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de Oliveira AT, Braga ARF, Miranda JRF, Fantinato-Neto P, Ambrósio CE. Mesenchymal stem cells in animal reproduction: sources, uses and scenario. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2024; 46:e002524. [PMID: 38737577 PMCID: PMC11087005 DOI: 10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm002524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies regarding mesenchymal stem cells turned up in the 1960's and this cell type created a great number of questions about its functions and applicability in science and medicine. When used with therapeutic intent, these cells present an inclination to migrate to sites of injury, inflammation or disease, where they secrete bioactive factors that stimulates the synthesis of new tissue. In this context, studies using rodents reported that MSCs promoted positive effects in the ovarian function in mice with premature aging of follicular reserve. In female bovines, experimental stem cell-based therapies have been used to either generate new oocytes with in vitro quality or stimulate such action in vivo. It is also reported, that the intraovarian application of mesenchymal stem cells generates a greater production of embryos in vitro and the production of early and expanded blastocysts. Additionally, analysis of ovarian tissue in animal subjected to treatment showed an increase in the number of developing follicles. Nevertheless, the treatments involving stem cells with different modes of application, different sources and different species were able to act on the hormonal, tissue, cellular and metabolic levels, generating positive results in the recovery and improvement of ovarian functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Takeshita de Oliveira
- Undergraduate in Veterinary Medicine, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos (FZEA), Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Rodrigues Ferreira Braga
- Undergraduate in Veterinary Medicine, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos (FZEA), Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
| | - José Ricardo Fonseca Miranda
- Undergraduate in Veterinary Medicine, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos (FZEA), Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Fantinato-Neto
- Veterinarian, DSc., Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociência Animal, FZEA, USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Ambrósio
- Veterinarian, DSc., Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, FZEA, USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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152
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Zhang S, Lee Y, Liu Y, Yu Y, Han I. Stem Cell and Regenerative Therapies for the Treatment of Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4979. [PMID: 38732198 PMCID: PMC11084822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) significantly increase morbidity and mortality, presenting a formidable challenge in healthcare. Traditional interventions such as vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty, despite their widespread use, are limited in addressing the secondary effects of vertebral fractures in adjacent areas and do not facilitate bone regeneration. This review paper explores the emerging domain of regenerative therapies, spotlighting stem cell therapy's transformative potential in OVCF treatment. It thoroughly describes the therapeutic possibilities and mechanisms of action of mesenchymal stem cells against OVCFs, relying on recent clinical trials and preclinical studies for efficacy assessment. Our findings reveal that stem cell therapy, particularly in combination with scaffolding materials, holds substantial promise for bone regeneration, spinal stability improvement, and pain mitigation. This integration of stem cell-based methods with conventional treatments may herald a new era in OVCF management, potentially improving patient outcomes. This review advocates for accelerated research and collaborative efforts to translate laboratory breakthroughs into clinical practice, emphasizing the revolutionary impact of regenerative therapies on OVCF management. In summary, this paper positions stem cell therapy at the forefront of innovation for OVCF treatment, stressing the importance of ongoing research and cross-disciplinary collaboration to unlock its full clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songzi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Republic of Korea; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yunhwan Lee
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yanting Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Republic of Korea; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yerin Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Republic of Korea; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Inbo Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Republic of Korea; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Y.)
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153
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Musati M, Frutos P, Bertino A, Hervás G, Luciano G, Forte C, Priolo A, Lanza M, Bella M, Biondi L, Natalello A. Dietary combination of linseed and hazelnut skin as a sustainable strategy to enrich lamb with health promoting fatty acids. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10133. [PMID: 38698104 PMCID: PMC11066009 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60303-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of the inclusion of extruded linseed and hazelnut skin on fatty acid (FA) metabolism in finishing lambs. Forty lambs were divided into 4 groups and fed for 60 d with: a conventional cereal-based diet, or the same diet with 8% of extruded linseed, or 15% of hazelnut skin, or 4% of linseed plus 7.5% of hazelnut skin as partial replacement of maize. Dietary treatments did not affect growth performances, carcass traits, and ruminal fermentation. The combined effect of linseed and hazelnut skin enriched the intramuscular fat with health promoting FA. Particularly, increases in α-linolenic acid (3.75-fold), and very long-chain n-3 poly-unsaturated FA (+ 40%) were attributed to the supplementation with linseed, rich in α-linolenic acid. In addition, increases in rumenic (+ 33%), and vaccenic (+ 59%) acids were attributed to hazelnut skin tannins modulating ruminal biohydrogenation and accumulating intermediate metabolites. The simultaneous inclusion of linseed and hazelnut skin can be a profitable strategy for enriching the intramuscular fat of lambs with health promoting FA, without adverse effects on ruminal fermentation and animal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martino Musati
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Pilar Frutos
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-University of León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346, Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - Antonino Bertino
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Gonzalo Hervás
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-University of León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346, Grulleros, León, Spain.
| | - Giuseppe Luciano
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Claudio Forte
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Alessandro Priolo
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Lanza
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Bella
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Luisa Biondi
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Natalello
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123, Catania, Italy
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154
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Graziosi G, Lupini C, Catelli E, Carnaccini S. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5 Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Infection in Birds and Mammals. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1372. [PMID: 38731377 PMCID: PMC11083745 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are highly contagious respiratory viruses of birds, leading to significant morbidity and mortality globally and causing substantial economic losses to the poultry industry and agriculture. Since their first isolation in 2013-2014, the Asian-origin H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAI) of clade 2.3.4.4b have undergone unprecedented evolution and reassortment of internal gene segments. In just a few years, it supplanted other AIV clades, and now it is widespread in the wild migratory waterfowl, spreading to Asia, Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Wild waterfowl, the natural reservoir of LPAIVs and generally more resistant to the disease, also manifested high morbidity and mortality with HPAIV clade 2.3.4.4b. This clade also caused overt clinical signs and mass mortality in a variety of avian and mammalian species never reported before, such as raptors, seabirds, sealions, foxes, and others. Most notably, the recent outbreaks in dairy cattle were associated with the emergence of a few critical mutations related to mammalian adaptation, raising concerns about the possibility of jumping species and acquisition of sustained human-to-human transmission. The main clinical signs and anatomopathological findings associated with clade 2.3.4.4b virus infection in birds and non-human mammals are hereby summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Graziosi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (C.L.); (E.C.)
| | - Caterina Lupini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (C.L.); (E.C.)
| | - Elena Catelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (C.L.); (E.C.)
| | - Silvia Carnaccini
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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155
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Antonius A, Pazla R, Putri EM, Alma’i MI, Laconi EB, Diapari D, Jayanegara A, Ardani LR, Marlina L, Purba RD, Gopar RA, Negara W, Asmairicen S, Negoro PS. Effects of herbal plant supplementation on rumen fermentation profiles and protozoan population in vitro. Vet World 2024; 17:1139-1148. [PMID: 38911071 PMCID: PMC11188901 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.1139-1148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim In the livestock sector, particularly ruminants, an approach to minimize methane emissions can be carried out through a feeding strategy involving herbal plants containing bioactive compounds that can reduce protozoa and decrease methane gas emissions. The aim of this in vitro study was to analyze the effects of herbal plant supplementation on rumen fermentation, total gas, and methane production, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and protozoa populations within the rumen. Materials and Methods Two experiments were conducted in this study. Experiment 1 was conducted to determine the most promising herbal plants capable of increasing total gas production and reducing protozoan populations. Three potential herbals selected in Experiment 1 were continued in Experiment 2 as supplements in the palm kernel meal (PKM)-based ration (70% PKM + 30% herbal plants). Results Experiment 1 revealed that Eurycoma longifolia (EL), Cola acuminata (CLA), and Cassia alata (CSA) were potential herbal candidates for enhancing total gas production and the percentages of IVDMD and IVOMD. In Experiment 2, supplementation with EL, CLA, and CSA significantly increased IVDMD from 62.84% to 70.15%, IVOMD from 61.61% to 53.18%, and NH3 from 13 mM to 17 mM, as well as reduced partial volatile fatty acids and total gas production. In addition, the methane gas and protozoan populations were reduced. Conclusion The utilization of EL, CLA, and CSA effectively increased the production of total gas, IVDMD, and IVOMD while reducing methane gas protozoa populations in rumen fermentation compared with the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonius Antonius
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta Bogor Cibinong 16915, Indonesia
| | - Roni Pazla
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas University, Jl. Limau Manis, Padang 25163, West Sumatra, Indonesia
| | - Ezi Masdia Putri
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta Bogor Cibinong 16915, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Ichsan Alma’i
- Edufarmers International Foundation, Government Relations Manager, Edu Farmers International Foundation, Jl. MT. Haryono Kav. 16, Jakarta 12810, Indonesia
| | - Erika Budiarti Laconi
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Jl. Agatis Kampus IPB Dramaga Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Didid Diapari
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Jl. Agatis Kampus IPB Dramaga Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Anuraga Jayanegara
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Jl. Agatis Kampus IPB Dramaga Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Laily Rinda Ardani
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas University, Jl. Limau Manis, Padang 25163, West Sumatra, Indonesia
| | - Leni Marlina
- Research Center for Agroindustry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Puspitek Tangerang Selatan, 15314, Indonesia
| | - Riris Delima Purba
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta Bogor Cibinong 16915, Indonesia
| | - Ruslan Abdul Gopar
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta Bogor Cibinong 16915, Indonesia
| | - Windu Negara
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta Bogor Cibinong 16915, Indonesia
| | - Sharli Asmairicen
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta Bogor Cibinong 16915, Indonesia
| | - Putut Suryo Negoro
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta Bogor Cibinong 16915, Indonesia
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156
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Kojima K, Chambers JK, Nakashima K, Uchida K. Pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and the STAT1/3 pathway in canine chronic enteropathy and intestinal T-cell lymphoma. Vet Pathol 2024; 61:382-392. [PMID: 37906531 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231207017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) is a histopathological feature of canine chronic enteropathy (CE), and IELs are considered the cells of origin of intestinal T-cell lymphoma (ITCL). However, the pathogenic mechanism of IEL activation in CE remains unclear. This study hypothesized that the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, associated with cytotoxic T/NK-cell activation, is upregulated in CE and ITCL, and examined the expression of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12p35, IL-12p40, IL-15, and IL-21 and the downstream signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) pathway in the duodenal mucosa of dogs without lesions (n = 11; NC), with IEL-CE (n = 19; CE without intraepithelial lymphocytosis), IEL+CE (n = 29; CE with intraepithelial lymphocytosis), and with ITCL (n = 60). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed that IFN-γ and IL-21 were higher in IEL+CE than in IEL-CE or NC. Western blot revealed upregulation of STAT1 and STAT3 in IEL+CE. Double-labeling immunohistochemistry revealed a positive correlation between the Ki67 index of CD3+ T-cells and IFN-γ expression levels. Immunohistochemistry revealed a higher ratio of p-STAT1-positive villi in IEL+CE and ITCL than IEL-CE and NC, which positively correlated with IFN-γ expression levels. Among the 60 ITCL cases, neoplastic lymphocytes were immunopositive for p-STAT1 in 28 cases and p-STAT3 in 29 cases. These results suggest that IFN-γ and IL-21 contribute to the pathogenesis of IEL+CE, and IFN-γ may be involved in T-cell activation and mucosal injury in CE. STAT1 and STAT3 activation in ITCL cells suggests a role for the upregulation of the STAT pathway in the pathogenesis of ITCL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ko Nakashima
- Japan Small Animal Medical Center, Tokorozawa, Japan
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157
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Prakashan D, Kolhe P, Gandhi S. Design and fabrication of a competitive lateral flow assay using gold nanoparticle as capture probe for the rapid and on-site detection of penicillin antibiotic in food samples. Food Chem 2024; 439:138120. [PMID: 38064831 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are among the utmost cost-efficient, paper-based point-of-care (POC) diagnostic devices. Herein, we have reported the fabrication of a competitive LFA for on-site detection of penicillin. Various parameters such as Ab concentration for conjugation, Pen-BSA conjugate concentration, pore size of membrane, and blocking buffer were standardised for the fabrication of LFA. Different concentrations of penicillin (1 pM-1 mM) were added to the sample pad to observe the color intensity. The visual detection limit (LOD) achieved from the LFA was 10 nM for Penicillin that correlated with the LOD calculated from the 'ColorGrab' colorimeter application. Additionally, LFA showed insignificant cross reactivity with other β-lactam antibiotics and were also validated with spiked food samples such as milk, meat and egg. Hence, the fabricated LFA can be successfully utilised for the POC detection of penicillin in food samples on large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drishya Prakashan
- DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India; DBT-Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Pratik Kolhe
- DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India
| | - Sonu Gandhi
- DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India; DBT-Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India.
