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Honda T, Toyama S, Matsumoto Y, Sanada T, Yasui F, Koseki A, Kono R, Yamamoto N, Kamishita T, Kodake N, Miyazaki T, Kohara M. Intranasally Inoculated SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Combined with Mucoadhesive Polymer Induces Broad and Long-Lasting Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:794. [PMID: 39066433 PMCID: PMC11281581 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12070794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Current mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 effectively induce systemic and cell-mediated immunity and prevent severe disease. However, they do not induce mucosal immunity that targets the primary route of respiratory infection, and their protective effects wane after a few months. Intranasal vaccines have some advantages, including their non-invasiveness and the additional ability to activate mucosal immunity. In this study, we aimed to explore the effectiveness of an intranasally inoculated spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 mixed with a carboxy-vinyl polymer (S-CVP), a viscous agent. Intranasally inoculated S-CVP strongly induced antigen-specific IgG, including neutralizing antibodies, in the mucosal epithelium and serum and cellular immunity compared to the spike protein mixed with aluminum potassium sulfate. Furthermore, IgA production was detected only with S-CVP vaccination. S-CVP-inoculation in mice significantly suppressed the viral load and inflammation in the lung and protected mice against SARS-CoV-2 challenges, including an early circulating strain and the Omicron BA.1 variant in a manner dependent on CD8+ cells and monocytes/neutrophils. Surprisingly, high antibody responses and protective effects against multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2, including Omicron BA.5, persisted for at least 15 months after the S-CVP immunization. Hence, we propose intranasal inoculation with S-CVP as a promising vaccine strategy against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Honda
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (T.H.)
| | - Sakiko Toyama
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (T.H.)
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Matsumoto
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (T.H.)
| | - Takahiro Sanada
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (T.H.)
| | - Fumihiko Yasui
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (T.H.)
| | - Aya Koseki
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (T.H.)
| | - Risa Kono
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (T.H.)
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (T.H.)
| | | | | | | | - Michinori Kohara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (T.H.)
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Câmara RSB, Pereira IAG, Lage DP, Vale DL, Ludolf F, Cardoso MM, Freitas CS, Oliveira-da-Silva JA, Assis BPN, Chaves AT, Pimenta BL, Silva MGP, Tavares GSV, Galdino AS, Tupinambás U, Chávez-Fumagalli MA, Pascoal VPM, Eller MTC, Rocha MODC, Machado-de-Ávila RA, Gonçalves DU, Coelho EAF. Non-invasive urine-based ELISA using a recombinant Leishmania protein to diagnose tegumentary leishmaniasis. Acta Trop 2024; 258:107326. [PMID: 39029609 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
The diagnosis of tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) is hampered by variable sensitivity and/or specificity of the tests. Serological assays are suitable to diagnose visceral leishmaniasis (VL); however, they present low performance for the detection of TL cases. Additionally, blood collection to obtain patient serum represents a challenge, as it is an invasive and uncomfortable procedure, requiring laboratorial infrastructure and trained professionals. In this context, the present study proposed to evaluate patient urine to detect TL, given that this analyte has proven to be effective in ELISA experiments for the detection of VL cases. For this, a Leishmania protein called LiHyV, two specific B-cell epitopes derived from protein amino acid sequence, and a Leishmania antigenic extract (SLA) were used as antigens. A total of 215 paired urine and serum samples were evaluated, and results showed that, when serum was employed as an analyte, rLiHyV, Peptide1, Peptide2, and SLA presented a sensitivity of 85 %, 29 %, 58 %, and 31 %, respectively, and a specificity of 97.5 %, 98 %, 100 %, and 97.5 %, respectively, in the diagnosis of TL. When urine was used, rLiHyV, Peptide1, Peptide2, and SLA presented a sensitivity of 95 %, 74 %, 67 %, and 52 %, respectively, and a specificity of 100 %, 99 %, 98 %, and 86 %, respectively. In conclusion, preliminary data suggest that urine could be considered as an alternative biological sample for the detection of TL cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel S B Câmara
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Isabela A G Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniela P Lage
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danniele L Vale
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ludolf
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-110, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana M Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Camila S Freitas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João A Oliveira-da-Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bárbara P N Assis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais, Hospital Eduardo de Menezes, Belo Horizonte 30622-020, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana T Chaves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Breno L Pimenta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcela G P Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Grasiele S V Tavares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alexsandro S Galdino
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Brazil e INCT Biotecnologia Industrial, Divinópolis 35.501-296, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Unaí Tupinambás
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Miguel A Chávez-Fumagalli
- Computational Biology and Chemistry Research Group, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Urb. San José S/N, Umacollo, Arequipa 04000, Peru
| | - Vanessa P M Pascoal
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte 30190-009, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcela T C Eller
- Policlínica Municipal Doutor Roberto Shuffner, Teófilo Otoni 39803-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Manoel O da Costa Rocha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Machado-de-Ávila
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma 88806-000, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Denise U Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A F Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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153
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Krambrich J, Nguyen-Tien T, Pham-Thanh L, Dang-Xuan S, Andersson E, Höller P, Vu DT, Tran SH, Vu LT, Akaberi D, Ling J, Pettersson JHO, Hesson JC, Lindahl JF, Lundkvist Å. Study on the temporal and spatial distribution of Culex mosquitoes in Hanoi, Vietnam. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16573. [PMID: 39020003 PMCID: PMC11255287 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67438-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses transmitted by mosquitoes, including Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), present a substantial global health threat. JEV is transmitted by mosquitoes in the genus Culex, which are common in both urban and rural areas in Vietnam. In 2020, we conducted a 1-year survey of Culex mosquito abundance in urban, suburban, and peri-urban areas of Hanoi using CDC-light traps. Mosquitoes were identified to species and sorted into pools based on species, sex, and trap location. The mosquito pools were also investigated by RT-qPCR for detection of JEV. In total, 4829 mosquitoes were collected over a total of 455 trap-nights, across 13 months. Collected mosquitoes included Culex, Aedes, Anopheles, and Mansonia species. Culex mosquitoes, primarily Cx. quinquefasciatus, predominated, especially in peri-urban areas. Most Culex mosquitoes were caught in the early months of the year. The distribution and abundance of mosquitoes exhibited variations across urban, suburban, and peri-urban sites, emphasizing the influence of environmental factors such as degree of urbanization, temperature and humidity on Culex abundance. No JEV was detected in the mosquito pools. This study establishes baseline knowledge of Culex abundance and temporal variation, which is crucial for understanding the potential for JEV transmission in Hanoi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Krambrich
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center (ZSC), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Thang Nguyen-Tien
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center (ZSC), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- International Livestock Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Long Pham-Thanh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center (ZSC), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- International Livestock Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Sinh Dang-Xuan
- International Livestock Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ella Andersson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center (ZSC), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrick Höller
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center (ZSC), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Duoc Trong Vu
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Son Hai Tran
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Lieu Thi Vu
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dario Akaberi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center (ZSC), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jiaxin Ling
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center (ZSC), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - John H-O Pettersson
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
- Clinical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jenny C Hesson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center (ZSC), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Biologisk Myggkontroll, Nedre Dalälvens Utvecklings AB, Gysinge, Sweden
| | - Johanna F Lindahl
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center (ZSC), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- International Livestock Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Animal Health and Antibiotic Strategies, Swedish Veterinary Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åke Lundkvist
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center (ZSC), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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154
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Li Q, Song M, Hu Z, Ding Y, Huang C, Liu J. Pediatric respiratory pathogen dynamics in Southern Sichuan, China: a retrospective analysis of gender, age, and seasonal trends. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1374571. [PMID: 39086626 PMCID: PMC11288815 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1374571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To address the research gap in the epidemiology of pediatric respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in Luzhou, Southern Sichuan, China, by analyzing respiratory pathogens in a large pediatric cohort from 2018 to 2021, covering the pre- and during-COVID-19 periods. Methods This study conducted a retrospective analysis of children with RTIs in Luzhou from July 2018 to January 2021. Strict exclusion criteria were applied to ensure an accurate representation of the pediatric population. Pathogen detection included viruses, bacteria, and atypical agents. Results Pathogens were identified in 52.8% of 12,546 cases. Viruses accounted for 32.2% of infections, bacteria for 29.8%, and atypical agents for 29.7%, with significant findings of Staphylococcus aureus, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Age-related analysis indicated a higher incidence of bacterial infections in infants and viral infections in preschool-aged children, with atypical pathogens being most prevalent in 3-5-year-olds. Gender-based analysis, adjusted for age, revealed similar overall pathogen presence; however, females were more susceptible to viral infections, while males were more prone to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Notably, there was an unusual increase in pathogen cases during spring, potentially influenced by behavioral changes and public health measures related to COVID-19. Co-infections were identified as a significant risk factor for the development of pneumonia. Conclusion The study provides essential insights into the epidemiology of respiratory pathogens in pediatric populations, emphasizing the need for healthcare strategies tailored to age, gender, and seasonality. The findings highlight the impact of environmental and public health factors, including COVID-19 measures, on respiratory pathogen prevalence, underscoring the importance of targeted diagnostic and treatment protocols in pediatric respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Min Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhi Hu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yinhuan Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chengliang Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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155
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Polat C, Erdin M, Kalkan ŞO, Irmak S, Çetintaş O, Çolak F, Kalkan KK, Çoğal M, Ölgen K, Sözen M, Matur F, Öktem İMA. Evaluating climate-dependent distribution of orthohantaviruses with monitoring wild rodents: One Health Perspective †. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01447-2. [PMID: 39012426 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01447-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Orthohantaviruses, cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, nephropathia epidemica, and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, are major public health problems all over the world. Wild rodent surveillance for orthohantaviruses is of great importance for the preparedness against these human infections and the prediction of possible outbreak regions. Thus, we aimed to screen orthohantaviruses in wild rodents in Southern Anatolia, where the area has some of the glacial period refugia in the Mediterranean Basin, and interpret their current epidemiology with climatic biovariables in comparison with previously positive regions.We trapped muroid rodents between 2015 and 2017, and screened for orthohantaviruses. Then, we evaluated the relationship between orthohantavirus infections and bioclimatic variables. In spite of the long-term and seasonal sampling, we found no evidence for Orthohantavirus infections. The probable absence of orthohantaviruses in the sampling area was further evaluated from the climatic perspective, and results led us suggest that Orthohantavirus epidemiology might be relatively dependent on precipitation levels in driest and warmest quarters, and temperature fluctuations.These initial data might provide necessary perspective on wild rodent surveillance for orthohantaviruses in other regions, and help to collect lacking data for a such habitat suitability study in a bigger scale in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceylan Polat
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye.
| | - Mert Erdin
- Department of Virology, Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Şaban Orçun Kalkan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Sercan Irmak
- Science and Technology Application and Research Center, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Türkiye
| | - Ortaç Çetintaş
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Türkiye
| | - Faruk Çolak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Türkiye
| | - Kürşat Kenan Kalkan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Türkiye
| | - Muhsin Çoğal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Türkiye
| | - Kirami Ölgen
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Letters, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Mustafa Sözen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Türkiye
| | - Ferhat Matur
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - İbrahim Mehmet Ali Öktem
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye.
