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Identification of cuproptosis-related subtypes and development of a prognostic signature in colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17348. [PMID: 36253436 PMCID: PMC9576756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cuproptosis, a novel form of copper-mediated regulated cell death, participates in tumor progression. However, the role of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the cuproptosis subtypes and build a predictive model to improve the prognosis of patients with CRC. Gene expression data were downloaded from the TCGA database to identify distinct molecular subtypes using a non-negative matrix factorization algorithm. A robust and efficient prognostic signature was constructed by performing multivariate Cox regression analysis and further validated using the Gene Expression Omnibus cohort. Based on the gene expression matrix of CRC, the abundance of infiltrating immune cells and tumour microenvironment scores were calculated using the CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE algorithms, respectively. The pRRophetic algorithm was used to predict the sensitivity of the patients to different chemotherapy drugs. Two distinct molecular subtypes were identified based on 41 CRGs, with subtype C1 being characterized by an advanced clinical stage and worse overall survival. A prognostic signature was constructed based on the DEGs between the two cuproptosis subtypes, and its predictive ability was validated in an external database. Patients with CRC who belonged to the low-risk group had significantly higher survival rates than those who belonged to the high-risk group. Additionally, it remained a valid prognostic indicator in strata of age, sex, tumor location, and TNM stage, and its significance persisted after the multivariate Cox regression analysis. By further analyzing the prognostic signature, a higher immune score was observed in the low-risk group, which presented a better prognosis. AKT.inhibitor.VIII, doxorubicin, lenalidomide, and tipiparnib were more sensitive in the high-risk score group. A highly accurate nomogram was constructed to improve clinical application of the risk score. Compared with an ideal nomogram, our model, consisting of clinicopathological features, performed well in predicting patient survival. In conclusion, our study provides new ways and perspectives for the prediction of the prognosis of patients with CRC and guide more effective treatment regimens.
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152
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Wang L, Li S, Luo H, Lu Q, Yu S. PCSK9 promotes the progression and metastasis of colon cancer cells through regulation of EMT and PI3K/AKT signaling in tumor cells and phenotypic polarization of macrophages. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:303. [PMID: 36242053 PMCID: PMC9563506 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02477-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is the ninth member of the proprotein convertase family that regulates lipoprotein homeostasis and altered PCSK9 expression was reportedly associated with tumor development and progression. This study assessed PCSK9 expression and functions in human colon cancer and then explored the underlying molecular events. Methods Colon cancer tissues were utilized for analysis of PCSK9 expression for association with clinicopathological factors from patients by immunohistochemistry assay. Manipulation of PCSK9 expression was assessed in vitro and in vivo for colon cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion using cell viability CCK-8, Transwell tumor cell migration and invasion, and wound-healing assays. Next, proteomic analysis, Western blot, qRT-PCR and Flow cytometry were conducted to assess downstream targets and tumor cell-derived PCSK9 action on macrophage polarization. Results PCSK9 expression was upregulated in colon cancer tissues versus the normal tissues, and associated with advanced tumor pathological grade. Knockdown of PCSK9 expression reduced colon cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and suppressed tumor metastasis in vivo. PCSK9 directly or indirectly upregulated Snail 1 and in turn to downregulate E-cadherin expression, but upregulate N-cadherin and MMP9 levels and thereafter, to induce colon cancer cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and activated PI3K/AKT signaling. However, PCSK9 overexpression showed the inverse effects on colon cancer cells. Knockdown of PCSK9 expression inhibited M2 macrophage polarization, but also promoted M1 macrophage polarization by reduction of lactate, protein lactylation and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) levels. Conclusion PCSK9 played an important role in the progression and metastasis of colon cancer by regulation of tumor cell EMT and PI3K/AKT signaling and in the phenotypic polarization of macrophages by mediating MIF and lactate levels. Targeting PCSK9 expression or activity could be used to effectively control colon cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02477-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- grid.452222.10000 0004 4902 7837Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China ,grid.410638.80000 0000 8910 6733Department of Pharmacy, Central Hospital Affiliated to, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Shuangshuang Li
- grid.452222.10000 0004 4902 7837Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Huanhua Luo
- grid.410638.80000 0000 8910 6733Department of Pharmacy, Central Hospital Affiliated to, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Qi Lu
- grid.452222.10000 0004 4902 7837Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Shuwen Yu
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Phase I Drug Clinical Trial Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China
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153
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lncRNA TRPM2-AS Promotes Colorectal Cancer Progression by Regulating miR-22-3p and FSTL1. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:1366511. [PMID: 36268275 PMCID: PMC9578789 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1366511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. In recent years, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) relate to many biological processes, which affect the progression of tumors. Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 antisense RNA (TRPM2-AS) is reported to play an oncogene-like role in tumors. TRPM2-AS is highly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC), but the mechanism of TRPM2-AS is still unclear. The regulatory mechanism of TRPM2-AS in the occurrence of CRC was explored, so as to find new markers and therapeutic targets for CRC. Methods. TRPM2-AS and miR-22-3p expression in CRC cells were measured through reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Then, TRPM2-AS knockdown cell lines were constructed, and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), clone formation, wound healing, and invasion assays were used to detect cell malignant behavior. Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) protein was detected by western blotting. The interaction between miR-22-3p and TRPM2-AS or FSTL1 was verified by the luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Subcutaneous xenografts were performed using animal experiments. Results. TRPM2-AS expression in CRC cells was increased, and miR-22-3p expression was decreased in CRC cells. TRPM2-AS inhibition inhibited cell malignant behavior. miR-22-3p has a targeting relationship with TRPM2-AS and FSTL1. In cells, downregulation of TRPM2-AS expression promoted miR-22-3p and inhibited FSTL1 expression, while mimics inhibited FSTL1 expression. miR-22-3p inhibition or FSTL1 overexpression could offset the inhibition of TRPM2-AS downregulation on CRC cells. Conclusions. The TRPM2-AS/miR-22-3p/FSTL1 regulation axis could regulate CRC cell malignant behavior, which may provide a new perspective for interpreting the mechanism of CRC development.
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154
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Kudo-Saito C, Boku N, Hirano H, Shoji H. Targeting myeloid villains in the treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors in gastrointestinal cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1009701. [PMID: 36211375 PMCID: PMC9539086 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1009701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the clinical outcomes being extremely limited, blocking immune inhibitory checkpoint pathways has been in the spotlight as a promising strategy for treating gastrointestinal cancer. However, a distinct strategy for the successful treatment is obviously needed in the clinical settings. Myeloid cells, such as neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, and mast cells, are the majority of cellular components in the human immune system, but have received relatively less attention for the practical implementation than T cells and NK cells in cancer therapy because of concentration of the interest in development of the immune checkpoint blocking antibody inhibitors (ICIs). Abnormality of myeloid cells must impact on the entire host, including immune responses, stromagenesis, and cancer cells, leading to refractory cancer. This implies that elimination and reprogramming of the tumor-supportive myeloid villains may be a breakthrough to efficiently induce potent anti-tumor immunity in cancer patients. In this review, we provide an overview of current situation of the IC-blocking therapy of gastrointestinal cancer, including gastric, colorectal, and esophageal cancers. Also, we highlight the possible oncoimmunological components involved in the mechanisms underlying the resistance to the ICI therapy, particularly focusing on myeloid cells, including unique subsets expressing IC molecules. A deeper understanding of the molecular and cellular determinants may facilitate its practical implementation of targeting myeloid villains, and improve the clinical outcomes in the ICI therapy of gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Kudo-Saito
- Department of Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Chie Kudo-Saito,
| | - Narikazu Boku
- Department of Oncology and General Medicine, Institute of Medical Science Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Hirano
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Shoji
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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155
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Hu D, Zhou Z, Wang J, Zhu K. Screening of ferroptosis-related genes with prognostic effect in colorectal cancer by bioinformatic analysis. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:979854. [PMID: 36203871 PMCID: PMC9531163 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.979854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a common malignant tumor of digestive tract with high incidence rate and high mortality in the worldwide. The current clinical treatments of CRC often fail to achieve satisfactory results. Searching for more effective prediction or prognosis biomarkers, or developing more targeted therapeutic schedule may help to improve the outcomes of CRC patients. Here, we tried to study the effect of ferroptosis-related genes on CRC prognosis and make it clearer that ferroptosis has connection with immune environment. First, we obtained gene expression data of CRC and normal tissues, as well as corresponding clinical data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were intersected with ferroptosis-related gene set downloaded from FerrDb database, and 93 abnormally expressed ferroptosis-related genes were obtained. Then, these genes were analyzed for functional enrichment. Univariate Cox regression and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to establish prognostic model based on ferroptosis-related genes. In the process of exploring the correlation between prognostic genes and immune infiltration, we found that these genes were closely related to B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages and other cells in CRC. In addition, we found a large proportion of plasma cells and macrophages in TCGA-COADREAD. Finally, a prognostic nomogram of ferroptosis-related genes was established, including age, sex, grade and other predicted values. To summary, we established a prognostic model of colorectal cancer (CRC) based on ferroptosis-related genes and further explored the relationship between these genes with immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhengyang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kegan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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156
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Cheng LS, Cheng YF, Liu WT, Shen A, Zhang D, Xu T, Yin W, Cheng M, Ma X, Wang F, Zhao Q, Zeng X, Zhang Y, Shen G. A humanized 4-1BB-targeting agonistic antibody exerts potent antitumor activity in colorectal cancer without systemic toxicity. Lab Invest 2022; 20:415. [PMID: 36076251 PMCID: PMC9461191 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03619-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies and the patient survival rate remains unacceptably low. The anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody-based immune checkpoint inhibitors have been added to CRC treatment regimens, however, only a fraction of patients benefits. As an important co-stimulatory molecule, 4-1BB/CD137 is mainly expressed on the surface of immune cells including T and natural killer (NK) cells. Several agonistic molecules targeting 4-1BB have been clinically unsuccessful due to systemic toxicity or weak antitumor effects. We generated a humanized anti-4-1BB IgG4 antibody, HuB6, directed against a unique epitope and hypothesized that it would promote antitumor immunity with high safety. Methods The antigen binding specificity, affinity and activity of HuB6 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), biolayer interferometry (BLI) and flow cytometry. The antitumor effects were evaluated in humanized mice bearing syngeneic tumors, and possible toxicity was evaluated in humanized mice and cynomolgus monkeys. Results HuB6 showed high specificity and affinity for a binding epitope distinct from those of other known 4-1BB agonists, including utomilumab and urelumab, and induced CD8 + T, CD4 + T and NK cell stimulation dependent on Fcγ receptor (FcγR) crosslinking. HuB6 inhibited CRC tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner, and the antitumor effect was similar with urelumab and utomilumab in humanized mouse models of syngeneic CRC. Furthermore, HuB6 combined with an anti-PD-L1 antibody significantly inhibited CRC growth in vivo. Additionally, HuB6 induced antitumor immune memory in tumor model mice rechallenged with 4 × 106 tumor cells. Toxicology data for humanized 4-1BB mice and cynomolgus monkeys showed that HuB6 could be tolerated up to a 180 mg/kg dose without systemic toxicity. Conclusions This study demonstrated that HuB6 should be a suitable candidate for further clinical development and a potential agent for CRC immunotherapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03619-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Sheng Cheng
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Gerontology Institute of Anhui Province, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.,Hefei HankeMab Biotechnology Limited, Hefei, 230088, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Yong-Feng Cheng
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Wen-Ting Liu
- Hefei HankeMab Biotechnology Limited, Hefei, 230088, Anhui, China
| | - Aolin Shen
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Dayan Zhang
- Hefei HankeMab Biotechnology Limited, Hefei, 230088, Anhui, China
| | - Tingjuan Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Gerontology Institute of Anhui Province, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Wu Yin
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Gerontology Institute of Anhui Province, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Min Cheng
