151
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Monterrosa-Blanco A, Monterrosa-Castro Á, González-Sequeda A. Online assessment of the perception of loneliness and associated factors in Colombian climacteric women during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Health Promot Perspect 2021; 11:230-239. [PMID: 34195047 PMCID: PMC8233672 DOI: 10.34172/hpp.2021.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has generated changes due to confinement, this measure can increase the perception of loneliness. The objective was to estimate the frequencies of emotional, social and general loneliness and their association with fear and anxiety with COVID-19, religiosity and severe deterioration of quality of life in middle-aged women. Methods: A cross-sectional study in Colombian women (40-59 y, n=984) surveyed with an electronic form that included sociodemographic characteristics and validated measures (Menopause Rating Scale, de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, fear of COVID-19 scale, Coronavirus Anxiety Scale and Francis Scale for Religiosity). Associations of emotional, social and general loneliness (dependent variables) with severe somatic, psychological, urogenital and quality of life deterioration, as well as with high religiosity, anxiety and high fear of COVID-19 (independent variables), were estimated. Results: The median age was 47 years old, and 39.2% [95% CI: 36.2-42.3] postmenopausal. Severe deterioration in somatic, psychological, urogenital domains and quality of life in women with emotional, social and general loneliness was found (P <0.001). In adjusted models, high fear of COVID-19, severe deterioration of psychological and urogenital domains and quality of life were associated with emotional, social and general loneliness. Anxiety with COVID-19, somatic domain and high religiosity were not associated with loneliness. Conclusion: Emotional, social and general loneliness were identified in 4/10 middle-aged Colombian women surveyed, and the associated factors were high fear of COVID-19, severe deterioration of quality of life and psychological and urogenital domains. Professionals who care for climacteric women should explore the perception of loneliness when assessing menopausal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Monterrosa-Blanco
- Health Sciences University Foundation (FUCS), Women's Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Álvaro Monterrosa-Castro
- Research Department, Women's Health Research Group. Faculty of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Andrea González-Sequeda
- Women's Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
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152
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Li J, Huang C, Yuan B, Liang H. The Impact of Stigmatization on Social Avoidance and Fear of Disclosure among Older People: Implications for Social Policy Preparedness in a Public Health Crisis. J Aging Soc Policy 2021; 33:342-358. [PMID: 33985419 DOI: 10.1080/08959420.2021.1924343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether older people with epicenter travel experiences in the event of the novel coronavirus disease epidemic suffered from stigmatization, which in turn affected subsequent behavior, including fear of disclosure and social avoidance. A three-wave survey was conducted using a time-lagged design of older people who had travel experiences in Hubei, China on the eve of the outbreak. Results reveal positive associations between stigmatization and stress, social avoidance, and fear of disclosure, in addition to positive associations between stress and social avoidance and fear of disclosure. Findings thus suggest that the effects of stigmatization on social avoidance and fear of disclosure is mediated, in part, by stress. De-stigmatization and psychological supports should be prioritized for epidemic prevention and control among older people in quarantine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Li
- Research associate professor, Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Chulan Huang
- Undergraduate, School of Tourism Management, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bocong Yuan
- Associate professor, School of Tourism Management, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haixuan Liang
- Undergraduate, School of Tourism Management, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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153
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O'Connor AA, Worthington AK. A Pilot Study on the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Physical Activity and Well-Being of United States Military Veterans in Alaska. JOURNAL OF VETERANS STUDIES 2021. [DOI: 10.21061/jvs.v7i1.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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154
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Cloete A, North A, Ramlagan S, Schmidt T, Makola L, Chikovore J, Skinner D, Reddy SP. "… It is like it has come up and stole our lives from us" The first 21 days: A rapid qualitative assessment of how different sectors of society experienced the COVID-19 lockdown in South Africa. SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES OPEN 2021; 4:100167. [PMID: 34927060 PMCID: PMC8665353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssaho.2021.100167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We examined how different sectors of society experienced the first 21 days of the stay-at-home lockdown following the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in South Africa. This rapid qualitative assessment was conducted remotely with 60 key and community informants from different socio-cultural and economic backgrounds in Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal and the Western Cape provinces of South Africa. Atlas.ti.8 was used to facilitate qualitative data analysis. Data revealed how the lockdown exacerbated social inequalities for the poor and marginalised. Fear of infection, and food and income insecurity were common concerns mentioned in key and community informant interviews. Despite the social and economic distress, the data also point to a narrative of social responsibility, resilience and social cohesion. The social responsibility and cohesion demonstrated by South African communities should be drawn upon to invoke community resilience, even in the absence of physical proximity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allanise Cloete
- Human and Social Capabilities Division, Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC), South Africa
| | - Alicia North
- Human and Social Capabilities Division, Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC), South Africa
| | - Shandir Ramlagan
- Human and Social Capabilities Division, Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC), South Africa
| | - Tenielle Schmidt
- Human and Social Capabilities Division, Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC), South Africa
| | | | - Jeremiah Chikovore
- Human and Social Capabilities Division, Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC), South Africa
| | - Donald Skinner
- Human and Social Capabilities Division, Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC), South Africa
| | - Sasiragha Priscilla Reddy
- Human and Social Capabilities Division, Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC), South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Nelson Mandela University (NMU), South Africa
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155
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Yuan Y, Zhao YJ, Zhang QE, Zhang L, Cheung T, Jackson T, Jiang GQ, Xiang YT. COVID-19-related stigma and its sociodemographic correlates: a comparative study. Global Health 2021; 17:54. [PMID: 33962651 PMCID: PMC8103123 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-021-00705-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is closely associated with physical and mental health problems; however, little is known about the severity of stigma caused by COVID-19 among its survivors. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare differences in stigma experiences of COVID-19 survivors versus healthy controls after the COVID-19 outbreak peak in China. METHODS This cross-sectional study comprised 154 COVID-19 survivors and 194 healthy controls recruited through consecutive and convenience sampling methods, respectively. COVID-19 related stigma was measured by the Social Impact Scale (SIS). Stigma differences between the two groups were compared with analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and a generalized linear model (GLM) was used to identify independent correlates of COVID-19-related stigma in this study. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, COVID-19 survivors reported more overall stigma (F(1,347) = 60.82, p < 0.001), and stigma in domains of social rejection (F(1,347) = 56.54, p < 0.001), financial insecurity (F(1,347) = 19.96, p < 0.001), internalized shame (F(1,347) = 71.40, p < 0.001) and social isolation (F(1,347) = 34.73, p < 0.001). Status as a COVID-19 survivor, having family members infected with COVID-19, being married, economic loss during the COVID-19 pandemic, and depressive symptoms were positively associated with higher overall stigma levels (all p values < 0.05). CONCLUSION COVID-19-related stigma is commonly experienced among COVID-19 survivors even though the outbreak has been well-contained in China. Routine assessment of stigma experiences should be conducted on COVID-19 survivors and appropriate psychological assistance, public education, and anti-stigma campaigns and policies should be enforced to reduce stigma within this vulnerable subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-Jie Zhao
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Qing-E Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, School of Mental Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, School of Mental Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Todd Jackson
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | | | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
- Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
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156
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Moreta-Herrera R, López-Calle C, Caycho-Rodríguez T, Cabezas Guerra C, Gallegos M, Cervigni M, Martino P, Barés I, Calandra M. Is it possible to find a bifactor structure in the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S)? Psychometric evidence in an Ecuadorian sample. DEATH STUDIES 2021; 46:2226-2236. [PMID: 33945438 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2021.1914240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the construct validity based on the internal structure, the relationship with other variables, and the internal consistency among items of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) in a sample of 743 Ecuadorians. The findings confirm the presence of a bifactor structure, which includes a general factor and two specific factors: one emotional and the other physiological. The general factor, and the specific factors presented adequate levels of internal consistency. Finally, the FCV-19S showed a highly significant relationship with GAD-7 at the latent level. The scale has adequate psychometric properties for its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Moreta-Herrera
- School of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Ambato, Ecuador
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | | | | | | | - Miguel Gallegos
- Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Mauricio Cervigni
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Rosario, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias de Rosario, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Cognición y Emoción, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Pablo Martino
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias de Rosario, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Cognición y Emoción, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Barés
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias de Rosario, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Cognición y Emoción, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Manuel Calandra
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias de Rosario, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
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157
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Caycho-Rodríguez T, Ventura-León J, Barboza-Palomino M. Design and validation of a scale to measure worry for contagion of the COVID-19 (PRE-COVID-19). ENFERMERÍA CLÍNICA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2021. [PMID: 33323307 PMCID: PMC7951881 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcle.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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158
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Caycho-Rodríguez T, Ventura-León J, Barboza-Palomino M. [Design and validation of a scale to measure worry for contagion of the COVID-19 (PRE-COVID-19)]. ENFERMERIA CLINICA 2021; 31:175-183. [PMID: 38620588 PMCID: PMC7832364 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective The increase in COVID-19 cases is generating fear and concern in society, which generates an emotional response that influences the adoption of health-related behaviors. The objective of the study is to design and validate the Scale of Worry for Contagion of COVID-19 (PRE-COVID-19). Method The study had a descriptive cross-sectional design. The population were young people and adults who resided in the cities of Lima and Callao (Perú) during the declaration of the national health emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic, during the period from March 16 to 27, 2020, who were recruited through a non-probability sample. The PRE-COVID-19, the WHO-Five Well-Being Index, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-2 and a single item were applied to measure the general perception of health. The scales were shared using a Google form through social networks. An internal consistency reliability analysis and structural equation models were performed, specifically confirmatory factor analysis. The recommendations of the Declaration of Helsinki and the principles that guide the ethical practice of online studies were followed. Results Eight hundred and sixteen young people and adults from Lima and Callao (200 men and 616 women; mean age 28.40, SD 7.10) participated. The results show a one-dimensional model with satisfactory goodness-of-fit indices: χ2 (9) = 52.00; CFI = 0.99; RMSEA = 0.09 [0.07, 0.12]; WRMR = 0.85. The λ of the model were higher than 0.50 and the reliability had an excellent value (ω = 0.90). Likewise, the convergent and discriminant validity is evident between PRE-COVID-19 and measures of anxiety, well-being and self-reported health. Conclusion The results indicate that the PRE-COVID-19 is a valid and reliable instrument to measure concern about the spread of COVID-19 and the emotional impact on people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Ventura-León