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156
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Dhanashree B, Shenoy S. Clinical-Microbiological Study of Nontyphoidal Salmonella Infections from Karnataka, India. SCIENTIFICA 2024; 2024:6620871. [PMID: 39045390 PMCID: PMC11265940 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6620871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Background Nontyphoidal salmonella (NTS) are responsible for food-borne gastroenteritis and bacteremia, in immunosuppressed individuals. Antibiotic resistance in NTS is on the rise. This study reports the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of nontyphoidal salmonella in clinical samples. Study Design. This is a hospital record-based cross-sectional, retrospective study. Methods In our study, inpatient samples such as blood (n = 13546), urine (n = 11,333), pus (n = 1,010), and stool (n = 926) samples were cultured to isolate etiological agents in the microbiology department from January 2017 to June 2019. Relevant details such as duration of fever, platelet count, hemoglobin, WBC count, immune status, and mode of treatment were noted from the medical records. Data were analyzed, and continuous variables were expressed as mean and categorical variables as percentages. Results A total of 24 NTS serovars were isolated, which included ten isolates from blood, five each from urine and pus, and four from stool samples. Of the NTS, five were Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, three were S.enterica serovar Typhimurium, one was S.enterica subsp. diarizonae, and 15 S.enterica serovars could not be serologically differentiated. All were susceptible to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and cefuroxime. However, 16.6% of NTS was resistant to ceftriaxone, 4% to cotrimoxazole, 58% to ciprofloxacin, and 75% to nalidixic acid. Conclusions A low prevalence of NTS responsible for invasive infections is seen in this part of the country. Few isolates were resistant to more than one antibiotic. A higher rate of resistance to ceftriaxone is the cause of concern. Awareness of the distribution of NTS serogroups is of epidemiological and public health significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biranthabail Dhanashree
- Department of MicrobiologyKasturba Medical College MangaloreManipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Shalini Shenoy
- Department of MicrobiologyKasturba Medical College MangaloreManipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
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157
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Jiang L, Zhao Q, Li D, Gao J, Zhang X, Shu Q, Han X. Fulminant fatal pneumonia and bacteremia due to Aeromonas dhakensis in an immunocompetent man: a case report and literature review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1359422. [PMID: 39077434 PMCID: PMC11284091 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1359422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Aeromonas dhakensis is associated with soft tissue infection, bacteremia and gastroenteritis. Involvement of respiratory system in adults is extremely rare. We report a case of fulminant pneumonia and bacteremia due to A. dhakensis in a patient without underlying diseases. Case presentation A 26-year-old man became ill suddenly with pneumonia after swimming in a river. Despite intensive support measures in the intensive care unit, he died 13 hours after admission and 4 days after his first symptoms. Autopsy showed abundant Gram-negative bacteria, massive inflammatory cell infiltration, edema, necrosis and hemorrhage in lung tissue. A. dhakensis was isolated from blood culture taken at admission and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) after intubation. Moreover, A. dhakensis was also detected in lung tissue by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) assay. The infection may have come from river water. Conclusion In patients who develop a fulminant pneumonia after contacting an aquatic environment, A. dhakensis should be alerted and mNGS may aid in the detection of aquatic pathogens by being more sensitive and specific versus traditional bacterial culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiquan Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The People’s Hospital of Dazu, Chongqing, China
| | - Dairong Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Gao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Shu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Han
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Gheorghe-Barbu I, Surleac M, Barbu IC, Paraschiv S, Bănică LM, Rotaru LI, Vrâncianu CO, Niță Lazăr M, Oțelea D, Chifiriuc MC. Decoding the resistome, virulome and mobilome of clinical versus aquatic Acinetobacter baumannii in southern Romania. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33372. [PMID: 39035534 PMCID: PMC11259834 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii, a notorious opportunistic pathogen, presents a formidable challenge in both clinical and environmental fields due to its resilience and ability to acquire resistance. This study undertook a comprehensive analysis of 183 A. baumannii isolates collected between 2019 and 2022 from intra-hospital infections (IHI), hospital sewages (Hs), wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), and adjacent river waters from two Southern cities, focusing on their resistome, virulome, and mobilome through isolation on chromogenic media, identification by MALDI-TOF-MS and antibiotic susceptibility testing by disk diffusion) followed by genotypic characterization [Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS), 3rd generation sequencing through the MinION (ONT) platform, pangenome description, and respectively horizontal gene transfer through conjugation assays]. Our findings reveal significant genomic plasticity and the prevalence of high-risk international clones, underlining the potential of these isolates to act as reservoirs for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that could be dynamically exchanged between clinical and environmental settings through mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as the pMAL1 plasmids and the critical role of WWTPs in the persistence and spread of A. baumannii. Moreover, our study presents the first report of the co-occurrence of bla OXA-23 and bla OXA-72 in A. baumannii ST2 clone. Thus, our research underscores the necessity for integrated surveillance and targeted interventions across healthcare and environmental sectors to mitigate the risk posed by this adaptable pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Gheorghe-Barbu
- Department of Microbiology and Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marius Surleac
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, “Matei Balș’‘, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ilda Czobor Barbu
- Department of Microbiology and Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Paraschiv
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, “Matei Balș’‘, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Liviu-Iulian Rotaru
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corneliu Ovidiu Vrâncianu
- Department of Microbiology and Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 296 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Niță Lazăr
- National Institute for Research and Development for Industrial Ecology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dan Oțelea
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, “Matei Balș’‘, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
- Department of Microbiology and Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
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159
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Arango-Franco CA, Rojas J, Firacative C, Migaud M, Agudelo CI, Franco JL, Casanova JL, Puel A, Lizarazo J, Castañeda E, Arias AA. Autoantibodies Neutralizing GM-CSF in HIV-Negative Colombian Patients Infected with Cryptococcus gattii and C. neoformans. J Clin Immunol 2024; 44:163. [PMID: 39008214 PMCID: PMC11249431 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-024-01757-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening disease caused by Cryptococcus neoformans or C. gattii. Neutralizing autoantibodies (auto-Abs) against granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in otherwise healthy adults with cryptococcal meningitis have been described since 2013. We searched for neutralizing auto-Abs in sera collected from Colombian patients with non-HIV-associated cryptococcosis in a retrospective national cohort from 1997 to 2016. METHODS We reviewed clinical and laboratory records and assessed the presence of neutralizing auto-Abs against GM-CSF in 30 HIV negative adults with cryptococcosis (13 caused by C. gattii and 17 caused by C. neoformans). RESULTS We detected neutralizing auto-Abs against GM-CSF in the sera of 10 out of 13 (77%) patients infected with C. gattii and one out of 17 (6%) patients infected with C. neoformans. CONCLUSIONS We report eleven Colombian patients diagnosed with cryptococcosis who had auto-Abs that neutralize GM-CSF. Among these patients, ten were infected with C. gattii and only one with C. neoformans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Arango-Franco
- Group of Inborn Errors of Immunity (Primary Immunodeficiencies), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Medellín, Colombia.
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases. Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.
| | - Julian Rojas
- Group of Inborn Errors of Immunity (Primary Immunodeficiencies), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Medellín, Colombia
| | - Carolina Firacative
- Studies in Translational Microbiology and Emerging Diseases (MICROS) Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mélanie Migaud
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases. Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | | | - José Luis Franco
- Group of Inborn Errors of Immunity (Primary Immunodeficiencies), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases. Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Pediatric Hematology and Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Anne Puel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases. Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jairo Lizarazo
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Erasmo Meoz, University of Pamplona, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | | | - Andrés A Arias
- Group of Inborn Errors of Immunity (Primary Immunodeficiencies), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Medellín, Colombia.
- School of Microbiology, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Medellin, Colombia.
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160
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Imai K, Kodana M, Omachi R, Inoue T, Okada H, Maeda T. A fatal case of peritonitis caused by Dysgonomonas capnocytophagoides harboring the novel metallo-beta-lactamase gene bla DYB-1. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 147:107174. [PMID: 39009111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysgonomonas capnocytophagoides shows multidrug resistance to antibiotics and causes opportunistic infections in immunocompromised hosts. The drug resistance mechanisms of D. capnocytophagoides have not yet been identified. In this work, we analyzed D. capnocytophagoides isolated from a fatal case of peritonitis to clarify its drug resistance mechanisms. Whole genome sequencing revealed that our isolate harbored a chromosomally encoded metallo-beta-lactamase (designated blaDYB-1) and a chromosomally encoded ermFS gene. Phylogenetic analysis, primary sequence comparison, and structural modeling analysis of DYB-1 showed it was highly similar to CfiA in Bacteroides fragilis and belonged to the B1 MBL family. Transformation analysis into Escherichia coli TOP10 showed that a recombinant plasmid containing blaDYB-1 increased the minimum inhibitory concentration of beta-lactams, including carbapenem. We identified a novel chromosomally encoded class B1 metallo-beta-lactamase gene designated blaDYB-1 and an ermFS gene that contributed to multidrug resistance. This study indicates the importance of further surveillance for D. capnocytophagoides harboring blaDYB-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Imai
- Saitama Medical University, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Kodana
- Saitama Medical University, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryuha Omachi
- Saitama Medical University, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Inoue
- Saitama Medical University, Department of Nephrology, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Okada
- Saitama Medical University, Department of Nephrology, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takuya Maeda
- Saitama Medical University, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Saitama, Japan
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161
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Seok S, Mogi M, Lee Y. Resolving confusion in the native distribution of Aedes (Hulecoeteomyia) koreicus (Diptera: Culicidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 61:1077-1080. [PMID: 38847189 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjae078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies on invasive Aedes koreicus (Edwards 1917) have been conducted to elucidate the source population introduced to Europe. However, current information about the native range of Ae. koreicus is not consistent. The purpose of this study is to resolve confusion in the native distribution of Ae. koreicus by reviewing available literature from the first description of the species in its native range in 1917 to the first invasion in Europe in 2008. Aedes koreicus have been recorded in China, Japan, Korea, and eastern Russia. The 2 existing records of Ae. koreicus from Hokkaido, Japan, however, is likely due to the misidentification of 2 different morphologically similar species, Ae. koreicoides (Sasa, Kano & Hayashi 1950) and Aedes japonicus (Theobald 1901). Upon re-examination of published records, we conclude that the native distribution of Ae. koreicus is confined to continental eastern Asian regions, specifically China, Korea, and eastern Russia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo Seok
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL, USA
| | - Motoyoshi Mogi
- Division of Parasitology, Saga University, Nabeshima, Saga, Japan
| | - Yoosook Lee
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL, USA
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162
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Du Z, Liu C, Bai Y, Wang L, Lim WW, Lau EHY, Cowling BJ. Predicting Efficacies of Fractional Doses of Vaccines by Using Neutralizing Antibody Levels: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e49812. [PMID: 39012087 PMCID: PMC11259582 DOI: 10.2196/49812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants that have eluded immunity from vaccines and prior infections, vaccine shortages and vaccine effectiveness pose unprecedented challenges for governments in expanding booster vaccination programs. The fractionation of vaccine doses might be an effective strategy for helping society to face these challenges, as fractional doses may have efficacies comparable with those of the standard doses. Objective This study aims to investigate the relationship between vaccine immunogenicity and protection and to project efficacies of fractional doses of vaccines for COVID-19 by using neutralizing antibody levels. Methods In this study, we analyzed the relationship between in vitro neutralization levels and the observed efficacies against both asymptomatic infection and symptomatic infection, using data from 13 studies of 10 COVID-19 vaccines and from convalescent cohorts. We further projected efficacies for fractional doses, using neutralization as an intermediate variable, based on immunogenicity data from 51 studies included in our systematic review. Results In comparisons with the convalescent level, vaccine efficacy against asymptomatic infection and symptomatic infection increased from 8.8% (95% CI 1.4%-16.1%) to 71.8% (95% CI 63%-80.7%) and from 33.6% (95% CI 23.6%-43.6%) to 98.6% (95% CI 97.6%-99.7%), respectively, as the mean neutralization level increased from 0.1 to 10 folds of the convalescent level. Additionally, mRNA vaccines provided the strongest protection, which decreased slowly for fractional dosing with dosages between 50% and 100% of the standard dose. We also observed that although vaccine efficacy increased with the mean neutralization level, the rate of this increase was slower for vaccine efficacy against asymptomatic infection than for vaccine efficacy against symptomatic infection. Conclusions Our results are consistent with studies on immune protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Based on our study, we expect that fractional-dose vaccination could provide partial immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for the efficacy of fractional-dose vaccines, serving as reference evidence for implementing fractional dosing vaccine policies in areas facing vaccine shortages and thereby mitigating disease burden. Fractional-dose vaccination could be a viable vaccination strategy comparable to full-dose vaccination and deserves further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanwei Du
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited (D24H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)
| | - Caifen Liu
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited (D24H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)
| | - Yuan Bai
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited (D24H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Wey Wen Lim
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)
| | - Eric H Y Lau
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited (D24H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)
| | - Benjamin J Cowling
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited (D24H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)
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163
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Casale R, Boattini M, Comini S, Bastos P, Corcione S, De Rosa FG, Bianco G, Costa C. Clinical and microbiological features of positive blood culture episodes caused by non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli other than Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species (2020-2023). Infection 2024:10.1007/s15010-024-02342-6. [PMID: 38990473 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-024-02342-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii complex are pathogens of interest due to their ability to cause health-care associated infections and display complex drug resistance phenotypes. However, their clinical and microbiological landscape is still poorly characterized. METHODS Observational retrospective study including all hospitalized patients presenting with a positive positive blood culture (BC) episode caused by less common NFGNB over a four-year period (January 2020-December 2023). Clinical-microbiological features and factors associated with mortality were investigated. RESULTS Sixty-six less common NFGNB isolates other than Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species causing 63 positive BC episodes were recovered from 60 patients. Positive BC episodes were predominantly sustained by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (49.2%) followed by Achromobacter species (15.9%) that exhibited the most complex resistance phenotype. Positive BC episodes had bloodstream infection criteria in 95.2% of cases (60 out 63), being intravascular device (30.2%) and respiratory tract (19.1%) the main sources of infection. Fourteen-day, 30-day, and in-hospital mortality rates were 6.4%, 9.5%, and 15.9%, respectively. The longer time from admission to the positive BC episode, older age, diabetes, admission due to sepsis, and higher Charlson Comorbidity Index were identified as the main predictors of in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS Positive BC episodes sustained by NFGNB other than Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species were predominantly sustained by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Achromobacter species, having bloodstream infection criteria in the vast majority of cases. Factors that have emerged to be associated with mortality highlighted how these species may have more room in prolonged hospitalisation and at the end of life for patients with chronic organ diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Casale
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Corso Bramante 88/90, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Matteo Boattini
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Corso Bramante 88/90, Turin, 10126, Italy.
- Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Sara Comini
- Operative Unit of Clinical Pathology, Carlo Urbani Hospital, Jesi, 60035, Italy
| | - Paulo Bastos
- Department of Medical and Clinical Pharmacology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Silvia Corcione
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, Turin, 10124, Italy
| | - Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, Turin, 10124, Italy
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Cardinal Massaia Hospital, Asti, 14100, Italy
| | - Gabriele Bianco
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Salento, Via Provinciale Monteroni n. 165, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Cristina Costa
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Corso Bramante 88/90, Turin, 10126, Italy
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164
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Fujii Y, Tsugawa T, Fukuda Y, Adachi S, Honjo S, Akane Y, Kondo K, Sakai Y, Tanaka T, Sato T, Higasidate Y, Kubo N, Mori T, Kato S, Hamada R, Kikuchi M, Tahara Y, Nagai K, Ohara T, Yoshida M, Nakata S, Noguchi A, Kikuchi W, Hamada H, Tokutake-Hirose S, Fujimori M, Muramatsu M. Molecular evolutionary analysis of novel NSP4 mono-reassortant G1P[8]-E2 rotavirus strains that caused a discontinuous epidemic in Japan in 2015 and 2018. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1430557. [PMID: 39050631 PMCID: PMC11266183 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1430557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In the 2010s, several unusual rotavirus strains emerged, causing epidemics worldwide. This study reports a comprehensive molecular epidemiological study of rotaviruses in Japan based on full-genome analysis. From 2014 to 2019, a total of 489 rotavirus-positive stool specimens were identified, and the associated viral genomes were analyzed by next-generation sequencing. The genotype constellations of those strains were classified into nine patterns (G1P[8] (Wa), G1P[8]-E2, G1P[8] (DS-1), G2P[4] (DS-1), G3P[8] (Wa), G3P[8] (DS-1), G8P[8] (DS-1), G9P[8] (Wa), and G9P[8]-E2). The major prevalent genotype differed by year, comprising G8P[8] (DS-1) (37% of that year's isolates) in 2014, G1P[8] (DS-1) (65%) in 2015, G9P[8] (Wa) (72%) in 2016, G3P[8] (DS-1) (66%) in 2017, G1P[8]-E2 (53%) in 2018, and G9P[8] (Wa) (26%) in 2019. The G1P[8]-E2 strains (G1-P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E2-H1) isolated from a total of 42 specimens in discontinuous years (2015 and 2018), which were the newly-emerged NSP4 mono-reassortant strains. Based on the results of the Bayesian evolutionary analyses, G1P[8]-E2 and G9P[8]-E2 were hypothesized to have been generated from distinct independent inter-genogroup reassortment events. The G1 strains detected in this study were classified into multiple clusters, depending on the year of detection. A comparison of the predicted amino acid sequences of the VP7 epitopes revealed that the G1 strains detected in different years encoded VP7 epitopes harboring distinct mutations. These mutations may be responsible for immune escape and annual changes in the prevalent strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Fujii
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsugawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuya Fukuda
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shuhei Adachi
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Saho Honjo
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yusuke Akane
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kenji Kondo
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Sakai
- Department of Pediatrics, Hakodate Municipal Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toju Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Medical Center, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshiya Sato
- Department of Pediatrics, Iwamizawa Municipal General Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Higasidate
- Department of Pediatrics, Japan Community Health Care Organization Sapporo Hokushin Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Noriaki Kubo
- Department of Pediatrics, Japan Red Cross Urakawa Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Mori
- Department of Pediatrics, NTT Medical Center Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Rumoi City Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ryo Hamada
- Department of Pediatrics, Rumoi City Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kikuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Sunagawa City Medical Center, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasuo Tahara
- Department of Pediatrics, Steel Memorial Muroran Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazushige Nagai
- Department of Pediatrics, Takikawa Municipal Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshio Ohara
- Department of Pediatrics, Tomakomai City Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masaki Yoshida
- Department of Pediatrics, Yakumo General Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Atsuko Noguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Wakako Kikuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Hamada
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shoko Tokutake-Hirose
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Makoto Fujimori
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masamichi Muramatsu
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Infectious Disease Research, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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165
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Ogawa M, Matsutani M, Katayama T, Takada N, Noda S, Takahashi M, Kageyama D, Hanaoka N, Ebihara H. Discovery of a novel spotted fever group Rickettsia, "Candidatus Rickettsia kedanie," in unfed larval chigger mites, Leptotrombidium scutellare. Microbiol Immunol 2024. [PMID: 38977291 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsia, the causative agent of SFG rickettsiosis, is predominantly carried by ticks, whereas Orientia tsutusgamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus, is primarily transmitted by chigger mites in Japan. In this study, we attempted to isolate intracellular eubacteria from Leptotrombidium scutellare, a major vector of O. tsutsugamushi; moreover, we isolated an SFG rickettsia using a mosquito-derived cell line. Draft genome sequences of this unique isolate, by applying criteria for species delimitation, classified this isolate as a novel strain, proposed as "Rickettsia kedanie." Further genetic analysis identified conserved virulence factors, and the isolate successfully propagated in mammalian cells, suggesting its ability to cause diseases in humans. The presence of SFG rickettsia in unfed larvae implies potential dual-pathogen carriage and reflects a symbiotic relationship similar to that between the mites and O. tsutsugamushi, indicating possibility of its transovarial transmission from female adults. Furthermore, conserved genomic similarity of the novel isolate to known SFG rickettsia suggests potential multiple hosts, including chiggers and ticks. In the natural environment, ticks, chigger mites, and wild animals may carry new isolates, complicating the infection cycle and increasing the transmission risks to humans. This discovery challenges the conventional association of SFG rickettsia with ticks, emphasizing its implications for research and disease control. However, this study was confined to a particular species of chigger mites and geographic area, underscoring the necessity for additional studies to comprehend the ecological dynamics, host interactions, and health implications linked to this newly identified SFG rickettsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiko Ogawa
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minenosuke Matsutani
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Abashiri, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takashi Katayama
- Planning and Information Division, Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Chigasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Takada
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Shinichi Noda
- Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Mamoru Takahashi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kageyama
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nozomu Hanaoka
- Center for Emergency Preparedness and Response, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Ebihara
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Han Y, Zhu J, Liu J, Zheng Y, Liang G, Yang Y, Yu L, Yu Z, Han G. Adequacy of the Dosing and Infusion Time of Ceftazidime/Avibactam for the Treatment of Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections: A PK/PD Simulation Study. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:2823-2832. [PMID: 39005857 PMCID: PMC11244631 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s469313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent studies suggested the potential benefits of extended infusion times to optimize the treatment efficacy of ceftazidime/avibactam, which indicated that the current pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target may not be sufficient, especially for severe infections. The purpose of this study is to assess the adequacy of dosing strategies and infusion durations of ceftazidime/avibactam when applying higher PK/PD targets. Methods This study utilized published PK parameters to conduct Monte Carlo simulations. Different dosages including the recommended regimen based on renal function were simulated and evaluated by the probability of target attainment (PTA) and cumulative fraction of response (CFR). Different PK/PD targets were set for ceftazidime and avibactam. MIC distributions from various sources were used to calculate the CFR. Results Multiple PK/PD targets have been set in this study, All recommended dosage could easily achieve the target of 50%fT ≥ MIC (ceftazidime) and 50%fT ≥ CT=1.0 mg/L (avibactam). However, for severe infection patients with normal renal function and augmented renal clearance at the recommended dosage (2000 mg/500 mg, every 8 hours), the infusion duration needs to be extended to 3 hours and 4 hours to achieve the targets of 100%fT ≥ MIC and 100%fT ≥ CT=1.0 mg/L. Only continuous infusion at higher dosages achieved 100%fT ≥ 4×MIC and 100%fT ≥ CT=4.0 mg/L targets to all currently recommended regimens. According to the varying MIC distributions, higher concentrations are needed for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with the attainment rates vary across different regions. Conclusion The current recommended dosing regimen of ceftazidime/avibactam is insufficient for severe infection patients, and continuous infusion is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Han
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianping Zhu
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jieqiong Liu
- The 903rd Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zheng
- The 903rd Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Liang
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingyan Yu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenwei Yu
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Han
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Asare Yeboah EE, Agyepong N, Mbanga J, Amoako DG, Abia ALK, Ismail A, Owusu-Ofori A, Essack SY. Genomic characterization of multi drug resistant ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolates from patients and patient environments in a teaching hospital in Ghana. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:250. [PMID: 38978012 PMCID: PMC11229298 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03406-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ESBL-producing Escherichia coli pose a growing health risk in community and healthcare settings. We investigated the resistome, virulome, mobilome, and genetic relatedness of multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli isolates from patients and their environment in a Ghanaian teaching hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-three MDR ESBL-producing or carbapenem-resistant E. coli isolates from a collection of MDR Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) from patients and environments were selected for genomic analyses. Whole genome sequencing and bioinformatics tools were used to analyze genomic characteristics and phylogeny. RESULTS The prevalence and incidence of rectal carriage of ESBL E. coli among patients were 13.65% and 11.32% respectively. The β-lactamase genes, blaTEM-1B (10 isolates) and blaCTX-M-15 (12 isolates) were commonly associated with IncFIB plasmid replicons and co-occurred with aminoglycoside, macrolide, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim resistance. Insertion sequences, transposons, and class I integrons were found with blaCTX-M-15. Carriage and environmental isolates carried multiple virulence genes, with terC being the most prevalent in 21 isolates. Seventeen sequence types (STs) were identified, including a novel ST (ST13846). Phylogenetic analysis grouped the isolates into four main clusters, with one outlier. High genetic relatedness was observed between two carriage isolates of ST940 and between a carriage isolate and an environmental isolate of ST648. Isolates with different STs, collected at different times and locations, also showed genetic similarities. CONCLUSION We identified ESBL-producing E. coli with diverse genomic characteristics circulating in different hospital directorates. Clonal relatedness was observed among isolates from patients and the environment, as well as between different patients, suggesting transmission within and between sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Eyram Asare Yeboah
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Central University, P.O.Box 2305, Miotso, Ghana.
| | - Nicholas Agyepong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunyani Technical University, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Joshua Mbanga
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Applied Biology & Biochemistry, National University of Science and Technology, P Bag AC939, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| | - Daniel Gyamfi Amoako
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Integrative Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Akebe Luther King Abia
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Environmental Research Foundation, Westville, 3630, South Africa
| | - Arshad Ismail
- Sequencing Core Facility, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, 2131, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Tohoyandou, 0950, South Africa
| | - Alexander Owusu-Ofori
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, Laboratory Services Directorate, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Sabiha Yusuf Essack
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Yamashita S, Uruma K, Yang C, Higa Y, Minakawa N, Cuamba N, Futami K. The origin and insecticide resistance of Aedes albopictus mosquitoes established in southern Mozambique. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:292. [PMID: 38978086 PMCID: PMC11229193 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06375-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Aedes albopictus mosquito is of medical concern due to its ability to transmit viral diseases, such as dengue and chikungunya. Aedes albopictus originated in Asia and is now present on all continents, with the exception of Antarctica. In Mozambique, Ae. albopictus was first reported in 2015 within the capital city of Maputo, and by 2019, it had become established in the surrounding area. It was suspected that the mosquito population originated in Madagascar or islands of the Western Indian Ocean (IWIO). The aim of this study was to determine its origin. Given the risk of spreading insecticide resistance, we also examined relevant mutations in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel (VSSC). METHODS Eggs of Ae. albopictus were collected in Matola-Rio, a municipality adjacent to Maputo, and reared to adults in the laboratory. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences and microsatellite loci were analyzed to estimate origins. The presence of knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations within domain II and III of the VSSC were examined using Sanger sequencing. RESULTS The COI network analysis denied the hypothesis that the Ae. albopictus population originated in Madagascar or IWIO; rather both the COI network and microsatellites analyses showed that the population was genetically similar to those in continental Southeast Asia and Hangzhou, China. Sanger sequencing determined the presence of the F1534C knockdown mutation, which is widely distributed among Asian populations, with a high allele frequency (46%). CONCLUSIONS These results do not support the hypothesis that the Mozambique Ae. albopictus population originated in Madagascar or IWIO. Instead, they suggest that the origin is continental Southeast Asia or a coastal town in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Yamashita
- School of Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Kawane Uruma
- School of Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1-23-1, Shinkuku-Ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yukiko Higa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1-23-1, Shinkuku-Ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Noboru Minakawa
- Department of Vector Ecology & Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Nelson Cuamba
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, C.P. 264, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Kyoko Futami
- Department of Vector Ecology & Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
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Machida M, Fukushima S, Tabuchi T, Nakaya T, Fukushima W, Inoue S. Regional disparities in measles vaccination coverage and their associated factors: an ecological study in Japan. J Epidemiol 2024:JE20240129. [PMID: 38972730 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20240129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The decline in measles vaccination coverage is a global concern. In Japan, coverage of the first-dose of measles vaccine, which had exceeded the target of 95.0% since fiscal year (FY) 2010, fell to 93.5% in FY 2021. Vaccination coverage increased to 95.4% in FY 2022 but varied by municipality. Few studies have focused on regional disparities in measles vaccination coverage. This study aimed to clarify the regional disparities in measles vaccination coverage by municipality in Japan and their associated factors. METHODS In this ecological study, the measles vaccination coverage in FY 2022; population density; area deprivation index (ADI, an indicator of socioeconomic status); proportion of foreign nationals, single-father households, single-mother households, and mothers aged ≥30 years; and number of medical facilities, pediatricians, and non-pediatric medical doctors in 1,698 municipalities were extracted from Japanese government statistics. Negative binomial regression was performed with the number of children vaccinated against measles as the dependent variable, number of children eligible for measles vaccination as the offset term, and other factors as independent variables. RESULTS Vaccination coverage was less than 95.0% in 54.3% of municipalities. Vaccination coverage was significantly positively associated with population density and negatively associated with the proportion of single-father households, mothers aged ≥30 years, and the ADI (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 1.004, 0.976, 0.999, 0.970, respectively). CONCLUSION This study showed regional disparities in measles vaccination coverage in Japan. Single-father households, age of mothers, and socioeconomic status may be key factors when municipalities consider strategies to improve vaccination coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Machida
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Tokyo Medical University Hospital
| | | | - Takahiro Tabuchi
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tomoki Nakaya
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University
| | - Wakaba Fukushima
- Department of Public Health, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shigeru Inoue
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University
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Kamali Z, Esmaeil N, Thio CHL, Vaez A, Snieder H. Pathway-Based Mendelian Randomization for Pre-Infection IL-6 Levels Highlights Its Role in Coronavirus Disease. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:889. [PMID: 39062668 PMCID: PMC11275426 DOI: 10.3390/genes15070889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels at hospital admission have been suggested for disease prognosis, and IL-6 antagonists have been suggested for the treatment of patients with severe COVID-19. However, less is known about the relationship between pre-COVID-19 IL-6 levels and the risk of severe COVID-19. To fill in this gap, here we extensively investigated the association of genetically instrumented IL-6 pathway components with the risk of severe COVID-19. METHODS We used a two-sample Mendelian randomization study design and retrieved genetic instruments for blood biomarkers of IL-6 activation, including IL-6, soluble IL-6 receptor, IL-6 signal transducer, and CRP, from respective large available GWASs. To establish associations of these instruments with COVID-19 outcomes, we used data from the Host Genetics Initiative and GenOMICC studies. RESULTS Our analyses revealed inverse associations of genetically instrumented levels of IL-6 and its soluble receptor with the risk of developing severe disease (OR = 0.60 and 0.94, respectively). They also demonstrated a positive association of severe disease with the soluble signal transducer level (OR = 1.13). Only IL-6 associations with severe COVID-19 outcomes reached the significance threshold corrected for multiple testing (p < 0.003; with COVID-19 hospitalization and critical illness). CONCLUSIONS These potential causal relationships for pre-COVID-19 IL-6 levels with the risk of developing severe symptoms provide opportunities for further evaluation of these factors as prognostic/preventive markers of severe COVID-19. Further studies will need to clarify whether the higher risk for a severe disease course with lower baseline IL-6 levels may also extend to other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoha Kamali
- Department of Bioinformatics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (9713 GZ), P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands (H.S.)