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Gerontology Institute of Anhui Province, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaopeng Ma
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
| | - Fengrong Wang
- Hefei HankeMab Biotechnology Limited, Hefei, 230088, Anhui, China
| | - Qun Zhao
- Hefei HankeMab Biotechnology Limited, Hefei, 230088, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoli Zeng
- Hefei HankeMab Biotechnology Limited, Hefei, 230088, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Guodong Shen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Gerontology Institute of Anhui Province, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China. .,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
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157
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Huang Y, Zhou J, Zhong H, Xie N, Zhang FR, Zhang Z. Identification of a novel lipid metabolism-related gene signature for predicting colorectal cancer survival. Front Genet 2022; 13:989327. [PMID: 36147494 PMCID: PMC9485806 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.989327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor worldwide. Lipid metabolism is a prerequisite for the growth, proliferation and invasion of cancer cells. However, the lipid metabolism-related gene signature and its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study was to establish a lipid metabolism signature risk model for survival prediction in CRC and to investigate the effect of gene signature on the immune microenvironment. Lipid metabolism-mediated genes (LMGs) were obtained from the Molecular Signatures Database. The consensus molecular subtypes were established using "ConsensusClusterPlus" based on LMGs and the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) data. The risk model was established using univariate and multivariate Cox regression with TCGA database and independently validated in the international cancer genome consortium (ICGC) datasets. Immune infiltration in the risk model was developed using CIBERSORT and xCell analyses. A total of 267 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between subtype 1 and subtype 2 from consensus molecular subtypes, including 153 upregulated DEGs and 114 downregulated DEGs. 21 DEGs associated with overall survival (OS) were selected using univariate Cox regression analysis. Furthermore, a prognostic risk model was constructed using the risk coefficients and gene expression of eleven-gene signature. Patients with a high-risk score had poorer OS compared with patients in the low-risk score group (p = 3.36e-07) in the TCGA cohort and the validationdatasets (p = 4.03e-05). Analysis of immune infiltration identified multiple T cells were associated with better prognosis in the low-risk group, including Th2 cells (p = 0.0208), regulatory T cells (p = 0.0425), and gammadelta T cells (p = 0.0112). A nomogram integrating the risk model and clinical characteristics was further developed to predict the prognosis of patients with CRC. In conclusion, our study revealed that the expression of lipid-metabolism genes were correlated with the immune microenvironment. The eleven-gene signature might be useful for prediction the prognosis of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Haibin Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ning Xie
- Department of Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fei-Ran Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhanmin Zhang
- Department of Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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158
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Li Y, Wang RY, Deng YJ, Wu SH, Sun X, Mu H. Molecular characteristics, clinical significance, and cancer immune interactions of cuproptosis and ferroptosis-associated genes in colorectal cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:975859. [PMID: 36132144 PMCID: PMC9483209 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.975859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To systematically analyze the expression of cuproptosis and ferroptosis genes and their impact on the development, prognosis, tumor microenvironment (TME), and treatment response in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients Methods We systematically evaluated 33 cuproptosis and ferroptosis-related genes and comprehensively identified the correlations between cuproptosis and ferroptosis-related genes and transcriptional patterns, prognosis, and clinical features. Three distinct subgroups were identified in CRC using the TCGA database and the GEO database. We next assessed the relationship between the molecular features, prognostic significance, and clinical indicators of the prognostic genes in the cuproptosis and ferroptosis-related gene clusters. In addition, a PAC_score, which accurately predicted the prognosis of CRC patients and the efficacy of immunomodulatory mAbs, was obtained. Results Patients in the low expression group (low expression of cuproptosis and ferroptosis-related genes) had a longer survival compared to the high expression group. We identified two distinct prognosis-associated molecular subtypes and observed an association between clinical information and prognosis. The enrichment analysis of differential genes associated with prognosis showed that the main enrichment was related to biological processes such as metastasis and metabolism. Next, the PCA_score for predicting overall survival (OS) was established and its reliable predictive value in CRC patients was confirmed. Furthermore, highly reliable nomogram was created to facilitate the clinical feasibility of the PCA_score. It was found that the immunomodulatory mAbs, PD-L1 and CTLA4 were highly expressed in the low PCA_score score group with statistically significance. Conclusion Overall, the PCA scores of prognostic differential genes in the cuproptosis and ferroptosis-related gene clusters were strongly associated with clinical characteristics, prognosis, and immunotherapy in CRC patients. This data may promote further exploration of more effective immunotherapy strategies for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ru-yao Wang
- Blood Transfusion Department, Qingdao Women and Children’s Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu-jiao Deng
- Department of Clinical Training and Teaching , Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shao-hua Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinti Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Mu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Mu,
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159
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Han Z, Wang H, Liu Y, Xing XL. Establishment of a prognostic ferroptosis- and immune-related long noncoding RNAs profile in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:915372. [PMID: 36110203 PMCID: PMC9468637 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.915372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ferroptosis and immunity are novel treatments that target several cancers, including kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are an important class of gene expression regulators that play fundamental roles in the regulation of ferroptosis and immunity. We aimed to identify ferroptosis- and immune-related lncRNAs as biomarkers in patients with KIRC. Methods: Corresponding data for each patient with KIRC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify candidate biomarkers followed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analyses, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCANA), and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Results: Three ferroptosis- and immune-related differentially expressed lncRNAs (FI-DELs) (AC124854.1, LINC02609, and ZNF503-AS2) were markedly and independently correlated with the overall survival (OS) of patients with KIRC. The area under the curve (AUC) value of the prognostic model in the entire group using the three FI-DELs was > 0.70. The sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic model using the three FI-DELs were 0.8586 and 0.9583, respectively. Conclusion: The present study found that AC124854.1, LINC02609, and ZNF503-AS2 were considerably and independently correlated with the OS of patients with KIRC, suggesting that the three FI-DELs could be used as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for patients with KIRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Han
- Department of Urology, Department of Ultrasonography, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya school of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
- School of Public Health and Laboratory Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Urology, Department of Ultrasonography, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya school of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Huaihua, China
| | - Yafei Liu
- Department of Urology, Department of Ultrasonography, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya school of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Xing
- Department of Urology, Department of Ultrasonography, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya school of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
- School of Public Health and Laboratory Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Liang Xing,
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160
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Zhang X, Yang Z, Hu Q, Zuo L, Song X, Geng Z, Li J, Wang Y, Ge S, Hu J. [Centromere protein U is highly expressed in colorectal cancer and associated with a poor long-term prognosis]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:1198-1204. [PMID: 36073219 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.08.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the expression of centromere protein U (CENPU) in colorectal cancer and its predictive value for long-term prognosis of the patients. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the data of 102 patients with colorectal cancer undergoing radical resection in our hospital between January, 2005 and December, 2011. The expression level of CENPU in colorectal cancer tissue was detected immunohistochemically, and its association with clinicopathological characteristics of the patients were analyzed. The patients were divided into low expression group (n=51) and high expression group (n=51) based on the median CENPU expression level for analysis the value of CENPU for predicting long-term prognosis of the patients after radical resection of the tumors. In the in vitro study, we constructed colorectal cancer cell lines with CENPU interference and CENPU overexpression by lentiviral transfection and assessed the changes in the proliferation, migration and invasion of the cells using CCK-8 assay and Transwell assay. RESULTS The protein expression level of CENPU was significantly higher in colorectal cancer tissues than in the adjacent tissues (P < 0.05) and was positively correlated with the expressions levels of Ki67 (r=0.569, P < 0.05) and VEGF-C (r=0.629, P < 0.05). CENPU expression level in colorectal cancer tissue was closely related with tumor progression and clinicopathological stage of the tumor (P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the patients with high CENPU expression had significantly decreased postoperative overall survival (χ2=11.155, P < 0.05); Cox multivariate regression analysis suggested that CENPU expression level was an independent risk factor affecting the overall survival of the patients after radical resection (HR=1.848, P < 0.05). The results of cell experiments demonstrated that high CENPU expression significantly promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of the tumor cells. CONCLUSION CENPU is highly expressed in colorectal cancer tissues in closely correlation with tumor progression and may serve as a potential biomarker for evaluating the long-term prognosis of colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China.,Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Z Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Q Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - L Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - X Song
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Z Geng
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - J Li
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Y Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - S Ge
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - J Hu
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
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161
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Wang YN, Zou M, Wang D, Zhang ZK, Qu LP, Xu J, Shi CD, Gao F. An exploratory study on TCM syndrome differentiation in preoperative patients with colorectal cancer assisted by laboratory indicators. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10207. [PMID: 36033259 PMCID: PMC9404354 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This paper aims to explore the relationship between the syndrome differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in colorectal cancer and the clinical laboratory indicators of patients, and to further seek the laboratory indicators to assist TCM syndrome differentiation. Methods From May 2020 to June 2021, 122 colorectal cancer patients with a clear pathological diagnosis who had not undergone surgery or chemotherapy were classified according to the TCM syndrome classification. The clinical laboratory indicators of 122 patients with preoperative colorectal cancer were collected, and the correlation between preoperative colorectal cancer TCM syndromes and Karnofsky score and clinical laboratory indicators was analyzed. The indicators affecting TCM syndromes were included in the disordered multivariate logistic regression analysis model to analyze the relative risk of the influencing factors. Results The syndromes of colorectal cancer patients were classified into excess syndrome, deficiency syndrome, and syndrome of intermingled deficiency & excess. The differences in total bilirubin (TBIL), hemoglobin (HB), uric acid (UA), and hematocrit (HCT) between the three groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The indexes such as TBIL, HB, UA, and HCT in preoperative patients with excess syndrome of colorectal cancer were higher than those in patients with syndrome of intermingled deficiency & excess and deficiency syndrome, and the comparison between groups using the LSD method showed that UA and HCT were different between the excess syndrome and deficiency syndrome groups (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that Gender, Tumor location, TNM stage, Total protein (TP), Red blood cell (RBC), HB, HCT, Platelet (PLT) and Fibrinogen (FIB) were all risk factors affecting TCM syndromes of preoperative colorectal cancer (P < 0.05). Conclusion There is a correlation between the TCM syndromes of colorectal cancer and the clinical laboratory indicators of the patients. Gender, Tumor location, TNM stage, TP, RBC, HB, HCT, PLT and FIB are the risk factors of TCM syndrome differentiation in preoperative patients with colorectal cancer. TBIL, UA, HB, and HCT may be the four relevant indicators of TCM syndrome differentiation in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Wang
- Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Min Zou
- Department of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Dou Wang
- Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Zhi-Kuan Zhang
- Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lian-Ping Qu
- Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Cai-Dong Shi
- Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China
