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Deacon K, Knox AJ. Human airway smooth muscle cells secrete amphiregulin via bradykinin/COX-2/PGE2, inducing COX-2, CXCL8, and VEGF expression in airway epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L237-49. [PMID: 26047642 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00390.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human airway smooth muscle cells (HASMC) contribute to asthma pathophysiology through an increased smooth muscle mass and elevated cytokine/chemokine output. Little is known about how HASMC and the airway epithelium interact to regulate chronic airway inflammation and remodeling. Amphiregulin is a member of the family of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) agonists with cell growth and proinflammatory roles and increased expression in the lungs of asthma patients. Here we show that bradykinin (BK) stimulation of HASMC increases amphiregulin secretion in a mechanism dependent on BK-induced COX-2 expression, increased PGE2 output, and the stimulation of HASMC EP2 and EP4 receptors. Conditioned medium from BK treated HASMC induced CXCL8, VEGF, and COX-2 mRNA and protein accumulation in airway epithelial cells, which were blocked by anti-amphiregulin antibodies and amphiregulin siRNA, suggesting a paracrine effect of HASMC-derived amphiregulin on airway epithelial cells. Consistent with this, recombinant amphiregulin induced CXCL8, VEGF, and COX-2 in airway epithelial cells. Finally, we found that conditioned media from amphiregulin-stimulated airway epithelial cells induced amphiregulin expression in HASMC and that this was dependent on airway epithelial cell COX-2 activity. Our study provides evidence of a dynamic axis of interaction between HASMC and epithelial cells that amplifies CXCL8, VEGF, COX-2, and amphiregulin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Deacon
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Nottingham
| | - Alan J Knox
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Nottingham
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152
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Abstract
For decades, Praziquantel (PZQ) is the drug of choice against one of the most afflicting helminthic diseases worldwide, schistosomiasis. With respect to the fear of upcoming PZQ resistance, efforts are needed to find new chemotherapeutic options. Protein kinases (PKs) are essential molecules in signaling processes and indispensable to life. Aberrant PK functions take distinctive roles in human diseases and represent targets in chemotherapies. In schistosomes, conserved PKs were found to possess similar pivotal roles contributing not only to reproduction processes, but also to the pathology of schistosomiasis, which is closely associated to egg production. Exploiting the similarity of PKs of humans and schistosomes, PK inhibitors designed to treat human diseases may serve as lead compounds for new drugs against schistosomiasis.
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153
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Kamstra RL, Freywald A, Floriano WB. N-(2,4)-dinitrophenyl-L-arginine Interacts with EphB4 and Functions as an EphB4 Kinase Modulator. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 86:476-86. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon L. Kamstra
- Department of Chemistry; Lakehead University; Thunder Bay ON P7B 5E1 Canada
- Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute; Thunder Bay ON P7A 7T1 Canada
| | - Andrew Freywald
- Department of Pathology; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK S7N 0W0 Canada
| | - Wely B. Floriano
- Department of Chemistry; Lakehead University; Thunder Bay ON P7B 5E1 Canada
- Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute; Thunder Bay ON P7A 7T1 Canada
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154
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Restituyo E, Camacho-Soto K, Ghosh I. A fragment-based selection approach for the discovery of peptide macrocycles targeting protein kinases. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1248:95-104. [PMID: 25616328 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2020-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases are implicated in diverse signaling cascades and have been targeted with small molecules that typically bind the conserved ATP-binding active site. These inhibitors are often promiscuous and target multiple protein kinases, which has led to the development of alternate strategies to discover selective ligands. We have recently described a fragment-based selection approach, where a small-molecule warhead can be non-covalently tethered to a phage-displayed library of cyclic peptides. This approach led to the conversion of the promiscuous kinase inhibitor, staurosporine, into a selective bivalent inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Restituyo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ, 85721-0041, USA
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155
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El-Daly M, Saifeddine M, Mihara K, Ramachandran R, Triggle CR, Hollenberg MD. Proteinase-activated receptors 1 and 2 and the regulation of porcine coronary artery contractility: a role for distinct tyrosine kinase pathways. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:2413-25. [PMID: 24506284 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Because angiotensin-II-mediated porcine coronary artery (PCA) vasoconstriction is blocked by protein tyrosine kinase (PYK) inhibitors, we hypothesized that proteinase-activated receptors (PARs), known to regulate vascular tension, like angiotensin-II, would also cause PCA contractions via PYK-dependent signalling pathways. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Contractions of intact and endothelium-free isolated PCA rings, stimulated by PAR1 /PAR2 -activating peptides, angiotensin-II, PGF2α , EGF, PDGF and KCl, were monitored with/without multiple signalling pathway inhibitors, including AG-tyrphostins AG18 (non-specific PYKs), AG1478 (EGF-receptor kinase), AG1296 (PDGF receptor kinase), PP1 (Src kinase), U0126 and PD98059 (MEK/MAPKinase kinase), indomethacin/SC-560/NS-398 (COX-1/2) and L-NAME (NOS). KEY RESULTS AG18 inhibited the contractions induced by all the agonists except KCl, whereas U0126 attenuated contractions induced by PAR1 /PAR2 agonists, EGF and angiotensin-II, but not by PGF2α , the COX-produced metabolites of arachidonate and KCl. PP1 only affected the responses to PAR1 /PAR2 -activating peptides and angiotensin-II. The EGF-kinase inhibitor, AG1478, attenuated contractions initiated by the PARs (PAR2 >> PAR1 ) and EGF itself, but not by angiotensin-II, PGF2α or KCl. COX-1/2 inhibitors blocked the contractions induced by all the agonists, except KCl and PGF2α . CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS PAR1/2 -mediated contractions of the PCA are dependent on Src and MAPKinase and, in part, involve EGF-receptor-kinase transactivation and the generation of a COX-derived contractile agonist. However, the PYK signalling pathways used by PARs are distinct from each other and from those triggered by angiotensin-II and EGF. These signalling pathways may be therapeutic targets for managing coagulation-proteinase-induced coronary vasospasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud El-Daly
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta and the Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
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156
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Qawasmi I, Shmuel M, Eyal S. Interactions of ABCG2 (BCRP) with epidermal growth factor receptor kinase inhibitors developed for molecular imaging. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:257. [PMID: 25484865 PMCID: PMC4240039 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate in vitro the interactions between novel epidermal growth factor receptor kinase inhibitors (EGFRIs) developed for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and the major efflux transporter breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2). Seven compounds were evaluated, using the ATPase activity assays and Madin-Darbey canine kidney (MDCK) cells overexpressing BCRP. Five of the tested compounds activated BCRP ATPase to various extent. Overexpression of BCRP conferred resistance to ML04, ML06, methoxy-Br-ML03, and PEG6-ML05 (IC50 values for inhibition of control cell proliferation 2.1 ± 0.6, 2.2 ± 0.7, 1.8 ± 1.2, and 2.8 ± 3.1 μM, respectively, compared to >50 μM in MDCK-BCRP cells). At submicromolar concentrations, none of the EGFRIs significantly inhibited BCRP. Immunoblotting studies indicated that BCRP expression is evident in cell lines utilized for in vivo tumor grafting in small animal PET imaging studies. Thus, the intensity of EGFRIs radioactivity signals previously observed in tumor xenografts reflects an interplay between transporter-mediated distribution of the probe into tumor cells and target binding. Concomitant use of efflux transporter inhibitors may help distinguish between the contribution of efflux transport and EGFR binding to the tissue signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israa Qawasmi
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Miriam Shmuel
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sara Eyal
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem, Israel
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157
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Kimura M, Moteki H, Ogihara M. Involvement of endogenous transforming growth factor-α in signal transduction pathway for interleukin-1β-induced hepatocyte proliferation. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 745:223-33. [PMID: 25445040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effects of interleukin (IL)-1β on DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes in order to elucidate the mechanisms of its action. Hepatocyte parenchymal cells maintained in a serum-free, defined medium synthesized DNA and proliferated in the presence of IL-1β (3-30 ng/ml), but not IL-1α (0.1-30 ng/ml) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Specific inhibitors of growth-related signal transducers, such as AG1478, LY294002, PD98059, and rapamycin, completely abolished IL-1β-stimulated hepatocyte DNA synthesis and proliferation. Western blot analysis showed that IL-1β significantly stimulated mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation within 10 min. Addition of a monoclonal antibody against transforming growth factor (TGF)-α, but not a monoclonal antibody against insulin-like growth factor-I, to the culture dose-dependently inhibited IL-1β-induced hepatocyte mitogenesis. Culture medium TGF-α levels increased significantly within 3 min in response to IL-1β from baseline levels. Peak TGF-α levels (33 pg/ml) were reached at 10 min after IL-1β stimulation. These results indicate that the proliferative mechanism of action of IL-1β is mediated through an increase in autocrine secretion of TGF-α from primary cultured hepatocytes. Secreted TGF-α, in turn, acts as a complete mitogen to induce hepatocyte mitogenesis through the receptor tyrosine kinase/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/MAP kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutoshi Kimura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1. Keyakidai, Sakado City 350-0290, Japan
| | - Hajime Moteki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1. Keyakidai, Sakado City 350-0290, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ogihara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1. Keyakidai, Sakado City 350-0290, Japan.
