201
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Lorenz N, Gupta I, Palberg T. Microstructural diversity, nucleation paths, and phase behavior in binary mixtures of charged colloidal spheres. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:114902. [PMID: 36948792 DOI: 10.1063/5.0140949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We study low-salt, binary aqueous suspensions of charged colloidal spheres of size ratio Γ = 0.57, number densities below the eutectic number density nE, and number fractions of p = 1.00-0.40. The typical phase obtained by solidification from a homogeneous shear-melt is a substitutional alloy with a body centered cubic structure. In strictly gas-tight vials, the polycrystalline solid is stable against melting and further phase transformation for extended times. For comparison, we also prepare the same samples by slow, mechanically undisturbed deionization in commercial slit cells. These cells feature a complex but well reproducible sequence of global and local gradients in salt concentration, number density, and composition as induced by successive deionization, phoretic transport, and differential settling of the components, respectively. Moreover, they provide an extended bottom surface suitable for heterogeneous nucleation of the β-phase. We give a detailed qualitative characterization of the crystallization processes using imaging and optical microscopy. By contrast to the bulk samples, the initial alloy formation is not volume-filling, and we now observe also α- and β-phases with low solubility of the odd component. In addition to the initial homogeneous nucleation route, the interplay of gradients opens various further crystallization and transformation pathways leading to a great diversity of microstructures. Upon a subsequent increase in salt concentration, the crystals melt again. Wall-based, pebble-shaped β-phase crystals and facetted α-crystals melt last. Our observations suggest that the substitutional alloys formed in bulk experiments by homogeneous nucleation and subsequent growth are mechanically stable in the absence of solid-fluid interfaces but thermodynamically metastable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Lorenz
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ishan Gupta
- Graz University of Technology, Institute of Applied Mechanics, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Palberg
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55122 Mainz, Germany
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202
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Gan S, Dong J, Li X, Wang J, Chen L, Wang Y, Feng S, Li H, Zhou G. Smart "Thrombus": Self-Localizing UCST-Type Microcage. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:320-324. [PMID: 36802516 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Embolization is often used to block blood supply for controlling the growth of fibroids and malignant tumors, but limited by embolic agents lacking spontaneous targeting and post-treatment removal. So we first adopted nonionic poly(acrylamide-co-acrylonitrile) with an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) to build up self-localizing microcages by inverse emulsification. The results showed that these UCST-type microcages behaved with the appropriate phase-transition threshold value around 40 °C, and spontaneously underwent an expansion-fusion-fission cycle under the stimulus of mild temperature hyperthermia. Given the simultaneous local release of cargoes, this simple but smart microcage is expected to act as a multifunctional embolic agent for tumorous starving therapy, tumor chemotherapy, and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglong Gan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South P. R. China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South P. R. China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South P. R. China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South P. R. China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South P. R. China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South P. R. China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xian Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, P. R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South P. R. China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South P. R. China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South P. R. China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Longbin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South P. R. China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South P. R. China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South P. R. China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South P. R. China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South P. R. China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South P. R. China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shiting Feng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South P. R. China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South P. R. China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South P. R. China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South P. R. China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South P. R. China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South P. R. China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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203
