151
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Tey S, Ahmad-Annuar A, Drew AP, Shahrizaila N, Nicholson GA, Kennerson ML. Mutation analysis of genes within the dynactin complex in a cohort of hereditary peripheral neuropathies. Clin Genet 2016; 90:127-33. [PMID: 26662454 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The cytoplasmic dynein-dynactin genes are attractive candidates for neurodegenerative disorders given their functional role in retrograde transport along neurons. The cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain (DYNC1H1) gene has been implicated in various neurodegenerative disorders, and dynactin 1 (DCTN1) genes have been implicated in a wide spectrum of disorders including motor neuron disease, Parkinson's disease, spinobulbar muscular atrophy and hereditary spastic paraplegia. However, the involvement of other dynactin genes with inherited peripheral neuropathies (IPN) namely, hereditary sensory neuropathy, hereditary motor neuropathy and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is under reported. We screened eight genes; DCTN1-6 and ACTR1A and ACTR1B in 136 IPN patients using whole-exome sequencing and high-resolution melt (HRM) analysis. Eight non-synonymous variants (including one novel variant) and three synonymous variants were identified. Four variants have been reported previously in other studies, however segregation analysis within family members excluded them from causing IPN in these families. No variants of disease significance were identified in this study suggesting the dynactin genes are unlikely to be a common cause of IPNs. However, with the ease of querying gene variants from exome data, these genes remain worthwhile candidates to assess unsolved IPN families for variants that may affect the function of the proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tey
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A Ahmad-Annuar
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A P Drew
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - N Shahrizaila
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - G A Nicholson
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - M L Kennerson
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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152
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Gonzalez S, Berthelot J, Jiner J, Perrin-Tricaud C, Fernando R, Chrast R, Lenaers G, Tricaud N. Blocking mitochondrial calcium release in Schwann cells prevents demyelinating neuropathies. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:1023-38. [PMID: 26878172 DOI: 10.1172/jci84505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells produce myelin sheath around peripheral nerve axons. Myelination is critical for rapid propagation of action potentials, as illustrated by the large number of acquired and hereditary peripheral neuropathies, such as diabetic neuropathy or Charcot-Marie-Tooth diseases, that are commonly associated with a process of demyelination. However, the early molecular events that trigger the demyelination program in these diseases remain unknown. Here, we used virally delivered fluorescent probes and in vivo time-lapse imaging in a mouse model of demyelination to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the demyelination process. We demonstrated that mitochondrial calcium released by voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) after sciatic nerve injury triggers Schwann cell demyelination via ERK1/2, p38, JNK, and c-JUN activation. In diabetic mice, VDAC1 activity was altered, resulting in a mitochondrial calcium leak in Schwann cell cytoplasm, thereby priming the cell for demyelination. Moreover, reduction of mitochondrial calcium release, either by shRNA-mediated VDAC1 silencing or pharmacological inhibition, prevented demyelination, leading to nerve conduction and neuromuscular performance recovery in rodent models of diabetic neuropathy and Charcot-Marie-Tooth diseases. Therefore, this study identifies mitochondria as the early key factor in the molecular mechanism of peripheral demyelination and opens a potential opportunity for the treatment of demyelinating peripheral neuropathies.
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153
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Podratz JL, Kulkarni A, Pleticha J, Kanwar R, Beutler AS, Staff NP, Windebank AJ. Neurotoxicity to DRG neurons varies between rodent strains treated with cisplatin and bortezomib. J Neurol Sci 2015; 362:131-5. [PMID: 26944133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a major dose limiting side effect that can lead to long-term morbidity. Approximately one-third of patients receiving chemotherapy with taxanes, vinca alkaloids, platinum compounds or proteasome inhibitors develop this toxic side effect. It is not possible to predict who will get CIPN, however, genetic susceptibility may play a role. We explored this hypothesis using an established in vitro dorsal root ganglia neurite outgrowth (DRG-NOG) assay to assess possible genetic influences for cisplatin- and bortezomib-induced neurotoxicity. Almost all previous in vitro studies have used rats or mice. We compared DRG-NOG between four genetically defined, inbred mouse strains (C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, BALB/cJ, and C3H/HeJ) and one rat strain (Sprague Dawley). Our studies found differences in cisplatin and bortezomib-induced neurotoxicity between mouse and rat strains and between the different mouse strains. C57BL/6J and Balb/cJ DRG-NOG was more sensitive to cisplatin than DBA/2J and C3H/HeJ DRG-NOG, and all mouse strains were more sensitive to cisplatin than rat. Bortezomib induced a biphasic dose response in DBA/2J and C3H/H3J mice. C57BL/6J DRG-NOG was most sensitive and Balb/cJ DRG-NOG was least sensitive to bortezomib. Our animal data supports the hypothesis that genetic background may play a role in CIPN and care must be taken when rodent models are used to better understand the contribution of genetics in patient susceptibility to CIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jewel L Podratz
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Amit Kulkarni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Josef Pleticha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Rahul Kanwar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Andreas S Beutler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Nathan P Staff
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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154
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Beckmann NA, Wolf SI, Heitzmann D, Wallroth A, Müller S, Dreher T. Cavovarus deformity in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: is there a hindfoot equinus deformity that needs treatment? J Foot Ankle Res 2015; 8:65. [PMID: 26617675 PMCID: PMC4661993 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-015-0121-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), one of the most common hereditary neurologic disorders, often results in debilitating cavovarus foot deformities. The deformities are still not fully understood, and the treatment recommendations are consequently heterogeneous, often including calf muscle or Achilles tendon lengthening. Methods We examined 40 patients (80 feet) with CMT and bilateral cavovarus deformities (19 men and 21 women, mean age 33.6 ± 14.6 years) and the feet of a healthy control population of 13 individuals (7 men and 6 women, mean age 43.9 ± 10.8 years). In all cases 3D instrumented gait analysis results with both conventional Plug-in-Gait analysis and the Heidelberg Foot Measurement Method (HFMM) were used to determine the sagittal plane kinematics, dorsi-plantar flexion (DPF), tibio-talar dorsiflexion (TTDF), and medial arch angle (MAA), and the results of patients and the control group were compared using the 2 methods. Decreased and increased dorsiflexion using TTDF was defined as 1 standard deviation below or above the mean of the control. Comparisons were done using descriptive statistics, the Pearson correlation coefficient and ANOVA. Results The TTDF was found to be decreased in 18 of the 80 feet examined (22.5 %), normal in 31 feet (38.75 %), and increased in 31 feet (38.75 %). The Pearson coefficient showed a positive correlation with R = 0.765, p < 0.001 between decreased TTDF values found by HFMM and decreased DPF values found with conventional Plug-in-Gait analysis, but a very weak correlation in patients with normal TTDF (R = -0.118) and increased TTDF (R = 0.078). Also, in patients with decreased TTDF values, there was a weak to moderate correlation with the MAA (R = 0.335), but no correlation between the MAA and DPF (R = 0.023). Conclusions The HFMM, unlike the conventional Plug-in-Gait analysis, distinguishes between the segments of the foot in foot deformities and facilitates evaluation of the hindfoot equinus component in patients with CMT and cavovarus deformity. Although there is a significant correlation between decreased TTDF with HFMM and decreased DPF with conventional Plug-in-Gait analysis, this correlation was not seen in patients with normal or increased TTDF values. Conventional Plug-in-Gait analysis alone does not indicate if an increased plantar flexion deformity is the result of either a cavus deformity or hindfoot equinus deformity, which limits its usefulness in assisting in treatment decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Beckmann