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, Perú
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159
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Pilch I, Kurasz Z, Turska-Kawa A. Experiencing fear during the pandemic: validation of the fear of COVID-19 scale in Polish. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11263. [PMID: 33981502 PMCID: PMC8083179 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) is a brief self-report measure developed at the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic. The scale evaluates the emotional responses to COVID-19. To date, the FCV-19S has been translated and validated in about 20 languages and has been used in many published research. The current study aimed to validate the Polish version of the FCV-19S. METHOD The FCV-19S was translated into Polish using forward- and back-translation. From May 15th to June 15th 2020, a total of 708 community members (Sample 1: 383 persons, 209 females, Sample 2: 325 persons, 198 females) participated in the online study. The participants were recruited using online advertisements in social media. Participation was anonymous, voluntary, and without compensation. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test the one-factor structure of the FCV-19S. Then, measurement invariance was analyzed across samples, gender and age groups. To assess the validity of the scale, correlations between the FCV-19S and the remaining scales were computed. RESULTS Internal consistency of the FCV-19S was good in both samples (Cronbach's alpha 0.89 and 0.85). The CFA showed that the one-factor model fits the data well (RMSEA = 0.067, 90% CI [0.059-0.094], CFI = 0.977, TLI = 0.965, GFI = 0.986). The criteria for configural, metric, scalar and strict invariance were met for all models tested. The FCV-19S scores correlated significantly with age, subjective vulnerability to the disease, neuroticism, self-reported compliance with the pandemic measures, and three kinds of preventive behavior (i.e., social distancing, hand hygiene, and disinfecting things). CONCLUSION The Polish version of the FCV-19S had a unidimensional structure, good reliability, and correlated as predicted with other variables. With the FCV-19S and the obtained results, healthcare professionals, researchers, and the government can gain more valuable information about people who may be at risk for negative psychological outcomes during the pandemic or who are not implementing protective behavior. The tool can be used in hospitals to quickly screen the level of fear in patients and minimize its severe adverse consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Pilch
- Institute of Psychology, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Zofia Kurasz
- Institute of Psychology, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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160
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Stigmatic Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Head & Neck Cancers Survivors. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 74:2912-2916. [PMID: 33907679 PMCID: PMC8061151 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-021-02545-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Social stigma is the spoilation of the social image of an individual, which leads to the social disapproval of the individual by the community. Patients of many diseases like HIV, deafness, and reproductive disorders often face social disproval. Head & neck cancer survivors perceived stigma due to the mutilation that occurred after surgical treatment procedures. The novel coronavirus is a recently emerged zoonotic viral agent that affects the respiratory system of humans. Following its outbreak from the Wuhan city of China, the COVID-19 spreaded fiercely around the globe, forming a pandemic. Since COVID-19 is a contagious disease with no available treatment, social distancing is considered as the best strategy to prevent the geometric spread of infection. With the social distancing model, the head & neck cancer survivors along with the various other stakeholders perceived stigma being a high-risk group for COVID-19 infection. As the pool of caregivers is diminished due to pandemic, head & neck cancer survivors face increased social isolation and perceived stigma in asking for help from relatives. At the time of the pandemic, social support is critical to fighting against the disease. Social distancing should be maintained along with communication with the patients through calls, text, and online social platforms. It is not wise to stigmatize disease as, in that case, patients who are infected with the disease will try to hide it and avoid seeking medical care. With the promotion of social distancing, it is crucial to convey awareness regarding not to stigmatize the disease.
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161
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Chen CY, Chen IH, Pakpour AH, Lin CY, Griffiths MD. Internet-Related Behaviors and Psychological Distress Among Schoolchildren During the COVID-19 School Hiatus. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2021; 24:654-663. [PMID: 33877905 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2020.0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the mediating roles of problematic gaming, problematic social media use, and problematic smartphone use in the associations between psychological distress and screen time use among primary school children during the school hiatus due to the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Students (n = 2,026; mean [standard deviation] age = 10.71 years [1.07]; 1,011 [49.9 percent] girls) in Sichuan, China completed a cross-sectional online survey, and this study was approved by the ethics committee of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (IRB ref: HSEARS20190718001). The Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form, Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, and Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale were used to assess problematic gaming, social media use, and smartphone use. The Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21 was used to assess distress, and an item rated on a 0-10 scale was included to assess fear of being infected by COVID-19. Fear of being infected by COVID-19 was assessed because this could be a confounding variable in the association between psychological distress and screen time use. Increased time spent on gaming, social media, and smartphones was associated with greater problematic gaming, problematic social media use, problematic smartphone use, and psychological distress, but was not associated with fear of COVID-19 infection. Mediation analyses showed that problematic gaming, problematic social media use, and problematic smartphone use were significant mediators in the association between psychological distress and increased time spent on Internet-related activities during the COVID-19 outbreak period. Children who had psychological distress during COVID-19 outbreak might have spent longer time on Internet-related activities due to the school hiatus and problematic use of Internet-related activities. Parents/caregivers are recommended to monitor their children's use of Internet while encouraging children to engage in positive activities to ease the concern of negative psychological responses during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ying Chen
- School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - I-Hua Chen
- College of Education Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Applied Cognition & Personality, Fujian, China.,International College, Krirk University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Amir H Pakpour
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.,Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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162
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Ashraf F, Zareen G, Nusrat A, Arif A, Griffiths MD. Correlates of Psychological Distress Among Pakistani Adults During the COVID-19 Outbreak: Parallel and Serial Mediation Analyses. Front Psychol 2021; 12:647821. [PMID: 33868122 PMCID: PMC8044417 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.647821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The global outbreak of COVID-19 has greatly affected individual's lives around the world and resulted in various negative psychological consequences. During the pandemic, reflection on and attention to COVID-19 may help in dealing with its symptomology but frequent and persistent thoughts about the situation can be unhealthy. The present study examined the direct and indirect associations between obsession concerning COVID-19, psychological distress, life satisfaction, and meaning in life. Design: This mediation study presents a primary analysis of normative data collected after the initial outbreak of COVID-19 in Pakistan. Parametric bootstrapping was used to test the mediation models of subjective well-being, the extent of the effect, and meaning in life as parallel and serial mediators concerning the associations between COVID-19 obsession and psychological distress measures. Setting: A sample of 1,002 adults (45% men and 55% women) were recruited utilizing an online survey between April to May 2020. They were aged between 19 and 45 years (M = 24.30, SD = 7.29) and normalized on population characteristics. Results: Two out of three mediators in parallel mediation fully mediated the relationship between obsession and psychological distress (total effect = 0.443, SE = 0.050, p < 0.0001) illustrating that high-level obsessions were associated with low levels of satisfaction with life and presence of meaning in life and search for meaning in life. Psychological distress is likely to decrease in the presence of a high level of satisfaction with life and meaning. Moreover, satisfaction with life and search for meaning in life significantly mediated the association between COVID-19 obsession (z=-3.507, p < 0.0001 and z = −2.632, p < 0.001 respectively). Conclusion: The present study showed that life satisfaction and search for meaning in life may play a significant role in decreasing psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Ashraf
- Department of Humanities, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Gull Zareen
- Special Education Department, Government of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.,Laboratory of Psychology and Neurocognition, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Aasia Nusrat
- Department of Humanities, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amna Arif
- Department of Education, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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163
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Greenblatt-Kimron L, Ring L, Hoffman Y, Shrira A, Bodner E, Palgi Y. Subjective accelerated aging moderates the association between COVID-19 health worries and peritraumatic distress among older adults. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2021; 8:e16. [PMID: 34192002 PMCID: PMC8082123 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2021.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study examined whether subjective accelerated aging moderated the relationship between COVID-19 health worries and COVID-19 peritraumatic distress among older adults. METHOD The sample consisted of 277 older adults (M = 69.58, s.d. = 6.73, range 60-92) who answered an online questionnaire during the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic in Israel. Participants completed the measures of background characteristics, exposure to COVID-19, COVID-19 health worries, subjective accelerated aging and COVID-19-based peritraumatic distress. RESULTS Higher levels of COVID-19 health worries were correlated with higher levels of peritraumatic distress symptoms among older adults. Moreover, those reporting accelerated aging also reported a higher level of peritraumatic distress. Finally, the interaction between COVID-19 health worries and subjective accelerated aging predicted peritraumatic distress, suggesting that COVID-19 worries were associated with peritraumatic distress to a stronger degree among older adults who felt they were aging faster. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that negative views of aging may serve as an amplifying factor for traumatic distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although preliminary, the findings provide insight for potential screening and interventions of older adults at risk of developing peritraumatic distress symptoms during the global pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lia Ring
- Department of Gerontology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yaakov Hoffman
- Interdisciplinary Department of Social Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Amit Shrira
- Interdisciplinary Department of Social Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ehud Bodner
- Interdisciplinary Department of Social Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Yuval Palgi
- Department of Gerontology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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164
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What Have We Learned about the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Consumer Behavior? SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13084304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: This study aims to examine how behavioral variables interact with and stimulate purchasing decisions and influence the process of purchasing healthy foods during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Principal component analysis was carried out on a sample of 100 consumers of healthy foods in Saudi Arabia, and this made it possible to adapt the items to the context of the study. Exploratory and confirmatory analysis with 360 people was carried out. Confirmatory factor analysis provided reliable and valid scales, and multivariate analysis using structural equations and binary logistic regressions made it possible to validate the hypotheses. Results: The intention to buy increased among consumers of healthy foods. Women were more anxious about the COVID-19 pandemic than men, and they took considerable precautions to avoid contamination. The fear of COVID-19 was also more intense among the elderly population than younger people. The respondents indicated reduced visits to shops, restaurants, and markets. Gender and age moderated the relationship between the fear of COVID-19 and purchasing intention. Consumption risk also negatively affected purchasing intention. However, buying experiences and intention to buy led to increased purchases of healthy foods compared to other goods.