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Xu J, Wang Z, Chu HCW. Unidirectional drying of a suspension of diffusiophoretic colloids under gravity. RSC Adv 2023; 13:9247-9259. [PMID: 36950706 PMCID: PMC10026375 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00115f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent experiments (K. Inoue and S. Inasawa, RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 15763-15768) and simulations (J.-B. Salmon and F. Doumenc, Phys. Rev. Fluids, 2020, 5, 024201) demonstrated the significant impact of gravity on unidirectional drying of a colloidal suspension. However, under gravity, the role of colloid transport induced by an electrolyte concentration gradient, a mechanism known as diffusiophoresis, is unexplored to date. In this work, we employ direct numerical simulations and develop a macrotransport theory to analyze the advective-diffusive transport of an electrolyte-colloid suspension in a unidirectional drying cell under the influence of gravity and diffusiophoresis. We report three key findings. First, drying a suspension of solute-attracted diffusiophoretic colloids causes the strongest phase separation and generates the thinnest colloidal layer compared to non-diffusiophoretic or solute-repelled colloids. Second, when colloids are strongly solute-repelled, diffusiophoresis prevents the formation of colloid concentration gradient and hence gravity has a negligible effect on colloidal layer formation. Third, our macrotransport theory predicts new scalings for the growth of the colloidal layer. The scalings match with direct numerical simulations and indicate that the colloidal layer produced by solute-repelled diffusiophoretic colloids could be an order of magnitude thicker compared to non-diffusiophoretic or solute-attracted colloids. Our results enable tailoring the separation of colloid-electrolyte suspensions by tuning the interactions between the solvent, electrolyte, and colloids under Earth's or microgravity, which is central to ground-based and in-space applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjie Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Zhikui Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Henry C W Chu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
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204
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Zhang Y, Barrouillet B, Chavan SM, Skadsem HJ. Development of a novel experimental technique for the measurement of residual wall layer thickness in water-oil displacement flows. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4530. [PMID: 36941330 PMCID: PMC10027689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31776-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The effective removal and displacement of fluids is important in many industrial and environmental applications, such as for operation and cleaning of process equipment, fluid injection in porous media for oil recovery or aquifer remediation, or for achieving subsurface zonal isolation in new or abandoned wells. The accurate measurement of the residual fluid wall film left behind after displacement by a cleaning fluid is a long-standing challenge, particularly so for very thin fluid films where the thickness can be of the order of micrometer. We focus on the characterization of oil films left on the wall of a horizontal pipe after the pipe has been displaced by water, and develop a novel, non-intrusive analytical technique that allows the use of relevant pipe materials. The oil that originally occupies the pipe is stained by a hydrophobic dye Nile red, and an intermediate organic solvent is used to collect the residual oil volume that remains after displacing the pipe with a known volume of water. Finally, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is used to measure the Nile red concentration in the collected fluid, which is proportional to the residual volume of oil in the pipe. We demonstrate the methodology by conducting experiments where the displacing fluid is injected at two different imposed velocities, and where the injected fluid volume is varied. As expected, we find a gradual thinning of the oil film with increasing injected fluid volume. We compare the measured film thicknesses to a displacement model based on the steady velocity profile in a pipe, and find that experiments consistently produce smaller film thicknesses. This developed technique allows quantification of displacement and cleaning mechanisms involved in immiscible displacements at laminar, transitional and turbulent regimes, for different non-Newtonian fluid pairs, and for different realistic pipe materials and surface roughnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Department Energy and Petroleum Engineering, University of Stavanger, 4068, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Benjamin Barrouillet
- Department Energy and Petroleum Engineering, University of Stavanger, 4068, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Sachin M Chavan
- Department Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, 4068, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Hans Joakim Skadsem
- Department Energy and Petroleum Engineering, University of Stavanger, 4068, Stavanger, Norway.