- Clinic for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200A, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian I Wolf
- Heidelberg Motion Lab, Clinic for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200A, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Heitzmann
- Heidelberg Motion Lab, Clinic for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200A, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annika Wallroth
- Clinic for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200A, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Müller
- Clinic for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200A, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Dreher
- Clinic for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200A, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
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155
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Klein D, Martini R. Myelin and macrophages in the PNS: An intimate relationship in trauma and disease. Brain Res 2015; 1641:130-138. [PMID: 26631844 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages of the peripheral nervous system belong to the so-called tissue macrophages, with multiple functions during injury and disease. Their origin during ontogeny has not yet been completely resolved, but it is clear that upon injury and disease conditions, they are supplemented by hematopoietic derivatives. In the peripheral nervous system, the most abundantly investigated scenario in which resident and infiltrating macrophages are involved is the so-called "Wallerian degeneration", a complex degenerative process where macrophages exhibit mostly beneficial functions by phagocytosing myelin and axonal remnants. Of special interest is the implication of macrophages in inflammatory nerve diseases, like acute Guillain-Barré syndromes and its permanent variant, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, where macrophages are supposed to be substantial (co-)mediators of the diseases. In inherited peripheral neuropathies nerve macrophages possess a clear disease-amplifying function. In the corresponding animal models, a coordinated interplay between mutant Schwann cells, macrophages, endoneurial fibroblasts and the target structure, myelin, emerged. Along this process, a newly discovered disease mechanism mediated by macrophages is the dedifferentiation of myelinating Schwann cells. As macrophages are amplifiers of the genetically-mediated, non-curable diseases, targeting the mechanisms of their activation might be a promising strategy to treat these disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Myelin Evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Klein
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Neurology, Developmental Neurobiology, Josef-Schneider Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Martini
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Neurology, Developmental Neurobiology, Josef-Schneider Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
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156
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Høyer H, Busk ØL, Holla ØL, Strand L, Russell MB, Skjelbred CF, Braathen GJ. Hereditary peripheral neuropathies diagnosed by next-generation sequencing. TIDSSKRIFT FOR DEN NORSKE LEGEFORENING 2015; 135:1838-44. [PMID: 26534810 DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.14.1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a genetic technique used to determine the order of nucleotides in DNA. The technique has proved to be more efficient than the traditional method, Sanger sequencing, for sequencing multiple genes. NGS is now being used to diagnose disorders in which multiple genes are involved. This study has examined whether next-generation sequencing produces a greater number of positive diagnoses than its traditional counterpart in patients with suspected hereditary peripheral neuropathy. MATERIAL AND METHOD This study is a retrospective review of samples from 103 patients investigated for hereditary peripheral neuropathy, received by Telemark Hospital in the period 2012-14. After exclusion of duplication/deletion of PMP22, 96 samples were analysed by NGS with physical enrichment of 52 hereditary peripheral neuropathy genes. RESULTS A genetic cause was identified in 35 patients (34%) with peripheral neuropathy, of which 28 (27%) were point mutations identified by NGS. INTERPRETATION Of the pathogenic point mutations identified in this study, 12 were in genes that would previously have been analysed by Sanger sequencing in our department, whereas 16 were in genes that would not previously have been tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helle Høyer
- Seksjon for medisinsk genetikk Avdeling for laboratoriemedisin Sykehuset Telemark
| | - Øyvind L Busk
- Seksjon for medisinsk genetikk Avdeling for laboratoriemedisin Sykehuset Telemark
| | - Øystein L Holla
- Seksjon for medisinsk genetikk Avdeling for laboratoriemedisin Sykehuset Telemark
| | - Linda Strand
- Seksjon for medisinsk genetikk Avdeling for laboratoriemedisin Sykehuset Telemark
| | | | - Camilla F Skjelbred
- Seksjon for medisinsk genetikk Avdeling for laboratoriemedisin Sykehuset Telemark
| | - Geir J Braathen
- Seksjon for medisinsk genetikk Avdeling for laboratoriemedisin Sykehuset Telemark
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157
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Klein D, Patzkó Á, Schreiber D, van Hauwermeiren A, Baier M, Groh J, West BL, Martini R. Targeting the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor alleviates two forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease in mice. Brain 2015; 138:3193-205. [PMID: 26297559 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
See Scherer (doi:10.1093/awv279) for a scientific commentary on this article.Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1 neuropathies are inherited disorders of the peripheral nervous system caused by mutations in Schwann cell-related genes. Typically, no causative cure is presently available. Previous preclinical data of our group highlight the low grade, secondary inflammation common to distinct Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1 neuropathies as a disease amplifier. In the current study, we have tested one of several available clinical agents targeting macrophages through its inhibition of the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R). We here show that in two distinct mouse models of Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1 neuropathies, the systemic short- and long-term inhibition of CSF1R by oral administration leads to a robust decline in nerve macrophage numbers by ∼70% and substantial reduction of the typical histopathological and functional alterations. Interestingly, in a model for the dominant X-linked form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1 neuropathy, the second most common form of the inherited neuropathies, macrophage ablation favours maintenance of axonal integrity and axonal resprouting, leading to preserved muscle innervation, increased muscle action potential amplitudes and muscle strengths in the range of wild-type mice. In another model mimicking a mild, demyelination-related Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1 neuropathy caused by reduced P0 (MPZ) gene dosage, macrophage blockade causes an improved preservation of myelin, increased muscle action potential amplitudes, improved nerve conduction velocities and ameliorated muscle strength. These observations suggest that disease-amplifying macrophages can produce multiple adverse effects in the affected nerves which likely funnel down to common clinical features. Surprisingly, treatment of mouse models mimicking Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A neuropathy also caused macrophage blockade, but did not result in neuropathic or clinical improvements, most likely due to the late start of treatment of this early onset disease model. In summary, our study shows that targeting peripheral nerve macrophages by an orally administered inhibitor of CSF1R may offer a highly efficacious and safe treatment option for at least two distinct forms of the presently non-treatable Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1 neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Klein
