23151
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Bolcato M, Aurilio MT, Aprile A, Di Mizio G, Della Pietra B, Feola A. Take-Home Messages from the COVID-19 Pandemic: Strengths and Pitfalls of the Italian National Health Service from a Medico-Legal Point of View. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 9:17. [PMID: 33375544 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak of the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection a pandemic on 11 March 2020. As of the end of October 2020, there were 50 million cases of infection and over one million deaths recorded worldwide, over 45,000 of which occurred in Italy. In Italy, the demand for intensive care over the course of this pandemic crisis has been exceptionally high, resulting in a severe imbalance between the demand for and availability of the necessary resources. This paper focuses on elements of preventive medicine and medical treatments in emergency and non-emergency situations which, based on the international scientific literature, may prove to be useful to physicians on a behavioral level and avert professional liability problems. In order to achieve this objective, we have performed a search on MEDLINE to find published articles related to the risks associated with the pandemic that contain useful suggestions and strategies for mitigating risks and protecting the safety of the population. The results have been collocated in line with these specific study areas.
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23152
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Li H, Zhu Z, Wei L, Zeng Z, Qu W. Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder in Recipient's Reconstructed Middle Hepatic Vein After Pediatric Living Donor Liver Transplant: A Case Report. Transplant Proc 2021; 53:1308-12. [PMID: 33358421 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is known as one of the most frequent post-transplant neoplastic diseases, which may lead to recipient and graft morbidity after liver transplant. PATIENT A 14-year-old boy received pediatric living donor liver transplant (right living graft) 29 months ago, with etiology of biliary atresia. During 22-month follow-up after transplant, computed tomography and positron emission tomography with computed tomography scan showed a single progressive mass locating in the graft cutting surface with occlusive reconstructed middle hepatic vein (MHV). Serology was negative for Epstein-Barr virus serology. Mild fever and pneumonia did not improve after 1-week intravenous antibiotics. PTLD was considered. RESULTS A surgical resection was scheduled and performed in compliance with the Helsinki Congress and the Istanbul Declaration. During laparotomy, a single mass located in the reconstructed MHV from segment V to the inferior vena cava was confirmed. Postoperative immunohistochemical result showed CD 3(+), CD 20(+), CD 38(+), CD 10(-), CD 56(-), Ki-67(+, 20%-30%), Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA(-), and Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2(-). Polymorphic PTLD was eventually diagnosed. No recurrence or new set lesions were detected after 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS This is the first case describing PTLD may originate from reconstructed MHV after pediatric living donor liver transplant. As a life-threatening complication of liver transplant, surgical resection should be considered as a safe and feasible treatment for the single resectable mass.
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23153
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Ali MY, Akter Z, Mei Z, Zheng M, Tania M, Khan MA. Thymoquinone in autoimmune diseases: Therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 134:111157. [PMID: 33370631 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (AUDs) are a multifactorial disease, among which rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis are more prevalent. Several anti-inflammatory, biologics, and AUD-modifying drugs are found effective against them, but their repeated use are associated with various adverse effects. In this review article, we have focused on the regulation of inflammatory molecules, molecular signaling pathways, immune cells, and epigenetics by natural product thymoquinone on AUDs. Studies indicate that thymoquinone can regulate inflammatory molecules including interferons, interleukins, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), oxidative stress, regulatory T cells, and various signaling pathways such as nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κβ), janus kinase/signal transduction and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) at the molecular level and epigenetic alteration. As these molecules and signaling pathways with defective immune function play an important role in AUD development, controlling these molecules and deregulated molecular mechanism is a significant feature of AUD therapeutics. Interestingly thymoquinone is reported to possess all these potential. This article reviewed the deregulated mechanism of AUDs, and the action of thymoquinone on inflammatory molecules, immune cells, signaling pathways, and epigenetic machinery. Thymoquinone can be regarded as a potential drug candidate for AUD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Yousuf Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gono Bishwabidyalay, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zakia Akter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gono Bishwabidyalay, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zhiqiang Mei
- The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Meiling Zheng
- The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Mousumi Tania
- Research Division, Nature Study Society of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Division of Molecular Cancer Biology, Red Green Research Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Asaduzzaman Khan
- The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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23154
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Saito T, Ebihara Y, Li L, Shirosaki T, Iijima H, Tanaka K, Nakanishi Y, Asano T, Noji T, Kurashima Y, Murakami S, Nakamura T, Tsuchikawa T, Okamura K, Shichinohe T, Hirano S. A novel laparoscopic near-infrared fluorescence spectrum system for photodynamic diagnosis of peritoneal dissemination in pancreatic cancer. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 33:102157. [PMID: 33348076 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosing peritoneal dissemination is essential for selecting the appropriate therapeutic strategy for patients with pancreatic cancer. Intraoperative laparoscopic diagnosis enables the selection of less invasive surgical strategies. Photodynamic diagnosis using 5-aminolevulinic acid may improve gastrointestinal cancer diagnostic accuracy, although weak fluorescence is not easily detected. Here we aimed to improve this sensitivity using laparoscopic spectrophotometry. METHODS Photodynamic diagnosis was performed using serial dilutions of protoporphyrin IX, and its detectability using laparoscopic spectrophotometry was compared with that using naked-eye observation. Five-aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic diagnosis was performed for pancreatic cancer cell lines, and a murine peritoneal disseminated nodule model was established. We compared laparoscopic spectrophotometry and naked-eye observation results using white and fluorescent lights and compared them to routine histopathological examination results. Photodynamic diagnoses were made in 2017 and 2018 in eight patients with pancreatic cancer. RESULTS Weaker fluorescence of the diluted protoporphyrin IX samples was better detected with spectrophotometry than with naked-eye observation. Moreover, a spectrograph of protoporphyrin IX in multiple cell lines was detected by spectrophotometry. In the murine model, the detection rates were 62 %, 78 %, and 90 % for naked-eye observation with white light, fluorescent light, and spectrophotometry, respectively. Comparisons of fluorescent light-negative peritonea with and without pathological metastases showed significantly higher spectrophotometric intensities in the former (P < 0.010). In clinical studies, three fluorescent light-negative spectrophotometry-positive pathologically metastatic lesions were observed. CONCLUSIONS Laparoscopic spectrophotometry in the murine model and extraperitoneally photodynamic diagnoses using spectrophotometry in clinical practice are sensitive photodynamic diagnostic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Saito
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuma Ebihara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Bio-material, Chitose Institute of Science and Technology, Chitose, Japan
| | - Tomoya Shirosaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Iijima
- Department of Biostatistics, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kimitaka Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Nakanishi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshimichi Asano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takehiro Noji
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yo Kurashima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Soichi Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toru Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsuchikawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Okamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shichinohe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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23155
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Mielgo-Rubio X, Garde-Noguera J, Juan O, Couñago F. Stereotactic body radiation therapy: A good dance partner of oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer to the sound of SINDAS study. World J Clin Oncol 2020; 11:983-989. [PMID: 33437660 PMCID: PMC7769713 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v11.i12.983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer Research published a consensus statement to establish the key criteria to define oligometastatic disease (OMD). According to those criteria, all lesions (both primary and metastatic) should be amenable to radical intent treatment with acceptable toxicity. Several retrospective studies have shown that adding local ablative therapy to the treatment of OMD improves outcomes; however, due to the diverse selection criteria and treatment strategies used in those studies, it is difficult to compare directly results to draw definitive conclusions. In recent years, prospective phase II trials, such as the SABR-COMET and "Oligomez" trials, have shown that stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) improves outcomes in patients with OMD. More recently, interim results of the randomised phase 3 SINDAS trial were reported at the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 2020 demonstrating that upfront SBRT added to systemic treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors yielded a significant benefit in both progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor-mutant oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer. In the present editorial, we review the definition and historical context of advanced non-small cell lung cancer with OMD. In addition, we review the scientific evidence for local ablative therapy and SBRT and discuss the results of recently published prospective studies. We also discuss in depth the results of the SINDAS study, including the strengths and weaknesses of the study and the barriers to extrapolating these results to routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xabier Mielgo-Rubio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Madrid 28922, Spain
| | - Javier Garde-Noguera
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, C/Sant Climent, Valencia 46015, Spain
| | - Oscar Juan
- Department of Medical Oncology, La Fe University Hospital, Valencia 46026, Comunitat Valenciana, Spain
- School of Medicine, Catholic University San Vicente Martir, Valencia 46001, Comunitat Valenciana, Spain
| | - Felipe Couñago
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud Madrid, Hospital La Luz, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid 28028, Spain
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23156
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Tu Y, Liu Z, Wang F, Liu P, Tao J, Li C, Han Z, Li Z, Ma Y, Gu Y. AT1R-Specific Ligand Angiotensin II as a Novel SPECT Agent for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Diagnosis. ACS Sens 2020; 5:4072-4080. [PMID: 33232127 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by a high mortality and early diagnosis and treatment are critically needed. Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) has recently emerged as a potential molecular target for cancer diagnosis and intervention. Here, we labeled angiotensin II (Ang II), an AT1R ligand that is overexpressed in various solid cancers, with the near-infrared fluorescent dye, MPA, and radionuclide technetium-99m, and evaluated its capacity for HCC detection. These analyses were done in vitro using HepG2 (AT1R-positive) and BxPC3 (AT1R-negative) cell lines, and in vivo using a subcutaneous and orthotopic xenograft mouse model by fluorescence and SPECT imaging. Both Ang II-PEG4-MPA- and [99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-PEG4-Ang II-bound AT1R exhibited a high affinity in vitro and [99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-PEG4-Ang II displayed an acceptable level of in vitro stability in rat plasma and whole blood. In vivo imaging revealed excellent specific tumor-targeting in HepG2 mouse xenografts models. In vitro and in vivo competition experiments revealed specific Ang II-PEG4-MPA and [99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-PEG4-Ang II uptake by HepG2 cells and tumors. Altogether, AT1R-positive tumors were successfully detected via fluorescence and SPECT imaging using Ang II-PEG4-MPA and [99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-PEG4-Ang II, respectively. Given their superior targeting capacity, Ang II-PEG4-MPA and [99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-PEG4-Ang II are promising tools for HCC detection and warrant clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbiao Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Gulou District, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangzhong Cancer Research Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1688 Meiling Road, Wanli District, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Zicun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Gulou District, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Gulou District, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Peifei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Gulou District, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ji Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Gulou District, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Changsheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Gulou District, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhihao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Gulou District, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhaolun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Gulou District, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Gulou District, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yueqing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Gulou District, Nanjing 210009, China