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158
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Smiljanic K, Obradovic M, Jovanovic A, Djordjevic J, Dobutovic B, Jevremovic D, Marche P, Isenovic ER. Thrombin stimulates VSMC proliferation through an EGFR-dependent pathway: involvement of MMP-2. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 396:147-60. [PMID: 25047892 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2151-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF), general metalloproteinases, matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) in mediating the mitogenic action of thrombin in rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) was investigated. The incubation of rat VSMC with thrombin (1 U/ml) for 5 min resulted in significant (p < 0.001) increase of ERK1/2 phosphorylation by 8.7 ± 0.9-fold, EGFR phosphorylation by 8.5 ± 1.3-fold (p < 0.001) and DNA synthesis by 3.6 ± 0.4-fold (p < 0.001). Separate 30-min pretreatments with EGFR tyrosine kinase irreversible inhibitor, 10 µM PD169540 (PD), and 20 µM anti-HB-EGF antibody significantly reduced thrombin-stimulated EGFR and ERK1/2 phosphorylation by 81, 72 % and by 48 and 61 %, respectively. Furthermore, the same pretreatments with PD or anti-HB-EGF antibody reduced thrombin-induced VSMC proliferation by 44 and 45 %, respectively. In addition, 30-min pretreatments with 10 µM specific MMP-2 inhibitor significantly reduced thrombin-stimulated phosphorylation of both EGFR and ERK1/2 by 25 %. Moreover, the same pretreatment with MMP-2 inhibitor reduced thrombin-induced VSMC proliferation by 45 %. These results show that the thrombin-induced DNA synthesis correlates with the level of ERK1/2 activation rather than EGFR activation. These results further suggest that thrombin acts through EGFR and ERK 1/2 signaling pathways involving MMP-2 to upregulate proliferation of VSMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Smiljanic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia,
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159
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Ceci ML, Mardones-Krsulovic C, Sánchez M, Valdivia LE, Allende ML. Axon-Schwann cell interactions during peripheral nerve regeneration in zebrafish larvae. Neural Dev 2014; 9:22. [PMID: 25326036 PMCID: PMC4214607 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8104-9-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Peripheral nerve injuries can severely affect the way that animals perceive signals from the surrounding environment. While damage to peripheral axons generally has a better outcome than injuries to central nervous system axons, it is currently unknown how neurons re-establish their target innervations to recover function after injury, and how accessory cells contribute to this task. Here we use a simple technique to create reproducible and localized injury in the posterior lateral line (pLL) nerve of zebrafish and follow the fate of both neurons and Schwann cells. Results Using pLL single axon labeling by transient transgene expression, as well as transplantation of glial precursor cells in zebrafish larvae, we individualize different components in this system and characterize their cellular behaviors during the regenerative process. Neurectomy is followed by loss of Schwann cell differentiation markers that is reverted after nerve regrowth. We show that reinnervation of lateral line hair cells in neuromasts during pLL nerve regeneration is a highly dynamic process with promiscuous yet non-random target recognition. Furthermore, Schwann cells are required for directional extension and fasciculation of the regenerating nerve. We provide evidence that these cells and regrowing axons are mutually dependant during early stages of nerve regeneration in the pLL. The role of ErbB signaling in this context is also explored. Conclusion The accessibility of the pLL nerve and the availability of transgenic lines that label this structure and their synaptic targets provides an outstanding in vivo model to study the different events associated with axonal extension, target reinnervation, and the complex cellular interactions between glial cells and injured axons during nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Miguel L Allende
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile.
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160
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Brechbuhl HM, Li B, Smith RW, Reynolds SD. Epidermal growth factor receptor activity is necessary for mouse basal cell proliferation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 307:L800-10. [PMID: 25217659 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00201.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ERB family receptors (EGFR, ERB-B2, ERB-B3, and ERB-B4) regulate epithelial cell function in many tissue types. In the human airway epithelium, changes in ERB receptor expression are associated with epithelial repair defects. However, the specific role(s) played by ERB receptors in repair have not been determined. We aimed to determine whether ERB receptors regulate proliferation of the tracheobronchial progenitor, the basal cell. Receptor tyrosine kinase arrays were used to evaluate ERB activity in normal and naphthalene (NA)-injured mouse trachea and in air-liquid interface cultures. Roles for epidermal growth factor (EGF), EGFR, and ERB-B2 in basal cell proliferation were evaluated in vitro. NA injury and transgenic expression of an EGFR-dominant negative (DN) receptor were used to evaluate roles for EGFR signaling in vivo. EGFR and ERB-B2 were active in normal and NA-injured trachea and were the only active ERB receptors detected in proliferating basal cells in vitro. EGF was necessary for basal cell proliferation in vitro. The EGFR inhibitor, AG1478, decreased proliferation by 99, and the Erb-B2 inhibitor, AG825, decreased proliferation by ∼66%. In vivo, EGFR-DN expression in basal cells significantly decreased basal cell proliferation after NA injury. EGF and EGFR are necessary for basal cell proliferation. The EGFR/EGFR homo- and the EGFR/ERB-B2 heterodimer account for ∼34 and 66%, respectively, of basal cell proliferation in vitro. Active EGFR is necessary for basal cell proliferation after NA injury. We conclude that EGFR activation is necessary for mouse basal cell proliferation and normal epithelial repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bilan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Russell W Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Susan D Reynolds
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
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161
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Kurian LA, Silva TA, Sabatino D. Submonomer synthesis of azapeptide ligands of the Insulin Receptor Tyrosine Kinase domain. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:4176-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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162
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Xie J, El Sayed NM, Qi C, Zhao X, Moore CE, Herbert TP. Exendin-4 stimulates islet cell replication via the IGF1 receptor activation of mTORC1/S6K1. J Mol Endocrinol 2014; 53:105-15. [PMID: 24994913 DOI: 10.1530/jme-13-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R) agonists, such as exendin-4, potentiate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and are currently used in the management of type 2 diabetes. Interestingly, GLP1R agonists also have the ability to augment β-cell mass. In this report, we provide evidence that in the presence of glucose, exendin-4 stimulates rodent islet cell DNA replication via the activation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and that this is mediated by the protein kinase B (PKB)-dependent activation of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1). We show that activation of this pathway is caused by the autocrine or paracrine activation of the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R), as siRNA-mediated knockdown of the IGF1R effectively blocked exendin-4-stimulated PKB and mTORC1 activation. In contrast, pharmacological inactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor has no discernible effect on exendin-4-stimulated PKB or mTORC1 activation. Therefore, we conclude that GLP1R agonists stimulate β-cell proliferation via the PKB-dependent stimulation of mTORC1/S6K1 whose activation is mediated through the autocrine/paracrine activation of the IGF1R. This work provides a better understanding of the molecular basis of GLP1 agonist-induced β-cell proliferation which could potentially be exploited in the identification of novel drug targets that increase β-cell mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianling Xie
- Department of Cell Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, University Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Norhan M El Sayed
- Department of Cell Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, University Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Cheng Qi
- Department of Cell Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, University Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Xuechan Zhao
- Department of Cell Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, University Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Claire E Moore
- Department of Cell Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, University Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Terence P Herbert
- Department of Cell Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, University Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
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163
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Grisanti LA, Talarico JA, Carter RL, Yu JE, Repas AA, Radcliffe SW, Tang HA, Makarewich CA, Houser SR, Tilley DG. β-Adrenergic receptor-mediated transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor decreases cardiomyocyte apoptosis through differential subcellular activation of ERK1/2 and Akt. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 72:39-51. [PMID: 24566221 PMCID: PMC4037368 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
β-Adrenergic receptor (βAR)-mediated transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been shown to relay pro-survival effects via unknown mechanisms. We hypothesized that acute βAR-mediated EGFR transactivation in the heart promotes differential subcellular activation of ERK1/2 and Akt, promoting cell survival through modulation of apoptosis. C57BL/6 mice underwent acute i.p. injection with isoproterenol (ISO)±AG 1478 (EGFR antagonist) to assess the impact of βAR-mediated EGFR transactivation on the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (P-ERK1/2) and Akt (P-Akt) in distinct cardiac subcellular fractions. Increased P-ERK1/2 and P-Akt were observed in cytosolic, plasma membrane and nuclear fractions following ISO stimulation. Whereas the P-ERK1/2 response was EGFR-sensitive in all fractions, the P-Akt response was EGFR-sensitive only in the plasma membrane and nucleus, results confirmed in primary rat neonatal cardiomyocytes (RNCM). βAR-mediated EGFR-transactivation also decreased apoptosis in serum-depleted RNCM, as measured via TUNEL as well as caspase 3 activity/cleavage, which were sensitive to the inhibition of either ERK1/2 (PD184352) or Akt (LY-294002) signaling. Caspase 3 activity/cleavage was also sensitive to the inhibition of transcription, which, with an increase in nuclear P-ERK1/2 and P-Akt in response to ISO, suggested that βAR-mediated EGFR transactivation may regulate apoptotic gene transcription. An Apoptosis PCR Array identified tnfsf10 (TRAIL) to be altered by ISO in an EGFR-sensitive manner, results confirmed via RT-PCR and ELISA measurement of both membrane-bound and soluble cardiomyocyte TRAIL levels. βAR-mediated EGFR transactivation induces differential subcellular activation of ERK1/2 and Akt leading to increased cell survival through the modulation of caspase 3 activity and apoptotic gene expression in cardiomyocytes.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic beta-Agonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Caspase 3/genetics
- Caspase 3/metabolism
- Cats
- ErbB Receptors/antagonists & inhibitors