- 1 Department of Neurology, Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg Josef-Schneider Str. 11, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ágnes Patzkó
- 1 Department of Neurology, Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg Josef-Schneider Str. 11, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Schreiber
- 1 Department of Neurology, Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg Josef-Schneider Str. 11, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anemoon van Hauwermeiren
- 1 Department of Neurology, Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg Josef-Schneider Str. 11, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Baier
- 1 Department of Neurology, Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg Josef-Schneider Str. 11, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Janos Groh
- 1 Department of Neurology, Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg Josef-Schneider Str. 11, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Rudolf Martini
- 1 Department of Neurology, Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg Josef-Schneider Str. 11, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
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158
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, channelopathies and peripheral neuropathies: current status and new perspectives. Curr Opin Neurol 2015; 28:453-4. [PMID: 26356409 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000000247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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159
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Sanmaneechai O, Feely S, Scherer SS, Herrmann DN, Burns J, Muntoni F, Li J, Siskind CE, Day JW, Laura M, Sumner CJ, Lloyd TE, Ramchandren S, Shy RR, Grider T, Bacon C, Finkel RS, Yum SW, Moroni I, Piscosquito G, Pareyson D, Reilly MM, Shy ME. Genotype-phenotype characteristics and baseline natural history of heritable neuropathies caused by mutations in the MPZ gene. Brain 2015; 138:3180-92. [PMID: 26310628 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to characterize genotype-phenotype correlations and establish baseline clinical data for peripheral neuropathies caused by mutations in the myelin protein zero (MPZ) gene. MPZ mutations are the second leading cause of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1. Recent research makes clinical trials for patients with MPZ mutations a realistic possibility. However, the clinical severity varies with different mutations and natural history data on progression is sparse. We present cross-sectional data to begin to define the phenotypic spectrum and clinical baseline of patients with these mutations. A cohort of patients with MPZ gene mutations was identified in 13 centres of the Inherited Neuropathies Consortium - Rare Disease Clinical Research Consortium (INC-RDCRC) between 2009 and 2012 and at Wayne State University between 1996 and 2009. Patient phenotypes were quantified by the Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease neuropathy score version 1 or 2 and the Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease paediatric scale outcome instruments. Genetic testing was performed in all patients and/or in first- or second-degree relatives to document mutation in MPZ gene indicating diagnosis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1B. There were 103 patients from 71 families with 47 different MPZ mutations with a mean age of 40 years (range 3-84 years). Patients and mutations were separated into infantile, childhood and adult-onset groups. The infantile onset group had higher Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease neuropathy score version 1 or 2 and slower nerve conductions than the other groups, and severity increased with age. Twenty-three patients had no family history of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Sixty-one patients wore foot/ankle orthoses, 19 required walking assistance or support, and 10 required wheelchairs. There was hearing loss in 21 and scoliosis in 17. Forty-two patients did not begin walking until after 15 months of age. Half of the infantile onset patients then required ambulation aids or wheelchairs for ambulation. Our results demonstrate that virtually all MPZ mutations are associated with specific phenotypes. Early onset (infantile and childhood) phenotypes likely represent developmentally impaired myelination, whereas the adult-onset phenotype reflects axonal degeneration without antecedent demyelination. Data from this cohort of patients will provide the baseline data necessary for clinical trials of patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease caused by MPZ gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oranee Sanmaneechai
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa, IA, USA 2 Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Shawna Feely
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Steven S Scherer
- 3 The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David N Herrmann
- 4 Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Joshua Burns
- 5 Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Research Group, University of Sydney / Paediatric Gait Analysis Service of NSW, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney / Neuromuscular Research Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- 6 University College London Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jun Li
- 7 Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Carly E Siskind
- 8 Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John W Day
- 8 Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matilde Laura
- 9 MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Charlotte J Sumner
- 10 Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas E Lloyd
- 10 Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Rosemary R Shy
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Tiffany Grider
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Chelsea Bacon
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa, IA, USA
| | | | - Sabrina W Yum
- 3 The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA 13 Neuromuscular Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Isabella Moroni
- 14 Departments of Child Neurology, IRCCS Foundation, Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Piscosquito
- 15 Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS Foundation, Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Pareyson
- 15 Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS Foundation, Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Mary M Reilly
- 9 MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Michael E Shy
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa, IA, USA
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160
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Exome Sequence Analysis Suggests that Genetic Burden Contributes to Phenotypic Variability and Complex Neuropathy. Cell Rep 2015; 12:1169-83. [PMID: 26257172 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous distal symmetric polyneuropathy. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) of 40 individuals from 37 unrelated families with CMT-like peripheral neuropathy refractory to molecular diagnosis identified apparent causal mutations in ∼ 45% (17/37) of families. Three candidate disease genes are proposed, supported by a combination of genetic and in vivo studies. Aggregate analysis of mutation data revealed a significantly increased number of rare variants across 58 neuropathy-associated genes in subjects versus controls, confirmed in a second ethnically discrete neuropathy cohort, suggesting that mutation burden potentially contributes to phenotypic variability. Neuropathy genes shown to have highly penetrant Mendelizing variants (HPMVs) and implicated by burden in families were shown to interact genetically in a zebrafish assay exacerbating the phenotype established by the suppression of single genes. Our findings suggest that the combinatorial effect of rare variants contributes to disease burden and variable expressivity.