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158
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Cushman RA, Akbarinejad V, Perry GA, Lents CA. Developmental programming of the ovarian reserve in livestock. Anim Reprod Sci 2024; 264:107458. [PMID: 38531261 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian females are born with a finite number of follicles in their ovaries that is referred to as the ovarian reserve. There is a large amount of variation between females in the number of antral follicles that they are born with, but this number is positively correlated to size of the ovarian reserve, has a strong repeatability within a female, and a moderate heritability. Although the heritability is moderate, numerous external factors including health, nutrition, ambient temperature, and litter size influence the size and function of the ovarian reserve throughout life. Depletion of the ovarian reserve contributes to reproductive senescence, and genetic and epigenetic factors can lead to a more rapid decline in follicle numbers in some females than others. The relationship of the size of the ovarian reserve to development of the reproductive tract and fertility is generally positive, although some studies report antagonistic associations of these traits. It seems likely that management decisions and environmental factors that result in epigenetic modifications to the genome throughout life may cause variability in the function of ovarian genes that influence fecundity and fertility, leading to differences in reproductive longevity among females born with ovarian reserves of similar size. This review summarizes our current understanding of factors influencing size of the ovarian reserve in cattle, sheep, and pigs and the relationship of the ovarian reserve to reproductive tract development and fertility. It provides strategies to apply this knowledge to improve diagnostics for better assessment of fertility and reproductive longevity in female livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Cushman
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, U S Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center NE 68933-0166, United States.
| | - Vahid Akbarinejad
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - George A Perry
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Overton, TX 75684, United States
| | - Clay A Lents
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, U S Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center NE 68933-0166, United States
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159
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Abebe BK, Wang H, Li A, Zan L. A review of the role of transcription factors in regulating adipogenesis and lipogenesis in beef cattle. J Anim Breed Genet 2024; 141:235-256. [PMID: 38146089 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, genomic selection and other refined strategies have been used to increase the growth rate and lean meat production of beef cattle. Nevertheless, the fast growth rates of cattle breeds are often accompanied by a reduction in intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition, impairing meat quality. Transcription factors play vital roles in regulating adipogenesis and lipogenesis in beef cattle. Meanwhile, understanding the role of transcription factors in regulating adipogenesis and lipogenesis in beef cattle has gained significant attention to increase IMF deposition and meat quality. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to provide a comprehensive summary and valuable insight into the complex role of transcription factors in adipogenesis and lipogenesis in beef cattle. This review summarizes the contemporary studies in transcription factors in adipogenesis and lipogenesis, genome-wide analysis of transcription factors, epigenetic regulation of transcription factors, nutritional regulation of transcription factors, metabolic signalling pathways, functional genomics methods, transcriptomic profiling of adipose tissues, transcription factors and meat quality and comparative genomics with other livestock species. In conclusion, transcription factors play a crucial role in promoting adipocyte development and fatty acid biosynthesis in beef cattle. They control adipose tissue formation and metabolism, thereby improving meat quality and maintaining metabolic balance. Understanding the processes by which these transcription factors regulate adipose tissue deposition and lipid metabolism will simplify the development of marbling or IMF composition in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belete Kuraz Abebe
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Animal Science, Werabe University, Werabe, Ethiopia
| | - Hongbao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Anning Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Linsen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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160
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Woodmartin S, Creighton P, Boland TM, Farrell L, Claffey N, McGovern F. The inclusion of companion forages in the diet alongside perennial ryegrass increased dry matter intake and organic matter digestibility in sheep. Animal 2024; 18:101150. [PMID: 38669749 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The inclusion of companion forages in the diet of ruminant animals is gaining popularity in temperate regions due to observed improvements in animal performance. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of diet type on DM intake (DMI) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) in sheep. Furthermore, the effect of sward type on diet nutritive quality was investigated. Five dietary treatments were investigated using a 5 × 5 Latin square design experiment: Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.; PRG) only or PRG plus white clover (Trifolium repens L.;PRG + WC), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.; PRG + RC), chicory (Chicorium intybus L.; PRG + Chic) or plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.; PRG + Plan) at a ratio of 75% PRG and 25% of the respective companion forage and 100% PRG for the grass only treatment on a DM basis. Twenty Belclare castrated male (wether) sheep were housed in metabolism crates across five feeding periods. Individual DMI and faecal output were recorded daily and digestibility parameters were subsequently calculated. Results show that the inclusion of any companion forage increased DMI (kg/day DM) which ranged from 1.55 ± 0.038 (PRG) to 1.76 ± 0.038 (PRG + Chic) (P < 0.001). The PRG + WC (825 ± 1.1), PRG + RC (823 ± 1.1) and PRG + Chic (826 ± 1.1) diets had a greater in vitro OMD (g/kg DM) when compared to PRG (819 ± 1.1) or PRG + Plan (816 ± 1.1) (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the PRG + Chic (830 ± 2.9) diet had a greater in vivo OMD (g/kg DM) (P < 0.01) when compared to the PRG, PRG + RC, and PRG + Plan diets. Regression analysis showed that in vitro estimates moderately reflected in vivo measurements (r2 = 0.61). The inclusion of any companion forage increased dietary CP content and reduced the proportion of NDF in the diet. Crude protein concentration increased by an average of 16.5 g/kg DM and NDF content was reduced by 25.3 g/kg DM, on average, with companion forage inclusion (P < 0.001). Results suggest that binary sward mixtures benefit pasture-based sheep production systems, boosting sward quality, aiding increased DM intakes of a more digestible diet in the summer period.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Woodmartin
- Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Mellows Campus, Athenry, Co. Galway, Ireland; School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - P Creighton
- Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Mellows Campus, Athenry, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - T M Boland
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - L Farrell
- DairyNZ, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - N Claffey
- Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Mellows Campus, Athenry, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - F McGovern
- Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Mellows Campus, Athenry, Co. Galway, Ireland.
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161
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Wurtz KE, Herskin MS, Riber AB. Water deprivation in poultry in connection with transport to slaughter-a review. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103419. [PMID: 38484564 PMCID: PMC10950878 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Poultry are deprived of water when transported to slaughter, beginning shortly prior to catching of the first bird and lasting through catching and loading, the journey on the vehicle, time spent in lairage, and up until time of death. Our aim was to review existing knowledge on variables which may be useful in determining the length of time that poultry may go without water in connection with transport before their welfare begins to deteriorate. During transport, it is likely that birds experience a motivation to drink, which may transition into the negative emotional state of thirst if water is unavailable. Determining when drinking motivation reaches a threshold where welfare is negatively impacted is challenging. In the absence of water, birds may over time experience dehydration which may be detected through physiological indicators as their body attempts to maintain homeostasis. In poultry, plasma osmolality, arginine vasotocin, and chloride have been suggested as being most suitable for assessing dehydration resulting from periods of water deprivation that correspond with typical transport durations, due to their particular sensitivity during this period. While initial dehydration may not be associated with negative emotional states, it is likely that it eventually leads to discomfort, but additional behavioral and motivational studies are necessary to infer when this begins. Impacts of thermal conditions, genetics, and the condition of the individual bird on the development of a dehydrated state were also assessed, though more information is needed to fully understand these interactions. With the available literature, this review concludes that total transport (i.e., from the initial deprivation from water until time of slaughter) durations of longer than 6 h are likely associated with measurable physiological indicators of dehydration and may potentially be associated with negative emotional states, although more research is needed to clarify this. Current available knowledge and assessment tools are not sufficient to detect the degradation of welfare derived from thirst itself, which should be further examined to protect poultry welfare during transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Wurtz
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
| | - M S Herskin
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - A B Riber
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
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Puentes MMM, Camargo KDJ, Roberto YAM, Guzman-Barragan BL, Tafur-Gomez GA, Clavijo NFS. Infection and re-infection of Leptospira spp. in stray dogs and cats from Bogota, Colombia. Vet World 2024; 17:973-980. [PMID: 38911095 PMCID: PMC11188880 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.973-980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Leptospirosis is a re-emerging zoonosis that is under-reported in tropical countries, and canines can be a potential reservoir of the disease. The objective of this study was to diagnose Leptospira spp. that is actively infected and re-infected in stray dogs and cats from Bogota, D.C., Colombia. Materials and Methods A sample of 200 animals, including dogs and cats from the animal protection programs of Bogota, Colombia, were used in this study. Blood was collected from these animals for serum and DNA analysis. Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using the 16s rRNA primer set, and higher-quality amplification products were sequenced by Sanger. For serodiagnosis, a group of PCR-positive samples was tested using the microagglutination test (MAT). Results The overall PCR positivity of stray dogs and cats was 56%, 52.9%, and 65.3% in dogs and cats, respectively. The MAT seropositivity was 77.3%, and only dogs showed titers higher than 1:400. Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona, Hardjo Prajitno, and Canicola and Hardjo prajitno were the serogroups associated with dogs and cats, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the strains belonging to Leptospira interrogans serovars related to isolated samples of American, European, and Asian bats (Myotis myotis), dogs, and bovines of American origin. Conclusion These results showed that stray dogs and cats were previously exposed to different serovars of Leptospira spp. and re-infected with other serovars that actively participated in the transmission cycle. These findings highlight the importance of actively diagnosing infectious animals to design effective intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Daniela Jaimes Camargo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de Ciencias Ambientales y Aplicadas (UDCA), Bogota, 111166, Colombia
| | - Yuly Angélica Monroy Roberto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de Ciencias Ambientales y Aplicadas (UDCA), Bogota, 111166, Colombia
| | | | - Gabriel Andrés Tafur-Gomez
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de Ciencias Ambientales y Aplicadas (UDCA), Bogota, 111166, Colombia
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Autzen Virtanen A, Myślińska M, Healy AM, Power E, Madi A, Sivén M. The challenge of downstream processing of spray dried amorphous solid dispersions into minitablets designed for the paediatric population - A sustainable product development approach. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 196:106752. [PMID: 38518998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Poorly water-soluble drugs present a significant challenge in the development of oral solid dosage forms (OSDs). In formulation development the appropriate use of excipients to adjust solubility, and the choice of manufacturing method and pharmaceutical processes to obtain a dosage form to meet the needs of the patient group, is crucial. Preparing an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is a well-established method for solubility enhancement, and spray drying (SD) a common manufacturing method. However, the poor flowability of spray dried materials poses a significant challenge for downstream processing. Promoting sustainability in OSD development involves embracing a versatile formulation design, which enables a broader spectrum of patients to use the product, as opposed to altering existing dosage forms retrospectively. The objective of the current study was to develop a formulation of spray dried indomethacin ASD suited to the production, by direct compression, of instant release paediatric minitablets. Excipients evaluated were PVP or HPMCAS in solid dispersions at the preformulation phase, and MCC and lactose as a filler in direct compression. From the studied formulations, a 3:1 ratio blend of Vivapur 200/Pharmatose 200 M (MCC/lactose) with 0.5% (w/w) magnesium stearate was found to be the most promising in tableting, and minitablets containing a 6.22% content of spray-dried ASD of indomethacin/PVP K 29-32 could be obtained with desired tablet hardness and pharmaceutical quality, complying with tests of weight variation and fast disintegration in an aqueous environment. As a case example, this study provides a good foundation for further studies in harnessing a sustainable approach to the development of pharmaceutical formulations that can appropriately serve different patient sub-populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Autzen Virtanen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Monika Myślińska
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; SSPC, the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Ireland
| | - Anne Marie Healy
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; SSPC, the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Ireland
| | - Eoin Power
- SK biotek Ireland, an SK pharmteco company, Ireland
| | - Atif Madi
- SK biotek Ireland, an SK pharmteco company, Ireland
| | - Mia Sivén
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, HELSUS, Finland
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Ji G, Zhang J, Feng X, Sheng H, Hu H, Li F, Ma Y, Hu Y, Na R, Yang W, Ma Y. Analysis of blood biochemistry and non-targeted metabolomics of endometritis in dairy cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2024; 264:107460. [PMID: 38564886 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of bovine endometritis, which has a negative impact on the reproduction of dairy cows, has been recently increasing. In this study, the differential markers and metabolites of healthy cows and cows with endometritis were analyzed by measuring blood biochemical indicators and immune factors using biochemical and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits combined with nontargeted metabolomics. The LC-QTOF platform was used to evaluate the serum metabolomics of healthy cows and cows with endometritis after 21-27 days of calving. The results showed that glucose, free fatty acid, calcium, sodium, albumin, and alanine aminotransferase levels were significantly lower in the serum of cows with endometritis than in healthy cows (P < 0.05). However, the serum potassium, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor levels were significantly higher in cows with endometritis (P < 0.05). In addition, the serum metabolome data analysis of the two groups showed that the expression of 468 metabolites was significantly different (P < 0.05), of which 291 were upregulated and 177 were downregulated. These metabolites were involved in 78 metabolic pathways, including amino acid, nucleotide, carbohydrate, lipid, and vitamin metabolism pathways; signal transduction pathways, and other biological pathways. Taken together, negative energy balance and immune activation, which are related to local abnormalities in amino acid, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism, were the important causes of endometritis in dairy cows. Metabolites such as glucose, carnosine, dehydroascorbic acid, L-malic acid, tetrahydrofolic acid, and UDP-glucose may be used as key indicators in the hematological diagnosis and treatment of endometritis in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoshang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Junxing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xue Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Hui Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Honghong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Fen Li
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yanfen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yamei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Rina Na
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Wenfei Yang
- Ningxia Xin' ao Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Lingwu 750406, China
| | - Yun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
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165
