151
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Foerster F, Boegel S, Heck R, Pickert G, Rüssel N, Rosigkeit S, Bros M, Strobl S, Kaps L, Aslam M, Diken M, Castle J, Sahin U, Tuettenberg A, Bockamp E, Schuppan D. Enhanced protection of C57 BL/6 vs Balb/c mice to melanoma liver metastasis is mediated by NK cells. Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1409929. [PMID: 29632723 PMCID: PMC5889278 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1409929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The B16F10 murine melanoma cell line displays a low expression of MHC class I molecules favoring immune evasion and metastases in immunocompetent C57 BL/6 wild-type mice. Here, we generated metastases to the liver, an organ that is skewed towards immune tolerance, by intrasplenic injection of B16F10 cells in syngeneic C57 BL/6 compared to allogeneic Balb/c mice. Surprisingly, Balb/c mice, which usually display a pronounced M2 macrophage and Th2 T cell polarization, were ∼3 times more susceptible to metastasis than C57 BL/6 mice, despite a much higher M1 and Th1 T cell immune response. The anti-metastatic advantage of C57 BL/6 mice could be attributed to a more potent NK-cell mediated cytotoxicity against B16F10 cells. Our findings highlight the role of NK cells in innate anti-tumor immunity in the context of the liver – particularly against highly aggressive MHC I-deficient cancer cells. Moreover, the B16F10 model of melanoma liver metastasis is suited for developing novel therapies targeting innate NK cell related immunity in liver metastases and liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Foerster
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Boegel
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rosario Heck
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Geetha Pickert
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nina Rüssel
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rosigkeit
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephanie Strobl
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Leonard Kaps
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Misbah Aslam
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mustafa Diken
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - John Castle
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ugur Sahin
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Tuettenberg
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ernesto Bockamp
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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152
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Mudan S, Kumar J, Mafalda NC, Kusano T, Reccia I, Zanallato A, Dalgleish A, Habib N. Case report on the role of radiofrequency-assisted spleen-preserving surgery for splenic metastasis in the era of check-point inhibitors. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e9106. [PMID: 29245341 PMCID: PMC5728956 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE An isolated splenic metastasis is a rare phenomenon noted in advanced stage melanoma. We report the role of radiofrequency (RF) -based splenic-preserving splenectomy in a patient with a solitary splenic metastasis from advanced stage melanoma that was managed with checkpoint inhibitors. PATIENT CONCERNS We report a case of a 60-year-old man who presented with multiple lung metastases and a solitary splenic metastasis with advanced stage melanoma following excision of primary from his trunk 2.3 years back. DIAGNOSIS Considering the diagnosis of advanced stage melanoma with multiple lung metastases and a solitary splenic metastasis, and its ongoing progressive nature. This case was discussed in the tumour board meeting. INTERVENTIONS A decision was made to commence treatment with immunotherapy in the form of PD-1 inhibitor (programmed cell death 1 receptor) pembrolizumab. Follow-up restaging computer tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen and chest showed a significant reduction in the lung and chest wall lesions, but the splenic lesion remained unchanged. Given the lack of response to treatment in the splenic metastasis and the significant decrease in lung metastases, the multidisciplinary team decided that a partial splenectomy combined with continued immunotherapy treatment would be appropriate as the success of immunotherapy was imminent within the splenic preservation. OUTCOMES The postoperative recovery was smooth and the patient was discharged from hospital on the sixth postoperative day with normal platelets and white blood cells. The histopathological analysis of the resected specimen showed a metastatic melanoma with negative margins.At 10-month follow-up after the splenic resection the patient had not experienced further tumour recurrences. LESSONS Spleen-preserving resection for an isolated, solitary splenic metastasis of melanoma is a feasible approach as it not only preserves the ongoing efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors by preserving the physiological T cell milieu, but the immunomodulation properties of RF can produce potentially additional therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jayant Kumar
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nagy Habib
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London
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153
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Martín Algarra S, Soriano V, Fernández-Morales L, Berciano-Guerrero MÁ, Mujika K, Manzano JL, Puértolas Hernández T, Soria A, Rodríguez-Abreu D, Espinosa Arranz E, Medina Martínez J, Márquez-Rodas I, Rubió-Casadevall J, Ortega ME, Jurado García JM, Lecumberri Biurrun MJ, Palacio I, Rodríguez de la Borbolla Artacho M, Altozano JP, Castellón Rubio VE, García A, Luna P, Ballesteros A, Fernández O, López Martín JA, Berrocal A, Arance A. Dabrafenib plus trametinib for compassionate use in metastatic melanoma: A STROBE-compliant retrospective observational postauthorization study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e9523. [PMID: 29384960 PMCID: PMC6393118 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dabrafenib alone or combined with trametinib for compassionate use in patients with metastatic melanoma.This retrospective, observational study involved 135 patients with unresectable stage IIIC or stage IV melanoma from an expanded-access program at 30 Spanish centers.Forty-eight patients received dabrafenib monotherapy and 87 received combination dabrafenib and trametinib; 4.4% and 95.6% of the patients had stage IIIC and IV melanoma, respectively. All patients showed BRAF mutations in their primary or metastatic lesions; 3 were positive for V600K while the remainder had V600E or V600+. A positive response to treatment was reported in 89.3% of the patients. Overall survival rates at 12 and 24 months were 59.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 52.5-68.9%) and 36.4% (95% CI, 27.8-45%), respectively. Progression-free survival rates at 12 and 24 months were 39.3% (95% CI, 31.1-47.5%) and 21.6% (95% CI, 14.5-28.7%), respectively. Fifty-seven patients (42.2%) reported cutaneous toxicity of any type, mainly hyperkeratosis (14.8%) and rash (11.9%). The most frequent adverse events were pyrexia (27.4%), asthenia (19.3%), arthralgia (16.9%), and diarrhoea (13.2%).Our results suggest that both dabrafenib alone or in combination with trametinib are effective for compassionate use in terms of response and/or survival rates. However, differences in patients' prognostic features ought to be considered. No new findings were revealed regarding the safety profiles of either regimen. This is the first study to evaluate the efficacy of these 2 selective BRAF and mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitors in a real-world setting in Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Miguel-Ángel Berciano-Guerrero
- Oncología Intercentros, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria (HURyVV) and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga
| | - Karmele Mujika
- Onkologikoa, Instituto Oncológico de Kutxa, San Sebastian
| | - José Luis Manzano
- Instituto Catalán de Oncología, ICO-Badalona, Hospital Germans Trías I Pujol, Barcelona
| | | | - Ainara Soria
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid
| | - Delvys Rodríguez-Abreu
- Medical Oncology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular—Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
| | | | | | - Ivan Márquez-Rodas
- Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid
| | | | | | | | | | - Isabel Palacio
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo
| | | | | | | | | | - Pablo Luna
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca
| | | | - Ovidio Fernández
- Medical Oncology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Ourense, Ourense
| | | | - Alfonso Berrocal
- Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia
| | - Ana Arance
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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154
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Zalfa F, Panasiti V, Carotti S, Zingariello M, Perrone G, Sancillo L, Pacini L, Luciani F, Roberti V, D'Amico S, Coppola R, Abate SO, Rana RA, De Luca A, Fiers M, Melocchi V, Bianchi F, Farace MG, Achsel T, Marine JC, Morini S, Bagni C. The fragile X mental retardation protein regulates tumor invasiveness-related pathways in melanoma cells. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3169. [PMID: 29144507 PMCID: PMC5775405 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) is lacking or mutated in patients with the fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most frequent form of inherited intellectual disability. FMRP affects metastasis formation in a mouse model for breast cancer. Here we show that FMRP is overexpressed in human melanoma with high Breslow thickness and high Clark level. Furthermore, meta-analysis of the TCGA melanoma data revealed that high levels of FMRP expression correlate significantly with metastatic tumor tissues, risk of relapsing and disease-free survival. Reduction of FMRP in metastatic melanoma cell lines impinges on cell migration, invasion and adhesion. Next-generation sequencing in human melanoma cells revealed that FMRP regulates a large number of mRNAs involved in relevant processes of melanoma progression. Our findings suggest an association between FMRP levels and the invasive phenotype in melanoma and might open new avenues towards the discovery of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Zalfa
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Panasiti
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Carotti
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Zingariello
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Perrone
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Sancillo
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University of Chieti 'G d'Annunzio', via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Laura Pacini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Flavie Luciani
- VIB/Center for the Biology of Disease, KU Leuven, O&N 4, Herestraat 49 Box 602, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Human Genetics, Leuven Institute for Neuroscience and Disease, KU Leuven, O&N 4, Herestraat 49 Box 602, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Vincenzo Roberti
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rome 'La Sapienza', viale dell'Università 1, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia D'Amico
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Coppola
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Osella Abate
- Department of Medical Science and Human Oncology, Section of Dermato-Oncology, University of Turin, via Verdi 8, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Rosa Alba Rana
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University of Chieti 'G d'Annunzio', via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Anastasia De Luca
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Mark Fiers
- VIB/Center for the Biology of Disease, KU Leuven, O&N 4, Herestraat 49 Box 602, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Human Genetics, Leuven Institute for Neuroscience and Disease, KU Leuven, O&N 4, Herestraat 49 Box 602, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Valentina Melocchi
- ISBREMIT, Institute for Stem-cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, viale Padre Pio 7, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bianchi
- ISBREMIT, Institute for Stem-cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, viale Padre Pio 7, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Farace
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Tilmann Achsel
- VIB/Center for the Biology of Disease, KU Leuven, O&N 4, Herestraat 49 Box 602, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Human Genetics, Leuven Institute for Neuroscience and Disease, KU Leuven, O&N 4, Herestraat 49 Box 602, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- VIB/Center for the Biology of Disease, KU Leuven, O&N 4, Herestraat 49 Box 602, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Human Genetics, Leuven Institute for Neuroscience and Disease, KU Leuven, O&N 4, Herestraat 49 Box 602, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Sergio Morini
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Bagni
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.,VIB/Center for the Biology of Disease, KU Leuven, O&N 4, Herestraat 49 Box 602, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Human Genetics, Leuven Institute for Neuroscience and Disease, KU Leuven, O&N 4, Herestraat 49 Box 602, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.,Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
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155