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161
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Liao YC, Liu YT, Tsai PC, Chang CC, Huang YH, Soong BW, Lee YC. Two Novel De Novo GARS Mutations Cause Early-Onset Axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133423. [PMID: 26244500 PMCID: PMC4526224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in the GARS gene have been identified in a small number of patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) type 2D or distal spinal muscular atrophy type V, for whom disease onset typically occurs during adolescence or young adulthood, initially manifesting as weakness and atrophy of the hand muscles. The role of GARS mutations in patients with inherited neuropathies in Taiwan remains elusive. Methodology and Principal Findings Mutational analyses of the coding regions of GARS were performed using targeted sequencing of 54 patients with molecularly unassigned axonal CMT, who were selected from 340 unrelated CMT patients. Two heterozygous mutations in GARS, p.Asp146Tyr and p.Met238Arg, were identified; one in each patient. Both are novel de novo mutations. The p.Asp146Tyr mutation is associated with a severe infantile-onset neuropathy and the p.Met238Arg mutation results in childhood-onset disability. Conclusion GARS mutations are an uncommon cause of CMT in Taiwan. The p.Asp146Tyr and p.Met238Arg mutations are associated with early-onset axonal CMT. These findings broaden the mutational spectrum of GARS and also highlight the importance of considering GARS mutations as a disease cause in patients with early-onset neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chu Liao
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yo-Tsen Liu
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Chang
- Institute of BioMedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Institute of BioMedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Wen Soong
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chung Lee
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Shi CH, Song B, Luo HY, Mao CY, Shang DD, Cao Y, Sun SL, Wu J, Zhuang ZP, Xu YM. Recessive hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy caused by IGHMBP2 gene mutation. Neurology 2015; 85:383-4. [PMID: 26136520 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000001747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-He Shi
- From the Department of Neurology (C-h.S., B.S., H-y.L., C-y.M., D-d.S., Y.C., S-l.S., J.W., Y-m.X.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; and Surgical Neurology Branch (Z-p.Z.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD
| | - Bo Song
- From the Department of Neurology (C-h.S., B.S., H-y.L., C-y.M., D-d.S., Y.C., S-l.S., J.W., Y-m.X.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; and Surgical Neurology Branch (Z-p.Z.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD
| | - Hai-Yang Luo
- From the Department of Neurology (C-h.S., B.S., H-y.L., C-y.M., D-d.S., Y.C., S-l.S., J.W., Y-m.X.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; and Surgical Neurology Branch (Z-p.Z.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD
| | - Cheng-Yuan Mao
- From the Department of Neurology (C-h.S., B.S., H-y.L., C-y.M., D-d.S., Y.C., S-l.S., J.W., Y-m.X.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; and Surgical Neurology Branch (Z-p.Z.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD
| | - Dan-Dan Shang
- From the Department of Neurology (C-h.S., B.S., H-y.L., C-y.M., D-d.S., Y.C., S-l.S., J.W., Y-m.X.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; and Surgical Neurology Branch (Z-p.Z.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yuan Cao
- From the Department of Neurology (C-h.S., B.S., H-y.L., C-y.M., D-d.S., Y.C., S-l.S., J.W., Y-m.X.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; and Surgical Neurology Branch (Z-p.Z.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD
| | - Shi-Lei Sun
- From the Department of Neurology (C-h.S., B.S., H-y.L., C-y.M., D-d.S., Y.C., S-l.S., J.W., Y-m.X.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; and Surgical Neurology Branch (Z-p.Z.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jun Wu
- From the Department of Neurology (C-h.S., B.S., H-y.L., C-y.M., D-d.S., Y.C., S-l.S., J.W., Y-m.X.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; and Surgical Neurology Branch (Z-p.Z.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD
| | - Zheng-Ping Zhuang
- From the Department of Neurology (C-h.S., B.S., H-y.L., C-y.M., D-d.S., Y.C., S-l.S., J.W., Y-m.X.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; and Surgical Neurology Branch (Z-p.Z.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yu-Ming Xu
- From the Department of Neurology (C-h.S., B.S., H-y.L., C-y.M., D-d.S., Y.C., S-l.S., J.W., Y-m.X.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; and Surgical Neurology Branch (Z-p.Z.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD.
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163
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Boora GK, Kulkarni AA, Kanwar R, Beyerlein P, Qin R, Banck MS, Ruddy KJ, Pleticha J, Lynch CA, Behrens RJ, Züchner S, Loprinzi CL, Beutler AS. Association of the Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease gene ARHGEF10 with paclitaxel induced peripheral neuropathy in NCCTG N08CA (Alliance). J Neurol Sci 2015; 357:35-40. [PMID: 26143528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The predisposition of patients to develop polyneuropathy in response to toxic exposure may have a genetic basis. The previous study Alliance N08C1 found an association of the Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) gene ARHGEF10 with paclitaxel chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) related to the three non-synonymous, recurrent single nucleotide variants (SNV), whereby rs9657362 had the strongest effect, and rs2294039 and rs17683288 contributed only weakly. In the present report, Alliance N08CA was chosen to attempt to replicate the above finding. N08CA was chosen because it is the methodologically most similar study (to N08C1) performed in the CIPN field to date. N08CA enrolled patients receiving the neurotoxic chemotherapy agent paclitaxel. Polyneuropathy was assessed by serial repeat administration of the previously validated patient reported outcome instrument CIPN20. A study-wide, Rasch type model was used to perform extreme phenotyping in n=138 eligible patients from which "cases" and "controls" were selected for genetic analysis of SNV performed by TaqMan PCR. A significant association of ARHGEF10 with CIPN was found under the pre-specified primary endpoint, with a significance level of p=0.024. As in the original study, the strongest association of a single SNV was seen for rs9657362 (odds ratio=3.56, p=0.018). To further compare results across the new and the previous study, a statistical "classifier" was tested, which achieved a ROC area under the curve of 0.60 for N08CA and 0.66 for N08C1, demonstrating good agreement. Retesting of the primary endpoint of N08C1 in the replication study N08CA validated the association of ARHGEF10 with CIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rahul Kanwar
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Peter Beyerlein
- Department of Diagnostic Bioinformatics, Technische Hochschule Wildau, Wildau, Germany
| | - Rui Qin
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephan Züchner
- Department of Human Genetics and Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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164
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Griffin LB, Sakaguchi R, McGuigan D, Gonzalez MA, Searby C, Züchner S, Hou YM, Antonellis A. Impaired function is a common feature of neuropathy-associated glycyl-tRNA synthetase mutations. Hum Mutat 2015; 35:1363-71. [PMID: 25168514 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2D (CMT2D) is an autosomal-dominant axonal peripheral neuropathy characterized by impaired motor and sensory function in the distal extremities. Mutations in the glycyl-tRNA synthetase (GARS) gene cause CMT2D. GARS is a member of the ubiquitously expressed aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (ARS) family and is responsible for charging tRNA with glycine. To date, 13 GARS mutations have been identified in patients with CMT disease. While functional studies have revealed loss-of-function characteristics, only four GARS mutations have been rigorously studied. Here, we report the functional evaluation of nine CMT-associated GARS mutations in tRNA charging, yeast complementation, and subcellular localization assays. Our results demonstrate that impaired function is a common characteristic of CMT-associated GARS mutations. Additionally, one mutation previously associated with CMT disease (p.Ser581Leu) does not demonstrate impaired function, was identified in the general population, and failed to segregate with disease in two newly identified families with CMT disease. Thus, we propose that this variant is not a disease-causing mutation. Together, our data indicate that impaired function is a key component of GARS-mediated CMT disease and emphasize the need for careful genetic and functional evaluation before implicating a variant in disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie B Griffin
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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165
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Abstract
Heritable diseases of the peripheral nerves (Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease [CMT]) affect the motor units and sensory nerves, and they are among the most prevalent genetic conditions in the pediatric patient population. The typical clinical presentation includes distal muscle weakness and atrophy, but the severity and progression are largely variable. Improvements in supportive treatment have led to better preservation of patients' motor functions. More than 80 genes have been associated with CMT. These genetic discoveries, along with the developments of cellular and transgenic disease models, have allowed clinicians to better understand the disease mechanisms, which should lead to more specific treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Jani-Acsadi
- Department of Neurology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Sylvia Ounpuu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Kristan Pierz
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Center of Motion Analysis, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Gyula Acsadi
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neurology, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 505 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.
