151
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Pavon FJ, Polis I, Stouffer DG, Roberto M, Martin-Fardon R, Rodriguez de Fonseca F, Parsons LH, Serrano A. COX-2 Inhibition Antagonizes Intra-Accumbens 2-Arachidonoylglycerol-Mediated Reduction in Ethanol Self-Administration in Rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:2158-2165. [PMID: 32944989 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethanol (EtOH) self-administration is particularly sensitive to the modulation of CB1 signaling in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell, and EtOH consumption increases extracellular levels of the endogenous cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) in this brain region. Stimulation of CB1 receptor with agonists increases EtOH consumption, suggesting that EtOH-induced increases in 2-AG might sustain motivation for EtOH intake. METHODS In order to further explore this hypothesis, we analyzed the alterations in operant EtOH self-administration induced by intra-NAc shell infusions of 2-AG itself, the CB1 inverse agonist SR141716A, the 2-AG clearance inhibitor URB602, anandamide, and the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor nimesulide. RESULTS Surprisingly, self-administration of 10% EtOH was dose-dependently reduced by either intra-NAc shell SR141716A or 2-AG infusions. Similar effects were found by intra-NAc shell infusions of URB602, suggesting again a role for accumbal 2-AG on the modulation of EtOH intake. Intra-NAc shell anandamide did not alter EtOH self-administration, pointing to a specific role for 2-AG in the modulation of EtOH self-administration. Finally, the inhibitory effect of intra-NAc shell 2-AG on EtOH intake was significantly reversed by pretreatment with nimesulide, suggesting that oxidative metabolites of 2-AG might mediate these inhibitory effects on operant self-administration. CONCLUSIONS We propose that 2-AG signaling in the NAc exerts an inhibitory influence on EtOH consumption through a non-CB1 receptor mechanism involving the COX-2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Pavon
- From the, Department of Neuroscience, (FJP, IP, DGS, LHP, AS), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, (IBIMA) (FJP, FRF, AS), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Malaga, Spain
| | - Ilham Polis
- From the, Department of Neuroscience, (FJP, IP, DGS, LHP, AS), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - David G Stouffer
- From the, Department of Neuroscience, (FJP, IP, DGS, LHP, AS), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Marisa Roberto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, (MR, RM-F), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rémi Martin-Fardon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, (MR, RM-F), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Fernando Rodriguez de Fonseca
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, (IBIMA) (FJP, FRF, AS), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Malaga, Spain
| | - Loren H Parsons
- From the, Department of Neuroscience, (FJP, IP, DGS, LHP, AS), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Antonia Serrano
- From the, Department of Neuroscience, (FJP, IP, DGS, LHP, AS), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, (IBIMA) (FJP, FRF, AS), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Malaga, Spain
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152
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Figlewicz DP, Witkamp RF. FATTY ACIDS AS CELL SIGNALS IN INGESTIVE BEHAVIORS. Physiol Behav 2020; 223:112985. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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153
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Uliana DL, Antero LS, Borges-Assis AB, Rosa J, Vila-Verde C, Lisboa SF, Resstel LB. Differential modulation of the contextual conditioned emotional response by CB1 and TRPV1 receptors in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex: Possible involvement of NMDA/nitric oxide-related mechanisms. J Psychopharmacol 2020; 34:1043-1055. [PMID: 32638638 DOI: 10.1177/0269881120928201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blockade of cannabinoid CB1 or vanilloid TRPV1 receptors in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex of rats respectively increases or decreases the conditioned emotional response during re-exposure to a context previously paired with footshocks. Although these mechanisms are unknown, they may involve local modulation of glutamatergic and nitrergic signaling. AIM We investigated whether these mechanisms are involved in the reported effects of CB1 and TRPV1 modulation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. METHODS Freezing behavior and autonomic parameters were recorded during the conditioned response expression. RESULTS The CB1 receptors antagonist NIDA, or the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin (CPS) in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex increased the conditioned emotional response expression, and these effects were prevented by TRPV1 and CB1 antagonism, respectively. The increased conditioned emotional response evoked by NIDA and CPS were prevented by an NMDA antagonist or a neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. A nitric oxide scavenger or a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor prevented only the NIDA effects and the CPS effect was prevented by a non-selective antioxidant drug, as nitric oxide can also induce reactive oxygen species production. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that CB1 and TRPV1 receptors in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex differently modulate the expression of conditioned emotional response through glutamatergic and nitrergic mechanisms, although different pathways may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela L Uliana
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro S Antero
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna B Borges-Assis
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jessica Rosa
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Vila-Verde
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina F Lisboa
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Translational Medicine, Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Bm Resstel
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Translational Medicine, Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Brasília, Brazil
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154
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Gao W, Walther A, Wekenborg M, Penz M, Kirschbaum C. Determination of endocannabinoids and N-acylethanolamines in human hair with LC-MS/MS and their relation to symptoms of depression, burnout, and anxiety. Talanta 2020; 217:121006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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155
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Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a highly versatile signaling system within the nervous system. Despite its widespread localization, its functions within the context of distinct neural processes are very well discernable and specific. This is remarkable, and the question remains as to how such specificity is achieved. One key player in the ECS is the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1), a G protein-coupled receptor characterized by the complexity of its cell-specific expression, cellular and subcellular localization, and its adaptable regulation of intracellular signaling cascades. CB1 receptors are involved in different synaptic and cellular plasticity processes and in the brain's bioenergetics in a context-specific manner. CB2 receptors are also important in several processes in neurons, glial cells, and immune cells of the brain. As polymorphisms in ECS components, as well as external impacts such as stress and metabolic challenges, can both lead to dysregulated ECS activity and subsequently to possible neuropsychiatric disorders, pharmacological intervention targeting the ECS is a promising therapeutic approach. Understanding the neurobiology of cannabinoid receptor signaling in depth will aid optimal design of therapeutic interventions, minimizing unwanted side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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156
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Morrison PD, Murray RM. Cannabis points to the synaptic pathology of mental disorders: how aberrant synaptic components disrupt the highest psychological functions
. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 22:251-258. [PMID: 33162768 PMCID: PMC7605021 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2020.22.3/pmorrison] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis can elicit an acute psychotic reaction, and its long-term use is a risk
factor for schizophrenia. The main active psychoactive ingredient
∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) activates cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptors, which are
localized to the terminals of glutamate and GABA neurons in the brain. The endogenous
cannabinoids are involved in information processing and plasticity at synapses in the
hippocampus, basal ganglia, and cerebral cortex. Exogenously applied CB1 receptor
agonists disrupt neuronal dynamics and synaptic plasticity, resulting in cognitive
deficits and impairment of the highest psychological functions. Various other
pro-psychotic drugs, such as ketamine and methamphetamine, exert their effects in the
same microdomain of synaptic spines as Δ9-THC. Additionally, many of the most robust
findings in psychiatric genetics include components that localize to dendritic spines
and have important roles in information processing and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Morrison
- The Argyll Bute Hospital, Lochgilphead, NHS Highland, Scotland, UK; The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Robin M Murray
- The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
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157
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Maia J, Fonseca BM, Cunha SC, Braga J, Gonçalves D, Teixeira N, Correia-da-Silva G. Impact of tetrahydrocannabinol on the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol metabolism: ABHD6 and ABHD12 as novel players in human placenta. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158807. [PMID: 32829065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis use has been increasing worldwide for recreational and medical purposes. Consumption by pregnant women is associated with disturbances in pregnancy outcome, such as low birth weight, prematurity and intrauterine growth retardation, though the underlying biochemical mechanisms are unknown. The endocannabinoid system is involved in several reproductive events and the disruption of its homeostasis by ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive cannabinoid, may lead to a negative gestational outcome. In human placenta, THC impairs the levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA). The other major endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) also plays an important role on proper placentation and pregnancy success. However, THC impact on 2-AG homeostasis has never been addressed. Hence, the effects of THC in 2-AG levels and metabolic enzymes expression were explored. Long-term treatment impairs the expression of the main 2-AG synthetic and degradative enzymes. Curiously, with the highest concentration, despite the maintenance of diacylglycerol lipase alpha (DAGLα) and the decrease in monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) expression, 2-AG levels remain constant. Given the endocannabinoid signalling local tight regulation, we hypothesize the involvement of other 2-AG degradative enzymes. Indeed, THC increases the expression of the hydrolyzing enzymes alpha beta hydrolase domain-6 (ABHD6) and -12 (ABHD12), that we firstly describe in human placental tissues. The results show that THC, depending on time of exposure, induces alterations in 2-AG metabolic enzymes expression in placental explants, highlighting the importance of 2-AG regulation and endocannabinoid signalling in placental development. Alterations in this homeostasis may explain the negative pregnancy outcome related to cannabis consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Maia
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno M Fonseca
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara C Cunha
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Braga
- Departamento da Mulher e da Medicina Reprodutiva, Serviço de Obstetrícia, Centro Materno-Infantil do Norte-Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Gonçalves
- Departamento da Mulher e da Medicina Reprodutiva, Serviço de Obstetrícia, Centro Materno-Infantil do Norte-Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Natércia Teixeira
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Georgina Correia-da-Silva
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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158
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Rodrigues MS, Ferreira C, Dias C, Pliássova A, Souza L, Ledo A, Laranjinha J, Cunha RA, Köfalvi A. An optimized spectrophotometric assay reveals increased activity of enzymes involved in 2-arachidonoyl glycerol turnover in the cerebral cortex of a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 55:1051-1062. [PMID: 32813905 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is implicated in a plethora of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, it is technically challenging to assess the turnover of 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), the principal endocannabinoid molecule in the brain. Two recent studies showed that diacylglycerol lipase α (DAGLα), an enzyme chiefly responsible for the cerebral production of 2-AG, also accepts the surrogate chromogenic substrate 4-nitrophenyl butyrate (4-NPB). Here, we aimed to optimize this spectrophotometric assay for ex vivo brain tissue, in particular, rat cerebrocortical homogenates, to measure the activity of the major enzymes responsible for the production and degradation of 2-AG. The initial velocity of 4-NPB hydrolysis was dependent on protein, substrate, and Ca2+ concentrations, and was sensitive to the non-selective serine hydrolase inhibitor, methoxy arachidonyl fluorophosphonate, the DAGLα inhibitors, OMDM188, tetrahydrolipstatin, and RHC80267, as well as the monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitor, JZL184, respectively. Next, we tested the usefulness of this assay in ex vivo brain tissue of rat models of human health conditions known to affect cerebrocortical 2-AG production, i.e. pathological stress and sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). In rats submitted to chronic restraint stress, cortical CB1 R density was significantly decreased, as assessed with radioligand binding. Nevertheless, 4-NPB hydrolysis remained at control levels. However, in rats 4 weeks after intracerebroventricular injection with streptozotocin - an established model of sporadic AD -, both CB1 R levels and 4-NPB hydrolysis and its DAGL- and MAGL-dependent fractions were significantly increased. Altogether, we optimized a simple complementary ex vivo technique for the quantification of DAGL and MAGL activity in brain samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde S Rodrigues
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Ferreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cândida Dias
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anna Pliássova
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lisiane Souza