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Moran B, Silva R, Perry AS, Gallagher WM. Epigenetics of malignant melanoma. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 51:80-88. [PMID: 29074395 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Patients with malignant melanoma generally have a good prognosis if the disease presents prior to metastasis. Due to progress with targeted and immunotherapies, the median survival of metastatic melanoma patients is now over 2 years. The disease is characterised by one of the highest somatic mutation rates observed amongst cancer types, with a specific mutational signature based on UV radiation damage evident. Highly prevalent mutations, such as the BRAFV600E, in the MAPK cascade indicate truncal involvement of this pathway in the earliest stage of melanoma. The molecular sub-classification of melanoma based on genetic alterations is now well established. This has paved the way for researchers in epigenetics to investigate specific pathways of known importance, and the involvement of the diverse range of epigenetic mechanisms. Herein, we review the literature to highlight that epigenetic alterations are integrally involved in this malignancy. We focus on the most current evidence around the epigenetic mechanisms: DNA methylation and demethylation including 5-hydroxy-methylcytosine; histone post-translational modifications including variant histones; chromatin remodelling complexes and in particular the polycomb-repressive complex PRC2 and its histone methyltransferase subunit EZH2; and non-coding RNAs. Each mechanism is described generally, studies involving melanoma are assessed and clinical relevance is highlighted where possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Moran
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; OncoMark Limited, NovaUCD, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Romina Silva
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; OncoMark Limited, NovaUCD, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Antoinette S Perry
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - William M Gallagher
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; OncoMark Limited, NovaUCD, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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156
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Dalle Carbonare M, Goh MX, AlshiekhAli Z, Howlett D. Metastatic melanoma of unknown primary in the temporalis muscle. BMJ Case Rep 2017; 2017:bcr-2017-221577. [PMID: 29054896 PMCID: PMC5665278 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-221577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanomas are aggressive cancers that present as cutaneous, mucosal and ocular lesions with the ability to metastasise widely. There are, however, occasions where lesions are found in distant sites such as lymph nodes, viscera and subcutaneous tissues without clinically apparent skin involvement. This is known as metastatic melanoma of unknown primary (MUP). Its presentation in skeletal muscle is rare, and the available literature is sparse. This article presents an 85-year-old woman with a MUP presenting in the right temporalis muscle, which was diagnosed with the aid of the ultrasound-guided core biopsy. The melanoma deposit was successfully excised, and no recurrence was identified. The patient is now under close follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Dalle Carbonare
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Eastbourne District General Hospital, Eastbourne, UK
| | - Mei Xien Goh
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Eastbourne District General Hospital, Eastbourne, UK
| | - Zainab AlshiekhAli
- Pathology Department, Eastbourne District General Hospital, Eastbourne, UK
| | - David Howlett
- Radiology Department, Eastbourne District General Hospital, Eastbourne, UK
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157
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Chen H, Gao X, Sun Z, Wang Q, Zuo D, Pan L, Li K, Chen J, Chen G, Hu K, Li K, Shah AS, Huang T, Muhammad Zeeshan B, Tong L, Jiao C, Liu J, Chen T, Yao L, Dang Y, Liu T, Li L. REGγ accelerates melanoma formation by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:1118-1124. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of regulatory Biology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; School of Life Sciences; East China Normal University; Shanghai China
| | - Xiao Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of regulatory Biology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; School of Life Sciences; East China Normal University; Shanghai China
| | - Zhengwang Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology; Changzheng Hospital; The Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Qingwei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of regulatory Biology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; School of Life Sciences; East China Normal University; Shanghai China
| | - Di Zuo
- Ningxia key laboratory of cerebrocranial diseases; Ningxia medical university; Ningxia Medical University; Yinchuan China
| | - Linian Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of regulatory Biology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; School of Life Sciences; East China Normal University; Shanghai China
| | - Kun Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of regulatory Biology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; School of Life Sciences; East China Normal University; Shanghai China
| | - Jiwei Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology; Changzheng Hospital; The Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Geng Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of regulatory Biology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; School of Life Sciences; East China Normal University; Shanghai China
| | - Kewen Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of regulatory Biology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; School of Life Sciences; East China Normal University; Shanghai China
| | - Ke Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of regulatory Biology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; School of Life Sciences; East China Normal University; Shanghai China
| | - Abdus Saboor Shah
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of regulatory Biology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; School of Life Sciences; East China Normal University; Shanghai China
| | - Tingmei Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of regulatory Biology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; School of Life Sciences; East China Normal University; Shanghai China
| | - Bhatti Muhammad Zeeshan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of regulatory Biology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; School of Life Sciences; East China Normal University; Shanghai China
| | - Lu Tong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of regulatory Biology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; School of Life Sciences; East China Normal University; Shanghai China
| | - Chan Jiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of regulatory Biology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; School of Life Sciences; East China Normal University; Shanghai China
| | - Jian Liu
- Reproductive & Developmental Biology Laboratory; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); Research Triangle Park NC USA
| | - Tenghui Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology; MD Anderson Cancer Center; The University of Texas; Houston TX USA
| | - Liangfang Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of regulatory Biology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; School of Life Sciences; East China Normal University; Shanghai China
| | - Yongyan Dang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of regulatory Biology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; School of Life Sciences; East China Normal University; Shanghai China
| | - Tielong Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology; Changzheng Hospital; The Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Lei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of regulatory Biology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; School of Life Sciences; East China Normal University; Shanghai China
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158
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Harrer DC, Simon B, Fujii SI, Shimizu K, Uslu U, Schuler G, Gerer KF, Hoyer S, Dörrie J, Schaft N. RNA-transfection of γ/δ T cells with a chimeric antigen receptor or an α/β T-cell receptor: a safer alternative to genetically engineered α/β T cells for the immunotherapy of melanoma. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:551. [PMID: 28818060 PMCID: PMC5561563 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3539-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adoptive T-cell therapy relying on conventional T cells transduced with T-cell receptors (TCRs) or chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) has caused substantial tumor regression in several clinical trials. However, genetically engineered T cells have been associated with serious side-effects due to off-target toxicities and massive cytokine release. To obviate these concerns, we established a protocol adaptable to GMP to expand and transiently transfect γ/δ T cells with mRNA. Methods PBMC from healthy donors were stimulated using zoledronic-acid or OKT3 to expand γ/δ T cells and bulk T cells, respectively. Additionally, CD8+ T cells and γ/δ T cells were MACS-isolated from PBMC and expanded with OKT3. Next, these four populations were electroporated with RNA encoding a gp100/HLA-A2-specific TCR or a CAR specific for MCSP. Thereafter, receptor expression, antigen-specific cytokine secretion, specific cytotoxicity, and killing of the endogenous γ/δ T cell-target Daudi were analyzed. Results Using zoledronic-acid in average 6 million of γ/δ T cells with a purity of 85% were generated from one million PBMC. MACS-isolation and OKT3-mediated expansion of γ/δ T cells yielded approximately ten times less cells. OKT3-expanded and CD8+ MACS-isolated conventional T cells behaved correspondingly similar. All employed T cells were efficiently transfected with the TCR or the CAR. Upon respective stimulation, γ/δ T cells produced IFNγ and TNF, but little IL-2 and the zoledronic-acid expanded T cells exceeded MACS-γ/δ T cells in antigen-specific cytokine secretion. While the cytokine production of γ/δ T cells was in general lower than that of conventional T cells, specific cytotoxicity against melanoma cell lines was similar. In contrast to OKT3-expanded and MACS-CD8+ T cells, mock-electroporated γ/δ T cells also lysed tumor cells reflecting the γ/δ T cell-intrinsic anti-tumor activity. After transfection, γ/δ T cells were still able to kill MHC-deficient Daudi cells. Conclusion We present a protocol adaptable to GMP for the expansion of γ/δ T cells and their subsequent RNA-transfection with tumor-specific TCRs or CARs. Given the transient receptor expression, the reduced cytokine release, and the equivalent cytotoxicity, these γ/δ T cells may represent a safer complementation to genetically engineered conventional T cells in the immunotherapy of melanoma (Exper Dermatol 26: 157, 2017, J Investig Dermatol 136: A173, 2016). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3539-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis C Harrer
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Hartmannstraße 14, D-91052, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bianca Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Hartmannstraße 14, D-91052, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Shin-Ichiro Fujii
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kanako Shimizu
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ugur Uslu
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Hartmannstraße 14, D-91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerold Schuler
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Hartmannstraße 14, D-91052, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin F Gerer
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Hartmannstraße 14, D-91052, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hoyer
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Hartmannstraße 14, D-91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Dörrie
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Hartmannstraße 14, D-91052, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Niels Schaft
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Hartmannstraße 14, D-91052, Erlangen, Germany. .,Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
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159
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Rhabdomyosarcoma in Children and Adolescents: Patterns and Risk Factors of Distant Metastasis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2017; 209:409-416. [DOI: 10.2214/ajr.16.17466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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160
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The HGF/SF Mouse Model of UV-Induced Melanoma as an In Vivo Sensor for Metastasis-Regulating Gene. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081647. [PMID: 28788083 PMCID: PMC5578037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous malignant melanoma is an aggressive and potentially lethal form of skin cancer, particularly in its advanced and therapy-resistant stages, and the need for novel therapeutics and prognostic tools is acute. Incidence of melanoma has steadily increased over the past few decades, with exposure to the genome-damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) well-recognized as a primary cause. A number of genetically-engineered mouse models (GEMMs) have been created that exhibit high incidence of spontaneous and induced forms of melanoma, and a select subset recapitulates its progression to aggressive and metastatic forms. These GEMMs hold considerable promise for providing insights into advanced stages of melanoma, such as potential therapeutic targets and prognostic markers, and as in vivo systems for testing of novel therapies. In this review, we summarize how the HGF/SF transgenic mouse has been used to reveal metastasis-regulating activity of four different genes (CDK4R24C, survivin and NME1/NME2) in the context of UV-induced melanoma. We also discuss how these models can potentially yield new strategies for clinical management of melanoma in its most aggressive forms.
