151
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Zuo Y, Zhou F, Huang R, Jia Z, Xie J, Wang G, Jia S, Li Y, Wang M, Liao L, Ge F, Wang Y. Effects of 2,4,6-Trichloroanisole on the morphological development and motility of zebrafish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175316. [PMID: 39117193 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
2,4,6-Trichloroanisole (2,4,6-TCA), a compound with a characteristic earthy odor, is a common source of odorous pollutants in drinking water and wine. However, research on its biological toxicity is limited. In this study, we used zebrafish as an indicator model to investigate the effects of 2,4,6-TCA exposure on morphological development, oxidative stress, apoptosis, heart rate, blood flow, and motility. We found that exposure to 2,4,6-TCA resulted in significant spinal, tail, and cardiac deformities in zebrafish larvae and promoted a pronounced oxidative stress response and extensive cell apoptosis, notably in the digestive tract, head, spine, and heart, ultimately leading to significant reductions in zebrafish heart rate, blood flow, and motility. Moreover, these effects became more pronounced with an increase in the concentration of 2,4,6-TCA to which the zebrafish were exposed. Furthermore, qPCR analysis revealed that exposure to 2,4,6-TCA promoted significant changes in the expression levels of genes associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis, cardiac development, and the nervous system, particularly key genes (p53, apaf1, casp9, and casp3) in the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, which were significantly upregulated. Similarly, we detected significant upregulation of ache gene expression. These findings indicated that exposure to 2,4,6-TCA resulted in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in zebrafish, induced strong oxidative stress responses, and triggered lipid peroxidation and extensive cell apoptosis. Cellular apoptosis, which mitochondrial signaling pathways may mediate, has been found to lead to malformations in zebrafish embryos, resulting in significant reductions in cardiac function and motility. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic assessment of the toxicity of 2,4,6-TCA, and our findings provide an important reference for risk assessment and early warning of 2,4,6-TCA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Rong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Zhihui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Juhong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shuzhao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yongming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Manyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lanjie Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Feng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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152
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Dansu DK, Selcen I, Sauma S, Prentice E, Huang D, Li M, Moyon S, Casaccia P. Histone H4 acetylation differentially modulates proliferation in adult oligodendrocyte progenitors. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202308064. [PMID: 39133301 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202308064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Adult oligodendrocyte progenitors (aOPCs) generate myelinating oligodendrocytes like neonatal progenitors (nOPCs), and they also display unique functional features. Here, using unbiased histone proteomics analysis and ChIP sequencing analysis of PDGFRα+ OPCs sorted from neonatal and adult Pdgfra-H2B-EGFP reporter mice, we identify the activating H4K8ac histone mark as enriched in the aOPCs. We detect increased occupancy of the H4K8ac activating mark at chromatin locations corresponding to genes related to the progenitor state (e.g., Hes5, Gpr17), metabolic processes (e.g., Txnip, Ptdgs), and myelin components (e.g., Cnp, Mog). aOPCs showed higher levels of transcripts related to lipid metabolism and myelin, and lower levels of transcripts related to cell cycle and proliferation compared with nOPCs. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of histone acetylation decreased the expression of the H4K8ac target genes in aOPCs and decreased their proliferation. Overall, this study identifies acetylation of the histone H4K8 as a regulator of the proliferative capacity of aOPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K Dansu
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ipek Selcen
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sami Sauma
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate Program in Biology, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily Prentice
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate Program in Biology, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dennis Huang
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate Program in Biology, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meng Li
- Norris Medical Library, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Moyon
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of NeuroPhysiopathology (INP) UMR7051, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate Program in Biology, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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153
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Korsten G, Osinga M, Pelle RA, Serweta AK, Hoogenberg B, Kampinga HH, Kapitein LC. Nuclear poly-glutamine aggregates rupture the nuclear envelope and hinder its repair. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202307142. [PMID: 39150509 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202307142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by a polyglutamine expansion of the huntingtin protein, resulting in the formation of polyglutamine aggregates. The mechanisms of toxicity that result in the complex HD pathology remain only partially understood. Here, we show that nuclear polyglutamine aggregates induce nuclear envelope (NE) blebbing and ruptures that are often repaired incompletely. These ruptures coincide with disruptions of the nuclear lamina and lead to lamina scar formation. Expansion microscopy enabled resolving the ultrastructure of nuclear aggregates and revealed polyglutamine fibrils sticking into the cytosol at rupture sites, suggesting a mechanism for incomplete repair. Furthermore, we found that NE repair factors often accumulated near nuclear aggregates, consistent with stalled repair. These findings implicate nuclear polyQ aggregate-induced loss of NE integrity as a potential contributing factor to Huntington's disease and other polyglutamine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giel Korsten
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Miriam Osinga
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Robin A Pelle
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Albert K Serweta
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Baukje Hoogenberg
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Harm H Kampinga
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lukas C Kapitein
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Centre for Living Technologies, Alliance TU/e, WUR, UU, UMC Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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154
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Li M, Yuan Y, Hou Z, Hao S, Jin L, Wang B. Human brain organoid: trends, evolution, and remaining challenges. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2387-2399. [PMID: 38526275 PMCID: PMC11090441 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.390972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Advanced brain organoids provide promising platforms for deciphering the cellular and molecular processes of human neural development and diseases. Although various studies and reviews have described developments and advancements in brain organoids, few studies have comprehensively summarized and analyzed the global trends in this area of neuroscience. To identify and further facilitate the development of cerebral organoids, we utilized bibliometrics and visualization methods to analyze the global trends and evolution of brain organoids in the last 10 years. First, annual publications, countries/regions, organizations, journals, authors, co-citations, and keywords relating to brain organoids were identified. The hotspots in this field were also systematically identified. Subsequently, current applications for brain organoids in neuroscience, including human neural development, neural disorders, infectious diseases, regenerative medicine, drug discovery, and toxicity assessment studies, are comprehensively discussed. Towards that end, several considerations regarding the current challenges in brain organoid research and future strategies to advance neuroscience will be presented to further promote their application in neurological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zongkun Hou
- School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Shilei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bochu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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155
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Smail MA, Lenz KM. Developmental functions of microglia: Impact of psychosocial and physiological early life stress. Neuropharmacology 2024; 258:110084. [PMID: 39025401 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Microglia play numerous important roles in brain development. From early embryonic stages through adolescence, these immune cells influence neuronal genesis and maturation, guide connectivity, and shape brain circuits. They also interact with other glial cells and structures, influencing the brain's supportive microenvironment. While this central role makes microglia essential, it means that early life perturbations to microglia can have widespread effects on brain development, potentially resulting in long-lasting behavioral impairments. Here, we will focus on the effects of early life psychosocial versus physiological stressors in rodent models. Psychosocial stress refers to perceived threats that lead to stress axes activation, including prenatal stress, or chronic postnatal stress, including maternal separation and resource scarcity. Physiological stress refers to physical threats, including maternal immune activation, postnatal infection, and traumatic brain injury. Differing sources of early life stress have varied impacts on microglia, and these effects are moderated by factors such as developmental age, brain region, and sex. Overall, these stressors appear to either 1) upregulate basal microglia numbers and activity throughout the lifespan, while possibly blunting their responsivity to subsequent stressors, or 2) shift the developmental curve of microglia, resulting in differential timing and function, impacting the critical periods they govern. Either could contribute to behavioral dysfunctions that occur after the resolution of early life stress. Exploring how different stressors impact microglia, as well as how multiple stressors interact to alter microglia's developmental functions, could deepen our understanding of how early life stress changes the brain's developmental trajectory. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Microglia".
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa A Smail
- Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Kathryn M Lenz
- Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Chronic Brain Injury Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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156
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Gutiérrez MC, Perondi MC, Tortoni GL, Cragnolini AB, Cuadra GR, Valdomero A. Early protein restriction in rats induces anhedonia in adult offspring: A key role of BDNF-TrkB signaling in the nucleus accumbens shell. Neuropharmacology 2024; 258:110099. [PMID: 39098656 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Clinical evidence suggests that early malnutrition promotes symptoms related to psychiatric disorders later in life. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underpinning nutritional injury induce depression remains unknown. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether perinatal protein restriction increases vulnerability to developing depressive-like behavior in adulthood by focusing on anhedonia, a core symptom of depression. To this, male adult Wistar rats submitted to a protein restriction schedule at perinatal age (PR-rats), were subjected to the sucrose preference test (SPT), the novel object recognition test (NORT), the forced swim test (FST), and the elevated plus maze (EPM), and compared to animals fed with a normoprotein diet. To investigate neurobiological substrates linked to early protein undernutrition-facilitated depressive-like behavior, we assessed the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor TrkB in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), and evaluated the reversal of anhedonic-like behavior by infusing ANA-12. We found that early malnutrition decreased sucrose preference, impaired performance in the NORT and increased immobility time in the FST. Furthermore, perinatal protein-restriction-induced anhedonia correlated with increased BDNF and p-TrkB protein levels in the NAc, a core structure in the reward circuit linked with anhedonia. Finally, bilateral infusion of the TrkB antagonist ANA-12 into the NAc shell ameliorated a reduced sucrose preference in the PR-rats. Altogether, these findings revealed that protein restriction during pregnancy and lactation facilitates depressive-like behavior later in life and may increase the risk of developing anhedonia by altering BDNF-TrkB in the NAc shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Farmacología Otto Orsingher, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Farmacología Experimental Córdoba (IFEC - CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María C Perondi
- Departamento de Farmacología Otto Orsingher, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gisella L Tortoni
- Departamento de Farmacología Otto Orsingher, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrea B Cragnolini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT - CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gabriel R Cuadra
- Departamento de Farmacología Otto Orsingher, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Farmacología Experimental Córdoba (IFEC - CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Analía Valdomero
- Departamento de Farmacología Otto Orsingher, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Farmacología Experimental Córdoba (IFEC - CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina.
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157
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Rampinini A, Balboni I, Golestani N, Berthele R. A behavioural exploration of language aptitude and experience, cognition and more using Graph Analysis. Brain Res 2024; 1842:149109. [PMID: 38964704 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Language aptitude has recently regained interest in cognitive neuroscience. Traditional language aptitude testing included phonemic coding ability, associative memory, grammatical sensitivity and inductive language learning. Moreover, domain-general cognitive abilities are associated with individual differences in language aptitude, together with factors that have yet to be elucidated. Beyond domain-general cognition, it is also likely that aptitude and experience in domain-specific but non-linguistic fields (e.g. music or numerical processing) influence and are influenced by language aptitude. We investigated some of these relationships in a sample of 152 participants, using exploratory graph analysis, across different levels of regularisation, i.e. sensitivity. We carried out a meta cluster analysis in a second step to identify variables that are robustly grouped together. We discuss the data, as well as their meta-network groupings, at a baseline network sensitivity level, and in two analyses, one including and the other excluding dyslexic readers. Our results show a stable association between language and cognition, and the isolation of multilingual language experience, musicality and literacy. We highlight the necessity of a more comprehensive view of language and of cognition as multivariate systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Rampinini
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Science, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; National Centre for Competence in Research Evolving Language, Switzerland
| | - Irene Balboni
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Science, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Multilingualism, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; National Centre for Competence in Research Evolving Language, Switzerland
| | - Narly Golestani
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Science, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Cognitive Science Hub, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; National Centre for Competence in Research Evolving Language, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Berthele
- Institute of Multilingualism, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; National Centre for Competence in Research Evolving Language, Switzerland.