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23157
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Shoorei H, Abak A, Abbas Raza SH, Pichler M, Taheri M. Role of non-coding RNAs in modulating the response of cancer cells to paclitaxel treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 134:111172. [PMID: 33360156 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel is a chemotherapeutic substance that is administered for treatment of an extensive spectrum of human malignancies. In spite of its potent short-term effects against tumor cells, resistance to paclitaxel occurs in a number of patients precluding its long-term application in these patients. Non-coding RNAs have been shown to influence response of cancer cells to this chemotherapeutic agent via different mechanisms. Mechanistically, these transcripts regulate expression of several genes particularly those being involved in the apoptotic processes. Lots of in vivo and in vitro assays have demonstrated the efficacy of oligonucleotide-mediated microRNAs (miRNA)/ long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) silencing in enhancement of response of cancer cells to paclitaxel. Therefore, targeted therapies against non-coding RNAs have been suggested as applicable modalities for combatting resistance to this agent. In the present review, we provide a summary of studies which assessed the role of miRNAs and lncRNAs in conferring resistance to paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Shoorei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Atefe Abak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China
| | - Martin Pichler
- Research Unit of Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing in Cancer, Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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23158
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Celiac disease is very common, with some estimates placing the prevalence at approximately 1: 300 worldwide. Typified by autoimmune degradation of the duodenal brush border due to reactivity with dietary gluten, causing malabsorption, it classically presents with both gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms. Gastrointestinal symptoms commonly include diarrhea, constipation, foul steatorrhea, flatulence, and bloating. With increased awareness and availability of testing, it is rare that a patient would present with celiac crisis, which is a syndrome of profuse diarrhea and severe metabolic/nutritional disturbances. In children, interestingly, celiac disease can present primarily as behavioral disturbance, such as increased aggression or anxiety, with milder or absent gastrointestinal symptoms. CASE REPORT A 25-year-old man with a history of schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder presented for behavioral disturbance after breaking into a neighbor's house to eat food. He also reported several months of diarrhea and fecal incontinence and was noted to have severe malnutrition on exam, despite dramatic food intake. Tissue transglutaminase IgA antibody (TTG) and gliadin IgA were highly suggestive of celiac disease, which was confirmed by biopsy. He was started on a lactose-free and gluten-free diet, and required a short course of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for nutritional resuscitation. He improved rapidly with this intervention, and returned to nutritional and behavioral baseline. CONCLUSIONS We report a unique case in which an adult with psychiatric comorbidities presented with predominantly behavioral disturbances, a more common presentation in children with the disorder. These patients may present in an atypical fashion, and the clinician should have a high index of suspicion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Murphy
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Joseph A Norton
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Benjamin R Pflederer
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL, USA.,Department of Medicine, OSF St. Francis Medical Center, Peoria, IL, USA
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23159
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Wu M, Zhang X, Han X, Pandey V, Lobie PE, Zhu T. The potential of long noncoding RNAs for precision medicine in human cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 501:12-9. [PMID: 33359450 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Precision medicine promises to better classify patients by individual clinical and biological biomarkers, which may provide an accurate assessment of disease risk, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment response. Cancer frequently displays substantial inter-tumor and intra-tumor heterogeneity and hence oncology is well suited for application of precision approaches. Recent studies have demonstrated that dysregulated lncRNAs play pivotal roles in tumor heterogeneity. In this review, attention is focused on the potential applications of lncRNAs as biomarker candidates for cancer risk evaluation, detection, surveillance and prognosis. LncRNAs are often stable in clinical samples and easily detected. The functional implications and therapeutic potential of targeting lncRNAs in human cancer are further discussed. Finally, existing deficiencies and future perspectives in translating fundamental lncRNA knowledge into clinical practice are highlighted.
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23160
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Gudu T, Jadon DR. Multidisciplinary working in the management of axial and peripheral spondyloarthritis. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2020; 12:1759720X20975888. [PMID: 33354231 PMCID: PMC7734487 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x20975888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidisciplinary (MD) care is essential in the management of patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) and is one of the main pillars of disease management and patient care. However, evidence supporting the effectiveness and benefits of this strategy in SpA is scarce. In this review we discuss the three types of MD care models: (i) combined clinics (MD units), including ‘face to face’, ‘parallel’ and ‘circuit approach’ clinics; (ii) MD team meetings; (iii) group consultations. The most frequently used model in SpA studies has been the ‘parallel’ combined clinic and usually encompasses a rheumatologist and another specialist, most commonly a dermatologist or a gastroenterologist, that work in tandem according to predefined referral criteria and treatment algorithms. MD working seems to improve the care of patients with SpA by a better identification and diagnosis of the disease, an earlier and more comprehensive treatment approach, and better outcomes for patients in terms of disease activity, physical function, quality of life and patient satisfaction. Nevertheless, challenges remain. Data on effectiveness and feasibility are scarce and are mostly derived from studies with design issues and often without a unidisciplinary care comparator arm. Although patient centricity is one of the core values of patient care and MD setting in SpA, the patient often does not play an active role in most of the MD settings studied or in common clinical practice. Further efforts should be made so that MD care reflects patients’ expectations and needs. Overcoming these limits will help to implement successfully SpA MD care in daily clinical practice and subsequently to achieve a higher quality of care for our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Gudu
- Department of Rheumatology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHSFT, Cambridge, UK
| | - Deepak R Jadon
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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23161
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An R, Wang X, Yang L, Zhang J, Wang N, Xu F, Hou Y, Zhang H, Zhang L. Polystyrene microplastics cause granulosa cells apoptosis and fibrosis in ovary through oxidative stress in rats. Toxicology 2020; 449:152665. [PMID: 33359712 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are receiving increased attention as a harmful environmental pollutant. Studies have investigated that MPs have reproductive toxicity, but the mechanism is little known. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) on ovary in rats and the underlying molecular mechanisms. in vivo, thirty-two female Wistar rats were exposed to 0.5 μm PS-MPs at different concentrations (0, 0.015, 0.15 and 1.5 mg/d) for 90 days. And then, all animals were sacrificed, ovaries and blood were collected for testing. in vitro, granulosa cells (GCs) were separated from rat ovary and treated with 0、1、5、25 μg/mL PS-MPs and reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) respectively. Our results showed that PS-MPs could enter into GCs and result in the reducing of growing follicles number. And the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) manifested that PS-MPs could obviously decrease the level of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). In addition, PS-MPs induced oxidative stress, apoptosis of GCs and ovary fibrosis evidenced by assay kits, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, Masson's trichrome and Sirius red staining. Moreover, the western blot assay manifested that PS-MPs exposure significantly increased the expression levels of Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathways-related proteins (Wnt, β-catenin, p-β-catenin) and the main fibrosis markers (transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Additionally, the expression levels of Wnt and p-β-catenin, apoptosis of GCs decreased after NAC treatment. In summary, polystyrene microplastics cause fibrosis via Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway activation and granulosa cells apoptosis of ovary through oxidative stress in rats, both of which ultimately resulted in decrease of ovarian reserve capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru An
- College of Clinical Medicine, Bin Zhou Medical University, Yan Tai, PR China
| | - Xifeng Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yu Huang Ding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Long Yang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Bin Zhou Medical University, Yan Tai, PR China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Nana Wang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Bin Zhou Medical University, Yan Tai, PR China
| | - Feibo Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR China; College of Basic Medicine & Xu Rongxiang Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Yun Hou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR China; College of Basic Medicine & Xu Rongxiang Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Hongqin Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR China; College of Basic Medicine & Xu Rongxiang Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Lianshuang Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR China; College of Basic Medicine & Xu Rongxiang Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR China.
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23162
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Flori L, Testai L, Calderone V. The "irisin system": From biological roles to pharmacological and nutraceutical perspectives. Life Sci 2021; 267:118954. [PMID: 33359670 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The scientific interest in irisin, a myokine discovered in 2012, has grown exponentially in recent years. Irisin, which is mainly produced in skeletal muscle, influences the browning process of adipose tissue and lipid and energy metabolism. Recent discoveries highlight that the potential of this hormone may have been underestimated. In the first part of this review, reports on irisin structure and molecules involved in its metabolic pathway are shown. Furthermore, data related to unclear aspects are also reported: distribution, different gene expression of its precursors in different tissues, physiological levels of circulating irisin, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile. The second part of this work focuses on exogenous stimuli and pharmacological agents which regulate the metabolic pathway of irisin and its serum concentration. In addition to physical exercise and exposure to low temperatures, which were early recognized as exogenous stimuli able to promote the production of this myokine, preclinical and clinical evidence demonstrates the ability of natural and synthetic molecules to interfere with this metabolic pathway. Current experimental data on irisin cannot dissolve all doubts related to this interesting molecule, but they certainly underline its potential for therapeutic purposes. Thus, identification of new pharmacological tools able to act on the irisin pathway is a challenging issue for biomedical research.