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161
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Nguyen SM, Castrellon A, Vaidis O, Johnson AE. Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Ipilimumab Versus Stereotactic Radiosurgery Alone in Melanoma Brain Metastases. Cureus 2017; 9:e1511. [PMID: 28959506 PMCID: PMC5612568 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.1511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Benefits of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) have been well established in melanoma brain metastases (MBM). Immunotherapy agents such as ipilimumab (ipi) have recently demonstrated clinical efficacy in advanced disease as well. The theoretical synergistic effects of combining these therapies in MBM have not been explored in detail, however, we conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis of studies that compared combined SRS and ipi versus SRS alone in MBM. Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) and Central databases were used for our literature search, which was conducted by three reviewers. We included studies that examined SRS and ipilimumab compared to SRS alone in MBM. Pertinent results were tabulated in a standardized spreadsheet. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) Risk of Bias Assessment and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) method for rating evidence quality were used for qualitative analysis. Review Manager was used for statistical analysis. We identified four cohort studies that compared SRS plus ipi versus SRS alone in MBM. As per the GRADE criteria, we found low-quality evidence for survival benefits associated with combined treatment. Meta-analysis confirmed a significant benefit in survival for SRS and ipilimumab (hazard ratio 0.38, 95% confidence interval 0.28 – 0.52, p < 0.01). There were no significant differences between comparison groups for local control, distant brain control, radiation necrosis, or intracranial bleeding. We conclude that low-quality evidence exists for superior overall survival in MBM treated with SRS and ipilimumab compared to SRS without ipilimumab. There is also no increased risk of radiation necrosis and/or intracranial bleeding with combining radiation and immunotherapy in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oliver Vaidis
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of South Florida
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162
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Stem cell-released oncolytic herpes simplex virus has therapeutic efficacy in brain metastatic melanomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E6157-E6165. [PMID: 28710334 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1700363114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent Food and Drug Administration approval of immunogenic oncolytic virus (OV) has opened a new era in the treatment of advanced melanoma; however, approximately 50% of patients with melanoma develop brain metastasis, and currently there are no beneficial treatment options for such patients. To model the progression of metastases seen in patients and to overcome the hurdles of systemic delivery of OV, we developed melanoma brain metastasis models in immunocompromised and immunocompetent mice, and tested the fate and efficacy of oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV)-armed mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Using brain-seeking patient-derived melanoma cells and real-time in vivo imaging, we show a widespread distribution of micrometastases and macrometastases in the brain, recapitulating the progression of multifoci metastases seen in patients. We armed MSCs with different oHSV variants (MSC-oHSV) and found that intracarotid administration of MSC-oHSV, but not of purified oHSV alone, effectively tracks metastatic tumor lesions and significantly prolongs the survival of brain tumor-bearing mice. In a syngeneic model of melanoma brain metastasis, a combination of MSC-oHSV and PD-L1 blockade increases IFNγ-producing CD8+ tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes and results in a profound extension of the median survival of treated animals. This study thus demonstrates the utility of MSCs as OV carriers to disseminated brain lesions, and provides a clinically applicable therapeutic platform to target melanoma brain metastasis.
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163
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Pitcovski J, Shahar E, Aizenshtein E, Gorodetsky R. Melanoma antigens and related immunological markers. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 115:36-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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164
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Biswas R, Ghosh S, Bagchi A. A structural perspective on the interactions of TRAF6 and Basigin during the onset of melanoma: A molecular dynamics simulation study. J Mol Recognit 2017; 30. [PMID: 28612997 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is the most fatal type of skin cancer. The roles of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have well been established in the onset of melanoma. Basigin (BSG) belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and is critical for induction of extracellular MMPs during the onset of various cancers including melanoma. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is an E3-ligase that interacts with BSG and mediates its membrane localization, which leads to MMP expression in melanoma cells. This makes TRAF6 a potential therapeutic target in melanoma. We here conducted protein-protein interaction studies on TRAF6 and BSG to get molecular level insights of the reactions. The structure of human BSG was constructed by protein threading. Molecular-docking method was applied to develop the TRAF6-BSG complex. The refined docked complex was further optimized by molecular dynamics simulations. Results from binding free energy, surface properties, and electrostatic interaction analysis indicate that Lys340 and Glu417 of TRAF6 play as the anchor residues in the protein interaction interface. The current study will be helpful in designing specific modulators of TRAF6 to control melanoma metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, India
| | - Semanti Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, India
| | - Angshuman Bagchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, India
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165
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Fenton SE, Sosman JA, Chandra S. Emerging growth factor receptor antagonists for the treatment of advanced melanoma. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2017; 22:165-174. [PMID: 28562096 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2017.1336537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Therapy for metastatic melanoma has undergone a rapid transformation over the past 5-10 years. Advances in immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors, including both anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1/PD-L1, have led to durable responses in up to 50% of patients. As our understanding of the processes driving the transformation of melanocytes has improved, progress in targeted therapies has also continued. Areas covered: Angiogenesis and the tumor's dependence on an expanded vascular supply has been a target for novel therapies since the 1970's, as this tissue is derived from endothelial cells that are genetically stable in adults. A phase II trial studying combined therapy with bevacizumab (an inhibitor of angiogenesis) and ipilimumab found promising results. Other agents such as sorafenib have not been as successful, failing to extend progression free or overall survival in clinical trials. In this paper other targeted growth factor inhibitors will also be discussed. Expert opinion: Ultimately, melanoma may not be vulnerable solely to chemotherapy or targeted therapy, but may be efficaciously treated with immunotherapy due to its high mutational rate resulting in the expression of numerous neo-antigens. Therapies with combinations of agents including growth factor receptor and either other targeted therapies or immunotherapy may be a promising complimentary approach.
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166
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Adipogenic niches for melanoma cell colonization and growth in bone marrow. J Transl Med 2017; 97:737-745. [PMID: 28218738 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) adipocytes are abundant in BM and may be involved in the process of bone metastasis. However, their behaviors in metastatic BM niches during bone metastasis have not been fully explored. In this study, intracardiac transplantation of B16-F10 melanoma cells into immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice was performed. Tibial marrow sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) and analyzed using a histomorphometric system. The results showed that the number of BM adipocytes rapidly increased in melanoma metastatic BM niches, which were in direct contact with metastasizing melanoma cells and acted as a tumor stromal population in the BM-melanoma niche. Melanoma cell-derived factors could enhance BM adipogenesis, which promotes melanoma cell proliferation and cell cycle transitions. Moreover, BM adipocytes might aid in the modification of the osteolytic BM microenvironment. These results indicate that an increase in the number of BM adipocytes in a metastatic BM niche may facilitate melanoma cell colonization and growth in BM. BM adipocytes might therefore support the development of bone metastases.