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166
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Pehlivan D, Akdemir ZC, Karaca E, Bayram Y, Jhangiani S, Yildiz E, Muzny D, Uluc K, Gibbs RA, Elcioglu N, Lupski JR, Harel T. Exome sequencing reveals homozygous TRIM2 mutation in a patient with early onset CMT and bilateral vocal cord paralysis. Hum Genet 2015; 134:671-3. [PMID: 25893792 PMCID: PMC4426057 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-015-1548-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is a heterogeneous group of inherited distal symmetric polyneuropathies associated with mutations in genes encoding components essential for normal functioning of the Schwann cell and axon. TRIM2, encoding a ligase that ubiquitinates the neurofilament light chain, was recently associated with early-onset neuropathy in a single patient. We report a TRIM2 homozygous missense mutation (c.2000A>C; p.D667A) in a patient with peripheral neuropathy and bilateral vocal cord paralysis, allowing for further delineation of the associated phenotypic spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davut Pehlivan
- Section of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Zeynep Coban Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ender Karaca
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Yavuz Bayram
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Shalini Jhangiani
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Edibe Yildiz
- Section of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Istanbul, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Donna Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Kayihan Uluc
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Richard A. Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Nursel Elcioglu
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - James R. Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Tamar Harel
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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167
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Watila MM, Balarabe SA. Molecular and clinical features of inherited neuropathies due to PMP22 duplication. J Neurol Sci 2015; 355:18-24. [PMID: 26076881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PMP22 is a transmembrane glycoprotein component of myelin, important for myelin functioning. Mutation of PMP22 gene which encodes for the production of PMP22 glycoprotein is associated with a variety of inherited neuropathies. This literature review sought to review the molecular mechanism and clinical features of inherited neuropathies caused by PMP22 duplication. PMP22 duplication causes CMT1A which accounts for more than half of all CMT cases and about 70% of CMT1 cases. It manifests with muscle weakness, depressed reflexes, impaired distal sensation, hand and foot deformities, slowing of NCV and onion bulbs. With no specific treatment available, it is managed conservatively. Future treatment may be based on the molecular genetics of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Watila
- Department of Medicine, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, PMB 1414 Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.
| | - S A Balarabe
- Department of Medicine, Usman DanFodio University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria
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168
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article focuses on recent advances in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, in particular additions to the genetic spectrum, novel paradigms in molecular techniques and an update on therapeutic strategies. RECENT FINDINGS Several new Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease-causing genes have been recently identified, further enlarging the genetic diversity and phenotypic variability, including: SBF1, DHTKD1, TFG, MARS, HARS, HINT1, TRIM1, AIFM1, PDK3 and GNB4. The increasing availability and affordability of next-generation sequencing technologies has ramped up gene discovery and drastically changed genetic screening strategies. All large-scale trials studying the effect of ascorbic acid in Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1A have now been completed and were negative. Efforts have been made to design more robust outcome-measures for clinical trials. Promising results with lonaprisan, curcumin and histone deacetylase 6 inhibitors have been obtained in animal models. SUMMARY Charcot-Marie-Tooth is the most common form of inherited peripheral neuropathy and represents the most prevalent hereditary neuromuscular disorder. The genetic spectrum spans more than 70 genes. Gene discovery has been revolutionized recently by new high-throughput molecular technologies. In addition, the phenotypic diversity has grown tremendously. This is a major challenge for geneticists and neurologists. No effective therapy is available for Charcot-Marie-Tooth. Several large trials with ascorbic acid were negative but research into novel compounds continues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Baets
- aNeurogenetics Group bPeripheral Neuropathy Group, VIB-Department of Molecular Genetics cLaboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge dDepartment of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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169
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Hung HA, Sun G, Keles S, Svaren J. Dynamic regulation of Schwann cell enhancers after peripheral nerve injury. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:6937-50. [PMID: 25614629 PMCID: PMC4358118 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.622878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelination of the peripheral nervous system is required for axonal function and long term stability. After peripheral nerve injury, Schwann cells transition from axon myelination to a demyelinated state that supports neuronal survival and ultimately remyelination of axons. Reprogramming of gene expression patterns during development and injury responses is shaped by the actions of distal regulatory elements that integrate the actions of multiple transcription factors. We used ChIP-seq to measure changes in histone H3K27 acetylation, a mark of active enhancers, to identify enhancers in myelinating rat peripheral nerve and their dynamics after demyelinating nerve injury. Analysis of injury-induced enhancers identified enriched motifs for c-Jun, a transcription factor required for Schwann cells to support nerve regeneration. We identify a c-Jun-bound enhancer in the gene for Runx2, a transcription factor induced after nerve injury, and we show that Runx2 is required for activation of other induced genes. In contrast, enhancers that lose H3K27ac after nerve injury are enriched for binding sites of the Sox10 and early growth response 2 (Egr2/Krox20) transcription factors, which are critical determinants of Schwann cell differentiation. Egr2 expression is lost after nerve injury, and many Egr2-binding sites lose H3K27ac after nerve injury. However, the majority of Egr2-bound enhancers retain H3K27ac, indicating that other transcription factors maintain active enhancer status after nerve injury. The global epigenomic changes in H3K27ac deposition pinpoint dynamic changes in enhancers that mediate the effects of transcription factors that control Schwann cell myelination and peripheral nervous system responses to nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly A Hung
- From the Waisman Center, Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, and
| | - Guannan Sun
- Departments of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics and
| | - Sunduz Keles
- Departments of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics and
| | - John Svaren
- From the Waisman Center, Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
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170