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158
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Wang Q, Zeng F, Fang C, Sun Y, Zhao X, Rong X, Zhang H, Xu Y. Galectin-3 alleviates demyelination by modulating microglial anti-inflammatory polarization through PPARγ-CD36 axis. Brain Res 2024; 1842:149106. [PMID: 38986827 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Demyelination is characterized by disruption of myelin sheath and disorders in myelin formation. Currently, there are no effective therapeutic treatments available. Microglia, especially anti-inflammatory phenotype microglia are critical for remyelination. Galectin-3 (Gal-3), which is known to modulate microglia activation, is correlated with myelination. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the roles of Gal-3 during myelin formation and explore the efficiency and mechanism of rGal-3 administration in remyelination. We enrolled Gal-3 knockout (Lgals3 KO) mice and demonstrated Lgals3 KO causes demyelination during spontaneous myelinogenesis. We performed a cuprizone (CPZ) intoxication model and found Lgals3 KO aggravates demyelinated lesions and favors microglial pro-inflammatory phenotype polarization. Recombinant Gal-3 (rGal-3) administration alleviates CPZ intoxication and drives microglial towards anti-inflammatory phenotype. Additionally, RNA sequencing results reveal the correlation between Gal-3 and the PPARγ-CD36 axis. Thus, we performed SSO and GW9662 administration to inhibit the activation of the PPARγ-CD36 axis and found that rGal-3 administration modulates microglial phenotype polarization by regulating the PPARγ-CD36 axis. Together, our findings highlight the importance of Gal-3 in myelination and provide insights into rGal-3 administration for modulating microglial anti-inflammatory phenotype polarization through the PPARγ-CD36 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Infectious and Liver Diseases, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Fansen Zeng
- Department of Infectious and Liver Diseases, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chunxiao Fang
- Department of Infectious and Liver Diseases, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhao
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiao Rong
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Huayan Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Infectious and Liver Diseases, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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159
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Lindner K, Gavin AC. Isoform- and cell-state-specific APOE homeostasis and function. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2456-2466. [PMID: 38526282 PMCID: PMC11090418 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E is the major lipid transporter in the brain and an important player in neuron-astrocyte metabolic coupling. It ensures the survival of neurons under stressful conditions and hyperactivity by nourishing and detoxifying them. Apolipoprotein E polymorphism, combined with environmental stresses and/or age-related alterations, influences the risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss our current knowledge of how apolipoprotein E homeostasis, i.e. its synthesis, secretion, degradation, and lipidation, is affected in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Lindner
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Claude Gavin
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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160
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Poulen G, Perrin FE. Advances in spinal cord injury: insights from non-human primates. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2354-2364. [PMID: 38526271 PMCID: PMC11090432 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury results in significant sensorimotor deficits, currently, there is no curative treatment for the symptoms induced by spinal cord injury. Basic and pre-clinical research on spinal cord injury relies on the development and characterization of appropriate animal models. These models should replicate the symptoms observed in human, allowing for the exploration of functional deficits and investigation into various aspects of physiopathology of spinal cord injury. Non-human primates, due to their close phylogenetic association with humans, share more neuroanatomical, genetic, and physiological similarities with humans than rodents. Therefore, the responses to spinal cord injury in nonhuman primates most likely resemble the responses to traumatism in humans. In this review, we will discuss nonhuman primate models of spinal cord injury, focusing on in vivo assessments, including behavioral tests, magnetic resonance imaging, and electrical activity recordings, as well as ex vivo histological analyses. Additionally, we will present therapeutic strategies developed in non-human primates and discuss the unique specificities of non-human primate models of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetan Poulen
- University of Montpellier, INSERM, EPHE, Montpellier, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
| | - Florence E. Perrin
- University of Montpellier, INSERM, EPHE, Montpellier, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
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161
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Zhu M, Luo J, Zhang B, Li K, Li Y, Zhang Q, Wang H, Hou C. An afferent nerve-like electronic device with somatic mechanical perception and sensation management. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 263:116625. [PMID: 39116630 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Tactile and pain perception are essential for biological skin to interact with the external environment. This complex interplay of sensations allows for the detection of potential threats and appropriate responses to stimuli. However, the challenge is to enable flexible electronics to respond to mechanical stimuli such as biological skin, and researchers have not clearly reported the successful integration of somatic mechanical perception and sensation management functions into neuro-like electronics. In this work, an afferent nerve-like device with a pressure sensor and a perception management module is proposed. The pressure sensor comprises two conductive fabric layers and an ionic hydrogel, forming a capacitor structure that emulates the swift transition from tactile to pain perception under mechanical stimulation. Drawing inspiration from the neuronal "gate control" mechanism, the sensation management module adjusts signals in response to rubbing, accelerating the discharge process and reducing the perception duration, thereby replicating the inhibitory effect of biological neurons on pain following tactile interference. This integrated device, encompassing somatic mechanical perception and sensation management, holds promise for applications in soft robotics, prosthetics, and human-machine interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Jiabei Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Kerui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Yaogang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Qinghong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Chengyi Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China.
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162
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Wu S, Lin W. The physiological role of the unfolded protein response in the nervous system. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2411-2420. [PMID: 38526277 PMCID: PMC11090440 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.393105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a cellular stress response pathway activated when the endoplasmic reticulum, a crucial organelle for protein folding and modification, encounters an accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins. The UPR aims to restore endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis by enhancing protein folding capacity, reducing protein biosynthesis, and promoting protein degradation. It also plays a pivotal role in coordinating signaling cascades to determine cell fate and function in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. Recent research has highlighted the significance of the UPR not only in maintaining endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis but also in influencing various physiological processes in the nervous system. Here, we provide an overview of recent findings that underscore the UPR's involvement in preserving the function and viability of neuronal and myelinating cells under physiological conditions, and highlight the critical role of the UPR in brain development, memory storage, retinal cone development, myelination, and maintenance of myelin thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangchan Wu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Wensheng Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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163
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Weng M, Jauch R. Advancements in personalized stem cell models for aging-related neurodegenerative disorders. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2333-2334. [PMID: 38526261 PMCID: PMC11090431 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxi Weng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Center for Translational Stem Cell Biology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ralf Jauch
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Center for Translational Stem Cell Biology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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164
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Urrutia HA, Stundl J, Bronner ME. Tlx3 mediates neuronal differentiation and proper condensation of the developing trigeminal ganglion. Dev Biol 2024; 515:79-91. [PMID: 39019425 PMCID: PMC11317220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
The trigeminal ganglion, the largest of the vertebrate cranial ganglia, is comprised of sensory neurons that relay sensations of pain, touch, and temperature to the brain. These neurons are derived from two embryonic cell types, the neural crest and ectodermal placodes, whose interactions are critical for proper ganglion formation. While the T-cell leukemia homeobox 3 (Tlx3) gene is known to be expressed in placodally-derived sensory neurons and necessary for their differentiation, little was known about Tlx3 expression and/or function in the neural crest-derived component of the developing trigeminal ganglion. By combining lineage labeling with in situ hybridization in the chick embryo, we show that neural crest-derived cells that contribute to the cranial trigeminal ganglion express Tlx3 at a time point that coincides with the onset of ganglion condensation. Importantly, loss of Tlx3 function in vivo diminishes the overall size and abundance of neurons within the trigeminal ganglion. Conversely, ectopic expression of Tlx3 in migrating cranial neural crest results in their premature neuronal differentiation. Taken together, our results demonstrate a critical role for Tlx3 in neural crest-derived cells during chick trigeminal gangliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo A Urrutia
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Jan Stundl
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Marianne E Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
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165
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Meng P, Zhu L, Guo J, Li Y, Wei Y, Sun J, Zhu J. Preparation of recombinant neuritin protein. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 223:106554. [PMID: 39002828 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Neuritin plays an important role in promoting nerve injury repair and maintaining synaptic plasticity, making it a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of nerve injury and neurodegenerative diseases. The present study aimed to obtain an active, unlabeled neuritin protein. Initially, a neuritin protein expression system with an enterokinase site was constructed in Escherichia coli. After optimizing induction conditions and screening for high expression, a neuritin recombinant protein with purity exceeding 85 % was obtained through Ni-affinity chromatography. Subsequently, unlabeled neuritin with a molecular weight of 11 kDa was obtained through the enzymatic cleavage of the His label using an enterokinase. Furthermore, a neuritin recombinant protein with purity exceeding 95 % was obtained using gel chromatography. Functional investigations revealed that neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells was stimulated by the isolated neuritin. This study establishes a method to obtain active and unlabeled neuritin protein, providing a foundation for subsequent research on its biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases and Department of Biochemistry, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China
| | - Liyan Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases and Department of Biochemistry, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China
| | - Jiatong Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases and Department of Biochemistry, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Shawan City People's Hospital, Shawan, Xinjiang, 832100, China
| | - Yu Wei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China
| | - Jiawei Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases and Department of Biochemistry, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China
| | - Jingling Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases and Department of Biochemistry, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China.
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166
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Lu XY, Li MQ, Li YT, Yao JY, Zhang LX, Zeng ZH, Yu-Liu, Chen ZR, Li CQ, Zhou XF, Li F. Oral edaravone ameliorates behavioral deficits and pathologies in a valproic acid-induced rat model of autism spectrum disorder. Neuropharmacology 2024; 258:110089. [PMID: 39033904 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is neurodevelopmental disorder with a high incidence rate, characterized by social deficits and repetitive behaviors. There is currently no effective management available to treat the core symptoms of ASD; however, oxidative stress has been implicated in its pathogenesis. Edaravone (EDA), a free-radical scavenger, is used to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Here, we hypothesized that an oral formula of EDA may have therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of core ASD symptoms. A rat model of autism was established by prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA), and the offsprings were orally treated with EDA at low (3 mg/kg), medium (10 mg/kg), and high (30 mg/kg) doses once daily for 28 days starting from postnatal day 25 (PND25). Oral EDA administration alleviated the core symptoms in VPA rats in a dose-dependent manner, including repetitive stereotypical behaviors and impaired social interaction. Furthermore, oral administration of EDA significantly reduced oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner, as evidenced by a reduction in oxidative stress markers and an increase in antioxidants in the blood and brain. In addition, oral EDA significantly attenuated downstream pathologies, including synaptic and mitochondrial damage in the brain. Proteomic analysis further revealed that EDA corrected the imbalance in brain oxidative reduction and mitochondrial proteins induced by prenatal VPA administration. Overall, these findings demonstrate that oral EDA has therapeutic potential for ASD by targeting the oxidative stress pathway of disease pathogenesis and paves the way towards clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Meng-Qing Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | | | - Jia-Yu Yao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lin-Xuan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ze-Hao Zeng
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yu-Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhao-Rong Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chang-Qi Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- Suzhou Auzone Biotechnology, Suzhou, China; Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China.