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Isoproterenol/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Primary Cell Culture
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Quinazolines/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tyrphostins/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel A Grisanti
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Jennifer A Talarico
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson School of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Rhonda L Carter
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Justine E Yu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ashley A Repas
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Scott W Radcliffe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson School of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Hoang-Ai Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson School of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Catherine A Makarewich
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Steven R Houser
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Douglas G Tilley
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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164
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Reiter BC, Kamanga-Sollo E, Pampusch MS, White ME, Dayton WR. Epidermal growth factor receptor is required for estradiol-stimulated bovine satellite cell proliferation. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2014; 48:48-55. [PMID: 24906928 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the role of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in estradiol-17β (E2)-stimulated proliferation of cultured bovine satellite cells (BSCs). Treatment of BSC cultures with AG1478 (a specific inhibitor of EGFR tyrosine kinase activity) suppresses E2-stimulated BSC proliferation (P < 0.05). In addition, E2-stimulated proliferation is completely suppressed (P < 0.05) in BSCs in which EGFR expression is silenced by treatment with EGFR small interfering RNA (siRNA). These results indicate that EGFR is required for E2 to stimulate proliferation in BSC cultures. Both AG1478 treatment and EGFR silencing also suppress proliferation stimulated by LR3-IGF-1 (an IGF1 analogue that binds normally to the insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGFR)-1 but has little or no affinity for IGF binding proteins) in cultured BSCs (P < 0.05). Even though EGFR siRNA treatment has no effect on IGFR-1β mRNA expression in cultured BSCs, IGFR-1β protein level is substantially reduced in BSCs treated with EGFR siRNA. These data suggest that EGFR silencing results in post-transcriptional modifications that result in decreased IGFR-1β protein levels. Although it is clear that functional EGFR is necessary for E2-stimulated proliferation of BSCs, the role of EGFR is not clear. Transactivation of EGFR may directly stimulate proliferation, or EGFR may function to maintain the level of IGFR-1β which is necessary for E2-stimulated proliferation. It also is possible that the role of EGFR in E2-stimulated BSC proliferation may involve both of these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Reiter
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - E Kamanga-Sollo
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - M S Pampusch
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - M E White
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - W R Dayton
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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165
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A novel function of HER2/Neu in the activation of G2/M checkpoint in response to γ-irradiation. Oncogene 2014; 34:2215-26. [PMID: 24909175 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In response to γ-irradiation (IR)-induced DNA damage, activation of cell cycle checkpoints results in cell cycle arrest, allowing time for DNA repair before cell cycle re-entry. Human cells contain G1 and G2 cell cycle checkpoints. While G1 checkpoint is defective in most cancer cells, commonly due to mutations and/or alterations in the key regulators of G1 checkpoint (for example, p53, cyclin D), G2 checkpoint is rarely impaired in cancer cells, which is important for cancer cell survival. G2 checkpoint activation involves activation of ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM)/ATM- and rad3-related (ATR) signalings, which leads to the inhibition of Cdc2 kinase and subsequent G2/M cell cycle arrest. Previous studies from our laboratory show that G2 checkpoint activation following IR exposure of MCF-7 breast cancer cells is dependent on the activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) signaling. As HER receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), which have important roles in cell proliferation and survival, have been shown to activate ERK1/2 signaling in response to various stimuli, we investigated the role of HER RTKs in IR-induced G2/M checkpoint response in breast cancer cells. Results of the present studies indicate that IR exposure resulted in a striking increase in the phosphorylation of HER1, HER2, HER3 and HER4 in MCF-7 cells, indicative of activation of these proteins. Furthermore, specific inhibition of HER2 using an inhibitor, short hairpin RNA and dominant-negative mutant HER2 abolished IR-induced activation of ATM/ATR signaling, phosphorylation of Cdc2-Y15 and subsequent induction of G2/M arrest. Moreover, the inhibition of HER2 also abrogated IR-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In contrast, inhibition of HER1 using specific inhibitors or decreasing expression of HER3 or HER4 using short hairpin RNAs did not block the induction of G2/M arrest following IR. These results suggest an important role of HER2 in the activation of G2/M checkpoint response following IR.
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166
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Breen ME, Steffey ME, Lachacz EJ, Kwarcinski FE, Fox CC, Soellner MB. Substrate activity screening with kinases: discovery of small-molecule substrate-competitive c-Src inhibitors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:7010-3. [PMID: 24797781 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201311096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Substrate-competitive kinase inhibitors represent a promising class of kinase inhibitors, however, there is no methodology to selectively identify this type of inhibitor. Substrate activity screening was applied to tyrosine kinases. By using this methodology, the first small-molecule substrates for any protein kinase were discovered, as well as the first substrate-competitive inhibitors of c-Src with activity in both biochemical and cellular assays. Characterization of the lead inhibitor demonstrates that substrate-competitive kinase inhibitors possess unique properties, including cellular efficacy that matches biochemical potency and synergy with ATP-competitive inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E Breen
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (USA)
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167
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Breen ME, Steffey ME, Lachacz EJ, Kwarcinski FE, Fox CC, Soellner MB. Substrate Activity Screening with Kinases: Discovery of Small-Molecule Substrate-Competitive c-Src Inhibitors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201311096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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168
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Endothelin-1 activates extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 via transactivation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor in rat L6 myoblasts. Life Sci 2014; 104:24-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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169
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O’Sullivan MJ, Hirota N, Martin JG. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) induced interleukin-8 (IL-8) release is mediated by S1P receptor 2 and nuclear factor κB in BEAS-2B cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95566. [PMID: 24743449 PMCID: PMC3990666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelium may release pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the asthmatic airway. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid, increased in the airways of asthmatics, that may trigger the release of the potent neutrophil chemoattractant Interleukin-8 (IL-8) by epithelial cells. S1P is a ligand for 5 G protein-coupled receptors, S1PR1-5. We wished to explore the mechanisms of S1P induced IL-8 secretion with regard to the receptor(s) and downstream signaling events involved. Our results indicate that S1P induced IL-8 release is mediated by S1PR2 and the transcription factor NF-κB. Since the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in IL-8 release in response to activation of other G protein-coupled receptors, we examined their importance in S1P induced IL-8 release and established that they are not involved. This study reveals S1PR2 and NF-κB as potential therapeutic targets in neutrophilic airway diseases such as severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. O’Sullivan
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University and McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montréal, Canada
| | - Nobuaki Hirota
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University and McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montréal, Canada
| | - James G. Martin
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University and McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montréal, Canada
- * E-mail:
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170
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Karaguzel E, Sivrikaya A, Mentese A, Yulug E, Turkmen S, Kutlu O, Guler Y, Us D, Turedi S, Alver A, Kazaz IO. Investigation of tyrphostin AG 556 for testicular torsion-induced ischemia reperfusion injury in rat. J Pediatr Urol 2014; 10:223-9. [PMID: 24070787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of tyrphostin AG 556, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) in an experimental model of testicular ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-four adult male rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6): sham, torsion/detorsion (T/D), T/D + dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (vehicle group), and T/D + DMSO + tyrphostin AG 556. Testicular torsion was achieved by rotating the left testis 720° clockwise for 4 h. Thirty minutes before detorsion, 3 mg/kg tyrphostin AG 556 was injected transperitoneally in the AG 556 group and DMSO was injected transperitoneally in the DMSO group. After 2 h of reperfusion arterial blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis for malondialdehyde (MDA), ischemia modified albumin (IMA), SCUBE1 (signal peptide-CUB [complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, and Bmp1] and EGF [epidermal growth factor] like domain-containing protein 1), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) parameters, and ipsilateral orchiectomies were performed for histopathological examination based on the semi-quantitative Johnsen's mean testicular biopsy score (MTBS) in all groups. RESULTS Tyrphostin AG 556 exhibited a protective effect against I/R injury in testicular torsion. Of the biochemical parameters evaluated as a result of testicular I/R, IMA, MDA, and TOS levels were significantly elevated. There was no significant difference in terms of these biochemical parameters between the sham and AG 556 groups. Significant histopathological injury was determined by comparing the T/D and sham groups. According to histopathological injury scores, significant differences were determined between T/D and AG 556 groups and between AG 556 and sham groups. AG 556 had a superior improving effect on Johnsen's scores than DMSO. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the use of tyrphostin AG 556 prior to testicular reperfusion has a protective effect against testicular I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersagun Karaguzel
- Department of Urology, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon 61080, Turkey.