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Drew AP, Zhu D, Kidambi A, Ly C, Tey S, Brewer MH, Ahmad-Annuar A, Nicholson GA, Kennerson ML. Improved inherited peripheral neuropathy genetic diagnosis by whole-exome sequencing. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2015; 3:143-54. [PMID: 25802885 PMCID: PMC4367087 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited peripheral neuropathies (IPNs) are a group of related diseases primarily affecting the peripheral motor and sensory neurons. They include the hereditary sensory neuropathies (HSN), hereditary motor neuropathies (HMN), and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). Using whole-exome sequencing (WES) to achieve a genetic diagnosis is particularly suited to IPNs, where over 80 genes are involved with weak genotype–phenotype correlations beyond the most common genes. We performed WES for 110 index patients with IPN where the genetic cause was undetermined after previous screening for mutations in common genes selected by phenotype and mode of inheritance. We identified 41 missense sequence variants in the known IPN genes in our cohort of 110 index patients. Nine variants (8%), identified in the genes MFN2, GJB1, BSCL2, and SETX, are previously reported mutations and considered to be pathogenic in these families. Twelve novel variants (11%) in the genes NEFL, TRPV4, KIF1B, BICD2, and SETX are implicated in the disease but require further evidence of pathogenicity. The remaining 20 variants were confirmed as polymorphisms (not causing the disease) and are detailed here to help interpret sequence variants identified in other family studies. Validation using segregation, normal controls, and bioinformatics tools was valuable as supporting evidence for sequence variants implicated in disease. In addition, we identified one SETX sequence variant (c.7640T>C), previously reported as a putative mutation, which we have confirmed as a nonpathogenic rare polymorphism. This study highlights the advantage of using WES for genetic diagnosis in highly heterogeneous diseases such as IPNs and has been particularly powerful in this cohort where genetic diagnosis could not be achieved due to phenotype and mode of inheritance not being previously obvious. However, first tier testing for common genes in clinically well-defined cases remains important and will account for most positive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Drew
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute Sydney, Australia
| | - Danqing Zhu
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital Sydney, Australia
| | - Aditi Kidambi
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute Sydney, Australia
| | - Carolyn Ly
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute Sydney, Australia
| | - Shelisa Tey
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Megan H Brewer
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute Sydney, Australia ; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney Sydney, Australia
| | - Azlina Ahmad-Annuar
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Garth A Nicholson
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute Sydney, Australia ; Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital Sydney, Australia ; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney Sydney, Australia
| | - Marina L Kennerson
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute Sydney, Australia ; Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital Sydney, Australia ; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney Sydney, Australia
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171
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Copy number variations in a population-based study of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:960404. [PMID: 25648254 PMCID: PMC4306395 DOI: 10.1155/2015/960404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Copy number variations (CNVs) are important in relation to diversity and evolution but can sometimes cause disease. The most common genetic cause of the inherited peripheral neuropathy Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is the PMP22 duplication; otherwise, CNVs have been considered rare. We investigated CNVs in a population-based sample of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) families. The 81 CMT families had previously been screened for the PMP22 duplication and point mutations in 51 peripheral neuropathy genes, and a genetic cause was identified in 37 CMT families (46%). Index patients from the 44 CMT families with an unknown genetic diagnosis were analysed by whole-genome array comparative genomic hybridization to investigate the entire genome for larger CNVs and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification to detect smaller intragenomic CNVs in MFN2 and MPZ. One patient had the pathogenic PMP22 duplication not detected by previous methods. Three patients had potentially pathogenic CNVs in the CNTNAP2, LAMA2, or SEMA5A, that is, genes related to neuromuscular or neurodevelopmental disease. Genotype and phenotype correlation indicated likely pathogenicity for the LAMA2 CNV, whereas the CNTNAP2 and SEMA5A CNVs remained potentially pathogenic. Except the PMP22 duplication, disease causing CNVs are rare but may cause CMT in about 1% (95% CI 0–7%) of the Norwegian CMT families.
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172
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Manganelli F, Tozza S, Pisciotta C, Bellone E, Iodice R, Nolano M, Geroldi A, Capponi S, Mandich P, Santoro L. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: frequency of genetic subtypes in a Southern Italy population. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2014; 19:292-8. [PMID: 25429913 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to assess the genetic distribution of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease in Campania, a region of Southern Italy. We analyzed a cohort of 197 index cases and reported the type and frequency of mutations for the whole CMT population and for each electrophysiological group (CMT1, CMT2, and hereditary neuropathy with susceptibility to pressure palsies [HNPP]) and for familial and isolated CMT cases. Genetic diagnosis was achieved in 148 patients (75.1%) with a higher success rate in HNPP and CMT1 than CMT2. Only four genes (PMP22, GJB1, MPZ, and GDAP1) accounted for 92% of all genetically confirmed CMT cases. In CMT1, PMP22 duplication was the most common mutation while the second gene in order of frequency was MPZ in familial and SH3TC2 in isolated cases. In CMT2, GJB1 was the most frequent mutated gene and GJB1 with GDAP1 accounted for almost 3/4 of genetically defined CMT2 patients. The first gene in order of frequency was GJB1 in familial and GDAP1 in isolated cases. In HNPP, the majority of patients harbored the PMP22 gene deletion. The novelty of our data is the relatively high frequency of SH3TC2 and GDAP1 mutations in demyelinating and axonal forms, respectively. These epidemiological data can help in panel design for our patients' population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiore Manganelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
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173
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Cottenie E, Kochanski A, Jordanova A, Bansagi B, Zimon M, Horga A, Jaunmuktane Z, Saveri P, Rasic VM, Baets J, Bartsakoulia M, Ploski R, Teterycz P, Nikolic M, Quinlivan R, Laura M, Sweeney MG, Taroni F, Lunn MP, Moroni I, Gonzalez M, Hanna MG, Bettencourt C, Chabrol E, Franke A, von Au K, Schilhabel M, Kabzińska D, Hausmanowa-Petrusewicz I, Brandner S, Lim SC, Song H, Choi BO, Horvath R, Chung KW, Zuchner S, Pareyson D, Harms M, Reilly MM, Houlden H. Truncating and missense mutations in IGHMBP2 cause Charcot-Marie Tooth disease type 2. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 95:590-601. [PMID: 25439726 PMCID: PMC4225647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a combination of exome sequencing and linkage analysis, we investigated an English family with two affected siblings in their 40s with recessive Charcot-Marie Tooth disease type 2 (CMT2). Compound heterozygous mutations in the immunoglobulin-helicase-μ-binding protein 2 (IGHMBP2) gene were identified. Further sequencing revealed a total of 11 CMT2 families with recessively inherited IGHMBP2 gene mutations. IGHMBP2 mutations usually lead to spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 (SMARD1), where most infants die before 1 year of age. The individuals with CMT2 described here, have slowly progressive weakness, wasting and sensory loss, with an axonal neuropathy typical of CMT2, but no significant respiratory compromise. Segregating IGHMBP2 mutations in CMT2 were mainly loss-of-function nonsense in the 5' region of the gene in combination with a truncating frameshift, missense, or homozygous frameshift mutations in the last exon. Mutations in CMT2 were predicted to be less aggressive as compared to those in SMARD1, and fibroblast and lymphoblast studies indicate that the IGHMBP2 protein levels are significantly higher in CMT2 than SMARD1, but lower than controls, suggesting that the clinical phenotype differences are related to the IGHMBP2 protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Cottenie
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK; Department of Molecular Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Andrzej Kochanski
- Neuromuscular Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre of Biostructure, Medical University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Albena Jordanova
- VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen 2610, Belgium
| | - Boglarka Bansagi
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Magdalena Zimon
- VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen 2610, Belgium
| | - Alejandro Horga
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK; Department of Molecular Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Zane Jaunmuktane