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Ledo
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Laranjinha
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Attila Köfalvi
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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159
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Fontaine CJ, Gräfe EL, Pinar C, Bonilla-Del Río I, Grandes P, Christie BR. Endocannabinoid receptors contribute significantly to multiple forms of long-term depression in the rat dentate gyrus. LEARNING & MEMORY (COLD SPRING HARBOR, N.Y.) 2020; 27:380-389. [PMID: 32817304 PMCID: PMC7433656 DOI: 10.1101/lm.050666.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptors are widely expressed throughout the hippocampal formation, but are particularly dense in the dentate gyrus (DG) subregion. We, and others, have shown in mice that cannabinoid type 1 receptors (CB1Rs) are involved in a long-term depression (LTD) that can be induced by prolonged 10 Hz stimulation of the medial perforant path (MPP)-granule cell synaptic input to the DG. Here, we extend this work to examine the involvement of CB1Rs in other common forms of LTD in the hippocampus of juvenile male and female Sprague–Dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus). We found, as in mice, that prolonged 10 Hz stimulation (6000 pulses) could reliably induce a form of LTD that was dependent upon CB1R activation. In addition, we also discovered a role for both CB1R and mGluR proteins in LTD induced with 1 Hz low-frequency stimulation (1 Hz-LTD; 900 pulses) and in LTD induced by bath application of the group I mGluR agonist (RS)-3,5-Dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG; DHPG-LTD). This study elucidates an essential role for endocannabinoid receptors in a number of forms of LTD in the rat DG, and identifies a novel role for CB1Rs as potential therapeutic targets for conditions that involve impaired LTD in the DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine J Fontaine
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Erin L Gräfe
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Cristina Pinar
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Itziar Bonilla-Del Río
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48940 Leioa, Spain.,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Pedro Grandes
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48940 Leioa, Spain.,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Brian R Christie
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada.,Island Medical Program and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Victoria, British Columbia, USA
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160
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Dagan Y, Yager J. Cannabis and Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Narrative Review With Considerations of Benefits and Harms. J Nerv Ment Dis 2020; 208:619-627. [PMID: 32433200 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite substantial controversies concerning patients' reports of benefits from cannabis for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and inconsistent research findings regarding its efficacy and adverse risks, some states have already recognized PTSD as a qualifying condition for medical cannabis. Consequently, medical cannabis can also be provided for patients with complex PTSD who experience additional posttraumatic symptoms of affective dysregulation, negative perception of the self, and difficulties in relationships due to a history of repetitive trauma. In this article, we explore cannabis use in relation to benefits versus harms that might occur relative to specific complex PTSD symptoms and comorbidities. Whereas some symptoms related to PTSD per se (e.g., anxiety, insomnia, nightmares) may be benefited, others that are more characteristic of complex PTSD (e.g., dissociation, reckless behavior, and substance abuse associated with dysregulated affect) may be aggravated. Therefore, clinicians treating patients with complex PTSD who use or seek cannabis should carefully assess patients' motivations and the impacts of particular use patterns on specific symptoms. Clinicians and patients should be aware of and fully discuss the significant number of potential adverse effects of cannabis use, several of which might impede patients' participation in beneficial psychotherapeutic, social, and medical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Dagan
- Jerusalem Mental Health Center, Kfar Shaul Psychiatric Hospital affiliated with The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joel Yager
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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161
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Receptors and Channels Possibly Mediating the Effects of Phytocannabinoids on Seizures and Epilepsy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13080174. [PMID: 32751761 PMCID: PMC7463541 DOI: 10.3390/ph13080174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy contributes to approximately 1% of the global disease burden. By affecting especially young children as well as older persons of all social and racial variety, epilepsy is a present disorder worldwide. Currently, only 65% of epileptic patients can be successfully treated with antiepileptic drugs. For this reason, alternative medicine receives more attention. Cannabis has been cultivated for over 6000 years to treat pain and insomnia and used since the 19th century to suppress epileptic seizures. The two best described phytocannabinoids, (−)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are claimed to have positive effects on different neurological as well as neurodegenerative diseases, including epilepsy. There are different cannabinoids which act through different types of receptors and channels, including the cannabinoid receptor 1 and 2 (CB1, CB2), G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) and 18 (GPR18), opioid receptor µ and δ, transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) and 2 (TRPV2), type A γ-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABAAR) and voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC). The mechanisms and importance of the interaction between phytocannabinoids and their different sites of action regarding epileptic seizures and their clinical value are described in this review.
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162
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Piette C, Cui Y, Gervasi N, Venance L. Lights on Endocannabinoid-Mediated Synaptic Potentiation. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:132. [PMID: 32848597 PMCID: PMC7399367 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid (eCB) system is a lipid-based neurotransmitter complex that plays crucial roles in the neural control of learning and memory. The current model of eCB-mediated retrograde signaling is that eCBs released from postsynaptic elements travel retrogradely to presynaptic axon terminals, where they activate cannabinoid type-1 receptors (CB1Rs) and ultimately decrease neurotransmitter release on a short- or long-term scale. An increasing body of evidence has enlarged this view and shows that eCBs, besides depressing synaptic transmission, are also able to increase neurotransmitter release at multiple synapses of the brain. This indicates that eCBs act as bidirectional regulators of synaptic transmission and plasticity. Recently, studies unveiled links between the expression of eCB-mediated long-term potentiation (eCB-LTP) and learning, and between its dysregulation and several pathologies. In this review article, we first distinguish the various forms of eCB-LTP based on their mechanisms, resulting from homosynaptically or heterosynaptically-mediated processes. Next, we consider the neuromodulation of eCB-LTP, its behavioral impact on learning and memory, and finally, eCB-LTP disruptions in various pathologies and its potential as a therapeutic target in disorders such as stress coping, addiction, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, and pain. Cannabis is gaining popularity as a recreational substance as well as a medicine, and multiple eCB-based drugs are under development. In this context, it is critical to understand eCB-mediated signaling in its multi-faceted complexity. Indeed, the bidirectional nature of eCB-based neuromodulation may offer an important key to interpret the functions of the eCB system and how it is impacted by cannabis and other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Piette
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, INSERM U1050, CNRS UMR7241, Labex Memolife, Paris, France
| | - Yihui Cui
- Department of Neurobiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nicolas Gervasi
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, INSERM U1050, CNRS UMR7241, Labex Memolife, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Venance
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, INSERM U1050, CNRS UMR7241, Labex Memolife, Paris, France
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163
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Li R, Huang Z, Luo J, Luo H, Wang W. Downregulation of the CB1-Mediated Endocannabinoid Signaling Underlies D-Galactose-Induced Memory Impairment. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:130. [PMID: 32848596 PMCID: PMC7399637 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Imbalance in redox homeostasis is a major cause of age-related cognitive impairment. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a key player in regulating synaptic transmission, plasticity and memory. Increasing evidence indicates an important interplay between the two systems. However, how excessive oxidative stress could alter ECS and that, in turn, impairs its modulatory role in synaptic plasticity and cognitive function remains elusive. In the present study, we examined this causal link in D-galactose-induced oxidative rats. First, the reactive oxygen species generating enzymes, especially nitric oxide synthase (NOS), indeed show an elevated expression in D-galactose-treated rats, and this was correlated to an impaired hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and spatial memory loss in animal behavioral tests. Second, the cannabinoid receptor type I (CB1)-mediated signaling is known to regulate synaptic plasticity. We show that a decrease in CB1 and increase in degradation enzymes for CB1 ligand endocannabinoid anandamide all occurred to D-galactose-treated rats. Surprisingly, application of low-dose anandamide, known to reduce LTP under physiological condition, now acted to enhance LTP in D-galactose-treated rats, most likely resulted from the inhibition of GABAergic synapses. Furthermore, this reversal behavior of CB1-signaling could be fully simulated by a NOS inhibitor, diphenyleneiodonium. These observations suggest that interaction between redox dysfunction and ECS should contribute significantly to the impaired synaptic plasticity and memory loss in D-galactose-treated rats. Therefore, therapies focusing on the balance of these two systems may shed lights on the treatment of age-related cognitive impairment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Huang
- Department of Anesthesia, Wuhan Fourth Hospital and Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Luo
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyan Luo
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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164
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Ivy D, Palese F, Vozella V, Fotio Y, Yalcin A, Ramirez G, Mears D, Wynn G, Piomelli D. Cannabinoid CB 2 receptors mediate the anxiolytic-like effects of monoacylglycerol lipase inhibition in a rat model of predator-induced fear. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:1330-1338. [PMID: 32375160 PMCID: PMC7298057 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0696-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is a key regulator of the response to psychological stress. Inhibitors of monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL), the enzyme that deactivates the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol (2-AG), exert anxiolytic-like effects in rodent models via 2-AG-dependent activation of CB1 cannabinoid receptors. In the present study, we examined whether the MGL inhibitor JZL184 might modulate persistent predator-induced fear in rats, a model that captures features of human post-traumatic stress disorder. Exposure to 2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline (TMT), a volatile chemical that is innately aversive to some rodent species, produced in male rats a long-lasting anxiety-like state that was measured 7 days later in the elevated plus maze test. Systemic administration of JZL184 [4, 8 and 16 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (IP)] 4 h before testing caused dose-dependent inhibition of MGL activity and elevation of 2-AG content in brain tissue. Concomitantly, the inhibitor suppressed TMT-induced fear behaviors with a median effective dose (ED50) of 4 mg/kg. A similar behavioral response was observed with another MGL inhibitor, KML29 (4 and 16 mg/kg, IP). Surprisingly, the effect of JZL184 was prevented by co-administration of the CB2 inverse agonist AM630 (5 mg/kg, IP), but not the CB1 inverse agonist rimonabant (1 mg/kg, IP). Supporting mediation of the response by CB2 receptors, the CB2 agonist JWH133 (0.3, 1 and 3 mg/kg, IP) also produced anxiolytic-like effects in TMT-stressed rats, which were suppressed by AM630. Notably, (i) JWH133 was behaviorally ineffective in animals that had no prior experience with TMT; and (ii) CB2 mRNA levels in rat prefrontal cortex were elevated 7 days after exposure to the aversive odorant. The results suggest that JZL184 attenuates the behavioral consequences of predator stress through a mechanism that requires 2-AG-mediated activation of CB2 receptors, whose transcription may be induced by the stress itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon Ivy
- 0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, 3103 Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, Irvine, CA 92697-4625 USA
| | - Francesca Palese
- 0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, 3103 Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, Irvine, CA 92697-4625 USA
| | - Valentina Vozella
- 0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, 3103 Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, Irvine, CA 92697-4625 USA
| | - Yannick Fotio
- 0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, 3103 Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, Irvine, CA 92697-4625 USA
| | - Aylin Yalcin
- 0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, 3103 Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, Irvine, CA 92697-4625 USA
| | - Gina Ramirez
- 0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, 3103 Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, Irvine, CA 92697-4625 USA
| | - David Mears
- 0000 0001 0421 5525grid.265436.0Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Service University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD USA ,0000 0001 0421 5525grid.265436.0Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Service University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Gary Wynn
- 0000 0001 0421 5525grid.265436.0Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Service University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, 3103 Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, Irvine, CA, 92697-4625, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, 92697, CA, USA. .,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, 92697, CA, USA.