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167
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Li F, Bahr JN, Bierth FAL, Reshetniak S, Tetzlaff C, Fornasiero EF, Wichmann C, Rizzoli SO. Morphological correlates of synaptic protein turnover in the mouse brain. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402793. [PMID: 39134363 PMCID: PMC11325198 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Synaptic proteins need to be replaced regularly, to maintain function and to prevent damage. It is unclear whether this process, known as protein turnover, relates to synaptic morphology. To test this, we relied on nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry, to detect newly synthesized synaptic components in the brains of young adult (6 mo old) and aged mice (24 mo old), and on transmission electron microscopy, to reveal synapse morphology. Several parameters correlated to turnover, including pre- and postsynaptic size, the number of synaptic vesicles and the presence of a postsynaptic nascent zone. In aged mice, the turnover of all brain compartments was reduced by ∼20%. The turnover rates of the pre- and postsynapses correlated well in aged mice, suggesting that they are subject to common regulatory mechanisms. This correlation was poorer in young adult mice, in line with their higher synaptic dynamics. We conclude that synapse turnover is reflected by synaptic morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Li
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julius N Bahr
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Molecular Architecture of Synapses Group, Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Göttingen Graduate Center for Neurosciences, Biophysics and Molecular Biosciences (GGNB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Felicitas A-L Bierth
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Molecular Architecture of Synapses Group, Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Bachelor Programme, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sofiia Reshetniak
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Tetzlaff
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eugenio F Fornasiero
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carolin Wichmann
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Molecular Architecture of Synapses Group, Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silvio O Rizzoli
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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168
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Li H, Covington JA, Tian F, Wu Z, Liu Y, Hu L. Development and analysis of an artificial olfactory bulb. Talanta 2024; 279:126551. [PMID: 39018948 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
This article presents the development of an artificial olfactory bulb (OB) using an electronic nose with thermally modulated metal-oxide sensors. Inspired by animal OBs, our approach employs thermal modulation to replicate the spatial encoding patterns of glomeruli clusters and subclusters. This new approach enhances the classification capabilities of traditional electronic noses and offers new insights for biomimetic olfaction. Molecular receptive range (MRR) analysis confirms that our artificial OB effectively mimics the glomerular distribution of animal OBs. Additionally, the incorporation of a short axon cell (SAC) network, inspired by the animal olfactory system, significantly improves lifetime sparseness and qualitative ability of the artificial OB through extensive lateral inhibition, providing a theoretical framework for enhanced olfactory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hantao Li
- School of Microelectronic and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, 400044, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Fengchun Tian
- School of Microelectronic and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, 400044, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-perception and Intelligent Information Processing, 400044, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- School of Microelectronic and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, 400044, Chongqing, China; School of Engineering, University of Warwick, CV47AL, Coventry, UK
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Microelectronic and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, 400044, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Hu
- School of Microelectronic and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, 400044, Chongqing, China
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169
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Wang S, He Q, Qu Y, Yin W, Zhao R, Wang X, Yang Y, Guo ZN. Emerging strategies for nerve repair and regeneration in ischemic stroke: neural stem cell therapy. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2430-2443. [PMID: 38526280 PMCID: PMC11090435 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.391313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide, with limited treatment options available in clinical practice. The emergence of stem cell therapy has provided new hope to the field of stroke treatment via the restoration of brain neuron function. Exogenous neural stem cells are beneficial not only in cell replacement but also through the bystander effect. Neural stem cells regulate multiple physiological responses, including nerve repair, endogenous regeneration, immune function, and blood-brain barrier permeability, through the secretion of bioactive substances, including extracellular vesicles/exosomes. However, due to the complex microenvironment of ischemic cerebrovascular events and the low survival rate of neural stem cells following transplantation, limitations in the treatment effect remain unresolved. In this paper, we provide a detailed summary of the potential mechanisms of neural stem cell therapy for the treatment of ischemic stroke, review current neural stem cell therapeutic strategies and clinical trial results, and summarize the latest advancements in neural stem cell engineering to improve the survival rate of neural stem cells. We hope that this review could help provide insight into the therapeutic potential of neural stem cells and guide future scientific endeavors on neural stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siji Wang
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qianyan He
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yang Qu
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wenjing Yin
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ruoyu Zhao
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xuyutian Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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170
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Hackney BC, Pyles JA, Grossman ED. A quantitative comparison of atlas parcellations on the human superior temporal sulcus. Brain Res 2024; 1842:149119. [PMID: 38986829 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The superior temporal sulcus (STS) has a functional topography that has been difficult to characterize through traditional approaches. Automated atlas parcellations may be one solution while also being beneficial for both dimensional reduction and standardizing regions of interest, but they yield very different boundary definitions along the STS. Here we evaluate how well machine learning classifiers can correctly identify six social cognitive tasks from STS activation patterns dimensionally reduced using four popular atlases (Glasser et al., 2016; Gordon et al., 2016; Power et al., 2011 as projected onto the surface by Arslan et al., 2018; Schaefer et al., 2018). Functional data was summarized within each STS parcel in one of four ways, then subjected to leave-one-subject-out cross-validation SVM classification. We found that the classifiers could readily label conditions when data was parcellated using any of the four atlases, evidence that dimensional reduction to parcels did not compromise functional fingerprints. Mean activation for the social conditions was the most effective metric for classification in the right STS, whereas all the metrics classified equally well in the left STS. Interestingly, even atlases constructed from random parcellation schemes (null atlases) classified the conditions with high accuracy. We therefore conclude that the complex activation maps on the STS are readily differentiated at a coarse granular level, despite a strict topography having not yet been identified. Further work is required to identify what features have greatest potential to improve the utility of atlases in replacing functional localizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon C Hackney
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 2201 Social & Behavioral Sciences Gateway, Irvine, CA 92697, United States.
| | - John A Pyles
- Department of Psychology, Center for Human Neuroscience, University of Washington, 119 Guthrie Hall, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Emily D Grossman
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 2201 Social & Behavioral Sciences Gateway, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
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171
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Saliu IO, Zhao G. New insights into astrocyte diversity from the lens of transcriptional regulation and their implications for neurodegenerative disease treatments. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2335-2336. [PMID: 38526262 PMCID: PMC11090421 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Guoyan Zhao
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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172
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Gilbert SF. "When does human life begin?" teaching human embryology in the context of the American abortion debate. Dev Biol 2024; 515:102-111. [PMID: 39004200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The Dobbs decision of the United States Supreme Court and the actions of several state legislatures have made it risky, if not outright dangerous, to teach factual material concerning human embryology. At some state universities, for instance, if a professor's lecture is felt to teach or discuss abortion (as it might when teaching about tubal pregnancies, hydatidiform moles, or eneuploidy), that instructor risks imprisonment for up to 14 years (Gyori, 2023). Some states' new censorship rules have thus caused professors to drop modules on abortion from numerous science and humanities courses. In most states, instructors can still teach about human embryonic development and not risk putting their careers or livelihoods in jeopardy. However, even in many of these institutions, students can bring a professor to a disciplinary hearing by claiming that the instructor failed to provide ample trigger warnings on such issues. This essay attempts to provide some strategies wherein human embryology and the ethical issues surrounding it might be taught and students may be given resources to counter unscientific falsehoods about fertilization and human development. This essay provides evidence for teaching the following propositions. Mis-information about human biology and medicine is rampant on the internet, and there are skills that can be taught to students that will help them determine which sites should trusted. This is a skill that needs to be taught as part of science courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott F Gilbert
- Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, 19081, USA; University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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173
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Borruto AM, Calpe-López C, Spanagel R, Bernardi RE. Conditional deletion of the AMPA-GluA1 and NMDA-GluN1 receptor subunit genes in midbrain D1 neurons does not alter cocaine reward in mice. Neuropharmacology 2024; 258:110081. [PMID: 39002853 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity in the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system contributes to the neural adaptations underlying addictive behaviors and relapse. However, the specific behavioral relevance of glutamatergic excitatory drive onto dopamine D1 receptor (D1R)-expressing neurons in mediating the reinforcing effect of cocaine remains unclear. Here, we investigated how midbrain AMPAR and NMDAR function modulate cocaine reward-related behavior using mutant mouse lines lacking the glutamate receptor genes Gria1 or Grin1 in D1R-expressing neurons (GluA1D1CreERT2 or GluN1D1CreERT2, respectively). We found that conditional genetic deletion of either GluA1 or GluN1 within this neuronal sub-population did not impact the ability of acute cocaine injection to increase intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) ratio or reduced brain reward threshold compared to littermate controls. Additionally, our data demonstrate that deletion of GluA1 and GluN1 receptor subunits within D1R-expressing neurons did not affect cocaine reinforcement in an operant self-administration paradigm, as mutant mice showed comparable cocaine responses and intake to controls. Given the pivotal role of glutamate receptors in mediating relapse behavior, we further explored the impact of genetic deletion of AMPAR and NMDAR onto D1R-expressing neurons on cue-induced reinstatement following extinction. Surprisingly, deletion of AMPAR and NMDAR onto these neurons did not impair cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior. These findings suggest that glutamatergic activity via NMDAR and AMPAR in D1R-expressing neurons may not exclusively mediate the reinforcing effects of cocaine and cue-induced reinstatement.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cocaine/pharmacology
- Cocaine/administration & dosage
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/genetics
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism
- Reward
- Receptors, AMPA/genetics
- Receptors, AMPA/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/metabolism
- Mice
- Self Administration
- Male
- Mesencephalon/metabolism
- Mesencephalon/drug effects
- Conditioning, Operant/drug effects
- Conditioning, Operant/physiology
- Neurons/metabolism
- Neurons/drug effects
- Mice, Knockout
- Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Reinforcement, Psychology
- Nerve Tissue Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Borruto
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Claudia Calpe-López
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Mannheim, Heidelberg, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rick E Bernardi
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
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174
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Alves VC, Carro E, Figueiro-Silva J. Unveiling DNA methylation in Alzheimer's disease: a review of array-based human brain studies. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2365-2376. [PMID: 38526273 PMCID: PMC11090417 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.393106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricacies of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis are being increasingly illuminated by the exploration of epigenetic mechanisms, particularly DNA methylation. This review comprehensively surveys recent human-centered studies that investigate whole genome DNA methylation in Alzheimer's disease neuropathology. The examination of various brain regions reveals distinctive DNA methylation patterns that associate with the Braak stage and Alzheimer's disease progression. The entorhinal cortex emerges as a focal point due to its early histological alterations and subsequent impact on downstream regions like the hippocampus. Notably, ANK1 hypermethylation, a protein implicated in neurofibrillary tangle formation, was recurrently identified in the entorhinal cortex. Further, the middle temporal gyrus and prefrontal cortex were shown to exhibit significant hypermethylation of genes like HOXA3, RHBDF2, and MCF2L, potentially influencing neuroinflammatory processes. The complex role of BIN1 in late-onset Alzheimer's disease is underscored by its association with altered methylation patterns. Despite the disparities across studies, these findings highlight the intricate interplay between epigenetic modifications and Alzheimer's disease pathology. Future research efforts should address methodological variations, incorporate diverse cohorts, and consider environmental factors to unravel the nuanced epigenetic landscape underlying Alzheimer's disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Cunha Alves
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Network Center for Biomedical Research, Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, Autonoma de Madrid University, Madrid, Spain
- Neurotraumatology and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Group, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Carro
- Network Center for Biomedical Research, Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Neurobiology of Alzheimer's Disease Unit, Functional Unit for Research Into Chronic Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joana Figueiro-Silva
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Life Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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175
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Liu KE, Kucenas S. Rohon-beard neurons do not succumb to programmed cell death during zebrafish development. Dev Biol 2024; 515:186-198. [PMID: 38944329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
During neural development, sculpting of early formed circuits by cell death and synaptic pruning is necessary to generate a functional and efficient nervous system. This allows for the establishment of rudimentary circuits which necessitate early organism survival to later undergo subsequent refinement. These changes facilitate additional specificity to stimuli which can lead to increased behavioral complexity. In multiple species, Rohon-Beard neurons (RBs) are the earliest mechanosensory neurons specified and are critical in establishing a rudimentary motor response circuit. Sensory input from RBs gradually becomes redundant as dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons develop and integrate into motor circuits. Previous studies demonstrate that RBs undergo a dramatic wave of cell death concurrent with development of the DRG. However, contrary to these studies, we show that neurogenin1+ (ngn1) RBs do not undergo a widespread wave of programmed cell death during early zebrafish development and instead persist until at least 15 days post fertilization (dpf). Starting at 2 dpf, we also observed a dramatic medialization and shrinkage of ngn1+ RB somas along with a gradual downregulation of ngn1 in RBs. This alters a fundamental premise of early zebrafish neural development and opens new avenues to explore mechanisms of RB function, persistence, and circuit refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra E Liu
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA; Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Sarah Kucenas
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA; Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA; Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA.