| | - Abdullah Sivrikaya
- Department of Urology, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon 61080, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Mentese
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Esin Yulug
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Suha Turkmen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Omer Kutlu
- Department of Urology, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon 61080, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Guler
- Department of Urology, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon 61080, Turkey
| | - Diler Us
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Turedi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Alver
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ilke O Kazaz
- Department of Urology, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon 61080, Turkey
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171
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Valle-Mendiola A, Weiss-Steider B, Rocha-Zavaleta L, Soto-Cruz I. IL-2 Enhances Cervical Cancer Cells Proliferation and JAK3/STAT5 Phosphorylation at Low Doses, While at High Doses IL-2 Has Opposite Effects. Cancer Invest 2014; 32:115-25. [DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2014.883526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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172
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Mao S, Wang Y, Zhang M, Hinek A. Phytoestrogen, tanshinone IIA diminishes collagen deposition and stimulates new elastogenesis in cultures of human cardiac fibroblasts. Exp Cell Res 2014; 323:189-197. [PMID: 24525372 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It has been previously reported that oral or intra-peritoneal administration of tanshinone IIA can alleviate the ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis that develops in rats after experimental cardiac infarction. Our present studies, performed on cultures of human cardiac fibroblasts, investigated the mechanism by which tanshinone IIA produces these beneficial effects. We found that treatment of cardiac fibroblasts with 0.1-10µM tanshinone IIA significantly inhibited their deposition of collagen I, while enhancing production of new elastic fibers. Moreover, both anti-collagenogenic and pro-elastogenic effects of tanshinone IIA occurred only after selective activation of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). This subsequently leads to initiation of the PKA/CREB phosphorylation pathway that inversely modulated transcription of collagen I and elastin genes. Interestingly, treatment of human cardiac fibroblasts with tanshinone IIA additionally up-regulated the production of the 67-kDa elastin binding protein, which facilitates tropoelastin secretion, and increased synthesis of lysyl oxidase, catalyzing cross-linkings of tropoelastin. Moreover, tanshinone IIA also caused up-regulation in the synthesis of collagenolytic MMP-1, but down-regulated levels of elastolytic MMP-2 and MMP-9. In summary, our data validate a novel mechanism in which tanshinone IIA, interacting with a non-classic estrogen receptor, maintains the proper balance between the net deposition of collagen and elastin, allowing for optimal durability and resiliency of the newly deposited matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Mao
- Physiology & Experimental Medicine Program, Heart Center, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Ontario, Toronto, QJ;Canada M5G 1X8; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanting Wang
- Physiology & Experimental Medicine Program, Heart Center, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Ontario, Toronto, QJ;Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Minzhou Zhang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aleksander Hinek
- Physiology & Experimental Medicine Program, Heart Center, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Ontario, Toronto, QJ;Canada M5G 1X8; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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173
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Abstract
Within the past 2 years, four separate groups have reported marked improvement in relapse-free survival when trastuzumab was added to adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. These results add further credence to the relevance of this receptor as a tumor target. Despite the significant benefits observed in early and advanced HER2-positive breast cancer, overexpression of the receptor is still associated with a poorer prognosis and an increased risk of disease relapse, even in patients with primary operable disease. Besides cytotoxic chemotherapy, and possibly hormonal therapy, patients whose tumors exhibit resistance to trastuzumab have few molecular-targeted options available. Recently, lapatinib, a small molecule dual inhibitor of both HER2 and EGF receptors, has been developed to expand the options for treating HER-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald M Higa
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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174
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Abstract
Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec, Glivec [Novartis, Basel, Switzerland], formerly referred to as STI571 or CGP57148B) represents the paradigm of a new class of anticancer agents, so-called small molecules. They have a high selectivity against a specific molecular target known to be the cause for the establishment and maintenance of the malignant phenotype. Imatinib is a rationally designed oral signal transduction inhibitor that specifically targets several protein tyrosine kinases, Abl, Arg (Abl-related gene), the stem cell factor receptor (c-KIT), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGF-R), and their oncogenic forms, most notably BCR-ABL. Imatinib has been shown to have remarkable clinical activity in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and malignant gastrointestinal stroma tumors (GIST) leading to its approval for treatment of these diseases. Treatment with imatinib is generally well tolerated with a low incidence of severe side effects. The most common adverse events include mild to moderate edema, muscle cramps, diarrhea, nausea, skin rashes, and myelosuppression. Several mechanisms of resistance have been identified. Clonal evolution, amplification, or overexpression of BCR-ABL as well as mutations in the catalytic domain, P-loop, and other mutations have been demonstrated to play a role in primary and secondary resistance to imatinib, respectively. Understanding of the underlying mechanisms of resistance has led to the development of new second- and third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (see chapters on dasatinib, nilotinib, bosutinib, and ponatinib).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius F Waller
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Hugstetter Street 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany,
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175
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Haricharan S, Dong J, Hein S, Reddy JP, Du Z, Toneff M, Holloway K, Hilsenbeck SG, Huang S, Atkinson R, Woodward W, Jindal S, Borges VF, Gutierrez C, Zhang H, Schedin PJ, Osborne CK, Tweardy DJ, Li Y. Mechanism and preclinical prevention of increased breast cancer risk caused by pregnancy. eLife 2013; 2:e00996. [PMID: 24381245 PMCID: PMC3874103 DOI: 10.7554/elife.00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
While a first pregnancy before age 22 lowers breast cancer risk, a pregnancy after age 35 significantly increases life-long breast cancer risk. Pregnancy causes several changes to the normal breast that raise barriers to transformation, but how pregnancy can also increase cancer risk remains unclear. We show in mice that pregnancy has different effects on the few early lesions that have already developed in the otherwise normal breast—it causes apoptosis evasion and accelerated progression to cancer. The apoptosis evasion is due to the normally tightly controlled STAT5 signaling going astray—these precancerous cells activate STAT5 in response to pregnancy/lactation hormones and maintain STAT5 activation even during involution, thus preventing the apoptosis normally initiated by oncoprotein and involution. Short-term anti-STAT5 treatment of lactation-completed mice bearing early lesions eliminates the increased risk after a pregnancy. This chemoprevention strategy has important implications for preventing increased human breast cancer risk caused by pregnancy. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00996.001 Pregnancy changes the probability that a woman will later develop breast cancer. If a woman’s first pregnancy occurs before her 22nd birthday, the chances of developing breast cancer are reduced. However, if the first pregnancy occurs after her 35th birthday, there is an increased risk of breast cancer. It is not clear why this age-related difference exists, but as more women wait until their 30s to start a family, there is greater urgency to understand this difference. Breasts undergo extensive changes during pregnancy. This remodeling makes their cells less likely to multiply, and also less likely to develop tumors, which could explain the protective effect of pregnancy for younger women. But why would older women not reap the same benefits? One hypothesis is that older first-time mothers are more likely than younger first-time mothers to already have breast tissue with cells carrying cancer-causing mutations, or to have clusters of abnormal precancerous cells. Now, Haricharan et al. have tested this hypothesis by inserting two cancer-causing genes into female mice. Half of the mice were then made pregnant and allowed to nurse their young, whilst the other half were never mated. Although, both groups of mice later developed tumors, the mice that had been pregnant developed more tumors and did so faster. The increased cancer levels in the mice that had been pregnant were not due to them having more precancerous cells at the early stages of pregnancy than the unmated mice of the same age. Further, the precancerous cells in the impregnated mice did not proliferate faster than those in the mice that were never pregnant. Instead, pregnancy weakened the protective process that culls pre-existing precancerous cells. These cells evaded destruction by activating a signaling pathway called the STAT5 pathway in response to pregnancy hormones. Haricharan et al. also examined tissue samples from women with a very early form of breast cancer and found elevated levels of STAT5 in tumors from women who had been pregnant compared to those who had not been pregnant. The good news is that precancerous cells do not always become cancerous. However, for those women with a high risk of developing breast cancer, Haricharan et al. suggest that temporarily reducing STAT5 activity after pregnancy with medication might reduce this risk. Treating mice with anti-STAT5 drugs for a few weeks after they finished nursing their young lessened the elevated cancer risk, and so the next challenge is to see if this approach will also be effective in human clinical trials. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00996.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Svasti Haricharan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