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205
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Suematsu NJ, Yamashita H, Iima M. Bioconvection pattern of Euglena under periodical illumination. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1134002. [PMID: 37009478 PMCID: PMC10063821 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1134002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms respond to environmental conditions and often spontaneously form highly ordered convection patterns. This mechanism has been well-studied from the viewpoint of self-organization. However, environmental conditions in nature are usually dynamic. Naturally, biological systems respond to temporal changes in environmental condition. To elucidate the response mechanisms in such a dynamic environment, we observed the bioconvection pattern of Euglena under periodical changes in illumination. It is known that Euglena shows localized bioconvection patterns under constant homogeneous illumination from the bottom. Periodical changes in light intensity induced two different types of spatiotemporal patterns: alternation of formation and decomposition over a long period and complicated transition of pattern over a short period. Our observations suggest that pattern formation in a periodically changing environment is of fundamental importance to the behavior of biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko J. Suematsu
- Graduate School of Advanced Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan
- Meiji Institute for Advanced Study of Mathematical Sciences (MIMS), Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Nobuhiko J. Suematsu,
| | - Hiroshi Yamashita
- Graduate School of Integrated Life Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Makoto Iima
- Graduate School of Integrated Life Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
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206
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Fudge BD, Cimpeanu R, Antkowiak A, Castrejón-Pita JR, Castrejón-Pita AA. Drop splashing after impact onto immiscible pools of different viscosities. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 641:585-594. [PMID: 36963252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Droplet impact onto liquid pools is a canonical scenario relevant to numerous natural phenomena and industrial processes. However, despite their ubiquity, multi-fluid systems with the drop and pool consisting of different liquids are far less well understood. Our hypothesis is that the post-impact dynamics greatly depends on the pool-to-droplet viscosity ratioμp/μd, which we explore over a range of six orders of magnitude using a combination of experiments and theoretical approaches (mathematical modelling and direct numerical simulation). Our findings indicate that in this scenario the splashing threshold and the composition of the ejecta sheet are controlled by the viscosity ratio. We uncover that increasing the pool viscosity decreases the splashing threshold for high viscosity pools (μp/μd≳35) when the splash comes from the droplet. By contrast, for low viscosity pools, the splash sheet comes from the pool and increasing the pool viscosity increases the splashing threshold. Surprisingly, there are conditions for which no splashing is observed under the conditions attainable in our laboratory. Furthermore, considering the interface velocity together with asymptotic arguments underlying the generation of the ejecta has allowed us to understand meaningful variations in the pressure during impact and rationalise the observed changes in the splashing threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben D Fudge
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Radu Cimpeanu
- Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom; Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Arnaud Antkowiak
- Institut Jean le Rond ∂'Alembert, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - J Rafael Castrejón-Pita
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom.
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207
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Chang X, Gao D. A comparative study of data-driven modal decomposition analysis of unforced and forced cylinder wakes. J Vis (Tokyo) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12650-023-00912-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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208
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Gwon M, Kim D, Kim B, Han S, Kang D, Koh JS. Scale dependence in hydrodynamic regime for jumping on water. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1473. [PMID: 36927722 PMCID: PMC10020434 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37119-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Momentum transfer from the water surface is strongly related to the dynamical scale and morphology of jumping animals. Here, we investigate the scale-dependent momentum transfer of various jumping organisms and engineered systems at an air-water interface. A simplified analytical model for calculating the maximum momentum transfer identifies an intermediate dynamical scale region highly disadvantageous for jumping on water. The Weber number of the systems should be designed far from 1 to achieve high jumping performance on water. We design a relatively large water-jumping robot in the drag-dominant scale range, having a high Weber number, for maximum jumping height and distance. The jumping robot, around 10 times larger than water striders, has a take-off speed of 3.6 m/s facilitated by drag-based propulsion, which is the highest value reported thus far. The scale-dependent hydrodynamics of water jumpers provides a useful framework for understanding nature and robotic system interacting with the water surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseok Gwon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjin Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Baekgyeom Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyong Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Daeshik Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Je-Sung Koh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea.
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209
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Wang Z, Wang ZG, Shi AC, Lu Y, An L. Behaviors of a Polymer Chain in Channels: From Zimm to Rouse Dynamics. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Gang Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - An-Chang Shi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Yuyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijia An
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
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210
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Liu B, Shi W. An Explicit-Correction-Force Scheme of IB-LBM Based on Interpolated Particle Distribution Function. Entropy (Basel) 2023; 25:526. [PMID: 36981414 PMCID: PMC10048480 DOI: 10.3390/e25030526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In order to obtain a better numerical simulation method for fluid-structure interaction (FSI), the IB-LBM combining the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and immersed boundary method (IBM) has been studied more than a decade. For this purpose, an explicit correction force scheme of IB-LBM was proposed in this paper. Different from the current IB-LBMs, this paper introduced the particle distribution function to the interpolation process from the fluid grids to the immersed boundary at the mesoscopic level and directly applied the LBM force models to obtain the interface force with a simple form and explicit process. Then, in order to ensure the mass conservation in the local area of the interface, this paper corrected the obtained interface force with the correction matrix, forming the total explicit-correction-force (ECP) scheme of IB-LBM. The results of four numerical tests were used to verify the order of accuracy and effectiveness of the present method. The streamline penetration is limited and the numerical simulation with certain application significance is successful for complex boundary conditions such as the movable rigid bodies (free oscillation of the flapping foil) and flexible deformable bodies (free deformation of cylinders). In summary, we obtained a simple and alternative simulation method that can achieve good simulation results for engineering reference models with complex boundary problems.