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165
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Fernández-Ruiz J, Galve-Roperh I, Sagredo O, Guzmán M. Possible therapeutic applications of cannabis in the neuropsychopharmacology field. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 36:217-234. [PMID: 32057592 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis use induces a plethora of actions on the CNS via its active chemical ingredients, the so-called phytocannabinoids. These compounds have been frequently associated with the intoxicating properties of cannabis preparations. However, not all phytocannabinoids are psychotropic, and, irrespective of whether they are psychotropic or not, they have also shown numerous therapeutic properties. These properties are mostly associated with their ability to modulate the activity of an intercellular communication system, the so-called endocannabinoid system, which is highly active in the CNS and has been found altered in many neurological disorders. Specifically, this includes the neuropsychopharmacology field, with diseases such as schizophrenia and related psychoses, anxiety-related disorders, mood disorders, addiction, sleep disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, anorexia nervosa and other feeding-related disorders, dementia, epileptic syndromes, as well as autism, fragile X syndrome and other neurodevelopment-related disorders. Here, we gather, from a pharmacological and biochemical standpoint, the recent advances in the study of the therapeutic relevance of the endocannabinoid system in the CNS, with especial emphasis on the neuropsychopharmacology field. We also illustrate the efforts that are currently being made to investigate at the clinical level the potential therapeutic benefits derived from elevating or inhibiting endocannabinoid signaling in animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Fernández-Ruiz
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Complutense, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ismael Galve-Roperh
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Complutense, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Onintza Sagredo
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Complutense, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Guzmán
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Complutense, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
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166
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Vielma AH, Tapia F, Alcaino A, Fuenzalida M, Schmachtenberg O, Chávez AE. Cannabinoid Signaling Selectively Modulates GABAergic Inhibitory Input to OFF Bipolar Cells in Rat Retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:3. [PMID: 32150246 PMCID: PMC7401570 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.3.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In the mammalian retina, cannabinoid type 1 receptors (CB1Rs) are well-positioned to alter inhibitory synaptic function from amacrine cells and, thus, might influence visual signal processing in the inner retina. However, it is not known if CB1R modulates amacrine cells feedback inhibition at retinal bipolar cell (BC) terminals. Methods Using whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings, we examined the pharmacological effect of CB1R activation and inhibition on spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) and glutamate-evoked IPSCs (gIPSCs) from identified OFF BCs in light-adapted rat retinal slices. Results Activation of CB1R with WIN55212-2 selectively increased the frequency of GABAergic, but not glycinergic sIPSC in types 2, 3a, and 3b OFF BCs, and had no effect on inhibitory activity in type 4 OFF BCs. The increase in GABAergic activity was eliminated in axotomized BCs and can be suppressed by blocking CB1R with AM251 or GABAA and GABAρ receptors with SR-95531 and TPMPA, respectively. In all OFF BC types tested, a brief application of glutamate to the outer plexiform layer elicited gIPSCs comprising GABAergic and glycinergic components that were unaffected by CB1R activation. However, blocking CB1R selectively increased GABAergic gIPSCs, supporting a role for endocannabinoid signaling in the regulation of glutamate-evoked GABAergic inhibitory feedback to OFF BCs. Conclusions CB1R activation shape types 2, 3a, and 3b OFF BC responses by selectively regulate GABAergic feedback inhibition at their axon terminals, thus cannabinoid signaling might play an important role in the fine-tuning of visual signal processing in the mammalian inner retina.
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167
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Fletcher-Jones A, Hildick KL, Evans AJ, Nakamura Y, Henley JM, Wilkinson KA. Protein Interactors and Trafficking Pathways That Regulate the Cannabinoid Type 1 Receptor (CB1R). Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:108. [PMID: 32595453 PMCID: PMC7304349 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) acts as a negative feedback mechanism to suppress synaptic transmission and plays a major role in a diverse range of brain functions including, for example, the regulation of mood, energy balance, and learning and memory. The function and dysfunction of the ECS are strongly implicated in multiple psychiatric, neurological, and neurodegenerative diseases. Cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R) is the most abundant G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) expressed in the brain and, as for any synaptic receptor, CB1R needs to be in the right place at the right time to respond appropriately to changing synaptic circumstances. While CB1R is found intracellularly throughout neurons, its surface expression is highly polarized to the axonal membrane, consistent with its functional expression at presynaptic sites. Surprisingly, despite the importance of CB1R, the interacting proteins and molecular mechanisms that regulate the highly polarized distribution and function of CB1R remain relatively poorly understood. Here we set out what is currently known about the trafficking pathways and protein interactions that underpin the surface expression and axonal polarity of CB1R, and highlight key questions that still need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Fletcher-Jones
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Keri L Hildick
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley J Evans
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Yasuko Nakamura
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy M Henley
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin A Wilkinson
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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168
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Kabeiseman E, Paulsen R, Burrell BD. Characterization of a monoacylglycerol lipase in the medicinal leech, Hirudo verbana. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 243-244:110433. [PMID: 32205202 PMCID: PMC7245046 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids are a class of lipid neuromodulators found throughout the animal kingdom. Among the endocannabinoids, 2-arachydonoyl glycerol (2-AG) is the most prevalent endocannabinoid and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a serine hydrolase primarily responsible for metabolizing 2-AG in mammals. In the medicinal leech, Hirudo verbana, 2-AG has been found to be an important and multi-functional modulator of synaptic transmission and behavior. However, very little is known about the molecular components of its synthesis and degradation. In this study we have identified cDNA in Hirudo that encodes a putative MAGL (HirMAGL). The encoded protein exhibits considerable sequence and structural conservation with mammalian forms of MAGL, especially in the catalytic triad that mediates 2-AG metabolism. Additionally, HirMAGL transcripts are detected in the Hirudo central nervous system. When expressed in HEK 293 cells HirMAGL segregates to the plasma membrane as expected. It also exhibits serine hydrolase activity that is blocked when a critical active site residue is mutated. HirMAGL also demonstrates the capacity to metabolize 2-AG and this capacity is also prevented when the active site is mutated. Finally, HirMAGL activity is inhibited by JZL184 and MJN110, specific inhibitors of mammalian MAGL. To our knowledge these findings represent the first characterization of an invertebrate form of MAGL and show that HirMAGL exhibits many of the same properties as mammalian MAGL's that are responsible for 2-AG metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Kabeiseman
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Center for Brain and Behavior Research (CBBRe), Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, United States
| | - Riley Paulsen
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Center for Brain and Behavior Research (CBBRe), Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, United States; USD Neuroscience, Nanotechnology, and Networks Program (USD-N3), Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069,United States
| | - Brian D Burrell
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Center for Brain and Behavior Research (CBBRe), Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, United States; USD Neuroscience, Nanotechnology, and Networks Program (USD-N3), Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069,United States.