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Sugiharto S, Zulpa Y, Agusetyaningsih I, Widiastuti E, Wahyuni HI, Yudiarti T, Sartono TA. Physiological responses and intestinal conditions of broiler chickens treated with encapsulated Acalypha australis L. leaf extract and chitosan. Vet World 2024; 17:994-1000. [PMID: 38911072 PMCID: PMC11188897 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.994-1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim The ban on antibiotic growth promoters adversely affects the physiological condition and health of poultry. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of encapsulated Acalypha australis L. leaf extract, chitosan, or a combination of both on the physiological and intestinal conditions of broiler chickens. Materials and Methods A total of 280 Cobb broiler chicks were randomly distributed into four groups: Basal feed without additives (CNTL), basal feed with 0.01% encapsulated A. australis leaf extract (EALE), 0.01% chitosan (CHIT), and 0.01% EALE and 0.01% chitosan (EACH). Sample collection and data measurement were conducted on day 36. Results There was a tendency (p = 0.08) for EACH bird to have a higher body weight than the other groups. Feed consumption was higher (p < 0.05) in EACH than in EALE and CHIT. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was lower (p < 0.05) in EALE, CHIT, and EACH than in CNTL. Erythrocyte numbers were lower (p < 0.05) in EALE than in CNTL and EACH. Hematocrit was lower (p < 0.05) in EALE and CHIT groups than in the other two groups. There was a tendency (p = 0.09) for heterophils to be higher in EACH than in CNTL. Thrombocyte counts were lower (p < 0.05) in EACH group than in the other groups. Serum globulin levels were higher (p < 0.05) in EACH than in CNTL and CHIT. The albumin-to-globulin ratio was higher (p < 0.05) in CNTL than in EALE and EACH. Coliform bacteria tended to be lower (p = 0.05) in the cecum of EACH broilers than that of other broilers. Similarly, the ratio of Lactic acid bacteria to coliforms tended to be higher (p = 0.08) in the cecum of EACH group than that in the other groups. Treatments did not influence the intestinal morphology of broiler chickens (p > 0.05). Conclusion A combination of EALE and chitosan as feed additives enhanced the final body weight and feed efficiency (FCR) of broilers. These additives also increased the levels of heterophils, serum globulin, the ratio of LAB to coliforms, and reduced thrombocytes, albumin-to-globulin ratio, and cecal coliform bacteria. Hence, EALE and chitosan blend improved the growth performance, immune status, and intestinal health of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugiharto Sugiharto
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
| | - Yuki Zulpa
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
| | - Ikania Agusetyaningsih
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
| | - Endang Widiastuti
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
| | - Hanny Indrat Wahyuni
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
| | - Turrini Yudiarti
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
| | - Tri Agus Sartono
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
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Homem BGC, Borges LPC, de Lima IBG, Guimarães BC, Spasiani PP, Ferreira IM, Meo-Filho P, Berndt A, Alves BJR, Urquiaga S, Boddey RM, Casagrande DR. Forage peanut legume as a strategy for improving beef production without increasing livestock greenhouse gas emissions. Animal 2024; 18:101158. [PMID: 38703756 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The transformation of pastures from a degraded state to sustainable productivity is a major challenge in tropical livestock production. Stoloniferous forage legumes such as Arachis pintoi (forage peanut) are one of the most promising alternatives for intensifying pasture-based beef livestock operations with reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This 2-year study assessed beef cattle performance, nutrient intake and digestibility, and balance of GHG emissions in three pasture types (PT): (1) mixed Palisade grass - Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R.D. Webster (syn. Brachiaria brizantha Stapf cv. Marandu) and forage peanut (A. pintoi Krapov. & W.C. Greg. cv. BRS Mandobi) pastures (Mixed), (2) monoculture Palisade grass pastures with 150 kg of N/ha per year (Fertilised), and (3) monoculture Palisade grass without N fertiliser (Control). Continuous stocking with a variable stocking rate was used in a randomised complete block design, with four replicates per treatment. The average daily gain and carcass gain were not influenced by the PT (P = 0.439 and P = 0.100, respectively) and were, on average, 0.433 kg/animal per day and 83.4 kg/animal, respectively. Fertilised and Mixed pastures increased by 102 and 31.5%, respectively, the liveweight gain per area (kg/ha/yr) compared to the Control pasture (P < 0.001). The heifers in the Mixed pasture had lower CH4 emissions (g/animal per day; P = 0.009), achieving a reduction of 12.6 and 10.1% when compared to the Fertilised and Control pastures, respectively. Annual (N2O) emissions (g/animal) and per kg carcass weight gain were 59.8 and 63.1% lower, respectively, in the Mixed pasture compared to the Fertilised pasture (P < 0.001). Mixed pasture mitigated approximately 23% of kg CO2eq/kg of carcass when substituting 150 kg of N/ha per year via fertiliser. Mixed pastures with forage peanut are a promising solution to recover degraded tropical pastures by providing increased animal production with lower GHG emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G C Homem
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, UFLA, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil; Embrapa Agrobiologia, Rodovia BR-465, km 7, Seropédica 23897-970 RJ, Brazil
| | - L P C Borges
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, UFLA, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil
| | - I B G de Lima
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, UFLA, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil
| | - B C Guimarães
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, UFLA, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil
| | - P P Spasiani
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, UFLA, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil
| | - I M Ferreira
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, UFLA, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil
| | - P Meo-Filho
- Embrapa Southeast Livestock, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 234, Sao Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - A Berndt
- Embrapa Southeast Livestock, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 234, Sao Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - B J R Alves
- Embrapa Agrobiologia, Rodovia BR-465, km 7, Seropédica 23897-970 RJ, Brazil
| | - S Urquiaga
- Embrapa Agrobiologia, Rodovia BR-465, km 7, Seropédica 23897-970 RJ, Brazil
| | - R M Boddey
- Department of Soil Science, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR 465, km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23897-000, Brazil
| | - D R Casagrande
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, UFLA, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil.
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Picazo RA, Rojo C, Rodriguez-Quiros J, González-Gil A. Current Advances in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapies Applied to Wounds and Skin, Eye, and Neuromuscular Diseases in Companion Animals. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1363. [PMID: 38731367 PMCID: PMC11083242 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered a very promising alternative tool in cell therapies and regenerative medicine due to their ease of obtaining from various tissues and their ability to differentiate into different cell types. This manuscript provides a review of current knowledge on the use of MSC-based therapies as an alternative for certain common pathologies in dogs and cats where conventional treatments are ineffective. The aim of this review is to assist clinical veterinarians in making decisions about the suitability of each protocol from a clinical perspective, rather than focusing solely on research. MSC-based therapies have shown promising results in certain pathologies, such as spinal cord injuries, wounds, and skin and eye diseases. However, the effectiveness of these cell therapies can be influenced by a wide array of factors, leading to varying outcomes. Future research will focus on designing protocols and methodologies that allow more precise and effective MSC treatments for each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Ana Picazo
- Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Concepción Rojo
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jesus Rodriguez-Quiros
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alfredo González-Gil
- Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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Zhang W, Wang Y, Guo L, Falzon G, Kwan P, Jin Z, Li Y, Wang W. Analysis and Comparison of New-Born Calf Standing and Lying Time Based on Deep Learning. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1324. [PMID: 38731328 PMCID: PMC11083583 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Standing and lying are the fundamental behaviours of quadrupedal animals, and the ratio of their durations is a significant indicator of calf health. In this study, we proposed a computer vision method for non-invasively monitoring of calves' behaviours. Cameras were deployed at four viewpoints to monitor six calves on six consecutive days. YOLOv8n was trained to detect standing and lying calves. Daily behavioural budget was then summarised and analysed based on automatic inference on untrained data. The results show a mean average precision of 0.995 and an average inference speed of 333 frames per second. The maximum error in the estimated daily standing and lying time for a total of 8 calf-days is less than 14 min. Calves with diarrhoea had about 2 h more daily lying time (p < 0.002), 2.65 more daily lying bouts (p < 0.049), and 4.3 min less daily lying bout duration (p = 0.5) compared to healthy calves. The proposed method can help in understanding calves' health status based on automatically measured standing and lying time, thereby improving their welfare and management on the farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenju Zhang
- Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100086, China; (W.Z.); (L.G.); (Z.J.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yaowu Wang
- Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100086, China; (W.Z.); (L.G.); (Z.J.); (Y.L.)
- Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leifeng Guo
- Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100086, China; (W.Z.); (L.G.); (Z.J.); (Y.L.)
| | - Greg Falzon
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia;
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Paul Kwan
- School of Engineering and Technology, College of ICT, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia;
| | - Zhongming Jin
- Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100086, China; (W.Z.); (L.G.); (Z.J.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yongfeng Li
- Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100086, China; (W.Z.); (L.G.); (Z.J.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wensheng Wang
- Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100086, China; (W.Z.); (L.G.); (Z.J.); (Y.L.)
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Liu J, Wang J, Xv S, Bi C. Selenium Counteracts Tight Junction Disruption and Attenuates the NF-κB-Mediated Inflammatory Response in Staphylococcus aureus-Infected Mouse Mammary Glands. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04210-8. [PMID: 38676878 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) are the key determinant of barrier function in the mammary gland, with their disruption being associated with the pathogenesis and progression of mastitis, especially in the case of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection. This study investigated whether selenium (Se) could attenuate S. aureus-induced mastitis by inhibiting inflammation and protecting mammary gland TJs in mice. The expression profiles of S. aureus-infected gland tissues derived from the gene expression omnibus dataset were analyzed. We found cytokine production, cell junctions, the nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) signalling pathway, and inflammatory responses associated with the differentially expressed genes, as revealed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. Se reduced the mRNA expression and production of inflammatory cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and decreased phosphorylation levels of the NF-κB complex. Moreover, Se alleviated structural damage and microvillus injury in mammary glands. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that Se increased the expression of Claudin-3; Western blot analysis revealed increased protein levels of Occludin and Tricellulin in the group supplemented with dietary Se. In summary, Se counteracted TJ disruption and attenuated NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses in S. aureus-infected mouse mammary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, BaodingHebei Province, 071001, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, LinyiShandong Province, 276005, China
| | - Shiyang Xv
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, LinyiShandong Province, 276005, China
| | - Chongliang Bi
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, LinyiShandong Province, 276005, China.
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Zahmanova G, Takova K, Lukov GL, Andonov A. Hepatitis E Virus in Domestic Ruminants and Virus Excretion in Milk-A Potential Source of Zoonotic HEV Infection. Viruses 2024; 16:684. [PMID: 38793568 PMCID: PMC11126035 DOI: 10.3390/v16050684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis E virus is a serious health concern worldwide, with 20 million cases each year. Growing numbers of autochthonous HEV infections in industrialized nations are brought on via the zoonotic transmission of HEV genotypes 3 and 4. Pigs and wild boars are the main animal reservoirs of HEV and play the primary role in HEV transmission. Consumption of raw or undercooked pork meat and close contact with infected animals are the most common causes of hepatitis E infection in industrialized countries. However, during the past few years, mounting data describing HEV distribution has led experts to believe that additional animals, particularly domestic ruminant species (cow, goat, sheep, deer, buffalo, and yak), may also play a role in the spreading of HEV. Up to now, there have not been enough studies focused on HEV infections associated with animal milk and the impact that they could have on the epidemiology of HEV. This critical analysis discusses the role of domestic ruminants in zoonotic HEV transmissions. More specifically, we focus on concerns related to milk safety, the role of mixed farming in cross-species HEV infections, and what potential consequences these may have on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergana Zahmanova
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Technology Transfer and IP Management, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Katerina Takova
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi L. Lukov
- Faculty of Sciences, Brigham Young University–Hawaii, Laie, HI 96762, USA
| | - Anton Andonov
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
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171
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Rodríguez D, Moscoso M, Desco M, Ripoll J, Fernández R. Development and testing of a sedation protocol for Neocaridina davidi. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9536. [PMID: 38664522 PMCID: PMC11045803 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60158-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neocaridina davidi, a small freshwater shrimp native to Asia, specifically China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam, possesses remarkable resistance to poor water quality and offers various advantages over other invertebrate species to examine crucial issues in neuroscience and other related areas. These advantages include robustness, ease of maintenance, and transparency, making them useful for in vivo studies with optical imaging techniques. Despite its suitability for research purposes, particularly in the fields of imaging and fluorescent techniques, the lack of attention given to this species has resulted in the absence of a robust and replicable sedation protocol for immobilization and safe manipulation. Consequently, researchers face challenges in performing experimental procedures while minimizing harm to this specimen. In this study, we have developed and evaluated a simple sedation protocol specifically designed for Neocaridina davidi, assessing its effectiveness using light microscopy and image processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Rodríguez
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Moscoso
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Ripoll
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Fernández
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
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172
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Vargas-Bermudez DS, Diaz A, Polo G, Mogollon JD, Jaime J. Infection and Coinfection of Porcine-Selected Viruses (PPV1 to PPV8, PCV2 to PCV4, and PRRSV) in Gilts and Their Associations with Reproductive Performance. Vet Sci 2024; 11:185. [PMID: 38787157 PMCID: PMC11125912 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11050185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Seven novel porcine parvoviruses (nPPVs) (PPV2 through PPV8) have been described, although their pathogenicity and possible effects on porcine reproductive failure (PRF) are undefined. In this study, these nPPVs were assessed in gilts from Colombia; their coinfections with PPV1, PCV2, PCV3, PCV4, and PRRSV and an association between the nPPVs and the reproductive performance parameters (RPPs) in sows were determined. For this, 234 serum samples were collected from healthy gilts from 40 herds in five Colombian regions, and the viruses were detected via real-time PCR. The results confirmed the circulation of PPV2 through PPV7 in Colombia, with PPV3 (40%), PPV5 (20%), and PPV6 (17%) being the most frequent. Additionally, no PCV4 or PPV8 was detected. PPV2 to PPV7 were detected in concurrence with each other and with the primary PRF viruses, and these coinfections varied from double to sextuple coinfections. Additionally, the association between nPPVs and PRF primary viruses was statistically significant for the presence of PPV6 in PCV3-positive (p < 0.01) and PPV5 in PPRSV-positive (p < 0.05) gilts; conversely, there was a significant presence of PPV3 in both PCV2-negative (p < 0.01) and PRRSV-negative (p < 0.05) gilts. Regarding the RPPs, the crude association between virus detection (positive or negative) and a high or low RPP was only statistically significant for PCV3 and the farrowing rate (FR), indicating that the crude odds of a low FR were 94% lower in herds with PCV3-positive gilts. This finding means that the detection of PCV3 in gilts (PCV3-positive by PCR) is associated with a higher FR in the farm or that these farms (with positive gilts) have lower odds (OR 0.06, p-value 0.0043) of a low FR. Additionally, a low FR tended to be associated with the detection of PPV4 and PPV5 (p-value < 0.20). This study is important for establishing the possible participation of nPPVs in PRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana S. Vargas-Bermudez
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Departamento de Salud Animal, Centro de Investigación en Infectología e Inmunología Veterinaria—CI3V.Cra. 30 # 45-03, Bogotá 11001, Colombia; (D.S.V.-B.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Andres Diaz
- Pig Improvement Company, Hendersonville, TN 37075, USA;
| | - Gina Polo
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota 110231, Colombia;
| | - Jose Dario Mogollon
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Departamento de Salud Animal, Centro de Investigación en Infectología e Inmunología Veterinaria—CI3V.Cra. 30 # 45-03, Bogotá 11001, Colombia; (D.S.V.-B.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Jairo Jaime
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Departamento de Salud Animal, Centro de Investigación en Infectología e Inmunología Veterinaria—CI3V.Cra. 30 # 45-03, Bogotá 11001, Colombia; (D.S.V.-B.); (J.D.M.)