- Division of Neuropathology and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Paola Saveri
- Clinic of Central and Peripheral Degenerative Neuropathies Unit, IRCCS Foundation, C. Besta Neurological Institute, Via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Vedrana Milic Rasic
- Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jonathan Baets
- VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen 2610, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen 2610, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Marina Bartsakoulia
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Rafal Ploski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre of Biostructure, Medical University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Teterycz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre of Biostructure, Medical University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Milos Nikolic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ros Quinlivan
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Matilde Laura
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK; Department of Molecular Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Mary G Sweeney
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery and UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Franco Taroni
- Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Disease IRCCS Foundation, C. Besta Neurological Institute, Via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Michael P Lunn
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Isabella Moroni
- Child Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation, C. Besta Neurological Institute, Via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Michael Gonzalez
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL 33136, USA
| | - Michael G Hanna
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK; Department of Molecular Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Conceicao Bettencourt
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Elodie Chabrol
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Andre Franke
- Christian-Albrechts-University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Katja von Au
- SPZ Pediatric Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Dagmara Kabzińska
- Neuromuscular Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre of Biostructure, Medical University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Irena Hausmanowa-Petrusewicz
- Neuromuscular Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre of Biostructure, Medical University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sebastian Brandner
- Division of Neuropathology and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Siew Choo Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673
| | - Haiwei Song
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673; Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Neurology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 137-710, Korea
| | - Rita Horvath
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Ki-Wha Chung
- Department of Biological Science, Kongju National University, Chungnam 134-701, Korea
| | - Stephan Zuchner
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL 33136, USA
| | - Davide Pareyson
- Clinic of Central and Peripheral Degenerative Neuropathies Unit, IRCCS Foundation, C. Besta Neurological Institute, Via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Matthew Harms
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mary M Reilly
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK; Department of Molecular Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK; Department of Molecular Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK; Neurogenetics Laboratory, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery and UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
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174
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Beutler AS, Kulkarni AA, Kanwar R, Klein CJ, Therneau TM, Qin R, Banck MS, Boora GK, Ruddy KJ, Wu Y, Smalley RL, Cunningham JM, Le-Lindqwister NA, Beyerlein P, Schroth GP, Windebank AJ, Züchner S, Loprinzi CL. Sequencing of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease genes in a toxic polyneuropathy. Ann Neurol 2014; 76:727-37. [PMID: 25164601 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mutations in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) genes are the cause of rare familial forms of polyneuropathy. Whether allelic variability in CMT genes is also associated with common forms of polyneuropathy-considered "acquired" in medical parlance-is unknown. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) occurs commonly in cancer patients and is individually unpredictable. We used CIPN as a clinical model to investigate the association of non-CMT polyneuropathy with CMT genes. METHODS A total of 269 neurologically asymptomatic cancer patients were enrolled in the clinical trial Alliance N08C1 to receive the neurotoxic drug paclitaxel, while undergoing prospective assessments for polyneuropathy. Forty-nine CMT genes were analyzed by targeted massively parallel sequencing of genomic DNA from patient blood. RESULTS A total of 119 (of 269) patients were identified from the 2 ends of the polyneuropathy phenotype distribution: patients that were most and least susceptible to paclitaxel polyneuropathy. The CMT gene PRX was found to be deleteriously mutated in patients who were susceptible to CIPN but not in controls (p = 8 × 10(-3)). Genetic variation in another CMT gene, ARHGEF10, was highly significantly associated with CIPN (p = 5 × 10(-4)). Three nonsynonymous recurrent single nucleotide variants contributed to the ARHGEF10 signal: rs9657362, rs2294039, and rs17683288. Of these, rs9657362 had the strongest effect (odds ratio = 4.8, p = 4 × 10(-4)). INTERPRETATION The results reveal an association of CMT gene allelic variability with susceptibility to CIPN. The findings raise the possibility that other acquired polyneuropathies may also be codetermined by genetic etiological factors, of which some may be related to genes already known to cause the phenotypically related Mendelian disorders of CMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas S Beutler
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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175
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Chen P, Cescon M, Bonaldo P. The Role of Collagens in Peripheral Nerve Myelination and Function. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:216-25. [PMID: 25143238 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8862-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the peripheral nervous system, myelin is formed by Schwann cells, which are surrounded by a basal lamina. Extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules in the basal lamina play an important role in regulating Schwann cell functions, including adhesion, survival, spreading, and myelination, as well as in supporting neurite outgrowth. Collagens are a major component of ECM molecules, which include 28 types that differ in structure and function. A growing body of evidence suggests that collagens are key components of peripheral nerves, where they not only provide a structural support but also affect cell behavior by triggering intracellular signals. In this review, we will summarize the main properties of collagen family, discuss the role of extensively studied collagen types (collagens IV, V, VI, and XV) in Schwann cell function and myelination, and provide a detailed overview of the recent advances with respect to these collagens in peripheral nerve function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwen Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy,
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176
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DiVincenzo C, Elzinga CD, Medeiros AC, Karbassi I, Jones JR, Evans MC, Braastad CD, Bishop CM, Jaremko M, Wang Z, Liaquat K, Hoffman CA, York MD, Batish SD, Lupski JR, Higgins JJ. The allelic spectrum of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease in over 17,000 individuals with neuropathy. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2014; 2:522-9. [PMID: 25614874 PMCID: PMC4303222 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the frequency, positive rate, and type of mutations in 14 genes (PMP22, GJB1, MPZ, MFN2, SH3TC2, GDAP1, NEFL, LITAF, GARS, HSPB1, FIG4, EGR2, PRX, and RAB7A) associated with Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT) in a cohort of 17,880 individuals referred to a commercial genetic testing laboratory. Deidentified results from sequencing assays and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) were analyzed including 100,102 Sanger sequencing, 2338 next-generation sequencing (NGS), and 21,990 MLPA assays. Genetic abnormalities were identified in 18.5% (n = 3312) of all individuals. Testing by Sanger and MLPA (n = 3216) showed that duplications (dup) (56.7%) or deletions (del) (21.9%) in the PMP22 gene accounted for the majority of positive findings followed by mutations in the GJB1 (6.7%), MPZ (5.3%), and MFN2 (4.3%) genes. GJB1 del and mutations in the remaining genes explained 5.3% of the abnormalities. Pathogenic mutations were distributed as follows: missense (70.6%), nonsense (14.3%), frameshift (8.7%), splicing (3.3%), in-frame deletions/insertions (1.8%), initiator methionine mutations (0.8%), and nonstop changes (0.5%). Mutation frequencies, positive rates, and the types of mutations were similar between tests performed by either Sanger (n = 17,377) or NGS (n = 503). Among patients with a positive genetic finding in a CMT-related gene, 94.9% were positive in one of four genes (PMP22, GJB1, MPZ, or MFN2).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adam C Medeiros