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167
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Welinder C, Pawłowski K, Szasz AM, Yakovleva M, Sugihara Y, Malm J, Jönsson G, Ingvar C, Lundgren L, Baldetorp B, Olsson H, Rezeli M, Laurell T, Wieslander E, Marko-Varga G. Correlation of histopathologic characteristics to protein expression and function in malignant melanoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176167. [PMID: 28445515 PMCID: PMC5405986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metastatic melanoma is still one of the most prevalent skin cancers, which upon progression has neither a prognostic marker nor a specific and lasting treatment. Proteomic analysis is a versatile approach with high throughput data and results that can be used for characterizing tissue samples. However, such analysis is hampered by the complexity of the disease, heterogeneity of patients, tumors, and samples themselves. With the long term aim of quest for better diagnostics biomarkers, as well as predictive and prognostic markers, we focused on relating high resolution proteomics data to careful histopathological evaluation of the tumor samples and patient survival information. Patients and methods Regional lymph node metastases obtained from ten patients with metastatic melanoma (stage III) were analyzed by histopathology and proteomics using mass spectrometry. Out of the ten patients, six had clinical follow-up data. The protein deep mining mass spectrometry data was related to the histopathology tumor tissue sections adjacent to the area used for deep-mining. Clinical follow-up data provided information on disease progression which could be linked to protein expression aiming to identify tissue-based specific protein markers for metastatic melanoma and prognostic factors for prediction of progression of stage III disease. Results In this feasibility study, several proteins were identified that positively correlated to tumor tissue content including IF6, ARF4, MUC18, UBC12, CSPG4, PCNA, PMEL and MAGD2. The study also identified MYC, HNF4A and TGFB1 as top upstream regulators correlating to tumor tissue content. Other proteins were inversely correlated to tumor tissue content, the most significant being; TENX, EHD2, ZA2G, AOC3, FETUA and THRB. A number of proteins were significantly related to clinical outcome, among these, HEXB, PKM and GPNMB stood out, as hallmarks of processes involved in progression from stage III to stage IV disease and poor survival. Conclusion In this feasibility study, promising results show the feasibility of relating proteomics to histopathology and clinical outcome, and insight thus can be gained into the molecular processes driving the disease. The combined analysis of histological features including the sample cellular composition with protein expression of each metastasis enabled the identification of novel, differentially expressed proteins. Further studies are necessary to determine whether these putative biomarkers can be utilized in diagnostics and prognostic prediction of metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Welinder
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Dept. of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Centre of Excellence in Biological and Medical Mass Spectrometry “CEBMMS”, Biomedical Centre D13, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Krzysztof Pawłowski
- Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Dept. of Experimental Design and Bioinformatics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
- Dept. of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - A. Marcell Szasz
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Dept. of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Centre of Excellence in Biological and Medical Mass Spectrometry “CEBMMS”, Biomedical Centre D13, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- 2nd Dept. of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maria Yakovleva
- Centre of Excellence in Biological and Medical Mass Spectrometry “CEBMMS”, Biomedical Centre D13, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yutaka Sugihara
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Dept. of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Malm
- Centre of Excellence in Biological and Medical Mass Spectrometry “CEBMMS”, Biomedical Centre D13, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Dept. of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Göran Jönsson
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Dept. of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian Ingvar
- Dept. of Surgery, Dept. of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lotta Lundgren
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Dept. of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Dept. of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Baldetorp
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Dept. of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Dept. of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Dept. of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Cancer Epidemiology, Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Melinda Rezeli
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, BMC D13, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Laurell
- Centre of Excellence in Biological and Medical Mass Spectrometry “CEBMMS”, Biomedical Centre D13, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, BMC D13, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Wieslander
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Dept. of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - György Marko-Varga
- Centre of Excellence in Biological and Medical Mass Spectrometry “CEBMMS”, Biomedical Centre D13, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, BMC D13, Lund, Sweden
- First Dept. of Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) and uveal melanoma (UM) derive from cutaneous and uveal melanocytes that share the same embryonic origin and display the same cellular function. However, the etiopathogenesis and biological behaviors of these melanomas are very different. CM and UM display distinct landscapes of genetic alterations and show different metastatic routes and tropisms. Hence, therapeutic improvements achieved in the last few years for the treatment of CM have failed to ameliorate the clinical outcomes of patients with UM. The scope of this review is to discuss the differences in tumorigenic processes (etiologic factors and genetic alterations) and tumor biology (gene expression and signaling pathways) between CM and UM. We develop hypotheses to explain these differences, which might provide important clues for research avenues and the identification of actionable vulnerabilities suitable for the development of new therapeutic strategies for metastatic UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Pandiani
- U1065, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Côte d'Azur, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Guillaume E Béranger
- U1065, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Côte d'Azur, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Justine Leclerc
- U1065, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Côte d'Azur, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Robert Ballotti
- U1065, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Côte d'Azur, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Corine Bertolotto
- U1065, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Côte d'Azur, 06200 Nice, France
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Sammon J, Jain A, Bleakney R, Mohankumar R. Magnetic resonance imaging appearance of soft-tissue metastases: our experience at an orthopedic oncology center. Skeletal Radiol 2017; 46:513-521. [PMID: 28180954 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-017-2582-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence and magnetic resonance imaging appearance of metastasis presenting as a soft-tissue mass. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed on 51 patients who presented to an orthopedic oncology center with soft-tissue masses, with a histology-proven diagnosis of soft-tissue metastasis, over a 14-year period. Their magnetic resonance imaging, primary origin, and follow-up have been assessed. RESULTS Soft-tissue metastasis was identified in patients ranging from 18 to 85 years old. Most (80%) of the masses were located deep to the deep fascia. In our cohort of patients, melanoma was the most common primary malignancy contributing to soft-tissue metastasis (21.8%). Among soft-tissue metastasis from solid organs, breast and lung were the most frequent (9.1% each). Five patients had soft-tissue metastases from an unknown primary. CONCLUSION Imaging diagnosis of soft-tissue metastases is challenging as it can demonstrate imaging appearances similar to primary soft-tissue sarcoma. The presence of a known malignancy may not be evident in everyone, and even if available, histopathology will be necessary for diagnosis if this is the only site of recurrence/metastasis to differentiate from a primary soft-tissue sarcoma. Moreover, soft-tissue metastasis may be the initial presentation of a malignancy. Primary malignancies with soft-tissue metastasis carry a poor prognosis; hence, prompt diagnosis and management in essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Sammon
- Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X5
| | - Abhishek Jain
- Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X5
| | - Robert Bleakney
- Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X5
| | - Rakesh Mohankumar
- Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X5.
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170
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Recurrence behavior in early-stage cutaneous melanoma: pattern, timing, survival, and influencing factors. Melanoma Res 2017; 27:134-139. [DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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171
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Sperduto PW, Jiang W, Brown PD, Braunstein S, Sneed P, Wattson DA, Shih HA, Bangdiwala A, Shanley R, Lockney NA, Beal K, Lou E, Amatruda T, Sperduto WA, Kirkpatrick JP, Yeh N, Gaspar LE, Molitoris JK, Masucci L, Roberge D, Yu J, Chiang V, Mehta M. The Prognostic Value of BRAF, C-KIT, and NRAS Mutations in Melanoma Patients With Brain Metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017; 98:1069-1077. [PMID: 28721890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Brain metastases are a common problem in patients with melanoma, but little is known about the effect of gene mutations on survival in these patients. METHODS AND MATERIALS We created a retrospective multi-institutional database of 823 patients with melanoma and brain metastases diagnosed between 2006 and 2015. Clinical parameters, gene mutation status (BRAF, C-KIT, NRAS), and treatment were correlated with survival. Treatment patterns and outcomes were compared with a prior era (1985-2005). RESULTS BRAF status was known in 584 of 823 patients (71%). BRAF, NRAS, and C-KIT mutations were present in 51%, 22%, and 11% of tested patients, respectively. The median time from primary diagnosis to brain metastasis was 32 months, and overall median survival (MS) from the time of initial treatment of brain metastases was 10 months. MS for BRAF-positive and BRAF-negative patients was 13 months and 9 months, respectively (P=.02). There was no significant difference in MS in patients with or without NRAS or C-KIT mutations. The time from primary diagnosis to brain metastasis did not vary by mutation and was not associated with survival after the diagnosis of brain metastases. MS for the 1985 to 2005 and 2006 to 2015 cohorts was 6.7 months and 10.0 months, respectively (P<.01). Reflecting treatment-trend changes, use of whole-brain radiation therapy decreased from 48% to 26% during this period. Among BRAF-positive patients, 71% received targeted BRAF and/or MEK inhibitors and 57% received some combination of targeted therapy, chemotherapy, and/or immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS For melanoma patients with brain metastases, BRAF-positive patients survive longer than BRAF-negative patients and overall survival has improved from 1985-2005 to 2006-2015.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wen Jiang
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Steve Braunstein
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Penny Sneed
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel A Wattson
- Minneapolis Radiation Oncology, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Helen A Shih
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ananta Bangdiwala
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ryan Shanley
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Kathryn Beal
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Emil Lou
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | | | | | - Norman Yeh
- University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | | | | | - Laura Masucci
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Roberge
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - James Yu
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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172