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173
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Zicarelli F, Iommelli P, Musco N, Wanapat M, Lotito D, Lombardi P, Infascelli F, Tudisco R. Growth Performance of Buffalo Calves in Response to Different Diets with and without Saccharomyces cerevisiae Supplementation. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1245. [PMID: 38672393 PMCID: PMC11047708 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present trial was to evaluate the growth performance of buffalo calves fed on diets characterized by different forage/concentrate ratios, with or without Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation (CBS 493.94, Yea-Sacc®). Twenty-four male buffalo calves (mean age of 145.1 ± 16.1 days; mean weight of 108.0 ± 18.7 kg) were assigned randomly to 4 groups, homogeneous in age, that were fed four different diets: diet 1, F:C ratio 50:50; diet 2, F:C ratio 30:70; diet 3, F:C ratio 50:50 + Yea-Sacc®; and diet 4, F:C ratio 30:70 + Yea-Sacc®. Buffalo calves were individually weighted before the start of the experiment and the data were used as a covariate, being taken monthly until the end of the trial. Dry matter intake (DMI), daily weight gain (DWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated. The differences in diets composition significantly (p < 0.01) affected all these parameters. In particular, the animals fed diet 1 and diet 3 showed higher values of DWG (0.91 and 0.88 g/d vs. 0.68 and 0.66 for group 2 and 4) and DMI (5.8 and 5.3 kg/d, respectively) compared to the other groups (4.3 and 4.4 kg/d for group 2 and 4), as well as a higher final body weight (370.5 and 334.1 kg for group 1 and 3 vs. 272.8 and 273.1 kg of group 2 and 4, respectively). Indeed, the supplementation with Yea-Sacc® at the dosage of 1 × 10E8 did not affect buffaloes' growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Zicarelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (F.Z.); (P.I.); (D.L.); (P.L.); (F.I.); (R.T.)
| | - Piera Iommelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (F.Z.); (P.I.); (D.L.); (P.L.); (F.I.); (R.T.)
| | - Nadia Musco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (F.Z.); (P.I.); (D.L.); (P.L.); (F.I.); (R.T.)
| | - Metha Wanapat
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Daria Lotito
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (F.Z.); (P.I.); (D.L.); (P.L.); (F.I.); (R.T.)
| | - Pietro Lombardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (F.Z.); (P.I.); (D.L.); (P.L.); (F.I.); (R.T.)
| | - Federico Infascelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (F.Z.); (P.I.); (D.L.); (P.L.); (F.I.); (R.T.)
| | - Raffaella Tudisco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (F.Z.); (P.I.); (D.L.); (P.L.); (F.I.); (R.T.)
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174
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Seekings AH, Shipley R, Byrne AMP, Shukla S, Golding M, Amaya-Cuesta J, Goharriz H, Vitores AG, Lean FZX, James J, Núñez A, Breed A, Frost A, Balzer J, Brown IH, Brookes SM, McElhinney LM. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant (B.1.617.2) in Domestic Dogs and Zoo Tigers in England and Jersey during 2021. Viruses 2024; 16:617. [PMID: 38675958 PMCID: PMC11053977 DOI: 10.3390/v16040617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Reverse zoonotic transmission events of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been described since the start of the pandemic, and the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) designated the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in animals a reportable disease. Eighteen domestic and zoo animals in Great Britain and Jersey were tested by APHA for SARS-CoV-2 during 2020-2023. One domestic cat (Felis catus), three domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), and three Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) from a zoo were confirmed positive during 2020-2021 and reported to the WOAH. All seven positive animals were linked with known SARS-CoV-2 positive human contacts. Characterisation of the SARS-CoV-2 variants by genome sequencing indicated that the cat was infected with an early SARS-CoV-2 lineage. The three dogs and three tigers were infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant of concern (B.1.617.2). The role of non-human species in the onward transmission and emergence of new variants of SARS-CoV-2 remain poorly defined. Continued surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in relevant domestic and captive animal species with high levels of human contact is important to monitor transmission at the human-animal interface and to assess their role as potential animal reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda H. Seekings
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
- National Reference Laboratory for SARS-CoV-2 in Animals, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Rebecca Shipley
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
- National Reference Laboratory for SARS-CoV-2 in Animals, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Alexander M. P. Byrne
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Shweta Shukla
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
- National Reference Laboratory for SARS-CoV-2 in Animals, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Megan Golding
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Joan Amaya-Cuesta
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Hooman Goharriz
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
- National Reference Laboratory for SARS-CoV-2 in Animals, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Ana Gómez Vitores
- Department of Pathology and Animal Sciences, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Fabian Z. X. Lean
- Department of Pathology and Animal Sciences, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Joe James
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Alejandro Núñez
- Department of Pathology and Animal Sciences, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Alistair Breed
- Government of Jersey, Infrastructure Housing and Environment, Howard Davis Farm, La Route de la Trinité, Trinity, Jersey JE3 5JP, UK
| | - Andrew Frost
- One Health, Animal Health and Welfare Advice Team, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Nobel House, 17 Smith Square, London SW1P 3JR, UK
| | - Jörg Balzer
- Vet Med Labor GmbH, Division of IDEXX Laboratories, Humboldtstraße 2, 70806 Kornwestheim, Germany
| | - Ian H. Brown
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Sharon M. Brookes
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Lorraine M. McElhinney
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
- National Reference Laboratory for SARS-CoV-2 in Animals, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
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175
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Chen K, Hu B, Ren J, Deng X, Li Q, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Shen G, Liu S, Zhang J, Lu P. Enhanced protein-metabolite correlation analysis: To investigate the association between Staphylococcus aureus mastitis and metabolic immune pathways. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23587. [PMID: 38568835 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302242rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Mastitis is a disease characterized by congestion, swelling, and inflammation of the mammary gland and usually caused by infection with pathogenic microorganisms. Furthermore, the development of mastitis is closely linked to the exogenous pathway of the gastrointestinal tract. However, the regulatory mechanisms governing the gut-metabolism-mammary axis remain incompletely understood. The present study revealed alterations in the gut microbiota of mastitis rats characterized by an increased abundance of the Proteobacteria phylum. Plasma analysis revealed significantly higher levels of L-isoleucine and cholic acid along with 7-ketodeoxycholic acid. Mammary tissue showed elevated levels of arachidonic acid metabolites and norlithocholic acid. Proteomic analysis showed increased levels of IFIH1, Tnfaip8l2, IRGM, and IRF5 in mastitis rats, which suggests that mastitis triggers an inflammatory response and immune stress. Follistatin (Fst) and progesterone receptor (Pgr) were significantly downregulated, raising the risk of breast cancer. Extracellular matrix (ECM) receptors and focal adhesion signaling pathways were downregulated, while blood-milk barrier integrity was disrupted. Analysis of protein-metabolic network regulation revealed that necroptosis, protein digestion and absorption, and arachidonic acid metabolism were the principal regulatory pathways involved in the development of mastitis. In short, the onset of mastitis leads to changes in the microbiota and alterations in the metabolic profiles of various biological samples, including colonic contents, plasma, and mammary tissue. Key manifestations include disturbances in bile acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism. At the same time, the integrity of the blood-milk barrier is compromised while inflammation is promoted, thereby reducing cell adhesion in the mammary glands. These findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the metabolic status of mastitis and provide new insights into its impact on the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Binhong Hu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyuan Ren
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Deng
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Li
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gengyu Shen
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Songqing Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiacheng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Liver Transplantation Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengwei Lu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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176
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Fanta Y, Kechero Y, Yemane N. Nutritional response to water hyacinth ( Eichhornia crassipes) challenges via blood biochemical profiles in goats and sheep. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28424. [PMID: 38689994 PMCID: PMC11059523 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Eichhornia crassipes remains a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems and poses economic challenges globally. Interestingly, its high nutritional value and abundance in water bodies, making it a promising and cost-effective source of animal feed. The purpose of the study was to see how varying inclusion rates of E. crassipise affected the blood biochemical profiles of Doyogena sheep and Woyto-Guji goat local breeds. Twelve sheep and twelve goats were used in a 2*4 randomized crossover design with two species, four diets, and four phases (15-day adaptation plus 7-day experimental diets), and on the last day blood sample collected. The dietary treatments included E. crassipise (0, 25, 50, and 75%) as a substitute for commercial concentrate. The data were analyzed using SAS software tool PROC GLM, and Pearson's correlation coefficient between serum biochemical indices was computed. Results of AST, ALB, GLB, AST/ALT, and A/G showed significant (P < 0.0001), ALP (P < 0.005), and GLU (P < 0.05) differences between species of animals, except for ALT, CREAT, TP, and UREA. Sheep had higher values for AST, ALP, GLB, AST/ALT, CREAT, and UREA, except for A/G, ALB, ALT, and TP. Among treatments and treatment species interaction effect did not show variation in all studied parameters. Positive correlations were observed between ALT and AST, TP and ALB, and A/G and ALB, negative correlations were observed between ALT and AST/ALT, TP and A/G; GLB and A/G in sheep. Furthermore, positive correlations were observed between AST/ALT with ALT and AST and ALB with TP and A/G; however, negative correlations were observed between ALB with TP and A/G in goats. It was concluded that substituting E. crassipise with concentrate had no adverse effect on the serum biochemical profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yared Fanta
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, College of Agriculture, Wolaita Soddo University, P. O. Box 138, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Arba Minch University, P. O. BOX 21, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Yisehak Kechero
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Arba Minch University, P. O. BOX 21, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Nebiyu Yemane
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Arba Minch University, P. O. BOX 21, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
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177
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Evalen PS, Barnhardt EN, Ryu J, Stahlschmidt ZR. Toxicity of glyphosate to animals: A meta-analytical approach. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 347:123669. [PMID: 38460584 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY)-based herbicides (GBHs) are the most commonly applied pesticide worldwide, and non-target organisms (e.g., animals) are now regularly exposed to GLY and GBHs due to the accumulation of these chemicals in many environments. Although GLY/GBH was previously considered to be non-toxic, growing evidence indicates that GLY/GBH negatively affects some animal taxa. However, there has been no systematic analysis quantifying its toxicity to animals. Therefore, we used a meta-analytical approach to determine whether there is a demonstrable effect of GLY/GBH toxicity across animals. We further addressed whether the effects of GLY/GBH vary due to (1) taxon (invertebrate vs. vertebrate), (2) habitat (aquatic vs. terrestrial), (3) type of biological response (behavior vs. physiology vs. survival), and (4) dosage or concentration of GLY/GBH. Using this approach, we also determined whether adjuvants (e.g., surfactants) in commercial formulations of GBHs increased toxicity for animals relative to exposure to GLY alone. We analyzed 1282 observations from 121 articles. We conclude that GLY is generally sub-lethally toxic for animals, particularly for animals in aquatic or marine habitats, and that toxicity did not exhibit dose-dependency. Yet, our analyses detected evidence for widespread publication bias so we encourage continued experimental investigations to better understand factors influencing GLY/GBH toxicity to animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Evalen
- University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - J Ryu
- University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
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178
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Donato GG, Nebbia P, Stella MC, Scalas D, Necchi D, Bertero A, Romano G, Bergamini L, Poletto ML, Peano A, Robino P, Nervo T. In vitro effects of different ozone preparations on microorganisms responsible for endometritis in the mare. Theriogenology 2024; 219:132-137. [PMID: 38430797 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Infectious endometritis is considered one of the major causes of infertility and it can affect up to 60% of barren mares. It is characterized by the presence of one or more microorganisms in the reproductive tract and it is treated with the administration of antibiotics, ecbolic agents and uterine lavages. Ozone, thanks to its antimicrobial properties that are based on its high oxidative potential, could represent an effective alternative treatment for endometritis. The aim of this study was to test in vitro the bactericidal and fungicidal properties of different ozone formulations, either as gas (experiment 1) or dissolved in two liquid matrices (experiment 2), specifically distilled water or oil (Neozone 4000, Cosmoproject, Parma, Italy), onto 6 different species of microorganisms isolated from mares with clinical endometritis, namely Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus equi subsp. Zooepidemicus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans. In the first experiment, 3 clinical antibiotic-resistant strains per each species were exposed to different conditions: to O2O3 gas mixtures (15 and 40 μg/ml for 1, 3 and 5 min), to 100 % O2 or left untreated. The results showed a reduction of the microbial count of over 99,9% for every pathogen, time and concentration of O2O3 gas mixtures tested. Furthermore, gaseous ozone showed both a time-dependant effect (5 vs 3 vs 1 min of exposure) and a concentration-dependant effect (40 vs 15 μg/ml) at 1 and 3 min, while after 5 min no differences were observed. In the second experiment, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC, MFC) of ozonated distilled water and ozonated oil were evaluated. Ozonated oil showed a bactericidal/fungicidal activity against all the strains tested (MIC range 12.5-25 % v/v, MBC/MFC range 12.5-50 % v/v) while ozonated distilled water didn't show an observable antimicrobial effect, discouraging its use as an antimicrobial agent for the treatment of endometritis. The results of this in vitro study indicate that both gaseous ozone and ozonated oil exerted remarkable antimicrobial activities and are promising alternative treatments for infectious endometritis, even when caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and encourage further experiments in an effort to scale down or even prevent the use of antibiotics in equine reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Guido Donato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Patrizia Nebbia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Stella