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169
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Cannabinoid receptor CNR1 expression and DNA methylation in human prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and caudate in brain development and schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:158. [PMID: 32433545 PMCID: PMC7237456 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0832-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond being one the most widely used psychoactive drugs in the world, cannabis has been identified as an environmental risk factor for psychosis. Though the relationship between cannabis use and psychiatric disorders remains controversial, consistent association between early adolescent cannabis use and the subsequent risk of psychosis suggested adolescence may be a particularly vulnerable period. Previous findings on gene by environment interactions indicated that cannabis use may only increase the risk for psychosis in the subjects who have a specific genetic vulnerability. The type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1), encoded by the CNR1 gene, is a key component of the endocannabinoid system. As the primary endocannabinoid receptor in the brain, CB1 is the main molecular target of the endocannabinoid ligand, as well as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the principal psychoactive ingredient of cannabis. In this study, we have examined mRNA expression and DNA methylation of CNR1 in human prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, and caudate samples. The expression of CNR1 is higher in fetal PFC and hippocampus, then drops down dramatically after birth. The lifespan trajectory of CNR1 expression in the DLPFC differentially correlated with age by allelic variation at rs4680, a functional polymorphism in the COMT gene. Compared with COMT methionine158 carriers, Caucasian carriers of the COMT valine158 allele have a stronger negative correlation between the expression of CNR1 in DLPFC and age. In contrast, the methylation level of cg02498983, which is negatively correlated with the expression of CNR1 in PFC, showed the strongest positive correlation with age in PFC of Caucasian carriers of COMT valine158. Additionally, we have observed decreased mRNA expression of CNR1 in the DLPFC of patients with schizophrenia. Further analysis revealed a positive eQTL SNP, rs806368, which predicted the expression of a novel transcript of CNR1 in human DLPFC, hippocampus and caudate. This SNP has been associated with addiction and other psychiatric disorders. THC or ethanol are each significantly associated with dysregulated expression of CNR1 in the PFC of patients with affective disorder, and the expression of CNR1 is significantly upregulated in the PFC of schizophrenia patients who completed suicide. Our results support previous studies that have implicated the endocannabinoid system in the pathology of schizophrenia and provided additional insight into the mechanism of increasing risk for schizophrenia in the adolescent cannabis users.
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170
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Pedro JR, Moura LIF, Valério-Fernandes Â, Baptista FI, Gaspar JM, Pinheiro BS, Lemos C, Kaufmann FN, Morgado C, Silva-Santos CSD, Tavares I, Ferreira SG, Carvalho E, Ambrósio AF, Cunha RA, Duarte JMN, Köfalvi A. Transient gain of function of cannabinoid CB 1 receptors in the control of frontocortical glucose consumption in a rat model of Type-1 diabetes. Brain Res Bull 2020; 161:106-115. [PMID: 32428627 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Here we aimed to unify some previous controversial reports on changes in both cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) expression and glucose metabolism in the forebrain of rodent models of diabetes. We determined how glucose metabolism and its modulation by CB1R ligands evolve in the frontal cortex of young adult male Wistar rats, in the first 8 weeks of streptozotocin-induced type-1 diabetes (T1D). We report that frontocortical CB1R protein density was biphasically altered in the first month of T1D, which was accompanied with a reduction of resting glucose uptake ex vivo in acute frontocortical slices that was normalized after eight weeks in T1D. This early reduction of glucose uptake in slices was also restored by ex vivo treatment with both the non-selective CB1R agonists, WIN55212-2 (500 nM) and the CB1R-selective agonist, ACEA (3 μM) while it was exacerbated by the CB1R-selective antagonist, O-2050 (500 nM). These results suggest a gain-of-function for the cerebrocortical CB1Rs in the control of glucose uptake in diabetes. Although insulin and IGF-1 receptor protein densities remained unaffected, phosphorylated GSKα and GSKβ levels showed different profiles 2 and 8 weeks after T1D induction in the frontal cortex. Altogether, the biphasic response in frontocortical CB1R density within a month after T1D induction resolves previous controversial reports on forebrain CB1R levels in T1D rodent models. Furthermore, this study also hints that cannabinoids may be useful to alleviate impaired glucoregulation in the diabetic cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Reis Pedro
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Liane I F Moura
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ângela Valério-Fernandes
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Filipa I Baptista
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana M Gaspar
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bárbara S Pinheiro
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Lemos
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Carla Morgado
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla S da Silva-Santos
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isaura Tavares
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; I3S Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Samira G Ferreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eugénia Carvalho
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal; The Portuguese Diabetes Association (APDP), Lisbon, Portugal; Arkansas Children's Research Institute, and Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - António F Ambrósio
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João M N Duarte
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Attila Köfalvi
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Gomes-de-Souza L, Costa-Ferreira W, Oliveira LA, Benini R, Crestani CC. Cannabinoid receptor type 1 in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis modulates cardiovascular responses to stress via local N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor/neuronal nitric oxide synthase/soluble guanylate cyclase/protein kinase G signaling. J Psychopharmacol 2020; 34:429-440. [PMID: 31913077 DOI: 10.1177/0269881119897556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocannabinoid neurotransmission in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis is involved in the control of cardiovascular responses to stress. However, the local mechanisms involved is this regulation are not known. AIMS The purpose of this study was to assess an interaction of bed nucleus of the stria terminalis endocannabinoid neurotransmission with local nitrergic signaling, as well as to investigate the involvement of local N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor and nitric oxide signaling in the control of cardiovascular responses to acute restraint stress by bed nucleus of the stria terminalis endocannabinoid neurotransmission in rats. METHODS The first protocol evaluated the effect of intra-bed nucleus of the stria terminalis microinjection of the selective cannabinoid receptor type 1 receptor antagonist AM251 in nitrite/nitrate content in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis following restraint stress. The other protocols evaluated the impact of local pretreatment with the selective N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor antagonist LY235959, the selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Nω-propyl-L-arginine, the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one, or the protein kinase G inhibitor KT5823 in restraint-evoked cardiovascular changes following bed nucleus of the stria terminalis treatment with AM251. RESULTS Bilateral microinjection of AM251 into the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis increased local nitric oxide release during restraint stress. Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis treatment with the cannabinoid receptor type 1 receptor antagonist also enhanced the tachycardia caused by restraint stress, but without affecting arterial pressure increase and sympathetic-mediated cutaneous vasoconstriction. The facilitation of restraint-evoked tachycardia following bed nucleus of the stria terminalis treatment with the cannabinoid receptor type 1 receptor antagonist was completely inhibited by local pretreatment with LY235959, Nω-propyl-L-arginine, 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one, or KT5823. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence that bed nucleus of the stria terminalis endocannabinoid neurotransmission inhibits local N-methyl-D-aspartate/neuronal nitric oxide synthase/soluble guanylate cyclase/protein kinase G signaling, and this mechanism is involved in the control of the cardiovascular responses to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Gomes-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil.,Joint Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar)-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Willian Costa-Ferreira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil.,Joint Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar)-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Leandro A Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil.,Joint Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar)-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Benini
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil.,Joint Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar)-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil.,Joint Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar)-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, Brazil
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172
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Liu GL, Cui YF, Lu C, Zhao P. Ketamine a dissociative anesthetic: Neurobiology and biomolecular exploration in depression. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 319:109006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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173
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Bilbao A, Neuhofer D, Sepers M, Wei SP, Eisenhardt M, Hertle S, Lassalle O, Ramos-Uriarte A, Puente N, Lerner R, Thomazeau A, Grandes P, Lutz B, Manzoni OJ, Spanagel R. Endocannabinoid LTD in Accumbal D1 Neurons Mediates Reward-Seeking Behavior. iScience 2020; 23:100951. [PMID: 32179475 PMCID: PMC7068121 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays a key role in drug-related behavior and natural reward learning. Synaptic plasticity in dopamine D1 and D2 receptor medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the NAc and the endogenous cannabinoid (eCB) system have been implicated in reward seeking. However, the precise molecular and physiological basis of reward-seeking behavior remains unknown. We found that the specific deletion of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) in D1-expressing MSNs (D1miRmGluR5 mice) abolishes eCB-mediated long-term depression (LTD) and prevents the expression of drug (cocaine and ethanol), natural reward (saccharin), and brain-stimulation-seeking behavior. In vivo enhancement of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) eCB signaling within the NAc core restores both eCB-LTD and reward-seeking behavior in D1miRmGluR5 mice. The data suggest a model where the eCB and glutamatergic systems of the NAc act in concert to mediate reward-seeking responses. mGluR5-D1-CB1-induced eCB-LTD mediates drugs of abuse and natural reward seeking eCB-LTD in D2-MSNs plays no important role in processing of reward-seeking responses Loss of eCB-LTD is a consequence of higher MAGL activity and lower CB1R expression Acute drug administration stops craving for alternative rewards on following days
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Bilbao
- Behavioral Genetics Research Group, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Daniela Neuhofer
- INSERM U1249, Parc Scientifique de Luminy - BP 13 - 13273, Marseille Cedex 09, France; Aix-Marseille University, Jardindu Pharo, 58 Boulevard Charles Livon, Marseille, 13007, France
| | - Marja Sepers
- INSERM U1249, Parc Scientifique de Luminy - BP 13 - 13273, Marseille Cedex 09, France; Aix-Marseille University, Jardindu Pharo, 58 Boulevard Charles Livon, Marseille, 13007, France
| | - Shou-Peng Wei
- Behavioral Genetics Research Group, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Manuela Eisenhardt
- Behavioral Genetics Research Group, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sarah Hertle
- Behavioral Genetics Research Group, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Olivier Lassalle
- INSERM U1249, Parc Scientifique de Luminy - BP 13 - 13273, Marseille Cedex 09, France; Aix-Marseille University, Jardindu Pharo, 58 Boulevard Charles Livon, Marseille, 13007, France; Cannalab, Cannabinoids Neuroscience Research International Associated Laboratory, INSERM-Indiana University, 107 S Indiana Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Almudena Ramos-Uriarte
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Nagore Puente
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Raissa Lerner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Aurore Thomazeau
- INSERM U1249, Parc Scientifique de Luminy - BP 13 - 13273, Marseille Cedex 09, France; Aix-Marseille University, Jardindu Pharo, 58 Boulevard Charles Livon, Marseille, 13007, France
| | - Pedro Grandes
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Olivier J Manzoni
- INSERM U1249, Parc Scientifique de Luminy - BP 13 - 13273, Marseille Cedex 09, France; Aix-Marseille University, Jardindu Pharo, 58 Boulevard Charles Livon, Marseille, 13007, France; Cannalab, Cannabinoids Neuroscience Research International Associated Laboratory, INSERM-Indiana University, 107 S Indiana Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
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174
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Haq I, Kilaru A. An endocannabinoid catabolic enzyme FAAH and its paralogs in an early land plant reveal evolutionary and functional relationship with eukaryotic orthologs. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3115. [PMID: 32080293 PMCID: PMC7033180 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59948-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoids were known to exist only among Animalia but recent report of their occurrence in early land plants prompted us to study its function and metabolism. In mammals, anandamide, as an endocannabinoid ligand, mediates several neurological and physiological processes, which are terminated by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). We identified nine orthologs of FAAH in the moss Physcomitrella patens (PpFAAH1 to PpFAAH9) with amidase signature and catalytic triad. The optimal amidase activity for PpFAAH1 was at 37 °C and pH 8.0, with higher specificity to anandamide. Further, the phylogeny and predicted structural analyses of the nine paralogs revealed that PpFAAH1 to PpFAAH4 were closely related to plant FAAH while PpFAAH6 to PpFAAH9 were to the rat FAAH, categorized based on the membrane binding cap, membrane access channel and substrate binding pocket. We also identified that a true 'dynamic paddle' that is responsible for tighter regulation of FAAH is recent in vertebrates and absent or not fully emerged in plants and non-vertebrates. These data reveal evolutionary and functional relationship among eukaryotic FAAH orthologs and features that contribute to versatility and tighter regulation of FAAH. Future studies will utilize FAAH mutants of moss to elucidate the role of anandamide in early land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imdadul Haq
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Aruna Kilaru
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA.