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23163
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Choi CK, Shin MH, Cho SH, Kim HY, Zheng W, Long J, Kweon SS. Association between ALDH2 and ADH1B Polymorphisms and the Risk for Colorectal Cancer in Koreans. Cancer Res Treat 2020; 53:754-762. [PMID: 33421985 PMCID: PMC8291179 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2020.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Excessive alcohol consumption has been linked to an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). We evaluated the association between alcohol-related genetic variants and CRC risk. Materials and Methods The study cohort consisted of 5,435 CRC cases and 3,553 population-based cancer-free controls. Genotype data were generated from germline DNA using the Infinium OncoArray-500K BeadChip in 2,535 cases and 2,287 controls and the Infinium Multi-Ethnic Global BeadChip in 2,900 cases and 1,266 controls. The associations between aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) rs671 and alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) rs1229984 polymorphisms and CRC risk were assessed using multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results Compared with the major homozygous ALDH2 genotype (GG), heterozygous or minor homozygous ALDH2 genotype (GA or AA, related to a low alcohol consumption) was significantly associated with a reduced risk for CRC in men (odds ratio [OR], 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68 to 0.90), but not in women (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.47 to 1.05). A stronger association was found among regular drinkers (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.71 in men and OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.58 in women). No association of CRC risk with ADH1B rs1229984 genotype was found. The association between alcohol-related combined genotypes and risk of CRC was significant (p for linear=0.001). The combined genotype with the highest genetically predicted alcohol consumption (ALDH2 rs671 GG and ADH1B rs1229984 AG/GG) was associated with a high risk for CRC (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.63). Conclusion Our study provides strong evidence for a possible causal association between alcohol consumption and CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Kyun Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Min-Ho Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Sang-Hee Cho
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Hye-Yeon Kim
- Gwangju-Jeonnam Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Wei Zheng
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jirong Long
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sun-Seog Kweon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
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23164
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Han Y, Jang JY, Oh MY, Kim HS, Byun Y, Kang JS, Kim SH, Lee KB, Kim H, Kwon W. Natural history and optimal treatment strategy of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas: Analysis using a nomogram and Markov decision model. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 2020; 28:131-142. [PMID: 33283481 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE With the increase in detection of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN), a tailored approach is needed. This study was aimed at exploring the natural history of IPMN and suggest optimal treatment based on malignancy risk using a nomogram and Markov decision model. METHODS Patients with IPMN who underwent surveillance or surgery were included. Changes in worrisome features/high-risk stigmata and malignancy conversion rate were assessed. Life expectancy and quality-adjusted life year (QALY) were compared using a nomogram predicting malignancy. RESULTS Overall, 2006 patients with histologically confirmed or radiologically typical IPMN were enrolled. Of these, 1773 (88.4%), 81 (4.0%), and 152 (7.6%), respectively, had branch duct (BD)-, main duct-, and mixed-type IPMN at initial diagnosis. The cumulative risk of developing worrisome feature or high-risk stigmata was 19.0% and 35.0% at 5- and 10-year follow-up, respectively. The progression of malignancy rate at 10-year follow-up was 79.9% for main and mixed IPMNs and 5.9% for BD-IPMN. Nomogram-based malignancy risk prediction is well correlated with natural history based on pathologic biopsy and shows good stratification of survival. The decision model recommends surgery to maximize survival and QALY especially in those with >35% malignancy risk. CONCLUSIONS Compared with main duct- and mixed-type IPMN, which have a high risk of malignancy (79.9%), BD-IPMN is very indolent (5.9%). The nomogram-based decision model suggests surgery rather than surveillance for patients with a high malignancy risk. The optimal treatment strategy between surgery and surveillance should consider patients' health status, malignancy risk, and centers' experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngmin Han
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Young Jang
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon Young Oh
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeong Seok Kim
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoonhyeong Byun
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Seung Kang
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Hyung Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Bun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hongbeom Kim
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wooil Kwon
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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23165
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Di Federico A, Rizzo A, Ricci AD, Frega G, Palloni A, Tavolari S, Brandi G. Nivolumab: an investigational agent for the treatment of biliary tract cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 30:325-332. [PMID: 33307866 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1863946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) include four uncommon primary biliary malignancies characterized by poor prognosis: intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer, and ampulla of Vater cancer. To date, the available therapeutic options are limited; nevertheless, with the advent of targeted therapy and immunotherapy, the treatment scenario is constantly changing, opening toward future possibilities for the personalized treatment of BTC. Among these treatments, nivolumab is currently being investigated in BTC.Areas covered: This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent progress and future perspectives of immunotherapy for the treatment of BTC, with a particular focus on nivolumab, which has demonstrated its effectiveness in many malignancies and is in its initial phase of evaluation in BTC.Expert opinion: BTCs are not among those tumors that demonstrated remarkable sensitivity to immunotherapy, such as melanoma or non-small-cell lung cancer. However, the results obtained with nivolumab are not disappointing if we analyze the population of the trials testing its efficacy, including pretreated patients, unselected for PD-L1 expression and with different BTCs. In our opinion, ICIs such as nivolumab could fill an empty spot in the treatment of selected BTC patients, especially in combination with other agents, and the results of ongoing clinical trials are awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Di Federico
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, via Albertoni, 15 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rizzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, via Albertoni, 15 Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela Dalia Ricci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, via Albertoni, 15 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Frega
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, via Albertoni, 15 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Palloni
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, via Albertoni, 15 Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Tavolari
- Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, via Albertoni, 15 Bologna, Italy.,Center of Applied Biomedical Research, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Brandi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, via Albertoni, 15 Bologna, Italy
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23166
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Das B, Sivagnanam M. Congenital Tufting Enteropathy: Biology, Pathogenesis and Mechanisms. J Clin Med 2020; 10:E19. [PMID: 33374714 PMCID: PMC7793535 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital tufting enteropathy (CTE) is an autosomal recessive disease of infancy that causes severe intestinal failure with electrolyte imbalances and impaired growth. CTE is typically diagnosed by its characteristic histological features, including villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia and focal epithelial tufts consisting of densely packed enterocytes. Mutations in the EPCAM and SPINT2 genes have been identified as the etiology for this disease. The significant morbidity and mortality and lack of direct treatments for CTE patients demand a better understanding of disease pathophysiology. Here, the latest knowledge of CTE biology is systematically reviewed, including clinical aspects, disease genetics, and research model systems. Particular focus is paid to the pathogenesis of CTE and predicted mechanisms of the disease as these would provide insight for future therapeutic options. The contribution of intestinal homeostasis, including the role of intestinal cell differentiation, defective enterocytes, disrupted barrier and cell-cell junction, and cell-matrix adhesion, is vividly described here (see Graphical Abstract). Moreover, based on the known dynamics of EpCAM signaling, potential mechanistic pathways are highlighted that may contribute to the pathogenesis of CTE due to either loss of EpCAM function or EpCAM mutation. Although not fully elucidated, these pathways provide an improved understanding of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barun Das
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Mamata Sivagnanam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
- Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
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23167
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Nafea H, Youness RA, Abou-Aisha K, Gad MZ. LncRNA HEIH/miR-939-5p interplay modulates triple-negative breast cancer progression through NOS2-induced nitric oxide production. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:5362-5372. [PMID: 33368266 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to unravel the regulatory role of noncoding RNAs (ncRNA) on the nitric oxide (NO) machinery system in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients and to further assess the influence of NO-modulating ncRNAs on TNBC progression, immunogenic profile, and the tumor microenvironment (TME). The results revealed miR-939-5p and lncRNA HEIH as novel ncRNAs modulating NO machinery in TNBC. MiR-939-5p, an underexpressed microRNA (miRNA) in BC patients, showed an inhibitory effect on NOS2 and NOS3 transcript levels on TNBC cells. In contrast, HEIH was found to be markedly upregulated in TNBC patients and showed a modulatory role on miR-939-5p/NOS2/NO axis. Functionally, miR-939-5p was characterized as a tumor suppressor miRNA while HEIH was categorized as a novel oncogenic lncRNA in TNBC. Finally, knocking down of HEIH resulted in improvement of immunogenic profile of TNBC cells through inducing MICA/B and suppressing the immune checkpoint inhibitor PDL1. In the same context, knockdown of HEIH resulted in the alleviation of the immune-suppressive TME by repressing interleukin-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels. In conclusion, this study identifies miR-939-5p as a tumor suppressor miRNA while HEIH as an oncogenic lncRNA exhibiting its effect through miR-939-5p/NOS2/NO axis. Therefore, repressing BC hallmarks, improving TNBC immunogenic profile, and trimming TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Nafea
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, New Cairo City, Egypt
| | - Rana A Youness
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, New Cairo City, Egypt
| | - Khaled Abou-Aisha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, New Cairo City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Z Gad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, New Cairo City, Egypt
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23168
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Chorath K, Go B, Shinn JR, Mady LJ, Poonia S, Newman J, Cannady S, Revenaugh PC, Moreira A, Rajasekaran K. Enhanced recovery after surgery for head and neck free flap reconstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Oncol 2020; 113:105117. [PMID: 33360446 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.105117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Head and neck free flap reconstruction requires multidisciplinary and coordinated care in the perioperative setting to ensure safe recovery and success. Several institutions have introduced enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols to attenuate the surgical stress response and improve postoperative recovery. With multiple studies demonstrating mixed results, the success of these interventions on clinical outcomes has yet to be determined. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of ERAS protocols and clinical care pathways for head and neck free flap reconstruction. METHODS We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and grey literature up to September 1st, 2020 to identify studies comparing patients enrolled in an ERAS protocol and control group. Our primary outcomes included hospital length of stay (LOS) and readmission. Mortality, reoperations, wound complication and ICU (intensive care unit) LOS comprised our secondary outcomes. RESULTS 18 studies met inclusion criteria, representing a total of 2630 patients. The specific components of ERAS protocols used by institutions varied. Nevertheless, patients enrolled in ERAS protocols had reduced hospital LOS (MD -4.36 days [-7.54, -1.18]), readmission rates (OR 0.64 [0.45;0.92]), and wound complications (RR 0.41 [0.21, 0.83]), without an increase in reoperations (RR 0.65 [0.41, 1.02]), mortality (RR 0.38 [0.05, 2.88]), or ICU LOS (MD -2.55 days [-5.84, 0.74]). CONCLUSION There is growing body of evidence supporting the role of ERAS protocols for the perioperative management of head and neck free flap patients. Our findings reveal that structured clinical algorithms for perioperative interventions improve clinically-meaningful outcomes in patients undergoing complex ablation and microvascular reconstruction procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Chorath
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Beatrice Go
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Justin R Shinn
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Leila J Mady
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Seerat Poonia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jason Newman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Steven Cannady
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Peter C Revenaugh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alvaro Moreira
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health-San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Karthik Rajasekaran
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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23169
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Casas ML, Esteban Á, González-Muñoz M, Labrador-Horrillo M, Pascal M, Teniente-Serra A. Proyecto VALIDA: Validation of ALlergy In vitro Diagnostics Assays (Herramientas y recomendaciones para la valoración de las pruebas in vitro en el diagnóstico de la alergia). Adv Lab Med 2020; 1:20200022. [PMCID: PMC10197503 DOI: 10.1515/almed-2020-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
En la evaluación del paciente con sospecha de alergia las pruebas de detección y cuantificación de la inmunoglobulina E (IgE) específica in vitro se usan de manera habitual en los laboratorios clínicos para ayudar en el diagnóstico de la alergia. Actualmente existen diferentes alternativas comerciales para realizar estos ensayos, pero los resultados obtenidos por cada uno de ellos pueden variar, lo que condiciona el diagnóstico y el tratamiento que se le proporcionará al paciente. Con el fin de dar respuesta a los retos planteados por las diferencias entre las distintas técnicas para la determinación in vitro de la IgE específica, un grupo de expertos ha recogido en un documento una serie de recomendaciones sobre las implicaciones que puede tener el uso de una determinada técnica in vitro y el impacto en el manejo del paciente alérgico que suponen las diferencias entre las distintas técnicas. La lectura y el análisis de este documento de consenso ayudarán a entender las implicaciones que tiene el cambio de método de diagnóstico in vitro en el manejo del paciente con alergia, en su calidad de vida y en los costes socioeconómicos asociados a la enfermedad.