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Ghorbaninezhad F, Masoumi J, Bakhshivand M, Baghbanzadeh A, Mokhtarzadeh A, Kazemi T, Aghebati-Maleki L, Shotorbani SS, Jafarlou M, Brunetti O, Santarpia M, Baradaran B, Silvestris N. CTLA-4 silencing in dendritic cells loaded with colorectal cancer cell lysate improves autologous T cell responses in vitro. Front Immunol 2022; 13:931316. [PMID: 35979362 PMCID: PMC9376327 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.931316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy has increased interest among anti-cancer immunotherapies. Nevertheless, the immunosuppressive mechanisms in the tumor milieu, e.g., inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules, have been implicated in diminishing the efficacy of DC-mediated anti-tumoral immune responses. Therefore, the main challenge is to overcome inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules and provoke efficient T-cell responses to antigens specifically expressed by cancerous cells. Among the inhibitory immune checkpoints, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) expression on DCs diminishes their maturation and antigen presentation capability. Accordingly, we hypothesized that the expression of CTLA-4 on DCs inhibits the T cell-mediated anti-tumoral responses generated following the presentation of tumor antigens by DCs to T lymphocytes. In this study, we loaded colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lysate on DCs and inhibited the expression of CTLA-4 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) in them to investigate the DCs’ functional and phenotypical features, and T-cell mediated responses following DC/T cell co-culture. Our results demonstrated that blockade of CTLA-4 could promote stimulatory properties of DCs. In addition, CTLA-4 silenced CRC cell lysate-loaded DCs compared to the DCs without CTLA-4 silencing resulted in augmented T cell proliferation and cytokine production, i.e., IFN-γ and IL-4. Taken together, our findings suggest CTLA-4 silenced CRC cell lysate-loaded DCs as a promising therapeutic approach however further studies are needed before this strategy can be used in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Ghorbaninezhad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Masoumi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bakhshivand
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tohid Kazemi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Siamak Sandoghchian Shotorbani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Jafarlou
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Oronzo Brunetti
- Medical Oncology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Mariacarmela Santarpia
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- *Correspondence: Behzad Baradaran, ; Nicola Silvestris,
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- *Correspondence: Behzad Baradaran, ; Nicola Silvestris,
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Liu P, Ye M, Wu Y, Wu L, Lan K, Wu Z. Hyperthermia combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: Synergistic sensitization and clinical outcomes. Cancer Med 2022; 12:3201-3221. [PMID: 35908281 PMCID: PMC9939221 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within the field of oncotherapy, research interest regarding immunotherapy has risen to the point that it is now seen as a key application. However, inherent disadvantages of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as their low response rates and immune-related adverse events (irAEs), currently restrict their clinical application. Were these disadvantages to be overcome, more patients could derive prolonged benefits from ICIs. At present, many basic experiments and clinical studies using hyperthermia combined with ICI treatment (HIT) have been performed and shown the potential to address the above challenges. Therefore, this review extensively summarizes the knowledge and progress of HIT for analysis and discusses the effect and feasibility. METHODS In this review, we explored the PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov databases, with regard to the searching terms "immune checkpoint inhibitor, immunotherapy, hyperthermia, ablation, photothermal therapy". RESULTS By reviewing the literature, we analyzed how hyperthermia influences tumor immunology and improves the efficacy of ICI. Hyperthermia can trigger a series of multifactorial molecular cascade reactions between tumors and immunization and can significantly induce cytological modifications within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The pharmacological potency of ICIs can be enhanced greatly through the immunomodulatory amelioration of immunosuppression, and the activation of immunostimulation. Emerging clinical trials outcome regarding HIT have verified and enriched the theoretical foundation of synergistic sensitization. CONCLUSION HIT research is now starting to transition from preclinical studies to clinical investigations. Several HIT sensitization mechanisms have been reflected and demonstrated as significant survival benefits for patients through pioneering clinical trials. Further studies into the theoretical basis and practical standards of HIT, combined with larger-scale clinical studies involving more cancer types, will be necessary for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyuan Liu
- Oncology & Radiotherapy DepartmentZhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina,Second Clinical Medical CollegeZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Mengna Ye
- Second Clinical Medical CollegeZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yajun Wu
- Department of TCM PharmacyZhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Lichao Wu
- College of Basic Medical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Kaiping Lan
- Oncology Department of Combination of Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineTonglu Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Zhibing Wu
- Oncology & Radiotherapy DepartmentZhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
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Fan H, Hao X, Gao Y, Yang J, Liu A, Su Y, Xia Y. Nodosin Exerts an Anti-Colorectal Cancer Effect by Inhibiting Proliferation and Triggering Complex Cell Death in Vitro and in Vivo. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:943272. [PMID: 35935881 PMCID: PMC9353177 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.943272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common digestive system cancer in the world. Its incidence and mortality are increasing annually. Presently, CRC lacks long-term effective treatment methods and drugs. Therefore, finding new treatment methods and drugs is of great significance for CRC treatment. Compounds derived from natural plants have been widely used in tumor research and treatment because of their good antitumor activity these years. This study found that nodosin, a diterpenoid extracted from the medicinal plant Rabdosia serra (Maxim.) Hara, inhibited the growth of CRC cells SW480, HT-29 and LoVo in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 7.4, 7.7, and 6.6 μM respectively. We selected highly metastatic and poorly differentiated SW480 cells for further studies. We found that nodosin could inhibit cell proliferation by inhibiting DNA synthesis and induce cell death by inducing oxidative stress, apoptosis and autophagy in cells. Through in vitro assays combined with transcriptomic analysis, it was found that nodosin could downregulate tribbles pseudokinase 3 and upregulate oxidative stress-induced growth inhibitor 1 to induce oxidative stress in cells; nodosin-induced reactive oxygen species were able to upregulate the expression of heme oxygenase 1 to induce apoptosis and the expression of cathepsin L. and light chain-3 to induce autophagy. In vivo, we found that nodosin inhibited tumor growth and induced cells to undergo apoptosis and autophagy without significant toxic effects. In conclusion, our findings suggest that nodosin exerts anti-CRC effects mainly through its ability to induce apoptosis and autophagy in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, our study contributes to the development of nodosin-based potential CRC therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology of Shandong Higher Education, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaopeng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology of Shandong Higher Education, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology of Shandong Higher Education, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijng, China
| | - Aojun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology of Shandong Higher Education, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yarui Su
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Yarui Su, ; Yong Xia,
| | - Yong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology of Shandong Higher Education, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Yarui Su, ; Yong Xia,
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165
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Wu JY, Song QY, Huang CZ, Shao Y, Wang ZL, Zhang HQ, Fu Z. N7-methylguanosine-related lncRNAs: Predicting the prognosis and diagnosis of colorectal cancer in the cold and hot tumors. Front Genet 2022; 13:952836. [PMID: 35937987 PMCID: PMC9352958 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.952836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: 7-Methylguanosine(m7G) contributes greatly to its pathogenesis and progression in colorectal cancer. We proposed building a prognostic model of m7G-related LncRNAs. Our prognostic model was used to identify differences between hot and cold tumors.Methods: The study included 647 colorectal cancer patients (51 cancer-free patients and 647 cancer patients) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We identified m7G-related prognostic lncRNAs by employing the univariate Cox regression method. Assessments were conducted using univariate Cox regression, multivariate Cox regression, receiver operating characteristics (ROC), nomogram, calibration curves, and Kaplan-Meier analysis. All of these procedures were used with the aim of confirming the validity and stability of the model. Besides these two analyses, we also conducted half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), immune analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The entire set of m7G-related (lncRNAs) with respect to cold and hot tumors has been divided into two clusters for further discussion of immunotherapy.Results: The risk model was constructed with 17 m7G-related lncRNAs. A good correlation was found between the calibration plots and the prognosis prediction in the model. By assessing IC50 in a significant way across risk groups, systemic treatment can be guided. By using clusters, it may be possible to distinguish hot and cold tumors effectively and to aid in specific therapeutic interventions. Cluster 1 was identified as having the highest response to immunotherapy drugs and thus was identified as the hot tumor.Conclusion: This study shows that 17 m7G-related lncRNA can be used in clinical settings to predict prognosis and use them to determine whether a tumor is cold or hot in colorectal cancer and improve the individualization of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yu Wu
- The General Surgery Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing-Yu Song
- The General Surgery Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chang-Zhi Huang
- The General Surgery Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Shao
- The General Surgery Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen-Ling Wang
- The General Surgery Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Qiang Zhang
- The General Surgery Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zan Fu
- The General Surgery Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Zan Fu,
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Ren Y, Miao JM, Wang YY, Fan Z, Kong XB, Yang L, Cheng G. Oncolytic viruses combined with immune checkpoint therapy for colorectal cancer is a promising treatment option. Front Immunol 2022; 13:961796. [PMID: 35911673 PMCID: PMC9334725 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.961796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is one of the promising strategies in the treatment of oncology. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, as a type of immunotherapy, have no significant efficacy in the clinical treatment of patients with pMMR/MSS/MSI-L mCRC alone. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find combination therapies that can improve the response rate of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Oncolytic viruses are a new class of cancer drugs that, in addition to directly lysing tumor cells, can facilitate the action of immune checkpoint inhibitors by modulating the tumor microenvironment and transforming “cold” tumors into “hot” ones. The combination of oncolytic viruses and immune checkpoint inhibitors is currently being used in several primary and clinical studies to treat tumors with exciting results. The combination of genetically modified “armed” OV with ICIs is expected to be one of the treatment options for pMMR/MSS/MSI-L mCRC. In this paper, we will analyze the current status of oncolytic viruses and ICIs available for the treatment of CRC. The feasibility of OV in combination with ICI for CRC will be discussed in terms of the mechanism of action of OV in treating tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ren
- College of Traditional Chinese medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia-Meng Miao
- College of Traditional Chinese medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wang
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheng Fan
- Department of Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xian-Bin Kong
- College of Traditional Chinese medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xian-Bin Kong, ; Long Yang, long ; Gong Cheng,
| | - Long Yang
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xian-Bin Kong, ; Long Yang, long ; Gong Cheng,
| | - Gong Cheng
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Xian-Bin Kong, ; Long Yang, long ; Gong Cheng,
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Krasteva N, Georgieva M. Promising Therapeutic Strategies for Colorectal Cancer Treatment Based on Nanomaterials. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061213. [PMID: 35745786 PMCID: PMC9227901 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global health problem responsible for 10% of all cancer incidences and 9.4% of all cancer deaths worldwide. The number of new cases increases per annum, whereas the lack of effective therapies highlights the need for novel therapeutic approaches. Conventional treatment methods, such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, are widely applied in oncology practice. Their therapeutic success is little, and therefore, the search for novel technologies is ongoing. Many efforts have focused recently on the development of safe and efficient cancer nanomedicines. Nanoparticles are among them. They are uniquewith their properties on a nanoscale and hold the potential to exploit intrinsic metabolic differences between cancer and healthy cells. This feature allows them to induce high levels of toxicity in cancer cells with little damage to the surrounding healthy tissues. Graphene oxide is a promising 2D material found to play an important role in cancer treatments through several strategies: direct killing and chemosensitization, drug and gene delivery, and phototherapy. Several new treatment approaches based on nanoparticles, particularly graphene oxide, are currently under research in clinical trials, and some have already been approved. Here, we provide an update on the recent advances in nanomaterials-based CRC-targeted therapy, with special attention to graphene oxide nanomaterials. We summarise the epidemiology, carcinogenesis, stages of the CRCs, and current nanomaterials-based therapeutic approaches for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Krasteva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. Georgi Bonchev” Str., bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: (N.K.); (M.G.); Tel.: +359-889-577-074 (N.K.); +359-896-833-604 (M.G.)
| | - Milena Georgieva
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Acad. R. Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. Georgi Bonchev” Str., bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: (N.K.); (M.G.); Tel.: +359-889-577-074 (N.K.); +359-896-833-604 (M.G.)