| | - Nafiseh Esmaeil
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran;
- Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Chris H. L. Thio
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (9713 GZ), P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands (H.S.)
| | - Ahmad Vaez
- Department of Bioinformatics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (9713 GZ), P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands (H.S.)
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (9713 GZ), P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands (H.S.)
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Rando E, Novy E, Sangiorgi F, De Pascale G, Fantoni M, Murri R, Roberts JA, Cotta MO. A Systematic Review of the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Novel Beta-Lactams and Beta-Lactam with Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor Combinations for the Treatment of Pneumonia Caused by Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2024; 64:107266. [PMID: 38971203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel beta-lactams show activity against many multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria that cause severe lung infections. Understanding pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic characteristics of these agents may help optimise outcomes in the treatment of pneumonia. OBJECTIVES To describe and appraise studies that report pulmonary pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data of cefiderocol, ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftolozane/tazobactam, imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam and meropenem/vaborbactam. METHODS MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Web of Science and Scopus libraries were used for the literature search. Pulmonary population pharmacokinetic and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies on adult patients receiving cefiderocol, ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftolozane/tazobactam, imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam, and meropenem/vaborbactam published in peer-reviewed journals were included. Two independent authors screened, reviewed and extracted data from included articles. A reporting guideline for clinical pharmacokinetic studies (ClinPK statement) was used for bias assessment. Relevant outcomes were included, such as population pharmacokinetic parameters and probability of target attainment of dosing regimens. RESULTS Twenty-four articles were included. There was heterogeneity in study methods and reporting of results, with diversity across studies in adhering to the ClinPK statement checklist. Ceftolozane/tazobactam was the most studied agent. Only two studies collected epithelial lining fluid samples from patients with pneumonia. All the other phase I studies enrolled healthy subjects. Significant population heterogeneity was evident among available population pharmacokinetic models. Probabilities of target attainment rates above 90% using current licensed dosing regiments were reported in most studies. CONCLUSIONS Although lung pharmacokinetics was rarely described, this review observed high target attainment using plasma pharmacokinetic data for all novel beta-lactams. Future studies should describe lung pharmacokinetics in patient populations at risk of carbapenem-resistant pathogen infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Rando
- Dipartimento di Sicurezza e Bioetica - Sezione di Malattie Infettive, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
| | - Emmanuel Novy
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France; SIMPA, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Flavio Sangiorgi
- Dipartimento di Sicurezza e Bioetica - Sezione di Malattie Infettive, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gennaro De Pascale
- Dipartimento di Scienza dell'Emergenza, Anestesiologiche e della Rianimazione, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Fantoni
- Dipartimento di Sicurezza e Bioetica - Sezione di Malattie Infettive, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Murri
- Dipartimento di Sicurezza e Bioetica - Sezione di Malattie Infettive, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Jason A Roberts
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Herston Infectious Diseases Institute (HeIDI), Metro North Health, Brisbane, Australia; Departments of Pharmacy and Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Division of Anaesthesiology Critical Care Emergency and Pain Medicine, Nîmes University Hospital, University of Montpellier, Nîmes, France
| | - Menino Osbert Cotta
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France; Herston Infectious Diseases Institute (HeIDI), Metro North Health, Brisbane, Australia
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Nauwelaers I, Van den Eynde C, Terryn S, Vandendriessche B, Willems W, Dekeukeleire D, Van Gucht S. Detection and Serological Evidence of European Bat Lyssavirus 1 in Belgian Bats between 2016 and 2018. Trop Med Infect Dis 2024; 9:151. [PMID: 39058193 PMCID: PMC11281572 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed9070151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lyssaviruses are neurotropic viruses capable of inducing fatal encephalitis. While rabies virus has been successfully eradicated in Belgium, the prevalence of other lyssaviruses remains uncertain. In this study, we conducted a survey on live animals and passive surveillance to investigate the presence of lyssaviruses in Belgium. In 2018, a total of 113 saliva samples and 87 blood samples were collected from bats. Saliva was subjected to RT-qPCR to identify lyssavirus infections. Additionally, an adapted lyssavirus neutralisation assay was set up for the detection of antibodies neutralising EBLV-1 in blood samples. Furthermore, we examined 124 brain tissue samples obtained from deceased bats during passive surveillance between 2016 and 2018. All saliva samples tested negative for lyssaviruses. Analysis of the blood samples uncovered the presence of lyssavirus-neutralising antibodies in five bat species and 32% of samples with a wide range depending on bat species, suggesting past exposure to a lyssavirus. Notably, EBLV-1 was detected in brain tissue samples from two Eptesicus serotinus specimens collected in 2016 near Bertrix and 2017 near Étalle, confirming for the first time the presence of EBLV-1 in Belgium and raising awareness of the potential risks associated with this species of bats as reservoirs of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inne Nauwelaers
- Viral Diseases Unit, Sciensano, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (I.N.); (S.T.)
| | | | - Sanne Terryn
- Viral Diseases Unit, Sciensano, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (I.N.); (S.T.)
| | | | - Wout Willems
- Natuurpunt Studie, Vleermuizenwerkgroep, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium (W.W.)
| | - Daan Dekeukeleire
- Natuurpunt Studie, Vleermuizenwerkgroep, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium (W.W.)
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steven Van Gucht
- Viral Diseases Unit, Sciensano, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (I.N.); (S.T.)
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Zhang L, Yu F, Zhang Y, Li P. Implications of lncRNAs in Helicobacter pylori-associated gastrointestinal cancers: underlying mechanisms and future perspectives. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1392129. [PMID: 39035354 PMCID: PMC11257847 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1392129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a harmful bacterium that is difficult to conveniently diagnose and effectively eradicate. Chronic H. pylori infection increases the risk of gastrointestinal diseases, even cancers. Despite the known findings, more underlying mechanisms are to be deeply explored to facilitate the development of novel prevention and treatment strategies of H. pylori infection. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNAs with more than 200 nucleotides. They may be implicated in cell proliferation, inflammation and many other signaling pathways of gastrointestinal cancer progression. The dynamic expression of lncRNAs indicates their potential to be diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. In this paper, we comprehensively summarize the processes of H. pylori infection and the treatment methods, review the known findings of lncRNA classification and functional mechanisms, elucidate the roles of lncRNAs in H. pylori-related gastrointestinal cancer, and discuss the clinical perspectives of lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | | | | | - Peifeng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Yan J, Zhang Z, Shi H, Xue X, Li A, Ding P, Guo X, Wang J, Wang Y, Cao B. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Cross-Talk between the Flagellar Transcriptional Hierarchy and Secretion System in Plesiomonas shigelloides. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7375. [PMID: 39000482 PMCID: PMC11242183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Plesiomonas shigelloides, a Gram-negative bacillus, is the only member of the Enterobacteriaceae family able to produce polar and lateral flagella and cause gastrointestinal and extraintestinal illnesses in humans. The flagellar transcriptional hierarchy of P. shigelloides is currently unknown. In this study, we identified FlaK, FlaM, FliA, and FliAL as the four regulators responsible for polar and lateral flagellar regulation in P. shigelloides. To determine the flagellar transcription hierarchy of P. shigelloides, the transcriptomes of the WT and ΔflaK, ΔflaM, ΔfliA, and ΔfliAL were carried out for comparison in this study. Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) and luminescence screening assays were used to validate the RNA-seq results, and the Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) results revealed that FlaK can directly bind to the promoters of fliK, fliE, flhA, and cheY, while the FlaM protein can bind directly to the promoters of flgO, flgT, and flgA. Meanwhile, we also observed type VI secretion system (T6SS) and type II secretion system 2 (T2SS-2) genes downregulated in the transcriptome profiles, and the killing assay revealed lower killing abilities for ΔflaK, ΔflaM, ΔfliA, and ΔfliAL compared to the WT, indicating that there was a cross-talk between the flagellar hierarchy system and bacterial secretion system. Invasion assays also showed that ΔflaK, ΔflaM, ΔfliA, and ΔfliAL were less effective in infecting Caco-2 cells than the WT. Additionally, we also found that the loss of flagellar regulators causes the differential expression of some of the physiological metabolic genes of P. shigelloides. Overall, this study aims to reveal the transcriptional hierarchy that controls flagellar gene expression in P. shigelloides, as well as the cross-talk between motility, virulence, and physiological and metabolic activity, laying the groundwork for future research into P. shigelloides' coordinated survival in the natural environment and the mechanisms that infect the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiang Yan
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Zixu Zhang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hongdan Shi
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xinke Xue
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Peng Ding
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xi Guo
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jinzhong Wang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Ying Wang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Boyang Cao
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
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Selisana SMG, Chen X, Mahfudhoh E, Bowolaksono A, Rozaliyani A, Orihara K, Kajiwara S. Alteration of β-glucan in the emerging fungal pathogen Candida auris leads to immune evasion and increased virulence. Med Microbiol Immunol 2024; 213:13. [PMID: 38967888 PMCID: PMC11226559 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-024-00795-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Candida auris is an emerging pathogenic yeast that has been categorized as a global public health threat and a critical priority among fungal pathogens. Despite this, the immune response against C. auris infection is still not well understood. Hosts fight Candida infections through the immune system that recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns such as β-glucan, mannan, and chitin on the fungal cell wall. In this study, levels of β-glucan and mannan exposures in C. auris grown under different physiologically relevant stimuli were quantified by flow cytometry-based analysis. Lactate, hypoxia, and sublethal concentration of fluconazole trigger a decrease in surface β-glucan while low pH triggers an increase in β-glucan. There is no inverse pattern between exposure levels of β-glucan and mannan in the cell wall architecture among the three clades. To determine the effect of cell wall remodeling on the immune response, a phagocytosis assay was performed, followed by quantification of released cytokines by ELISA. Lactate-induced decrease in β-glucan leads to reduced uptake of C. auris by PMA-differentiated THP-1 and RAW 264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, reduced production of CCL3/MIP-1⍺ but not TNF-⍺ and IL-10 were observed. An in vivo infection analysis using silkworms reveals that a reduction in β-glucan triggers an increase in the virulence of C. auris. This study demonstrates that β-glucan alteration occurs in C. auris and serves as an escape mechanism from immune cells leading to increased virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiela Marie Gines Selisana
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Xinyue Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Eny Mahfudhoh
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Anom Bowolaksono
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, University of Indonesia, Depok, 16424, Indonesia
| | - Anna Rozaliyani
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Kanami Orihara
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Susumu Kajiwara
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan.