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211
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Kou B, Hou Y, Fu W, Yang N, Liu J, Xie G. Simulation of Multi-Phase Flow in Autoclaves Using a Coupled CFD-DPM Approach. Processes (Basel) 2023; 11:890. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11030890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, a numerical simulation study on the mixing characteristics of multiphase flow in an autoclave was carried out using CFD technology. The Eulerian–Eulerian model and discrete phase model (DPM) were employed to investigate the solid holdup, critical suspension speed, nonuniformity of solid suspension, gas holdup distribution, bubble tracks, and residence time during stirring leaching in the autoclave. Experiments validate the accuracy of the numerical model, and the experimental values correspond well with the simulation results. The numerical simulation results show that the solid–liquid mixing is mainly affected by the axial flow, the best agitation speed is 400 rpm, and increasing the speed further cannot make the mixture more homogenous and buildup occurred above the autoclave. The calculated critical suspension speed is 406 rpm, which is slightly lower than that obtained from the empirical formula. The gas phase is mainly concentrated in the vortex area above the blade. When the gas phase is in a completely dispersed state (N = 300 rpm), the average residence time of the bubbles is 5.66 s.
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212
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Löffler RJG, Roliński T, Kitahata H, Koyano Y, Górecki J. New types of complex motion of a simple camphor boat. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:7794-7804. [PMID: 36857664 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05707g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the motion of a rectangular camphor boat, considering the position of a camphor pill in relation to the boat's stern as the control parameter. The boat moves because the pill releases surface active molecules that decrease the surface tension and support the motion. We introduce a new experimental system in which the boat rotates on a long arm around the axis located at the centre of a Petri dish; thus, the motion is restricted to a circle and can be studied under stationary conditions for a long time. The experiments confirmed two previously reported modes of motion: continuous motion when the pill was located at the boat edge and pulsating (intermittent) motion if it was close to the boat centre (Suematsu et al., J. Phys. Chem. C, 2010, 114(21), 9876-9882). For intermediate pill locations, we observed a new, unreported type of motion characterised by oscillating speed (i.e. oscillating motion). Different modes of motion can be observed for the same pill location. The experimental results are qualitatively confirmed using a simple reaction-diffusion model of the boat evolution used in the above-mentioned paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J G Löffler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland. .,Division of Astrophysics, Lund Observatory, Lund University, Box 43, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tomasz Roliński
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland.
| | - Hiroyuki Kitahata
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho 1-33, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Yuki Koyano
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-0011, Japan
| | - Jerzy Górecki
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland.