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Zeng Y, Cao R, Tao Z, Gao Y. Association between the severity of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and the risk of colorectal neoplasm: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:52. [PMID: 35668493 PMCID: PMC9172084 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The severity of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) reportedly plays a part in the etiology of colorectal tumors. However, there is no consensus. Methods Studies relevant with the impact of MAFLD severity on the risk of colorectal neoplasms published before 24th April 2022 were screened. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) was obtained using standard and cumulative meta-analyses. Subgroup, meta-regression, and sensitivity analyses were carried out to identify heterogeneity. Results Fourteen studies with data from 37,824 MAFLD patients were included. The prevalence of colorectal neoplasms escalated with the progression of MAFLD compared to simple steatosis (OR = 1.93; 95% CI = 1.42–2.62). The magnitude and direction of the effect on these outcomes remained largely constant over time. Even after limiting the meta-analysis to 8 studies with available adjusted OR (aOR), the findings still suggested that MAFLD severity was positively related to colorectal neoplasms (aOR = 3.03; 95% CI = 2.02–4.53). Severe MAFLD was more likely to cause left colon tumors (OR = 3.86, 95% CI = 2.16–6.91) than right colon neoplasms (OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.15–3.28). Conclusion The severity of MAFLD was independently related to colorectal neoplasms and severe MAFLD was more likely to cause left colon tumors. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-022-01659-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ruyue Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ziwen Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yanjing Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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Zhang W, Zhang J, Liu T, Xing J, Zhang H, Wang D, Tang D. Bidirectional effects of intestinal microbiota and antibiotics: a new strategy for colorectal cancer treatment and prevention. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:2387-2404. [PMID: 35661254 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, and its incidence and mortality rates are increasing every year. The intestinal microbiota has been called the "neglected organ" and there is growing evidence that the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites can be used in combination with immunotherapy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy to greatly enhance the treatment of colorectal cancer and to address some of the side effects and adverse effects of these therapies. Antibiotics have great potential to eliminate harmful microbiota, control infection, and reduce colorectal cancer side effects. However, the use of antibiotics has been a highly controversial issue, and numerous retrospective studies have shown that the use of antibiotics affects the effectiveness of treatment (especially immunotherapy). Understanding the bi-directional role of the gut microbiota and antibiotics will further enhance our research into the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. METHODS We searched the "PubMed" database and selected the following keywords "intestinal microbiota, antibiotics, treatment, prevention, colorectal cancer". In this review, we discuss the role of the intestinal microbiota in immunotherapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, diagnosis, and prevention of CRC. We also conclude that the intestinal microbiota and antibiotics work together to promote the treatment of CRC through a bidirectional effect. RESULTS We found that the intestinal microbiota plays a key role in promoting immunotherapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, diagnosis and prevention of CRC. In addition, gut microbiota and antibiotic interactions could be a new strategy for CRC treatment. CONCLUSION The bi-directional role of the intestinal microbiota and antibiotics plays a key role in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Juan Xing
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Daorong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China.
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A Micro-Immunotherapy Sequential Medicine MIM-seq Displays Immunomodulatory Effects on Human Macrophages and Anti-Tumor Properties towards In Vitro 2D and 3D Models of Colon Carcinoma and in an In Vivo Subcutaneous Xenograft Colon Carcinoma Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116059. [PMID: 35682738 PMCID: PMC9181410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the immunomodulatory effects of a sequential micro-immunotherapy medicine, referred as MIM-seq, were appraised in human primary M1 and M2 macrophages, in which the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, was inhibited. In addition, the potential anti-proliferative effects of MIM-seq on tumor cells was assessed in three models of colorectal cancer (CRC): an in vitro two-dimensions (2D) model of HCT-116 cells, an in vitro tri-dimensional (3D) model of spheroids, and an in vivo model of subcutaneous xenografted mice. In these models, MIM-seq displayed anti-proliferative effects when compared with the vehicle. In vivo, the tumor growth was slightly reduced in MIM-seq-treated animals. Moreover, MIM-seq could slightly reduce the growth of our spheroid models, especially under serum-deprivation. When MIM-seq was combined with two well-known anti-cancerogenic agents, either resveratrol or etoposide, MIM-seq could even further reduce the spheroid’s volume, pointing up the need to further assess whether MIM-seq could be beneficial for CRC patients as an adjuvant therapy. Altogether, these data suggest that MIM-seq could have anti-tumor properties against CRC and an immunomodulatory effect towards the mediators of inflammation, whose systemic dysregulation is considered to be a poor prognosis for patients.
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171
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Novel acetylation-related gene signatures for predicting the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. Hum Cell 2022; 35:1159-1173. [PMID: 35604486 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00720-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Histone acetylation may affect the tumorigenesis and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, there is still a lack of studies exploring the effect of acetylation-related genes on the prognosis of CRC. To explore the role of acetylation-related genes in CRC prognosis using bioinformatics strategies, the expression data and survival information of CRC patients were collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus. The Molecular Signatures Database was used to select acetylation-related genes. Univariate and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analyses were used to screen prognostic genes. Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted for survival analysis. Cibersort and pRRophetics were used to analyze immune infiltration and predict drug sensitivity, respectively. By implementing independent prognostic factors, a nomogram model was constructed. The result showed that a total of 48 prognostic genes which screened from the acetylation-related gene set were mainly enriched in ABC transporters and acetylation/deacetylation-related pathways. Three gene signatures (SDR16C5, MEAF6, and SOX4) were further defined, and a prognostic model was constructed that showed high sensitivity and specificity for predicting CRC prognosis in both training and validation cohorts. Patients with different prognostic risks also presented differential expression of gene signatures, infiltration of activated CD4 memory T cells, and drug sensitivity to bicalutamide, gefitinib, Lenalidomide, and imatinib. The nomogram suggested the potential of a risk score-based model in predicting 1- and 2-year survival in patients with CRC. In conclusion, we proposed three gene signatures from an acetylation-related gene set as potential targets for epigenetic therapy and constructed a prognostic model for CRC.
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172
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Liu Y, Zhao F, Tan F, Tang L, Du Z, Mou J, Zhou G, Yuan C. HNF1A-AS1:A tumor-associated long non-coding RNA. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1720-1729. [PMID: 35619319 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220520113846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 homeobox A antisense RNA 1 (HNF1A-AS1) is a Long non-coding RNA(LncRNA)that participates in the occurrence development of lots of tumors and is supposed to be a new biomarker. The text aims to illustrate the biological effect, specific mechanism and clinical significance of HNF1A-AS1 in various tumors. METHODS Via consulting the literature, analyze and summarize the relationship between HNF1A-AS1 and all kinds of tumors and the specific mechanism. RESULTS This is a review paper about the tumor-associated long non-coding RNA HNF1A-AS1. Many Researches show that LncRNA HNF1A-AS1 is related to the development of tumorous tumors. Its expression is up-regulated in numerous tumors, such as oral squamous cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, osteosarcoma, lung cancer, cervical cancer, bladder cancer, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, oesophageal adenocarcinoma and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. However, HNF1A-AS1 is down-regulated in gastroenteropancreatic, neuroendocrine neoplasms, oral squamous cell carcinoma. Furthermore, HNF1A-AS1 can affect tumor proliferation, invasion, migration and apoptosis by targeting some microRNAs-miR-661 and miR-124. Or HNF1A-AS1 can also influence the development of tumors by regulating EMT. CONCLUSION These studies show that LncRNA-HNF1A-AS1 is closely related to the occurrence development of numerous cancers. Through various molecular mechanisms to regulate tumor growth, HNF1A-AS1 can possibly become the new biological biomarker and therapeutic target for many kinds of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Liu
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Fangnan Zhao
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Fangshun Tan
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Lu Tang
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Zhuoying Du
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Jie Mou
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Functional Digestive Diseases of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yichang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Chengfu Yuan
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Functional Digestive Diseases of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yichang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yichang, 443002, China
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Cruz-Nova P, Ancira-Cortez A, Ferro-Flores G, Ocampo-García B, Gibbens-Bandala B. Controlled-Release Nanosystems with a Dual Function of Targeted Therapy and Radiotherapy in Colorectal Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051095. [PMID: 35631681 PMCID: PMC9145578 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles are excellent platforms for several biomedical applications, including cancer treatment. They can incorporate different molecules to produce combinations of chemotherapeutic agents, radionuclides, and targeting molecules to improve the therapeutic strategies against cancer. These specific nanosystems are designed to have minimal side effects on healthy cells and better treatment efficacy against cancer cells when compared to chemotherapeutics, external irradiation, or targeted radiotherapy alone. In colorectal cancer, some metal and polymeric nanoparticle platforms have been used to potentialize external radiation therapy and targeted drug delivery. Polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, albumin-based nanoparticles, etc., conjugated with PEG and/or HLA, can be excellent platforms to increase blood circulation time and decrease side effects, in addition to the combination of chemo/radiotherapy, which increases therapeutic efficacy. Additionally, radiolabeled nanoparticles have been conjugated to target specific tissues and are mainly used as agents for diagnosis, drug/gene delivery systems, or plasmonic photothermal therapy enhancers. This review aims to analyze how nanosystems are shaping combinatorial therapy and evaluate their status in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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174
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The Effects of CD73 on Gastrointestinal Cancer Progression and Treatment. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:4330329. [PMID: 35620732 PMCID: PMC9130010 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4330329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is a common and deadly malignant tumor. CD73, a cell-surface protein, acts as a switch of the adenosine-related signaling pathway that can cause significant immunosuppression. Recent evidence has emerged that CD73 is a promising immunotherapy target for regaining immune cell function and restraining tumorigenesis, and a growing stream of research indicates that combining immunotherapy with other therapies can effectively improve the prognosis and survival of GI cancer patients. Several immune checkpoint inhibitors have been approved for use in GI cancer recently; however, they have demonstrated limited efficacy. Solving the problem of immunosuppression in GI cancer is the key to developing an effective therapeutic option and the modulation of CD73 expression may provide an answer. In this review, we discuss current research on CD73 in gastric, liver, pancreatic, and colorectal cancer to evaluate its therapeutic potential as an immunotherapy target in GI cancers.
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175
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Lou T, Zhang L, Jin Z, Miao C, Wang J, Ke K. miR-455-5p enhances 5-fluorouracil sensitivity in colorectal cancer cells by targeting PIK3R1 and DEPDC1. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:847-856. [PMID: 35582195 PMCID: PMC9055257 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study has demonstrated that miR-455-5p was a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to investigate the role of miR-455-5p in 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) in CRC. The expression of miR-455-5p, PIK3R1, and DEPDC1 was analyzed in HT-29 cells after treatment with different concentrations (0, 0.5, 2.5, and 12.5 μM) of 5-Fu. The effects of miR-455-5p on cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed by CCK-8 and flow cytometry. PIK3R1 and DEPDC1 were overexpressed to measure the mechanism of miR-455-5p on 5-Fu sensitivity. And the direct binding between miR-455-5p and DEPDC1 was detected by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. We found that miR-455-5p decreased, while PIK3R1 and DEPDC1 increased after 5-Fu treatment. miR-455-5p mimic significantly suppressed cell viability and elevated cell apoptosis in 5-Fu-treated HT-29 cells, whereas miR-455-5p inhibitor showed the opposite effects. Overexpression of PIK3R1 and DEPDC1 could attenuate the effects of miR-455-5p mimic on the viability and apoptosis of 5-Fu-treated cells. miR-455-5p could directly bind to DEPDC1 in HT-29 cells. In conclusion, miR-455-5p enhanced 5-Fu sensitivity by targeting PIK3R1 and DEPDC1 in CRC. This study provides a novel role of miR-455-5p in CRC and restoring miR-455-5p might be a therapeutic strategy to enhance chemosensitivity to 5-Fu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Lou
- Department of General Surgery, Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital , Hangzhou Bay New District , Ningbo 315300 , Zhejiang Province , China
| | - Luqing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital , Hangzhou Bay New District , Ningbo 315300 , Zhejiang Province , China
| | - Zongshan Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital , Ningbo , Zhejiang Province , China
| | - Chundi Miao
- Department of General Surgery, Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital , Hangzhou Bay New District , Ningbo 315300 , Zhejiang Province , China
| | - Jinqiu Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid surgery, Ningbo First Hospital , Ningbo , Zhejiang Province , China
| | - Kongliang Ke
- Department of General Surgery, Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital , No. 1155, Binhai No. 2 Road, Hangzhou Bay New District , Ningbo 315300 , Zhejiang Province , China
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176
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Peng B, Peng J, Kang F, Zhang W, Peng E, He Q. Ferroptosis-Related Gene MT1G as a Novel Biomarker Correlated With Prognosis and Immune Infiltration in Colorectal Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:881447. [PMID: 35517502 PMCID: PMC9065264 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.881447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a newly discovered way of cell death, has been proved to be involved in the oncogenesis and development of cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, by identifying the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from three CRC transcriptome microarray datasets (GSE20842, GSE23878, and GSE25070), we found that the expression of MT1G was significantly decreased in CRC tissues, and the patients with a high level of MT1G displayed a poor prognosis. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) further confirmed the downregulated MT1G in two CRC cells, HCT8 and HCT116. The colony-forming assay indicated that the MT1G overexpression exhibited a remarkable inhibition of cell proliferation in HCT8 and HCT116 cells. In addition, we explored the co-expressed genes of MT1G to gain a better understanding of its potential signaling pathways. Aberrantly expressed MT1G also affected the immune response of CRC patients. Collectively, these findings might deepen our comprehension on the potential biological implications of MT1G in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi Peng
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinwu Peng
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde, China
- *Correspondence: Qingchun He, ; Jinwu Peng,
| | - Fanhua Kang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde, China
| | - Wenqin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde, China
| | - Emin Peng
- Xiangya International Medical Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qingchun He
- Department of Emergency, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Emergency, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde, China
- *Correspondence: Qingchun He, ; Jinwu Peng,
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177
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Xu YJ, Zhang P, Hu JL, Liang H, Zhu YY, Cui Y, Niu P, Xu M, Liu MY. Regorafenib combined with programmed cell death-1 inhibitor against refractory colorectal cancer and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio’s prediction on effectiveness. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:920-934. [PMID: 35582108 PMCID: PMC9048533 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i4.920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of regorafenib plus programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor in treating microsatellite stable (MSS) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remains controversial.