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176
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Liu SV, Subramaniam D, Cyriac GC, Abdul-Khalek FJ, Giaccone G. Emerging protein kinase inhibitors for non-small cell lung cancer. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2013; 19:51-65. [DOI: 10.1517/14728214.2014.873403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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177
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Developmental defects in zebrafish for classification of EGF pathway inhibitors. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 274:339-49. [PMID: 24262764 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges when testing drug candidates targeted at a specific pathway in whole animals is the discrimination between specific effects and unwanted, off-target effects. Here we used the zebrafish to define several developmental defects caused by impairment of Egf signaling, a major pathway of interest in tumor biology. We inactivated Egf signaling by genetically blocking Egf expression or using specific inhibitors of the Egf receptor function. We show that the combined occurrence of defects in cartilage formation, disturbance of blood flow in the trunk and a decrease of myelin basic protein expression represent good indicators for impairment of Egf signaling. Finally, we present a classification of known tyrosine kinase inhibitors according to their specificity for the Egf pathway. In conclusion, we show that developmental indicators can help to discriminate between specific effects on the target pathway from off-target effects in molecularly targeted drug screening experiments in whole animal systems.
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178
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Chiang YY, Haeri S, Gizewski C, Stewart JD, Ehrhard P, Shrimpton J, Janasek D, West J. Whole Cell Quenched Flow Analysis. Anal Chem 2013; 85:11560-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac402881h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Yu Chiang
- Leibniz-Institut
für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Institute for
Life Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Sina Haeri
- Engineering
and the Environment, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Carsten Gizewski
- Fluid
Mechanics, Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Technische Universität, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Joanna D. Stewart
- Leibniz
Research
Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors − IfADo, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Peter Ehrhard
- Fluid
Mechanics, Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Technische Universität, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - John Shrimpton
- Engineering
and the Environment, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Dirk Janasek
- Leibniz-Institut
für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jonathan West
- Leibniz-Institut
für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Institute for
Life Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K
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179
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Lee CYF, Lin Y, Bratman SV, Feng W, Kuo AH, Scheeren FA, Engreitz JM, Varma S, West RB, Diehn M. Neuregulin autocrine signaling promotes self-renewal of breast tumor-initiating cells by triggering HER2/HER3 activation. Cancer Res 2013; 74:341-52. [PMID: 24177178 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Currently, only patients with HER2-positive tumors are candidates for HER2-targeted therapies. However, recent clinical observations suggest that the survival of patients with HER2-low breast cancers, who lack HER2 amplification, may benefit from adjuvant therapy that targets HER2. In this study, we explored a mechanism through which these benefits may be obtained. Prompted by the hypothesis that HER2/HER3 signaling in breast tumor-initiating cells (TIC) promotes self-renewal and survival, we obtained evidence that neuregulin 1 (NRG1) produced by TICs promotes their proliferation and self-renewal in HER2-low tumors, including in triple-negative breast tumors. Pharmacologic inhibition of EGFR, HER2, or both receptors reduced breast TIC survival and self-renewal in vitro and in vivo and increased TIC sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Through a tissue microarray analysis, we found that NRG1 expression and associated HER2 activation occurred in a subset of HER2-low breast cancers. Our results offer an explanation for why HER2 inhibition blocks the growth of HER2-low breast tumors. Moreover, they argue that dual inhibition of EGFR and HER2 may offer a useful therapeutic strategy to target TICs in these tumors. In generating a mechanistic rationale to apply HER2-targeting therapies in patients with HER2-low tumors, this work shows why these therapies could benefit a considerably larger number of patients with breast cancer than they currently reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleo Yi-Fang Lee
- Authors' Affiliations: Stanford Cancer Institute and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Departments of Pathology and Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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180
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Quinazoline-based multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors: Synthesis, modeling, antitumor and antiangiogenic properties. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 67:373-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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181
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Neeraja Dharmaraj, Engel BJ, Carson DD. Activated EGFR stimulates MUC1 expression in human uterine and pancreatic cancer cell lines. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:2314-22. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neeraja Dharmaraj
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Wiess School of Natural Sciences; Rice University; Houston; Texas; 77251
| | - Brian J. Engel
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Wiess School of Natural Sciences; Rice University; Houston; Texas; 77251
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182
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Al-aidaroos AQO, Yuen HF, Guo K, Zhang SD, Chung TH, Chng WJ, Zeng Q. Metastasis-associated PRL-3 induces EGFR activation and addiction in cancer cells. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:3459-71. [PMID: 23867504 PMCID: PMC4011027 DOI: 10.1172/jci66824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis-associated phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3) has pleiotropic effects in driving cancer progression, yet the signaling mechanisms of PRL-3 are still not fully understood. Here, we provide evidence for PRL-3-induced hyperactivation of EGFR and its downstream signaling cascades in multiple human cancer cell lines. Mechanistically, PRL-3-induced activation of EGFR was attributed primarily to transcriptional downregulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), an inhibitory phosphatase for EGFR. Functionally, PRL-3-induced hyperactivation of EGFR correlated with increased cell growth, promigratory characteristics, and tumorigenicity. Moreover, PRL-3 induced cellular addiction to EGFR signaling, as evidenced by the pronounced reversion of these oncogenic attributes upon EGFR-specific inhibition. Of clinical significance, we verified elevated PRL-3 expression as a predictive marker for favorable therapeutic response in a heterogeneous colorectal cancer (CRC) patient cohort treated with the clinically approved anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab. The identification of PRL-3-driven EGFR hyperactivation and consequential addiction to EGFR signaling opens new avenues for inhibiting PRL-3-driven cancer progression. We propose that elevated PRL-3 expression is an important clinical predictive biomarker for favorable anti-EGFR cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Qader Omer Al-aidaroos
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
Center for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
Haematological Malignancy Genomics Lab, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore National University Health System, Singapore.
Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hiu Fung Yuen
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
Center for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
Haematological Malignancy Genomics Lab, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore National University Health System, Singapore.
Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ke Guo
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
Center for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
Haematological Malignancy Genomics Lab, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore National University Health System, Singapore.
Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shu Dong Zhang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
Center for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
Haematological Malignancy Genomics Lab, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore National University Health System, Singapore.
Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tae-Hoon Chung
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
Center for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
Haematological Malignancy Genomics Lab, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore National University Health System, Singapore.
Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Joo Chng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
Center for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
Haematological Malignancy Genomics Lab, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore National University Health System, Singapore.
Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qi Zeng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
Center for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
Haematological Malignancy Genomics Lab, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore National University Health System, Singapore.
Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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183
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Wang Z, Wang N, Han S, Wang D, Mo S, Yu L, Huang H, Tsui K, Shen J, Chen J. Dietary compound isoliquiritigenin inhibits breast cancer neoangiogenesis via VEGF/VEGFR-2 signaling pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68566. [PMID: 23861918 PMCID: PMC3702614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is crucial for cancer initiation, development and metastasis. Identifying natural botanicals targeting angiogenesis has been paid much attention for drug discovery in recent years, with the advantage of increased safety. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a dietary chalcone-type flavonoid with various anti-cancer activities. However, little is known about the anti-angiogenic activity of isoliquiritigenin and its underlying mechanisms. Herein, we found that ISL significantly inhibited the VEGF-induced proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) at non-toxic concentration. A series of angiogenesis processes including tube formation, invasion and migration abilities of HUVECs were also interrupted by ISL in vitro. Furthermore, ISL suppressed sprout formation from VEGF-treated aortic rings in an ex-vivo model. Molecular mechanisms study demonstrated that ISL could significantly inhibit VEGF expression in breast cancer cells via promoting HIF-1α (Hypoxia inducible factor-1α) proteasome degradation and directly interacted with VEGFR-2 to block its kinase activity. In vivo studies further showed that ISL administration could inhibit breast cancer growth and neoangiogenesis accompanying with suppressed VEGF/VEGFR-2 signaling, elevated apoptosis ratio and little toxicity effects. Molecular docking simulation indicated that ISL could stably form hydrogen bonds and aromatic interactions within the ATP-binding region of VEGFR-2. Taken together, our study shed light on the potential application of ISL as a novel natural inhibitor for cancer angiogenesis via the VEGF/VEGFR-2 pathway. Future studies of ISL for chemoprevention or chemosensitization against breast cancer are thus warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Neng Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shouwei Han
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suilin Mo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linzhong Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, South Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kamchuen Tsui
- The Hong Kong Associate of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- * E-mail:
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184
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Jo MJ, Bae SJ, Son BW, Kim CY, Kim GD. 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid and (+)-epoxydon isolated from marine algae-derived microorganisms induce down regulation of epidermal growth factor activated mitogenic signaling cascade in Hela cells. Cancer Cell Int 2013; 13:49. [PMID: 23706036 PMCID: PMC3673896 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-13-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Epidermal growth factor induces its dimerization and stimulates phosphorylation of intracellular tyrosine residues. Phosphorylation of EGFR is studied for cancer therapy because EGFR regulates many cellular processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Hence, down-regulation of EGFR kinase activity results in inhibition of signaling cascades amenable for proliferation and progression of cell cycle. Methods In the study, we purified 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid and (+)-epoxydon from Aspergillus sp. isolated from marine brown alga Ishige okamurae and Phoma herbarum isolated from marine red alga Hypnea saidana respectively and determined its anti-tumor activities against HeLa human cervical cancer cells. Results Two compounds suppressed EGFR activity in vitro with IC50 values for 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid and (+)-epoxydon were 2.8 and 0.6 μg/mL respectively and reduced the viable numbers of HeLa cells. Immunoblotting analysis exhibited that the compounds induced inhibition of cell growth by causing downregulation of the mitogenic signaling cascade, inactivation of p90RSK, and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. Conclusions Results suggest that decreased expression of active EGFR and EGFR-related downstream molecules by treatment with the compounds may results in the inhibition of cell growth and inducement of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jeong Jo
- Department of Microbiology College of Natural Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea
| | - Seong Ja Bae
- Department of Microbiology College of Natural Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea
| | - Byeng Wha Son
- Department of Chemistry College of Natural Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea
| | - Chi Yeon Kim
- Department of Dermatology School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University & Hospital, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - Gun Do Kim
- Department of Microbiology College of Natural Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea
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185
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Chiluiza D, Krishna S, Schumacher VA, Schlöndorff J. Gain-of-function mutations in transient receptor potential C6 (TRPC6) activate extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2). J Biol Chem 2013; 288:18407-20. [PMID: 23645677 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.463059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations in the canonical transient receptor potential 6 (TRPC6) gene are a cause of autosomal dominant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). The mechanisms whereby abnormal TRPC6 activity results in proteinuria remain unknown. The ERK1/2 MAPKs are activated in glomeruli and podocytes in several proteinuric disease models. We therefore examined whether FSGS-associated mutations in TRPC6 result in activation of these kinases. In 293T cells and cultured podocytes, overexpression of gain-of-function TRPC6 mutants resulted in increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation, an effect dependent upon channel function. Pharmacologic inhibitor studies implicated several signaling mediators, including calmodulin and calcineurin, supporting the importance of TRPC6-mediated calcium influx in this process. Through medium transfer experiments, we uncovered two distinct mechanisms for ERK activation by mutant TRPC6, a cell-autonomous, EGF receptor-independent mechanism and a non-cell-autonomous mechanism involving metalloprotease-mediated release of a presumed EGF receptor ligand. The inhibitors KN-92 and H89 were able to block both pathways in mutant TRPC6 expressing cells as well as the prolonged elevation of intracellular calcium levels upon carbachol stimulation seen in these cells. However, these effects appear to be independent of their effects on calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and PKA, respectively. Phosphorylation of Thr-70, Ser-282, and Tyr-31/285 were not necessary for ERK activation by mutant TRPC6, although a phosphomimetic TRPC6 S282E mutant was capable of ERK activation. Taken together, these results identify two pathways downstream of mutant TRPC6 leading to ERK activation that may play a role in the development of FSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Chiluiza
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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186
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Sathishkumar N, Karpagam V, Sathiyamoorthy S, Woo MJ, Kim YJ, Yang DC. Computer-aided identification of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors using ginsenosides from Panax ginseng. Comput Biol Med 2013; 43:786-97. [PMID: 23668355 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2013.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have served as structural resources in the history of drug discovery for cancer therapy. Among these natural products, Korean Panax ginseng serves as a potential anti-cancer medicinal plant. To determine the anti-cancer activities of Korean P. ginseng active compounds, we performed pharmacophore-based virtual screening and molecular docking studies on EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) tyrosine kinase domain. The EGFR family tyrosine kinase receptor is a cell surface receptor that regulates diverse biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. Over expression of EGFR tyrosine kinase domain associated with the development and progression of numerous human cancers. In our study, we developed the best pharmacophore model (Hypo1) using a diverse training set and validated by Fischer's randomization, a test set, and a decoy set. The best validated model was employed in the virtual screening of P. ginseng compound database. Further, chosen molecules were evaluated by applying ADMET screening and molecular docking studies. Finally, 14 compounds were obtained based on binding affinity scores and interactions with protein active site residues. These final lead compounds from P. ginseng can be used in the designing of new EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natarajan Sathishkumar
- Korean Ginseng Center and Ginseng Genetic Resource Bank, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 449-701, Republic of Korea.
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187
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Design, synthesis and characterization of peptidomimetic conjugate of BODIPY targeting HER2 protein extracellular domain. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 65:60-9. [PMID: 23688700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Among the EGFRs, HER2 is a major heterodimer partner and also has important implications in the formation of particular tumors. Interaction of HER2 protein with other EGFR proteins can be modulated by small molecule ligands and, hence, these protein-protein interactions play a key role in biochemical reactions related to control of cell growth. A peptidomimetic (compound 5-1) that binds to HER2 protein extracellular domain and inhibits protein-protein interactions of EGFRs was conjugated with BODIPY (4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene). Conjugation of BODIPY to the peptidomimetic was investigated by different approaches. The conjugate was characterized for its ability to bind to HER2 overexpressing SKBR-3 and BT-474 cells. Furthermore, cellular uptake of conjugate of BODIPY was studied in the presence of membrane tracker and Lyso tracker using confocal microscopy. Our results suggested that fluorescently labeled compound 5-7 binds to the extracellular domain and stays in the membrane for nearly 24 h. After 24 h there is an indication of internalization of the conjugate. Inhibition of protein-protein interaction and downstream signaling effect of compound 5-1 was also studied by proximity ligation assay and Western blot analysis. Results suggested that compound 5-1 inhibit protein-protein interactions of HER2-HER3 and phosphorylation of HER2 in a time-dependent manner.