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176
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Wang S, Tong S, Jin X, Li N, Dang P, Sui Y, Liu Y, Wang D. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of the retina under acute high intraocular pressure. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2522-2531. [PMID: 38526288 PMCID: PMC11090430 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.389363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202419110-00032/figure1/v/2024-03-08T184507Z/r/image-tiff High intraocular pressure causes retinal ganglion cell injury in primary and secondary glaucoma diseases, yet the molecular landscape characteristics of retinal cells under high intraocular pressure remain unknown. Rat models of acute hypertension ocular pressure were established by injection of cross-linked hyaluronic acid hydrogel (Healaflow®). Single-cell RNA sequencing was then used to describe the cellular composition and molecular profile of the retina following high intraocular pressure. Our results identified a total of 12 cell types, namely retinal pigment epithelial cells, rod-photoreceptor cells, bipolar cells, Müller cells, microglia, cone-photoreceptor cells, retinal ganglion cells, endothelial cells, retinal progenitor cells, oligodendrocytes, pericytes, and fibroblasts. The single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of the retina under acute high intraocular pressure revealed obvious changes in the proportions of various retinal cells, with ganglion cells decreased by 23%. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and TUNEL staining confirmed the damage to retinal ganglion cells under high intraocular pressure. We extracted data from retinal ganglion cells and analyzed the retinal ganglion cell cluster with the most distinct expression. We found upregulation of the B3gat2 gene, which is associated with neuronal migration and adhesion, and downregulation of the Tsc22d gene, which participates in inhibition of inflammation. This study is the first to reveal molecular changes and intercellular interactions in the retina under high intraocular pressure. These data contribute to understanding of the molecular mechanism of retinal injury induced by high intraocular pressure and will benefit the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Wang
- Division of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Siti Tong
- Division of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Division of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- Division of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pingxiu Dang
- Division of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Sui
- Division of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dajiang Wang
- Division of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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177
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Li B, Liu T, Shen Y, Qin J, Chang X, Wu M, Guo J, Liu L, Wei C, Lyu Y, Tian F, Yin J, Wang T, Zhang W, Qiu Y. TFEB/LAMP2 contributes to PM 0.2-induced autophagy-lysosome dysfunction and alpha-synuclein dysregulation in astrocytes. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 145:117-127. [PMID: 38844312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) exacerbates the risk factor for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases (PD) by promoting the alpha-synuclein (α-syn) pathology in the brain. However, the molecular mechanisms of astrocytes involvement in α-syn pathology underlying the process remain unclear. This study investigated PM with particle size <200 nm (PM0.2) exposure-induced α-syn pathology in ICR mice and primary astrocytes, then assessed the effects of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor (PP242) in vitro studies. We observed the α-syn pathology in the brains of exposed mice. Meanwhile, PM0.2-exposed mice also exhibited the activation of glial cell and the inhibition of autophagy. In vitro study, PM0.2 (3, 10 and 30 µg/mL) induced inflammatory response and the disorders of α-syn degradation in primary astrocytes, and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2)-mediated autophagy underlies α-syn pathology. The abnormal function of autophagy-lysosome was specifically manifested as the expression of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3II), cathepsin B (CTSB) and lysosomal abundance increased first and then decreased, which might both be a compensatory mechanism to toxic α-syn accumulation induced by PM0.2. Moreover, with the transcription factor EB (TFEB) subcellular localization and the increase in LC3II, LAMP2, CTSB, and cathepsin D proteins were identified, leading to the restoration of the degradation of α-syn after the intervention of PP242. Our results identified that PM0.2 exposure could promote the α-syn pathological dysregulation in astrocytes, providing mechanistic insights into how PM0.2 increases the risk of developing PD and highlighting TFEB/LAMP2 as a promising therapeutic target for antagonizing PM0.2 toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Li
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China.
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Yongmei Shen
- Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Jiangnan Qin
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Xiaohan Chang
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Meiqiong Wu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Jianquan Guo
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Liangpo Liu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Cailing Wei
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Yi Lyu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Fengjie Tian
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Jinzhu Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sinopharm Tongmei General Hospital, Datong 037003, China
| | - Tong Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Wenping Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Yulan Qiu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China.
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178
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Dong W, Liu S, Li S, Wang Z. Cell reprogramming therapy for Parkinson's disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2444-2455. [PMID: 38526281 PMCID: PMC11090434 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.390965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is typically characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Many studies have been performed based on the supplementation of lost dopaminergic neurons to treat Parkinson's disease. The initial strategy for cell replacement therapy used human fetal ventral midbrain and human embryonic stem cells to treat Parkinson's disease, which could substantially alleviate the symptoms of Parkinson's disease in clinical practice. However, ethical issues and tumor formation were limitations of its clinical application. Induced pluripotent stem cells can be acquired without sacrificing human embryos, which eliminates the huge ethical barriers of human stem cell therapy. Another widely considered neuronal regeneration strategy is to directly reprogram fibroblasts and astrocytes into neurons, without the need for intermediate proliferation states, thus avoiding issues of immune rejection and tumor formation. Both induced pluripotent stem cells and direct reprogramming of lineage cells have shown promising results in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. However, there are also ethical concerns and the risk of tumor formation that need to be addressed. This review highlights the current application status of cell reprogramming in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, focusing on the use of induced pluripotent stem cells in cell replacement therapy, including preclinical animal models and progress in clinical research. The review also discusses the advancements in direct reprogramming of lineage cells in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, as well as the controversy surrounding in vivo reprogramming. These findings suggest that cell reprogramming may hold great promise as a potential strategy for treating Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Shuyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Shangang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zhengbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
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179
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Cao Y, Zhang J, He X, Wu C, Liu Z, Zhu B, Miao L. Empathic pain: Exploring the multidimensional impacts of biological and social aspects in pain. Neuropharmacology 2024; 258:110091. [PMID: 39059575 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Empathic pain refers to an individual's perception, judgment, and emotional response to others' pain. This complex social cognitive ability is crucial for healthy interactions in human society. In recent years, with the development of multidisciplinary research in neuroscience, psychology and sociology, empathic pain has become a focal point of widespread attention in these fields. However, the neural mechanism underlying empathic pain remain a controversial and unresolved area. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the history, influencing factors, neural mechanisms and pharmacological interventions of empathic pain. We hope to provide a comprehensive scientific perspective on how humans perceive and respond to others' pain experiences and to provide guidance for future research directions and clinical applications. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Empathic Pain".
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchun Cao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Xiaofang He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Chenye Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changshu, 215500, China
| | - Zeyuan Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, China.
| | - Liying Miao
- Department of Blood Purification Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China.