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Daniela Scalas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Denis Necchi
- Keros Embryo Transfer Center, Westrozebekestraat 23A, 8980, Passendale, Belgium
| | - Alessia Bertero
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Romano
- Centro Equino Arcadia, Frazione Mottura 106, 10068, Villafranca Piemonte, Italy
| | - Lara Bergamini
- Allevamento Le Fontanette, Via Fontanette 12, 10067, Vigone, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Lucia Poletto
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Andrea Peano
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Patrizia Robino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Tiziana Nervo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
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Tomás G, Marandino A, Panzera Y, Rodríguez S, Wallau GL, Dezordi FZ, Pérez R, Bassetti L, Negro R, Williman J, Uriarte V, Grazioli F, Leizagoyen C, Riverón S, Coronel J, Bello S, Páez E, Lima M, Méndez V, Pérez R. Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus infections in pinnipeds and seabirds in Uruguay: Implications for bird-mammal transmission in South America. Virus Evol 2024; 10:veae031. [PMID: 38756986 PMCID: PMC11096771 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veae031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b have caused unprecedented deaths in South American wild birds, poultry, and marine mammals. In September 2023, pinnipeds and seabirds appeared dead on the Uruguayan Atlantic coast. Sixteen influenza virus strains were characterized by real-time reverse transcription PCR and genome sequencing in samples from sea lions (Otaria flavescens), fur seals (Arctocephalus australis), and terns (Sterna hirundinacea). Phylogenetic and ancestral reconstruction analysis showed that these strains have pinnipeds most likely as the ancestral host, representing a recent introduction of clade 2.3.4.4b in Uruguay. The Uruguayan and closely related strains from Peru (sea lions) and Chile (sea lions and a human case) carry mammalian adaptative residues 591K and 701N in the viral polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2). Our findings suggest that clade 2.3.4.4b strains in South America may have spread from mammals to mammals and seabirds, revealing a new transmission route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Tomás
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Ana Marandino
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Yanina Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Sirley Rodríguez
- Departamento de Virología, División de Laboratorios Veterinarios ‘Miguel C. Rubino’, Dirección’General de Servicios Ganaderos, Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca, Ruta 8 km 17,000, Montevideo 12100, Uruguay
| | - Gabriel Luz Wallau
- Departamento de Entomología, Núcleo de Bioinformática, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (IAM)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Av. Moraes Rego, s/n, Campus da UFPE- Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco 50740-465, Brazil
- Department of Arbovirology and Entomology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hamburg 20359, Germany
| | - Filipe Zimmer Dezordi
- Departamento de Entomología, Núcleo de Bioinformática, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (IAM)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Av. Moraes Rego, s/n, Campus da UFPE- Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco 50740-465, Brazil
| | - Ramiro Pérez
- Departamento de Virología, División de Laboratorios Veterinarios ‘Miguel C. Rubino’, Dirección’General de Servicios Ganaderos, Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca, Ruta 8 km 17,000, Montevideo 12100, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Bassetti
- Departamento de Virología, División de Laboratorios Veterinarios ‘Miguel C. Rubino’, Dirección’General de Servicios Ganaderos, Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca, Ruta 8 km 17,000, Montevideo 12100, Uruguay
| | - Raúl Negro
- Departamento de Virología, División de Laboratorios Veterinarios ‘Miguel C. Rubino’, Dirección’General de Servicios Ganaderos, Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca, Ruta 8 km 17,000, Montevideo 12100, Uruguay
| | - Joaquín Williman
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Valeria Uriarte
- Dirección Nacional de Biodiversidad y Servicios Ecosistémicos (DINABISE), Ministerio de Ambiente, Juncal 1385, Montevideo 11000, Uruguay
| | - Fabiana Grazioli
- Dirección Nacional de Biodiversidad y Servicios Ecosistémicos (DINABISE), Ministerio de Ambiente, Juncal 1385, Montevideo 11000, Uruguay
| | - Carmen Leizagoyen
- Dirección Nacional de Biodiversidad y Servicios Ecosistémicos (DINABISE), Ministerio de Ambiente, Juncal 1385, Montevideo 11000, Uruguay
| | - Sabrina Riverón
- Dirección Nacional de Recursos Acuáticos (DINARA), Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca, Constituyente 1497, Montevideo 11200, Uruguay
| | - Jaime Coronel
- Dirección Nacional de Recursos Acuáticos (DINARA), Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca, Constituyente 1497, Montevideo 11200, Uruguay
| | - Soledad Bello
- Dirección Nacional de Recursos Acuáticos (DINARA), Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca, Constituyente 1497, Montevideo 11200, Uruguay
| | - Enrique Páez
- Dirección Nacional de Recursos Acuáticos (DINARA), Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca, Constituyente 1497, Montevideo 11200, Uruguay
| | - Martín Lima
- Dirección Nacional de Recursos Acuáticos (DINARA), Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca, Constituyente 1497, Montevideo 11200, Uruguay
| | - Virginia Méndez
- Dirección Nacional de Recursos Acuáticos (DINARA), Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca, Constituyente 1497, Montevideo 11200, Uruguay
| | - Ruben Pérez
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
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180
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Thomson ACS, McCarrel TM, Zakharov A, Gomez B, Lyubimov A, Schwark WS, Mallicote MF, Portela DA, Bisiau AL, Wakshlag JJ. Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of single-dose enteral cannabidiol and cannabidiolic acid rich hemp in horses ( Equus caballus). Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1356463. [PMID: 38681854 PMCID: PMC11047043 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1356463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics and tolerability of cannabinoids and their metabolites were determined in eight horses after enteral administration of a commercial CBD/CBDA-rich hemp oil product. Each horse was administered 2 mg/kg or 8 mg/kg CBD/CBDA or no treatment in a randomized cross-over design. Serial serum samples collected over 48 h were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Plasma chemistry analysis was performed at 0 h and 24 h. Vital parameters, pedometry, and blinded mentation and gait evaluations were recorded at intervals up to 24 h. Manure production and gastrointestinal transit time were tracked for 48 h after oil administration. The median maximal concentration of CBD and CBDA were 5.2 and 36.95 ng/mL in the 2 mg/kg group, respectively; and 40.35 and 353.56 ng/mL in the 8 mg/kg group. The median half-life of elimination was not calculated for the 2 mg/kg CBD treatment due to lack of time points above the lower quantifiable limit beyond the Cmax while it was 7.75 h in the 8 mg/kg group. CBDA absorption was biphasic. Pharmacokinetic parameters for tetrahydrocannabinol, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, cannabigerolic acid, and 7-carboxy cannabidiol are also reported. No significant differences in any of the measured tolerability parameters were demonstrated between treatment groups. Single-dose enteral administration of CBD/CBDA-rich hemp extract up to 8 mg/kg does not appear to produce neurologic, behavioral, or gastrointestinal effects in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C. S. Thomson
- Department of Comparative, Population, and Diagnostic Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Taralyn M. McCarrel
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Alexander Zakharov
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Beatriz Gomez
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alex Lyubimov
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Wayne S. Schwark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Martha F. Mallicote
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Diego A. Portela
- Department of Comparative, Population, and Diagnostic Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Amber L. Bisiau
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Joseph J. Wakshlag
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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181
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Hart LA, Thigpen AP, Hart BL, Willits NH, Lee M, Babchuk MM, Lee J, Ho M, Clarkson ST, Chou JW. Assisting decision-making on age of neutering for German Short/Wirehaired Pointer, Mastiff, Newfoundland, Rhodesian Ridgeback, Siberian Husky: associated joint disorders, cancers, and urinary incontinence. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1322276. [PMID: 38681849 PMCID: PMC11046931 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1322276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Spaying female and castrating male dogs, hereinafter referred to as neutering, is a US convention for the first year in the dog's life. Research on 35 breeds of dogs revealed that early neutering increases risks of joint disorders, such as hip dysplasia (HD), elbow dysplasia (ED), or cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) tear, or cancers, such as lymphosarcoma (LSA), mast cell tumor (MCT), hemangiosarcoma (has), or osteosarcoma (OSA), for some breeds. Joint disorder risks are heightened for some larger breeds and for mixed-breed dogs weighing more than 20 kg. Some breeds had elevated risks for cancers. Several other research teams have reported health complications associated with neutering. The study goal includes using the same methodology for data collection and analyses as in the study on 35 breeds for five additional dog breeds weighing at least 20 kg. The breeds were: German Short/Wirehaired Pointer, Mastiff, Newfoundland, Rhodesian Ridgeback, and Siberian Husky. Major differences among breeds appeared in vulnerability to joint disorders and cancers with early neutering: male and female Pointer breeds had elevated joint disorders and increased cancers; male Mastiff breeds had increased CCL and LSA and females had non-significant elevated CCL risks; female Newfoundland breeds had heightened risks for joint disorders and males had non-significant elevated risks; female Ridgeback breeds had heightened MCT with very early neutering; and Siberian Huskies showed no significant effects on joint disorders or cancers, but female breeds showed a non-significant but elevated CCL. Updated guidelines cover 40 dog breeds. These results further emphasize the importance of personalized decisions regarding the neutering of dogs, considering the dog's breed, sex, and context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynette Arnason Hart
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Abigail Paige Thigpen
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Benjamin L. Hart
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Neil H. Willits
- Department of Statistics, College of Letters and Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Maya Lee
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Miya M. Babchuk
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jenna Lee
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Megan Ho
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sara T. Clarkson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Juliann W. Chou
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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182
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Waktole H, Ayele Y, Ayalkibet Y, Teshome T, Muluneh T, Ayane S, Borena BM, Abayneh T, Deresse G, Asefa Z, Eguale T, Amenu K, Ashenafi H, Antonissen G. Prevalence, Molecular Detection, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Isolates from Poultry Farms across Central Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study in Urban and Peri-Urban Areas. Microorganisms 2024; 12:767. [PMID: 38674711 PMCID: PMC11051739 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence, molecular detection, and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates within 162 poultry farms in selected urban and peri-urban areas of central Ethiopia. A total of 1515 samples, including cloacal swabs (n = 763), fresh fecal droppings (n = 188), litter (n = 188), feed (n = 188), and water (n = 188), were bacteriologically tested. The molecular detection of some culture-positive isolates was performed via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by targeting spy and sdfl genes for Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis, respectively. Risk factors for the occurrence of the bacterial isolates were assessed. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of PCR-confirmed Salmonella isolates was conducted using 12 antibiotics. In this study, it was observed that 50.6% of the farms were positive for Salmonella. The overall sample-level prevalence of Salmonella was 14.4%. Among the analyzed risk factors, the type of production, breed, and sample type demonstrated a statistically significant association (p < 0.05) with the bacteriological prevalence of Salmonella. The PCR test disclosed that 45.5% (15/33) and 23.3% (10/43) of the isolates were positive for genes of Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis, respectively. The antimicrobial susceptibility test disclosed multi-drug resistance to ten of the tested antibiotics that belong to different classes. Substantial isolation of Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis in poultry and on poultry farms, along with the existence of multi-drug resistant isolates, poses an alarming risk of zoonotic and food safety issues. Hence, routine flock testing, farm surveillance, biosecurity intervention, stringent antimicrobial use regulations, and policy support for the sector are highly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hika Waktole
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia; (Y.A.); (Y.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Yonas Ayele
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia; (Y.A.); (Y.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Yamlaksira Ayalkibet
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia; (Y.A.); (Y.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Tsedale Teshome
- Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia; (T.T.); (Z.A.)