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188
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Islam MS, Protic O, Giannubilo SR, Toti P, Tranquilli AL, Petraglia F, Castellucci M, Ciarmela P. Uterine leiomyoma: available medical treatments and new possible therapeutic options. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:921-34. [PMID: 23393173 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-3237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids or myomas) are benign tumors of the uterus and are clinically apparent in up to 25% of reproductive-age women. Heavy or abnormal uterine bleeding, pelvic pain or pressure, infertility, and recurrent pregnancy loss are generally associated with leiomyoma. Although surgical and radiological therapies are frequently used for the management of this tumor, medical therapies are considered the first-line treatment of leiomyoma. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION AND SYNTHESIS A review was conducted of electronic and print data comprising both original and review articles on pathophysiology and medical treatments of uterine leiomyoma retrieved from the PubMed or Google Scholar database up to June 2012. These resources were integrated with the authors' knowledge of the field. CONCLUSION To date, several pathogenetic factors such as genetic factors, epigenetic factors, estrogens, progesterone, growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and extracellular matrix components have been implicated in leiomyoma development and growth. On the basis of current hypotheses, several medical therapies have been investigated. GnRH agonist has been approved by US Food and Drug Administration for reducing fibroid volume and related symptoms. In addition, the FDA also approved an intrauterine device, levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (Mirena), for additional use to treat heavy menstrual bleeding in intrauterine device users only. Currently, mifepristone, asoprisnil, ulipristal acetate, and epigallocatechin gallate have been shown to be effective for fibroid regression and symptomatic improvement which are all in clinical trial. In addition, some synthetic and natural compounds as well as growth factor inhibitors are now under laboratory investigation, and they could serve as future therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Soriful Islam
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, via Tronto 10/a, 60020 Ancona, Italy
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189
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Qiang Q, Adachi H, Huang Z, Jiang YM, Katsuno M, Minamiyama M, Doi H, Matsumoto S, Kondo N, Miyazaki Y, Iida M, Tohnai G, Sobue G. Genistein, a natural product derived from soybeans, ameliorates polyglutamine-mediated motor neuron disease. J Neurochem 2013; 126:122-30. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Qiang
- Department of Neurology; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - Hiroaki Adachi
- Department of Neurology; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - Zhe Huang
- Department of Neurology; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - Yue-Mei Jiang
- Department of Neurology; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - Makoto Minamiyama
- Department of Neurology; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - Hideki Doi
- Department of Neurology; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - Shinjiro Matsumoto
- Department of Neurology; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - Naohide Kondo
- Department of Neurology; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - Yu Miyazaki
- Department of Neurology; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - Madoka Iida
- Department of Neurology; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - Genki Tohnai
- Department of Neurology; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - Gen Sobue
- Department of Neurology; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
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190
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Li G, Zhang J, Jin K, He K, Zheng Y, Xu X, Wang H, Wang H, Li Z, Yu X, Teng X, Cao J, Teng L. Estrogen receptor-α36 is involved in development of acquired tamoxifen resistance via regulating the growth status switch in breast cancer cells. Mol Oncol 2013; 7:611-24. [PMID: 23499324 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquired tamoxifen (TAM) resistance limits the therapeutic benefit of TAM in patients with hormone-dependent breast cancer. The switch from estrogen-dependent to growth factor-dependent growth is a critical step in this process. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this switch remain poorly understood. In this study, we established a TAM resistant cell sub line (MCF-7/TAM) from estrogen receptor-α (ER-α66) positive breast cancer MCF-7 cells by culturing ER-α66-positive MCF-7 cells in medium plus 1 μM TAM over 6 months. MCF-7/TAM cells were then found to exhibit accelerated proliferation rate together with enhanced in vitro migratory and invasive ability. And the estrogen receptor-α36 (ER-α36), a novel 36-kDa variant of ER-α66, was dramatically overexpressed in this in vitro model, compared to the parental MCF-7 cells. Meanwhile, the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in MCF-7/TAM cells was significantly up-regulated both in mRNA level and protein level, and the expression of ER-α66 was greatly down-regulated oppositely. In the subsequent studies, we overexpressed ER-α36 in MCF-7 cells by stable transfection and found that ER-α36 transfected MCF-7 cells (MCF-7/ER-α36) similarly exhibited decreased sensitivity to TAM, accelerated proliferative rate and enhanced in vitro migratory and invasive ability, compared to empty vector transfected MCF-7 cells (MCF-7/V). Real-time qPCR and Western blotting analysis revealed that MCF-7/ER-α36 cells possessed increased EGFR expression but decreased ER-α66 expression both in mRNA level and protein level, compared to MCF-7/V cells. This change in MCF-7/ER-α36 cells could be reversed by neutralizing anti-ER-α36 antibody treatment. Furthermore, knock-down of ER-α36 expression in MCF-7/TAM cells resulted in reduced proliferation rate together with decreased in vitro migratory and invasive ability. Decreased EGFR mRNA and protein expression as well as increased ER-α66 mRNA expression were also observed in MCF-7/TAM cells with down-regulated ER-α36 expression. In addition, blocking EGFR/ERK signaling in MCF-7/ER-α36 cells could restore the expression of ER-α66 partly, suggesting a regulatory function of EGFR/ERK signaling in down-regulation of ER-α66 expression. In conclusion, our results indicated for the first time a regulatory role of ER-α36 in up-regulation of EGFR expression and down-regulation of ER-α66 expression, which could be an underlying mechanism for the growth status switch in breast tumors that contribute to the generation of acquired TAM resistance. And ER-α36 could be considered a potential new therapeutic target in breast tumors which have acquired resistance to TAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangliang Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
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191
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Neill T, Jones HR, Crane-Smith Z, Owens RT, Schaefer L, Iozzo RV. Decorin induces rapid secretion of thrombospondin-1 in basal breast carcinoma cells via inhibition of Ras homolog gene family, member A/Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1. FEBS J 2013; 280:2353-68. [PMID: 23350987 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Pathological neovascularization relies on an imbalance between potent proangiogenic agents and equally effective antiangiogenic cues. Collectively, these factors contribute to an angiogenic niche within the tumor microenvironment. Oncogenic events and hypoxia contribute to augmented levels of angiokines, and thereby activate the so-called angiogenic switch to promote aggressive tumorigenic and metastatic growth. Soluble decorin functions as a paracrine pan-inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinases, such as Met and epidermal growth factor receptor, and thus is capable of suppressing angiogenesis under normoxia. This leads to noncanonical repression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), and concurrent induction of thrombospondin-1. The substantial induction of endogenous tumor cell-derived thrombospondin-1, a potent antiangiogenic effector, led us to the discovery of an unexpected secretory phenotype occurring very rapidly (within 5 min) after decorin treatment of the triple-negative basal breast carcinoma cell line MDA-MB-231. Surprisingly, the effect was not mediated by Met receptor antagonism, as initially hypothesized, but required epidermal growth factor receptor signaling to achieve swift and robust thrombospondin-1 release. Furthermore, this effect was ultimately dependent on the prompt degradation of Ras homolog gene family member A, via the 26S proteasome, leading to direct inactivation of Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1. The latter led to derepression of thrombospondin-1 secretion. Collectively, these data provide a novel mechanistic role for Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1, in addition to providing the first conclusive evidence of decorin exclusively targeting a receptor tyrosine kinase to achieve a specific effect. The overall effects of soluble decorin on the tumor microenvironment would cause an immediately-early as well as a sustained antiangiogenic response in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Neill
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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192
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Inhibition of EGF/EGFR activation with naphtho[1,2-b]furan-4,5-dione blocks migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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193
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Oxytocin promotes long-term potentiation by enhancing epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated local translation of protein kinase Mζ. J Neurosci 2013; 32:15476-88. [PMID: 23115185 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2429-12.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to triggering the birthing process and milk release, the hypothalamic neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) plays an important role in the regulation of complex social cognition and behavior. Previous work has shown that OXT can regulate hippocampal synaptic plasticity and improve hippocampus-dependent cognitive functions in the female mice, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. Here, we demonstrate that OXT promotes the maintenance of long-term potentiation (LTP) induced by one train of tetanic stimulation (TS) in the CA1 region of hippocampal slices from both nulliparous female and male rats through a previously unknown mechanism involving OXT receptor (OXTR)-dependent and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated local translation of an atypical protein kinase C isoform, protein kinase Mζ (PKMζ), in dendrites. Using pharmacological and biochemical approaches, we show that both the conventional OXTR-associated signaling pathway (G(q/11)-coupled phospholipase C) and the transactivated EGFR downstream signaling pathways (phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2) are involved in the regulation of OXT. In addition, OXT stimulates local dendritic PKMζ mRNA translation via activation of a mammalian target of rapamycin-regulated mechanism. Furthermore, blockade of OXTR results in a modest decrease in the ability to maintain late-phase LTP induced by three trains of TS. These results reveal a novel OXTR-to-EGFR communication to regulate the new synthesis of PKMζ, which functions to promote the maintenance of LTP at hippocampal CA1 synapses.