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180
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Ziccardi S, Tamanti A, Ruggieri C, Guandalini M, Marastoni D, Camera V, Montibeller L, Mazziotti V, Rossi S, Calderone M, Pizzini FB, Montemezzi S, Magliozzi R, Calabrese M. CSF Parvalbumin Levels at Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis Predict Future Worse Cognition, Physical Disability, Fatigue, and Gray Matter Damage. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2024; 11:e200301. [PMID: 39178066 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cognitive impairment (CI) in multiple sclerosis (MS) is frequent and determined by a complex interplay between inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes. We aimed to investigate whether CSF parvalbumin (PVALB), measured at the time of diagnosis, may have a prognostic role in patients with MS. METHODS In this cohort study, CSF analysis of PVALB and Nf-L levels was performed on all patients at diagnosis (T0) and combined with physical, cognitive, and MRI assessment after an average of 4 years of follow-up (T4) from diagnosis. Cognitive performance was evaluated with a comprehensive neuropsychologic battery: both global (cognitively normal, CN, mildly CI, mCI, and severely CI, sCI) and domain cognitive status (normal/impaired in memory, attention/information processing speed, and executive functions) were considered. Cortical thickness and gray matter volume data were acquired using 3T MRI scanner. RESULTS A total of 72 patients with MS were included. At diagnosis, PVALB levels were higher in those patients who showed a worsening physical disability after 4 years of follow-up (p = 0.011). CSF PVALB levels were higher in sCI patients than in CN (p = 0.033). Moreover, higher PVALB levels significantly correlated with worse global cognitive (p = 0.024) and memory functioning (p = 0.044). A preliminary clinical threshold for PVALB levels at diagnosis was proposed (2.57 ng/mL), which maximizes the risk of showing CI (in particular, sCI) at follow-up, with a sensitivity of 91% (specificity 30%). No significant results were found for these associations with Nf-L. In addition, patients with higher levels of PVALB at diagnosis showed higher cognitive (p = 0.024) and global fatigue (p = 0.043) at follow-up. Finally, higher PVALB levels also correlated significantly with more pronounced CTh/volume at T4 in the inferior frontal gyrus (p = 0.044), postcentral gyrus (p = 0.025), frontal pole (p = 0.042), transverse temporal gyrus (p = 0.008), and cerebellar cortex (p = 0.041) and higher atrophy (change T0-T4) in the right thalamus (p = 0.038), pericalcarine cortex (p = 0.009), lingual gyrus (p = 0.045), and medial frontal gyrus (p = 0.028). DISCUSSION The significant association found between parvalbumin levels in the CSF at diagnosis and cognitive, clinical, and neuroradiologic worsening after 4 years of follow-up support the idea that parvalbumin, in addition to Nf-L, might represent a new potential prognostic biomarker, reflecting MS neurodegenerative processes occurring since early disease stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ziccardi
- From the Department of Neurosciences (S.Z., A.T., C.R., M.G., D.M., V.C., L.M., V.M., S.R., R.M., M. Calabrese), Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (S.R.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Radiology Unit (M. Calderone), Cmsr Veneto Medica s.r.l., Altavilla Vicentina, Vicenza; and Institute of Radiology (F.B.P., S.M.), University of Verona, Italy
| | - Agnese Tamanti
- From the Department of Neurosciences (S.Z., A.T., C.R., M.G., D.M., V.C., L.M., V.M., S.R., R.M., M. Calabrese), Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (S.R.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Radiology Unit (M. Calderone), Cmsr Veneto Medica s.r.l., Altavilla Vicentina, Vicenza; and Institute of Radiology (F.B.P., S.M.), University of Verona, Italy
| | - Claudia Ruggieri
- From the Department of Neurosciences (S.Z., A.T., C.R., M.G., D.M., V.C., L.M., V.M., S.R., R.M., M. Calabrese), Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (S.R.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Radiology Unit (M. Calderone), Cmsr Veneto Medica s.r.l., Altavilla Vicentina, Vicenza; and Institute of Radiology (F.B.P., S.M.), University of Verona, Italy
| | - Maddalena Guandalini
- From the Department of Neurosciences (S.Z., A.T., C.R., M.G., D.M., V.C., L.M., V.M., S.R., R.M., M. Calabrese), Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (S.R.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Radiology Unit (M. Calderone), Cmsr Veneto Medica s.r.l., Altavilla Vicentina, Vicenza; and Institute of Radiology (F.B.P., S.M.), University of Verona, Italy
| | - Damiano Marastoni
- From the Department of Neurosciences (S.Z., A.T., C.R., M.G., D.M., V.C., L.M., V.M., S.R., R.M., M. Calabrese), Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (S.R.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Radiology Unit (M. Calderone), Cmsr Veneto Medica s.r.l., Altavilla Vicentina, Vicenza; and Institute of Radiology (F.B.P., S.M.), University of Verona, Italy
| | - Valentina Camera
- From the Department of Neurosciences (S.Z., A.T., C.R., M.G., D.M., V.C., L.M., V.M., S.R., R.M., M. Calabrese), Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (S.R.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Radiology Unit (M. Calderone), Cmsr Veneto Medica s.r.l., Altavilla Vicentina, Vicenza; and Institute of Radiology (F.B.P., S.M.), University of Verona, Italy
| | - Luigi Montibeller
- From the Department of Neurosciences (S.Z., A.T., C.R., M.G., D.M., V.C., L.M., V.M., S.R., R.M., M. Calabrese), Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (S.R.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Radiology Unit (M. Calderone), Cmsr Veneto Medica s.r.l., Altavilla Vicentina, Vicenza; and Institute of Radiology (F.B.P., S.M.), University of Verona, Italy
| | - Valentina Mazziotti
- From the Department of Neurosciences (S.Z., A.T., C.R., M.G., D.M., V.C., L.M., V.M., S.R., R.M., M. Calabrese), Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (S.R.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Radiology Unit (M. Calderone), Cmsr Veneto Medica s.r.l., Altavilla Vicentina, Vicenza; and Institute of Radiology (F.B.P., S.M.), University of Verona, Italy
| | - Stefania Rossi
- From the Department of Neurosciences (S.Z., A.T., C.R., M.G., D.M., V.C., L.M., V.M., S.R., R.M., M. Calabrese), Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (S.R.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Radiology Unit (M. Calderone), Cmsr Veneto Medica s.r.l., Altavilla Vicentina, Vicenza; and Institute of Radiology (F.B.P., S.M.), University of Verona, Italy
| | - Milena Calderone
- From the Department of Neurosciences (S.Z., A.T., C.R., M.G., D.M., V.C., L.M., V.M., S.R., R.M., M. Calabrese), Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (S.R.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Radiology Unit (M. Calderone), Cmsr Veneto Medica s.r.l., Altavilla Vicentina, Vicenza; and Institute of Radiology (F.B.P., S.M.), University of Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Benedetta Pizzini
- From the Department of Neurosciences (S.Z., A.T., C.R., M.G., D.M., V.C., L.M., V.M., S.R., R.M., M. Calabrese), Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (S.R.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Radiology Unit (M. Calderone), Cmsr Veneto Medica s.r.l., Altavilla Vicentina, Vicenza; and Institute of Radiology (F.B.P., S.M.), University of Verona, Italy
| | - Stefania Montemezzi
- From the Department of Neurosciences (S.Z., A.T., C.R., M.G., D.M., V.C., L.M., V.M., S.R., R.M., M. Calabrese), Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (S.R.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Radiology Unit (M. Calderone), Cmsr Veneto Medica s.r.l., Altavilla Vicentina, Vicenza; and Institute of Radiology (F.B.P., S.M.), University of Verona, Italy
| | - Roberta Magliozzi
- From the Department of Neurosciences (S.Z., A.T., C.R., M.G., D.M., V.C., L.M., V.M., S.R., R.M., M. Calabrese), Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (S.R.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Radiology Unit (M. Calderone), Cmsr Veneto Medica s.r.l., Altavilla Vicentina, Vicenza; and Institute of Radiology (F.B.P., S.M.), University of Verona, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Calabrese
- From the Department of Neurosciences (S.Z., A.T., C.R., M.G., D.M., V.C., L.M., V.M., S.R., R.M., M. Calabrese), Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (S.R.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Radiology Unit (M. Calderone), Cmsr Veneto Medica s.r.l., Altavilla Vicentina, Vicenza; and Institute of Radiology (F.B.P., S.M.), University of Verona, Italy
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Ren S, Peng H, Zhang J, Yang J, He Y, Sun Z, Wang G. A genome-wide association study of escitalopram treatment outcomes in patients with major depressive disorder. Gene 2024; 926:148596. [PMID: 38782219 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychological condition, the consequences of which, such as suicide, can be severe. Escitalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, is a commonly used antidepressant in clinics. However, more than one-third of patients with MDD do not respond to this drug. Gene polymorphism may affect the efficacy of escitalopram, but the genetic architecture of the antidepressant response in patients with MDD remains unclear. We perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the genetic effect on the outcome of escitalopram in patients with MDD. A total of 203 patients with MDD and 176 healthy control (HC) adults were recruited from Beijing Anding Hospital. Patients received 12 weeks of antidepressant treatment with escitalopram. The Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self-Report (QIDS-SR) or Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) were used to evaluate the severity of depression symptoms at the baseline and the end of 2 and 12 weeks of treatment. A total of 140 variants in MDD patients were identified by GWAS to have genome-wide significance (p < 5e - 8) compared with HCs. Similarly, 189 and 18 variants were identified to be associated with QIDS-SR and HAMD score changes in patients after antidepressant treatment (p < 1e - 5), including rs12602361, rs72799048, rs16842235, and rs2518256. In the two weeks QIDS-SR score study, the gene-level association for these variants and gene set enrichment analyses implicate the enrichment of genes involved in the synaptic plasticity process and nervous system development. Our results implicate the predictive capacity of the effect of escitalopram treatment, supporting a link between genetic basis and remission of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Ren
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - He Peng
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH). Hannover, Germany; TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Jinniu Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Yang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi He
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zuoli Sun
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Gang Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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182
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Xing-Xing C, Ri-Jin H, Xin-Ge W, Cai-Ying Y, Qing Y, Ying C, Qi L, Xiao-Xin Z, Lihong Y, Long C, Yu D. Mechanistic exploration of the shenlian formula in the suppression of atherosclerosis progression via network pharmacology and in vivo experimental validation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118347. [PMID: 38801914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Shenlian formula (SL) is a Chinese medicine formula used to curb the development of atherosclerosis (AS) and cardiovascular disease in clinical practice. However, owing to the complexity of compounds and their related multiple targets in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), it remains difficult and urgent to elucidate the underlying mechanisms at a holistic level. AIM To investigate the intrinsic mechanisms by which SL suppresses AS progression and to gain new insight into its clinical use. METHODS We proposed a network pharmacology-based workflow to evaluate the mechanism by which SL affects AS via data analysis, target prediction, PPI network construction, GO and KEGG analyses, and a "drug-core ingredient-potential target-key pathway" network. Then, non-targeted lipidomic analysis was performed to explore the differential lipid metabolites in AS rats, revealing the possible mechanism by which SL affects atherosclerotic progression. Moreover, an AS rabbit model was constructed and gavaged for SL intervention. Serum lipid profiles and inflammatory cytokine indices were tested as an indication of the mitigating effect of SL on AS. RESULTS A total of 89 bioactive compounds and 298 targets related to SL and AS, which play essential roles in this process, were identified, and a component-target-disease network was constructed. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that SL regulated metabolic pathway, lipids and atherosclerosis, the PI3K-Akt pathway, the MAPK pathway and so on. In vivo experimental validation revealed that a total of 43 different lipid metabolites regulated by SL were identified by non-targeted lipidomics, and glycerophospholipid metabolism was found to be an important mechanism for SL to interfere with AS. SL reduced the plaque area and decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-4) and blood lipids (TC, TG, LDL-C, and ApoB) in HFD-induced AS models. In addition, HDL and ApoA1 levels are increased. PLA2 and Lipin1 are highly expressed in AS model, indicating their role in destabilizing glycerophosphatidylcholine metabolism and contributing to the onset and progression of ankylosing spondylitis. Moreover, SL intervention significantly reduced the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines; significantly down-regulated NF-kB/p65 expression, exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity. CONCLUSION The Shenlian formula (SL) plays a pivotal role in the suppression of AS progression by targeting multiple pathways and mechanisms. This study provides novel insights into the essential genes and pathways associated with the prognosis and pathogenesis of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xing-Xing
- Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New Area, Honghuagang District, Zunyi, 563003, PR China.
| | - Hao Ri-Jin
- Shanxi Pharmaceuticals Vocational College, No. 16, Minhangnanlu, Taiyuan, 030031, PR China.
| | - Wang Xin-Ge
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100053, No. 5, Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, PR China; Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, West Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| | - Yan Cai-Ying
- Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New Area, Honghuagang District, Zunyi, 563003, PR China.
| | - Yang Qing
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, PR China.
| | - Chen Ying
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, PR China.
| | - Li Qi
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, PR China.
| | - Zhu Xiao-Xin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, PR China.
| | - Yang Lihong
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, PR China.
| | - Cheng Long
- College of Nursing, Chifeng University, 024000, No. 1, Yingbing Road, Hongshan District, Chifeng, PR China.
| | - Dong Yu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100053, No. 5, Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, PR China.