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175
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Daniju Y, Bossong MG, Brandt K, Allen P. Do the effects of cannabis on the hippocampus and striatum increase risk for psychosis? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 112:324-335. [PMID: 32057817 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis use is associated with increased risk of psychotic symptoms and in a small number of cases it can lead to psychoses. This review examines the neurobiological mechanisms that mediate the link between cannabis use and psychosis risk. We use an established preclinical model of psychosis, the methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) rodent model, as a framework to examine if psychosis risk in some cannabis users is mediated by the effects of cannabis on the hippocampus, and this region's role in the regulation of mesolimbic dopamine. We also examine how cannabis affects excitatory neurotransmission known to regulate hippocampal neural activity and output. Whilst there is clear evidence that cannabis/cannabinoids can affect hippocampal and medial temporal lobe function and structure, the evidence that cannabis/cannabinoids increase striatal dopamine function is less robust. There is limited evidence that cannabis use affects cortical and striatal glutamate levels, but there are currently too few studies to draw firm conclusions. Future work is needed to test the MAM model in relation to cannabis using multimodal neuroimaging approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Daniju
- Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - M G Bossong
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - K Brandt
- Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - P Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, UK; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA.
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176
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CB 1 Activity Drives the Selection of Navigational Strategies: A Behavioral and c-Fos Immunoreactivity Study. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031072. [PMID: 32041135 PMCID: PMC7036945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To promote efficient explorative behaviors, subjects adaptively select spatial navigational strategies based on landmarks or a cognitive map. The hippocampus works alone or in conjunction with the dorsal striatum, both representing the neuronal underpinnings of the navigational strategies organized on the basis of different systems of spatial coordinate integration. The high expression of cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptors in structures related to spatial learning—such as the hippocampus, dorsal striatum and amygdala—renders the endocannabinoid system a critical target to study the balance between landmark- and cognitive map-based navigational strategies. In the present study, mice treated with the CB1-inverse agonist/antagonist AM251 or vehicle were trained on a Circular Hole Board, a task that could be solved through either navigational strategy. At the end of the behavioral testing, c-Fos immunoreactivity was evaluated in specific nuclei of the hippocampus, dorsal striatum and amygdala. AM251 treatment impaired spatial learning and modified the pattern of the performed navigational strategies as well as the c-Fos immunoreactivity in the hippocampus, dorsal striatum and amygdala. The present findings shed light on the involvement of CB1 receptors as part of the selection system of the navigational strategies implemented to efficiently solve the spatial problem.
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177
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Marcus DJ, Bedse G, Gaulden AD, Ryan JD, Kondev V, Winters ND, Rosas-Vidal LE, Altemus M, Mackie K, Lee FS, Delpire E, Patel S. Endocannabinoid Signaling Collapse Mediates Stress-Induced Amygdalo-Cortical Strengthening. Neuron 2020; 105:1062-1076.e6. [PMID: 31948734 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Functional coupling between the amygdala and the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) has been implicated in the generation of negative affective states; however, the mechanisms by which stress increases amygdala-dmPFC synaptic strength and generates anxiety-like behaviors are not well understood. Here, we show that the mouse basolateral amygdala (BLA)-prelimbic prefrontal cortex (plPFC) circuit is engaged by stress and activation of this pathway in anxiogenic. Furthermore, we demonstrate that acute stress exposure leads to a lasting increase in synaptic strength within a reciprocal BLA-plPFC-BLA subcircuit. Importantly, we identify 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)-mediated endocannabinoid signaling as a key mechanism limiting glutamate release at BLA-plPFC synapses and the functional collapse of multimodal 2-AG signaling as a molecular mechanism leading to persistent circuit-specific synaptic strengthening and anxiety-like behaviors after stress exposure. These data suggest that circuit-specific impairment in 2-AG signaling could facilitate functional coupling between the BLA and plPFC and the translation of environmental stress to affective pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Marcus
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; The Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Gaurav Bedse
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andrew D Gaulden
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - James D Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Veronika Kondev
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; The Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nathan D Winters
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; The Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Luis E Rosas-Vidal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Megan Altemus
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ken Mackie
- Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Francis S Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Eric Delpire
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sachin Patel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; The Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Departments of Pharmacology and Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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178
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Franks AL, Berry KJ, DeFranco DB. Prenatal drug exposure and neurodevelopmental programming of glucocorticoid signalling. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12786. [PMID: 31469457 PMCID: PMC6982551 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal neurodevelopment is dependent on precise functioning of multiple signalling pathways in the brain, including those mobilised by glucocorticoids (GC) and endocannabinoids (eCBs). Prenatal exposure to drugs of abuse, including opioids, alcohol, cocaine and cannabis, has been shown to not only impact GC signalling, but also alter functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Such exposures can have long-lasting neurobehavioural consequences, including alterations in the stress response in the offspring. Furthermore, cannabis contains cannabinoids that signal via the eCB pathway, which is linked to some components of GC signalling in the adult brain. Given that GCs are frequently used in pregnancy to prevent complications of prematurity, and also that rates of cannabis use in pregnancy are increasing, the likelihood of foetal co-exposure to these compounds is high and may have additional implications for long-term neurodevelopment. Here, we present a discussion of GC signalling and the HPA axis, as well as the effects of prenatal drug exposure on these pathways and the stress response, and we explore the interactions between GC and EC signalling in the developing brain and potential for neurodevelopmental consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis L Franks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly J Berry
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Donald B DeFranco
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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179
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Gado F, Arena C, Fauci CL, Reynoso-Moreno I, Bertini S, Digiacomo M, Meini S, Poli G, Macchia M, Tuccinardi T, Gertsch J, Chicca A, Manera C. Modification on the 1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-pyridine-3-carboxamide core to obtain multi-target modulators of endocannabinoid system. Bioorg Chem 2020; 94:103353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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180
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Abstract
Given the aging Baby Boomer generation, changes in cannabis legislation, and the growing acknowledgment of cannabis for its therapeutic potential, it is predicted that cannabis use in the older population will escalate. It is, therefore, important to determine the interaction between the effects of cannabis and aging. The aim of this report is to describe the link between cannabis use and the aging brain. Our review of the literature found few and inconsistent empirical studies that directly address the impact of cannabis use on the aging brain. However, research focused on long-term cannabis use points toward cumulative effects on multimodal systems in the brain that are similarly affected during aging. Specifically, the effects of cannabis and aging converge on overlapping networks in the endocannabinoid, opioid, and dopamine systems that may affect functional decline particularly in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, which are critical areas for memory and executive functioning. To conclude, despite the limited current knowledge on the potential interactive effects between cannabis and aging, evidence from the literature suggests that cannabis and aging effects are concurrently present across several neurotransmitter systems. There is a great need for future research to directly test the interactions between cannabis and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Bin Yoo
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer DiMuzio
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Francesca M Filbey
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
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181
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Navarrete F, García-Gutiérrez MS, Jurado-Barba R, Rubio G, Gasparyan A, Austrich-Olivares A, Manzanares J. Endocannabinoid System Components as Potential Biomarkers in Psychiatry. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:315. [PMID: 32395111 PMCID: PMC7197485 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The high heterogeneity of psychiatric disorders leads to a lack of diagnostic precision. Therefore, the search of biomarkers is a fundamental aspect in psychiatry to reach a more personalized medicine. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has gained increasing interest due to its involvement in many different functional processes in the brain, including the regulation of emotions, motivation, and cognition. This article reviews the role of the main components of the ECS as biomarkers in certain psychiatric disorders. Studies carried out in rodents evaluating the effects of pharmacological and genetic manipulation of cannabinoid receptors or endocannabinoids (eCBs) degrading enzymes were included. Likewise, the ECS-related alterations occurring at the molecular level in animal models reproducing some behavioral and/or neuropathological aspects of psychiatric disorders were reviewed. Furthermore, clinical studies evaluating gene or protein alterations in post-mortem brain tissue or in vivo blood, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were analyzed. Also, the results from neuroimaging studies using positron emission tomography (PET) or functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) were included. This review shows the close involvement of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1r) in stress regulation and the development of mood disorders [anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder (BD)], in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well as in the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or eating disorders (i.e. anorexia and bulimia nervosa). On the other hand, recent results reveal the potential therapeutic action of the endocannabinoid tone manipulation by inhibition of eCBs degrading enzymes, as well as by the modulation of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2r) activity on anxiolytic, antidepressive, or antipsychotic associated effects. Further clinical research studies are needed; however, current evidence suggests that the components of the ECS may become promising biomarkers in psychiatry to improve, at least in part, the diagnosis and pharmacological treatment of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Navarrete