AIM To investigate the benefits of regorafenib combined with PD-1 inhibitor in treating MSS mCRC and explore indicators predicting response.
METHODS This retrospective study included a total of 30 patients with microsatellite stable metastatic colorectal cancer treated with regorafenib combined with programmed cell death-1 inhibitor at Henan Provincial People’s Hospital between December 2018 and December 2020. During a 4-wk treatment cycle, regorafenib was performed for 3 continuous weeks. PD-1 inhibitor was intravenously injected starting on the first day of the oral intake of regorafenib. We reviewed tumor response, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival, and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) and evaluated association between platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and outcomes in this retrospective study.
RESULTS Stable disease and progressive disease were found in 18 (60.0%) and 12 (40.0%) patients, respectively. The disease control rate was 60.0%. The median follow-up time was 12.0 mo, and median PFS was 3.4 mo [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.2-4.6 mo]. Of the 12 patients with progressive disease, 10 (83.3%) had liver metastasis before starting the combined treatment. Among the 18 patients with SD, 10 (55.6%) did not have liver metastases. One patient without liver metastases at baseline was found with a substantially prolonged PFS of 11.2 mo. The liver metastasis, the choice of programmed cell death-1 inhibitor other than nivolumab or pembrolizumab and previous exposure to regorafenib was’t associated with treatment outcome. The median PFS in the low-PLR group was 4.2 mo (95%CI: 3.5-4.9 mo), compared with 2.8 mo (95%CI: 1.4-4.2 mo) in the high-PLR group (P = 0.005). The major TRAEs included hand-foot syndrome (33.3%), hypertension (23.3%), malaise (20.0%), and gastrointestinal reaction (16.7%). The incidence of grade 3 TRAEs was 13.3% (4/30), which comprised abnormal capillary proliferation (n = 1), transaminase elevation (n = 1), and hand-foot syndrome (n = 2). No grade 4 or higher toxicity was observed.
CONCLUSION Regorafenib combined with PD-1 inhibitor could lead to a longer PFS in some patients with MSS mCRC. The PLR might be a prediction of the patient response to this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Xu
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Jin-Long Hu
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Hong Liang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Yao Cui
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Po Niu
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Hepatology, The Third People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Ming-Yue Liu
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
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178
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Guo M, Zhang X. LncRNA MSTO2P promotes colorectal cancer progression through epigenetically silencing CDKN1A mediated by EZH2. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:95. [PMID: 35346226 PMCID: PMC8961944 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02567-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudogene-derived long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to act as key regulatory factors of cancers. However, the study focused on pseudogene misato family member 2 (MSTO2P) in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. METHODS CCK-8, colony formation, and transwell assays clarified HT-29 and SW480 cell proliferation and invasion. Furthermore, flow cytometry was carried out to detect cell cycle and cell apoptosis. Subcellular localization assay indicated the location of MSTO2P in HT-29 cells. RIP and CHIP assays clarified the relationship of MSTO2P with target protein and gene in HT-29 cells. RESULTS MSTO2P expression was upregulated in CRC tissues and cells. Functional experiments revealed that inhibition of MSTO2P suppressed HT-29 and SW480 cell proliferation and invasion, and promoted cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis. Besides, MSTO2P epigenetically down-regulated cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A) via binding to the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in the nucleus. At last, rescue experiments proved the anti-tumor effect of inhibition of MSTO2P was partially recovered due to the knockdown of CDKN1A in HT-29 cells. CONCLUSION LncRNA MSTO2P promoted colorectal cancer progression through epigenetically silencing CDKN1A mediated by EZH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Guo
- Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiling Zhang
- Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi, China.
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179
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Islam MR, Awal MA, Khames A, Abourehab MAS, Samad A, Hassan WMI, Alam R, Osman OI, Nur SM, Molla MHR, Abdulrahman AO, Rajia S, Ahammad F, Hasan MN, Qadri I, Kim B. Computational Identification of Druggable Bioactive Compounds from Catharanthus roseus and Avicennia marina against Colorectal Cancer by Targeting Thymidylate Synthase. Molecules 2022; 27:2089. [PMID: 35408488 PMCID: PMC9000506 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of death worldwide, affecting approximately 1.9 million individuals in 2020. Therapeutics of the disease are not yet available and discovering a novel anticancer drug candidate against the disease is an urgent need. Thymidylate synthase (TS) is an important enzyme and prime precursor for DNA biosynthesis that catalyzes the methylation of deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP) to deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP) that has emerged as a novel drug target against the disease. Elevated expression of TS in proliferating cells promotes oncogenesis as well as CRC. Therefore, this study aimed to identify potential natural anticancer agents that can inhibit the activity of the TS protein, subsequently blocking the progression of colorectal cancer. Initially, molecular docking was implied on 63 natural compounds identified from Catharanthus roseus and Avicennia marina to evaluate their binding affinity to the desired protein. Subsequently, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion), toxicity, and quantum chemical-based DFT (density-functional theory) approaches were applied to evaluate the efficacy of the selected compounds. Molecular docking analysis initially identified four compounds (PubChem CID: 5281349, CID: 102004710, CID: 11969465, CID: 198912) that have better binding affinity to the target protein. The ADME and toxicity properties indicated good pharmacokinetics (PK) and toxicity ability of the selected compounds. Additionally, the quantum chemical calculation of the selected molecules found low chemical reactivity indicating the bioactivity of the drug candidate. The global descriptor and HOMO-LUMO energy gap values indicated a satisfactory and remarkable profile of the selected molecules. Furthermore, MD simulations of the compounds identified better binding stability of the compounds to the desired protein. To sum up, the phytoconstituents from two plants showed better anticancer activity against TS protein that can be further developed as an anti-CRC drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rashedul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.R.I.); (W.M.I.H.); (O.I.O.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Varendra University, Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh;
| | - Md Abdul Awal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (S.M.N.); (A.O.A.)
| | - Ahmed Khames
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad A. S. Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Abdus Samad
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh; (A.S.); (R.A.)
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Biological Solution Centre (BioSol Centre), Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Walid M. I. Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.R.I.); (W.M.I.H.); (O.I.O.)
| | - Rahat Alam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh; (A.S.); (R.A.)
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Biological Solution Centre (BioSol Centre), Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Osman I. Osman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.R.I.); (W.M.I.H.); (O.I.O.)
| | - Suza Mohammad Nur
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (S.M.N.); (A.O.A.)
| | | | - Abdulrasheed O. Abdulrahman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (S.M.N.); (A.O.A.)
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Inserm, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Sultana Rajia
- Department of Pharmacy, Varendra University, Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh;
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CIR), Varendra University, Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh
| | - Foysal Ahammad
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Biological Solution Centre (BioSol Centre), Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Md Nazmul Hasan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh; (A.S.); (R.A.)
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Ishtiaq Qadri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
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Zhang X, Yang Z, An Y, Liu Y, Wei Q, Xu F, Yao H, Zhang Z. Clinical benefits of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:93. [PMID: 35331250 PMCID: PMC8944161 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02549-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunotherapy for colorectal cancer has developed rapidly in the past decade. Many high-quality clinical trials examining the application of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) have been conducted in recent years. However, the clinical benefits, including the efficacy and safety of these treatments against mCRC, remain controversial. Hence, we conducted this meta-analysis on the clinical benefits of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in patients with mCRC. Methods We searched online databases including MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, from inception to January 4, 2021. The outcomes related to efficacy and safety were extracted and analyzed. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to the categories of dMMR-MSI-H (tumors with mismatch repair deficiency and high levels of microsatellite instability) ≥ 5% vs. dMMR-MSI-H < 5%, monotherapy vs. combination therapy, PD-1 inhibitors vs. PD-L1 inhibitors, and nivolumab vs. pembrolizumab. Results Fourteen studies including 1129 subjects were included in our systematic review. The overall complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), and progression of disease (PD) rates were 0.01 (95% CI 0.00–0.04), 0.04 (95% CI 0.05–0.26), 0.27 (95% CI 0.22–0.32), and 0.44 (95% CI 0.30–0.58), respectively. The overall objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 0.16 (95%CI 0.06–0.31) and 0.50 (95%CI 0.35–0.65), respectively. The overall rate of adverse events (AEs) and severe adverse responses (SAEs) were 0.84 (95% CI 0.72–0.92) and 0.30 (95% CI 0.20–0.41), respectively. The ORRs of the dMMR-MSI-H ≥ 5% and dMMR-MSI-H < 5% subgroups were 0.40 (95% CI 0.30–0.51) and 0.04 (95% CI 0.00–0.09), respectively. Conclusions PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors produced encouraging clinical benefits including the response rate in the treatment of dMMR-MSI-H mCRC. They actually have been influenced by the present state of mCRC therapy including pMMR-MSI-L mCRC. Nevertheless, additional multi-center prospective studies are still expected. Trial registration We have registered this study in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), and the registration number is CRD42021249601. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12957-022-02549-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Rd, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengyang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Rd, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yongbo An
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Rd, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yishan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Rd, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Rd, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Fengming Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Rd, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Rd, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhongtao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Rd, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, China.