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165
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Abdulkareem AA, Abdulbaqi HR, Alshami ML, Al-Rawi NH. Oral health awareness, attitude towards dental treatment, fear of infection and economic impact during COVID-19 pandemic in the Middle East. Int J Dent Hyg 2021; 19:295-304. [PMID: 33797867 PMCID: PMC8250837 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To assess the impact of COVID‐19 on oral hygiene (OH) awareness, attitude towards dental treatment, fear of infection and economic impact in the Middle East. Methods This survey was performed by online distribution of questionnaires in three countries in the Middle East (Jordan, Iraq and Egypt). The questionnaire consisted of five sections: the first section was aimed at collecting demographic data and the rest sections used to assess OH awareness, attitude towards dental treatment, degree of fear and economic impact of COVID‐19. The answers were either multiple choice, closed‐end (Yes or No) or 5‐point Likert scale for the last four sections. Results A total of 3782 respondents completed the questionnaire. Overall, OH awareness was low (mean ±SD; 1.84 ± 1.03), while attitude towards dental treatment (5.04 ± 1.68) and economic impact (11.29 ± 4.37) were moderately affected. In addition, fear of infection showed moderately high level (14.04 ± 4.11). All subgroups of the demographic variables showed significant differences among them in relation to OH awareness and attitude towards dental treatment. The regression model suggested country, gender, age, education level, income level and fear as predictors for OH awareness (R2 0.036) and attitude towards dental care (R2 0.141). Conclusions The pandemic negatively impacted the level of OH awareness. However, the attitude towards dental treatment was moderately affected. Increasing public fear and compromised economy influenced OH awareness and the attitude towards dental treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Abdulkareem
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hayder R Abdulbaqi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Natheer H Al-Rawi
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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166
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Suhail A, Dar KA, Iqbal N. COVID-19 related fear and mental health in Indian sample: The buffering effect of support system. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 41:480-491. [PMID: 33840986 PMCID: PMC8020824 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01694-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The scientific world witnessed a surge of researches, from all corners of the world, regarding the humanitarian crisis precipitated by COVID-19 pandemic, more specifically its impact on people's mental health. However, researchers exploring the association between COVID-19 related fear and mental health are yet to understand the conditions through which potential benefits may occur. Many factors could buffer the effects of COVID-19 related fear on mental health; support system is probably the predominant one. Thus, the present study examined the moderating effects of support system in the association between COVID-19 related fear and mental health outcomes - somatic symptoms, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and depression. Using a web-based cross-sectional survey, we collected data from 163 volunteers assessed with demographic information, COVID-19 related fear, support system, and mental health outcomes. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis and simple effect tests revealed that high levels of support from family, friends, and significant others might buffer/lessen the psychological sequelae (e.g., somatic symptoms, anxiety, and depression during public health emergencies, such as COVID-19 pandemic. Given the potential for negative mental health outcomes following pandemics, such as COVID-19, efforts to enhance peoples' support system may be especially important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Suhail
- Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Kaiser Ahmad Dar
- Department of Psychology, Government Degree College Baramull, Baramulla, Jammu and Kashmir 193103 India
| | - Naved Iqbal
- Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025 India
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167
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Seong M, Lee M, Kim I, Kang M. Validation of the Korean Version of the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (K-C19PS). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073747. [PMID: 33916718 PMCID: PMC8038414 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of a Korean version of the 20-item COVID-19 phobia tool, which was developed through a translation-reverse translation process. These data were collected from 226 persons using a self-reported questionnaire. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to test construct validity. Finally, for 19 out of 20 items, the item-level convergence and differential validity were confirmed. In addition, the reliability and validity of the tool as a whole has been verified. For the subscales, Cronbach’s α was 0.90 for psychological, 0.87 for psychosomatic, 0.86 for economic, and 0.87 for social. Appropriate reliability was confirmed. Correlations between the COVID-19 phobia tool and fear of COVID-19 confirmed validity. The Korean version of the COVID-19 phobia tool is an appropriate scale for measuring the fear of COVID-19 and relevant psychological characteristics. Therefore, future studies in areas such as health and nursing could use this tool as required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihyeon Seong
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (M.K.); Tel.: +82-55-250-3165 (M.S.); +82-55-250-3177 (M.K.); Fax: +82-250-3185 (M.S.)
| | | | | | - Miran Kang
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (M.K.); Tel.: +82-55-250-3165 (M.S.); +82-55-250-3177 (M.K.); Fax: +82-250-3185 (M.S.)
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168
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Hwang KS, Choi HJ, Yang CM, Hong J, Lee HJ, Park MC, Jang SH, Lee SY. The Korean Version of Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Psychometric Validation in the Korean Population. Psychiatry Investig 2021; 18:332-339. [PMID: 33849243 PMCID: PMC8103023 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2020.0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has psychological effects such as anxiety and depression as well as direct infection in people. The Fear of COVID-19 scale is a scale that can measure anxiety related to COVID-19 in a short time. The purpose of this study was to verify the reliability and validity the Korean version of Fear of COVID-19 scale (KF-COVID-19S). METHODS The data of total 186 normal adults and 17 patients were finally used for the statistical analysis. For internal consistency, Cronbach's α was calculated. For concurrent and discriminant validity, the correlations with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS), Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15), World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Instrument Brief Form (WHOQOLBREF) were analyzed. For construct validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted. RESULTS Cronbach alpha was 0.88. The two-factor model (factor 1: Physical fear, factor 2: Emotional fear) showed significantly positive correlations and appeared to be "good" fitness (CFI=0.906, IFI=0.907, NFI=0.902). CONCLUSION The KF-COVID-19S can be a useful scale that can measure the physical and emotional fears associated with COVID-19 in a short time. Because the psychiatric patients are a more vulnerable group to the fear, it is thought that the KF-COVID-19S will help to determine the patient's level of anxiety and make a therapeutic plan for the underlying mental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Sic Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- Korea Brain-Behavior Mental Health Institute, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ji Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- Korea Brain-Behavior Mental Health Institute, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Mo Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- Korea Brain-Behavior Mental Health Institute, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongwan Hong
- Korea Brain-Behavior Mental Health Institute, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Iksan Hospital, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Lee
- Department of Public Health, Wonkwang University Graduate School, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Cheol Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Shinsegae Hospital, Gimje, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- Korea Brain-Behavior Mental Health Institute, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeol Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- Korea Brain-Behavior Mental Health Institute, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
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169
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Brewer P, Sebby AG. The effect of online restaurant menus on consumers' purchase intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT 2021; 94:102777. [PMID: 34785837 PMCID: PMC8588438 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
As COVID-19 escalated globally in 2020, mandated suspension of dine-in services was instilled to control virus transmission. Restaurants lost billions of dollars, millions experienced severe employment changes, and numerous small restaurants closed. For those remaining in business, converting to online food ordering was essential. Unique to the food ordering setting, this study extended the Stimulus-Organism-Response model to predict the purchase intentions of participants in an online food ordering context. Using structural equation modeling, this study discovered the indirect effects of the menu's visual appeal and informativeness, and the perception of COVID-19 risks on consumer purchase intentions. This causal relationship was significantly mediated by consumers' desire for food and their perceived convenience of online food ordering. Through providing theoretical and managerial implications for how to identify appropriate products, utilize content marketing effectively, and attract new customers, this study could assist restaurants in adapting to remaining competitive, even post COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prawannarat Brewer
- Faculty, College of Business, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC, USA
| | - Angela G Sebby
- Assistant Professor, College of Business, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC, USA
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170
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Günaydın HD. The impact of social problem skills on academic motivation by means of Covid-19 fear: A SEM Model: Social Problem Solving, Covid-19, Academic Motivation. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 41:427-436. [PMID: 33821113 PMCID: PMC8012071 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01665-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have investigated the relationship between the social problem-solving skills and academic motivation; nevertheless, new studies should examine the relationships between the social problem solving and academic motivation taking the effect of Covid-19 fear into consideration. As a result of this, in this study, it was aimed to a construct structural equation model by which the impacts of social problem-solving skills on academic motivation by means of Covid-19 fear were studied. Therefore, 513 university students participated in the study and completed Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Short Form, the Fear of Covid-19 Scale, and Academic Motivation Scale. The SEM model analysis indicated that rational problem solving, negative orientation to problem, impulsive/careless style and avoidant style predicted %15 of the Covid-19 fear. Altogether rational problem solving, negative orientation to problem, impulsive/careless style, avoidant style, positive orientation to problem and Covid-19 fear explained %32 of the academic motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Deniz Günaydın