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194
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Barbeau A, Godin AG, Swift JL, De Koninck Y, Wiseman PW, Beaulieu JM. Quantification of receptor tyrosine kinase activation and transactivation by G-protein-coupled receptors using spatial intensity distribution analysis (SpIDA). Methods Enzymol 2013; 522:109-31. [PMID: 23374183 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407865-9.00007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This chapter presents a general approach for the application of spatial intensity distribution analysis (SpIDA) to the pharmacodynamic quantification of receptor tyrosine kinase homodimerization in response to direct ligand activation or transactivation by G-protein-coupled receptors. Intensity histograms are generated from single fluorescence microscopy images. These histograms are then fit with Poissonian distributions to obtain density maps and quantal brightness values of the labeled proteins underlying the images. This approach allows resolving monomer/oligomer protein mixtures within subcellular compartments using conventional confocal laser scanning microscopy. The application of quantitative pharmacological analysis to data obtained using SpIDA provides a universal method for comparing studies between cell lines and receptor systems. In contrast to methods based on resonance energy transfer, SpIDA is suitable not only for use in recombinant systems but also for the characterization of mechanisms involving endogenous proteins. Therefore, SpIDA enables these biological processes to be monitored directly in their native cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Barbeau
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
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195
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Rodríguez M, Pérez L, Gavilondo JV, Garrido G, Bequet-Romero M, Hernández I, Huerta V, Cabrera G, Pérez M, Ramos O, Leyva R, León M, Ramos PL, Triguero A, Hernández A, Sánchez B, Ayala M, Soto J, González E, Mendoza O, Tiel K, Pujol M. Comparative in vitro and experimental in vivo studies of the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody nimotuzumab and its aglycosylated form produced in transgenic tobacco plants. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2013; 11:53-65. [PMID: 23046448 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A broad variety of foreign genes can be expressed in transgenic plants, which offer the opportunity for large-scale production of pharmaceutical proteins, such as therapeutic antibodies. Nimotuzumab is a humanized anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) recombinant IgG1 antibody approved in different countries for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, paediatric and adult glioma, and nasopharyngeal and oesophageal cancers. Because the antitumour mechanism of nimotuzumab is mainly attributed to its ability to interrupt the signal transduction cascade triggered by EGF/EGFR interaction, we have hypothesized that an aglycosylated form of this antibody, produced by mutating the N(297) position in the IgG(1) Fc region gene, would have similar biochemical and biological properties as the mammalian-cell-produced glycosylated counterpart. In this paper, we report the production and characterization of an aglycosylated form of nimotuzumab in transgenic tobacco plants. The comparison of the plantibody and nimotuzumab in terms of recognition of human EGFR, effect on tyrosine phosphorylation and proliferation in cells in response to EGF, competition with radiolabelled EGF for EGFR, affinity measurements of Fab fragments, pharmacokinetic and biodistribution behaviours in rats and antitumour effects in nude mice bearing human A431 tumours showed that both antibody forms have very similar in vitro and in vivo properties. Our results support the idea that the production of aglycosylated forms of some therapeutic antibodies in transgenic plants is a feasible approach when facing scaling strategies for anticancer immunoglobulins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilyn Rodríguez
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Playa, Havana, Cuba.
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Zhang M, Shan X, Gu L, Hertz L, Peng L. Dexmedetomidine causes neuroprotection via astrocytic α2- adrenergic receptor stimulation and HB-EGF release. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.7243/2049-9752-2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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197
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Barbeau A, Swift JL, Godin AG, De Koninck Y, Wiseman PW, Beaulieu JM. Spatial intensity distribution analysis (SpIDA): a new tool for receptor tyrosine kinase activation and transactivation quantification. Methods Cell Biol 2013; 117:1-19. [PMID: 24143969 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-408143-7.00001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This chapter presents a general approach for the application of spatial intensity distribution analysis (SpIDA) to pharmacodynamic quantification of receptor tyrosine kinase homodimerization in response to direct ligand activation or transactivation by G protein-coupled receptors. A custom graphical user interface developed for MATLAB is used to extract quantal brightness and receptor density information from intensity histograms calculated from single fluorescence microscopy images. This approach allows measurement of monomer/oligomer protein mixtures within subcellular compartments using conventional confocal laser scanning microscopy. Application of quantitative pharmacological analysis to data obtained using SpIDA provides a universal method for comparing studies between cell lines and receptor systems. In addition, because of its compatibility with conventional immunostaining approaches, SpIDA is suitable not only for use in recombinant systems but also for the characterization of mechanisms involving endogenous proteins. Therefore, SpIDA enables these biological processes to be monitored directly in their native cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Barbeau
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada; Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Québec, Canada
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198
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Virtual screening of specific insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) inhibitors from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) molecular database. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:17185-209. [PMID: 23242155 PMCID: PMC3546745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131217185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) is an attractive drug target for cancer therapy and research on IGF1R inhibitors has had success in clinical trials. A particular challenge in the development of specific IGF1R inhibitors is interference from insulin receptor (IR), which has a nearly identical sequence. A few potent inhibitors that are selective for IGF1R have been discovered experimentally with the aid of computational methods. However, studies on the rapid identification of IGF1R-selective inhibitors using virtual screening and confidence-level inspections of ligands that show different interactions with IGF1R and IR in docking analysis are rare. In this study, we established virtual screening and binding-mode prediction workflows based on benchmark results of IGF1R and several kinase receptors with IGF1R-like structures. We used comprehensive analysis of the known complexes of IGF1R and IR with their binding ligands to screen specific IGF1R inhibitors. Using these workflows, 17 of 139,735 compounds in the NCI (National Cancer Institute) database were identified as potential specific inhibitors of IGF1R. Calculations of the potential of mean force (PMF) with GROMACS were further conducted for three of the identified compounds to assess their binding affinity differences towards IGF1R and IR.
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199
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Kaur M, Kumari A, Bahia MS, Silakari O. Designing of new multi-targeted inhibitors of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and zeta-associated protein of 70kDa (ZAP-70) using hierarchical virtual screening protocol. J Mol Graph Model 2012; 39:165-75. [PMID: 23280414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, diverse inhibitor molecules of two protein tyrosine kinases i.e. Syk and ZAP-70 were considered for the pharmacophore and docking analyses to design new multi-targeted agents for these enzymes. These enzymes are non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases and both are expressed mainly in B and T-lymphocytes where they play a crucial role in immune signaling. The role of these two enzymes in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases makes them potential therapeutic targets for the designing of new multi-targeted agents to combat disease conditions associated with them. The pharmacophore models were developed for Syk and ZAP-70 inhibitors using PHASE module of Schrödinger software. The generated pharmacophore models for both enzymes were clustered and top five models for each target were selected on the basis of survival minus inactive score that were subsequently used for the 3D-QSAR analysis. The best model for Syk (ADHR.45-5) and ZAP-70 (AADRR.265-3) were selected corresponding to highest value of Q(2). Both models were employed for the screening of a PHASE database of approximately 1.5 million compounds, subsequently the retrieved hits were screened employing docking simulations with Syk and ZAP-70 proteins. Finally, the screened compounds having structural features of both pharmacophore models and displaying essential interactions with both proteins were investigated for ADME properties. Thus, the new leads obtained in this way would show inhibitory activity against Syk and ZAP-70, and may serve as novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maninder Kaur
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
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200
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Zhou J, Alvarez-Elizondo MB, Botvinick E, George SC. Adenosine A(1) and prostaglandin E receptor 3 receptors mediate global airway contraction after local epithelial injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 48:299-305. [PMID: 23221044 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0174oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial injury and airway hyperresponsiveness are prominent features of asthma. We have previously demonstrated that laser ablation of single epithelial cells immediately induces global airway constriction through Ca(2+)-dependent smooth muscle shortening. The response is mediated by soluble mediators released from wounded single epithelial cells; however, the soluble mediators and signaling mechanisms have not been identified. In this study, we investigated the nature of the epithelial-derived soluble mediators and the associated signaling pathways that lead to the L-type voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channel (VGCC)-mediated Ca(2+) influx. We found that inhibition of adenosine A1 receptors (or removal of adenosine with adenosine deaminase), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 or prostaglandin E receptor 3 (EP3) receptors, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), or platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) all significantly blocked Ca(2+) oscillations in smooth muscle cells and airway contraction induced by local epithelial injury. Using selective agonists to activate the receptors in the presence and absence of selective receptor antagonists, we found that adenosine activated the signaling pathway A1R→EGFR/PDGFR→COX-2→EP3→VGCCs→calcium-induced calcium release, leading to intracellular Ca(2+) oscillations in airway smooth muscle cells and airway constriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2420 Engineering Hall, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2715, USA
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