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176
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Mitsumoto-Kaseida F, Murata M, Ota K, Kaku N, Kosai K, Hasegawa H, Hayashi J, Yanagihara K. Comparison of the effectiveness of core genome multilocus sequence typing and polymerase chain reaction-based open reading frame typing in tracing nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus transmission. J Infect Chemother 2024:S1341-321X(24)00179-X. [PMID: 38969102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A clonal shift from staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type II/ST5 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to SCCmec type IV/clonal complex (CC)1 MRSA has occurred rapidly in Japan. Our previous research in a geriatric hospital found SCCmec type IV/CC1 MRSA prevalence in long-term care wards. Due to intensive personal care requirements, frequent contact with healthcare providers can potentially cause unintentional nosocomial MRSA transmission. We performed polymerase chain reaction-based open reading frame typing (POT) and core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) to investigate the occurrence of nosocomial transmission and to compare the results of these methods. METHODS POT and whole genome sequencing were performed in 83 MRSA isolates. Commercial automated software (Ridom SeqSphere+) was used to perform cgMLST. MRSA isolates with 0-8 allelic differences were considered related, and medical records were consulted in these cases. RESULTS SCCmec type IV/CC1 MRSA was the most frequently detected clone (n = 56, 67.5 %), which was divided into 14 POT types, followed by SCCmec type I/ST8 (n = 9) and SCCmec type IV/ST8 (n = 8). Identical POT types were found across 7 of 11 wards. However, cgMLST analysis identified only three cases (six strains) of high genetic similarity, indicating nosocomial transmission; only one involved SCCmec type IV/CC1 (two strains). The mean allelic difference in the core genomes between strains with identical POT types in the same ward was 55.3 ± 22.0. CONCLUSIONS The cgMLST method proved more effective for identifying nosocomial transmissions compared to POT, highlighting its utility in tracking MRSA spread in healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujiko Mitsumoto-Kaseida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan; Kyushu General Medicine Center, Haradoi Hospital, 6-40-8 Aoba, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 813-8588, Japan.
| | - Mika Murata
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Kenji Ota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Norihito Kaku
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Kosai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Hiroo Hasegawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Jun Hayashi
- Kyushu General Medicine Center, Haradoi Hospital, 6-40-8 Aoba, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 813-8588, Japan.
| | - Katsunori Yanagihara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
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177
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Cafarchia C, Mendoza-Roldan JA, Rhimi W, C I Ugochukwu I, Miglianti M, Beugnet F, Giuffrè L, Romeo O, Otranto D. Candida auris from the Egyptian cobra: Role of snakes as potential reservoirs. Med Mycol 2024; 62:myae056. [PMID: 38816207 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myae056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida auris represents one of the most urgent threats to public health, although its ecology remains largely unknown. Because amphibians and reptiles may present favorable conditions for C. auris colonization, cloacal and blood samples (n = 68), from several snake species, were cultured and molecularly screened for C. auris using molecular amplification of glycosylphosphatidylinositol protein-encoding genes and ribosomal internal transcribed spacer sequencing. Candida auris was isolated from the cloacal swab of one Egyptian cobra (Naja haje legionis) and molecularly identified in its cloaca and blood. The isolation of C. auris from wild animals is herein reported for the first time, thus suggesting the role that these animals could play as reservoirs of this emerging pathogen. The occurrence of C. auris in blood requires further investigation, although the presence of cationic antimicrobial peptides in the plasma of reptiles could play a role in reducing the vitality of the fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cafarchia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy , 70010
| | | | - Wafa Rhimi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy, 70010
| | - Iniobong C I Ugochukwu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy, 70010
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria, 410001
| | - Mara Miglianti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy, 70010
| | | | - Letterio Giuffrè
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy, 98122
| | - Orazio Romeo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy, 98122
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy, 70010
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 518057
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178
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Kaur H, Gupta P, Ahmad H, Shankarnarayan SA, Salunke P, Bansal D, Shah A, Tarai B, Patel K, Singla N, Samaddar A, Jain N, Ghosh A, Chakrabarti A, Rudramurthy SM. Clinical spectrum, phenotypic and molecular characterization, and antifungal susceptibility of an emerging human pathogen, Acrophialophora, from India. Med Mycol 2024; 62:myae061. [PMID: 38857886 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myae061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Acrophialophora is implicated in superficial and invasive infections, especially in immunosuppressed individuals. The present study was undertaken to provide clinical, microbiological, phylogenetic, and antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) profile of Acrophialophora isolated from India. All the isolates identified as Acrophialophora species at the National Culture Collection for Pathogenic Fungi, Chandigarh, India were revived. Phenotypic and molecular characterization was performed, followed by temperature studies, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and AFST. We also performed systematic review of all the cases of Acrophialophora species reported till date. A total of nine isolates identified as Acrophialophora species were identified by molecular method as A. fusispora (n = 8) and A. levis (n = 1), from brain abscess (n = 4), respiratory tract (n = 3), and corneal scraping (n = 2). All patients but two had predisposing factors/co-morbidities. Acrophialophora was identified as mere colonizer in one. Temperature studies and SEM divulged variation between both species. Sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA and beta-tubulin loci could distinguish species, while the LSU ribosomal DNA locus could not. AFST showed the lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for triazoles and the highest for echinocandins. Systematic literature review revealed 16 cases (11 studies), with ocular infections, pulmonary and central nervous system infections, and A. fusispora was common species. All the patients except three responded well. High MICs were noted for fluconazole, micafungin, and caspofungin. This is the first study delineating clinical, phenotypic, and genotypic characteristics of Acrophialophora species from India. The study highlights microscopic differences between both species and emphasizes the role of molecular methods in precise identification. Triazoles appear to be the most effective antifungals for managing patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsimran Kaur
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Parakriti Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Haseen Ahmad
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Pravin Salunke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Deepak Bansal
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | | | - Nidhi Singla
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arghadip Samaddar
- Department of Neuromicrobiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Neha Jain
- Soni Manipal Hospitals, Jaipur, India
| | - Anup Ghosh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Shivaprakash M Rudramurthy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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179
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Ze L, Shaohui S, Jinhai H, Hui G. Evaluation of the cross-protection of the Vero cell-derived attenuated influenza vaccines with compound adjuvant, through intranasal immunization. APMIS 2024. [PMID: 38961516 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
This study was to evaluate the sufficient safety and effect of the novel influenza vaccine program. It prepared new reassortant influenza virus, with high yield on Vero cells. According to the plaque counting, one dose LAIV was composed with 105 PFU of H1, H3, BY, and BV, respectively. Then mixed this LAIV with compound adjuvant, containing 500 μg/mL of carbopol971P and 50 μg/mL of tetanus toxin. That vaccination was called catt-flu. And it employed the GYZZ02 vaccine (commercialized freeze-dried LAIV, listed in China) as cohort analysis control. All mice received two doses of the vaccine, administered on days 0 and 14, respectively. That catt-flu program could induce more cross-protection with neutralizing antibody against heterogeneous types of influenza virus, not only based on HA but also NA protective antigen, through convenient nasal immunization, which had non-inferiority titter compared with the chicken embryo-derived GYZZ02 vaccine on safe and effect. The Vero cell-derived vaccine (LAIV) combined compound catt adjuvant (contain carbopol971P and tetanus toxin) could provide another safety and protective program of influenza vaccine by intranasal administration, as catt-flu program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Ze
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- The Zhongyi Anke Biotech Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Song Shaohui
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Huang Jinhai
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gao Hui
- The Zhongyi Anke Biotech Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China
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180
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Ren H, Liu T, Hou H, Qi X, Fang L, Yang Y, Ma R. Risk Factors and Effects of Climate Lag on Vibrio Parahaemolyticus Infection in Eastern Coastal Cities of China: A Study Based on Hangzhou City. Foods 2024; 13:2116. [PMID: 38998622 PMCID: PMC11241442 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial foodborne diseases caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus pose persistent challenges to coastal cities in China. In this study, we employed multiple logistic regression analysis and distributed lag non-linear models (DLNM) to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and associated risk factors of vibriosis in the metropolitan area of Hangzhou from 2014 to 2018. Analysis of foodborne cases indicated that certain demographics and occupational factors, including age between 16 and 44 years; houseworkers or unemployed individuals; preference for aquatic and meat products; and dining in collective canteens or catering services contribute to an increased likelihood of V. parahaemolyticus infection. Moreover, a higher per capita GDP and exposure to high temperatures were identified as risk factors for vibriosis. This study highlights the significance of the daily mean temperature as a meteorological factor influencing V. parahaemolyticus infection, with varying lag effects observed depending on temperature conditions. At low temperatures, the risk of infection occurs after a lag of 21 days, whereas at high temperatures, the risk is highest on the same day, while the second infection risk period occurs after a lag of 21 days. These findings provide a spatiotemporal perspective of the risk analysis of foodborne diseases, with a daily timescale and street spatial scale, which contributes to the development of public health strategies and food safety protocols in coastal cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangqi Ren
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Urban Wetlands and Regional Change, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (H.R.); (H.H.); (R.M.)
| | - Ting Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Urban Wetlands and Regional Change, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (H.R.); (H.H.); (R.M.)
| | - Hao Hou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Urban Wetlands and Regional Change, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (H.R.); (H.H.); (R.M.)
| | - Xiaojuan Qi
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China;
| | - Lei Fang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China;
| | - Yinyi Yang
- Institute of Science, Technology and Society, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Rong Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Urban Wetlands and Regional Change, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (H.R.); (H.H.); (R.M.)
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181
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Iqbal S, Qureshi S, Banday MS, Farooq S, Kashoo ZA, Gulzar M, Bhat MA, Pandit A, Hussain MI, Dar P, Badroo G, Hafiz M, Ud Din F, Mehraj J. Short Variable Regions flaA Gene (SVR-flaA) Diversity and Virulence Profile of Multidrug-Resistant Campylobacter from Poultry and Poultry Meat in India. J Food Prot 2024; 87:100308. [PMID: 38815809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Human gastrointestinal infections caused by Campylobacter species is the second most important foodborne illness after salmonellosis worldwide. Poultry represent one of the main sources of Campylobacter organisms. In the present study, the short variable region of flagellin gene (SVR-flaA) typing was carried out to determine the variation among the circulating strains of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. The C. jejuni and C. coli isolated from poultry and poultry meat were screened for the presence of virulence determinants like cadF, flaA, cdtB, and wlaN gene. The screening for wlaN gene is crucial in view of the fact that most patients with Guillian Barre's (GB) syndrome with a preceding history of diarrheal illness have been found to harbor wlaN gene-positive C jejuni strains. Out of the 200 samples comprising poultry meat and cloacal swabs, 21.5% of samples were found to harbor Campylobacter spp. of which 2.5% were Campylobacter jejuni, and 19% were confirmed as Campylobacter coli. The cadF, flaA, cdtB virulence genes were detected in all the Campylobacter spp. isolated in the present study. The presence of the wlaN gene in the Campylobacter jejuni isolated in the present study may pose a public health threat with long-term human health implications. The SVR-flaA typing of twelve Campylobacter isolates obtained in the present study revealed that Campylobacter coli flaA sequence OL471375 is a new strain with a novel allele type 1,675 and peptide sequence 5 which stands deposited in pubMLST database for Campylobacter. The other flaA-SVR gene sequences identified in this study were OL471369, OL471370, OL471371, OL471372, OL471373, and OL471374. Among twelve Campylobacter spp., three distinct DdeI-RFLP patterns were observed, each varying in size from 100 to 1,000 base pairs. Antimicrobial profiling of the Campylobacter spp. isolated in the present study revealed that 50% of the strains were multidrug resistant. All the Campylobacter spp. were resistant to ciprofloxacin (CIP), ampicillin (AMP), penicillin (PEN), and nalidixic acid (NAL) whereas 57.1% of strains were resistant to tetracycline (TET) and erythromycin (ERY) 28% to amoxicillin (AMX) and enrofloxacin (ENO), 85% to amikacin (AMK). The high degree of resistance to fluoroquinolones observed in the present study is crucial in view of fluoroquinolones being drugs of choice for the treatment of human Campylobacter infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Iqbal
- Shere Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), India
| | - Sabia Qureshi
- Campylobacter Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunology, FVSC &A.H Shuhama (Aulesteng) SKUAST-K, J&K 190006, India.