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Uhrig M, Simons D, Bonekamp D, Schlemmer HP. Improved detection of melanoma metastases by iodine maps from dual energy CT. Eur J Radiol 2017; 90:27-33. [PMID: 28583644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2017.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metastatic disease in melanoma has an unpredictable nature with deposits in rare locations such as musculature. Dual energy CT (DECT) provides high contrast-visualization of enhancement by using spectral properties of iodine. Purpose of this study was to evaluate whether iodine maps from DECT improve lesion detection in staging examinations of melanoma patients. METHODS This retrospective study was approved by IRB and written informed consent was obtained from all patients. 75 contrast-enhanced DECT scans (thorax and abdomen) from 75 melanoma patients (n=69 stage IV; n=6 stage III) were analysed. For each patient, conventional CT and iodine maps were reviewed independently by two radiologists. The number of lesions detected by reviewing the iodine maps following conventional CT was recorded. Unweighted Cohens Kappa coefficient (κ) was used for concordance analysis, Wilcoxon test for comparing lesion detection rates. RESULTS In 26 patients, at least one reader found additional lesions on iodine maps (inter-reader agreement 89%, κ=0.74 (0.742-0.747)). Compared to grey-scale images, mean detection rate for metastases improved from 86% (range 82-90) to 94% (90-99%) (p≤0.01), for muscle metastases from 8% (8-8%) to 99% (98-100%) (p≤0.06). Findings included 2 pulmonary emboli. CONCLUSION Iodine maps from DECT improve detection of metastases, especially muscle metastases, and relevant findings in staging examinations of melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Uhrig
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Department of Radiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - David Simons
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Department of Radiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Bonekamp
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Department of Radiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heinz-Peter Schlemmer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Department of Radiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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173
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Titus L, Barnhill RL, Lott JP, Piepkorn MW, Elder DE, Chb MB, Frederick PD, Nelson HD, Carney PA, Knezevich SR, Weinstock MA, Elmore JG. The influence of tumor regression, solar elastosis, and patient age on pathologists' interpretation of melanocytic skin lesions. J Transl Med 2017; 97:187-193. [PMID: 27892931 PMCID: PMC5280085 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
It is not known whether patient age or tumor characteristics such as tumor regression or solar elastosis influence pathologists' interpretation of melanocytic skin lesions (MSLs). We undertook a study to determine the influence of these factors, and to explore pathologist's characteristics associated with the direction of diagnosis. To meet our objective, we designed a cross-sectional survey study of pathologists' clinical practices and perceptions. Pathologists were recruited from diverse practices in 10 states in the United States. We enrolled 207 pathologist participants whose practice included the interpretation of MSLs. Our findings indicated that the majority of pathologists (54.6%) were influenced toward a less severe diagnosis when patients were <30 years of age. Most pathologists were influenced toward a more severe diagnosis when patients were >70 years of age, or by the presence of tumor regression or solar elastosis (58.5%, 71.0%, and 57.0%, respectively). Generally, pathologists with dermatopathology board certification and/or a high caseload of MSLs were more likely to be influenced, whereas those with more years' experience interpreting MSL were less likely to be influenced. Our findings indicate that the interpretation of MSLs is influenced by patient age, tumor regression, and solar elastosis; such influence is associated with dermatopathology training and higher caseload, consistent with expertise and an appreciation of lesion complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Titus
- Departments of Epidemiology and of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH
| | - Raymond L. Barnhill
- Departments of Pathology, Institut Curie and Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | - Michael W. Piepkorn
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; Dermatopathology Northwest, Bellevue, WA
| | | | - MB Chb
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Paul D. Frederick
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Heidi D. Nelson
- Providence Cancer Center, Providence Health and Services Oregon, and Departments of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology and Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Patricia A. Carney
- Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | | | - Martin A. Weinstock
- Center for Dermatoepidemiology, VA Medical Center, Providence Department of Dermatology, Rhode Island Hospital; Departments of Dermatology and Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Joann G. Elmore
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
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174
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Ma Q, Chen YJ, Hines DM, Munakata J, Batty N, Barber BL, Zhao Z. Patterns of use of systemic therapies among patients with metastatic melanoma: a retrospective claims database analysis in the United States. J DERMATOL TREAT 2017; 28:549-553. [DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2016.1277176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiufei Ma
- Department of Global Health Economics, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | - Dionne M. Hines
- Health Economics & Outcomes Research, IMS Health, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Julie Munakata
- Real World Evidence Solutions, IMS Health, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicolas Batty
- Department of Medical Affairs, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Beth Louise Barber
- Department of Global Health Economics, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Zhongyun Zhao
- Department of Global Health Economics, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
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175
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Identification of a small molecule that downregulates MITF expression and mediates antimelanoma activity in vitro. Melanoma Res 2017; 26:117-24. [PMID: 26684062 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is a type of cancer arising from the melanocytes, which are the cells that make up the pigment melanin and are derived from the neural crest. There is no particularly effective therapy once the disease is metastatic, highlighting the need for discovery of novel potent agents. In this investigation, we adopted a zebrafish embryonic pigmentation model to identify antimelanoma agents by screening an in-house small molecule library. With this assay, we found that a small molecule compound, SKLB226, blocked zebrafish pigmentation and pigment cell migration. Mechanism of action studies showed that SKLB226 downregulated MITF mRNA level in both zebrafish embryos and mammalian melanoma cells. Further studies showed that it could efficiently suppress the viability and migration of mammalian melanoma cells. In summary, SKLB226 can be used as a chemical tool to study melanocyte development as well as an antimelanoma lead compound that should be subjected to further structural optimization.
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176
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Gonzalez CD, Hawkes JE, Bowles TL. Malignant melanoma scrotal metastasis: The importance of the genital examination. JAAD Case Rep 2017; 3:10-12. [PMID: 28054021 PMCID: PMC5198856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian D. Gonzalez
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jason E. Hawkes
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Tawnya L. Bowles
- Melanoma and Cutaneous Oncology Program, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah and Intermountain Health Care, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Correspondence to: Tawnya L. Bowles, MD, FACS, Department of Surgery, Intermountain Medical Center, 5169 Cottonwood Street, Suite 440, Murray, UT 84107.Department of SurgeryIntermountain Medical Center5169 Cottonwood Street, Suite 440MurrayUT84107
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177
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Wang Y, Ou Z, Sun Y, Yeh S, Wang X, Long J, Chang C. Androgen receptor promotes melanoma metastasis via altering the miRNA-539-3p/USP13/MITF/AXL signals. Oncogene 2016; 36:1644-1654. [PMID: 27869170 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Early studies demonstrated that male melanoma patients have worse survival than female patients, yet the detailed mechanisms for this gender difference remain unclear. We analyzed around 100 cases of human melanoma and found that androgen receptor (AR) positive melanoma patients have worse survival outcomes compared with AR-negative melanoma patients. Here we report that AR can have positive roles to increase melanoma cell invasion in multiple cell lines in vitro and a mouse model in vivo. Mechanism dissection suggest that AR increases melanoma cell invasion via modulating the MITF-AXL signals via altering the miRNA-539-3p/USP13 signaling to increase MITF protein degradation through a reduction of de-ubiquitination. Restoring MITF can reverse AR-enhanced melanoma cell invasion. Together, our results demonstrate that AR can promote melanoma metastasis via altering the miRNA-539-3p/USP13/MITF/AXL signal and targeting this newly identified signal with AR degradation enhancer ASC-J9 may help us to better suppress the melanoma metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Departments of Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology and Urology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, USA
| | - Z Ou
- Departments of Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology and Urology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, USA
| | - Y Sun
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology and Urology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, USA
| | - S Yeh
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology and Urology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, USA
| | - X Wang
- Departments of Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - J Long
- Departments of Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - C Chang
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology and Urology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, USA.,Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University/Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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178
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Gampa G, Vaidhyanathan S, Resman BW, Parrish KE, Markovic SN, Sarkaria JN, Elmquist WF. Challenges in the delivery of therapies to melanoma brain metastases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:309-325. [PMID: 28546917 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-016-0072-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Brain metastases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with advanced melanoma. Recent approval of several molecularly-targeted agents and biologics has brought hope to patients with this previously untreatable disease. However, patients with symptomatic melanoma brain metastases have often been excluded from pivotal clinical trials. This may be in part attributed to the fact that several of the approved small molecule molecularly-targeted agents are substrates for active efflux at the blood-brain barrier, limiting their effective delivery to brain metastases. We believe that successful treatment of melanoma brain metastases will depend on the ability of these agents to traverse the blood-brain barrier and reach micrometastases that are often not clinically detectable. Moreover, overcoming the emergence of a unique pattern of resistance, possibly through adequate delivery of combination targeted therapies in brain metastases will be important in achieving a durable response. These concepts, and the current challenges in the delivery of new treatments to melanoma brain metastases, are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautham Gampa
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shruthi Vaidhyanathan
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Brynna-Wilken Resman
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Karen E Parrish
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | - William F Elmquist
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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179
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Kuźbicki Ł, Lange D, Stanek-Widera A, Chwirot BW. Intratumoral expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a negative prognostic marker for patients with cutaneous melanoma. Melanoma Res 2016; 26:448-56. [PMID: 27391144 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Because of the well-known heterogeneity of melanomas, prognosis of the disease is often difficult to assess even for lesions classified in similar stages. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of COX-2 as a melanoma prognostic marker and to establish an optimum algorithm for analysis of COX-2 expression levels in lesions of interest. Expression of COX-2 was detected immunohistochemically in standard sections of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples of 85 primary melanomas, 36 lymph node metastases, and five skin metastases including 39 cases of paired primary and metastatic lesions obtained from the same patient. Enhanced expression of COX-2 in primary melanomas is an indicator of poorer prognosis. A significant correlation was found between high expression of COX-2 in primary lesions and shorter survival. The enhancement of COX-2 expression is also positively correlated with other prognostic factors such as tumor thickness and infiltration level, ulceration, high mitotic index, more invasive histologic type, vertical growth phase, and lymph node metastasis. On the whole, the results suggest that intratumoral expression of COX-2 is a strong negative prognostic marker for patients with melanoma. Moreover, our work shows that a simple and objective immunohistochemical scoring algorithm involving the determination of only a percentage fraction of positively stained cells is sufficient to obtain the prognostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Kuźbicki