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213
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Wells D, Vadala-Roth B, Lee JH, Griffith BE. A Nodal Immersed Finite Element-Finite Difference Method. J Comput Phys 2023; 477:111890. [PMID: 37007629 PMCID: PMC10062120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcp.2022.111890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The immersed finite element-finite difference (IFED) method is a computational approach to modeling interactions between a fluid and an immersed structure. The IFED method uses a finite element (FE) method to approximate the stresses, forces, and structural deformations on a structural mesh and a finite difference (FD) method to approximate the momentum and enforce incompressibility of the entire fluid-structure system on a Cartesian grid. The fundamental approach used by this method follows the immersed boundary framework for modeling fluid-structure interaction (FSI), in which a force spreading operator prolongs structural forces to a Cartesian grid, and a velocity interpolation operator restricts a velocity field defined on that grid back onto the structural mesh. With an FE structural mechanics framework, force spreading first requires that the force itself be projected onto the finite element space. Similarly, velocity interpolation requires projecting velocity data onto the FE basis functions. Consequently, evaluating either coupling operator requires solving a matrix equation at every time step. Mass lumping, in which the projection matrices are replaced by diagonal approximations, has the potential to accelerate this method considerably. This paper provides both numerical and computational analyses of the effects of this replacement for evaluating the force projection and for the IFED coupling operators. Constructing the coupling operators also requires determining the locations on the structure mesh where the forces and velocities are sampled. Here we show that sampling the forces and velocities at the nodes of the structural mesh is equivalent to using lumped mass matrices in the IFED coupling operators. A key theoretical result of our analysis is that if both of these approaches are used together, the IFED method permits the use of lumped mass matrices derived from nodal quadrature rules for any standard interpolatory element. This is different from standard FE methods, which require specialized treatments to accommodate mass lumping with higher-order shape functions. Our theoretical results are confirmed by numerical benchmarks, including standard solid mechanics tests and examination of a dynamic model of a bioprosthetic heart valve.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wells
- Department of Mathematics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ben Vadala-Roth
- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Coastal, and Hydraulic Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Jae H. Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Boyce E. Griffith
- Departments of Mathematics, Applied Physical Sciences, and Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Center for Interdisciplinary Applied Mathematics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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214
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Iskhakov AS, Tai CK, Bolotnov IA, Nguyen T, Merzari E, Shaver DR, Dinh NT. Data-Driven RANS Turbulence Closures for Forced Convection Flow in Reactor Downcomer Geometry. NUCL TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00295450.2023.2185056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arsen S. Iskhakov
- North Carolina State University, Department of Nuclear Engineering, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Cheng-Kai Tai
- North Carolina State University, Department of Nuclear Engineering, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Igor A. Bolotnov
- North Carolina State University, Department of Nuclear Engineering, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Tri Nguyen
- Penn State University, Department of Nuclear Engineering, State College, Pennsylvania
| | - Elia Merzari
- Penn State University, Department of Nuclear Engineering, State College, Pennsylvania
| | - Dillon R. Shaver
- Argonne National Laboratory, Nuclear Science and Engineering Division, Lemont, Illinois
| | - Nam T. Dinh
- North Carolina State University, Department of Nuclear Engineering, Raleigh, North Carolina
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215
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Roca S, Leclercq L, Gonzalez P, Dhellemmes L, Boiteau L, Rydzek G, Cottet H. Modifying last layer in polyelectrolyte multilayer coatings for capillary electrophoresis of proteins. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1692:463837. [PMID: 36804799 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein adsorption on the inner wall of the fused silica capillary wall is an important concern for capillary electrophoresis (CE) analysis since it is mainly responsible for separation efficiency reduction. Successive Multiple Ionic-polymer Layers (SMIL) are used as capillary coatings to limit protein adsorption, but even low residual adsorption strongly impacts the separation efficiency, especially at high separation voltages. In this work, the influence of the chemical nature and the PEGylation of the polyelectrolyte deposited in the last layer of the SMIL coating was investigated on the separation performances of a mixture of four model intact proteins (myoglobin (Myo), trypsin inhibitor (TI), ribonuclease a (RNAse A) and lysozyme (Lyz)). Poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), polyethyleneimine (PEI), ε-poly(L-lysine) (εPLL) and α-poly(L-lysine) (αPLL) were compared before and after chemical modification with polyethyleneglycol (PEG) of different chain lengths. The experimental results obtained by performing electrophoretic separations at different separation voltages allowed determining the residual retention factor of the proteins onto the capillary wall via the determination of the plate height at different solute velocities and demonstrated a strong impact of the polycationic last layer on the electroosmotic mobility, the separation efficiency and the overall resolution. Properties of SMIL coatings were also characterized by quartz microbalance and atomic force microscopy, demonstrating a glassy structure of the films.