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Affiliation(s)
- María L. Casas
- Sociedad Española de Medicina de Laboratorio (SEQC-ML), Barcelona, España
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Madrid, España
| | - Ángel Esteban
- Sociedad Española de Medicina de Laboratorio (SEQC-ML), Barcelona, España
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, España
| | - Miguel González-Muñoz
- Sociedad Española de Inmunología (SEI), Barcelona, España
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España
| | - Moisés Labrador-Horrillo
- Sociedad Española de Alergología e Inmunología Clínica (SEAIC), Madrid, España
- Servicio de Alergología, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, España
| | - Mariona Pascal
- Servicio de Alergología, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, España
- Servicio de Inmunología, CDB, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
- Red de Investigación ARADyAL, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - Aina Teniente-Serra
- Sociedad Española de Inmunología (SEI), Barcelona, España
- Servicio de Inmunología, LCMN, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, España
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23170
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Amini M, Hejazi M, Ghorban K, Mokhtarzadeh A, Baradaran B. Identification of functional methylated CpG loci in PD-L1 promoter as the novel epigenetic biomarkers for primary gastric cancer. Gene 2020; 772:145376. [PMID: 33359128 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is considered one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide due to poor prognosis. Aberrant methylation has been demonstrated to be involved in PD-L1 dysregulated expression in human cancers and possesses a great value as a diagnostic biomarker. Given that, in this study, we investigated the methylation status of PD-L1 as a promising biomarker in primary gastric tumors and identified functional CpG loci undergoing aberrant methylation through tumorigenesis of GC. PD-L1 methylation was initially evaluated in-silico using TCGA-STAD dataset. Pearson's correlation analysis was further employed to identify the most significant functional methylated CpG loci of PD-L1 gene in TCGA-STAD patient cohort. Methylation status and its correlation with PD-L1 expression were also validated using q-MSP and qRT-PCR in a set of internal samples, including 25 paired primary gastric tumors and adjacent normal tissues. The obtained results from TCGA-STAD showed that PD-L1 is significantly hypermethylated through gastric tumorigenesis, mostly in two CpG loci overlapping with cg19724470 and cg15837913 probes. Besides, PD-L1 DNA methylation was negatively correlated with PD-L1 expression in tumor samples. Furthermore, hypermethylation of cg19724470 and cg15837913 regions was validated in primary gastric tumors compared to adjacent normal samples. Also, ROC curve analysis illustrated the high diagnostic value of PD-L1 methylation for early detection of GC (AUC = 0.8110). In conclusion, the findings of this study suggested that PD-L1 expression is regulated by methylation in functional CpG loci and its methylation could be considered as a valuable diagnostic target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amini
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Hejazi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khodayar Ghorban
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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23171
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Pineda-Solis K, Burchard PR, Ruffolo LI, Schoeniger LO, Linehan DC, Moalem J, Galka E. Early Prediction of Length of Stay After Pancreaticoduodenectomy. J Surg Res 2020; 260:499-505. [PMID: 33358193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is an evidence-based clinical pathway designed to standardize and optimize care. We studied the impact of ERAS and sought to identify the most important recommendations to predict shorter length of stay (LOS) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all patients undergoing PD at our institution between January 2014 and June 2018. We compared clinicopathologic outcomes for patients before and after ERAS implementation. We defined "A-recommendations" as those that were graded "strong" and had "moderate" or "high" levels of evidence. We then compared outcomes of the ERAS group with adherence to "A-recommendations" and performed a subset analysis of "A-recommendations" over the first 72 h after surgery, which we termed "early factors". RESULTS A total of 191 patients underwent PD during the study period. We excluded 87 patients who had minimally invasive PD (22), vascular reconstruction (53), or both (12). Of the 104 patients studied, 56 (54%) were pre-ERAS and 48 (46%) were ERAS. There were no differences in comorbidities or demographics between these groups, and morbidity, mortality, and readmission rates were also similar (P > 0.6). Median LOS was 3.5 d shorter in the ERAS group (7 versus 10.5 d, P < 0.001). Adherence to "A-recommendations" within ERAS was associated with a decreased LOS (r = -0.52 P = 0.0001). Patients with >5 "early factors" had a median LOS of 6 d, whereas patients with <5 "early factors" had a median LOS of 9 d (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS ERAS is an effective protocol that standardizes care and reduces LOS after PD. Implementation of ERAS resulted in a 3.5-day reduction in our LOS with no change in morbidity, mortality, or readmissions. Adherence to ERAS protocol "A-recommendations" and ≥5 "early factors" may be predictive of shortened LOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Pineda-Solis
- Department of General Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.
| | - Paul R Burchard
- Department of General Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Luis I Ruffolo
- Department of General Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Luke O Schoeniger
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - David C Linehan
- Department of General Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA; Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Jacob Moalem
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Eva Galka
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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23172
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Lu KH, Wu HH, Lin RC, Lin YC, Lu PW, Yang SF, Yang JS. Curcumin Analogue L48H37 Suppresses Human Osteosarcoma U2OS and MG-63 Cells' Migration and Invasion in Culture by Inhibition of uPA via the JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2020; 26:E30. [PMID: 33374783 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma, the most prevalent malignant bone tumor in the pediatric age group, is responsible for the great majority of cancer-associated deaths owing to its highly metastatic potential. The anti-metastatic effects of the new curcumin analogue L48H37 in human osteosarcoma are still unknown; hence, we investigated whether L48H37 represses human osteosarcoma cells’ biological behavior of migratory potential and invasive activities and attempted to delve into its underlying mechanisms. L48H37 up to 5 μM inhibited, without cytotoxicity, the motility, migration, and invasion of human osteosarcoma U2OS and MG-63 cells. In U2OS cells, the human protease array revealed an obvious decrease in urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) expression after L48H37 treatment, and L48H37 actually reduced the level, protein and mRNA expression, and promoter activity of uPA dose-dependently. L48H37 decreased the phosphorylation of STAT3, JAK1, JAK2, and JAK3 in U2OS cells, but did not affect the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, p38, and Akt. Using colivelin, an activator of STAT3, the L48H37-induced decrease in uPA and migratory potential could be countered as expected. Collectively, L48H37 represses the invasion and migration capabilities of U2OS and MG-63 cells by the suppression of uPA expression and the inhibition of JAK/STAT signaling. These results suggest that L48H37 may be a potential candidate for anti-metastatic treatment of human osteosarcoma.
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23173
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Lengyel CG, Habeeb B, Khan SZ, El Bairi K, Altuna SC, Hussain S, Mazher SA, Trapani D, Petrillo A. Role of Her-2 in Gastrointestinal Tumours beyond Gastric Cancer: A Tool for Precision Medicine. GastrointestDisord 2021; 3:1-22. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord3010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) tumors account for a quarter of all the cancer burden and a third of the global cancer-related mortality. Among them, some cancers retain a dismal prognosis; therefore, newer and innovative therapies are urgently needed in priority disease areas of high-unmet medical need. In this context, HER2 could be a relevant prognostic and predictive biomarker acting as a target for specific drugs. However, if the role of HER2 has been object of investigation for several years in gastric cancer, it is not well established in other GI malignancies. The aim of this narrative review was to portray the current landscape of the potential role of HER2 as a predictive biomarker for GI tumors beyond gastric cancer. In colon cancer, the benefit from anti-HER2 therapies is less clear than in gastric neoplasms for the lack of controlled studies. Pancreatic, biliary tract adenocarcinomas and hepatocarcinoma may derive a less clear clinical benefit by using anti-HER2 agents in HER2 positive tumors. Overall, the results are promising and seem to suggest that the integration of multiple modalities of therapies can optimize the cancer care. However, further prospective trials are needed to validate the use of personalized targeted therapies in this field.
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23174
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Oyarzún JE, Andia ME, Uribe S, Núñez Pizarro P, Núñez G, Montenegro G, Bridi R. Honeybee Pollen Extracts Reduce Oxidative Stress and Steatosis in Hepatic Cells. Molecules 2020; 26:E6. [PMID: 33374984 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Additional therapies using functional foods and dietary supplements have been investigated and used in clinical practice, showing them to be beneficial. Honeybee pollen from Chile has shown a large concentration of phenolic compounds and high antioxidant activity. In this work, we characterized twenty-eight bee pollen extracts from the central zone of Chile according to botanical origin, phenolic profile, quercetin concentration, and antioxidant activity (FRAP and ORAC-FL). Our results show a statistically significant positive correlation between total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Selected samples were evaluated on the ability to reverse the steatosis in an in vitro cell model using Hepa1-6 cells. The pollen extracts protected Hepa1-6 cells against oxidative damage triggered by 2,2′-azo-bis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)derived free radicals. This effect can be credited to the ability of the phenolic compounds present in the extract to protect the liver cells from chemical-induced injury, which might be correlated to their free radical scavenging potential. Additionally, bee pollen extracts reduce lipid accumulation in a cellular model of steatosis. In summary, our results support the antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and anti-steatosis effect of bee pollen in an in vitro model.