- aDepartment of Medical Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń bDepartment of Tumor Pathology, Oncology Center - Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute, Gliwice, Poland
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180
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Kircher DA, Silvis MR, Cho JH, Holmen SL. Melanoma Brain Metastasis: Mechanisms, Models, and Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1468. [PMID: 27598148 PMCID: PMC5037746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of brain metastases in patients with advanced stage melanoma is common, but the molecular mechanisms responsible for their development are poorly understood. Melanoma brain metastases cause significant morbidity and mortality and confer a poor prognosis; traditional therapies including whole brain radiation, stereotactic radiotherapy, or chemotherapy yield only modest increases in overall survival (OS) for these patients. While recently approved therapies have significantly improved OS in melanoma patients, only a small number of studies have investigated their efficacy in patients with brain metastases. Preliminary data suggest that some responses have been observed in intracranial lesions, which has sparked new clinical trials designed to evaluate the efficacy in melanoma patients with brain metastases. Simultaneously, recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of melanoma cell dissemination to the brain have revealed novel and potentially therapeutic targets. In this review, we provide an overview of newly discovered mechanisms of melanoma spread to the brain, discuss preclinical models that are being used to further our understanding of this deadly disease and provide an update of the current clinical trials for melanoma patients with brain metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Kircher
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Mark R Silvis
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Joseph H Cho
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Sheri L Holmen
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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181
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Akladios FN, Andrew SD, Parkinson CJ. Investigation of the cytotoxic implications of metal chelators against melanoma and approaches to improve the cytotoxicity profiles of metal coordinating agents. Biometals 2016; 29:789-805. [PMID: 27389037 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-016-9945-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The cytotoxic activity of thiosemicarbazones (TSC) and thiocarbohydrazones was investigated against the MelRm melanoma cell line. In general, the melanoma line was susceptible to metal coordinating agents, the most useful of which incorporated the dipyridyl ketone hydrazone sub-structure. The impact of copper supplementation on the cytotoxic activity towards the melanoma line (MelRm) of metal coordinating agents when acting as ionophores is less predictable than the general improvement that has been seen in other cancer cells such as breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7). The bimetallic nature of thiocarbohydrazone complexes with resultant loss of lipophilicity is a limiting factor in usage against MelRm. The cytotoxic activity of TSC against MelRm when used as copper ionophores could be markedly improved through combination with a partner drug capable of disrupting cellular defences to oxidative stress. In the absence of copper supplementation, both TSC and thiocarbohydrazones could be used to initiate cell cycle arrest and this could be employed to improve cytotoxicity profiles of other metallodrugs such as cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fady N Akladios
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, 2800, Australia
| | - Scott D Andrew
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, 2800, Australia
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182
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Jiang Y, Shi X, Zhao Q, Krauthammer M, Rothberg BEG, Ma S. Integrated analysis of multidimensional omics data on cutaneous melanoma prognosis. Genomics 2016; 107:223-30. [PMID: 27141884 PMCID: PMC4893887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Multiple types of genetic, epigenetic, and genomic changes have been implicated in cutaneous melanoma prognosis. Many of the existing studies are limited in analyzing a single type of omics measurement and cannot comprehensively describe the biological processes underlying prognosis. As a result, the obtained prognostic models may be less satisfactory, and the identified prognostic markers may be less informative. The recently collected TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) data have a high quality and comprehensive omics measurements, making it possible to more comprehensively and more accurately model prognosis. In this study, we first describe the statistical approaches that can integrate multiple types of omics measurements with the assistance of variable selection and dimension reduction techniques. Data analysis suggests that, for cutaneous melanoma, integrating multiple types of measurements leads to prognostic models with an improved prediction performance. Informative individual markers and pathways are identified, which can provide valuable insights into melanoma prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA; VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Xingjie Shi
- Department of Statistics, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, RY34, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | | | - Bonnie E Gould Rothberg
- Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Pathology, Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Shuangge Ma
- VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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183
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Xu Z, Sun Y, Guo Y, Qin G, Mu S, Fan R, Wang B, Gao W, Wu H, Wang G, Zhang Z. NF-YA promotes invasion and angiogenesis by upregulating EZH2-STAT3 signaling in human melanoma cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:3630-8. [PMID: 27109360 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of angiogenesis is essential for tumor development and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is overexpressed in most human cancers, has been demonstrated to be a major modulator of angiogenesis. Thus, inhibition of VEGF signaling has the potential for tumor anti-angiogenic therapy. Signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) is a key regulator for angiogenesis by directly binding to the VEGF promoter to upregulate its transcription. Several factors can enhance STAT3 activity to affect angiogenesis. Here, we found that overexpression of nuclear transcription factor-Y alpha (NF-YA) gene could promote cell invasion and angiogenesis accompanying the increase of STAT3 signaling in human melanoma cells. Moreover, the expression and secretion of VEGF was also found to be upregulated by the overexpression of NF-YA gene in melanoma cells. The STAT3 inhibitor was able to attenuate the upregulation of VEGF induced by NF-YA overexpression. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), the catalytic subunit of the Polycomb repressive complex 2, enhances STAT3 activity by mediating its lysine methylation. We also showed that NF-YA upregulated the expression of EZH2 and NF-YA‑induced angiogenesis could be inhibited by EZH2 knockdown. Taken together, these findings indicate that overexpression of NF-YA contributes to tumor angiogenesis through EZH2-STAT3 signaling in human melanoma cells, highlighting NF-YA as a potential therapeutic target in human melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Xu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Yaowen Sun
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Yadong Guo
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Gaoping Qin
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Shengzhi Mu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Ronghui Fan
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Benfeng Wang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Gao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Hangli Wu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxin Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
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Strozyk EA, Desch A, Poeppelmann B, Magnolo N, Wegener J, Huck V, Schneider SW. Melanoma-derived IL-1 converts vascular endothelium to a proinflammatory and procoagulatory phenotype via NFκB activation. Exp Dermatol 2016; 23:670-6. [PMID: 25041487 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Spreading of melanoma is associated with efficient extravasation of circulating tumor cells from the vascular system into distant target organs. This process is accompanied and supported by proinflammatory and procoagulatory conditions. In this study, we analysed the ability of human melanoma cell lines to activate endothelial cells (ECs) in vitro. Some melanoma cells, that is, MV3, were shown to trigger an prompt calcium-flux-dependent, procoagulatory endothelial response that was accompanied by luminal release of ultra-large von Willebrand factor (ULVWF) fibres that were immobilized to the endothelial surface layer. In contrast to MV3-derived supernatant, prolonged treatment of ECs with WM9-derived supernatant mediated a pronounced activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB). NFκB activation in ECs was dependent on both IL-1α and IL-1β secreted from melanoma cells. Melanoma-derived IL-1 mediated an upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8, the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), the vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and the procoagulatory tissue factor (TF) in ECs. Our data show that melanoma cells activate ECs either directly and within seconds or by an IL-1-mediated NFκB activation. Both pathways of EC activation convert the regular repressive function of ECs on inflammation and coagulation to a proinflammatory and procoagulatory surface that supports tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elwira A Strozyk
- Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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185
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Liu JS, Rao S. Long-term drug costs per life-month gained associated with first-line treatments for unresectable or metastatic melanoma. Exp Hematol Oncol 2016; 5:9. [PMID: 27069772 PMCID: PMC4827222 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-016-0039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For unresectable or metastatic melanoma, first-line ipilimumab has demonstrated long-term survival benefits over a 7-year period. First-line treatment with BRAF inhibitors has demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials with up to 3 years of follow-up. The long-term comparative efficacy and costs of ipilimumab and BRAF inhibitors are unknown. METHODS Patient-level data from 12 clinical studies for ipilimumab were used. Survival data were extracted from included clinical trials for BRAF inhibitors based on a systematic literature review. Different parametric survival models, including exponential, Gompertz, log-normal, and Weibull models, were used to fit reported overall survival (OS) data and to project long-term survival for BRAF inhibitors. Survival benefits were measured in terms of total life-months gained as calculated by the area under the curve of OS Kaplan-Meier curves for the observed ipilimumab data and projected BRAF inhibitor data. Total life-months gained and cumulative costs per life-month gained were compared between ipilimumab and BRAF inhibitors. RESULTS The systematic literature review identified six randomized-controlled trials of BRAF inhibitors for subsequent analyses. With 7-year follow-up, ipilimumab was associated with a total of 28.5 life-months gained. Based on the Weibull model, the extrapolated total life-months gained for BRAF inhibitors were 26.5 months for dabrafenib, 21.3 months for trametinib, 14.3 months for vemurafenib, and 24.6 months for dabrafenib + trametinib. In sensitivity analyses, extrapolated total life-months gained varied across the three other models, ranging from 13.7 to 36.8 months across therapies. Cumulative costs per life-month gained with ipilimumab decreased steadily over time, while the costs remained constant for BRAF inhibitors due to continuous dosing. By year 3, cumulative costs per life-month gained were the lowest with ipilimumab; by year 7, the costs were $4281 for ipilimumab, compared with $8920 for dabrafenib, $10,211 for trametinib, $11,002 for vemurafenib, and $19,132 for the dabrafenib + trametinib combination therapy. CONCLUSIONS Ipilimumab was associated with a better long-term cost-per-life month compared to BRAF agents. Long-term extrapolation of survival with BRAF agents was uncertain, and showed no evidence of prolonged survival compared to ipilimumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun S. Liu
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
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186
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Abstract
The malignant cell in melanoma is the melanocyte. Because melanocytes are located in the basal layer of the epidermis, melanoma is most commonly seen on the skin. However, melanoma can also arise on mucosal surfaces such as the oral cavity, the upper gastrointestinal mucosa, the genital mucosa, as well as the uveal tract of the eye and leptomeninges. Melanomas tend to be pigmented but can also present as pink or red lesions. They can mimic benign or other malignant skin lesions. This chapter presents the spectrum of typical and less typical presentations of melanoma, as well as patterns of spread. It is divided into (1) cutaneous lesions; (2) patterns of regional spread, (3) non-cutaneous lesions; and (4) distant metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Kibbi
- Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Harriet Kluger
- Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA.