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183
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Chow LH, Lin PC, Chen YJ, Chen YH, Huang EYK. Yangonin, one of the kavalactones isolated from Piper methysticum G. Forst, acts through cannabinoid 1 (CB 1) receptors to induce an intrathecal anti-hyperalgesia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118394. [PMID: 38823663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Piper methysticum G. Forst (Piperaceae) is traditionally consumed in Polynesian culture. The roots are used to produce an entheogenic drink and traditional medicine with sedative and anxiolytic properties. There is also evidence that it functions as a pain reliever. Kavalactones, its main active ingredients, exhibit psychoactive effects on the central nervous system. However, the active ingredients and pharmacological mechanisms underlying the analgesic effect of kavalactones are unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the effects of kavain and yangonin on nociception, inflammatory hyperalgesia, and neuropathic mechanical allodynia at the spinal level. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered kavain and yangonin (27.14 and 19.36 nmol/rat) via intrathecal injection. Tail-flick tests were performed to evaluate the anti-nociceptive properties. The efficacy of kavain and yangonin on inflammatory hyperalgesia was examined using a plantar test in rats with carrageenan-induced paw inflammation. The von Frey test was used to assess mechanical allodynia induced by partial sciatic nerve ligation. RESULTS Intrathecal injection of yangonin demonstrated a relatively potent anti-nociceptive effect and attenuated carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia. These effects were completely reversed by the co-administration of PF 514273, a cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor antagonist. However, yangonin did not affect mechanical allodynia at the spinal level. Kavain, another abundant kavalactone, did not affect nociception, hyperalgesia, or mechanical allodynia at the spinal level. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study demonstrated that yangonin exerts anti-nociception and anti-inflammatory hyperalgesia effects via CB1 receptors at the spinal level. We identified a single kavalactone, yangonin, extracted from kava as a promising treatment for pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lok-Hi Chow
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and Institute of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing, National Yung Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Pin-Chen Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Jie Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yuan-Hao Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Eagle Yi-Kung Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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184
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Liu Y, Yao Y, Fang W, Wang X, Lu W. Combinatorial therapy with sub-effective Ro25-6981 and ZL006 ameliorates depressive-like behavior in single or combined stressed male mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 730:150385. [PMID: 39002200 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Major depression is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder that poses a significant challenge to health. However, development of an effective therapy for the disease has long been difficult. Here, we investigate the efficacy of a novel combinatorial treatment employing sub-effective doses of Ro25-6981, an antagonist targeting GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors, in conjunction with ZL006, an inhibitor of the PSD95/nNOS, on mouse models of depression. We employed social isolation, chronic restraint stress, or a combination of both to establish a depressed mouse model. Treatment with the drug combination reduced depressive-like behaviors without affecting locomotor activity in mice subjected to social isolation or chronic restraint stress. Furthermore, the combination therapy ameliorated depressive-like behaviors induced by combined stress of chronic restraint followed by social isolation. Mechanistic studies revealed that the combined treatment downregulated the hippocampal nitric oxide level. However, the therapeutic benefits of this combination were negated by the activation of NMDA receptors with a low dose of NMDA or by increasing nitric oxide levels with l-arginine. Moreover, the combinatorial treatment had negligible effects on object memory and contextual fear memory. Our data establish a combined therapy paradigm, providing a potential strategy targeting major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiu Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yilan Yao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Weiqing Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xuemeng Wang
- Department of the First Clinical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
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185
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Duan P, Feng X, Peng X, Wang L, Wang H, Kan J. Degradation and transformation mechanisms of pungent substances in huajiao (Zanthoxylum bungeanum) oil during storage: Induced by ultraviolet irradiation. Food Chem 2024; 455:139674. [PMID: 38824728 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The pungency of huajiao (scientifically known as Zanthoxylum bungeanum) oil (ZBO), a crucial seasoning oil, is notably influenced by storage conditions, an aspect insufficiently explored in current research. Through the use of high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, this study systematically investigated the stability of pungent compounds in ZBO under various storage conditions. It also elucidated the degradation and transformation mechanisms of these substances when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The results underscore elevated temperature, light exposure, oxygen, and storage duration as pivotal factors influencing compound degradation, with UV light emerging as the primary driving force. After 48 h of UV exposure, the primary pungent compound, hydroxy-α-sanshool, experienced a significant loss of 85.49%, indicating a pronounced inclination towards isomerization and oxidation. Notably, this study reveals, for the first time, the possible degradation-transformation pattern of hydroxy-γ-sanshool: a mutual conversion with hydroxy-γ-isosanshool and isomerization to (2E,4E,8Z,10E,12Z)-N-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl) tetradeca-2,4,8,10,12-pentaenamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Duan
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Xiya Feng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Peng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
| | - Jianquan Kan
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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Russo ML, Ayala G, Neal D, Rogalsky AE, Ahmad S, Musial TF, Pearlman M, Bean LA, Farooqi AK, Ahmed A, Castaneda A, Patel A, Parduhn Z, Haddad LG, Gabriel A, Disterhoft JF, Nicholson DA. Alzheimer's-linked axonal changes accompany elevated antidromic action potential failure rate in aged mice. Brain Res 2024; 1841:149083. [PMID: 38866308 PMCID: PMC11323114 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects both grey and white matter (WM), but considerably more is known about the former. Interestingly, WM disruption has been consistently observed and thoroughly described using imaging modalities, particularly MRI which has shown WM functional disconnections between the hippocampus and other brain regions during AD pathogenesis when early neurodegeneration and synapse loss are also evident. Nonetheless, high-resolution structural and functional analyses of WM during AD pathogenesis remain scarce. Given the importance of the myelinated axons in the WM for conveying information across brain regions, such studies will provide valuable information on the cellular drivers and consequences of WM disruption that contribute to the characteristic cognitive decline of AD. Here, we employed a multi-scale approach to investigate hippocampal WM disruption during AD pathogenesis and determine whether hippocampal WM changes accompany the well-documented grey matter losses. Our data indicate that ultrastructural myelin disruption is elevated in the alveus in human AD cases and increases with age in 5xFAD mice. Unreliable action potential propagation and changes to sodium channel expression at the node of Ranvier co-emerged with this deterioration. These findings provide important insight to the neurobiological substrates and functional consequences of decreased WM integrity and are consistent with the notion that hippocampal disconnection contributes to cognitive changes in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Russo
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Gelique Ayala
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Demetria Neal
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Annalise E Rogalsky
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Suzan Ahmad
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Timothy F Musial
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Morgan Pearlman
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Linda A Bean
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Anise K Farooqi
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Aysha Ahmed
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Adrian Castaneda
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Aneri Patel
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Zachary Parduhn
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Loreece G Haddad
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ashley Gabriel
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - John F Disterhoft
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Daniel A Nicholson
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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187
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Tao Q, Dang J, Guo H, Zhang M, Niu X, Kang Y, Sun J, Ma L, Wei Y, Wang W, Wen B, Cheng J, Han S, Zhang Y. Abnormalities in static and dynamic intrinsic neural activity and neurotransmitters in first-episode OCD. J Affect Disord 2024; 363:609-618. [PMID: 39029696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling disorder in which the temporal variability of regional brain connectivity is not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate alterations in static and dynamic intrinsic neural activity (INA) in first-episode OCD and whether these changes have the potential to reflect neurotransmitters. METHODS A total of 95 first-episode OCD patients and 106 matched healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study. Based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), the static and dynamic local connectivity coherence (calculated by static and dynamic regional homogeneity, sReHo and dReHo) were compared between the two groups. Furthermore, correlations between abnormal INA and PET- and SPECT-derived maps were performed to examine specific neurotransmitter system changes underlying INA abnormalities in OCD. RESULTS Compared with HCs, OCD showed decreased sReHo and dReHo values in left superior, middle temporal gyrus (STG/MTG), left Heschl gyrus (HES), left putamen, left insula, bilateral paracentral lobular (PCL), right postcentral gyrus (PoCG), right precentral gyrus (PreCG), left precuneus and right supplementary motor area (SMA). Decreased dReHo values were also found in left PoCG, left PreCG, left SMA and left middle cingulate cortex (MCC). Meanwhile, alterations in INA present in brain regions were correlated with dopamine system (D2, FDOPA), norepinephrine transporter (NAT) and the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) maps. CONCLUSION Static and dynamic INA abnormalities exist in first-episode OCD, having the potential to reveal the molecular characteristics. The results help to further understand the pathophysiological mechanism and provide alternative therapeutic targets of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuying Tao
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of medical imaging intelligent diagnosis and treatment, China; Henan key laboratory of imaging intelligence research, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, China
| | - Jinghan Dang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of medical imaging intelligent diagnosis and treatment, China; Henan key laboratory of imaging intelligence research, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, China
| | - Huirong Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Mengzhe Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of medical imaging intelligent diagnosis and treatment, China; Henan key laboratory of imaging intelligence research, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, China
| | - Xiaoyu Niu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of medical imaging intelligent diagnosis and treatment, China; Henan key laboratory of imaging intelligence research, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, China
| | - Yimeng Kang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of medical imaging intelligent diagnosis and treatment, China; Henan key laboratory of imaging intelligence research, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, China
| | - Jieping Sun
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of medical imaging intelligent diagnosis and treatment, China; Henan key laboratory of imaging intelligence research, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, China
| | - Longyao Ma
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of medical imaging intelligent diagnosis and treatment, China; Henan key laboratory of imaging intelligence research, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, China
| | - Yarui Wei
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of medical imaging intelligent diagnosis and treatment, China; Henan key laboratory of imaging intelligence research, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, China
| | - Weijian Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of medical imaging intelligent diagnosis and treatment, China; Henan key laboratory of imaging intelligence research, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, China
| | - Baohong Wen
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of medical imaging intelligent diagnosis and treatment, China; Henan key laboratory of imaging intelligence research, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of medical imaging intelligent diagnosis and treatment, China; Henan key laboratory of imaging intelligence research, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, China.