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23175
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Jabbari N, Kenerson HL, Lausted C, Yan X, Meng C, Sullivan KM, Baloni P, Bergey D, Pillarisetty VG, Hood LE, Yeung RS, Tian Q. Modulation of Immune Checkpoints by Chemotherapy in Human Colorectal Liver Metastases. Cell Rep Med 2020; 1:100160. [PMID: 33377131 PMCID: PMC7762777 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer-related death, and incidence is rising in younger populations (younger than 50 years). Current chemotherapies can achieve response rates above 50%, but immunotherapies have limited value for patients with microsatellite-stable (MSS) cancers. The present study investigates the impact of chemotherapy on the tumor immune microenvironment. We treat human liver metastases slices with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) plus either irinotecan or oxaliplatin, then perform single-cell transcriptome analyses. Results from eight cases reveal two cellular subtypes with divergent responses to chemotherapy. Susceptible tumors are characterized by a stemness signature, an activated interferon pathway, and suppression of PD-1 ligands in response to 5-FU+irinotecan. Conversely, immune checkpoint TIM-3 ligands are maintained or upregulated by chemotherapy in CRC with an enterocyte-like signature, and combining chemotherapy with TIM-3 blockade leads to synergistic tumor killing. Our analyses highlight chemomodulation of the immune microenvironment and provide a framework for combined chemo-immunotherapies. CRLM slice culture can assess immune response to chemotherapy Single-cell analysis identifies cancer subtypes with differing response to chemotherapy 5-FU+irinotecan modulates interferon and PD-L1 pathways in stem-like CRLM Combining chemotherapy with TIM-3 blockade is synergistic in enterocyte-like CRLM
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidi L Kenerson
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Xiaowei Yan
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Kevin M Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Dani Bergey
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Raymond S Yeung
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Qiang Tian
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
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23176
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Gonvers S, Jurt J, Joliat GR, Halkic N, Melloul E, Hübner M, Demartines N, Labgaa I. Biological impact of an enhanced recovery after surgery programme in liver surgery. BJS Open 2020; 5:6043605. [PMID: 33688943 PMCID: PMC7944514 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zraa015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical and economic impacts of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programmes have been demonstrated extensively. Whether ERAS protocols also have a biological effect remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the biological impact of an ERAS programme in patients undergoing liver surgery. METHODS A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing liver surgery (2010-2018) was undertaken. Patients operated before and after ERAS implementation in 2013 were compared. Surrogate markers of surgical stress were monitored: white blood cell count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP) level, albumin concentration, and haematocrit. Their perioperative fluctuations were defined as Δvalues, calculated on postoperative day (POD) 0 for Δalbumin and Δhaematocrit and POD 2 for ΔWBC and ΔCRP. RESULTS A total of 541 patients were included, with 223 and 318 patients in non-ERAS and ERAS groups respectively. Groups were comparable, except for higher rates of laparoscopy (24.8 versus 11.2 per cent; P < 0.001) and major resection (47.5 versus 38.1 per cent; P = 0.035) in the ERAS group. Patients in the ERAS group showed attenuated ΔWBC (2.00 versus 2.75 g/l; P = 0.013), ΔCRP (60 versus 101 mg/l; P <0.001) and Δalbumin (12 versus 16 g/l; P < 0.001) compared with those in the no-ERAS group. Subgroup analysis of open resection showed similar results. Multivariable analysis identified ERAS as the only independent factor associated with high ΔWBC (odds ratio (OR) 0.65, 95 per cent c.i. 0.43 to 0.98; P = 0.038), ΔCRP (OR 0.41, 0.23 to 0.73; P = 0.003) and Δalbumin (OR 0.40, 95 per cent c.i. 0.22 to 0.72; P = 0.002). CONCLUSION Compared with conventional management, implementation of ERAS was associated with an attenuated stress response in patients undergoing liver surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gonvers
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Jurt
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G-R Joliat
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N Halkic
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E Melloul
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Hübner
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N Demartines
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - I Labgaa
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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23177
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Micó-Carnero M, Rojano-Alfonso C, Álvarez-Mercado AI, Gracia-Sancho J, Casillas-Ramírez A, Peralta C. Effects of Gut Metabolites and Microbiota in Healthy and Marginal Livers Submitted to Surgery. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E44. [PMID: 33375200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota is defined as the collection of microorganisms within the gastrointestinal ecosystem. These microbes are strongly implicated in the stimulation of immune responses. An unbalanced microbiota, termed dysbiosis, is related to the development of several liver diseases. The bidirectional relationship between the gut, its microbiota and the liver is referred to as the gut–liver axis. The translocation of bacterial products from the intestine to the liver induces inflammation in different cell types such as Kupffer cells, and a fibrotic response in hepatic stellate cells, resulting in deleterious effects on hepatocytes. Moreover, ischemia-reperfusion injury, a consequence of liver surgery, alters the microbiota profile, affecting inflammation, the immune response and even liver regeneration. Microbiota also seems to play an important role in post-operative outcomes (i.e., liver transplantation or liver resection). Nonetheless, studies to determine changes in the gut microbial populations produced during and after surgery, and affecting liver function and regeneration are scarce. In the present review we analyze and discuss the preclinical and clinical studies reported in the literature focused on the evaluation of alterations in microbiota and its products as well as their effects on post-operative outcomes in hepatic surgery.
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23178
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Pilla R, Law TH, Pan Y, Zanghi BM, Li Q, Want EJ, Lidbury JA, Steiner JM, Suchodolski JS, Volk HA. The Effects of a Ketogenic Medium-Chain Triglyceride Diet on the Feces in Dogs With Idiopathic Epilepsy. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:541547. [PMID: 33415132 PMCID: PMC7783044 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.541547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of diets containing medium chain triglycerides have been shown to confer neuroprotective and behavior modulating effects. We aimed to identify metabolic and microbiome perturbations in feces that are associated with consumption of a medium chain triglyceride ketogenic diet (MCT-KD) in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to generate microbiome profiles and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) to generate lipidomic profiles of canine feces. We made comparisons between the MCT-KD, standardized placebo diet and baseline pre-trial diet phases. Consumption of the MCT-KD resulted in a significant increase in the species richness (α-diversity) of bacterial communities found in the feces when compared to the baseline diet. However, phylogenetical diversity between samples (beta-diversity) was not affected by diet. An unnamed Bacteroidaceae species within genus 5-7N15 was identified by LEfSe as a potential biomarker associated with consumption of the MCT-KD, showing an increased abundance (p = 0.005, q = 0.230) during consumption of MCT-KD. In addition, unclassified members of families Erysipelotrichaceae (p = 0.013, q = 0.335) and Fusobacteriaceae (p = 0.022, q = 0.358) were significantly increased during MCT-KD consumption compared to baseline. Blautia sp. and Megamonas sp. instead were decreased during consumption of either placebo or MCT-KD (p = 0.045, q = 0.449, and p = 0.039, q = 0.449, respectively). Bacteroidaceae, including genus 5-7N15, have previously been associated with non-aggressive behavior in dogs. In addition, 5-7N15 is correlated in humans with Akkermansia, a genus known to be involved in the neuroprotective effect of ketogenic diets in mice models of seizures. Five metabolite features, tentatively identified as long chain triglycerides, were significantly higher after consumption of the placebo diet, but no unique features were identified after consumption of the MCT-KD. The data presented in this study highlight significant changes shown in both the fecal microbiome and lipidome as a result of consumption of the MCT-KD. Elucidating the global canine gut response to MCT consumption will improve our understanding of the potential mechanisms which confer anti-seizure and behavior modulating effects. Further studies should aim to characterize the gut microbiome of both dogs with epilepsy and healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Pilla
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Tsz Hong Law
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Yuanlong Pan
- Nestlé Purina Research, One Checkerboard Square, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Brian M Zanghi
- Nestlé Purina Research, One Checkerboard Square, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Qinghong Li
- Nestlé Purina Research, One Checkerboard Square, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Elizabeth J Want
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Disease, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan A Lidbury
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Joerg M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Holger Andreas Volk
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom.,Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hanover, Germany
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23179
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Wang Y, Liang N, Xue Z, Xue X. Identifying an Eight-Gene Signature to Optimize Overall Survival Prediction of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Using Bioinformatics Analysis of ceRNA Network. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:13041-13054. [PMID: 33376353 PMCID: PMC7764560 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s287084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) patients usually have a poor prognosis without early diagnosis. In this study, we aimed to identify a novel signature to improve the prediction of overall survival (OS) in EAC. Methods Eighty-one and 68 samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GSE19417 dataset were included for discovery and survival validation, respectively. In the TCGA cohort, a total of 1,811 DEmRNAs, 1,096 DElncRNAs, and 31 DEmiRNAs were identified between EAC and normal esophagus tissues. A mRNA–miRNA–lncRNA ceRNA network of EAC was established, which consisted of 94 DEmRNAs, 13 DEmiRNAs, and 46 DElncRNAs. Results In this study, we identified eight genes (UBE2B, LAMP2, B3GNT2, TAF9B, EFNA1, PHF8, PIGA, and NEURL1) which were related to survival in EAC. The independent external microarray data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was used to validate these candidate genes. The prognostic ability of the signature was also validated in EAC patients in our hospital. Patients assigned to the high-risk group had a poor overall survival rate compared with the low-risk. Conclusion The current study provides novel insights into the mRNA-related ceRNA network in EAC and the eight mRNA biomarkers may be independent prognostic signatures in predicting the survival of EAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Naixin Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinying Xue
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Respiratory Disease, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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23180
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Hammarström K, Imam I, Mezheyeuski A, Ekström J, Sjöblom T, Glimelius B. A Comprehensive Evaluation of Associations Between Routinely Collected Staging Information and The Response to (Chemo)Radiotherapy in Rectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:E16. [PMID: 33375133 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Rectal cancer patients are often treated with radiotherapy, either alone or combined with chemotherapy, prior to surgery to enable radical surgery on a non-resectable tumor or to lower the recurrence risk. For some patients, the tumor disappears completely after preoperative treatment, while others experience little or no benefit. Accurate prediction of therapy response before treatment is of great importance for a personalized treatment approach and intentional organ preservation. We performed a comprehensive evaluation of the predictive capacity of all routinely collected staging information at diagnosis in a population-based, completely staged patient material of 383 patients representing a real-life clinical situation. Size or stage of the rectal tumor were independent predictors of excellent response irrespective of preoperative treatment, with small/early-stage tumors being significantly more likely to reach a complete response. Levels of the tumor marker carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) above upper normal limit halved the chance of response. Abstract Radiotherapy (RT) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) are frequently used in rectal cancer, sometimes resulting in complete tumor remission (CR). The predictive capacity of all clinical factors, laboratory values and magnetic resonance imaging parameters performed in routine staging was evaluated to understand what determines an excellent response to RT/CRT. A population-based cohort of 383 patients treated with short-course RT (5 × 5 Gy in one week, scRT), CRT, or scRT with chemotherapy (scRT+CT) and having either had a delay to surgery or been entered into a watch-and-wait program were included. Complete staging according to guidelines was performed and associations between investigated variables and CR rates were analyzed in univariate and multivariate analyses. In total, 17% achieved pathological or clinical CR, more often after scRT+CT and CRT than after scRT (27%, 18% and 8%, respectively, p < 0.001). Factors independently associated with CR included clinical tumor stage, small tumor size (<3 cm), tumor level, and low CEA-value (<3.8 μg/L). Size or stage of the rectal tumor were associated with excellent response in all therapy groups, with small or early stage tumors being significantly more likely to reach CR (p = 0.01 (scRT), p = 0.01 (CRT) and p = 0.02 (scRT+CT). Elevated level of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) halved the chance of response. Extramural vascular invasion (EMVI) and mucinous character may indicate less response to RT alone.
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23181
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Lee K, Kim N, Shim JO, Kim GH. Gut Bacterial Dysbiosis in Children with Intractable Epilepsy. J Clin Med 2020; 10:E5. [PMID: 33375063 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A few published clinical studies have evaluated the association between gut microbiota in intractable epilepsy, but with inconsistent results. We hypothesized that the factors associated with the gut bacterial composition, such as age and geography, contributed to the discrepancies. Therefore, we used a cohort that was designed to minimize the effects of possible confounding factors and compared the gut microbiota between children with intractable epilepsy and healthy controls. Eight children with intractable epilepsy aged 1 to 7 years and 32 age-matched healthy participants were included. We collected stool samples and questionnaires on their diet and bowel habits at two time points and analyzed the gut microbiota compositions. In the epilepsy group, the amount of Bacteroidetes was lower (Mann-Whitney test, false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.01) and the amount of Actinobacteria was higher (FDR < 0.01) than in the healthy group. The epilepsy subjects were 1.6- to 1.7-fold lower in microbiota richness indices (FDR < 0.01) and harbored a distinct species composition (p < 0.01) compared to the healthy controls. Species biomarkers for intractable epilepsy included the Enterococcus faecium group, Bifidobacterium longum group, and Eggerthella lenta, while the strongest functional biomarker was the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter. Our study identified gut bacterial dysbiosis associated with intractable epilepsy within the cohort that was controlled for the factors that could affect the gut microbiota.