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain.,Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Salud García-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain.,Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Jurado-Barba
- Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Educación y Salud, Universidad Camilo José Cela, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriel Rubio
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ani Gasparyan
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain.,Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Manzanares
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain.,Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
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182
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Abstract
Objective: This review discusses the relationship between cannabis use and psychotic, bipolar, depressive, and anxiety disorders, as well as suicide. It summarizes epidemiological evidence from cross-sectional and long-term prospective studies and considers possible etiological mechanisms. Methods: Systematic reviews and methodologically robust studies in the field (from inception to February 2019) were identified using a comprehensive search of Medline, PsychINFO, and Embase and summarized using a narrative synthesis. Results: Consistent evidence, both from observational and experimental studies, has confirmed the important role of cannabis use in the initiation and persistence of psychotic disorders. The size of the effect is related to the extent of cannabis use, with greater risk for early cannabis use and use of high-potency varieties and synthetic cannabinoids. Accumulating evidence suggests that frequent cannabis use also increases the risk for mania as well as for suicide. However, the effect on depression is less clear and findings on anxiety are contradictory with only a few methodologically robust studies. Furthermore, the relationship with common mental disorders may involve reverse causality, as depression and anxiety are reported to lead to greater cannabis consumption in some studies. Pathogenetic mechanisms focus on the effect of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, the main psychoactive ingredient of cannabis) interacting with genetic predisposition and perhaps other environmental risk factors. Cannabidiol (CBD), the other important ingredient of traditional cannabis, ameliorates the psychotogenic effects of THC but is absent from the high-potency varieties that are increasingly available. Conclusions: The evidence that heavy use of high-THC/low-CBD types of cannabis increases the risk of psychosis is sufficiently strong to merit public health education. Evidence of similar but smaller effects in mania and suicide is growing, but is not convincing for depression and anxiety. There is much current interest in the possibility that CBD may be therapeutically useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Sideli
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK.,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences, and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Harriet Quigley
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK.,South London and Maudsley NHS Trust Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Caterina La Cascia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences, and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Robin M Murray
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK.,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences, and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,South London and Maudsley NHS Trust Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
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183
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Peñasco S, Rico-Barrio I, Puente N, Fontaine CJ, Ramos A, Reguero L, Gerrikagoitia I, de Fonseca FR, Suarez J, Barrondo S, Aretxabala X, García Del Caño G, Sallés J, Elezgarai I, Nahirney PC, Christie BR, Grandes P. Intermittent ethanol exposure during adolescence impairs cannabinoid type 1 receptor-dependent long-term depression and recognition memory in adult mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:309-318. [PMID: 31569197 PMCID: PMC6901552 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0530-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Binge drinking is a significant problem in adolescent populations, and because of the reciprocal interactions between ethanol (EtOH) consumption and the endocannabinoid (eCB) system, we sought to determine if adolescent EtOH intake altered the localization and function of the cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptors in the adult brain. Adolescent mice were exposed to a 4-day-per week drinking in the dark (DID) procedure for a total of 4 weeks and then tested after a 2-week withdrawal period. Field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs), evoked by medial perforant path (MPP) stimulation in the dentate gyrus molecular layer (DGML), were significantly smaller. Furthermore, unlike control animals, CB1 receptor activation did not depress fEPSPs in the EtOH-exposed animals. We also examined a form of excitatory long-term depression that is dependent on CB1 receptors (eCB-eLTD) and found that it was completely lacking in the animals that consumed EtOH during adolescence. Histological analyses indicated that adolescent EtOH intake significantly reduced the CB1 receptor distribution and proportion of immunopositive excitatory synaptic terminals in the medial DGML. Furthermore, there was decreased binding of [35S]guanosine-5*-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) ([35S] GTPγS) and the guanine nucleotide-binding (G) protein Gαi2 subunit in the EtOH-exposed animals. Associated with this, there was a significant increase in monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) mRNA and protein in the hippocampus of EtOH-exposed animals. Conversely, deficits in eCB-eLTD and recognition memory could be rescued by inhibiting MAGL with JZL184. These findings indicate that repeated exposure to EtOH during adolescence leads to long-term deficits in CB1 receptor expression, eCB-eLTD, and reduced recognition memory, but that these functional deficits can be restored by treatments that increase endogenous 2-arachidonoylglycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Peñasco
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Irantzu Rico-Barrio
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Nagore Puente
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Christine J Fontaine
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Almudena Ramos
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Leire Reguero
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Gerrikagoitia
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Suarez
- Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sergio Barrondo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, CIBERSAM, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Xabier Aretxabala
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba, Spain
| | - Gontzal García Del Caño
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba, Spain
| | - Joan Sallés
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, CIBERSAM, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Izaskun Elezgarai
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Patrick C Nahirney
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Brian R Christie
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Pedro Grandes
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain.
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain.
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
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184
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Goldstein Ferber S, Trezza V, Weller A. Early life stress and development of the endocannabinoid system: A bidirectional process in programming future coping. Dev Psychobiol 2019; 63:143-152. [PMID: 31849055 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) critically regulates stress responsivity and emotional behavior throughout development. It regulates anxiety-like behaviors in humans and animal models. In addition, it is sensitive to early life stress at the gene expression level in a sex-dependent and region-dependent manner, and these changes are already evident in the adolescent brain. The ECS modulates the neuroendocrine and behavioral effects of stress, and is also capable of being affected by stress exposure itself. Early life stress interferes with the development of corticolimbic circuits, a major location of endocannabinoid receptors, and increases vulnerability to adult psychopathology. Early life stress alters the ontogeny of the ECS, resulting in a sustained deficit in its function, particularly within the hippocampus. Specifically, exposure to early stress results in bidirectional changes in anandamide and 2-AG tissue levels within the amygdala and hippocampus and reduces hippocampal endocannabinoid function at puberty. CB1 receptor densities across all brain regions are downregulated later in life following exposure to early life stress. Manipulations affecting the glucocorticoid and the endocannabinoid systems persistently adjust individual emotional responses and synaptic plasticity. This review aims to show the bidirectional trajectories of endocannabinoid modulation of emotionality in reaction to early life stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Goldstein Ferber
- Psychology Department and Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Aron Weller
- Psychology Department and Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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185
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Stress-induced modulation of endocannabinoid signaling leads to delayed strengthening of synaptic connectivity in the amygdala. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 117:650-655. [PMID: 31843894 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1910322116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Even a brief exposure to severe stress strengthens synaptic connectivity days later in the amygdala, a brain area implicated in the affective symptoms of stress-related psychiatric disorders. However, little is known about the synaptic signaling mechanisms during stress that eventually culminate in its delayed impact on the amygdala. Hence, we investigated early stress-induced changes in amygdalar synaptic signaling in order to prevent its delayed effects. Whole-cell recordings in basolateral amygdala (BLA) slices from rats revealed higher frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) immediately after 2-h immobilization stress. This was replicated by inhibition of cannabinoid receptors (CB1R), suggesting a role for endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling. Stress also reduced N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA), an endogenous ligand of CB1R. Since stress-induced activation of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) reduces AEA, we confirmed that oral administration of an FAAH inhibitor during stress prevents the increase in synaptic excitation in the BLA soon after stress. Although stress also caused an immediate reduction in synaptic inhibition, this was not prevented by FAAH inhibition. Strikingly, FAAH inhibition during the traumatic stressor was also effective 10 d later on the delayed manifestation of synaptic strengthening in BLA neurons, preventing both enhanced mEPSC frequency and increased dendritic spine-density. Thus, oral administration of an FAAH inhibitor during a brief stress prevents the early synaptic changes that eventually build up to hyperexcitability in the amygdala. This framework is of therapeutic relevance because of growing interest in targeting eCB signaling to prevent the gradual development of emotional symptoms and underlying amygdalar dysfunction triggered by traumatic stress.