| | - Tsedal Muluneh
- Department of Animal Production Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia;
| | - Sisay Ayane
- Department of Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ambo University, Ambo P.O. Box 19, Ethiopia; (S.A.); (B.M.B.)
| | - Bizunesh Mideksa Borena
- Department of Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ambo University, Ambo P.O. Box 19, Ethiopia; (S.A.); (B.M.B.)
| | - Takele Abayneh
- National Veterinary Institute (NVI), Bishoftu P.O. Box 19, Ethiopia; (T.A.); (G.D.)
| | - Getaw Deresse
- National Veterinary Institute (NVI), Bishoftu P.O. Box 19, Ethiopia; (T.A.); (G.D.)
| | - Zerihun Asefa
- Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia; (T.T.); (Z.A.)
| | - Tadesse Eguale
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia; (T.E.); (H.A.)
| | - Kebede Amenu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia; (Y.A.); (Y.A.); (K.A.)
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa P.O. Box 5689, Ethiopia
| | - Hagos Ashenafi
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia; (T.E.); (H.A.)
| | - Gunther Antonissen
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;
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183
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Bao X, Gänzle MG, Wu J. Ovomucin Hydrolysates Reduce Bacterial Adhesion and Inflammation in Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88-Challenged Intestinal Epithelial Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:7219-7229. [PMID: 38507577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88 is the most common cause of diarrhea in neonatal and postweaning pigs. After adhering to small intestinal epithelial cells via glycoprotein receptor recognition, the pathogen can produce enterotoxins, impair intestinal integrity, trigger watery diarrhea, and induce inflammation via nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase (MAPK) pathways. Inhibiting ETEC K88 adhesion to cell surfaces by interfering with the receptor-fimbriae recognition provides a promising strategy to prevent the initiation and progression of infection. Ovomucin is a highly glycosylated protein in chicken egg white with diverse bioactivities. Ovomucin hydrolysates prepared by the enzymes Protex 26L (OP) and pepsin/pancreatin (OPP) were previously revealed to prevent adhesion of ETEC K88 to IPEC-J2 cells. Herein, we investigated the protective effects of ovomucin hydrolysates on ETEC K88-induced barrier integrity damage and inflammation in IPEC-J2 and Caco-2 cells. Both hydrolysates inhibited ETEC K88 adhesion to cells and protected epithelial cell integrity by restoring transepithelial electronic resistance (TEER) values. Removing sialic acids in the hydrolysates reduced their antiadhesive capacities. Ovomucin hydrolysates suppressed ETEC-induced activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in both cell lines. The ability of ETEC K88 in activating calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2 (CaMK II), elevating intracellular Ca2+ concentration, and inducing oxidative stress was attenuated by both hydrolysates. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the potential of ovomucin hydrolysates to prevent ETEC K88 adhesion and alleviate inflammation and oxidative stress in intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Bao
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Michael G Gänzle
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
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184
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Waldbauer M, Spackman E, Barkema HW, Pajor EA, Knauss S, Orsel K. Partial herd hoof trimming results in a higher economic net benefit than whole herd hoof trimming in dairy herds. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301457. [PMID: 38564596 PMCID: PMC10986923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Sole ulcers, a common cause of lameness is the costliest non-infectious foot lesion in dairy cows and one of the most prevalent non-infectious foot lesions in freestall housing systems. Costs associated with sole ulcers are treatment costs, plus increased labor and decreased productivity and fertility. Routine hoof trimming is part of a strategy to manage sole ulcers. However, hoof trimming strategies differ among farms. The two most frequently applied strategies are: 1) partial herd hoof trimming with a 2-month interval between trims; and 2) whole herd hoof trimming at 6-month intervals. A Markov model was developed to investigate whether every 2 months partial herd hoof trimming or whole herd hoof trimming every 6 months was the most cost-effective strategy to avoid costs associated with sole ulcers. In this model, the net benefits for a 100-cow herd and the average productive life span of a dairy cow in intensive dairy systems of 3 years were evaluated. Partial herd hoof trimming was the most cost-effective strategy 100% of the time compared to whole herd hoof trimming, with a difference in 3-year net benefits of US$4,337 (95% CI: US$2,713-US$5,830). Based on sensitivity analyses, variables that were the sources of the biggest uncertainty in the model were herd size, the probability of being trimmed in a partial herd trim, and the prevalence of sole ulcers. To further investigate the impacts of herd size and of probability of being trimmed, various scenario analyses were conducted. With increasing herd size, the difference in net benefits in favor of partial herd hoof trimming increased even more. Scenario analyses about the probability of getting trimmed all indicated that targeted intervention increased the difference in net benefits in favor of partial herd hoof trimming. However, if the selection of cows to be trimmed in a partial herd trim was random, the whole herd hoof trimming strategy became cost-effective. Therefore, targeted selection and early intervention are necessary to decrease costs associated with sole ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Waldbauer
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Eldon Spackman
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Herman W. Barkema
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Edmond A. Pajor
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Karin Orsel
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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185
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Foggi G, Terranova M, Daghio M, Amelchanka SL, Conte G, Ineichen S, Agnolucci M, Viti C, Mantino A, Buccioni A, Kreuzer M, Mele M. Evaluation of ruminal methane and ammonia formation and microbiota composition as affected by supplements based on mixtures of tannins and essential oils using Rusitec. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:48. [PMID: 38561832 PMCID: PMC10986001 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary supplements based on tannin extracts or essential oil compounds (EOC) have been repeatedly reported as a promising feeding strategy to reduce the environmental impact of ruminant husbandry. A previous batch culture screening of various supplements identified selected mixtures with an enhanced potential to mitigate ruminal methane and ammonia formation. Among these, Q-2 (named after quebracho extract and EOC blend 2, composed of carvacrol, thymol, and eugenol) and C-10 (chestnut extract and EOC blend 10, consisting of oregano and thyme essential oils and limonene) have been investigated in detail in the present study with the semi-continuous rumen simulation technique (Rusitec) in three independent runs. For this purpose, Q-2 and C-10, dosed according to the previous study, were compared with a non-supplemented diet (negative control, NC) and with one supplemented with the commercial EOC-based Agolin® Ruminant (positive control, PC). RESULTS From d 5 to 10 of fermentation incubation liquid was collected and analysed for pH, ammonia, protozoa count, and gas composition. Feed residues were collected for the determination of ruminal degradability. On d 10, samples of incubation liquid were also characterised for bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA and 26S ribosomal large subunit gene amplicons. Regardless of the duration of the fermentation period, Q-2 and C-10 were similarly efficient as PC in mitigating either ammonia (-37% by Q-2, -34% by PC) or methane formation (-12% by C-10, -12% by PC). The PC was also responsible for lower feed degradability and bacterial and fungal richness, whereas Q-2 and C-10 effects, particularly on microbiome diversities, were limited compared to NC. CONCLUSIONS All additives showed the potential to mitigate methane or ammonia formation, or both, in vitro over a period of 10 d. However, several differences occurred between PC and Q-2/C-10, indicating different mechanisms of action. The pronounced defaunation caused by PC and its suggested consequences apparently determined at least part of the mitigant effects. Although the depressive effect on NDF degradability caused by Q-2 and C-10 might partially explain their mitigation properties, their mechanisms of action remain mostly to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Foggi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Matteo Daghio
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Florence, 50144, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Conte
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Di Ricerche Agro-Ambientali "E. Avanzi", University of Pisa, Pisa, 56122, Italy
| | - Simon Ineichen
- School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences HAFL, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Zollikofen, Switzerland
| | - Monica Agnolucci
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Di Ricerche Agro-Ambientali "E. Avanzi", University of Pisa, Pisa, 56122, Italy
| | - Carlo Viti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Florence, 50144, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantino
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Di Ricerche Agro-Ambientali "E. Avanzi", University of Pisa, Pisa, 56122, Italy
| | - Arianna Buccioni
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Florence, 50144, Italy
| | - Michael Kreuzer
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Lindau, Switzerland
| | - Marcello Mele
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Di Ricerche Agro-Ambientali "E. Avanzi", University of Pisa, Pisa, 56122, Italy
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186
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Barbosa JA, Yang CT, Finatto AN, Cantarelli VS, de Oliveira Costa M. T-independent B-cell effect of agents associated with swine grower-finisher diarrhea. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:991-1001. [PMID: 38044397 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10257-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Swine dysentery, spirochetal colitis, and salmonellosis are production-limiting enteric diseases of global importance to the swine industry. Despite decades of efforts, mitigation of these diseases still relies on antibiotic therapy. A common knowledge gap among the 3 agents is the early B-cell response to infection in pigs. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the porcine B-cell response to Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, Brachyspira hampsonii (virulent and avirulent strains), Brachyspira pilosicoli, and Salmonella Typhimurium, the agents of the syndromes mentioned above. Immortalized porcine B-cell line derived from a crossbred pig with lymphoma were co-incubated for 8 h with each pathogen, as well as E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and a sham-inoculum (n = 3/treatment). B-cell viability following treatments was evaluated using trypan blue, and the expression levels of B-cell activation-related genes was profiled using reverse transcription quantitative PCR. Only S. Typhimurium and LPS led to increased B-cell mortality. B. pilosicoli downregulated B-lymphocyte antigen (CD19), spleen associated tyrosine Kinase (syk), tyrosine-protein kinase (lyn), and Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α), and elicited no change in immunoglobulin-associated beta (CD79b) and swine leukocyte antigen class II (SLA-DRA) expression levels, when compared to the sham-inoculated group. In contrast, all other treatments significantly upregulated CD79b and stimulated responses in other B-cell downstream genes. These findings suggest that B. pilosicoli does not elicit an immediate T-independent B-cell response, nor does it trigger antigen-presenting mechanisms. All other agents activated at least one trigger within the T-independent pathways, as well as peptide antigen presenting mechanisms. Future research is warranted to verify these findings in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica A Barbosa
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Christine T Yang
- Department of Integrated Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Arthur N Finatto
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Vinícius S Cantarelli
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Matheus de Oliveira Costa
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada.
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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187
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Jiménez AG, Paul KD, Benson M, Lalwani S, Cipolli W. Cellular metabolic pathways of aging in dogs: could p53 and SIRT1 be at play? GeroScience 2024; 46:1895-1908. [PMID: 37768524 PMCID: PMC10828300 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00942-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging and cancer seem to be closely associated, such that cancer is generally considered a disease of the elderly in both humans and dogs. Additionally, cancer is a metabolic shift in itself towards aerobic glycolysis. Larger dog breeds with shorter lifespans, and increased glycolytic cellular metabolic rates, die of cancer more often than smaller breeds. The tumor suppressor p53 factor is a key suppressor oncogene, and the p53 pathway arrests cellular proliferation and prevents DNA mutations from accumulating during cellular stress. The p53 pathway is also associated with the control of cellular metabolism to prevent cellular metabolic shifts common to cancerous phenotypes. SIRT1 deacetylates the p53 tumor suppressor protein, downregulating p53 via effects on stability and activity during stress. Here, we used primary fibroblast cells from small and large puppies and old dogs. Using UV radiation to upregulate the p53 system (100 J/m2), control cells and UV-treated cells were used to measure aerobic and glycolytic metabolic rates using a Seahorse XFe96 oxygen flux analyzer. We also quantified p53 expression and SIRT1 concentration in canine primary fibroblasts before and after UV treatment. We demonstrate that, due to a higher p53 nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio in large breed dogs after UV treatment, p53 could have a more regulatory effect on large breed dogs' metabolism compared with smaller breeds. Thus, there may be a link between p53 upregulation and inhibition of glycolysis in large breed dogs during times of cellular stress compared with small breed dogs. However, SIRT1 concentrations decrease with age in domestic dogs of both size classes, suggesting a possible release of inhibition of p53 through the SIRT1 pathway with age. This may lead to increased incidences of cancer, especially due to the more pronounced upregulation of p53 with cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gabriela Jiménez
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, 13 Oak Dr., Hamilton, NY, 13346, USA.
| | - Kailey D Paul
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, 13 Oak Dr., Hamilton, NY, 13346, USA
| | - Mitchel Benson
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, 13 Oak Dr., Hamilton, NY, 13346, USA
| | - Sahil Lalwani
- Stanford Law School, Crown Quadrangle, 559 Nathan Abbott Way, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - William Cipolli
- Department of Mathematics, Colgate University, 13 Oak Dr., Hamilton, NY, 13346, USA
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188
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Calabrese EJ, Pressman P, Hayes AW, Kapoor R, Dhawan G, Agathokleous E, Calabrese V. Taurine induces hormesis in multiple biological models: May have transformative implications for overall societal health. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 392:110930. [PMID: 38432405 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
This paper represents the first integrative assessment and documentation of taurine-induced hormetic effects in the biological and biomedical areas, their dose response features, mechanistic frameworks, and possible public health, therapeutic and commercial applications. Taurine-induced hormetic effects are documented in a wide range of experimental models, cell types and for numerous biological endpoints, with most of these experimental findings being reported within the past five years. It is suggested that the concept of hormesis may have a transformative effect on taurine research and its public health and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Morrill I-N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Peter Pressman
- University of Maine, 5728 Fernald Hall, Room 201, Orono, ME, 04469, USA.