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23182
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Michalak A, Cichoż-Lach H, Guz M, Kozicka J, Cybulski M, Jeleniewicz W, Stepulak A. Towards an evaluation of alcoholic liver cirrhosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients with hematological scales. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:7538-7549. [PMID: 33384553 PMCID: PMC7754555 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i47.7538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seeking potentially novel blood markers of liver fibrosis and steatosis is constantly of crucial importance. Despite a growing number of studies in this field of hepatology, a certain role of hematological indices in the course of liver disorders has not been fully elucidated, yet.
AIM To evaluate a diagnostic accuracy of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and mean platelet volume-to-platelet-ratio (MPR) in the course of alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
METHODS One hundred forty-two patients with ALC, 92 with NAFLD and 68 persons in control group were enrolled in the study. Hematological indices (NLR, PLR and MPR), indirect and direct markers of liver fibrosis (aspartate transaminase to alkaline transaminase ratio, aspartate transaminase to platelet ratio index, fibrosis-4, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase to platelet ratio, procollagen I carboxyterminal propeptide, procollagen III aminoterminal propeptide, transforming growth factor-α, platelet-derived growth factor AB, laminin) were measured in each person. Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score in ALC group and NAFLD fibrosis score together with BARD score were calculated in NAFLD patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC) values were applied to assess the sensitivity and specificity of examined markers and to evaluate proposed cut-offs of measured indices in the course of ALC and NAFLD.
RESULTS MPR and NLR values in ALC patients were significantly higher in comparison to control group; PLR level was significantly lower. MPR and PLR correlated with assessed indirect and direct markers of liver fibrosis. MPR, NLR and PLR correlated with MELD score. NLR level in NAFLD patients was significantly higher in comparison to controls. MPR correlated with indirect markers of liver fibrosis and NAFLD fibrosis score. AUC values and proposed cut-offs for NLR, PLR and MPR in ALC patients were: 0.821 (> 2.227), 0.675 (< 70.445) and 0.929 (> 0.048), respectively. AUC values and proposed cut-offs for NLR, PLR and MPR in NAFLD group were: 0.725 (> 2.034), 0.528 (> 97.101) and 0.547 (> 0.038), respectively.
CONCLUSION Hematological markers are inseparably connected with serological indices of liver fibrosis in ALC and NAFLD patients. MPR and NLR turned out to be the most powerful parameters in ALC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Michalak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-954, Jaczewskiego 8, Poland
| | - Halina Cichoż-Lach
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-954, Jaczewskiego 8, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Guz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-093, Chodźki 3, Poland
| | - Joanna Kozicka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-954, Jaczewskiego 8, Poland
| | - Marek Cybulski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Univeristy of Lublin, Lublin 20-093, Chodźki 3, Poland
| | - Witold Jeleniewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Univeristy of Lublin, Lublin 20-093, Chodźki 3, Poland
| | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Univeristy of Lublin, Lublin 20-093, Chodźki 3, Poland
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23183
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Bianchi S, Martínez Allo VC, Massimino M, Lavignolle Heguy MDR, Borzone FR, Gomez Bustillo S, Chasseing NA, Libertun C, Montaner AD, Rabinovich GA, Toscano MA, Lux-Lantos VA, Bianchi MS. Oligonucleotide IMT504 Improves Glucose Metabolism and Controls Immune Cell Mediators in Female Diabetic NOD Mice. Nucleic Acid Ther 2020; 31:155-171. [PMID: 33347786 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2020.0901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes occurs as a consequence of progressive autoimmune destruction of beta cells. A potential treatment for this disease should address the immune attack on beta cells and their preservation/regeneration. The objective of this study was to elucidate whether the immunomodulatory synthetic oligonucleotide IMT504 was able to ameliorate diabetes in NOD mice and to provide further understanding of its mechanism of action. We found that IMT504 restores glucose homeostasis in a diabetes mouse model similar to human type 1 diabetes, by regulating expression of immune modulatory factors and improving beta cell function. IMT504 treatment markedly improved fasting glycemia, insulinemia, and homeostatic model assessment of beta cell function (HOMA-Beta cell) index. Moreover, this treatment increased islet number and decreased apoptosis, insulitis, and CD45+ pancreas-infiltrating leukocytes. In a long-term treatment, we observed improvement of glucose metabolism up to 9 days after IMT504 cessation and increased survival after 15 days of the last IMT504 injection. We postulate that interleukin (IL)-12B (p40), possibly acting as a homodimer, and Galectin-3 (Gal-3) may function as mediators of this immunomodulatory action. Overall, these results validate the therapeutic activity of IMT504 as a promising drug for type 1 diabetes and suggest possible downstream mediators of its immunomodulatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Bianchi
- Laboratoio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica C Martínez Allo
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Milena Massimino
- Laboratoio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Del R Lavignolle Heguy
- Laboratoio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco R Borzone
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofía Gomez Bustillo
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología César Milstein-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Fundación Pablo Cassará, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Norma A Chasseing
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Libertun
- Laboratoio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro D Montaner
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología César Milstein-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Fundación Pablo Cassará, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departmento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta A Toscano
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victoria A Lux-Lantos
- Laboratoio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María S Bianchi
- Laboratoio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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23184
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Zou J, Wang SP, Wang YT, Wan JB. Regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome with natural products against chemical-induced liver injury. Pharmacol Res 2020; 164:105388. [PMID: 33359314 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The past decades have witnessed significant progress in understanding the process of sterile inflammation, which is dependent on a cytosolic complex termed the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome requires two steps, including the activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) by its ligands, resulting in transcriptional procytokine and inflammasome component activation, and the assembly and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome triggered by various danger signals, leading to caspase-1 activation, which could subsequently cleave procytokines into their active forms. Metabolic disorders, ischemia and reperfusion, viral infection and chemical insults are common pathogenic factors of liver-related diseases that usually cause tissue damage and cell death, providing numerous danger signals for the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Currently, natural products have attracted much attention as potential agents for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases due to their multitargets and nontoxic natures. A great number of natural products have been shown to exhibit beneficial effects on liver injury induced by various chemicals through regulating NLRP3 inflammasome pathways. In this review, the roles of the NLRP3 inflammasome in chemical-induced liver injury (CILI) and natural products that exhibit beneficial effects in CILI through the regulation of inflammasomes were systematically summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Sheng-Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yi-Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China.
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23185
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Sun X, Chen P, Chen X, Yang W, Chen X, Zhou W, Huang D, Cheng Y. KIF4A enhanced cell proliferation and migration via Hippo signaling and predicted a poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Thorac Cancer 2020; 12:512-524. [PMID: 33350074 PMCID: PMC7882383 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, we aimed to explore and clarify the function of KIF4A in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods The microarray data were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We then used the database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) to perform the gene ontology function (GO) and KEGG Orthology‐Based Annotation System (KOBAS) to perform Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The six core candidate genes were identified using protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and Cytoscape software. Among them, the expression of KIF4A were validated by UALCAN database from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) (P < 0.05). Western blotting, qRT‐PCR and IHC were used to detect the expression of KIF4A in tissues. Cell experiments (transwell migration assays, wound healing assay, CCK8 assay, and clone formation experiment) were utilized to verify the roles of KIF4A on the ESCC cells. Western blotting was used to explore the mechanism of KIF4A in ESCC. Results The expression level of KIF4A was upregulated in ESCC samples compared to those in paracancerous tissues. Transwell migration and wound healing assay showed overexpression of KIF4A significantly promoted the migration of ESCC cells. CCK8 assay and clone formation experiment analysis showed that overexpression of KIF4A promoted proliferation of ESCC cells. Western blot detection found that KIF4A could affect the phosphorylation level of Hippo signaling pathway related proteins. Conclusions In summary, KIF4A promotes ESCC cell proliferation and migration by regulating the biological function of ESCC cells through the Hippo signaling pathway. Key points Significant findings of the study We found that high KIF4A expression was associated with poor overall survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. KIF4A expression also promoted the proliferation and migration of ESCC cells in vitro. What this study adds Our experimental results explain the role of KIF4A in ESCC, and provide a new biomolecular target for the treatment of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozheng Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Pengxiang Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Di Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yufeng Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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23186
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Lionetto L, Guglielmetti M, Cipolla F, Bernardini S, Koehler BE, Capi M, De Bernardini D, Curto M, Manetti R, Nicoletti F, Simmaco M, Martelletti P. Polyamines serum levels in episodic and chronic migraine. Expert Rev Neurother 2020; 21:249-254. [PMID: 33295216 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2021.1862650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background: Previous studies focused on food as the trigger of a migraine attack did not consider polyamines as possible activators and sensitizers of the trigeminal-vascular system through their interaction with NMDA glutamate receptors. Therefore, this study aimed to assess serum levels of nine polyamines and to evaluate their role as possible triggers and crisis maintainers in episodic and chronic migraine patients. Materials and methods: The study included 50 patients with episodic migraine (EM), 50 patients with chronic migraine (CM) and 50 healthy controls (HC). Serum levels of nine polyamines have been determined by Liquid Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry. Specifically, agmatine, spermidine, spermine, putrescine, cadaverine, arginine, ornithine, citrulline and lysine levels were studied. Results: Agmatine serum levels resulted reduced in EC patients with respect to CM and HC. Compared to HC subjects, serum levels of spermine and spermidine were statistically significantly increased both in CM and EM patients. Conclusions: The authors suggest that alterations of polyamines levels might contribute to the understanding of migraine external activation and help to clarify the potential role of NMDA receptor polyamines site antagonists in migraine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Lionetto
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Section, Sant'Andrea University Hospital , Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Guglielmetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari , Sassari, Italy
| | - Fabiola Cipolla
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Section, Sant'Andrea University Hospital , Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Bernardini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | | | - Matilde Capi
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Section, Sant'Andrea University Hospital , Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella De Bernardini
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Section, Sant'Andrea University Hospital , Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Curto
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University , Rome, Italy.,Bipolar & Psychotic Disorders Program, McLean Hospital , Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Roberto Manetti
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari , Sassari, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University , Rome, Italy.,I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed , Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Maurizio Simmaco
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Section, Sant'Andrea University Hospital , Rome, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University, Advanced Molecular Diagnostic Unit (Dima), Sant'Andrea Hospital-Sapienza University , Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Martelletti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
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23187