| | - Muddasir S Banday
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Soura, India
| | - Shaheen Farooq
- Campylobacter Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunology, FVSC &A.H Shuhama (Aulesteng) SKUAST-K, J&K 190006, India
| | - Zahid A Kashoo
- Campylobacter Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunology, FVSC &A.H Shuhama (Aulesteng) SKUAST-K, J&K 190006, India
| | - Maliha Gulzar
- Campylobacter Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunology, FVSC &A.H Shuhama (Aulesteng) SKUAST-K, J&K 190006, India
| | - M Altaf Bhat
- Campylobacter Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunology, FVSC &A.H Shuhama (Aulesteng) SKUAST-K, J&K 190006, India
| | - Arif Pandit
- Directorate of Research, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K 190025, India
| | - Md Isfaqul Hussain
- Campylobacter Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunology, FVSC &A.H Shuhama (Aulesteng) SKUAST-K, J&K 190006, India
| | - Pervaiz Dar
- Campylobacter Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunology, FVSC &A.H Shuhama (Aulesteng) SKUAST-K, J&K 190006, India
| | - Gulzar Badroo
- Campylobacter Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunology, FVSC &A.H Shuhama (Aulesteng) SKUAST-K, J&K 190006, India
| | - Mahrukh Hafiz
- Campylobacter Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunology, FVSC &A.H Shuhama (Aulesteng) SKUAST-K, J&K 190006, India
| | - Faheem Ud Din
- Campylobacter Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunology, FVSC &A.H Shuhama (Aulesteng) SKUAST-K, J&K 190006, India
| | - Junaid Mehraj
- Campylobacter Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunology, FVSC &A.H Shuhama (Aulesteng) SKUAST-K, J&K 190006, India
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Sun CQ, Fu YQ, Ma X, Shen JR, Hu B, Zhang Q, Wang LK, Hu R, Chen JJ. Trends in temporal and spatial changes of Japanese encephalitis in Chinese mainland, 2004-2019: A population-based surveillance study. Travel Med Infect Dis 2024; 60:102724. [PMID: 38692338 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2024.102724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a serious health concern in China, with approximately 80 % of global infections occurring in China. To develop effective prevention and control strategies, this study explored the epidemiological characteristics of JE in China based on spatiotemporal data, to understand the patterns and trends of JE incidence in different regions and time periods. METHOD The incidence and mortality rates of JE were extracted from the Public Health Data Center, the official website of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, and the National Notifiable Infectious Disease Surveillance System from 2004 to 2019. Joinpoint regression was applied to examine the spatiotemporal patterns and annual percentage change in incidence and mortality of the JE. RESULTS From 2004 to 2019, a total of 43,569 cases of JE were diagnosed, including 2081 deaths. The annual incidence rate of JE decreased from 0.4171/100,000 in 2004 to 0.0298/100,000 in 2019, with an annual percentage change (APC) of -13.5 % (P < 0.001). The annual mortality rate of JE showed three stages of change, with inflection points in 2006 and 2014. The incidence and mortality rates of JE have declined in all provinces of China, and more cases were reported in 0-14 years of age, accounting for nearly 80 % of all patients. CONCLUSIONS The morbidity and mortality rates of JE in China are generally on a downward trend, and emphasis should be placed on strengthening disease surveillance in special areas and populations, popularizing vaccination, and increasing publicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Qing Sun
- Department of College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, High-Tech Development Zone of States, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, High-Tech Development Zone of States, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Yun-Qiang Fu
- Department of College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, High-Tech Development Zone of States, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Xuan Ma
- Department of College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, High-Tech Development Zone of States, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Jun-Ru Shen
- Department of College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, High-Tech Development Zone of States, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Bo Hu
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, High-Tech Development Zone of States, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, High-Tech Development Zone of States, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Lian-Ke Wang
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, High-Tech Development Zone of States, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Rui Hu
- Department of College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, High-Tech Development Zone of States, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Jia-Jun Chen
- Department of College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, High-Tech Development Zone of States, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
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Akwongo CJ, Byaruhanga C. Epidemiology of Anaplasma species amongst cattle in Africa from 1970 to 2022: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Vet Med 2024; 228:106214. [PMID: 38733736 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Tick-borne pathogens of the genus Anaplasma cause anaplasmosis in livestock and humans, impacting health and livelihoods, particularly in Africa. A comprehensive review on the epidemiology of Anaplasma species is important to guide further research and for implementation of control approaches. We reviewed observational studies concerning Anaplasma species amongst cattle in Africa. Peer-reviewed studies published in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science - from database inception to 2022 - were searched. The quality of individual studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool and the pooled prevalences by diagnostic method were estimated using random-effects models. Heterogeneity across the studies was tested and quantified using the Cochran's Q statistic and the I2 statistic. Potential sources of heterogeneity were investigated by subgroup analysis. A total of 1117 records were retrieved and at the end of the screening, 149 records (155 studies) were eligible for this meta-analysis. The occurrence of Anaplasma species was reported in 31/54 countries in all regions. Seven recognised species (A. marginale, A. centrale, A. phagocytophilum, A. platys, A. capra, A. bovis, A. ovis) and nine uncharacterised genotypes (Anaplasma sp. Hadesa; Anaplasma sp. Saso; Anaplasma sp. Dedessa; Anaplasma sp. Mymensingh; Anaplasma sp. Lambwe-1; Candidatus Anaplasma africae; Anaplasma sp.; Candidatus Anaplasma boleense) were reported in African cattle. Anaplasma marginale was the most frequently reported (n=144/155 studies) and the most prevalent species (serology methods 56.1%, 45.9-66.1; direct detection methods 19.9%, 15.4-24.7), followed by A. centrale (n=26 studies) with a prevalence of 8.0% (95% CI: 4.8-11.9) and A. platys (n=19 studies) with prevalence of 9.7% (95% CI: 5.4-15.2). Anaplasma marginale, A. centrale and A. platys were reported in all Africa's regions, while A. ovis and A. capra were reported only in the northern and central regions. The uncharacterised Anaplasma taxa were mostly detected in the eastern and southern regions. Subgroup analysis showed that significant determinants for A. marginale exposure (serology) were geographical region (p=0.0219), and longitude (p=0.0336), while the technique employed influenced (p<0.0001) prevalence in direct detection approaches. Temperature was the only significant variable (p=0.0269) for A. centrale. These findings show that various Anaplasma species, including those that are zoonotic, circulate in African cattle. There is need for more genetic and genome data, especially for unrecognised species, to facilitate effective identification, improve livestock and minimise the health risk in human populations. Additional epidemiological data including pathogen occurrence, tick vectors and host range, as well as pathogenicity are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Julie Akwongo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, Napoli 80137, Italy
| | - Charles Byaruhanga
- Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; National Agricultural Research Organisation, P.O. Box 259, Entebbe, Uganda
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184
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Agarwal V, Nangia S, Prasenan S, Ganta SVA. Drug-Induced Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia With Pneumomediastinum: An Unusual Presentation. Cureus 2024; 16:e64708. [PMID: 39156473 PMCID: PMC11327844 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.64708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
A 27-year-old female, with no significant past medical history, presented to the casualty department with a two-week history of progressive dyspnea, cough, and fever. She reported that she had recently started taking a non-conventional alternative medication for her irregular menstrual cycles. Chest radiography demonstrated bilateral alveolar opacities, and computed tomography (CT) of the chest revealed bilateral ground-glass opacities and pneumomediastinum. Laboratory testing showed peripheral blood eosinophilia, and bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage confirmed an elevated eosinophil count. Based on the clinical presentation, radiographic and laboratory findings, and exclusion of other etiologies, a diagnosis of drug-induced eosinophilic lung disease with pneumomediastinum was made. The alternative non-conventional drug was immediately discontinued and the patient was treated with systemic corticosteroids, leading to a rapid improvement in her symptoms and radiographic abnormalities. A repeat CT of the chest after 15 days revealed significant resolution of the ground-glass opacities and complete resolution of pneumomediastinum. This case highlights the importance of thorough medication history and vigilance for potential adverse effects of non-conventional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasu Agarwal
- Respiratory Medicine, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Pune, IND
| | - Sidhaant Nangia
- Respiratory Medicine, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Pune, IND
| | - Shaily Prasenan
- Respiratory Medicine, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Pune, IND
| | - Siri Vineeth A Ganta
- Pulmonology and Critical Care, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Pune, IND
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185
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Dhanalakshmi M, Dhanze H, Bhilegaonkar KN, Mote A, Gupta I, Agri H, Di Bari C, Singh BB. Seroprevalence of Japanese encephalitis virus in pig populations of Tamil Nadu, India: Exploring the tropical endemic link of virus. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 110:102189. [PMID: 38718722 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a major cause of encephalitis in Southeast Asia. Tamil Nadu, a state located in the southern part of India, contributes substantially to the national burden of human JE cases every year. However, limited information is available on the epidemiology of JE in pig populations of Tamil Nadu. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess JEV prevalence in pig populations of Tamil Nadu. A total of 710 pigs reared in 118 farms across 10 districts of Tamil Nadu were sampled using multistage cluster random sampling. Serum samples were analyzed for their JEV status using Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). At the animal-level, the apparent JEV seroprevalence was 60.4% (95% CI: 56.8% - 64.0%) and the true seroprevalence was 50.1% (95% CI: 47.0% - 53.2%). The herd-level apparent seroprevalence was 94.1% (95% CI: 88.1% - 97.5%) and the true seroprevalence was 93.3% (95% CI: 89.5% - 96.2%). The intensity of JEV circulation was high in all the districts, with seroprevalence ranging between 43% and 100%. Pigs across all age categories were seropositive and a high overall seroprevalence of 95.2% (95% CI: 76.2% - 99.9%) was recorded in pigs older than 12 months. JEV seropositivity was recorded in all the seasons but the prevalence peaked in the monsoon (67.9%, 95% CI: 61.1% - 74.2%) followed by winter (65.1%, 95%CI: 57.4% - 72.2%) and summer (53.3%, 95% CI: 47.8% - 58.8%) seasons. The results indicate that JEV is endemic in pigs populations of the state and a one health approach is essential with collaborative actions from animal and public health authorities to control JE in Tamil Nadu, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dhanalakshmi
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, India; Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Himani Dhanze
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - K N Bhilegaonkar
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akash Mote
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ishita Gupta
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Himani Agri
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Balbir B Singh
- Centre for One Health, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Punjab, India
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186
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Asif A, Chen JS, Hussain B, Hsu GJ, Rathod J, Huang SW, Wu CC, Hsu BM. The escalating threat of human-associated infectious bacteria in surface aquatic resources: Insights into prevalence, antibiotic resistance, survival mechanisms, detection, and prevention strategies. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2024; 265:104371. [PMID: 38851127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities and climate change profoundly impact water quality, leading to a concerning increase in the prevalence and abundance of bacterial pathogens across diverse aquatic environments. This rise has resulted in a growing challenge concerning the safety of water sources, particularly surface waters and marine environments. This comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted challenges presented by bacterial pathogens, emphasizing threads to human health within ground and surface waters, including marine ecosystems. The exploration encompasses the intricate survival mechanisms employed by bacterial pathogens and the proliferation of antimicrobial resistance, largely driven by human-generated antibiotic contamination in aquatic systems. The review further addresses prevalent pathogenic bacteria, elucidating associated risk factors, exploring their eco-physiology, and discussing the production of potent toxins. The spectrum of detection techniques, ranging from conventional to cutting-edge molecular approaches, is thoroughly examined to underscore their significance in identifying and understanding waterborne bacterial pathogens. A critical aspect highlighted in this review is the imperative for real-time monitoring of biomarkers associated with waterborne bacterial pathogens. This monitoring serves as an early warning system, facilitating the swift implementation of action plans to preserve and protect global water resources. In conclusion, this comprehensive review provides fresh insights and perspectives, emphasizing the paramount importance of preserving the quality of aquatic resources to safeguard human health on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslia Asif
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan; Doctoral Program in Science, Technology, Environment, and Mathematics, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bashir Hussain
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Jong Hsu
- Division of Infectious Disease and Department of Internal Medicine, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jagat Rathod
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Gujarat Biotechnology University, Near Gujarat International Finance and Tec (GIFT)-City, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Shih-Wei Huang
- Institute of Environmental Toxin and Emerging Contaminant, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chia Wu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Mu Hsu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan.
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187
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Kiyasu Y, Osawa S, Tsutsumi N, Terada N, Nagata N. Distribution of ticks and their possession of spotted fever group Rickettsia in Ibaraki prefecture. J Infect Chemother 2024; 30:590-596. [PMID: 38159641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2023.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) are a growing threat in Japan. However, distribution of ticks and their possession of human pathogens remain poorly understood. METHODS In the present study, we collected 3477 ticks at 6 remote, woodland sites in Ibaraki prefecture between May 23 and November 4, 2021, and investigated the distribution and the possession of spotted fever group Rickettia (SFGR). RESULTS The collected ticks included Haemaphysalis flava (78.3 %), Haemaphysalis longicornis (9.0 %), Haemaphysalis hystricis (4.6 %), Ixodes turdus (4.3 %), Amblyomma testudinarium (2.1 %), Haemaphysalis cornigera (0.9 %), Haemaphysalis formosensis (0.9 %), Haemaphysalis megaspinosa (0.2 %), Ixodes ovatus (0.1 %), Ixodes nipponensis (0.09 %), and Ixodes columnae (0.03 %). Of 2160 DNA samples extracted from the ticks, the gltA gene and the 17-kDa antigen gene of SFGR were detected in 67 samples. Among 1682 samples from adult and nymph ticks, the positive rate of SFGR was 2.7 %. Sequence analyses of the partial 17-kDa antigen gene demonstrated that the detected SFGR were classified into 8 groups (G1 to G8). The sequences of G2, G4, G5, G6, and G7 were either identical to or differed by one base pair from those of Rickettsia asiatica, Rickettsia tamurae, Rickettsia monacensis, Rickettsia canadensis, and Rickettsia felis, respectively. CONCLUSION The present study revealed a diverse tick fauna in Ibaraki prefecture, including detection of species commonly found in southwestern Japan. Although the prevalence of SFGR in ticks was lower than in previous studies, several SFGR causing human infection may be present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Kiyasu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Japan.