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- Center for Environmental Occupational Risk Analysis and Management, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Rachna Kapoor
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA.
| | - Gaurav Dhawan
- Sri Guru Ram Das (SGRD), University of Health Sciences, Amritsar, India.
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, Catania, 95123, Italy.
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189
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Ouchida T, Li G, Suzuki H, Yanaka M, Nakamura T, Handa S, Tanaka T, Kaneko MK, Kato Y. PMab-314: An Anti-Giant Panda Podoplanin Monoclonal Antibody. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2024; 43:53-58. [PMID: 38593441 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2024.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is one of the important species in worldwide animal conservation. Because it is essential to understand the disease of giant panda for conservation, histopathological analyses of tissues are important to understand the pathogenesis. However, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against giant panda-derived proteins are limited. Podoplanin (PDPN) is an essential marker of lung type I alveolar epithelial cells, kidney podocytes, and lymphatic endothelial cells. PDPN is also overexpressed in various human tumors, which are associated with poor prognosis. Here, an anti-giant panda PDPN (gpPDPN) mAb, PMab-314 (mouse IgG1, kappa) was established using the Cell-Based Immunization and Screening method. PMab-314 recognized N-terminal PA16-tagged gpPDPN-overexpressed Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cells (CHO/PA16-gpPDPN) in flow cytometry. The KD value of PMab-314 for CHO/PA16-gpPDPN was determined as 1.3 × 10-8 M. Furthermore, PMab-314 is useful for detecting gpPDPN in western blot analysis. These findings indicate that PMab-314 is a useful tool for the analyses of gpPDPN-expressed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsunenori Ouchida
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Guanjie Li
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Miyuki Yanaka
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takuro Nakamura
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Saori Handa
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mika K Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
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190
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Satheesan L, Kittur PM, Alhussien MN, Lal GS, Kamboj A, Dang AK. Reliability of udder infrared thermography as a non-invasive technology for early detection of sub-clinical mastitis in Sahiwal (Bos indicus) cows under semi-intensive production system. J Therm Biol 2024; 121:103838. [PMID: 38554568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
The present study focused on Sahiwal cows, a prominent milch breed in tropical India, to correlate udder temperature with physiological markers of stress and inflammation during subclinical mastitis (SCM). The primary goal was to assess the potential of udder infrared thermography for the early detection of SCM under the semi-intensive production. Cows were categorized based on milk somatic cell counts (SCC), with healthy (H) cows having SCC <2 × 105 cells/mL and no history of mastitis, and cows with subclinical mastitis (SCM) and initial stages of clinical mastitis (CM) having quarter milk SCC of 2-5 × 105 and >5 × 105 cells/mL, respectively. Firstly, udder thermograms were analysed for udder skin surface temperature (USST), teat skin surface temperature (TSST), and teat apex temperature (TAT) using Fluke software to determine the optimal site for temperature measurement during intramammary infection. Secondly, milk samples were collected for automatic estimation of compositional changes, electrical conductivity, and pH. Thirdly, milk whey was separated for quantifying stress and inflammatory indicators, including cortisol, prolactin, and acute-phase proteins (APPs): milk amyloid A and milk haptoglobin using bovine-specific ELISA kits. Significant increases (p < 0.01) in USST, TSST, TAT, cortisol, and APPs were observed in SCM and CM compared to healthy cows, while prolactin levels decreased (p < 0.01). The correlation matrix revealed strong positive correlations of SCC with USST (r = 0.84, p < 0.01). In ROC analysis, USST demonstrated cut-off values of 37.74 and 39.58 °C, with accuracy (p < 0.05) of 98% for SCM and 95% for CM, surpassing both TAT and TSST. Therefore, the combination of these non-invasive methods increases the reliability and accuracy of infrared thermography for early detection of SCM, providing valuable insights for the development of a protocol for routine screening and udder health monitoring in indigenous dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lija Satheesan
- Lactation and Immuno-Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Priyanka M Kittur
- Lactation and Immuno-Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Mohanned Naif Alhussien
- Reproductive Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Gayathri S Lal
- Livestock Production Management Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Aarti Kamboj
- Lactation and Immuno-Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Dang
- Lactation and Immuno-Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India.
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191
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Deeming LE, Beausoleil NJ, Stafford KJ, Webster JR, Cox N, Zobel G. Evaluating the immediate effects of hoof trimming on dairy goat hoof conformation and joint positions. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1073-1082. [PMID: 38103118 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10273-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Hoof overgrowth in commercial housed dairy goats is a major health and welfare concern; thus, it is important to better understand hoof trimming, a priority practice which addresses hoof growth. We evaluated the immediate effects of trimming on external conformation, internal joint positions, and hoof wall overgrowth of front and hind hooves. Eighty female goats were enrolled. Pre and post hoof trimming data were collected at 13, 17, 21 and 25 months of age. Overall, before trimming, a high percentage of hooves were scored as overgrown (77.8%). Trimming decreased the percentage of overgrown hooves (17.6%: P < 0.001) and other moderate/severe conformational issues: dipped heels (49.3% vs. 26.7; P < 0.001), misshaped claws (37.0% vs. 17.6%; P < 0.001), splayed claws (73.7% vs. 56.7%; P < 0.001). More hind than front hooves had dipped heels pre-trimming and (91.3% vs. 7.3%; P < 0.001) and post-trimming (52.8% vs. 0.6%; P < 0.001); over half of the hind heels were not restored to an upright position. A greater proportion of toe length was removed from the hind hooves compared to the front (0.50 vs. 0.43, P < 0.001), with the greatest proportion of hoof wall overgrowth removed from the hind hoof medial claw at the 13-month assessment (P < 0.001). Following trimming, distal interphalangeal joint angle decreased more in hind compared to front hooves (11.0° vs. 6.9°; P < 0.001); distal interphalangeal joint height decreased (0.21 cm, P < 0.001), and proximal interphalangeal joint, and heel, angles increased (7.76° and 8.93°, respectively; P < 0.001). Trimming did not restore conformation of all hooves when trimmed every 4 months, suggesting a need to investigate reasons for underlying poor conformation, including trimming frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Deeming
- AgResearch Ltd. Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, 3214, New Zealand
- Animal Welfare Science and Bioethics Centre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
- EpiVets, 565 Mahoe Street, Te Awamutu, 3800, New Zealand
| | - N J Beausoleil
- Animal Welfare Science and Bioethics Centre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - K J Stafford
- Animal Welfare Science and Bioethics Centre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - J R Webster
- AgResearch Ltd. Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, 3214, New Zealand
| | - N Cox
- AgResearch Ltd. Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, 3214, New Zealand
| | - G Zobel
- AgResearch Ltd. Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, 3214, New Zealand.
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192
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Pereira AR, Assis NVD, Paranhos AGDO, Lima DRS, Baeta BEL, Aquino SFD, Silva SDQ. Effect of inoculum composition on the microbial community involved in the anaerobic digestion of sugarcane bagasse. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:2205-2217. [PMID: 36632771 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2166877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In anaerobic digestion (AD), the choice of inoculum type seems to be relevant for methane production for complex substrates, such as lignocellulosic material. Previous work demonstrated that the addition of fresh manure and ruminal fluid to anaerobic sludge improved methane productivity and kinetics of AD of crude sugarcane bagasse (CSB). Considering that the improvement of methane production could be a result of a more adapted microbial community, the present study performed the Next Generation Sequencing analysis to identify changes in the microbiome of anaerobic sludge inoculum, resulting from fresh manure and ruminal fluid addition. In comparison with AD performed only with anaerobic sludge inoculum (50:50, U), accumulated methane production was 15% higher with anaerobic sludge plus ruminal fluid inoculum (50:50, UR) and even higher (68%) with anaerobic sludge with fresh bovine manure inoculum (50:50, UFM), reaching the value of 143 NmLCH4.gVS-1. Clostridium species were highly abundant in all inocula, playing an important role during the hydrolysis and fermentation of CSB, and detoxifying potential inhibitors. Microbial composition also revealed the occurrence of Pseudomonas and Anaerobaculum at UFM inoculum that seem to have contributed to the higher methane production rate, mainly due to their hydrolytic and fermentative ability on lignocellulosic substrates. On the other hand, the presence of Alcaligenes might have had a negative effect on methane production due to their ability to perform methane oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Rezende Pereira
- Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Nathália Vercelli de Assis
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Diego Roberto Sousa Lima
- Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Bruno Eduardo Lobo Baeta
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Silvana de Queiroz Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Brazil
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193
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Che-Kamaruddin N, Hamid NFS, Idris LH, Yusuff FM, Ashaari ZH, Yahaya H, Sahimin N, Isa NMM. Prevalence and risk factors of fasciolosis in a bovine population from farms in Taiping, Malaysia. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2024; 49:100998. [PMID: 38462308 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.100998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Fasciolosis is a zoonotic disease, considered an emerging neglected tropical disease threatening ruminant productivity and causing economic losses. Controlling fasciolosis is challenging due to the complex life cycle of Fasciola, which involves snail intermediate hosts. The high rainfall status in Taiping makes it an optimal region for snail abundance, which increases the opportunity to complete Fasciola's life cycle. Previous studies showed that liver condemnation caused by fasciolosis was highly prevalent in the Taiping abattoir compared to other investigated main abattoirs of Peninsular Malaysia. Therefore, the present study determined the prevalence of bovine fasciolosis and risk factors in farms from Larut and Matang (Taiping), Malaysia. Sampling was carried out from February until August 2020. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 371 fecal samples from bovines (dairy cattle, beef cattle, buffalo) were examined from 23 farms selected based on location, farmer consent, and history of anthelmintic usage. Animal's intrinsic and farm management details were recorded, and interview sessions were conducted with farmers to collect information on the potential risk factors. Individual fecal samples were examined for the presence of Fasciola egg using Flukefinder® sedimentation. There was moderate prevalence of bovine fasciolosis in Taiping (36.9%, n = 137/371). Significant risk factors (p < 0.05) were observed, which include buffalo group (OR = 9.5, 95% CI: 9.44-9.55), age of >3 years (OR = 5.5, 95% CI: 5.43-5.57), thinner animals with body condition score of 1 to 4 (OR = 1.2-14.9, 95% CI: 1.09-15.08), and larger grazing area (OR = 1.3, 95% CI: 1.30-1.31). Additional risk factors include the presence of more than one ruminant species in the same farm (OR = 2.0-2.1, 95% CI: 2.00-2.22), extensive housing system (OR = 4.0, 95% CI: 3.77-4.23), farm age (OR = 1.2, 95% CI: 1.20-1.21), and also co-infection with Paramphistomes (OR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.10-1.71). The present study underscores the importance of local bovine fasciolosis epidemiology, which could be used to conduct future veterinary and public health programmes to inform effective parasitic management aimed at reducing the prevalence of fasciolosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naim Che-Kamaruddin
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Nur Fazila Saulol Hamid
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Lokman Hakim Idris
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Ferdaus Mohamat Yusuff
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Zulfa Hanan Ashaari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Hasmawati Yahaya
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Norhidayu Sahimin
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Nur Mahiza Md Isa
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
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194
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Gosomji IJ, Bello UM, Dzenda T, Baso A, Arukwe A, Aire TA. Influence of photoperiod and exogenous melatonin on testis morpho-physiology of sexually mature guinea fowl (Numida meleagris). Anim Reprod Sci 2024; 263:107410. [PMID: 38402776 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The biological effects of simulated photoperiod and melatonin on the control of reproduction of guinea fowls (Numida meleagris) are not well understood. Herein, thirty (30) sexually mature guinea fowl cocks were randomly assigned to 1-6 groups (n = 5) and subjected to different photoperiodic regimes in the presence or absence of exogenous melatonin (Mel; 1 mg/kgBW/day, i/m) for eight weeks. Testes of the euthanized cocks were processed for gross morphology, histological, histochemical, and oxidative stress markers. Testosterone concentration was determined in serum samples using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. We observed an increase in testicular size in the Mel and Non-Mel groups under long-day (LD) photoperiods, and in the Non-Mel group under short-day (SD) photoperiod. Conversely, the testicular size was drastically reduced in the Mel group for SD. Seminiferous tubules in the Mel and Non-Mel groups of the SD showed cytomorphological changes, including degenerated cells, focal vacuolations, and depletion of germinal epithelium. However, the germinal epithelium appeared to be complete and active in both the Mel and Non-Mel groups for the LD. In all groups, the testes showed positive staining for PAS with varying intensities. There was a significant difference in PAS-staining intensity between different photoperiodic regimes and exogenous melatonin. The study observed the interaction between photoperiods and exogenous melatonin on glutathione reductase (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and serum testosterone. Overall, the results indicated that a long-day (LD) photoperiod, combined with exogenous melatonin, enhanced reproductive activity in male guinea fowl by increasing testicular size and serum testosterone concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent J Gosomji