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of medical imaging intelligent diagnosis and treatment, China; Henan key laboratory of imaging intelligence research, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of medical imaging intelligent diagnosis and treatment, China; Henan key laboratory of imaging intelligence research, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, China.
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188
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Müller S, Lieb K, Streit F, Awasthi S, Wagner S, Frank J, Müller MB, Tadic A, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Hoffmann P, Mavarani L, Schmidt B, Rietschel M, Witt SH, Zillich L, Engelmann J. Common polygenic variation in the early medication change (EMC) cohort affects disorder risk, but not the antidepressant treatment response. J Affect Disord 2024; 363:542-551. [PMID: 39038621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the great interest in identifying reliable predictors of the response to antidepressant drugs, the present study investigated whether polygenic scores (PGS) for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and antidepressant treatment response (ADR) were related to the complex trait of antidepressant response in the Early Medication Change (EMC) cohort. METHODS In this secondary analysis of the EMC trial (N = 889), 481 MDD patients were included and compared to controls from a population-based cohort. Patients were treated over eight weeks within a pre-defined treatment-algorithm. We investigated patients' genetic variation associated with MDD and ADR, using PGS and examined the association of PGS with treatment outcomes (early improvement, response, remission). Additionally, the influence of two cytochrome P450 drug-metabolizing enzymes (CYP2C19, CYP2D6) was determined. RESULTS PGS for MDD was significantly associated with disorder status (NkR2 = 2.48 %, p < 1*10-12), with higher genetic burden in EMC patients compared to controls. The PGS for ADR did not explain remission status. The PGS for MDD and ADR were also not associated with treatment outcomes. In addition, there were no effects of common CYP450 gene variants on ADR. LIMITATIONS The study was limited by variability in the outcome parameters due to differences in treatment and insufficient sample size in the used ADR genome-wide association study (GWAS). CONCLUSIONS The present study confirms a polygenic contribution to MDD burden in the EMC patients. Larger GWAS with homogeneity in antidepressant treatments are needed to explore the genetic variation associated with ADR and realize the potential of PGS to contribute to specific response subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Müller
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner site Mannheim/Heidelberg/Ulm, Germany.
| | - Klaus Lieb
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fabian Streit
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner site Mannheim/Heidelberg/Ulm, Germany; Hector Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Psychiatry (HITKIP), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Swapnil Awasthi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Josef Frank
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marianne B Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy & Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - André Tadic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, DR. FONTHEIM Mentale Gesundheit, Liebenburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Laven Mavarani
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Börge Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner site Mannheim/Heidelberg/Ulm, Germany
| | - Lea Zillich
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner site Mannheim/Heidelberg/Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Engelmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy & Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.
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189
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Waite EE, Savalia T, Cohen AL, Haliczer LA, Huffman S, Dixon-Gordon KL. Borderline personality disorder and learning: The influences of emotional state and social versus nonsocial feedback. J Affect Disord 2024; 363:474-482. [PMID: 39032716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Borderline personality disorder (BPD) has been associated with decision-making deficits, yet such deficits may be context dependent, particularly emotional state and social context. Reinforcement learning models offer an avenue to pinpoint decision-making impairments. The current study used reinforcement learning models to examine whether feedback type (social vs. nonsocial) or emotional state (neutral vs. negative) influence the association between BPD and decision making. METHOD Adults (N = 131) with a range of BPD symptoms completed a diagnostic interview and a computerized learning task after neutral and negative emotion inductions. We examined accuracy, learning rate, and exploration. RESULTS We conducted linear models to examine the association between BPD criteria, feedback type, and emotional state on learning parameters and learning accuracy. We found that the negative emotion condition was associated with greater exploration, particularly for those with elevated BPD features. Furthermore, elevated BPD features were associated with impaired accuracy when aiming to avoid loss. A 3-way interaction between BPD, emotion, and feedback indicated that, for people with higher BPD features, learning performance was further impaired when receiving social feedback in the negative emotion condition. LIMITATIONS Several limitations warrant mention, including a relatively homogenous sample, possible co-occurring diagnoses, and methodological consideration with the learning task. CONCLUSIONS The present study underscored the link between BPD and learning impairments. Amplified learning alterations under negative social contexts have important implications for identifying optimal venues to teach new skills (of relevance to treatment) for those with BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elinor E Waite
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, United States
| | - Tejas Savalia
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, United States
| | - Andrew L Cohen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, United States
| | - Lauren A Haliczer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, United States
| | - Sarah Huffman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, United States
| | - Katherine L Dixon-Gordon
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, United States.
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190
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Topel S, Ma I, van Duijvenvoorde ACK, van Steenbergen H, de Bruijn ERA. Adapting to uncertainty: The role of anxiety and fear of negative evaluation in learning in social and non-social contexts. J Affect Disord 2024; 363:310-319. [PMID: 39043306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Navigating social situations can be challenging due to uncertainty surrounding the intentions and strategies of others, which remain hidden and subject to change. Prior research suggests that individuals with anxiety-related symptoms struggle to adapt their learning in uncertain, non-social environments. Anxiety-prone individuals encounter challenges in social functioning, yet research on learning under uncertainty in social contexts is limited. In this preregistered study, we investigated whether individuals with higher levels of trait anxiety and fear of negative evaluation encounter difficulties in adjusting their learning rates in social contexts with stable or volatile outcome contingencies. METHODS We implemented a modified trust game (N = 190), where participants either retained or lost their investments based on their interactions with two players in volatile or stable environments. Participants also completed a matching non-social control task involving interactions with slot machines. RESULTS Results from computational modeling revealed significantly higher learning rates in social compared to non-social settings. Trait anxiety did not affect the adaptability of learning rates. Individuals with heightened fear of negative evaluation were more sensitive to social compared to non-social outcomes, as reflected in their stay/switch behavior and, though less conclusive, in their learning rates. LIMITATIONS While transdiagnostic and dimensional approaches are important for investigating disturbed social functioning, the inclusion of clinical samples in future studies may contribute to a broader generalization of these findings regarding behavioral variances in uncertain social environments. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with increased fear of negative evaluation may demonstrate heightened sensitivity to learning in uncertain social contexts. This leads to heightened responsiveness to recent outcomes in their interactions with others, potentially contributing to their problems in social functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin Topel
- Leiden University, Institute of Psychology, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Ili Ma
- Leiden University, Institute of Psychology, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anna C K van Duijvenvoorde
- Leiden University, Institute of Psychology, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Henk van Steenbergen
- Leiden University, Institute of Psychology, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen R A de Bruijn
- Leiden University, Institute of Psychology, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
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191
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Jamet C, Dubertret C, Le Strat Y, Tebeka S. Age of onset of major depressive episode and association with lifetime psychiatric disorders, health-related quality of life and impact of gender: A cross sectional and retrospective cohort study. J Affect Disord 2024; 363:300-309. [PMID: 39004313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the long-term impact of the age of onset (AOO) of the first major depressive episode (MDE) according to 3 age groups and considering gender. METHODS Data were extracted from NESARC III, a representative U.S. SAMPLE We included 8053 participants with an MDE history in a cross-sectional and retrospective cohort study. We defined 3 AOO groups: childhood-onset (< 13 yo), adolescence-onset (13-18 yo), and adult-onset (> 18 yo). We compared sociodemographic characteristics, lifetime psychiatric disorders per DSM-5 criteria, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in each group and performed gender-stratified analyses. RESULTS Prevalence of childhood-onset MDE was 10.03 %, adolescence-onset was 14.12 %, and adult-onset was 75.85 %. Suicide attempts (AOR = 3.61; 95 % CI 2.90-4.50), anxiety disorders (AOR = 1.92; 95 % CI 1.62-2.27), and personality disorders (AOR = 3.08; 95 % CI 2.56-3.71) were more frequent in the childhood-onset than in the adult-onset one. Adolescence-onset group showed similar results. Physical Disability scale (p < 0.001) and Mental Disability scale (p < 0.001) were significantly lower in the childhood-onset group. Results were more nuanced in the adolescence-onset group. Women in childhood-onset and adolescence-onset groups had poorer outcomes than the adult-onset group. Differences were less pronounced in men. LIMITATIONS Recall and classification biases inherent to survey design. CONCLUSION Individuals, particularly women, who experienced their first MDE during childhood or adolescence exhibit higher lifetime psychiatric disorder prevalence and poorer HRQOL than those with adult-onset MDE. These findings highlight the importance of preventive measures, early diagnosis, and treatment of youth depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Jamet
- Department of Psychiatry, Louis-Mourier Hospital, AP-HP, 92700 Colombes, France; Université Paris Cité, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Dubertret
- Department of Psychiatry, Louis-Mourier Hospital, AP-HP, 92700 Colombes, France; Université Paris Cité, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France; INSERM U1266, Centre for Psychiatry and Neurosciences, 102 rue de la Santé, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Yann Le Strat
- Department of Psychiatry, Louis-Mourier Hospital, AP-HP, 92700 Colombes, France; Université Paris Cité, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France; INSERM U1266, Centre for Psychiatry and Neurosciences, 102 rue de la Santé, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Sarah Tebeka
- Department of Psychiatry, Louis-Mourier Hospital, AP-HP, 92700 Colombes, France; Université Paris Cité, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France; INSERM U1266, Centre for Psychiatry and Neurosciences, 102 rue de la Santé, 75014 Paris, France.