| | - Jennifer Nam Choi
- Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
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188
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Doniņa S, Strēle I, Proboka G, Auziņš J, Alberts P, Jonsson B, Venskus D, Muceniece A. Adapted ECHO-7 virus Rigvir immunotherapy (oncolytic virotherapy) prolongs survival in melanoma patients after surgical excision of the tumour in a retrospective study. Melanoma Res 2015; 25:421-6. [PMID: 26193376 PMCID: PMC4560272 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An oncolytic, nonpathogenic ECHO-7 virus adapted for melanoma that has not been genetically modified (Rigvir) is approved and registered for virotherapy, an active and specific immunotherapy, in Latvia since 2004. The present retrospective study was carried out to determine the effectiveness of Rigvir in substage IB, IIA, IIB and IIC melanoma patients on time to progression and overall survival. White patients (N=79) who had undergone surgical excision of the primary melanoma tumour were included in this study. All patients were free from disease after surgery and classified into substages IB, IIA, IIB and IIC. Circulating levels of clinical chemistry parameters were recorded. Survival was analysed by Cox regression. Rigvir significantly (P<0.05) prolonged survival in substage IB-IIC melanoma patients following surgery compared with patients who were under observation (according to current guidelines). The hazard ratio for patients under observation versus treated with Rigvir was statistically significantly different: hazard ratio 6.27 for all, 4.39 for substage IIA-IIB-IIC and 6.57 for substage IIB-IIC patients. The follow-up period was not statistically different between both treatment groups. These results indicate that the patients treated with Rigvir had a 4.39-6.57-fold lower mortality than those under observation. In this study, there was no untoward side effect or discontinuation of Rigvir treatment. Safety assessment of adverse events graded according to NCI CTCAE did not show any value above grade 2 in Rigvir-treated patients. In conclusion, Rigvir significantly prolongs survival in early-stage melanoma patients without any side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Doniņa
- Outpatient Department, Riga Eastern Clinical University Hospital
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology
| | - Ieva Strēle
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Riga Stradiņš University
| | - Guna Proboka
- Outpatient Department, Riga Eastern Clinical University Hospital
| | | | | | - Björn Jonsson
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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189
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Metastatic patterns and metastatic sites in mucosal melanoma: a retrospective study. Eur Radiol 2015; 26:1826-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-015-3992-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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190
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Ruof J, Flückiger O, Andre N. Early Benefit Assessments in Oncology in Germany: How Can a Clinically Relevant Endpoint Not Be Relevant to Patients? Drugs R D 2015; 15:221-6. [PMID: 26286202 PMCID: PMC4561053 DOI: 10.1007/s40268-015-0100-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
After 4 years of early benefit assessment (EBA) in Germany, it is becoming evident that the Federal Joint Committee (FJC) frequently considers well-established clinical endpoints as not being relevant to patients. Focusing on assessments of oncology medicines, we analysed the FJC's view on primary endpoints and compared it with the approach used by regulatory authorities. Mortality data were accepted by both stakeholders. Whereas regulatory authorities accepted primary morbidity endpoints such as progression-free survival and response rates, the FJC mostly excluded these from its assessments. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) data have been poorly reflected in the approval process; for EBAs, those data have rarely impacted on benefit ratings. We argue that agreement between regulatory authorities and the FJC is required regarding primary study endpoints that are relevant to patients, and that clarification of acceptable endpoints by the FJC, especially in the morbidity domain, has to be provided. Moreover, in order to fully acknowledge the benefit of a new medicinal product, mortality, morbidity and HRQoL should be weighted differentially, according to the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Ruof
- Roche Pharma AG, Emil-Barrell-Str. 1, 79639, Grenzach-Wyhlen, Germany,
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191
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Faghfuri E, Faramarzi MA, Nikfar S, Abdollahi M. Nivolumab and pembrolizumab as immune-modulating monoclonal antibodies targeting the PD-1 receptor to treat melanoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2015; 15:981-93. [PMID: 26313415 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2015.1074862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is an important issue in oncology due to its high incidence, high mortality, and resistance to systemic therapy; however, targeted immunotherapy has noticeably improved the survival rates of melanoma patients. Promising targeted immunotherapies for malignant melanoma include the blockade of immune checkpoints with antibodies targeting cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 and the programmed cell death protein 1 pathway. The US FDA-approved antibody ipilimumab targets cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4; however, it was limited by toxicity and a low response. Nivolumab and pembrolizumab (formerly lambrolizumab), the two FDA-approved anti-programmed death-1 monoclonal antibodies, show highly durable response rates and long-term safety, validating the importance of the programmed cell death protein 1 pathway blockade for treatment of malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Faghfuri
- a 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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192
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Mundra V, Peng Y, Kumar V, Li W, Miller DD, Mahato RI. Systemic delivery of nanoparticle formulation of novel tubulin inhibitor for treating metastatic melanoma. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2015; 5:199-208. [PMID: 25924699 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-015-0226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Clinical translation of tubulin inhibitors for treating melanoma is limited by multidrug efflux transporters, poor aqueous solubility, and dose-limiting peripheral toxicities. Tubulin inhibitors with efficacy in taxane-resistant cancers are promising drug candidates and can be used as single agent or in conjunction with other chemotherapy. Systemic therapy of such a novel tubulin inhibitor, 2-(1H-indol-5-yl)thiazol-4-yl)3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl methanone (abbreviated as LY293), is limited by its poor aqueous solubility. The objective of this study was to design a polymeric nanocarrier for systemic administration of LY293 to improve tumor accumulation and reduce side effects of tubulin inhibitor in a lung metastasis melanoma mouse model. Methoxy polyethylene glycol-b-poly(carbonate-co-lactide) (mPEG-b-P(CB-co-LA)) random copolymer was synthesized and characterized by ¹H NMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Polymeric nanoparticles were formulated using oil/water (o/w) emulsification method with a mean particle size of 150 nm and loading efficiency of 7.40%. Treatment with LY293-loaded nanoparticles effectively inhibited the proliferation of melanoma cells in vitro and exhibited concentration-dependent cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase. Mitotic arrest activated the intrinsic apoptotic machinery by increasing the cellular levels of cleaved poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) and fraction of sub-G1 cells. In vivo, LY293-loaded nanoparticles significantly inhibited the proliferation of highly aggressive metastasized melanoma in a syngeneic lung metastasis melanoma mouse model without toxicity to vital organs. In conclusion, we have designed a promising polymeric nanocarrier for systemic delivery of LY293 for treating metastatic melanoma while minimizing the toxicity associated with the administration of cosolvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Mundra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6025, USA
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193
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Welinder C, Pawłowski K, Sugihara Y, Yakovleva M, Jönsson G, Ingvar C, Lundgren L, Baldetorp B, Olsson H, Rezeli M, Jansson B, Laurell T, Fehniger T, Döme B, Malm J, Wieslander E, Nishimura T, Marko-Varga G. A protein deep sequencing evaluation of metastatic melanoma tissues. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123661. [PMID: 25874936 PMCID: PMC4395420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma has the highest increase of incidence of malignancies in the western world. In early stages, front line therapy is surgical excision of the primary tumor. Metastatic disease has very limited possibilities for cure. Recently, several protein kinase inhibitors and immune modifiers have shown promising clinical results but drug resistance in metastasized melanoma remains a major problem. The need for routine clinical biomarkers to follow disease progression and treatment efficacy is high. The aim of the present study was to build a protein sequence database in metastatic melanoma, searching for novel, relevant biomarkers. Ten lymph node metastases (South-Swedish Malignant Melanoma Biobank) were subjected to global protein expression analysis using two proteomics approaches (with/without orthogonal fractionation). Fractionation produced higher numbers of protein identifications (4284). Combining both methods, 5326 unique proteins were identified (2641 proteins overlapping). Deep mining proteomics may contribute to the discovery of novel biomarkers for metastatic melanoma, for example dividing the samples into two metastatic melanoma "genomic subtypes", ("pigmentation" and "high immune") revealed several proteins showing differential levels of expression. In conclusion, the present study provides an initial version of a metastatic melanoma protein sequence database producing a total of more than 5000 unique protein identifications. The raw data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with identifiers PXD001724 and PXD001725.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Welinder
- Oncology and Pathology, Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Centre of Excellence in Biological and Medical Mass Spectrometry “CEBMMS”, Biomedical Centre D13, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Yutaka Sugihara
- Oncology and Pathology, Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Yakovleva
- National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Göran Jönsson
- Oncology and Pathology, Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian Ingvar
- Surgery, Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lotta Lundgren
- Oncology and Pathology, Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Baldetorp
- Oncology and Pathology, Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Oncology and Pathology, Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Cancer Epidemiology, Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Melinda Rezeli