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Lee HA, Rim CH. Efficacy of Local Treatments for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Involving the Inferior Vena Cava and/or Right Atrium. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2020; 7:435-446. [PMID: 33376712 PMCID: PMC7762452 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s285357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Major vessel invasion is frequently observed in locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The most commonly involved major vessel is the portal vein; however, approximately 4% of patients with HCC have inferior vena cava (IVC) and/or right atrium (RA) invasion. Although these conditions have dismal prognoses, local treatments have not been regularly administered because they may affect systemic circulation. Owing to recent technological advances, various local treatments including surgery and external radiotherapy have increasingly been performed in these patients. Since irradiating tumorous lesions in the liver while preserving normal tissues is possible and major vessels are relatively resistant to radiation, external radiotherapy has been a feasible palliative modality for treating vessel-invasive HCC. In addition, systemic fatal complications that were initially a cause of concern have become rare after radiotherapy. While invasive procedures such as extracorporeal circulation or hepatic vascular exclusion may be required, pioneering surgeons have performed surgical resections in selected patients and have obtained promising results. Surgery has shown the best survival outcomes compared to other treatment options including radiotherapy, but the possibility of perioperative morbidity should be considered. In addition, a combination of local treatment and novel systemic agents, which demonstrated better survival and response rates than sorafenib, is expected to maximize therapeutic effects. In this review, we have discussed the most recent treatments for HCC with IVC and/or RA involvement and have provided information intended to guide therapeutic decisions and facilitate future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Ah Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University Medical College, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chai Hong Rim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University Medical College, Ansan, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea
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23188
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Turpin A, el Amrani M, Bachet JB, Pietrasz D, Schwarz L, Hammel P. Adjuvant Pancreatic Cancer Management: Towards New Perspectives in 2021. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3866. [PMID: 33371464 PMCID: PMC7767489 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adjuvant chemotherapy is currently used in all patients with resected pancreatic cancer who are able to begin treatment within 3 months after surgery. Since the recent publication of the PRODIGE 24 trial results, modified FOLFIRINOX has become the standard-of-care in the non-Asian population with localized pancreatic adenocarcinoma following surgery. Nevertheless, there is still a risk of toxicity, and feasibility may be limited in heavily pre-treated patients. In more frail patients, gemcitabine-based chemotherapy remains a suitable option, for example gemcitabine or 5FU in monotherapy. In Asia, although S1-based chemotherapy is the standard of care it is not readily available outside Asia and data are lacking in non-Asiatic patients. In patients in whom resection is not initially possible, intensified schemes such as FOLFIRINOX or gemcitabine-nabpaclitaxel have been confirmed as options to enhance the response rate and resectability, promoting research in adjuvant therapy. In particular, should oncologists prescribe adjuvant treatment after a long sequence of chemotherapy +/- chemoradiotherapy and surgery? Should oncologists consider the response rate, the R0 resection rate alone, or the initial chemotherapy regimen? And finally, should they take into consideration the duration of the entire sequence, or the presence of limited toxicities of induction treatment? The aim of this review is to summarize adjuvant management of resected pancreatic cancer and to raise current and future concerns, especially the need for biomarkers and the best holistic care for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Turpin
- UMR9020-UMR-S 1277 Canther-Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France;
- Medical Oncology Department, CHU Lille, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Mehdi el Amrani
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, Lille University Hospital, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Jean-Baptiste Bachet
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology and GI Oncology, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, INSERM UMRS 1138, Université de Paris, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Daniel Pietrasz
- Department of Digestive, Oncological, and Transplant Surgery, Paul Brousse Hospital, Paris-Saclay University, F-94800 Villejuif, France;
| | - Lilian Schwarz
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Rouen University Hospital and Université de Rouen Normandie, F-76100 Rouen, France;
| | - Pascal Hammel
- Service d’Oncologie Digestive et Médicale, Hôpital Paul Brousse (AP-HP), 12 Avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, F-94800 Villejuif, France
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23189
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Giani A, Cipriani F, Famularo S, Donadon M, Bernasconi DP, Ardito F, Fazio F, Nicolini D, Perri P, Giuffrida M, Pontarolo N, Zanello M, Lai Q, Conci S, Molfino S, Germani P, Pinotti E, Romano M, La Barba G, Ferrari C, Patauner S, Manzoni A, Sciannamea I, Fumagalli L, Troci A, Ferraro V, Floridi A, Memeo R, Crespi M, Chiarelli M, Antonucci A, Zimmitti G, Frena A, Percivale A, Ercolani G, Zanus G, Zago M, Tarchi P, Baiocchi GL, Ruzzenente A, Rossi M, Jovine E, Maestri M, Dalla Valle R, Grazi G, Vivarelli M, Ferrero A, Giuliante F, Torzilli G, Aldrighetti L, Gianotti L, Romano F, Ciulli C, Braga M, Ratti F, Costa G, Razionale F, Russolillo N, Marinelli L, De Peppo V, Cremaschi E, Calabrese F, Larghi Laureiro Z, Lazzari G, Cosola D, Montuori M, Salvador L, Cucchetti A, Franceschi A, Ciola M, Sega V, Calcagno P, Pennacchi L, Tedeschi M. Performance of Comprehensive Complication Index and Clavien-Dindo Complication Scoring System in Liver Surgery for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel). 2020;12. [PMID: 33371419 PMCID: PMC7767420 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The comprehensive complication index (CCI) and the Clavien-Dindo Complication (CDC) scoring system are two metrics designed to quantify the burden of postoperative morbidity. We performed a retrospective study retrieving data from a multi-institutional Italian register. The aim was to compare the performance of the two metrics in predicting excessive length of hospital stay (e-LOS) of patients who underwent liver resections for hepatocellular carcinoma. A total of 2669 patients were analyzed. A derivation (n = 1345) and validation sets (n = 1324) were created to test the strength of results. In both cohorts, the analysis showed that CCI was slightly superior in predicting e-LOS in complicated patients. The accuracy of CCI was even better when considering a subgroup of patients who experienced at least two complications. The results of this population-specific analysis suggest that CCI is preferable in weighting postoperative morbidity burden. Abstract Background: We aimed to assess the ability of comprehensive complication index (CCI) and Clavien-Dindo complication (CDC) scale to predict excessive length of hospital stay (e-LOS) in patients undergoing liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: Patients were identified from an Italian multi-institutional database and randomly selected to be included in either a derivation or validation set. Multivariate logistic regression models and ROC curve analysis including either CCI or CDC as predictors of e-LOS were fitted to compare predictive performance. E-LOS was defined as a LOS longer than the 75th percentile among patients with at least one complication. Results: A total of 2669 patients were analyzed (1345 for derivation and 1324 for validation). The odds ratio (OR) was 5.590 (95%CI 4.201; 7.438) for CCI and 5.507 (4.152; 7.304) for CDC. The AUC was 0.964 for CCI and 0.893 for CDC in the derivation set and 0.962 vs. 0.890 in the validation set, respectively. In patients with at least two complications, the OR was 2.793 (1.896; 4.115) for CCI and 2.439 (1.666; 3.570) for CDC with an AUC of 0.850 and 0.673, respectively in the derivation cohort. The AUC was 0.806 for CCI and 0.658 for CDC in the validation set. Conclusions: When reporting postoperative morbidity in liver surgery, CCI is a preferable scale.
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23190
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Wang S, Shen L, Luo H. Identification and Validation of Key miRNAs and a microRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network Associated with Ulcerative Colitis. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 40:147-156. [PMID: 33347387 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.6151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, nonspecific, intestinal inflammatory disease that involves various genes and pathways in its pathogenesis. The current study revealed the key miRNAs and potential target gene regulatory network as a model for predicting the molecular mechanism of UC. This may provide novel insights for unraveling the pathogenesis of UC. Differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMIs) and mRNAs (differentially expressed genes [DEGs]) between UC patients and normal controls were screened using the Gene Expression Omnibus database. DEMI target genes were predicted using the miRDB, miRWalk, starBase, TarBase, and TargetScan databases, and an miRNA-mRNA network was established using DEGs that altered in opposition to DEMIs. We verified the expression of key DEMIs in a rodent UC model. The miRNA-mRNA network contained 31 DEMIs and 199 DEGs, which showed enrichment in inflammatory bowel disease. We selected 2 key miRNAs and 4 hub genes. In addition, we identified six DEMIs and genes from the preliminary validation analysis in model tissues. In the pathophysiological process of UC, various genes and proteins display expression differences and complex interactions with each other. These findings provide new insights into the potential key mechanisms associated with UC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hesheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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23191
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Killock D. Sequential CRT prior to surgery for rectal cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2021; 18:64. [PMID: 33349688 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-020-00467-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23192
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Al-Dhamin Z, Liu LD, Li DD, Zhang SY, Dong SM, Nan YM. Therapeutic efficiency of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for liver fibrosis: A systematic review of in vivo studies. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:7444-7469. [PMID: 33384547 PMCID: PMC7754546 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i47.7444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although multiple drugs are accessible for recovering liver function in patients, none are considered efficient. Liver transplantation is the mainstay therapy for end-stage liver fibrosis. However, the worldwide shortage of healthy liver donors, organ rejection, complex surgery, and high costs are prompting researchers to develop novel approaches to deal with the overwhelming liver fibrosis cases. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is an emerging alternative method for treating patients with liver fibrosis. However, many aspects of this therapy remain unclear, such as the efficiency compared to conventional treatment, the ideal MSC sources, and the most effective way to use it. Because bone marrow (BM) is the largest source for MSCs, this paper used a systematic review approach to study the therapeutic efficiency of MSCs against liver fibrosis and related factors. We systematically searched multiple published articles to identify studies involving liver fibrosis and BM-MSC-based therapy. Analyzing the selected studies showed that compared with conventional treatment BM-MSC therapy may be more efficient for liver fibrosis in some cases. In contrast, the cotreatment presented a more efficient way. Nevertheless, BM-MSCs are lacking as a therapy for liver fibrosis; thus, this paper also reviews factors that affect BM-MSC efficiency, such as the implementation routes and strategies employed to enhance the potential in alleviating liver fibrosis. Ultimately, our review summarizes the recent advances in the BM-MSC therapy for liver fibrosis. It is grounded in recent developments underlying the efficiency of BM-MSCs as therapy, focusing on the preclinical in vivo experiments, and comparing to other treatments or sources and the strategies used to enhance its potential while mentioning the research gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Al-Dhamin
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Mechanism of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Disease, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ling-Di Liu
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Mechanism of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Disease, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Dong-Dong Li
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Mechanism of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Disease, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Si-Yu Zhang
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Mechanism of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Disease, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shi-Ming Dong
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Mechanism of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Disease, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yue-Min Nan
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Mechanism of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Disease, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
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23193
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Navin I, Lam MT, Parihar R. Design and Implementation of NK Cell-Based Immunotherapy to Overcome the Solid Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3871. [PMID: 33371456 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune effectors capable of broad cytotoxicity via germline-encoded receptors and can have conferred cytotoxic potential via the addition of chimeric antigen receptors. Combined with their reduced risk of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and cytokine release syndrome (CRS), NK cells are an attractive therapeutic platform. While significant progress has been made in treating hematological malignancies, challenges remain in using NK cell-based therapy to combat solid tumors due to their immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments (TMEs). The development of novel strategies enabling NK cells to resist the deleterious effects of the TME is critical to their therapeutic success against solid tumors. In this review, we discuss strategies that apply various genetic and non-genetic engineering approaches to enhance receptor-mediated NK cell cytotoxicity, improve NK cell resistance to TME effects, and enhance persistence in the TME. The successful design and application of these strategies will ultimately lead to more efficacious NK cell therapies to treat patients with solid tumors. This review outlines the mechanisms by which TME components suppress the anti-tumor activity of endogenous and adoptively transferred NK cells while also describing various approaches whose implementation in NK cells may lead to a more robust therapeutic platform against solid tumors.