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Human Sciences, Konya Food and Agriculture University, Konya, Turkey
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171
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Abuhammad S, Alzoubi KH, Khabour O. Fear of COVID-19 and stigmatization towards infected people among Jordanian people. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e13899. [PMID: 33280204 PMCID: PMC7883188 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aims to explore the prevalence rates of stigma and fear among people in Jordan during COVID-19 pandemic and to assess socio-demographic and personal factors contributing to the prevalence rates of fear and stigma among people in Jordan during COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD Cross-sectional descriptive design was utilized to attain the study aim. An anonymous online survey targeting people of Jordan was used and distributed to adults in Arabic language. The survey included a previously validated fear scale. Stigma was measured using developed instrument by authors. RESULTS The prevalence of fear among study participants was 52%. In addition, the prevalence of stigma towards infected people and their contact was 64%. The predictors of stigma towards infected people with COVID-19 and their contact were income, living area and downloaded application to trace COVID-19 cases. Moreover the predictors of fear were income living area and downloaded application to trace COVID-19 cases (P ≤ .001). CONCLUSION More than 50% of the respondents were afraid from COVID-19 and 64% had stigma towards infected people and their contact during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study highlights the need for an intervention that provides psychological support to citizens during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan Abuhammad
- Department of Maternal and Child Health NursingJordan Univesity of Science and TechnologyIrbidJordan
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical PharmacyJordan University of Science and TechnologyIrbidJordan
| | - Omar Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory SciencesJordan University of Science and TechnologyIrbidJordan
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172
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Raza SA, Qazi W, Khan KA, Salam J. Social Isolation and Acceptance of the Learning Management System
(LMS) in the time of COVID-19 Pandemic: An Expansion of the UTAUT
Model. JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL COMPUTING RESEARCH 2021. [PMCID: PMC7509242 DOI: 10.1177/0735633120960421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 Pandemic has led to social isolation; however, with the help of
technology, education can continue through this tough time. Therefore, this
research attempts to explore the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of
Technology (UTAUT) through the expansion of the model. Also, make it relevant to
investigate the influence of social isolation, and the moderating role of Corona
fear on Behavioral Intention of the Learning Management System and its Use
Behavior of Learning Management System among students. The data was analyzed
using Partial Least Square (PLS) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The
findings show a positive link of Performance Expectancy (PE), Effort Expectancy
(EE), Social Influence (SI), and Social Isolation on Behavioral Intention of LMS
and, also between Behavioral Intention of LMS and its Use behavior. Moreover,
the results of the moderation analysis show that Corona fears only moderates the
link of Performance Expectancy and Social influence with Behavioral Intention of
LMS. The findings imply the need for improving the LMS experience to increase
its Behavioral Intention among students. Finally, the author's recommendation
for future researchers is to examine the extended model in other countries and
territories to analyze Coronavirus's influence on e-learning acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed A. Raza
- Department of Management Sciences, IQRA University, Karachi,
Pakistan
- Syed A. Raza, Department of Management
Sciences, IQRA University, Karachi 75300, Pakistan.
| | - Wasim Qazi
- Department of Education and Learning Sciences, IQRA University,
Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Komal Akram Khan
- Department of Management Sciences, IQRA University, Karachi,
Pakistan
| | - Javeria Salam
- Department of Management Sciences, IQRA University, Karachi,
Pakistan
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173
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Huarcaya-Victoria J, Elera-Fitzcarrald C, Salvador-Carrillo J, Flores CJ. Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the fear of COVID-19 scale in Peruvian medical students. DEATH STUDIES 2021; 46:2273-2279. [PMID: 33755532 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2021.1899340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to produce significant emotional consequences at the individual, community, societal, and global levels. This study describes the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) in Peruvian medical students. Data were collected by a convenience sampling method, resulting in a total of 1238 medical students from different medical schools in Peru. Our analyses suggest that a two-factor model explains the underlying two-dimensional structure of the FCV-19S. The results indicated that the Spanish version of the FCV-19S scale was found to have adequate psychometric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Huarcaya-Victoria
- Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
| | | | - José Salvador-Carrillo
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Filial Chincha, Lima, Peru
- Instituto de Investigación de Interculturalidad, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Peru
| | - Claudio J Flores
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Filial Chincha, Lima, Peru
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174
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Evren C, Evren B, Dalbudak E, Topcu M, Kutlu N. Measuring dysfunctional grief due to a COVID-19 loss: A Turkish validation study of the Pandemic Grief Scale. DEATH STUDIES 2021; 46:25-33. [PMID: 33720811 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2021.1897179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The global death toll to date of the COVID-19 pandemic has been enormous, and millions of people are grieving these losses. The aim of the current study is to validate a Turkish version of the Pandemic Grief Scale (PGS), which is a brief English-language mental health screener to identify probable cases of dysfunctional grief associated with a COVID-19 death. Participants were assessed using the PGS, Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) and Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS). We surveyed 758 Turkish native speakers who participated online. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the factor structure of the PGS was satisfactory. The scale was internally consistent with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.77 and a composite reliability of 0.90. The PGS demonstrated construct validity with strong correlations with suicidal ideation and substance use coping. Positive correlations of the PGS with the PHQ-4 and the WSAS demonstrated adequate convergent validity. The PGS discriminates well between persons with and without dysfunctional grief using an optimized cut score of ≥ 3 (89% sensitivity and 72% specificity). The PGS also demonstrates incremental validity by explaining most of the variance (43%) in functional impairment due to a COVID-19 loss beyond measures of depression and generalized anxiety. These findings closely replicate the original validation study on the PGS in English and suggest that the current Turkish version of the PGS is a valid and reliable measure to assess the severity of dysfunctional grief associated with a COVID-19 death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuneyt Evren
- Research, Treatment and Training Center for Alcohol and Substance Dependence (AMATEM), Bakirkoy Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bilge Evren
- Department of Psychiatry, Baltalimani State Hospital for Muskuloskeletal Disorders, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ercan Dalbudak
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Yüksek İhtisas University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Merve Topcu
- Department of Psychology, Cankaya University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilay Kutlu
- Department of Psychiatry, Baltalimani State Hospital for Muskuloskeletal Disorders, Istanbul, Turkey
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175
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ŞANAL KARAHAN F, BAKALIM O. The Mindfulness Levels of Adults During the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Role of Solution Focused Thinking and Valuing. SPIRITUAL PSYCHOLOGY AND COUNSELING 2021. [DOI: 10.37898/spc.2021.6.1.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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176
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Cottin M, Hernández C, Núñez C, Labbé N, Quevedo Y, Davanzo A, Behn A. "What If We Get Sick?": Spanish Adaptation and Validation of the Fear of Illness and Virus Evaluation Scale in a Non-clinical Sample Exposed to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychol 2021; 12:590283. [PMID: 33776833 PMCID: PMC7990903 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.590283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinct sources of stress have emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic. Particularly, fear is expected to generate significant psychological burden on individuals and influence on either unsafe behavior that may hinder recovery efforts or virus-mitigating behaviors. However, little is known about the properties of measures to capture them in research and clinical settings. To resolve this gap, we evaluated the psychometric properties of a novel measure of fear of illness and viruses and tested its predictive value for future development of distress. We extracted a random sample of 450 Chilean adult participants from a large cross-sectional survey panel and invited to participate in this intensive longitudinal study for 35 days. Of these, 163 ended up enrolling in the study after the demanding nature of the measurement schedule was clearly explained to them. For this final sample, we calculated different Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) to evaluate the preliminary proposed structure for the instrument. Complementarily, we conducted a content analysis of the items to qualitatively extract its latent structure, which was also subject to empirical test via CFA. Results indicated that the original structure did not fit the data well; however, the new proposed structure based on the content analysis did. Overall, the modified instrument showed good reliability through all subscales both by its internal consistency with Cronbach's alphas ranging from 0.814 to 0.913, and with test-retest correlations ranging from 0.715 to 0.804. Regarding its convergent validity, individuals who scored higher in fears tended to also score higher in depressive and posttraumatic stress symptoms at baseline. Furthermore, higher fears at baseline predicted a higher score in posttraumatic stress symptomatology 7 days later. These results provide evidence for the validity, reliability, and predictive performance of the scale. As the scale is free and multidimensional potentially not circumscribed to COVID-19, it might work as a step toward understanding the psychological impact of current and future pandemics, or further life-threatening health situations of similar characteristics. Limitations, practical implications, and future directions for research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Cottin