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192
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Vidal-Saez MS, Vilarroya O, Garcia-Ojalvo J. Biological computation through recurrence. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 728:150301. [PMID: 38971000 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
One of the defining features of living systems is their adaptability to changing environmental conditions. This requires organisms to extract temporal and spatial features of their environment, and use that information to compute the appropriate response. In the last two decades, a growing body of work, mainly coming from the machine learning and computational neuroscience fields, has shown that such complex information processing can be performed by recurrent networks. Temporal computations arise in these networks through the interplay between the external stimuli and the network's internal state. In this article we review our current understanding of how recurrent networks can be used by biological systems, from cells to brains, for complex information processing. Rather than focusing on sophisticated, artificial recurrent architectures such as long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, here we concentrate on simpler network structures and learning algorithms that can be expected to have been found by evolution. We also review studies showing evidence of naturally occurring recurrent networks in living organisms. Lastly, we discuss some relevant evolutionary aspects concerning the emergence of this natural computation paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sol Vidal-Saez
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Vilarroya
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Garcia-Ojalvo
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
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193
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Kim JZ, Larsen B, Parkes L. Shaping dynamical neural computations using spatiotemporal constraints. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 728:150302. [PMID: 38968771 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Dynamics play a critical role in computation. The principled evolution of states over time enables both biological and artificial networks to represent and integrate information to make decisions. In the past few decades, significant multidisciplinary progress has been made in bridging the gap between how we understand biological versus artificial computation, including how insights gained from one can translate to the other. Research has revealed that neurobiology is a key determinant of brain network architecture, which gives rise to spatiotemporally constrained patterns of activity that underlie computation. Here, we discuss how neural systems use dynamics for computation, and claim that the biological constraints that shape brain networks may be leveraged to improve the implementation of artificial neural networks. To formalize this discussion, we consider a natural artificial analog of the brain that has been used extensively to model neural computation: the recurrent neural network (RNN). In both the brain and the RNN, we emphasize the common computational substrate atop which dynamics occur-the connectivity between neurons-and we explore the unique computational advantages offered by biophysical constraints such as resource efficiency, spatial embedding, and neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Z Kim
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Bart Larsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Linden Parkes
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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194
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Lee JY, Gala DS, Kiourlappou M, Olivares-Abril J, Joha J, Titlow JS, Teodoro RO, Davis I. Murine glial protrusion transcripts predict localized Drosophila glial mRNAs involved in plasticity. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202306152. [PMID: 39037431 PMCID: PMC11262410 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202306152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The polarization of cells often involves the transport of specific mRNAs and their localized translation in distal projections. Neurons and glia are both known to contain long cytoplasmic processes, while localized transcripts have only been studied extensively in neurons, not glia, especially in intact nervous systems. Here, we predict 1,740 localized Drosophila glial transcripts by extrapolating from our meta-analysis of seven existing studies characterizing the localized transcriptomes and translatomes of synaptically associated mammalian glia. We demonstrate that the localization of mRNAs in mammalian glial projections strongly predicts the localization of their high-confidence Drosophila homologs in larval motor neuron-associated glial projections and are highly statistically enriched for genes associated with neurological diseases. We further show that some of these localized glial transcripts are specifically required in glia for structural plasticity at the nearby neuromuscular junction synapses. We conclude that peripheral glial mRNA localization is a common and conserved phenomenon and propose that it is likely to be functionally important in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Y. Lee
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dalia S. Gala
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Jana Joha
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Rita O. Teodoro
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ilan Davis
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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195
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Zhu M, Xu H, Jin Y, Kong X, Xu B, Liu Y, Yu H. Synaptotagmin-1 undergoes phase separation to regulate its calcium-sensitive oligomerization. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202311191. [PMID: 38980206 PMCID: PMC11232894 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202311191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Synaptotagmin-1 (Syt1) is a calcium sensor that regulates synaptic vesicle fusion in synchronous neurotransmitter release. Syt1 interacts with negatively charged lipids and the SNARE complex to control the fusion event. However, it remains incompletely understood how Syt1 mediates Ca2+-trigged synaptic vesicle fusion. Here, we discovered that Syt1 undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) to form condensates both in vitro and in living cells. Syt1 condensates play a role in vesicle attachment to the PM and efficiently recruit SNAREs and complexin, which may facilitate the downstream synaptic vesicle fusion. We observed that Syt1 condensates undergo a liquid-to-gel-like phase transition, reflecting the formation of Syt1 oligomers. The phase transition can be blocked or reversed by Ca2+, confirming the essential role of Ca2+ in Syt1 oligomer disassembly. Finally, we showed that the Syt1 mutations causing Syt1-associated neurodevelopmental disorder impair the Ca2+-driven phase transition. These findings reveal that Syt1 undergoes LLPS and a Ca2+-sensitive phase transition, providing new insights into Syt1-mediated vesicle fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yulei Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxu Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingkuan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinghui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haijia Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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196
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Lewis CM, Griffith TN. Ion channels of cold transduction and transmission. J Gen Physiol 2024; 156:e202313529. [PMID: 39051992 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202313529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Thermosensation requires the activation of a unique collection of ion channels and receptors that work in concert to transmit thermal information. It is widely accepted that transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) activation is required for normal cold sensing; however, recent studies have illuminated major roles for other ion channels in this important somatic sensation. In addition to TRPM8, other TRP channels have been reported to contribute to cold transduction mechanisms in diverse sensory neuron populations, with both leak- and voltage-gated channels being identified for their role in the transmission of cold signals. Whether the same channels that contribute to physiological cold sensing also mediate noxious cold signaling remains unclear; however, recent work has found a conserved role for the kainite receptor, GluK2, in noxious cold sensing across species. Additionally, cold-sensing neurons likely engage in functional crosstalk with nociceptors to give rise to cold pain. This Review will provide an update on our understanding of the relationship between various ion channels in the transduction and transmission of cold and highlight areas where further investigation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheyanne M Lewis
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Theanne N Griffith
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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197
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Van Woerkum B, Barrett L. Anthropofabrication and the redressing of memory: an embodied approach to comparative cognition. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230145. [PMID: 39155716 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
On what basis do researchers posit that humans and other animals share cognitive capacities? We argue that such claims are not based on inherent, pre-existing similarities, but rather emerge through a two-step process, which we will call 'anthropofabrication'. In the initial stage, embodied action-based strategies and environmental context in human studies are ignored owing to the need for measurement and quantification. Consequently, cognitive terms become disconnected from the context to which we apply them, and human classificatory cognitive terms are transformed into broad explanatory terms, assumed to be 'species-neutral'. The second phase entails translating and applying these generalized explanatory terms to specific nonverbal animals in ways that serve to further cloak differences between animals and other species. Here, again, researchers selectively discard contextual information to facilitate the comparison with humans. To limit anthropofabrication, we should (re)acknowledge that cognitive abilities are not species-neutral and cannot be detached from embodied action, perception and their context of occurrence. We illustrate our points about anthropofabrication using the example of memory research. This article is part of the theme issue 'Minds in movement: embodied cognition in the age of artificial intelligence'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas Van Woerkum
- Faculty of Philosophy, Radboud University , Nijmegen 6525 XZ, The Netherlands
| | - Louise Barrett
- Department of Psychology, University of Lethbridge , Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 4R3, Canada
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198
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Ting LH, Gick B, Kesar TM, Xu J. Ethnokinesiology: towards a neuromechanical understanding of cultural differences in movement. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230485. [PMID: 39155720 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Each individual's movements are sculpted by constant interactions between sensorimotor and sociocultural factors. A theoretical framework grounded in motor control mechanisms articulating how sociocultural and biological signals converge to shape movement is currently missing. Here, we propose a framework for the emerging field of ethnokinesiology aiming to provide a conceptual space and vocabulary to help bring together researchers at this intersection. We offer a first-level schema for generating and testing hypotheses about cultural differences in movement to bridge gaps between the rich observations of cross-cultural movement variations and neurophysiological and biomechanical accounts of movement. We explicitly dissociate two interacting feedback loops that determine culturally relevant movement: one governing sensorimotor tasks regulated by neural signals internal to the body, the other governing ecological tasks generated through actions in the environment producing ecological consequences. A key idea is the emergence of individual-specific and culturally influenced motor concepts in the nervous system, low-dimensional functional mappings between sensorimotor and ecological task spaces. Motor accents arise from perceived differences in motor concept topologies across cultural contexts. We apply the framework to three examples: speech, gait and grasp. Finally, we discuss how ethnokinesiological studies may inform personalized motor skill training and rehabilitation, and challenges moving forward.This article is part of the theme issue 'Minds in movement: embodied cognition in the age of artificial intelligence'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena H Ting
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Division of Physical Therapy, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Bryan Gick
- Department of Linguistics, The University British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Haskins Laboratories, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Trisha M Kesar
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Division of Physical Therapy, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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199
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Ott CM, Constable S, Nguyen TM, White K, Lee WCA, Lippincott-Schwartz J, Mukhopadhyay S. Permanent deconstruction of intracellular primary cilia in differentiating granule cell neurons. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202404038. [PMID: 39137043 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202404038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia on granule cell neuron progenitors in the developing cerebellum detect sonic hedgehog to facilitate proliferation. Following differentiation, cerebellar granule cells become the most abundant neuronal cell type in the brain. While granule cell cilia are essential during early developmental stages, they become infrequent upon maturation. Here, we provide nanoscopic resolution of cilia in situ using large-scale electron microscopy volumes and immunostaining of mouse cerebella. In many granule cells, we found intracellular cilia, concealed from the external environment. Cilia were disassembled in differentiating granule cell neurons-in a process we call cilia deconstruction-distinct from premitotic cilia resorption in proliferating progenitors. In differentiating granule cells, cilia deconstruction involved unique disassembly intermediates, and, as maturation progressed, mother centriolar docking at the plasma membrane. Unlike ciliated neurons in other brain regions, our results show the deconstruction of concealed cilia in differentiating granule cells, which might prevent mitogenic hedgehog responsiveness. Ciliary deconstruction could be paradigmatic of cilia removal during differentiation in other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Ott
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Sandii Constable
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tri M Nguyen
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin White
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Wei-Chung Allen Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Saikat Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Escobedo G, Wu Y, Ogawa Y, Ding X, Rasband MN. An evolutionarily conserved AnkyrinG-dependent motif clusters axonal K2P K+ channels. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202401140. [PMID: 39078369 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202401140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The evolution of ion channel clustering at nodes of Ranvier enabled the development of complex vertebrate nervous systems. At mammalian nodes, the K+ leak channels TRAAK and TREK-1 underlie membrane repolarization. Despite the molecular similarities between nodes and the axon initial segment (AIS), TRAAK and TREK-1 are reportedly node-specific, suggesting a unique clustering mechanism. However, we show that TRAAK and TREK-1 are enriched at both nodes and AIS through a common mechanism. We identified a motif near the C-terminus of TRAAK that is necessary and sufficient for its clustering. The motif first evolved among cartilaginous fish. Using AnkyrinG (AnkG) conditional knockout mice, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated disruption of AnkG, co-immunoprecipitation, and surface recruitment assays, we show that TRAAK forms a complex with AnkG and that AnkG is necessary for TRAAK's AIS and nodal clustering. In contrast, TREK-1's clustering requires TRAAK. Our results expand the repertoire of AIS and nodal ion channel clustering mechanisms and emphasize AnkG's central role in assembling excitable domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Escobedo
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuki Ogawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Ding
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew N Rasband
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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