| | - Shuichi Osawa
- Virus Department, Ibaraki Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Japan
| | - Norimasa Tsutsumi
- Department of Infection Control, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Japan
| | - Norihiko Terada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tsukuba Medical Center Hospital, Japan
| | - Noriko Nagata
- Virus Department, Ibaraki Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Japan
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188
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Whapham CA, Walker JT. Too much ado about data: continuous remote monitoring of water temperatures, circulation and throughput can assist in the reduction of hospital-associated waterborne infections. J Hosp Infect 2024; 152:47-55. [PMID: 38960042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2024.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND National and international guidance provides advice on maintenance and management of water systems in healthcare buildings; however, healthcare-associated waterborne infections (HAWIs) are increasing. AIM To identify parameters critical to water quality in healthcare buildings and to assess whether remote sensor monitoring can deliver safe water systems, thus reducing HAWIs. METHODS A narrative review was performed using the following search terms: (1) consistent water temperature AND waterborne pathogen control OR nosocomial infection; (2) water throughput AND waterborne pathogen control OR nosocomial infection; (3) remote monitoring of in-premises water systems AND continuous surveillance for temperature OR throughput OR flow OR use. Databases employed were PubMed, CDSR (Clinical Study Data Request) and DARE (Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects) from January 2013 to March 2024. FINDINGS Single ensuite-patient rooms, expansion of handwash basins, widespread glove use, alcohol gel and wipes have increased water system stagnancy resulting in amplification of waterborne pathogens and transmission risk of legionella, pseudomonas, and non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Manual monitoring does not represent temperatures across large complex water systems. This review deems that multiple-point continuous remote sensor monitoring is effective at identifying redundant and low use outlets, hydraulic imbalance and inconsistent temperature delivery across in-premises water systems. CONCLUSION As remote monitoring becomes more common there will be greater recognition of failures in temperature control, hydraulics, and balancing in water systems, and there remains much to learn as we adopt this developing technology within our hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Whapham
- Independent Water Hygiene Consultant, Ludlow, UK.
| | - J T Walker
- Independent Microbiology Consultant, Walker on Water, Salisbury, UK
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189
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Shah S, Nadeem MD, Ali J, Ahmad U, Mahmood A, Ikhlas Z. Risk Factors and Mortality Outcomes in Elderly Patients With Bloodstream Infections: A Retrospective Analysis. Cureus 2024; 16:e65275. [PMID: 39184803 PMCID: PMC11343016 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.65275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of our investigation was to evaluate the mortality rate and predictor factors that are associated with bloodstream infections (BSIs) in elderly patients who are admitted to the internal medicine ward. Materials and methods A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted at a 550-bed tertiary care hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan, from January 2021 to June 2022. The study involved elderly inpatients aged 65 and older with positive culture results detected within two days of admission. Data collection involved demographic and patient-related risk variables, BSI-related risk factors, and environmental risk factors, with statistical analysis performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, IBM Corp., Version 26.0, Armonk, NY). Results Of the total study sample (n=186), 103 (55.4%) survived while 83 (44.6%) did not. The non-survivor group had a higher median Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (6 vs. 2, p<0.0001) and Charlson Comorbidity Index (5 ± 2 vs. 3 ± 2, p<0.0001), with more frequent immunosuppression (25.3% vs. 8.7%, p=0.001). Additionally, gram-positive bacteria were more common in non-survivors (42% vs. 10%, p<0.0001), while gram-negative bacteria were more prevalent in survivors (73% vs. 36%, p=0.002). Conclusions Our research validates that BSI in older adults is a serious condition that is linked to a substantial death rate during hospitalization. The biggest determinant of death in older patients with BSI is the severity of clinical symptoms evaluated by the SOFA score upon admission. It is imperative to acknowledge that respiratory-induced BSIs are the most fatal, and patients who are hospitalized and admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) are at an elevated risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Shah
- General Medicine, Medlife Medical Center, Abu Dhabi, ARE
| | | | - Junaid Ali
- General Medicine, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, PAK
| | - Umair Ahmad
- Medicine, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Health Department, Peshawar, PAK
| | - Abroo Mahmood
- Internal Medicine, Advocare North Brunswick Medical Associates, North Brunswick, USA
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Krambrich J, Mihalič F, Gaunt MW, Bohlin J, Hesson JC, Lundkvist Å, de Lamballerie X, Li C, Shi W, Pettersson JHO. The evolutionary and molecular history of a chikungunya virus outbreak lineage. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012349. [PMID: 39058744 PMCID: PMC11305590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2018-2019, Thailand experienced a nationwide spread of chikungunya virus (CHIKV), with approximately 15,000 confirmed cases of disease reported. Here, we investigated the evolutionary and molecular history of the East/Central/South African (ECSA) genotype to determine the origins of the 2018-2019 CHIKV outbreak in Thailand. This was done using newly sequenced clinical samples from travellers returning to Sweden from Thailand in late 2018 and early 2019 and previously published genome sequences. Our phylogeographic analysis showed that before the outbreak in Thailand, the Indian Ocean lineage (IOL) found within the ESCA, had evolved and circulated in East Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia for about 15 years. In the first half of 2017, an introduction occurred into Thailand from another South Asian country, most likely Bangladesh, which subsequently developed into a large outbreak in Thailand with export to neighbouring countries. Based on comparative phylogenetic analyses of the complete CHIKV genome and protein modelling, we identified several mutations in the E1/E2 spike complex, such as E1 K211E and E2 V264A, which are highly relevant as they may lead to changes in vector competence, transmission efficiency and pathogenicity of the virus. A number of mutations (E2 G205S, Nsp3 D372E, Nsp2 V793A), that emerged shortly before the outbreak of the virus in Thailand in 2018 may have altered antibody binding and recognition due to their position. This study not only improves our understanding of the factors contributing to the epidemic in Southeast Asia, but also has implications for the development of effective response strategies and the potential development of new vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Krambrich
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Filip Mihalič
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Jon Bohlin
- Infectious Disease Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jenny C. Hesson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Biologisk Myggkontroll, Nedre Dalälvens Utvecklings AB, Gysinge, Sweden
| | - Åke Lundkvist
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE), Aix-Marseille University—IRD 190—Inserm 1207, Marseille, France
| | - Cixiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weifeng Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Virology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - John H.-O. Pettersson
- Department of Medical Science, Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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191
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Zhao B, Xiong CR, Liu Y, Yu QC, Chen X. Rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using a magnetic-assisted electrochemical biosensor based on functionalized CoFe 2O 4 magnetic nanomaterials. Talanta 2024; 274:125986. [PMID: 38537348 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) in 2019 has garnered widespread attention. The virus exhibits high contagiousness, and in certain cases, it can lead to recurrent infections. Therefore, it is imperative to develop portable, sensitive, and accurate sensors to promptly detect infected individuals, control the virus's transmission, and determine suitable treatment strategies. In this study, we proposed a magnetically-assisted method employing CFO@CS-Au MNP as the substrate material, which was functionalized with human angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) for efficient capture of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in solution. Subsequently, the captured protein was sensitively detected through differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) electrical analysis. The linear detection range of the labeled GCE/MNP/GA/ACE2/BSA electrochemical sensor is from 1 pg/mL to 10 μg/mL, with a minimum detection limit of 0.15 pg/mL. Furthermore, the fabricated GCE/MNP/GA/ACE2/BSA sensor achieved satisfactory recoveries of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in saliva and nasal swab samples within 10 min. These results indicate that this magnetically-assisted biosensor has established a solid foundation for the swift on-site detection of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhao
- Key Lab of Aerospace Structural Parts Forming Technology and Equipment of Anhui Province, Institute of Industry and Equipment Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China
| | - Chan-Ru Xiong
- Key Lab of Aerospace Structural Parts Forming Technology and Equipment of Anhui Province, Institute of Industry and Equipment Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China
| | - Yao Liu
- Key Lab of Aerospace Structural Parts Forming Technology and Equipment of Anhui Province, Institute of Industry and Equipment Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China.
| | - Qing-Cai Yu
- Key Lab of Aerospace Structural Parts Forming Technology and Equipment of Anhui Province, Institute of Industry and Equipment Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China
| | - Xing Chen
- Key Lab of Aerospace Structural Parts Forming Technology and Equipment of Anhui Province, Institute of Industry and Equipment Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China.
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Rashid PMA, Salih GF. Genetic Polymorphism of Interleukin-6 in Asymptomatic and ICU-Admitted COVID-19 Patients in Sulaymaniyah Province, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2024; 28:297-303. [PMID: 38721746 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2023.0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The global pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in significant fatality rates. Clinical outcomes for affected individuals range from being asymptomatic to severe illnesses requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Among the various factors contributing to the variation in clinical outcomes, host genetics play a prominent role. Interleukin-6 (IL6), a key player in immune responses, has been identified as having a crucial impact on viral infections, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Specifically, certain variations known as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL6 promoter region have been found to significantly influence IL6 expression and the severity of viral infections. Materials and Methods: To explore the relationship between these genetic variations and COVID-19 in asymptomatic and ICU-admitted Kurdish patients, genetic sequencing was performed to determine the genotypes of nine IL6 SNPs. Results: The study findings revealed that although the proportion of the GG genotype of rs1800795 was slightly higher in asymptomatic COVID-19 cases, the difference was not statistically significant (chi2 = 2.666, p = 0.236). Notably, Kurdish patients displayed a uniform genetic makeup (monomorphic) for the dominant alleles of rs2069830 (C), rs142759801 (C), rs2069857 (C), rs2069829 (G), rs2234683 (G), rs13447446 (T), rs527770772 (C), and rs13447445 (C). Furthermore, patients carrying the haplotype GCGGCTCCC were found to have a 0.481-fold higher likelihood of being asymptomatic with COVID-19 (p = 0.016, OR = 0.481). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the rs1800795 SNP is not statistically associated with COVID-19 at the genotype level. However, the presence of the dominant G allele of rs1800795 in the haplotype was found to be statistically associated with asymptomatic COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peshnyar M A Rashid
- Medical Laboratory Science Department, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Gaza F Salih
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
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Choi KS, Hwang S, Kim MC, Cho HC, Park YJ, Ji MJ, Han SW, Chae JS. Molecular surveillance of zoonotic pathogens from wild rodents in the Republic of Korea. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012306. [PMID: 38976750 PMCID: PMC11257403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rodents are recognized as major reservoirs of numerous zoonotic pathogens and are involved in the transmission and maintenance of infectious diseases. Furthermore, despite their importance, diseases transmitted by rodents have been neglected. To date, there have been limited epidemiological studies on rodents, and information regarding their involvement in infectious diseases in the Republic of Korea (ROK) is still scarce. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We investigated rodent-borne pathogens using nested PCR/RT-PCR from 156 rodents including 151 Apodemus agrarius and 5 Rattus norvegicus from 27 regions in eight provinces across the ROK between March 2019 and November 2020. Spleen, kidney, and blood samples were used to detect Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Bartonella spp., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato group, Coxiella burnetii, Leptospira interrogans, and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV). Of the 156 rodents, 73 (46.8%) were infected with Bartonella spp., 25 (16.0%) with C. burnetii, 24 (15.4%) with L. interrogans, 21 (13.5%) with A. phagocytophilum, 9 (5.8%) with SFTSV, and 5 (3.2%) with Borrelia afzelii. Co-infections with two and three pathogens were detected in 33 (21.1%) and 11 rodents (7.1%), respectively. A. phagocytophilum was detected in all regions, showing a widespread occurrence in the ROK. The infection rates of Bartonella spp. were 83.3% for B. grahamii and 16.7% for B. taylorii. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of C. burnetii and SFTSV infections in rodents in the ROK. This study also provides the first description of various rodent-borne pathogens through an extensive epidemiological survey in the ROK. These results suggest that rodents harbor various pathogens that pose a potential threat to public health in the ROK. Our findings provide useful information on the occurrence and distribution of zoonotic pathogens disseminated among rodents and emphasize the urgent need for rapid diagnosis, prevention, and control strategies for these zoonotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Seong Choi
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwoo Hwang
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Cheol Kim
- Department of Ecological Science, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Chul Cho
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Park
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Ji
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Woo Han
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Centre, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Centre, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Pustijanac E, Buršić M, Millotti G, Paliaga P, Iveša N, Cvek M. Tick-Borne Bacterial Diseases in Europe: Threats to public health. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 43:1261-1295. [PMID: 38676855 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-024-04836-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tick-borne diseases, caused by bacterial pathogens, pose a growing threat to public health in Europe. This paper provides an overview of the historical context of the discovery of the most impactful pathogens transmitted by ticks, including Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Rickettsia spp., Anaplasma spp., Francisella spp., Ehrlichia spp., and Neoehrlichia mikurensis. Understanding the historical context of their discovery provides insight into the evolution of our understanding of these pathogens. METHODS AND RESULTS Systematic investigation of the prevalence and transmission dynamics of these bacterial pathogens is provided, highlighting the intricate relationships among ticks, host organisms, and the environment. Epidemiology is explored, providing an in-depth analysis of clinical features associated with infections. Diagnostic methodologies undergo critical examination, with a spotlight on technological advancements that enhance detection capabilities. Additionally, the paper discusses available treatment options, addressing existing therapeutic strategies and considering future aspects. CONCLUSIONS By integrating various pieces of information on these bacterial species, the paper aims to provide a comprehensive resource for researchers and healthcare professionals addressing the impact of bacterial tick-borne diseases in Europe. This review underscores the importance of understanding the complex details influencing bacterial prevalence and transmission dynamics to better combat these emerging public health threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emina Pustijanac
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Zagrebačka 30, 52100, Pula, Croatia.