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto Milenio para la Investigación en Depresión y Personalidad, MIDAP, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristóbal Hernández
- Instituto Milenio para la Investigación en Depresión y Personalidad, MIDAP, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina Núñez
- Instituto Milenio para la Investigación en Depresión y Personalidad, MIDAP, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Labbé
- Instituto Milenio para la Investigación en Depresión y Personalidad, MIDAP, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yamil Quevedo
- Instituto Milenio para la Investigación en Depresión y Personalidad, MIDAP, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental Oriente, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonella Davanzo
- Instituto Milenio para la Investigación en Depresión y Personalidad, MIDAP, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alex Behn
- Instituto Milenio para la Investigación en Depresión y Personalidad, MIDAP, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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177
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Idoiaga Mondragon N, Berasategi Sancho N, Ozamiz-Etxebarria N, Alonso Saez I. Coping with COVID-19: social representations underlying blaming processes and fear. Psychol Health 2021; 37:828-846. [PMID: 33678080 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2021.1896717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective. This study examines how people socially represent the COVID-19 pandemic in the early stage of the health crisis in Europe. Specifically, this research analyses the days before and immediately after the declaration of the state of emergency in Spain, which resulted in the entire population being placed in lockdown. Design. For this purpose, we used the Grid Elaboration Method for free association elicited by the word "coronavirus". This exercise was completed by 1037 people from Spain. Main Outcome Measures. Responses were analysed using Iramuteq software for lexical analysis. Results. Before the state of emergency and lockdown, there was a repeat of many of the emotional and cognitive patterns seen in previous pandemics such us upward and downward blaming or feelings of anger and emotional fatigue. However, outward blaming patterns towards peers also emerged. Moreover, in the period following lockdown, we noted the emergence of new representations and emotions such as paralyzing distrust or resilience. Similarity analysis revealed that the "fear of pandemic" hides a wide variety of emotions. Conclusion. Understanding the blaming and fear processes that are linked to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain offers us practical implications for coping with the challenge of this new crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahia Idoiaga Mondragon
- Department of Evolutionary and Educational Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Naiara Berasategi Sancho
- Department Didactics and School Organisation, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Naiara Ozamiz-Etxebarria
- Department of Evolutionary and Educational Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Israel Alonso Saez
- Department Didactics and School Organisation, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
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178
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de Medeiros ED, Reis LM, Guimarães CLC, da Silva PGN, Monteiro RP, Coelho GLDH, Guimarães CMC, Martins ERDS, de França LLA. Psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S). CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 42:980-989. [PMID: 33642838 PMCID: PMC7896174 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01476-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 can bring several psychological problems to patients and non-patients, which highlights the need for a better understanding of outcomes that can emerge due the occurrence of the virus. One of these variables is fear, present in situations of continuous uncertainty. Fear is a key variable for mental health and tracking it and its correlates might help to develop proper education and prevention programs. Currently, Brazil is one of the epicentres of the COVID-19 pandemic, with its public health system scrapped and not being able to contain the amount of infected people. Therefore, a proper measure to screen the fear of COVID-19 will help to provide improvements in mental health in such contexts. For that, two studies were performed. In Study 1 (N = 230) we assessed the factorial structure of the measure through exploratory factor analysis, and item parameters using item response theory. In Study 2 (N = 302), we assessed whether the structure would replicate in an independent sample and through confirmatory factor analysis, besides assessing convergent validity using Structural Equation Modelling and proposing a shorter version of the measure. Both long and short versions presented a reliable unidimensional structure and similar patterns of correlations with depression, anxiety, and stress. Overall, our results showed that the FCV-19S and its short version are useful measures to the assessment of fear of COVID-19 in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorena Mota Reis
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, PI 64.202-020 Brazil
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Boguszewski R, Makowska M, Podkowińska M. A Typology of Poles' Attitudes toward COVID-19 during the First Wave of the Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:2002. [PMID: 33669545 PMCID: PMC7922647 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18042002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Objective: To explore Poles' attitudes during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 as a contribution toward the creation of effective health policies. (2) Method: Computer-assisted web interviewing (CAWI) was used to survey a sample of 1001 Poles selected using quota sampling. (3) Results: Using cluster analysis, three types of attitudes were distinguished, people being classified as "involved" (48.1%), "cautious" (27.4%), or "indifferent" (24.6%). The result of greatest interest was the absence of any attitude indicating an extremely dismissive posture toward COVID-19. Three logistic regression analyses, comparing people displaying each attitude with those comparing the other two attitudes combined, showed that an involved attitude was likely to be associated with being female, being in a poorer financial situation, but having relatively high life satisfaction. A cautious attitude was more likely to appear in places with fewer residents and among people in a favorable financial situation, and that an indifferent attitude was more likely to be associated with being male and having lower life satisfaction. (4) Conclusions: The attitudes identified may help to explain why, during the spring of 2020, the virus was spreading slightly more slowly, and on a narrower scale, in Poland than in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Makowska
- Department of Sociology, Institute of Sociological Sciences and Pedagogy, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166 St., 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (R.B.); (M.P.)
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180
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Summaka M, Zein H, Naim I, Fneish S. Assessing the psychological impact of COVID-19 outbreak and its related factors on Lebanese individuals with physical disabilities. Disabil Health J 2021; 14:101073. [PMID: 33653673 PMCID: PMC7891081 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2021.101073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background In February 2020, the Lebanese authorities announced the first Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) case. Since then, the cases increased significantly, but information on the public’s psychological status and specifically individuals with physical disabilities is still limited. Purpose The study aims to assess the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on Lebanese individuals with physical disabilities and study the associated factors. Materials and methods This is a cross-sectional study involving 118 individuals with physical disabilities. Each filled out an online survey with three sections: a personal questionnaire, the Arabic versions of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 and the Fear of COVID-19 scale. Data regarding participants’ baseline characteristics, fear, anxiety, and depression were collected and analyzed using the Chi-square test and regressions models. Results Individuals with physical disabilities exhibited mild fear of COVID-19, with fear being correlated with age, educational level, and employment status. Furthermore, 22.9% of the population was found to be anxious, and 31.5% were depressed. Anxiety was associated with both marital status and employment status. Finally, depression was proved to be influenced by marital status, employment, and educational level. Conclusion Results extracted showed that individuals with physical disabilities require substantial attention in order to manage their psychological state during pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Summaka
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Health, Rehabilitation, Integration and Research Center (HRIR), Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Hiba Zein
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Health, Rehabilitation, Integration and Research Center (HRIR), Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Ibrahim Naim
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Health, Rehabilitation, Integration and Research Center (HRIR), Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Sleiman Fneish
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Health, Rehabilitation, Integration and Research Center (HRIR), Beirut, Lebanon.
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181
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Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Patient Presentation and Perception to a Neurosurgical Outpatient Clinic. World Neurosurg 2021; 149:e274-e280. [PMID: 33610862 PMCID: PMC7891092 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background The world currently faces the novel COVID-19 pandemic, with cutbacks in patient care. Little is known about the effects of a pandemic on the presentation and admission to an outpatient clinic. Our aim was to gain a better understanding of the effects of reduced neurosurgical care access from the patient perspective, especially in terms of anxiety and urgency of treatment, and to improve outpatient management in case of a potential second wave and potential restrictions on health care. Methods We performed a questionnaire study over a period of 4 weeks following the COVID-19 lockdown at our academic neurosurgical department. A 15-item questionnaire was distributed to the patients with 3 additional questions to be answered by the treating neurosurgeon. Results A total of 437 questionnaires were analyzed. Overall anxiety to visit a general practitioner or the outpatient facility within the hospital was very low among patients. A quarter of all appointments had to be postponed due to COVID-19, in 0.6% postponement was perceived as incorrect by the treating neurosurgeon. We noted that 43% did not get an appointment due to the restrictions, 20% did not want to bother the medical system, and only 4% were afraid to get infected in the hospital. Conclusions Despite COVID-19, patients in need of neurosurgical service were hardly afraid to visit doctors and/or hospitals. Nonetheless, because legal requirements, access has been restricted, causing potential collateral damage in a small subset of neurosurgical patients.