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23194
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Degefa G, Wubshet K, Tesfaye S, Hirigo AT. Predictors of Adherence Toward Specific Domains of Diabetic Self-Care Among Type-2 Diabetes Patients. Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes 2020; 13:1179551420981909. [PMID: 33424232 PMCID: PMC7755941 DOI: 10.1177/1179551420981909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adequate knowledge, awareness, and adherence to diabetic self-care practices are vital tools to protect patients from risks of disease complications, developing comorbidity and mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to assess specific domains of diabetic self-care practice and associated factors among patients with type-2diabetes in Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Sidama regional state. MATERIALS AND METHODS A hospital-based cross-sectional study design was conducted on 217 patients with type 2 diabetes from January 01 to April 30, 2020. A structured questionnaire and the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) tool were used to collect relevant data through interviewer administration. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 23. RESULTS A total of 207 patients with type-2 diabetes were participated in the study with a 95% response rate. Overall 47.8% (95%CI: 41.2-55) of patients adhered to diabetic self-care practice. Concerning the specific domain of self-care practice, 54.6%, 39.1%, 28%, and 65.2% of patients adhered to a healthy diet, physical exercise, self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG), and diabetic foot care practices, respectively. Besides, all patients received at least 80% of the prescribed doses and frequency of anti-diabetic agents and 60.4% had good glycemic control. Receipt of advice from treating physicians and having no familial history of diabetes were significantly associated with adherence toward eating a healthy diet, diabetic foot care, and SMBG. While male sex was associated with adherence toward healthy diet management. Moreover, having glucometer, age, male sex, diabetes duration ⩾ 5 years, and anti-diabetic treatment modality were associated with adherence toward SMBG. CONCLUSION This study indicates 52.2%, 72%, and 60.1% of diabetes patients did not adhere to diabetic self-care, SMBG, and physical exercise, respectively. Improving awareness and regular diabetic education is imperative to scale up patients' adherence toward diabetic self-care practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girma Degefa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hawassa University, College of Medicine and Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Sidama Regional State, Southern-Ethiopia
| | - Kindie Wubshet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hawassa University, College of Medicine and Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Sidama Regional State, Southern-Ethiopia
| | - Sisay Tesfaye
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hawassa University, College of Medicine and Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Sidama Regional State, Southern-Ethiopia
| | - Agete Tadewos Hirigo
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Hawassa University, College of Medicine and Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Sidama Regional State, Southern-Ethiopia
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23195
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Gromolak S, Krawczenko A, Antończyk A, Buczak K, Kiełbowicz Z, Klimczak A. Biological Characteristics and Osteogenic Differentiation of Ovine Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Stimulated with FGF-2 and BMP-2. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9726. [PMID: 33419255 PMCID: PMC7766718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapies using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising tool in bone tissue engineering. Bone regeneration with MSCs involves a series of molecular processes leading to the activation of the osteoinductive cascade supported by bioactive factors, including fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). In this study, we examined the biological characteristics and osteogenic differentiation potential of sheep bone marrow MSCs (BM-MSCs) treated with 20 ng/mL of FGF-2 and 100 ng/mL BMP-2 in vitro. The biological properties of osteogenic-induced BM-MSCs were investigated by assessing their morphology, proliferation, phenotype, and cytokine secretory profile. The osteogenic differentiation was characterized by Alizarin Red S staining, immunofluorescent staining of osteocalcin and collagen type I, and expression levels of genetic markers of osteogenesis. The results demonstrated that BM-MSCs treated with FGF-2 and BMP-2 maintained their primary MSC properties and improved their osteogenic differentiation capacity, as confirmed by increased expression of osteocalcin and collagen type I and upregulation of osteogenic-related gene markers BMP-2, Runx2, osterix, collagen type I, osteocalcin, and osteopontin. Furthermore, sheep BM-MSCs produced a variety of bioactive factors involved in osteogenesis, and supplementation of the culture medium with FGF-2 and BMP-2 affected the secretome profile of the cells. The results suggest that sheep osteogenic-induced BM-MSCs may be used as a cellular therapy to study bone repair in the preclinical large animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gromolak
- Laboratory of Biology of Stem and Neoplastic Cells, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (S.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Krawczenko
- Laboratory of Biology of Stem and Neoplastic Cells, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (S.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Antończyk
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 51, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.A.); (K.B.); (Z.K.)
| | - Krzysztof Buczak
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 51, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.A.); (K.B.); (Z.K.)
| | - Zdzisław Kiełbowicz
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 51, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.A.); (K.B.); (Z.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Klimczak
- Laboratory of Biology of Stem and Neoplastic Cells, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (S.G.); (A.K.)
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23196
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Potapova E, Bauersachs D, Villella V, Meneguzzi G, Scala E, Sfika I, Tripodi S, Panetta V, Dramburg S, Skevaki C, Matricardi PM. Validation study of a new chemiluminescent singleplex IgE assay in a set of Italian allergic rhinitis patients. Clin Exp Allergy 2020; 51:604-613. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.13785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Potapova
- Division of Pneumonology, Immunology and Intensive Medicine Department of Pediatrics Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Germany
| | - Daniel Bauersachs
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC) German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Philipps University Marburg Marburg Germany
| | | | - Giorgia Meneguzzi
- Allergy Unit Istituto dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI)‐IRCCS Roma Italy
| | - Enrico Scala
- Allergy Unit Istituto dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI)‐IRCCS Roma Italy
| | - Ifigenia Sfika
- Pediatric Allergy Unit Sandro Pertini Hospital Rome Italy
| | | | | | - Stephanie Dramburg
- Division of Pneumonology, Immunology and Intensive Medicine Department of Pediatrics Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Germany
| | - Chrysanthi Skevaki
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC) German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Philipps University Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Paolo Maria Matricardi
- Division of Pneumonology, Immunology and Intensive Medicine Department of Pediatrics Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Germany
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23197
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Letourneau P, Bataille S, Chauveau P, Fouque D, Koppe L. Source and Composition in Amino Acid of Dietary Proteins in the Primary Prevention and Treatment of CKD. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3892. [PMID: 33352729 PMCID: PMC7766732 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is a cornerstone in the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD). To limit urea generation and accumulation, a global reduction in protein intake is routinely proposed. However, recent evidence has accumulated on the benefits of plant-based diets and plant-derived proteins without a clear understanding of underlying mechanisms. Particularly the roles of some amino acids (AAs) appear to be either deleterious or beneficial on the progression of CKD and its complications. This review outlines recent data on the role of a low protein intake, the plant nature of proteins, and some specific AAs actions on kidney function and metabolic disorders. We will focus on renal hemodynamics, intestinal microbiota, and the production of uremic toxins. Overall, these mechanistic effects are still poorly understood but deserve special attention to understand why low-protein diets provide clinical benefits and to find potential new therapeutic targets in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Letourneau
- Departement of Nephrology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon Sud Hospital, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France; (P.L.); (D.F.)
| | - Stanislas Bataille
- Phocean Nephrology Institute, Clinique Bouchard, ELSAN, 13000 Marseille, France;
- INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Aix Marseille University, 13000 Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Chauveau
- Association Pour l’Utilisation Du Rein Artificiel A Domicile, 33110 Gradignan, France;
| | - Denis Fouque
- Departement of Nephrology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon Sud Hospital, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France; (P.L.); (D.F.)
- University Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSA-Lyon, INSERM U1060, INRA, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laetitia Koppe
- Departement of Nephrology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon Sud Hospital, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France; (P.L.); (D.F.)
- University Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSA-Lyon, INSERM U1060, INRA, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
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23198
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Wang B, Zhang Y. An immune-relevant signature of nine genes as a prognostic biomarker in patients with gastric carcinoma. Open Med (Wars) 2020; 15:850-859. [PMID: 33336043 PMCID: PMC7718618 DOI: 10.1515/med-2020-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, the morbidity and mortality of gastric carcinoma (GC) are gradually increasing. The aim of this study was to construct a signature according to immune-relevant genes to predict the survival outcome of GC patients using The Cancer Genome Altas (TCGA). Methods Univariate Cox regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between immune-relevant genes regarding the prognosis of patients with GC. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model was used to select prognostic immune-relevant genes and to establish the signature for the prognostic evaluation of patients with GC. Multivariate Cox regression analysis and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis were used to assess the independent prognostic ability of the immune-relevant gene signature. Results A total of 113 prognostic immune-relevant genes were identified using univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. A signature of nine immune-relevant genes was constructed using the LASSO Cox regression. The GC samples were assigned to two groups (low- and high risk) according to the optimal cutoff value of the signature score. Compared with the patients in the high-risk group, patients in the low-risk group had a significantly better prognosis in the TCGA and GSE84437 cohorts (log-rank test P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that the signature of nine immune-relevant genes might serve as an independent predictor of GC. Conclusions Our results showed that the signature of nine immune-relevant genes may potentially serve as a prognostic prediction for patients with GC, which may contribute to the decision-making of personalized treatment for the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No.467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No.467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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23199
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Abstract
Liver stiffness is related to the degree of hepatic fibrosis which ultimately causes portal hypertension and gastroesophageal varices. Variceal bleeding is a worrisome and potentially fatal complication of cirrhosis, primary prophylaxis has demonstrated a reduction in decompensation and mortality. Portal hypertension and esophageal varices needing treatment could be predicted through noninvasive methods, including elastography, that evaluates the mechanical properties of liver or spleen tissue in concordance to the propagation of mechanical waves. The accurate prediction of the risk of gastroesophageal varices could spare unnecessary endoscopies in patients with low probability of finding varices needing treatment. In the current review, we discuss the elastography modalities available and the current evidence for its implementation in daily clinical practice.
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23200
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Abstract
Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) is a rare condition characterized by multiple air-filled cystic lesions in the submucosa or subserosa of the intestine. Despite a limited understanding of its pathogenesis, the causes of PI can be categorized into life-threatening or benign, which helps guide patient management. For benign etiologies, interventions should be minimized and endoscopic maneuvers should be avoided as most of these cases can be managed conservatively. We present a patient with asymptomatic, benign PI who subsequently developed symptoms following cyst biopsy during a screening colonoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Micheal Tadros
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, USA
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