| | - Moira Buršić
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Zagrebačka 30, 52100, Pula, Croatia
| | - Gioconda Millotti
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Zagrebačka 30, 52100, Pula, Croatia
| | - Paolo Paliaga
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Zagrebačka 30, 52100, Pula, Croatia
| | - Neven Iveša
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Zagrebačka 30, 52100, Pula, Croatia
| | - Maja Cvek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
- Teaching Institute of Public Health of the Region of Istria, Nazorova 23, 52100, Pula, Croatia
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Yan R, Chen P, Xu Z, Qian J, Zhu G, Jin Y, Chen B, Chen M. A potential link between aromatics-induced oviposition repellency behaviors and specific odorant receptor of Aedes albopictus. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:3603-3611. [PMID: 38458148 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is a competent vector for the spread of several viral arboviruses including dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. Several vital mosquito behaviors linked to survival and reproduction are primarily dependent on a sophisticated olfactory system for semiochemical perception. However, a limited number of studies has hampered our understanding of the relationship between the A. albopictus acute olfactory system and the complex chemical world. RESULTS Here, we performed a qRT-PCR assay on antennae from A. albopictus of differing sex, age and physiological states, and found that AalbOr10 was enriched in blood-fed female mosquitoes. We then undertook single sensillum recording to de-orphan AalbOr10 using a panel of physiologically and behaviorally relevant odorants in a Drosophila 'empty neuron' system. The results indicated that AalbOr10 was activated by seven aromatic compounds, all of which hampered egg-laying in blood-fed mosquitoes. Furthermore, using a post-RNA interference oviposition assay, we found that reducing the transcript level of AalbOr10 affected repellent activity mediated by 2-ethylphenol at low concentrations (10-4 vol/vol). Computational modeling and molecular docking studies suggested that hydrogen bonds to Y68 and Y150 mediated the interaction of 2-ethylphenol with AalbOr10. CONCLUSION We reveal a potential link between aromatics-induced oviposition repellency behaviors and a specific odorant receptor in A. albopictus. Our findings provide a foundation for identifying active semiochemicals for the monitoring or controlling of mosquito populations. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peitong Chen
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhanyi Xu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiali Qian
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongfeng Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bosheng Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengli Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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Kaneda K, Inoue T, Koga Y, Yagi T, Todani M, Nakahara T, Fujita M, Tsuruta R. The OROCHI (Observational Research of Clinical Course After mamusHI) Study: A Prospective, Observational, Multicenter Study on the Efficacy of Mamushi (Gloydius blomhoffii) Antivenom Serum. Cureus 2024; 16:e64877. [PMID: 39156339 PMCID: PMC11330565 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.64877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on the efficacy of mamushi antivenom serum is limited. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effectiveness of mamushi (Gloydius blomhoffii) antivenom serum. METHODS The Observational Research Of the Clinical course after mamusHI bite (OROCHI) study was a prospective multicenter study conducted at 24 hospitals in Japan. Patients hospitalized due to mamushi bite were registered. The primary endpoint was the length of hospital stay. Secondary endpoints were adverse effects, pain (numerical rating scale), and grade of swelling. We performed a cohort analysis to compare outcomes between patients treated with mamushi antivenom serum (antivenom group) and those who were not treated with the serum (no-antivenom group). RESULTS Overall, 106 patients were registered across 18 hospitals between April 22, 2020, and October 31, 2022. Of these, 92 were eligible for the analyses, with 53 and 39 in the antivenom and no-antivenom groups. The median (interquartile) length of hospital stay was not significantly different between the antivenom and no-antivenom groups (5 (3-6) days vs. 3 (1-8) days, P = 0.369). In multivariable analysis, the adjusted odds ratio for a hospital stay of >4 days was 1.331 in patients treated with mamushi antivenom serum (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.744‒2.015, P = 0.574) and 6.154 in patients treated with cepharanthine (95% CI = 1.442-26.258, P = 0.014). Pain and the grade of swelling were worse in the antivenom group than in the no-antivenom group up to 24 h after arrival, but there were no differences in these outcomes after 48 h. CONCLUSION Although the effectiveness of mamushi antivenom serum in reducing the length of hospitalization was not demonstrated, beneficial effects on pain and swelling were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Kaneda
- Advanced Medical Emergency and Critical Care Center, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Ube, JPN
| | - Tomoaki Inoue
- Advanced Medical Emergency and Critical Care Center, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Ube, JPN
| | - Yasutaka Koga
- Advanced Medical Emergency and Critical Care Center, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Ube, JPN
| | - Takeshi Yagi
- Advanced Medical Emergency and Critical Care Center, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Ube, JPN
| | - Masaki Todani
- Advanced Medical Emergency and Critical Care Center, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Ube, JPN
| | - Takashi Nakahara
- Advanced Medical Emergency and Critical Care Center, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Ube, JPN
| | - Motoki Fujita
- Advanced Medical Emergency and Critical Care Center, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Ube, JPN
| | - Ryosuke Tsuruta
- Advanced Medical Emergency and Critical Care Center, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Ube, JPN
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Zhang Y, Li J, Qiu Z, Huang L, Yang S, Li J, Li K, Liang Y, Liu X, Chen Z, Li J, Zhou B. Insights into the mechanism of action of pterostilbene against influenza A virus-induced acute lung injury. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155534. [PMID: 38583346 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe respiratory system illness caused by influenza A virus infection is associated with excessive inflammation and abnormal apoptosis in alveolar epithelial cells (AEC). However, there are limited therapeutic options for influenza-associated lung inflammation and apoptosis. Pterostilbene (PTE, trans-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxystilbene) is a dimethylated analog of resveratrol that has been reported to limit influenza A virus infection by promoting antiviral innate immunity, but has not been studied for its protective effects on virus-associated inflammation and injury in AEC. PURPOSE Our study aimed to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of PTE in modulating inflammation and apoptosis in AEC, as well as its effects on macrophage polarization during influenza virus infection. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A murine model of influenza A virus-mediated acute lung injury was established by intranasal inoculation with 5LD50 of mouse-adapted H1N1 viruses. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunofluorescence, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, western blotting, Luminex and flow cytometry were performed. RESULTS PTE effectively mitigated lung histopathological changes and injury induced by H1N1 viruses in vivo. These beneficial effects of PTE were attributed to the suppression of inflammation and apoptosis in AEC, as well as the modulation of M1 macrophage polarization. Mechanistic investigations revealed that PTE activated the phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (P-AMPKα)/sirtui1 (Sirt1)/PPARγ coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) signal axis, leading to the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling induced by H1N1 viruses, thereby attenuating inflammation and apoptosis in AEC. PTE also forced activation of the P-AMPKα/Sirt1/PGC1α signal axis in RAW264.7 cells, counteracting the activation of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (P-STAT1) induced by H1N1 viruses and the augment of P-STAT1 activation in RAW264.7 cells with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) pretreatment before viral infection, thereby reducing H1N1 virus-mediated M1 macrophage polarization as well as the enhancement of macrophages into M1 phenotypes elicited by IFN-γ pretreatment. Additionally, the promotion of the transition of macrophages towards the M2 phenotype by PTE was also related to activation of the P-AMPKα/Sirt1/PGC1α signal axis. Moreover, co-culturing non-infected AEC with H1N1 virus-infected RAW264.7 cells in the presence of PTE inhibited apoptosis and tight junction disruption, which was attributed to the suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators and pro-apoptotic factors in an AMPKα-dependent manner. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our findings suggest that PTE may serve as a promising novel therapeutic option for treating influenza-associated lung injury. Its ability to suppress inflammation and apoptosis in AEC, modulate macrophage polarization, and preserve alveolar epithelial cell integrity highlights its potential as a therapeutic agent in influenza diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehan Zhang
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou 525200, PR China
| | - Jiashun Li
- Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Huadu, 510800, PR China
| | - Zhenhua Qiu
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou 525200, PR China
| | - Linyan Huang
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou 525200, PR China
| | - Sushan Yang
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou 525200, PR China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou 525200, PR China
| | - Kunlang Li
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou 525200, PR China
| | - Yueyun Liang
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou 525200, PR China
| | - Xuanyu Liu
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou 525200, PR China
| | - Zecheng Chen
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou 525200, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Beixian Zhou
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou 525200, PR China; Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510315 Guangzhou, PR China.
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Wang S, Wang H, Cui N, Wang S, Zhang C, Tang L, Tan W, Wang Y. Anaplasma bovis and Bartonella spp. in Libyan Jirds (Meriones libycus) from China. J Wildl Dis 2024; 60:792-794. [PMID: 38659240 DOI: 10.7589/jwd-d-23-00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Anaplasma bovis (1), Bartonella krasnovii (3), and Bartonella sp. (17) were detected in 80 Libyan jirds (Meriones libycus) from China. These findings extend the known host and geographic ranges of these pathogens, with neither A. bovis nor B. krasnovii previously confirmed in Libyan jirds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832002, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health Security, the XPCC, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832002, People's Republic of China
- These authors contributed equally to this study
| | - Huiqian Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832002, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health Security, the XPCC, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832002, People's Republic of China
- These authors contributed equally to this study
| | - Nannan Cui
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832002, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health Security, the XPCC, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832002, People's Republic of China
- These authors contributed equally to this study
| | - Suwen Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832002, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health Security, the XPCC, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832002, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunju Zhang
- Tumusuk City Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 17 Qianhai East Street, Tumushuk City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 843806, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Tang
- Bayingol Vocational and Technical College, Korla City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 841000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Tan
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832002, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health Security, the XPCC, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzhi Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832002, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health Security, the XPCC, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832002, People's Republic of China
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Min X, Wang Y, Dong X, Dong X, Wang N, Wang Z, Shi L. Epidemiological characteristics of human metapneumovirus among children in Nanjing, China. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 43:1445-1452. [PMID: 38801487 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-024-04858-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to examine the molecular epidemiology and clinical characteristics of HMPV infection among children with ARIs in Nanjing. METHODS The respiratory samples were collected from 2078 children (≤ 14 years) with acute respiratory infections and were tested for HMPV using real-time RT-PCR. Amplification and sequencing of the HMPV G gene were followed by phylogenetic analysis using MEGA 7.0. RESULT The detection rate of HMPV among children was 4.7% (97/2078), with a concentration in those under 5 years of age. Notably, the peak season for HMPV prevalence was observed in winter. Among the 97 HMPV-positive samples, 51.5% (50/97) were available for characterization of the HMPV G protein gene. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the sequenced HMPV strains were classified into three sublineages: A2c111nt - dup (84.0%), B1 (2.0%), and B2 (14.0%). CONCLUSION There was an incidence of HMPV among hospitalized children during 2021-2022 in Nanjing with A2c111nt - dup being the dominant strain. This study demonstrated the molecular epidemiological characteristics of HMPV among children with respiratory infections in Nanjing, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Min
- Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yaqian Wang
- Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Dong
- Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoqing Dong
- Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liming Shi
- Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Shinkai M, Ota S, Ishikawa N, Tanimoto T, Suzuki H, Abe S, Vandendijck Y, Nakayama Y, Murata Y. Burden of respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus and influenza virus infections in Japanese adults in the Hospitalized Acute Respiratory Tract Infection study. Respir Investig 2024; 62:717-725. [PMID: 38823191 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2024.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), and influenza virus are responsible for acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) in adults. We assessed the clinical burden of RSV, hMPV and influenza virus infection among Japanese adults hospitalized with ARTIs. METHODS The Hospitalized Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (HARTI) study was a multinational, prospective cohort study in adults with ARTIs across the 2017-2019 epidemic seasons. Enrolment in Japan began in Sept 2018 and ran until Oct 2019. The clinical diagnosis of ARTI and the decision to hospitalize the patient were made according to local standard of care practices. Viral testing was performed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Of the 173 adults hospitalized with ARTI during this period at the Japan sites, 7 (4.0%), 9 (5.2%), and 11 (6.4%) were positive for influenza virus, RSV, and hMPV, respectively. RSV season was observed from Oct 2018 to Jan 2019, followed by influenza from Dec 2018 to Apr 2019. hMPV was detected across both the RSV and influenza seasons. Two patients with RSV and 1 patient with hMPV required ICU admission whereas none with influenza. Use of antibiotics, bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids was high amongst patients with RSV and hMPV at 1, 2, and 3 months' post-discharge compared with patients with influenza, with few exceptions. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the need for a high degree of clinical suspicion for RSV and hMPV infection in adults hospitalized with ARTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Shinkai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Shinagawa Hospital, 6-3-22 Higashioi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-8522, Japan.
| | - Shinichiro Ota
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Shinagawa Hospital, 6-3-22 Higashioi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-8522, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Ishikawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, 1-5-54 Ujina-kanda, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8530, Japan
| | - Takuya Tanimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, 1-5-54 Ujina-kanda, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8530, Japan
| | - Hiroki Suzuki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, 1800 Aoyagi, Yamagata-Shi, Yamagata, 990-2292, Japan
| | - Shuichi Abe
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, 1800 Aoyagi, Yamagata-Shi, Yamagata, 990-2292, Japan
| | - Yannick Vandendijck
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Yoshikazu Nakayama
- Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., 3-5-2 Nishi-kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0065, Japan
| | - Yoko Murata
- Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., 3-5-2 Nishi-kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0065, Japan
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