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182
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Özmen S, Özkan O, Özer Ö, Yanardağ MZ. Investigation of COVID-19 Fear, Well-Being and Life Satisfaction in Turkish Society. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 36:164-177. [PMID: 33461428 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2021.1877589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to examine the relationship between the fear of COVID-19, well-being, and life satisfaction perceptions of people aged 18 and over living in Turkey. Another aim of the study is to reveal whether the participants' COVID-19 fear, well-being, and life satisfaction perceptions change according to various socio-demographic characteristics. In the study, data was collected from 3111 people through a questionnaire created via Google Form on the internet. The data collection process was carried out on April 11-16, 2020. The results obtained from the study showed that COVID-19 fear status and life satisfaction levels of the participants were moderate while the well-being levels were low. According to the result of the regression analysis, it was determined that the fear of COVID-19 explained 11.3% of the total variance on well-being and 1.3% of the total variance on life satisfaction; and well-being explained 19.4% of the total variance on life satisfaction. Furthermore, it was determined that the scores of the participants regarding the fear of COVID-19 showed statistically significant differences according to age, gender, education level, working status, having any chronic diseases, regular drug use, and income level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sümeyye Özmen
- Department of Healthcare Management, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Okan Özkan
- Department of Healthcare Management, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özlem Özer
- Department of Healthcare Management, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
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183
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Can South Asian Countries Cope with the Mental Health Crisis Associated with COVID-19? Int J Ment Health Addict 2021; 20:1923-1932. [PMID: 33613132 PMCID: PMC7886190 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00491-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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184
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Chen IH, Chen CY, Pakpour AH, Griffiths MD, Lin CY, Li XD, Tsang HWH. Problematic internet-related behaviors mediate the associations between levels of internet engagement and distress among schoolchildren during COVID-19 lockdown: A longitudinal structural equation modeling study. J Behav Addict 2021; 10:135-148. [PMID: 33570506 PMCID: PMC8969851 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Due to the rapid spread of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), policies based on the nature of "spatial distancing" have been implemented and have resulted in school suspensions and online learning among schoolchildren. In order to examine the impact of such policies on schoolchildren, the aims of the present study were to (i) assess changes in the level of engagement in three internet-related activities (smartphone use, social media use, and gaming) before and during the COVID-19 outbreak, including prolonged and problematic engagement in these activities; (ii) investigate the differences of psychological distress before and after COVID-19 outbreak; and (iii) to use structural equation modeling to investigate the mediating roles of problematic internet-related behaviors in the causal relationships of psychological distress and time spent on internet-related activities. METHODS Self-report measures were used to assess internet-related activities and psychological distress. Time spent on internet-related activities, problematic use of internet-related activities, and psychological distress were collected from primary school students (N = 535; 265 boys; M age = 10.32 years [SD = 0.84]). The data were first collected before the COVID-19 outbreak (i.e., early November 2019) and then collected again during the school suspension due to COVID-19 outbreak (i.e., end of March 2020) for comparisons of changes. RESULTS Schoolchildren spent significantly more time on the smartphone (increased 1.02 h daily; P < 0.001) and social media (increased 0.73 h daily; P < 0.001) but not gaming (increased 0.14 h daily; P = 0.07) during the school suspension compared to the baseline. Schoolchildren who increased by 15 or 30 min daily on internet-related activities showed an increased level of psychological distress. The association between problematic use of social media and psychological distress was stronger during the school suspension (β = 0.584) than at the baseline (β = 0.451; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Increased problematic use of internet-related activities among schoolchildren was associated with greater psychological distress. Parents should therefore monitor internet-related activities and psychological distress of their children to support their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hua Chen
- School of Education Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Chao-Ying Chen
- School of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Amir H. Pakpour
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- Psychology Department, International Gaming Research Unit, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Xu-Dong Li
- Gaogeng Nine-year School, Qionglai, China
| | - Hector W. H. Tsang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
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185
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Solymosi R, Jackson J, Pósch K, Yesberg JA, Bradford B, Kyprianides A. Functional and dysfunctional fear of COVID-19: a classification scheme. CRIME SCIENCE 2021; 10:4. [PMID: 33585156 PMCID: PMC7863853 DOI: 10.1186/s40163-020-00137-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Worry about COVID-19 is a central topic of research into the social and economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, we present a new way of measuring worry about catching COVID-19 that distinguishes between worry as a negative experience that damages people's quality of life (dysfunctional) and worry as an adaptive experience that directs people's attention to potential problems (functional). Drawing on work into fear of crime, our classification divides people into three groups: (1) the unworried, (2) the functionally worried (where worry motivates proactive behaviours that help people to manage their sense of risk) and (3) the dysfunctionally worried (where quality of life is damaged by worry and/or precautionary behaviour). Analysing data from two waves of a longitudinal panel study of over 1000 individuals living in ten cities in England, Scotland and Wales, we find differing levels of negative anxiety, anger, loneliness, unhappiness and life satisfaction for each of the three groups, with the dysfunctionally worried experiencing the most negative outcomes and the functionally worried experiencing less negative outcomes than unworried. We find no difference between groups in compliance and willingness to re-engage in social life. Finally, we show a difference between the dysfunctionally worried compared with functional and unworried groups in perceptions of risk (differentiating between likelihood, control and consequence). This finding informs what sort of content-targeted messaging aimed at reducing dysfunctional worry might wish to promote. We conclude with some thoughts on the applicability of our measurement scheme for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reka Solymosi
- Department of Criminology, School of Social Sciences, Williamson Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Jonathan Jackson
- London School of Economics & Political Science, London, UK
- University of Sydney Law School, Sydney, Australia
| | - Krisztián Pósch
- Jill Dando Institute of Security & Crime Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Julia A. Yesberg
- Jill Dando Institute of Security & Crime Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ben Bradford
- Jill Dando Institute of Security & Crime Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Arabella Kyprianides
- Jill Dando Institute of Security & Crime Science, University College London, London, UK
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186
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Akour I, Alshurideh M, Al Kurdi B, Al Ali A, Salloum S. Using Machine Learning Algorithms to Predict People's Intention to Use Mobile Learning Platforms During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Machine Learning Approach. JMIR MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 7:e24032. [PMID: 33444154 PMCID: PMC8081278 DOI: 10.2196/24032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobile learning has become an essential instruction platform in many schools, colleges, universities, and various other educational institutions across the globe, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. The resulting severe, pandemic-related circumstances have disrupted physical and face-to-face contact teaching practices, thereby requiring many students to actively use mobile technologies for learning. Mobile learning technologies offer viable web-based teaching and learning platforms that are accessible to teachers and learners worldwide. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the use of mobile learning platforms for instruction purposes in United Arab Emirates higher education institutions. METHODS An extended technology acceptance model and theory of planned behavior model were proposed to analyze university students' adoption of mobile learning platforms for accessing course materials, searching the web for information related to their disciplines, sharing knowledge, and submitting assignments during the COVID-19 pandemic. We collected a total of 1880 questionnaires from different universities in the United Arab Emirates. Partial least squares-structural equation modeling and machine learning algorithms were used to assess the research model, which was based on the data gathered from a student survey. RESULTS Based on our results, each hypothesized relationship within the research model was supported by our data analysis results. It should also be noted that the J48 classifier (89.37% accuracy) typically performed better than the other classifiers when it came to the prediction of the dependent variable. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that teaching and learning could considerably benefit from adopting remote learning systems as educational tools during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the value of such systems could be lessened because of the emotions that students experience, including a fear of poor grades, stress resulting from family circumstances, and sadness resulting from a loss of friends. Accordingly, these issues can only be resolved by evaluating the emotions of students during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Akour
- Information Systems Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad Alshurideh
- Department of Management, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Marketing, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Barween Al Kurdi
- Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Amel Al Ali
- Information Systems Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Said Salloum
- Research Institute of Sciences & Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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187
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Ayalon L, Segel-Karpas D. When She Worries I Worry too: COVID-19 Worries in the Context of Daughters' and Mothers' Relations. Res Aging 2021; 44:3-9. [PMID: 33511912 DOI: 10.1177/0164027521989028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We examined the extent to which a daughter's worries are related to her mother's perceived worries about COVID-19 (i.e., the daughter's perception of her mother's worries). Regard, defined as reciprocity, closeness or compatibility, and responsibility, defined as guilt, burden and protectiveness, were measured as potential moderators of the relationship between the daughter's worries and her mother's perceived worries. A convenience sample of 438 women between the ages of 30 and 60 completed an online survey. We found a significant correlation between daughters' and mothers' perceived COVID-19 worries. This association was moderated by the daughters' regard. For those daughters that characterized their relations as high on regard, higher levels of COVID-19 worries were associated with higher levels of perceived worries among mothers. The importance of considering the relationships between daughters and mothers, during the pandemic is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Ayalon
- Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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188