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Jansson
- Oncology and Pathology, Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Laurell
- Centre of Excellence in Biological and Medical Mass Spectrometry “CEBMMS”, Biomedical Centre D13, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Fehniger
- Oncology and Pathology, Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Centre of Excellence in Biological and Medical Mass Spectrometry “CEBMMS”, Biomedical Centre D13, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Balazs Döme
- National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johan Malm
- Section for Clinical Chemistry, Dept. of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital in Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Wieslander
- Oncology and Pathology, Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Toshihide Nishimura
- Oncology and Pathology, Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Centre of Excellence in Biological and Medical Mass Spectrometry “CEBMMS”, Biomedical Centre D13, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- First Dept. of Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - György Marko-Varga
- Centre of Excellence in Biological and Medical Mass Spectrometry “CEBMMS”, Biomedical Centre D13, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- First Dept. of Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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194
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Augustyn A, de Leon ED, Yopp AC. Primary gastric melanoma: case report of a rare malignancy. Rare Tumors 2015; 7:5683. [PMID: 25918612 PMCID: PMC4387358 DOI: 10.4081/rt.2015.5683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the case of a 64-year-old white male who presented to his primary care physician with complaints of fatigue. Physical exam was unremarkable and laboratory studies revealed profound anemia, for which the patient received a transfusion. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a bleeding mass in the proximal stomach that was histologically determined to be malignant melanoma, with immunohistochemical staining demonstrating positivity for SOX10, S100, MART-1, and HMG-45. After an extensive dermatological exam no other primary lesion was identified. Whole body positron emission tomography (18-FDG-PET/CT) demonstrated pathologic uptake only in the area of the proximal stomach. For this reason, primary gastric melanoma was suspected in this patient. The patient underwent subtotal gastrectomy with mass excision followed by Roux-en-Y reconstruction. Very few cases of primary gastric melanoma have been reported. We report this case and present diagnostic criteria for primary non-cutaneous melanoma and discuss potential non-surgical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Augustyn
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA ; Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Emma Diaz de Leon
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Adam C Yopp
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA ; Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA
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195
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Feltmate K, Janiszewski PM, Gingerich S, Cloutier M. Delayed access to treatments for rare diseases: Who's to blame? Respirology 2015; 20:361-9. [DOI: 10.1111/resp.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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196
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Chakraborty PS, Dhull VS, Karunanithi S, Verma S, Kumar R. Malignant melanoma with cavitary pulmonary metastasis: Diagnostic dilemma resolved by FDG PET/CT guided biopsy. Indian J Nucl Med 2014; 29:196-7. [PMID: 25210296 PMCID: PMC4157204 DOI: 10.4103/0972-3919.136604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Varun Singh Dhull
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sellam Karunanithi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Satyavrat Verma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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197
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Enhancement of electroporation facilitated immunogene therapy via T-reg depletion. Cancer Gene Ther 2014; 21:349-54. [PMID: 25034887 PMCID: PMC4139741 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2014.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (T-regs) can negatively impact tumor antigen-specific immune responses after infiltration into tumor tissue. However, depletion of T-regs can facilitate enhanced anti-tumor responses, thus augmenting the potential for immunotherapies. Here we focus on treating a highly aggressive form of cancer using a murine melanoma model with a poor prognosis. We utilize a combination of T-reg depletion and immunotherapy plasmid DNA delivered into the B16F10 melanoma tumor model via electroporation. Plasmids encoding murine granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and human B71 were transfected with electroporation into the tumor and transient elimination of T-regs was achieved with CD25-depleting antibodies (PC61). The combinational treatment effectively depleted T-regs compared to the untreated tumor and significantly reduced lung metastases. The combination treatment was not effective in increasing the survival, but only effective in suppression of metastases. These results indicate the potential for combining T-reg depletion with immunotherapy-based gene electrotransfer to decrease systemic metastasis and potentially enhance survival.
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198
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Metastatic malignant melanoma with peritoneal seeding in a young woman: A case report. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2014; 57:240-3. [PMID: 24883298 PMCID: PMC4038693 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.2014.57.3.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanomas of the uterus, either primary or metastatic, are extremely rare. They can be mistaken as other tumors, such as uterine sarcomas during diagnosis. We describe here the first case of a metastatic melanoma of the uterus with peritoneal seeding in a young woman. It was first diagnosed as a uterine sarcoma from a frozen-section biopsy.
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199
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Bai J, Xie X, Lei Y, An G, He L, Lv X. Ocular albinism type 1-induced melanoma cell migration is mediated through the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:491-5. [PMID: 24736838 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma has the highest risk of mortality among all types of skin cancer due to its highly metastatic potential. The ocular albinism type 1 (OA1) protein is a pigment cell‑specific glycoprotein, which shares significant structural and functional features with G protein‑coupled receptors. However, the role of OA1 in melanoma has yet to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate whether OA1 is involved in melanoma cell migration. OA1 was found to stimulate cell migration in a dose‑dependent manner in cultured human melanoma cells. Furthermore, knockdown of OA1 using small interfering RNA was observed to significantly inhibit melanoma cell migration. In addition, the mechanism underlying OA1‑induced melanoma cell migration was investigated. Stimulation of the RAS/RAF/mitogen activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) pathway using growth factors enhanced OA1 expression and melanoma cell migration, whereas inhibition of this pathway using U0126 was observed to markedly decrease OA1 expression and the number of migrated cells. These findings indicate that OA1 is involved in melanoma cell migration and that OA1‑induced melanoma cell migration is mediated through the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Therefore, OA1 may serve as a novel therapeutic target for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Bai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of The School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P.R. China
| | - Yun Lei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of The School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Gaili An
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of The School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Li He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of The School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Lv
- Department of Translational Medicine, Institute of Integrated Medical Information, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710016, P.R. China
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200
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Kuzu OF, Gowda R, Sharma A, Robertson GP. Leelamine mediates cancer cell death through inhibition of intracellular cholesterol transport. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:1690-703. [PMID: 24688051 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Leelamine is a promising compound for the treatment of cancer; however, the molecular mechanisms leading to leelamine-mediated cell death have not been identified. This report shows that leelamine is a weakly basic amine with lysosomotropic properties, leading to its accumulation inside acidic organelles such as lysosomes. This accumulation leads to homeostatic imbalance in the lysosomal endosomal cell compartments that disrupts autophagic flux and intracellular cholesterol trafficking as well as receptor-mediated endocytosis. Electron micrographs of leelamine-treated cancer cells displayed accumulation of autophagosomes, membrane whorls, and lipofuscin-like structures, indicating disruption of lysosomal cell compartments. Early in the process, leelamine-mediated killing was a caspase-independent event triggered by cholesterol accumulation, as depletion of cholesterol using β-cyclodextrin treatment attenuated the cell death and restored the subcellular structures identified by electron microscopy. Protein microarray-based analyses of the intracellular signaling cascades showed alterations in RTK-AKT/STAT/MAPK signaling cascades, which was subsequently confirmed by Western blotting. Inhibition of Akt, Erk, and Stat signaling, together with abnormal deregulation of receptor tyrosine kinases, was caused by the inhibition of receptor-mediated endocytosis. This study is the first report demonstrating that leelamine is a lysosomotropic, intracellular cholesterol transport inhibitor with potential chemotherapeutic properties leading to inhibition of autophagic flux and induction of cholesterol accumulation in lysosomal/endosomal cell compartments. Importantly, the findings of this study show the potential of leelamine to disrupt cholesterol homeostasis for treatment of advanced-stage cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer F Kuzu
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey Melanoma Center
| | - Raghavendra Gowda
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey Melanoma Center
| | - Arati Sharma
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey Melanoma Center; Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program; and
| | - Gavin P Robertson
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Pharmacology, Pathology, Dermatology, and Surgery; Penn State Hershey Melanoma Center; Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program; and The Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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