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Shi HY, Chen YC, Huang CW, Li CC, Su WC, Chang TK, Chen PJ, Yin TC, Tsai HL, Wang JY. Effectiveness and Cost-Utility Analysis of Different Doses of Irinotecan Plus Bevacizumab in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Long-Term and Prospective Cohort Study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:756078. [PMID: 35359363 PMCID: PMC8964058 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.756078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) had oncological benefits with irinotecan dose escalation of FOLFIRI regimen combined with bevacizumab according to UGT1A1 genotypes in our previous study. In the current study, we performed a quality of life (QOL) outcome evaluation and cost-utility analysis of different irinotecan dose regimens in patients with mCRC. Materials and Methods With inverse probability-of-treatment weighting (IPTW) matching on all covariates, 75 patients with dose escalation of irinotecan (study group) and 121 patients with the recommended dose of irinotecan (control group) were recruited between October 2015 and December 2019. The QOL outcome measures were Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Colorectal, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and SF-36; cost-utility outcome measures were medical direct costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-utility ratios (ICURs). Results All mCRC patients exhibited a significant decrease in both emotional wellbeing and depression from pretherapeutic period to posttherapeutic 6th month (P < 0.05); however, from the posttherapeutic 1st year to the 2nd year, improvement in most QOL measures was significantly better in the study group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Over a 2-year time period, the study group had higher total medical direct costs than the control group (US$ 54,742 ± 14,013 vs. US$ 54,608 ± 9,673) and higher average QALYs gained (1.88 vs. 1.65), with an ICUR of US$ 583 per QALY gained. Conclusion For patients with mCRC, irinotecan dose escalation appeared cost-effective with considerable QOL improvements during the study period. Further randomized, multi-institutional controlled trials are warranted to corroborate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hon-Yi Shi
- Department of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Business Management, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Cheng Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Huang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chun Li
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Su
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Kun Chang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jung Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chieh Yin
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Tatung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Lin Tsai
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Jaw-Yuan Wang, ; ; Hsiang-Lin Tsai,
| | - Jaw-Yuan Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Pingtung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Pingtung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Jaw-Yuan Wang, ; ; Hsiang-Lin Tsai,
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Yue T, Liu X, Zuo S, Zhu J, Li J, Liu Y, Chen S, Wang P. BCL2A1 and CCL18 Are Predictive Biomarkers of Cisplatin Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy in Colon Cancer Patients. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:799278. [PMID: 35265629 PMCID: PMC8898943 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.799278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cisplatin enhances the antitumor T cell response, and the combination of PD-L1 blockade produces a synergistic therapeutic effect. However, the clinical correlation between cisplatin and immunotherapy in colon cancer (CC) is unknown. Methods: Using the “pRRophetic” package, we calculated the IC50 of cisplatin. The correlation between cisplatin IC50, cisplatin resistance–related genes (CCL18 and BCL2A1), and immunotherapy were preliminarily verified in TCGA and further validated in independent cohorts (GSE39582 and GSE17538), cisplatin-resistant CC cell line DLD1, and our own clinical specimens. Classification performance was evaluated using the AUC value of the ROC curve. Scores of immune signatures, autophagy, ferroptosis, and stemness were quantified using the ssGSEA algorithm. Results: Based on respective medians of three CC cohorts, patients were divided into high- and low-IC50 groups. Compared with the high IC50 group, the low-IC50 group had significantly higher tumor microenvironment (TME) scores and lower tumor purity. Most co-signaling molecules were upregulated in low IC50 group. CC patients with good immunotherapy efficacy (MSI, dMMR, and more TMB) were more attributable to the low-IC50 group. Among seven shared differentially expressed cisplatin resistance–related genes, CCL18 and BCL2A1 had the best predictive efficacy of the above immunotherapy biomarkers. For wet experimental verification, compared with cisplatin-resistant DLD1, similar to PD-L1, CCL18 and BCL2A1 were significantly upregulated in wild-type DLD1. In our own CC tissues, the mRNA expression of CCL18, BCL2A1, and PD-L1 in dMMR were significantly increased. The high group of CCL18 or BCL2A1 had a higher proportion of MSI, dMMR, and more TMB. IC50, CCL18, BCL2A1, and PD-L1 were closely related to scores of immune-related pathways, immune signatures, autophagy, ferroptosis, and stemness. The microRNA shared by BCL2A1 and PD-L1, hsa-miR-137, were significantly associated with CCL18, BCL2A1, and PD-L1, and downregulated in low-IC50 group. The activity of the TOLL-like receptor signaling pathway affected the sensitivity of CC patients to cisplatin and immunotherapy. For subtype analysis, immune C2, immune C6, HM-indel, HM-SNV, C18, and C20 were equally sensitive to cisplatin chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Conclusions: CC patients sensitive to cisplatin chemotherapy were also sensitive to immunotherapy. CCL18 and BCL2A1 were novel biomarkers for cisplatin and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taohua Yue
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangzheng Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Zuo
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jichang Li
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yucun Liu
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanwen Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengyuan Wang
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Plundrich D, Chikhladze S, Fichtner-Feigl S, Feuerstein R, Briquez PS. Molecular Mechanisms of Tumor Immunomodulation in the Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2782. [PMID: 35269922 PMCID: PMC8910988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer remains one of the most important health challenges in our society. The development of cancer immunotherapies has fostered the need to better understand the anti-tumor immune mechanisms at play in the tumor microenvironment and the strategies by which the tumor escapes them. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular interactions that regulate tumor inflammation. We particularly discuss immunomodulatory cell-cell interactions, cell-soluble factor interactions, cell-extracellular matrix interactions and cell-microbiome interactions. While doing so, we highlight relevant examples of tumor immunomodulation in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Plundrich
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sophia Chikhladze
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 900048, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 900048, USA
| | - Stefan Fichtner-Feigl
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Reinhild Feuerstein
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Priscilla S Briquez
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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Yu YQ, Ma L, Wang WJ, Zhao YQ, Xu HF, Cao J, Li L, Hao JQ, Gao JR, Gu XF, Liu YY, Huang JX, Fan YP, Du LB, Cao HL, Feng CY, Zhu Q, Wang XH, Du JC, Bangura MS, Zhang X, Zhang SK, Qiao YL. Health-related quality of life in advanced colorectal cancer patients in China: a nationwide hospital-based survey. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:328. [PMID: 35433947 PMCID: PMC9011208 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in China, and most CRC patients have already reached an advanced stage by the time of initial diagnosis. Due to the loss of health as a result of cancer, it has consequence on the treatment which may affect the psychophysical and social impairment of CRC patients. These indicators (psychophysical, function and social impairment) affect the health-related quality of life (HRQOL). There are limited studies that focus on advanced CRC patients in China. This study aimed to assess the HRQOL and its associated factors of advanced CRC patients in China. Methods This was a cross-sectional, nationwide, hospital-based, and multi-center survey. According to the traditional administrative district definition, we selected 19 hospitals in 7 regions by multi-stage stratified sampling in China. For each eligible CRC patient with stage III or IV in the selected hospitals, socio-demographics, clinical information, and HRQOL were collected based on patients’ self-reporting and/or medical records between March 2020 and March 2021. Patients completed the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Colorectal (FACT-C) plus-traditional Chinese version of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ)-9. Results A total of 4,589 CRC patients (mean age 60.1 years, including 2,730 males and 1,859 females) were included. The total score of HRQOL in population was 128.2±24.70. There were significant differences in the overall score of HRQOL in gender, education level, occupation, region, disease type, and disease stage (P<0.05). The score of HRQOL was better in males, undergraduates and above, unemployed/laid-off, and southwestern and central China. Multivariate analysis showed that education level, occupation, location, number of hospitals visited and treatment methods, and gender were associated with utilities of CRC patients. Conclusions The HRQOL is an important outcome measure for CRC patients. The HRQOL scores differed according to socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, and findings of these factors were associated with education level, occupation, region, number of visited and treatment methods, and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qin Yu
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,The Clinical Epidemiology of Research Center, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Li Ma
- Public Health School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- School of Nursing, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yu-Qian Zhao
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui-Fang Xu
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University/Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan Engineering Research Center of Cancer Prevention and Control, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ji Cao
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control Office, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Qi Hao
- The Clinical Epidemiology of Research Center, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Jing-Ru Gao
- The Clinical Epidemiology of Research Center, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Xiao-Fen Gu
- Department of Student Affairs, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Yun-Yong Liu
- Liaoning Office for Cancer Control and Research, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Juan-Xiu Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital, Wuzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ping Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Bin Du
- Department of Cancer Prevention, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - He-Lu Cao
- Department of Preventive Health, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chang-Yan Feng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wang
- Department of Public Health, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing-Chang Du
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Xi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Beijing Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shao-Kai Zhang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University/Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan Engineering Research Center of Cancer Prevention and Control, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - You-Lin Qiao
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University/Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan Engineering Research Center of Cancer Prevention and Control, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Zhengzhou, China.,Center for Global Health, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer: Mechanisms and Predictive Biomarkers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14041028. [PMID: 35205776 PMCID: PMC8869923 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Late-stage colorectal cancer treatment often involves chemotherapy and radiation that can cause dose-limiting toxicity, and therefore there is great interest in developing targeted therapies for this disease. Immunotherapy is a targeted therapy that uses peptides, cells, antibodies, viruses, or small molecules to engage or train the immune system to kill cancer. Here, we discuss the preclinical and clinical development of immunotherapy for treatment of colorectal cancer and provide an overview of predictive biomarkers for such treatments. We also consider open questions including optimal combination treatments and sensitization of colorectal cancer patients with proficient mismatch repair enzymes. Abstract Though early-stage colorectal cancer has a high 5 year survival rate of 65–92% depending on the specific stage, this probability drops to 13% after the cancer metastasizes. Frontline treatments for colorectal cancer such as chemotherapy and radiation often produce dose-limiting toxicities in patients and acquired resistance in cancer cells. Additional targeted treatments are needed to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Immunotherapy involves treatment with peptides, cells, antibodies, viruses, or small molecules to engage or train the immune system to kill cancer cells. Preclinical and clinical investigations of immunotherapy for treatment of colorectal cancer including immune checkpoint blockade, adoptive cell therapy, monoclonal antibodies, oncolytic viruses, anti-cancer vaccines, and immune system modulators have been promising, but demonstrate limitations for patients with proficient mismatch repair enzymes. In this review, we discuss preclinical and clinical studies investigating immunotherapy for treatment of colorectal cancer and predictive biomarkers for response to these treatments. We also consider open questions including optimal combination treatments to maximize efficacy, minimize toxicity, and prevent acquired resistance and approaches to sensitize mismatch repair-proficient patients to immunotherapy.
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Landscape of Immunotherapy Options for Colorectal Cancer: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives beyond Immune Checkpoint Blockade. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020229. [PMID: 35207516 PMCID: PMC8878674 DOI: 10.3390/life12020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most prevalent malignancy in Western countries and a major cause of death despite recent improvements in screening programs and early detection methods. In the last decade, a growing effort has been put into better understanding how the immune system interacts with cancer cells. Even if treatments with immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD1, anti-PD-L1, anti-CTLA4) were proven effective for several cancer types, the benefit for colorectal cancer patients is still limited. However, a subset of patients with deficient mismatch repair (dMMR)/microsatellite-instability-high (MSI-H) metastatic colorectal cancer has been observed to have a prolonged benefit to immune checkpoint inhibitors. As a result, pembrolizumab and nivolumab +/− ipilimumab recently obtained the Food and Drug Administration approval. This review aims to highlight the body of knowledge on immunotherapy in the colorectal cancer setting, discussing the potential mechanisms of resistance and future strategies to extend its use.
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187
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A possible theranostic approach of chitosan-coated iron oxide nanoparticles against human colorectal carcinoma (HCT-116) cell line. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:154-160. [PMID: 35002403 PMCID: PMC8717146 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron oxides have become increasingly popular for their use as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool in oncology. This study aimed to improve pharmacological valuable of Fe3O4, which may be use to diagnosis colorectal cancers (CRC). Here, we have developed chitosan (CS) coated Fe3O4 through a cost-effective procedure. First, we determined the characterization of OA-C-Fe3O4 by FTIR, UV–Vis spectra, and TEM. Then, we evaluated the photodynamic therapeutic (PDT) activity of OA-C-Fe3O4 in human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (HCT 116). Current results revealed that the light-induced enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity of the nanoparticles (NPs) and caused cell death via the activity of caspase 9/3. The in vitro magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) experiments in (HCT 116) and human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293) illustrated that nanohybrid is an effective MRI contrasting agents for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
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Ishiguro S, Upreti D, Bassette M, Singam ERA, Thakkar R, Loyd M, Inui M, Comer J, Tamura M. Local immune checkpoint blockade therapy by an adenovirus encoding a novel PD-L1 inhibitory peptide inhibits the growth of colon carcinoma in immunocompetent mice. Transl Oncol 2022; 16:101337. [PMID: 34990908 PMCID: PMC8741604 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel inhibitory peptide interfering with the PD-L1/PD-1 immune checkpoint pathway, dubbed PD-L1ip3, was designed. The affinity of PD-L1ip3 for PD-L1 was only a few times weaker than that of its natural ligand, PD-1. Direct treatment with PD-L1ip3 enhanced the ability of CD8+ T cells primed with cancer antigens to kill cancer cells in culture. A combination treatment including transduction into cancer cells of a gene encoding PD-L1ip3 coupled with direct administration of PD-L1ip3 in peptide form significantly attenuated the growth of murine colon carcinoma in mice.