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Gronholm PC, Nosé M, van Brakel WH, Eaton J, Ebenso B, Fiekert K, Milenova M, Sunkel C, Barbui C, Thornicroft G. Reducing stigma and discrimination associated with COVID-19: early stage pandemic rapid review and practical recommendations. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2021; 30:e15. [PMID: 33504412 PMCID: PMC7884669 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796021000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To develop recommendations for strategies and interventions to reduce stigma and discrimination related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), through reviewing and synthesising evidence in relation to COVID-19 and other disease outbreaks and infectious/stigmatised conditions from systematic reviews and primary studies and recommendations from additional materials. METHODS Rapid review, drawing on the World Health Organization's (WHO) methodology for developing interim guidelines during health emergencies. PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central and Campbell Collaboration searched up to mid-April 2020. Searches were supplemented by reference-searching and expert recommendations. Searches were designed to identify: (1) systematic reviews (<10 years), or (2) primary intervention studies (no date limit) reporting evidence on anti-stigma interventions (in relation to COVID-19 or other infectious/stigmatised conditions) or (3) additional relevant materials. Data were extracted on population, intervention, outcome and results. These data were compiled into evidence summary tables and narrative overviews. Recommendations on strategies for COVID-19 stigma-reduction were developed using the WHO 'Evidence to Decision' framework approach. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (registration ID: CRD42020177677). RESULTS The searches identified a total of 4150 potentially relevant records, from which 12 systematic reviews and 29 additional articles were included. Overarching considerations and specific recommendations focus on: (1) language/words used in relation to COVID-19 and affected people; (2) media/journalistic practices; (3) public health interventions; (4) targeted public health interventions for key groups and (5) involving communities and key stakeholders. CONCLUSIONS These recommendations represent the first consolidated evidence-based guidance on stigma and discrimination reduction in relation to COVID-19. Mitigating the impact of stigma is critical in reducing distress and negative experiences, and strengthening communities' resolve to work together during exceptional circumstances. Ultimately, reducing stigma helps addressing structural inequalities that drive marginalisation and exacerbate both health risks and the impact of stigma. Administrations and decision makers are urged to consider integrating these recommendations into the ongoing COVID-19 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. C. Gronholm
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Centre for Global Mental Health and Centre for Implementation Science, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M. Nosé
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation; Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences; Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - J. Eaton
- CBM Global, and Centre for Global Mental Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK
| | - B. Ebenso
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - K. Fiekert
- KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - M. Milenova
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Centre for Global Mental Health and Centre for Implementation Science, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C. Sunkel
- Global Mental Health Peer Network, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - C. Barbui
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation; Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences; Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - G. Thornicroft
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Centre for Global Mental Health and Centre for Implementation Science, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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189
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Çağlar A, Kaçer İ. Anxiety levels in patients admitted to the emergency department with myocardial infarction or COVID-19 pneumonia. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2021; 27:228-236. [PMID: 33486994 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2021.1876893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 related high morbidity and mortality have led to a common fear and anxiety. This study aimed to determine the state/trait and death anxiety levels of patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and COVID-19 pneumonia. The study was conducted at the emergency department of a tertiary hospital in Central Anatolia of Turkey. 120 patients with myocardial infarction , 120 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, and 120 healthy volunteers as a control group were included in the study. The participants filled out the questionnaire that included the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Thorson-Powell's Revised Death Anxiety Scale (RDAS). All scores of patient groups were significantly higher than the control group. There was no significant difference in terms of STAI-S, STAI-T, and RDAS scores between COVID-19 pneumonia and MI groups. The anxiety risk increased 2.14-fold for STAI-T and 1.97-fold for STAI-S in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia compared to the control group. In this study, the state/trait and death anxiety levels of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were as high as patients with myocardial infarction.COVID-19 pneumonia-related anxiety was associated with chronic diseases and smoking. Knowing the level of anxiety in these patients is important to provide better health services in the emergency departments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Çağlar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Aksaray University Training and Research Hospital, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - İlker Kaçer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Aksaray University Training and Research Hospital, Aksaray, Turkey
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190
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Cassiani-Miranda CA, Tirado-Otálvaro AF, Campo-Arias A. Adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale in the general Colombian population. DEATH STUDIES 2021; 46:595-602. [PMID: 33464177 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2021.1874572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to adapt and explore the psychometric performance of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) in the general Colombian population. The original FCV-19S is a 7-item scale that underwent an adaptation (Item 1 and 5 were deleted). From an online sample of 1,687 adults (59% female), exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed for versions of the scale with 6 and 5 items. Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega were calculated. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the 5-item scale (Fear of COVID-5) presented better indicators. In conclusion, the Fear of COVID-5 has acceptable performance in the Colombian population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adalberto Campo-Arias
- Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia
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191
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Arslan G. Understanding wellbeing and death obsession of young adults in the context of Coronavirus experiences: Mitigating the effect of mindful awareness. DEATH STUDIES 2021; 46:1923-1932. [PMID: 33464187 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2020.1871122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the mediating effect of mindfulness on the association of coronavirus-related suffering and stress with death obsession and subjective wellbeing in young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample of this study was 583 Turkish young adults from a public university in Turkey. They ranged in age between 18 and 40 years (M = 20.97; SD = 2.38). The results showed that coronavirus stress mediated the impact of coronavirus suffering on mindfulness and death obsession. Moreover, greater mindfulness mediated the adverse impacts of coronavirus suffering and stress on young adults' subjective wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökmen Arslan
- Faculty of Education, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
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192
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Ay T, Oruç D, Özdoğru AA. Adaptation and evaluation of COVID-19 related Psychological Distress Scale Turkish form. DEATH STUDIES 2021; 46:560-568. [PMID: 33455500 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2021.1873459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to adapt COVID-19 Related Psychological Distress Scale (CORPD) into Turkish and evaluate its psychometric properties. Participants were assessed across the CORPD Turkish form, Symptom Checklist-90-Revised anxiety subscale, Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and the Brief Resilience Scale. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed a two-factor model in different subsamples, with satisfactory reliability. The total and subscale scores of the CORPD Turkish Form were positively correlated with anxiety and fear of COVID-19, and negatively correlated with resilience. The findings suggest that the CORPD Turkish form is a valid and reliable measure to assess the COVID-19 related psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğba Ay
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Gebze Technical College, Turkish Ministry of National Education, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Deniz Oruç
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Public Health Agency, Turkish Ministry of Health, İstanbul, Turkey
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193
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Mamun MA, Sakib N, Gozal D, Bhuiyan AKMI, Hossain S, Bodrud-Doza M, Al Mamun F, Hosen I, Safiq MB, Abdullah AH, Sarker MA, Rayhan I, Sikder MT, Muhit M, Lin CY, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH. The COVID-19 pandemic and serious psychological consequences in Bangladesh: A population-based nationwide study. J Affect Disord 2021; 279:462-472. [PMID: 33120247 PMCID: PMC7568472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As with other countries worldwide, lockdown measures during the COVID-19 outbreak in Bangladesh were sudden and unexpected, and have the capacity to elicit serious psychological consequences. The present study examined the psychological consequences of COVID-19 in Bangladesh during the lockdown period. METHODS A nationwide online cross-sectional survey study recruited 10,067 individuals covering all 64 districts in Bangladesh via social media (April 1-10, 2020). The survey comprised questions concerning socio-demographics, knowledge of COVID-19, behavior towards COVID-19, fear of COVID-19, insomnia, depression, and suicidal ideation. Logistic regression and structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses were performed to identify the risk factors depression and suicidal ideation. Geographical information system (GIS)-based spatial analysis was used to identify district-wise susceptibility to depression and suicidal ideation. FINDINGS The prevalence rate of depression and suicidal ideation related to COVID-19 was 33% and 5%%. Common risk factors for suicidal ideation and depression included being young, being female, being a cigarette smoker, having comorbid diseases, having high scores on the Fear COVID-19 Scale, and having insomnia symptoms. GIS-based maps detected high depression and suicidal ideation in the capital of Bangladesh and the districts near the capital as well as coastal areas where COVID-19 prevalence was high, as compared with districts with no reported cases. LIMITATIONS Self-reported scales and cross-sectional design of the study. CONCLUSION COVID-19 is associated with major psychological impact across Bangladesh, underlining the need of strategically located psychological support measures and improved access to mental health services, especially among women and younger people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Mamun
- Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research - Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh,Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh,Corresponding authors
| | - Najmuj Sakib
- Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research - Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh,Department of Microbiology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - David Gozal
- Department of Child Health and the Child Health Research Institute, The University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - AKM Israfil Bhuiyan
- Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research - Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sahadat Hossain
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Firoj Al Mamun
- Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research - Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh,Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ismail Hosen
- Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research - Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh,Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mariam Binte Safiq
- Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research - Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh,Saphena Women's Dental College and General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Hasnat Abdullah
- Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research - Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh,Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abedin Sarker
- Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research - Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh,Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Istihak Rayhan
- Department of Economics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Tajuddin Sikder
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Muhit
- Asian Institute of Disability and Development, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh,CSF Global, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Amir H. Pakpour
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran,Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden,Corresponding authors
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194
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Caycho-Rodríguez T, Tomás JM, Barboza-Palomino M, Ventura-León J, Gallegos M, Reyes-Bossio M, Vilca LW. Assessment of Fear of COVID-19 in Older Adults: Validation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021; 20:1231-1245. [PMID: 33432265 PMCID: PMC7787591 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00438-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