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Jos, Nigeria
| | - Umar M Bello
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
| | - Tavershima Dzenda
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Abdullahi Baso
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Augustine Arukwe
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tom A Aire
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, True Blue, Grenada
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195
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Rathour A, Gupte SS, Gupta D, Singh S, Shrivastava S, Yadav D, Shukla S. Modulatory potential of Bacopa monnieri against aflatoxin B1 induced biochemical, molecular and histological alterations in rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae060. [PMID: 38655144 PMCID: PMC11033570 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative injury is concerned with the pathogenesis of several liver injuries, including those from acute liver failure to cirrhosis. This study was designed to explore the antioxidant activity of Bacopa monnieri (BM) on Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) induced oxidative damage in Wistar albino rats. Aflatoxin B1 treatment (200 μg/kg/day, p.o.) for 28 days induced oxidative injury by a significant alteration in serum liver function test marker enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, albumin and bilirubin), inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) along with reduction of antioxidant enzymes (GSH, SOD, CAT), GSH cycle enzymes and drug-metabolizing enzymes (AH and AND). Treatment of rats with B. monnieri (20, 30 and 40 mg/kg for 5 days, p.o.) after 28 days of AFB1 intoxication significantly restored these parameters near control in a dose-dependent way. Histopathological examination disclosed extensive hepatic injuries, characterized by cellular necrosis, infiltration, congestion and sinusoidal dilatation in the AFB1-treated group. Treatment with B. monnieri significantly reduced these toxic effects resulting from AFB1. B. monnieriper se group (40 mg/kg) did not show any significant change and proved safe. The cytotoxic activity of B. monnieri was also evaluated on HepG2 cells and showed a good percentage of cytotoxic activity. This finding suggests that B. monnieri protects the liver against oxidative damage caused by AFB1, which aids in the evaluation of the traditional usage of this medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Rathour
- UNESCO Trace Element Satellite Centre, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, City Centre Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 474011, India
| | - Shamli S Gupte
- UNESCO Trace Element Satellite Centre, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, City Centre Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 474011, India
| | - Divya Gupta
- UNESCO Trace Element Satellite Centre, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, City Centre Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 474011, India
| | - Shubham Singh
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, CG 495009, India
| | - Sadhana Shrivastava
- UNESCO Trace Element Satellite Centre, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, City Centre Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 474011, India
| | - Deepa Yadav
- UNESCO Trace Element Satellite Centre, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, City Centre Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 474011, India
| | - Sangeeta Shukla
- UNESCO Trace Element Satellite Centre, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, City Centre Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 474011, India
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196
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Giner J, Jiménez J, Gómez A, Rodríguez-Largo A, Juan-Sallés C, Riera C, Fisa R, Villanueva-Saz S. Nodular pyogranulomatous panniculitis due to Leishmania infantum infection in a domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo). Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1245-1251. [PMID: 38095745 PMCID: PMC10998802 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10276-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Leishmaniosis is a vector-borne disease caused by different Leishmania species and transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies under natural conditions in Europe. Scientific information related to Leishmania infantum in dogs is extensive, where less information is available in cats and other companion animals. Recently, first clinical cases of L.infantum infection in domestic ferrrets (Mustela putorius furo) have been described. However, clinical information on leishmaniosis in this species is limited A 15-month-old male neutered domestic ferret was presented with chronic weight loss and the presence of coalescent, erythematous and firm subcutaneous nodules in the ventral abdominal subcutis. A fine-needle aspiration of these nodules was performed and the cytological examination revealed a granulomatous inflammation with the presence of macrophages contained a number of oval organisms with an eccentric nucleus and pale cytoplasm, compatible with Leishmania spp. amastigotes compatible with Leishmania spp. amastigotes. The nodules were surgically excised and histological examination showed a severe multifocal pyogranulomatous panniculitis. Specific immunohistochemistry and qPCR for L. infantum from excised nodules were positive. Additionally, L. infantum was cultured and isolated from the nodules by a fine-needle aspiration. An in-house Western Blot test for L. infantum was performed in serum sample and a positive result was obtained. This is the first reported case of nodular pyogranulomatous panniculitis due to L. infantum infection in a domestic ferret. Further studies are necessary to determine the relevance of domestic ferrets in the transmission of leishmaniosis. The description of new clinical forms of the disease is important as it can assist veterinarians in identifying these new clinical presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacobo Giner
- Menescalia Veterinary Clinic, Ismael Merlo Actor, 5, Valencia, 46020, Spain
| | - Jordi Jiménez
- Els Altres Veterinary Clinic, Carrer del Rosselló, 274, Barcelona, 08037, Spain
| | - Alex Gómez
- Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, Zaragoza, 50013, Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez-Largo
- Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, Zaragoza, 50013, Spain
| | - Carles Juan-Sallés
- Noah's Path, Arquitecto Santiago Pérez Aracil 30 bajo (centro veterinario), Elche, 03203, Spain
| | - Cristina Riera
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII s/n, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Roser Fisa
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII s/n, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Sergio Villanueva-Saz
- Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, Zaragoza, 50013, Spain.
- Veterinary Faculty, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, Zaragoza, 50013, Spain.
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197
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Piñeiro-Silva C, Gadea J. Optimizing oocyte electroporation for genetic modification of porcine embryos: Evaluation of the parthenogenetic activation. Theriogenology 2024; 218:126-136. [PMID: 38325149 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
In reproductive biology, understanding the effects of novel techniques on early embryo development is of paramount importance. To date, the effects of electrical activation on oocytes prior to in vitro fertilization (IVF) are not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of oocyte electroporation prior to IVF on embryo development and to differentiate between true embryos and parthenotes by using a TPCN2 knock-out (KO) male to evaluate the presence of the KO allele in the resulting blastocysts. The study consisted of three experiments. The first one examined oocyte electroporation with and without subsequent IVF and found that electroporated oocytes had higher activation rates, increased occurrence of a single pronucleus, and no effect on sperm penetration. Cleavage rates improved in electroporated oocytes, but blastocyst rates remained constant. Genotype analysis revealed a significant increase in the proportion of parthenotes in the electroporated groups compared to the IVF control (30.2 % vs. 6.8 %). The second experiment compared two electroporation media, Opti-MEM and Nuclease-Free Duplex Buffer (DB). DB induced higher oocyte degeneration rates, and lower cleavage and blastocyst rates than Opti-MEM, while parthenogenetic formation remained consistent (60.0 and 48.5 %). In the third experiment, the timing of electroporation relative to IVF was evaluated (1 h before IVF, immediately before IVF and 7 h after IVF). Electroporation immediately before IVF resulted in higher activation rates and different pronuclear proportions compared to the other timing groups. The penetration rate was higher in the immediate electroporation group, and cleavage rate improved in all electroporated groups compared to the control. Blastocyst rates remained constant. Genotyping revealed no significant differences in parthenote proportions among the timing groups, but these were higher than the control (56.25 %, 63.89 %, 51.61 %, 2.44 %, respectively), and showed higher mutation rates when electroporation was performed 7 h after IVF. Overall, this comprehensive study sheds light on the potential of electroporation for creating genetically modified embryos and the importance of media selection and timing in the process, the best media being the Opti-MEM and the more efficient timing regarding mutation rate, 7 h post-IVF, even when the parthenote formation did not differ among electroporated groups. Further studies are needed to reduce the parthenogenetic activation while maintaining high mutation rates to optimize the use of this procedure for the generation of gene-edited pig embryos by oocyte/zygote electroporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Piñeiro-Silva
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research "Campus Mare Nostrum" and Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Joaquín Gadea
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research "Campus Mare Nostrum" and Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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198
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Oloruntola OD, Ayodele SO, Oloruntola DA, Olarotimi OJ, Falowo AB, Akinduro VO, Adeniji OE, Adu OA, Gbore FA. Performance, HSP70 expression, antioxidant enzymes, oxidative DNA damage biomarkers, metabolic hormones, and intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens fed mistletoe leaf powder supplemented diets under tropical high ambient temperatures. J Therm Biol 2024; 121:103861. [PMID: 38714146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
The study investigated the impact of Mistletoe Leaf Powder (MLP) supplementation on some parameters in heat-stressed broiler chickens. The standard baseline diets, comprising four different formulations, were provided during the starter and finisher stages. Chickens were randomly assigned to the 4 dietary groups: a negative control (CON) with no supplementation, a positive control (VTC) with 200 mg/kg vitamin C, and 2 experimental treatment groups with 2500 mg/kg (MLP2) and 5000 mg/kg (MLP5) MLP supplementation. The Body Weight Gain (BWG) in MLP2 and MLP5 treatment groups was comparable (P > 0.05) to those in VTC, while the CON group exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) lower BWG. Feed consumption was significantly (P < 0.05) lower broiler chickens in the CON group compared to those VTC, MLP2, and MLP5. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) levels were lower in broiler chickens belonging to VTC, MLP2, and MLP5 groups compared to those in CON, and MLP2 showed no difference (P > 0.05) from MLP5 and VTC. Serum glutathione peroxidase and catalase concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) in birds belonging to MLP5, MLP2, and VTC groups compared to CON. The 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine concentration was lower (P < 0.05) in birds of VTC, MLP2, and MLP5 compared to the CON, with VTC showing the least concentration. Serum insulin levels were higher (P < 0.05) in MLP5 compared to those in CON, while serum triiodothyronine and leptin concentrations were lower (P < 0.05) in CON compared to birds in VTC, MLP2, and MLP5. Microbiota analysis revealed that the Coliform bacteria population was higher (P < 0.05) in birds belonging to CON compared to those in VTC, MLP2, and MLP5 groups, whereas lactic acid-producing bacteria were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in birds of CON and highest in MLP2 and MLP5 groups. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of MLP at 5000 mg/kg enhanced performance, oxidative status, influenced metabolic hormones, and gut microbiota in broiler chickens raised under high ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Olufemi Adesanya Adu
- Department of Animal Production and Health, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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199
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Rueda JR, Porto CD, Franco RP, da Costa IB, Bueno LMC, Girio RJS, Manhoso FFR, Bueno PCDS, Repetti CSF. Mammary neoplasms in female dogs: Clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. VET MED-CZECH 2024; 69:99-114. [PMID: 38751991 PMCID: PMC11093647 DOI: 10.17221/4/2024-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
With the increase in the life expectancy of domestic animals and their increasingly affectionate relationship with their owners, it is possible to observe an increase in cases of neoplasms in these animals. Mammary neoplasia mainly affects older females who have not been castrated, due to hormonal dependence for the development of the tumour. The main form of treatment is surgery. This study aims to carry out an updated review on mammary neoplasms in female dogs covering the anatomy, physiology, prevalence, causes, diagnoses, treatments, prevention and prognosis, based on scientific articles by renowned researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina Reato Rueda
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Marilia – UNIMAR, Marilia/SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Dias Porto
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Marilia – UNIMAR, Marilia/SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Raul Jose Silva Girio
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Marilia – UNIMAR, Marilia/SP, Brazil
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200
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Schroers M, Goossens J, Zablotski Y, Meyer-Lindenberg A. Fur Cortisol in French Bulldogs with Different Manifestations of Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1060. [PMID: 38612298 PMCID: PMC11011149 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present study, 33 French bulldogs with varying degrees of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) were evaluated for various parameters to provide evidence of chronic stress in the dogs. For this purpose, an owner interview, a clinical examination, and cortisol concentrations in the fur of the dogs were collected. The median cortisol concentration in the fur of the dogs suffering from BOAS (n = 19) was 0.99 pg/mg (range 0.63-66.18), while that of the control group (n = 14) was 1.13 pg/mg (range 0.3-43.45). However, the statistical analysis did not reveal a statistically significant difference; therefore, it is not possible to distinguish between dogs clinically affected with BOAS and those without clinically relevant signs of the disease. There was no statistically significant difference between the age of the animals and the fur cortisol. None of the owners in the examination and control groups indicated that their dog was suffering from chronic stress which shows that the disease is easily underestimated and remains common. Thus, a thorough clinical examination by an experienced veterinarian remains the gold standard in order to diagnose BOAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Schroers
- Clinic of Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
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