A novel peptide that interferes with the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint pathway, termed PD-L1 inhibitory peptide 3 (PD-L1ip3), was computationally designed, experimentally validated for its specific binding to PD-L1, and evaluated for its antitumor effects in cell culture and in a mouse colon carcinoma syngeneic murine model. In several cell culture studies, direct treatment with PD-L1ip3, but not a similar peptide with a scrambled sequence, substantially increased death of CT26 colon carcinoma cells when co-cultured with murine CD8+ T cells primed by CT26 cell antigens. In a syngeneic mouse tumor model, the growth of CT26 tumor cells transduced with the PD-L1ip3 gene by an adenovirus vector was significantly slower than that of un-transduced CT26 cells in immunocompetent mice. This tumor growth attenuation was further enhanced by the coadministration of the peptide form of PD-L1ip3 (10 mg/kg/day). The current study suggests that this peptide can stimulate host antitumor immunity via blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, thereby increasing CD8+ T cell-induced death of colon carcinoma cells. The tumor site-specific inhibition of PD-L1 by an adenovirus carrying the PD-L1ip3 gene, together with direct peptide treatment, may be used as a local immune checkpoint blockade therapy to inhibit colon carcinoma growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Ishiguro
- Departments of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Deepa Upreti
- Departments of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Molly Bassette
- Departments of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - E R Azhagiya Singam
- Departments of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; Molecular Graphics and Computation Facility, College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Ravindra Thakkar
- Departments of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Mayme Loyd
- Departments of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Makoto Inui
- Departments of Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Jeffrey Comer
- Departments of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Masaaki Tamura
- Departments of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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Qi H, Zhang X, Liu H, Han M, Tang X, Qu S, Wang X, Yang Y. Shikonin induced Apoptosis Mediated by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Colorectal Cancer Cells. J Cancer 2022; 13:243-252. [PMID: 34976186 PMCID: PMC8692675 DOI: 10.7150/jca.65297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Shikonin is a naphthoquinone pigment isolated from the root of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, which has displayed potent anti-tumor properties. However, the effects of shikonin in colorectal cancer cells have not been yet fully investigated. In this study, we demonstrated that shikonin significantly inhibited the activity of colorectal cancer cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The flow cytometry and western blot results indicated that shikonin induced cell apoptosis by down-regulating BCL-2 and activating caspase-3/9 and the cleavage of PARP. The expression of BiP and the PERK/elF2α/ATF4/CHOP and IRE1α /JNK signaling pathways were upregulated after shikonin treatment. The pre-treatment with N-acetyl cysteine significantly reduced the cytotoxicity of shikonin. Taken together, shikonin could inhibit proliferation of the colorectal cancer cell through the activation of ROS mediated-ER stress. The in vivo results showed that shikonin effectively inhibited tumor growth in the HCT-116 and HCT-15 xenograft models. In conclusion, shikonin inhibited the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo and warrants future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qi
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China.,Oncology and Immunology BU, Research Service Division, WuXi Apptec, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Oncology and Immunology BU, Research Service Division, WuXi Apptec, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Han
- Oncology and Immunology BU, Research Service Division, WuXi Apptec, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuzhen Tang
- Oncology and Immunology BU, Research Service Division, WuXi Apptec, Shanghai, China
| | - Shulan Qu
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yifu Yang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
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Wang X, Wang J, Zhao J, Wang H, Chen J, Wu J. HMGA2 facilitates colorectal cancer progression via STAT3-mediated tumor-associated macrophage recruitment. Theranostics 2022; 12:963-975. [PMID: 34976223 PMCID: PMC8692921 DOI: 10.7150/thno.65411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), generally displaying the pro-tumor M2-like phenotype, strongly influence the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) via their immunosuppressive activities. The high-mobility gene group A2 (HMGA2), an oncoprotein, is aberrantly overexpressed in CRC cells. However, the mechanisms by which tumor-derived HMGA2 modulates tumor microenvironment in CRC remain poorly understood. Methods:In vivo subcutaneous tumor xenograft model, azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced tumor mouse model and in vitro co-culture assays were used to investigate the Hmga2 role in TAM recruitment and polarization. Luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were applied to examine the mechanism of HMGA2-mediated transcriptional regulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). The CD68 correlation with patient outcome was analyzed in 167 human CRC tissues. Results: We found that HMGA2 in cancer cells promoted macrophage recruitment and M2 polarization in vitro and in vivo. HMGA2 directly bound to the STAT3 promoter to activate its transcription and subsequently induced CCL2 secretion, thus promoting macrophage recruitment. Our results from human CRC specimens also revealed a strong positive association between HMGA2 expression in tumor cells and CD68 expression in the stroma. We further showed that patients with an elevated CD68 expression had an unfavorable overall survival in all of the patients or in the subgroup with negative distant metastasis. Conclusion: Our work uncovers new insight into the link between the HMGA2/STAT3/CCL2 axis and macrophage recruitment in CRC. These findings provide a novel therapeutic option for targeting the HMGA2/STAT3/CCL2 axis in CRC.
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Qin Y, Li M, Lin Q, Pan X, Liang Y, Huang Z, Liu Z, Huang L, Fang M. Colorectal Cancer Cell Differentiation Trajectory Predicts Patient Immunotherapy Response and Prognosis. Cancer Control 2022; 29:10732748221121382. [PMID: 36036380 PMCID: PMC9421035 DOI: 10.1177/10732748221121382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate the differentiation state and clinical significance of colorectal cancer cells, as well as to predict the immune response and prognosis of patients based on differentiation-related genes of colorectal cancer. Introduction Colorectal cancer cells exhibit different differentiation states under the influence of the tumor microenvironment, which determines the cell fates. Methods We combined single-cell sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from The Cancer Genome Atlas source with extensive transcriptome data from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. We obtained colorectal cancer differentiation-related genes using cell trajectory analysis and developed a colorectal cancer differentiation-related gene based molecular typing and prognostic model to predict the immune response and prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. Results We identified 5 distinct cell differentiation subsets and 620 colorectal cancer differentiation-related genes. Colorectal cancer differentiation-related genes were significantly associated with metabolism, angiogenesis, and immunity. We separated patients into 3 subtypes based on colorectal cancer differentiation-related gene expression in the tumor and found differences among the different subtypes in immune infiltration status, immune checkpoint gene expression, clinicopathological features, and overall survival. Immunotherapeutic interventions involving a highly expressed immune checkpoint blockade may be selectively effective in the corresponding cancer subtypes. We built a risk score prediction model (5-year AUC: .729) consisting of the 4 most important predictors of survival (TIMP1, MMP1, LGALS4, and ITLN1). Finally, we generated and validated a nomogram consisting of the risk score and clinicopathological variables. Conclusion This study highlights the significance of genes involved in cell differentiation for clinical prognosis and immunotherapy in patients and provides prospective therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology, China.,Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Tissue & Organ Injury and Repair Medicine, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Basic Science and Prevention of Perioperative Organ Disfunction, China
| | - Meiqin Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, China
| | - Qiumei Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, China
| | - Xiaolan Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, China
| | - Yihua Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, China
| | - Zhaodong Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, China
| | - Zhimin Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, China
| | - Lingsha Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, China
| | - Min Fang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology, China.,Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Tissue & Organ Injury and Repair Medicine, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Basic Science and Prevention of Perioperative Organ Disfunction, China
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Wang N, Pei B, Yuan X, Yi C, Wiredu Ocansey DK, Qian H, Mao F. Emerging roles of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in gastrointestinal cancers. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1019459. [PMID: 36338118 PMCID: PMC9631450 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1019459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tumours are the most common solid tumours, with a poor prognosis and remain a major challenge in cancer treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent stromal cells with the potential to differentiate into multiple cell types. Several studies have shown that MSC-derived exosomes have become essential regulators of intercellular communication in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Notably, MSC-derived exosomes support or inhibit tumour progression in different cancers through the delivery of proteins, RNA, DNA, and bioactive lipids. Herein, we summarise current advances in MSC-derived exosomes in cancer research, with particular reference to their role in gastrointestinal tumour development. MSC-derived exosomes are expected to be a novel potential strategy for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naijian Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Pei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suqian First People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengxue Yi
- School of Medical Technology, Zhenjiang College, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dickson Kofi Wiredu Ocansey
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Directorate of University Health Services, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Hua Qian
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Hua Qian,
| | - Fei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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Sur D, Lungulescu C, Puscariu II, Volovat SR, Preda M, Mateianu EA, Lungulescu CV. Immunotherapy-Related Publications in Colorectal Cancer: A Bibliometric Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 10:healthcare10010075. [PMID: 35052239 PMCID: PMC8775748 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with microsatellite-instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatched repair-deficient colorectal cancer (CRC) appear to be responsive to checkpoint inhibitors. This study aimed to assess research trends in CRC immunotherapy. Publication patterns of articles covering immunotherapies in CRC in the Web of Science Core Collection database were retrospectively examined using VOS viewer software (version 1.6.16) prior to 25 May 2021. Ultimately, 3977 records were identified that were published between 1975 and 2021, which received a total of 128,681 citations (an average of 32.36 citations per item), with a noticeable rise in 2014. The majority of articles were published in the US (35.8%), China (17.7%), and Germany (9.4%). Publications mainly originated from the Institut National de la Santé Et De La Recherche Medicale Inserm, followed by the University of Texas System and Harvard University; however, Johns Hopkins University received the most citations (18,666 for 69 publications). The Journal of Clinical Oncology issued the most publications (n = 146), while the most referenced item (7724 citations) was published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2012. The most common keywords were associated with tumors (expression and microsatellite instability) or immune system components (t-cells/dendritic cells). The findings demonstrate the scientific community’s interest in the MSI-H subtype of colorectal tumors and how immunotherapy may be employed more successfully to treat metastatic CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sur
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (C.V.L.)
| | - Cristina Lungulescu
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Irina-Ioana Puscariu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Simona Ruxandra Volovat
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T Popa Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Madalina Preda
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Virology, Faculty of Midwives and Nursing, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Elena Adriana Mateianu
- Institute of Oncology “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu”, Șoseaua Fundeni, 022238 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Cristian Virgil Lungulescu
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (C.V.L.)
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Zhong F, Lin Y, Jing X, Ye Y, Wang S, Shen Z. Innate tumor killers in colorectal cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 527:115-126. [PMID: 34952144 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Standard treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) improves the prognosis of CRC patients, but it is still intractable to control the progression of metastatic CRC. Immune microenvironment and immunotherapies of CRC have received extensive attention in recent years, but present immunotherapies of CRC have mainly focused on T cells and therapeutic response is only observed in a small proportion of patients. Innate immune cells are the first-line of defense in the development of malignancies. Natural killer (NK) cells, NKT cells and γδT cells are three types of innate cells of lymphoid origin and show cytotoxicity against various tumor cells including CRC. Besides, in the development of CRC, they can also be inhibited or express regulatory type, promoting tumor progression. Researches about anti-tumorigenic and pro-tumorigenic mechanisms of these cells are ongoing and regulation of these cells is also being unearthed. Meanwhile, immunotherapies using these cells more or less have shown efficacy in animal models and some of them are under exploration in clinical trials. This review provides an overview of intrinsic properties of NK cell, NKT cell and γδT cell, and summarizes current related promising treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyun Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China; Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China.
| | - Yilin Lin
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China; Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China.
| | - Xiangxiang Jing
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China; Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China.
| | - Yingjiang Ye
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China; Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China.