- Quest Diagnostics, Athena Diagnostics Marlborough, Massachusetts
| | - Izabela Karbassi
- Quest Diagnostics, Athena Diagnostics Marlborough, Massachusetts
| | - Jeremiah R Jones
- Quest Diagnostics, Athena Diagnostics Marlborough, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew C Evans
- Quest Diagnostics, Athena Diagnostics Marlborough, Massachusetts
| | - Corey D Braastad
- Quest Diagnostics, Athena Diagnostics Marlborough, Massachusetts
| | - Crystal M Bishop
- Quest Diagnostics, Athena Diagnostics Marlborough, Massachusetts
| | | | - Zhenyuan Wang
- Quest Diagnostics, Athena Diagnostics Marlborough, Massachusetts
| | - Khalida Liaquat
- Quest Diagnostics, Athena Diagnostics Marlborough, Massachusetts
| | - Carol A Hoffman
- Quest Diagnostics, Athena Diagnostics Marlborough, Massachusetts
| | - Michelle D York
- Quest Diagnostics, Athena Diagnostics Marlborough, Massachusetts
| | - Sat D Batish
- Quest Diagnostics, Athena Diagnostics Marlborough, Massachusetts
| | - James R Lupski
- Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics and Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, Texas
| | - Joseph J Higgins
- Quest Diagnostics, Athena Diagnostics Marlborough, Massachusetts
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177
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Gonzalez MA, Feely SM, Speziani F, Strickland AV, Danzi M, Bacon C, Lee Y, Chou TF, Blanton SH, Weihl CC, Zuchner S, Shy ME. A novel mutation in VCP causes Charcot-Marie-Tooth Type 2 disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 137:2897-902. [PMID: 25125609 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in VCP have been reported to account for a spectrum of phenotypes that include inclusion body myopathy with Paget's disease of the bone and frontotemporal dementia, hereditary spastic paraplegia, and 1-2% of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We identified a novel VCP mutation (p.Glu185Lys) segregating in an autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 family. Functional studies showed that the Glu185Lys variant impaired autophagic function leading to the accumulation of immature autophagosomes. VCP mutations should thus be considered for genetically undefined Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Gonzalez
- 1 Dr John T Macdonald Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Shawna M Feely
- 2 Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Fiorella Speziani
- 1 Dr John T Macdonald Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Alleene V Strickland
- 1 Dr John T Macdonald Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Matt Danzi
- 1 Dr John T Macdonald Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Chelsea Bacon
- 2 Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Youjin Lee
- 3 Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tsui-Fen Chou
- 4 Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Centre and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Susan H Blanton
- 1 Dr John T Macdonald Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Conrad C Weihl
- 3 Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Stephan Zuchner
- 1 Dr John T Macdonald Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Michael E Shy
- 2 Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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178
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Abbott JA, Francklyn CS, Robey-Bond SM. Transfer RNA and human disease. Front Genet 2014; 5:158. [PMID: 24917879 PMCID: PMC4042891 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological mutations in tRNA genes and tRNA processing enzymes are numerous and result in very complicated clinical phenotypes. Mitochondrial tRNA (mt-tRNA) genes are “hotspots” for pathological mutations and over 200 mt-tRNA mutations have been linked to various disease states. Often these mutations prevent tRNA aminoacylation. Disrupting this primary function affects protein synthesis and the expression, folding, and function of oxidative phosphorylation enzymes. Mitochondrial tRNA mutations manifest in a wide panoply of diseases related to cellular energetics, including COX deficiency (cytochrome C oxidase), mitochondrial myopathy, MERRF (Myoclonic Epilepsy with Ragged Red Fibers), and MELAS (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes). Diseases caused by mt-tRNA mutations can also affect very specific tissue types, as in the case of neurosensory non-syndromic hearing loss and pigmentary retinopathy, diabetes mellitus, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Importantly, mitochondrial heteroplasmy plays a role in disease severity and age of onset as well. Not surprisingly, mutations in enzymes that modify cytoplasmic and mitochondrial tRNAs are also linked to a diverse range of clinical phenotypes. In addition to compromised aminoacylation of the tRNAs, mutated modifying enzymes can also impact tRNA expression and abundance, tRNA modifications, tRNA folding, and even tRNA maturation (e.g., splicing). Some of these pathological mutations in tRNAs and processing enzymes are likely to affect non-canonical tRNA functions, and contribute to the diseases without significantly impacting on translation. This chapter will review recent literature on the relation of mitochondrial and cytoplasmic tRNA, and enzymes that process tRNAs, to human disease. We explore the mechanisms involved in the clinical presentation of these various diseases with an emphasis on neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A Abbott
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Vermont Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Susan M Robey-Bond
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Vermont Burlington, VT, USA
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179
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van Paassen BW, van der Kooi AJ, van Spaendonck-Zwarts KY, Verhamme C, Baas F, de Visser M. PMP22 related neuropathies: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A and Hereditary Neuropathy with liability to Pressure Palsies. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014; 9:38. [PMID: 24646194 PMCID: PMC3994927 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-9-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PMP22 related neuropathies comprise (1) PMP22 duplications leading to Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A), (2) PMP22 deletions, leading to Hereditary Neuropathy with liability to Pressure Palsies (HNPP), and (3) PMP22 point mutations, causing both phenotypes. Overall prevalence of CMT is usually reported as 1:2,500, epidemiological studies show that 20-64% of CMT patients carry the PMP22 duplication. The prevalence of HNPP is not well known. CMT1A usually presents in the first two decades with difficulty walking or running. Distal symmetrical muscle weakness and wasting and sensory loss is present, legs more frequently and more severely affected than arms. HNPP typically leads to episodic, painless, recurrent, focal motor and sensory peripheral neuropathy, preceded by minor compression on the affected nerve. Electrophysiological evaluation is needed to determine whether the polyneuropathy is demyelinating. Sonography of the nerves can be useful. Diagnosis is confirmed by finding respectively a PMP22 duplication, deletion or point mutation. Differential diagnosis includes other inherited neuropathies, and acquired polyneuropathies. The mode of inheritance is autosomal dominant and de novo mutations occur. Offspring of patients have a chance of 50% to inherit the mutation from their affected parent. Prenatal testing is possible; requests for prenatal testing are not common. Treatment is currently symptomatic and may include management by a rehabilitation physician, physiotherapist, occupational therapist and orthopaedic surgeon. Adult CMT1A patients show slow clinical progression of disease, which seems to reflect a process of normal ageing. Life expectancy is normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara W van Paassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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