There is no information in Peru on the prevalence of mental health problems associated with COVID-19 in older adults. In this sense, the aim of the study was to gather evidence on the factor structure, criterion-related validity, and reliability of the Spanish version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) in this population. The participants were 400 older adults (mean age = 68.04, SD = 6.41), who were administered the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Revised Mental Health Inventory-5, Patient Health Questionnaire-2 items, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale 2 items. Structural equation models were estimated, specifically confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), bifactor CFA, and structural models with latent variables (SEM). Internal consistency was estimated with composite reliability indexes (CRI) and omega coefficients. A bifactor model with both a general factor underlying all items plus a specific factor underlying items 1, 2, 4, and 5 representing the emotional response to COVID better represents the factor structure of the scale. This structure had adequate fit and good reliability, and additionally fear of COVID had a large effect on mental health. In general, women had more fear than men, having more information on COVID was associated to more fear, while having family or friends affected by COVID did not related to fear of the virus. The Spanish version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale presents evidence of validity and reliability to assess fear of COVID-19 in the Peruvian older adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Caycho-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, Peru
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Av. Alfredo Mendiola 6062, Los Olivos, Lima, Peru
| | - José M. Tomás
- Department of Methodology of the Behavioural Sciences, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - José Ventura-León
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, Peru
| | - Miguel Gallegos
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mario Reyes-Bossio
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
| | - Lindsey W. Vilca
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
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195
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Stănculescu E. Fear of COVID-19 in Romania: Validation of the Romanian Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale Using Graded Response Model Analysis. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021; 20:1094-1109. [PMID: 33432266 PMCID: PMC7787708 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00428-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the basic emotions generated by the COVID-19 pandemic is the fear of contacting this disease. The main aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Romanian version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), based on classical test theory and item response theory, namely, graded response model. The FCV-19S was translated into Romanian following a forward-backward translation procedure. The reliability and validity of the instrument were assessed in a sample of 809 adults (34.6% males; Mage = 32.61; SD ±11.25; age range from 18 to 68 years). Results showed that the Romanian FCV-19S had very good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = .88; McDonald’s omega = .89; composite reliability = .89). The confirmatory factor analysis for one-factor FCV-19S based on the maximum likelihood estimation method with Satorra-Bentler correction for non-normality proved that the model fitted well (CFI = .99, TLI = .97, RMSEA = .06, 90% CI [.05, .09], SRMR = .01). As for criterion-related validity, the fear of COVID-19 score correlated with depression (r = .25, p < .01), stress (r = .45, p < .01), resilience (r = − .22, p < .01) and happiness (r = −.33, p < .01). The heterotrait-monotrait criteria less than .85 certified the discriminant validity of the FCV-19S-RO. The GRM analysis highlighted robust psychometric properties of the scale and measurement invariance across gender. These findings emphasized validity for the use of Romanian version of FCV-19S and expanding the existing body of research on the fear of COVID-19. Overall, the current research contributes to the literature not only by validating the FCV-19S-RO but also by considering the positive psychology approach in the study of fear of COVID-19, emphasizing a negative relationship among resilience, happiness and fear in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Stănculescu
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Bucharest, 90 Panduri Street, Bucharest, Romania
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196
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Mercado-Lara MF, Campo-Arias A, Monterrosa-Castro Á. Validity and Reliability of the Spanish Version of Fear of COVID-19 Scale in Colombian Physicians. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021; 20:1122-1129. [PMID: 33424516 PMCID: PMC7781426 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00430-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fear COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) is a tool that assesses fears related to COVID-19. The objective was to know the validity and reliability of the FCV-19S in Colombian physicians. Five hundred thirty-one physicians aged between 21 and 69 years participated (M = 30.0, SD = 9.4). Internal consistency was estimated with Kuder-Richardson and McDonald's omega coefficients. The one-dimensional structure was corroborated with confirmatory factor analysis and goodness of fit coefficients. The FCV-19S showed Kuder-Richardson's coefficient of 0.16 and McDonald's omega of 0.42. The five-item version (FCV-19S-5), without items 3 and 7, showed Kuder-Richardson's coefficient of 0.67 and McDonald's omega of 0.68. In conclusion, the FCV-19S presented a poor psychometric performance in Colombian doctors, and the FCV-19S-5 showed acceptable internal consistency and dimensionality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adalberto Campo-Arias
- Medicine Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Magdalena, Carrera 32 No. 22-08, Bloque 8, Gorgona, Segundo piso, oficina Psicología de la Salud y Psiquiatría, Santa Marta, 470004 Colombia
| | - Álvaro Monterrosa-Castro
- Research Group of Women’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
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197
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Being vaccinated for love or despite fear of vaccination? The influence of priming on vaccination intention among young
French people. HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY REPORT 2021. [DOI: 10.5114/hpr.2021.111084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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198
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Asanjarani F, Szczygieł M, Arif A. The Persian Language Version of the Obsession With the COVID-19 Scale for Adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:800982. [PMID: 35002815 PMCID: PMC8739484 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.800982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused significant public health burdens and psychological dysfunctions. In this challenging time, adolescents require special care. The Persian version of the Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS) for adolescents was developed to screen for dysfunctional obsession associated with the coronavirus during the global pandemic. The structure and internal consistency of the OCS were established. Design and Measures: Although there are different language versions of the OCS, this is the first study to validate the psychometric properties of the OCS in Iranian adolescents. Seven hundred and nine students (369 girls) participated in the study. Demographic questions and the OCS were administered. Results: The findings provided support for the existence of a unidimensional structure that met the criteria for configural, metric, and full scalar invariance across gender (girls and boys), inhabitancy (urban and rural), and infection experience (infected and non-infected). The OCS is short and highly reliable measurement. However, further research is necessary to establish the validity of the scale in Iranian population. Conclusions: The development of such valid scales is an essential part of both research and practice during times of crisis, like a global pandemic. Diagnosis of pandemic related to obsessive thoughts in adolescents is needed as the COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing and as experts point out, it can be expected that the effects of the pandemic will be observed in the coming years. The Persian version makes it possible to conduct international comparative research on the anxiety related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faramarz Asanjarani
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Monika Szczygieł
- Department of Neurocognitive Psychology, Faculty of Pedagogy and Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Pedagogical University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Amna Arif
- Department of Education, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
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199
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Fung XCC, Siu AMH, Potenza MN, O'Brien KS, Latner JD, Chen CY, Chen IH, Lin CY. Problematic Use of Internet-Related Activities and Perceived Weight Stigma in Schoolchildren: A Longitudinal Study Across Different Epidemic Periods of COVID-19 in China. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:675839. [PMID: 34108898 PMCID: PMC8183469 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.675839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Social distancing and school suspension due to the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) may have a negative impact on children's behavior and well-being. Problematic smartphone use (PSU), problematic social media use (PSMU) and perceived weight stigma (PWS) are particularly important issues for children, yet we have a poor understanding of how these may have been affected by lockdowns and physical isolation resulting from COVID-19. This research aimed to understand how these psychosocial and behavioral variables may be associated with psychological distress, and how these associations may have changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A total of 489 children completed a three-wave longitudinal study from January 2020 to June 2020. The first wave was conducted before the COVID-19 outbreak. The second wave was conducted during the outbreak. The third wave was conducted during post-COVID-19 lockdown. Questionnaires measured psychological distress, PSU, PSMU, and PWS. Results: PSU, PSMU, PWS and psychological distress were all significantly associated with each other. PSU was significantly higher during outbreak. PWS was significantly higher before outbreak. We found an increased association between PSMU and PWS across three waves in all three models. The association between PSU and depression/anxiety decreased across three waves; however, association between PSMU and depression/anxiety increased across three waves. Conclusions: COVID-19 initiated school suspension and associated lockdowns appear to have exacerbated PSU and depression among children. However, PWS was reduced during this period. Children should use smartphones and social media safely and cautiously, and be aware of the potential exposure to weight stigmatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier C C Fung
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Andrew M H Siu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and the Child Study Center, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, United States
| | - Kerry S O'Brien
- School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Janet D Latner
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Chao-Ying Chen
- School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - I-Hua Chen
- International College, Krirk University, Bangkok, Thailand.,School of Education Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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200
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Pramukti I, Strong C, Sitthimongkol Y, Setiawan A, Pandin MGR, Yen CF, Lin CY, Griffiths MD, Ko NY. Anxiety and Suicidal Thoughts During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Country Comparative Study Among Indonesian, Taiwanese, and Thai University Students. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e24487. [PMID: 33296867 PMCID: PMC7772053 DOI: 10.2196/24487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected the mental health of university students. OBJECTIVE This study examined the psychological responses toward COVID-19 among university students from 3 countries-Indonesia, Taiwan, and Thailand. METHODS We used a web-based, cross-sectional survey to recruit 1985 university students from 5 public universities (2 in Indonesia, 1 in Thailand, and 1 in Taiwan) via popular social media platforms such as Facebook, LINE, WhatsApp, and broadcast. All students (n=938 in Indonesia, n=734 in Thailand, and n=313 in Taiwan) answered questions concerning their anxiety, suicidal thoughts (or sadness), confidence in pandemic control, risk perception of susceptibility to infection, perceived support, resources for fighting infection, and sources of information in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Among the 3 student groups, Thai students had the highest levels of anxiety but the lowest levels of confidence in pandemic control and available resources for fighting COVID-19. Factors associated with higher anxiety differed across countries. Less perceived satisfactory support was associated with more suicidal thoughts among Indonesian students. On the other hand, Taiwanese students were more negatively affected by information gathered from the internet and from medical staff than were Indonesian or Thai students. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that health care providers in Thailand may need to pay special attention to Thai university students given that high levels of anxiety were observed in this study population. In addition, health care providers should establish a good support system for university students, as the results of this study indicate a negative association between support and suicidal thoughts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Pramukti
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia.,International Doctoral Program in Nursing, Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Carol Strong
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Agus Setiawan
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Cheng-Fang Yen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital & School of Medicine College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nai-Ying Ko
- International Doctoral Program in Nursing, Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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