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China; Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China.
| | - Zhanlong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China; Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China.
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Deng XH, Li J, Chen SJ, Xie YJ, Zhang J, Cen GY, Song YT, Liang ZJ. Clinical features of intracerebral hemorrhage in patients with colorectal cancer and its underlying pathogenesis. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:2180-2189. [PMID: 35070050 PMCID: PMC8713314 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i12.2180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of both cancer and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the same patient is not uncommon, but the clinical features and pathogenesis of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and ICH are still not well known.
AIM To investigate the clinical features and underlying pathogenesis of ICH in patients with CRC.
METHODS A retrospective review of CRC patients complicated with ICH from three centers between January 2014 and December 2020 was performed. Clinical data such as laboratory examinations, imaging features, prognosis, and underlying pathogenesis were analyzed.
RESULTS Of 16673 identified CRC patients, 20 (0.12%) suffered from ICH. There were 13 males and 7 females, with an average age (mean ± SD) of 68.45 ± 10.66 years. Fourteen patients (70%) had distant metastases and most patients (85%) showed an elevation of one or more cancer biomarkers. The hemorrhagic lesions in 13 patients (65%) were in the intracerebral lobe. Four patients were completely dependent and 4 died within 30 days after hemorrhage. Intratumoral hemorrhage (50%) and coagulopathy (50%) accounted for the majority of hemorrhages.
CONCLUSION Patients with ICH and CRC often have clinical features with lobar hemorrhage, distant metastases and poor prognosis. Intratumoral hemorrhage and coagulopathy are the main causes of ICH in patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Hui Deng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Yuebei People’s Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan 512025, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of General Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Center of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shi-Jian Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yi-Ju Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Geng-Yu Cen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yi-Ting Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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Jiang L, Yang M, He S, Li Z, Li H, Niu T, Xie D, Mei Y, He X, Wei L, Huang P, Huang M, Zhang R, Wang L, Li J. MMP12 knockout prevents weight and muscle loss in tumor-bearing mice. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1297. [PMID: 34863141 PMCID: PMC8642861 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-09004-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is a malignant gastrointestinal cancer, in which some advanced patients would develop cancer cachexia (CAC). CAC is defined as a multi-factorial syndrome characterized by weight loss and muscle loss (with or without fat mass), leading to progressive dysfunction, thereby increasing morbidity and mortality. ApcMin/+ mice develop spontaneous intestinal adenoma, which provides an established model of colorectal cancer for CAC study. Upon studying the ApcMin/+ mouse model, we observed a marked decrease in weight gain beginning around week 15. Such a reduction in weight gain was rescued when ApcMin/+ mice were crossed with MMP12-/- mice, indicating that MMP12 has a role in age-related ApcMin/+-associated weight loss. As a control, the weight of MMP12-/- mice on a weekly basis, their weight were not significantly different from those of WT mice. METHODS ApcMin/+; MMP12-/- mice were obtained by crossing ApcMin/+ mice with MMP12 knockout (MMP12 -/-) mice. Histological scores were assessed using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. MMP12 expression was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. ELISA, protein microarrays and quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) were used to investigate whether tumor could up-regulate IL-6. Cell-based assays and western blot were used to verify the regulatory relationship between IL-6 and MMP12. Fluorescence intensity was measured to determine whether MMP12 is associated with insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in vitro. MMP12 inhibitors were used to explore whether MMP12 could affect the body weight of ApcMin/+ mice. RESULTS MMP12 knockout led to weight gain and expansion of muscle fiber cross-sectional area (all mice had C57BL/6 background) in ApcMin/+ mice, while inhibiting MMP12 could suppress weight loss in ApcMin/+ mice. MMP12 was up-regulated in muscle tissues and peritoneal macrophages of ApcMin/+ mice. IL-6 in tumor cells and colorectal cancer patients is up-regulation. IL-6 stimulated MMP12 secretion of macrophage. CONCLUSIONS MMP12 is essential for controlling body weight of Apc Min/+ mice. Our study shows that it exists the crosstalk between cancer cells and macrophages in muscle tissues that tumor cells secrete IL-6 inducing macrophages to up-regulate MMP12. This study may provide a new perspective of MMP12 in the treatment for weight loss induced by CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbi Jiang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mingming Yang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Shihui He
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhengyang Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Haobin Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ting Niu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dehuan Xie
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yan Mei
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiaodong He
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lili Wei
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Pinzhu Huang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Mingzhe Huang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lijing Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jiangchao Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Vuik FER, Nieuwenburg SAV, Nagtegaal ID, Kuipers EJ, Spaander MCW. Clinicopathological characteristics of early onset colorectal cancer. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2021; 54:1463-1471. [PMID: 34637541 PMCID: PMC9292775 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rising incidence of early onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) might reflect a novel tumour entity. AIMS To evaluate clinicopathological characteristics of sporadic EOCRC (in patients < 50 years old) and investigate changes over time METHODS: All patients with sporadic EOCRC between 1989 and 2016 were included and divided by age: 20-29 years (group I), 30-39 years (group II) and 40-49 years (group III). RESULTS We included 6400 patients. The presence of signet-ring cells and more poorly differentiated tumours were more common in the younger age groups: 5.4% and 3.7% for signet-ring cells in group I and II vs 1.4% in group III (P < 0.01), and 28.5% and 20.3% for poorly differentiated in group I and II vs 16.6% in group III, (P < 0.01 group I; P = 0.07 group II). Positive lymph nodes were more frequently observed in the younger age groups: 16.2% in group I vs 9.3% in group II (P = 0.01) and 7.9% (P < 0.01) in group III. Over time, a greater proportion of CRCs were diagnosed in women in group I (34.5% < 2004 vs 54.9%>2005, P = 0.09), and a higher percentage of rectal cancer was found in age group III (34.3% < 2004 vs 40.7% > 2005, P < 0.01). Mean overall survival was 6.3 years and improved over time. CONCLUSIONS EOCRC is not only characterised by age of onset but also by the more frequent presence of signet-ring cells, more poorly differentiated tumours, and higher risk of lymph node metastases. In the most recent years, a higher proportion of rectal cancer was found from the age of 30 years, and a higher proportion of CRCs were diagnosed in females below the age of 30 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny E. R. Vuik
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Stella A. V. Nieuwenburg
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Iris D. Nagtegaal
- Department of PathologyRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Ernst J. Kuipers
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Manon C. W. Spaander
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
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198
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Zaborowski AM, Winter DC, Lynch L. The therapeutic and prognostic implications of immunobiology in colorectal cancer: a review. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:1341-1349. [PMID: 34302062 PMCID: PMC8575924 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01475-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer represents the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The therapeutic field of immuno-oncology has rapidly gained momentum, with strikingly promising results observed in clinical practice. Increasing emphasis has been placed on the role of the immune response in tumorigenesis, therapy and predicting prognosis. Enhanced understanding of the dynamic and complex tumour-immune microenvironment has enabled the development of molecularly directed, individualised treatment. Analysis of intra-tumoural lymphocyte infiltration and the dichotomisation of colorectal cancer into microsatellite stable and unstable disease has important therapeutic and prognostic implications, with potential to capitalise further on this data. This review discusses the latest evidence surrounding the tumour biology and immune landscape of colorectal cancer, novel immunotherapies and the interaction of the immune system with each apex of the tripartite of cancer management (oncotherapeutics, radiotherapy and surgery). By utilising the synergy of chemotherapeutic agents and immunotherapies, and identifying prognostic and predictive immunological biomarkers, we may enter an era of unprecedented disease control, survivorship and cure rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M. Zaborowski
- grid.412751.40000 0001 0315 8143Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland ,grid.8217.c0000 0004 1936 9705School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Des C. Winter
- grid.412751.40000 0001 0315 8143Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland ,grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Lydia Lynch
- grid.8217.c0000 0004 1936 9705School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Institutes of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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199
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Stukalova OY, Polikarpov AA, Isсhenko RV. CHEMOEMBOLIZATION OF THE HEPATIC ARTERY IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CHEMORESISTANT METASTASES OF COLORECTAL CANCER. REVIEW. SURGICAL PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.38181/2223-2427-2021-3-61-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the structure of the incidence of malignant tumors for a number of years, colorectal cancer occupies one of the leading positions, with a steady tendency to growth. The five-year survival rate of patients with metastatic liver damage in colorectal cancer does not exceed 28%. A significant breakthrough in the study of the biology of colorectal cancer has led to a deep understanding of individual processes of carcinogenesis and a personalized approach to treatment tactics. Despite this, the problem of chemoresistance remains one of the most acute. The high toxicity of systemic chemotherapy limits its use in this group of patients. In this connection, minimally invasive and at the same time effective methods of local treatment of malignant liver tumors have been introduced into clinical practice. These methods include: hepatic artery chemoinfusion, chemoembolization, oil chemoembolization and radioembolization. At present, a large world experience has already been accumulated in the application of the above-described methods of treatment. However, the question of the application of methods of interventional surgery in the treatment of patients with chemoresistant metastases is still open. The presented review reflects the results of the analysis of scientific literature on the treatment of this group of patients. The main stages of development and improvement of X-ray endovascular methods of treatment are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. A. Polikarpov
- Surgery and Oncology Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies of Healthcare Ministry of the Russian Federation
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200
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Persano S, Vicini F, Poggi A, Fernandez JLC, Rizzo GMR, Gavilán H, Silvestri N, Pellegrino T. Elucidating the Innate Immunological Effects of Mild Magnetic Hyperthermia on U87 Human Glioblastoma Cells: An In Vitro Study. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1668. [PMID: 34683961 PMCID: PMC8537446 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies have been approved as standard second-line or in some cases even as first-line treatment for a wide range of cancers. However, immunotherapy has not shown clinically relevant success in glioblastoma (GBM). This is principally due to the brain's "immune-privileged" status and the peculiar tumor microenvironment (TME) of GBM characterized by a lack of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and the establishment of immunosuppressive mechanisms. Herein, we explore a local mild thermal treatment, generated via cubic-shaped iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (size ~17 nm) when exposed to an external alternating magnetic field (AMF), to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) in U87 glioblastoma cells. In accordance with what has been observed with other tumor types, we found that mild magnetic hyperthermia (MHT) modulates the immunological profile of U87 glioblastoma cells by inducing stress-associated signals leading to enhanced phagocytosis and killing of U87 cells by macrophages. At the same time, we demonstrated that mild magnetic hyperthermia on U87 cells has a modulatory effect on the expression of inhibitory and activating NK cell ligands. Interestingly, this alteration in the expression of NK ligands in U87 cells upon MHT treatment increased their susceptibility to NK cell killing and enhanced NK cell functionality. The overall findings demonstrate that mild MHT stimulates ICD and sensitizes GBM cells to NK-mediated killing by inducing the upregulation of specific stress ligands, providing a novel immunotherapeutic approach for GBM treatment, with potential to synergize with existing NK cell-based therapies thus improving their therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Persano
- Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy; (F.V.); (G.M.R.R.); (H.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Francesco Vicini
- Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy; (F.V.); (G.M.R.R.); (H.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Alessandro Poggi
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (J.L.C.F.)
| | | | - Giusy Maria Rita Rizzo
- Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy; (F.V.); (G.M.R.R.); (H.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Helena Gavilán
- Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy; (F.V.); (G.M.R.R.); (H.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Niccolo Silvestri
- Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy; (F.V.); (G.M.R.R.); (H.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Teresa Pellegrino
- Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy; (F.V.); (G.M.R.R.); (H.G.); (N.S.)
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