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186
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Abstract
As an increasing number of states legalize cannabis use for recreational and/or medical purposes, it is increasingly important to understand the neural and cognitive consequences of recreational cannabis use in adolescent consumers. Adolescence is marked by ongoing neuromaturational processes, making this a particularly vulnerable period, particularly regarding exposure to drugs, including cannabis. This review highlights evidence from studies documenting the neural impact of cannabis use in adolescence and explores mediating factors related to cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Mashhoon
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 2 West, Room 305, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Behavioral Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, McLean Imaging Center, Mclean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Mailstop 204, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Kelly A Sagar
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 2 West, Room 305, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Core, McLean Hospital, McLean Imaging Center, 115 Mill Street, Mailstop 204, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Marijuana Investigations for Neuroscientific Discovery, McLean Hospital, McLean Imaging Center, 115 Mill Street, Mailstop 204, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Staci A Gruber
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 2 West, Room 305, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Core, McLean Hospital, McLean Imaging Center, 115 Mill Street, Mailstop 204, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Marijuana Investigations for Neuroscientific Discovery, McLean Hospital, McLean Imaging Center, 115 Mill Street, Mailstop 204, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
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187
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Buceta I, Elezgarai I, Rico‐Barrio I, Gerrikagoitia I, Puente N, Grandes P. Deletion of the cannabinoid CB
1
receptor impacts on the ultrastructure of the cerebellar parallel fiber‐Purkinje cell synapses. J Comp Neurol 2019; 528:1041-1052. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ianire Buceta
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Leioa Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience Science Park of the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Leioa Spain
| | - Izaskun Elezgarai
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Leioa Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience Science Park of the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Leioa Spain
| | - Irantzu Rico‐Barrio
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Leioa Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience Science Park of the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Leioa Spain
| | - Inmaculada Gerrikagoitia
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Leioa Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience Science Park of the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Leioa Spain
| | - Nagore Puente
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Leioa Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience Science Park of the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Leioa Spain
| | - Pedro Grandes
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Leioa Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience Science Park of the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Leioa Spain
- Division of Medical Sciences University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada
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188
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Fitoussi A, Zunder J, Tan H, Laviolette SR. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol potentiates fear memory salience through functional modulation of mesolimbic dopaminergic activity states. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 47:1385-1400. [PMID: 29776015 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic or acute exposure to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive compound in cannabis, has been associated with numerous neuropsychiatric side-effects, including dysregulation of emotional processing and associative memory formation. Clinical and preclinical evidence suggests that the effects of THC are due to the ability to modulate mesolimbic dopamine (DA) activity states in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA). Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which THC modulates mesolimbic DA function and emotional processing are not well understood. Using an olfactory associative fear memory procedure combined with in vivo neuronal electrophysiology, we examined the effects of direct THC microinfusions targeting the shell region of the NAc (NASh) and examined how THC may modulate the processing of fear-related emotional memory and concomitant activity states of the mesolimbic DA system. We report that intra-NASh THC dose-dependently potentiates the emotional salience of normally subthreshold fear conditioning cues. These effects were dependent upon intra-VTA transmission through GABAergic receptor mechanisms and intra-NASh DAergic transmission. Furthermore, doses of intra-NASh THC that potentiated fear memory salience were found to modulate intra-VTA neuronal network activity by increasing the spontaneous firing and bursting frequency of DAergic neurones whilst decreasing the activity levels of a subpopulation of putative GABAergic VTA neurones. These findings demonstrate that THC can act directly in the NASh to modulate mesolimbic activity states and induce disturbances in emotional salience and memory formation through modulation of VTA DAergic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelie Fitoussi
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jordan Zunder
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Huibing Tan
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Steven R Laviolette
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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189
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Blithikioti C, Miquel L, Batalla A, Rubio B, Maffei G, Herreros I, Gual A, Verschure P, Balcells‐Oliveró M. Cerebellar alterations in cannabis users: A systematic review. Addict Biol 2019; 24:1121-1137. [PMID: 30811097 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis is the most used illicit substance in the world. As many countries are moving towards decriminalization, it is crucial to determine whether and how cannabis use affects human brain and behavior. The role of the cerebellum in cognition, emotion, learning, and addiction is increasingly recognized. Because of its high density in CB1 receptors, it is expected to be highly affected by cannabis use. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate how cannabis use affects cerebellar structure and function, as well as cerebellar-dependent behavioral tasks. Three databases were searched for peer-reviewed literature published until March 2018. We included studies that focused on cannabis effects on cerebellar structure, function, or cerebellar-dependent behavioral tasks. A total of 348 unique records were screened, and 40 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. The most consistent findings include (1) increases in cerebellar gray matter volume after chronic cannabis use, (2) alteration of cerebellar resting state activity after acute or chronic use, and (3) deficits in memory, decision making, and associative learning. Age of onset and higher exposure to cannabis use were frequently associated with increased cannabis-induced alterations. Chronic cannabis use is associated with alterations in cerebellar structure and function, as well as with deficits in behavioral paradigms that involve the cerebellum (eg, eyeblink conditioning, memory, and decision making). Future studies should consider tobacco as confounding factor and use standardized methods for assessing cannabis use. Paradigms exploring the functional activity of the cerebellum may prove useful as monitoring tools of cannabis-induced impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthi Blithikioti
- Grup de Recerca en Addiccions Clínic (GRAC)Institut Clínic de Neurociències Barcelona Spain
- IDIBAPSInstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer Barcelona Spain
- Hospital ClínicUniversitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Laia Miquel
- Grup de Recerca en Addiccions Clínic (GRAC)Institut Clínic de Neurociències Barcelona Spain
- IDIBAPSInstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer Barcelona Spain
- Hospital ClínicUniversitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Albert Batalla
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf MagnusUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht the Netherlands
- Nijmegen Institute for Scientist‐Practitioners in Addiction (NISPA)Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Belen Rubio
- Laboratory of Synthetic Perceptive, Emotive and Cognitive SystemsInstitute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain
| | - Giovanni Maffei
- Laboratory of Synthetic Perceptive, Emotive and Cognitive SystemsInstitute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain
| | - Ivan Herreros
- Laboratory of Synthetic Perceptive, Emotive and Cognitive SystemsInstitute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain
| | - Antoni Gual
- Grup de Recerca en Addiccions Clínic (GRAC)Institut Clínic de Neurociències Barcelona Spain
- IDIBAPSInstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer Barcelona Spain
- Hospital ClínicUniversitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Paul Verschure
- Laboratory of Synthetic Perceptive, Emotive and Cognitive SystemsInstitute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain
- ICREAInstitucio Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluis Companys Barcelona Spain
| | - Mercedes Balcells‐Oliveró
- Grup de Recerca en Addiccions Clínic (GRAC)Institut Clínic de Neurociències Barcelona Spain
- IDIBAPSInstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer Barcelona Spain
- Hospital ClínicUniversitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
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190
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ZUBRZYCKI M, STASIOLEK M, ZUBRZYCKA M. Opioid and Endocannabinoid System in Orofacial Pain. Physiol Res 2019; 68:705-715. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Orofacial pain disorders are frequent in the general population and their pharmacological treatment is difficult and controversial. Therefore, the search for novel, safe and efficient analgesics is an important but still elusive goal for contemporary medicine. In the recent years, the antinociceptive potential of endocannabinoids and opioids has been emphasized. However, concerns for the safety of their use limit their clinical applications. the possibility of modulating the activity of endocannabinoids by regulation of their synthesis and/or degradation offers an innovative approach to the treatment of pain. A rat model of trigeminal pain, utilizing tongue jerks evoked by electrical tooth pulp stimulation during perfusion of the cerebral ventricles with various neurotransmitter solutions can be used in the pharmacological studies of nociception in the orofacial area. The aim of this review is to present the effects of pharmacological activity of opioids and endocannabinoids affecting the transmission of the sensory information from the orofacial area on the example of trigemino-hypoglossal reflex in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. ZUBRZYCKI
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany,
| | - M. STASIOLEK
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - M. ZUBRZYCKA
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Interdepartmental Chair of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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191
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Scheiner M, Dolles D, Gunesch S, Hoffmann M, Nabissi M, Marinelli O, Naldi M, Bartolini M, Petralla S, Poeta E, Monti B, Falkeis C, Vieth M, Hübner H, Gmeiner P, Maitra R, Maurice T, Decker M. Dual-Acting Cholinesterase-Human Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Ligands Show Pronounced Neuroprotection in Vitro and Overadditive and Disease-Modifying Neuroprotective Effects in Vivo. J Med Chem 2019; 62:9078-9102. [PMID: 31609608 PMCID: PMC7640639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We have designed and synthesized a series of 14 hybrid molecules out of the cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor tacrine and a benzimidazole-based human cannabinoid receptor subtype 2 (hCB2R) agonist and investigated them in vitro and in vivo. The compounds are potent ChE inhibitors, and for the most promising hybrids, the mechanism of human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) inhibition as well as their ability to interfere with AChE-induced aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ), and Aβ self-aggregation was assessed. All hybrids were evaluated for affinity and selectivity for hCB1R and hCB2R. To ensure that the hybrids retained their agonist character, the expression of cAMP-regulated genes was quantified, and potency and efficacy were determined. Additionally, the effects of the hybrids on microglia activation and neuroprotection on HT-22 cells were investigated. The most promising in vitro hybrids showed pronounced neuroprotection in an Alzheimer's mouse model at low dosage (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.), lacking hepatotoxicity even at high dose (3 mg/kg, i.p.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Scheiner
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Dolles
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Gunesch
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Hoffmann
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Massimo Nabissi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Oliviero Marinelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Marina Naldi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Bartolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabrina Petralla
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Eleonora Poeta
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Monti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Christina Falkeis
- Pathology, Clinical Center Bayreuth, Preuschwitzer Straße 101, 95445 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Pathology, Clinical Center Bayreuth, Preuschwitzer Straße 101, 95445 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Harald Hübner
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rangan Maitra
- Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Tangui Maurice
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EPHE, UMR-S1198, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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192
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Kynurenines and the Endocannabinoid System in Schizophrenia: Common Points and Potential Interactions. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203709. [PMID: 31619006 PMCID: PMC6832375 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia, which affects around 1% of the world’s population, has been described as a complex set of symptoms triggered by multiple factors. However, the exact background mechanisms remain to be explored, whereas therapeutic agents with excellent effectivity and safety profiles have yet to be developed. Kynurenines and the endocannabinoid system (ECS) play significant roles in both the development and manifestation of schizophrenia, which have been extensively studied and reviewed previously. Accordingly, kynurenines and the ECS share multiple features and mechanisms in schizophrenia, which have yet to be reviewed. Thus, the present study focuses on the main common points and potential interactions between kynurenines and the ECS in schizophrenia, which include (i) the regulation of glutamatergic/dopaminergic/γ-aminobutyric acidergic neurotransmission, (ii) their presence in astrocytes, and (iii) their role in inflammatory mechanisms. Additionally, promising pharmaceutical approaches involving the kynurenine pathway and the ECS will be reviewed herein.
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193
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Bedse G, Centanni SW, Winder DG, Patel S. Endocannabinoid Signaling in the Central Amygdala and Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis: Implications for the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:2014-2027. [PMID: 31373708 PMCID: PMC6779484 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
High rates of relapse are a chronic and debilitating obstacle to effective treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD); however, no effective treatments are available to treat symptoms induced by protracted abstinence. In the first part of this 2-part review series, we examine the literature supporting the effects of alcohol exposure within the extended amygdala (EA) neural circuitry. In Part 2, we focus on a potential way to combat negative affect associated with AUD, by exploring the therapeutic potential of the endogenous cannabinoid (eCB) system. The eCB system is a potent modulator of neural activity in the brain, and its ability to mitigate stress and negative affect has long been an area of interest for developing novel therapeutics. This review details the recent advances in our understanding of eCB signaling in 2 key regions of the EA, the central nucleus of the amygdala and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), and their role in regulating negative affect. Despite an established role for EA eCB signaling in reducing negative affect, few studies have examined the potential for eCB-based therapies to treat AUD-associated negative affect. In this review, we present an overview of studies focusing on eCB signaling in EA and cannabinoid modulation on EA synaptic activity. We further discuss studies suggesting dysregulation of eCB signaling in models of AUD and propose that pharmacological augmentation of eCB could be a novel approach to treat aspects of AUD. Lastly, future directions are proposed to advance our understanding of the relationship between AUD-associated negative affect and the EA eCB system that could yield new pharmacotherapies targeting negative affective symptoms associated with AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Bedse
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Samuel W. Centanni
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Nashville, TN, USA
- Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, the, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt J.F. Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Danny G. Winder
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Nashville, TN, USA
- Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, the, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt J.F. Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sachin Patel
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Nashville, TN, USA
- Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, the, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt J.F. Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Nashville, TN, USA
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194
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Freeman AM, Petrilli K, Lees R, Hindocha C, Mokrysz C, Curran HV, Saunders R, Freeman TP. How does cannabidiol (CBD) influence the acute effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in humans? A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:696-712. [PMID: 31580839 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The recent liberalisation of cannabis regulation has increased public and scientific debate about its potential benefits and risks. A key focus has been the extent to which cannabidiol (CBD) might influence the acute effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), but this has never been reviewed systematically. In this systematic review of how CBD influences the acute effects of THC we identified 16 studies involving 466 participants. Ten studies were judged at low risk of bias. The findings were mixed, although CBD was found to reduce the effects of THC in several studies. Some studies found that CBD reduced intense experiences of anxiety or psychosis-like effects of THC and blunted some of the impairments on emotion and reward processing. However, CBD did not consistently influence the effects of THC across all studies and outcomes. There was considerable heterogeneity in dose, route of administration and THC:CBD ratio across studies and no clear dose-response profile emerged. Although findings were mixed, this review suggests that CBD may interact with some acute effects of THC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail M Freeman
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Katherine Petrilli
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Rachel Lees
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK; Addiction and Mental Health Group (AIM), University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Chandni Hindocha
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK; Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Research Department of Mental Health Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Claire Mokrysz
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - H Valerie Curran
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Rob Saunders
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Tom P Freeman
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK; Addiction and Mental Health Group (AIM), University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK; National Addiction Centre, King's College London, London, SE5 8BB, UK
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195
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Volk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Veterans Integrated Service Network 4 Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David A Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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196
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Grant PS, Kahlcke N, Govindpani K, Hunter M, MacDonald C, Brimble MA, Glass M, Furkert DP. Divalent cannabinoid-1 receptor ligands: A linker attachment point survey of SR141716A for development of high-affinity CB1R molecular probes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:126644. [PMID: 31564385 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1R) inverse agonist SR141716A has proven useful for study of the endocannabinoid system, including development of divalent CB1R ligands possessing a second functional motif attached via a linker unit. These have predominantly employed the C3 position of the central pyrazole ring for linker attachment. Despite this precedent, a novel series of C3-linked CB1R-D2R divalent ligands exhibited extremely high affinity at the D2R, but only poor affinity for the CB1R. A systematic linker attachment point survey of the SR141716A pharmacophore was therefore undertaken, establishing the C5 position as the optimal site for linker conjugation. This linker attachment survey enabled the identification of a novel divalent ligand as a lead compound to inform ongoing development of high-affinity CB1R molecular probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip S Grant
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nils Kahlcke
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karan Govindpani
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Morag Hunter
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christa MacDonald
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, New Zealand
| | - Michelle Glass
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, New Zealand
| | - Daniel P Furkert
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, New Zealand.
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197
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Burggren AC, Shirazi A, Ginder N, London ED. Cannabis effects on brain structure, function, and cognition: considerations for medical uses of cannabis and its derivatives. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2019; 45:563-579. [PMID: 31365275 PMCID: PMC7027431 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2019.1634086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cannabis is the most widely used illicit substance worldwide, and legalization for recreational and medical purposes has substantially increased its availability and use in the United States.Objectives: Decades of research have suggested that recreational cannabis use confers risk for cognitive impairment across various domains, and structural and functional differences in the brain have been linked to early and heavy cannabis use.Methods: With substantial evidence for the role of the endocannabinoid system in neural development and understanding that brain development continues into early adulthood, the rising use of cannabis in adolescents and young adults raises major concerns. Yet some formulations of cannabinoid compounds are FDA-approved for medical uses, including applications in children.Results: Potential effects on the trajectory of brain morphology and cognition, therefore, should be considered. The goal of this review is to update and consolidate relevant findings in order to inform attitudes and public policy regarding the recreational and medical use of cannabis and cannabinoid compounds.Conclusions: The findings point to considerations for age limits and guidelines for use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison C Burggren
- Robert and Beverly Lewis Center for Neuroimaging, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Anaheed Shirazi
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nathaniel Ginder
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Edythe D. London
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, and the Brain Research Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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198
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The Potential of Cannabidiol as a Treatment for Psychosis and Addiction: Who Benefits Most? A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8071058. [PMID: 31330972 PMCID: PMC6678854 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8071058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The endogenous cannabinoid (eCB) system plays an important role in the pathophysiology of both psychotic disorders and substance use disorders (SUDs). The non-psychoactive cannabinoid compound, cannabidiol (CBD) is a highly promising tool in the treatment of both disorders. Here we review human clinical studies that investigated the efficacy of CBD treatment for schizophrenia, substance use disorders, and their comorbidity. In particular, we examined possible profiles of patients who may benefit the most from CBD treatment. CBD, either as monotherapy or added to regular antipsychotic medication, improved symptoms in patients with schizophrenia, with particularly promising effects in the early stages of illness. A potential biomarker is the level of anandamide in blood. CBD and THC mixtures showed positive effects in reducing short-term withdrawal and craving in cannabis use disorders. Studies on schizophrenia and comorbid substance use are lacking. Future studies should focus on the effects of CBD on psychotic disorders in different stages of illness, together with the effects on comorbid substance use. These studies should use standardized measures to assess cannabis use. In addition, future efforts should be taken to study the relationship between the eCB system, GABA/glutamate, and the immune system to reveal the underlying neurobiology of the effects of CBD.
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199
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Kayser RR, Snorrason I, Haney M, Lee FS, Simpson HB. The Endocannabinoid System: A New Treatment Target for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder? Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2019; 4:77-87. [PMID: 32656342 DOI: 10.1089/can.2018.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling illness that is associated with significant functional impairment. Although evidence-based pharmacotherapies exist, currently available medications are ineffective in some patients and may cause intolerable side effects in others. There is an urgent need for new treatments. Discussion: A growing body of basic and clinical research has showed that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays a role in anxiety, fear, and repetitive behaviors. At the same time, some patients with OCD who smoke cannabis anecdotally report that it relieves their symptoms and mitigates anxiety, and several case reports describe patients whose OCD symptoms improved after they were treated with cannabinoids. Taken together, these findings suggest that the ECS could be a potential target for novel medications for OCD. In this study, we review evidence from both animal and human studies that suggests that the ECS may play a role in OCD and related disorders. We also describe findings from studies in which cannabinoid drugs were shown to impact symptoms of these conditions. Conclusions: An emerging body of evidence suggests that the ECS plays a role in OCD symptoms and may be a target for the development of novel medications. Further exploration of this topic through well-designed human trials is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reilly R Kayser
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Ivar Snorrason
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Margaret Haney
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Francis S Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - H Blair Simpson
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
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200
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Wang F, Han J, Higashimori H, Wang J, Liu J, Tong L, Yang Y, Dong H, Zhang X, Xiong L. Long-term depression induced by endogenous cannabinoids produces neuroprotection via astroglial CB 1R after stroke in rodents. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:1122-1137. [PMID: 29432698 PMCID: PMC6547184 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18755661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia not only activates cell death pathways but also triggers endogenous protective mechanisms. However, it is largely unknown what is the essence of the endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms induced by preconditioning. In this study we demonstrated that systemic injection of JZL195, a selective inhibitor of eCB clearance enzymes, induces in vivo long-term depression at CA3-CA1 synapses and at PrL-NAc synapses produces neuroprotection. JZL195-elicited long-term depression is blocked by AM281, the antagonist of cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) and is abolished in mice lacking cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) in astroglial cells, but is conserved in mice lacking CB1R in glutamatergic or GABAergic neurons. Blocking the glutamate NMDA receptor and the synaptic trafficking of glutamate AMPA receptor abolishes both long-term depression and neuroprotection induced by JZL195. Mice lacking CB1R in astroglia show decreased neuronal death following cerebral ischemia. Thus, an acute elevation of extracellular eCB following eCB clearance inhibition results in neuroprotection through long-term depression induction after sequential activation of astroglial CB1R and postsynaptic glutamate receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, Shaanxi Province, China.,2 Department of Psychiatry, and Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at the Royal, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jing Han
- 3 Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian, China
| | - Haruki Higashimori
- 4 Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jingyi Wang
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Li Tong
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, and Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at the Royal, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Yongjie Yang
- 4 Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hailong Dong
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, and Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at the Royal, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lize Xiong
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, Shaanxi Province, China
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