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216
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Shen L, Tian Z, Zhang J, Zhu H, Yang K, Li T, Rich J, Upreti N, Hao N, Pei Z, Jin G, Yang S, Liang Y, Chaohui W, Huang TJ. Acousto-dielectric tweezers for size-insensitive manipulation and biophysical characterization of single cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 224:115061. [PMID: 36634509 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic biophysical properties of cells, such as mechanical, acoustic, and electrical properties, are valuable indicators of a cell's function and state. However, traditional single-cell biophysical characterization methods are hindered by limited measurable properties, time-consuming procedures, and complex system setups. This study presents acousto-dielectric tweezers that leverage the balance between controllable acoustophoretic and dielectrophoretic forces applied on cells through surface acoustic waves and alternating current electric fields, respectively. Particularly, the balanced acoustophoretic and dielectrophoretic forces can trap cells at equilibrium positions independent of the cell size to differentiate between various cell-intrinsic mechanical, acoustic, and electrical properties. Experimental results show our mechanism has the potential for applications in single-cell analysis, size-insensitive cell separation, and cell phenotyping, which are all primarily based on cells' intrinsic biophysical properties. Our results also show the measured equilibrium position of a cell can inversely determine multiple biophysical properties, including membrane capacitance, cytoplasm conductivity, and acoustic contrast factor. With these features, our acousto-dielectric tweezing mechanism is a valuable addition to the resources available for biophysical property-based biological and medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA; State Key Laboratory of Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Zhenhua Tian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Jinxin Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Haodong Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Kaichun Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Teng Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Joseph Rich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Neil Upreti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Nanjing Hao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Zhichao Pei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Geonsoo Jin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Shujie Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Yaosi Liang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Wang Chaohui
- State Key Laboratory of Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
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217
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Wang RL, Gingrich KJ, Vance A, Johnson MD, Welch BG, McDonagh DL. The effects of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage on cerebral vessel diameter and flow velocity. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 32:107056. [PMID: 36933521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial Doppler flow velocity is used to monitor for cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Generally, blood flow velocities appear inversely related to the square of vessel diameter representing local fluid dynamics. However, studies of flow velocity-diameter relationships are few, and may identify vessels for which diameter changes are better correlated with Doppler velocity. We therefore studied a large retrospective cohort with concurrent transcranial Doppler velocities and angiographic vessel diameters. METHODS This is a single-site, retrospective, cohort study of adult patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, approved by the UT Southwestern Medical Center Institutional Review Board. Study inclusion required transcranial Doppler measurements within </= 24 hours of vessel imaging. Vessels assessed were: bilateral anterior, middle, posterior cerebral arteries; internal carotid siphons; vertebral arteries; and basilar artery. Flow velocity-diameter relationships were constructed and fitted with a simple inverse power function. A greater influence of local fluid dynamics is suggested as power factors approach two. RESULTS 98 patients were included. Velocity-diameter relationships are curvilinear, and well fit by a simple inverse power function. Middle cerebral arteries showed the highest power factors (>1.1, R2>0.9). Furthermore, velocity and diameter changed (P<0.033) consistent with the signature time course of cerebral vasospasm. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that middle cerebral artery velocity-diameter relationships are most influenced by local fluid dynamics, which supports these vessels as preferred endpoints in Doppler detection of cerebral vasospasm. Other vessels showed less influence of local fluid dynamics, pointing to greater role of factors outside the local vessel segment in determining flow velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management; The University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine.
| | - Kevin J Gingrich
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management; The University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Univ. of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390 USA.
| | - Awais Vance
- Department of Neurological Surgery; The University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA; Departments of Radiology; The University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center.
| | - Mark D Johnson
- Department of Neurology; The University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA; Department of Neurology, Univ. of Texas Southwestern Medical Center.
| | - Babu G Welch
- Department of Neurological Surgery; The University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA; Departments of Radiology; The University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA; Departments of Neurological Surgery & Radiology, Univ. of Texas Southwestern Medical Center.
| | - David L McDonagh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management; The University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery; The University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA; Department of Neurology; The University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA; Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Neurology, and Neurological Surgery; Univ. of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390 USA.
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218
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Kim Y, Kim J, Seo E, Lee SJ. AI-based analysis of 3D position and orientation of red blood cells using a digital in-line holographic microscopy. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 229:115232. [PMID: 36963327 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The morphological and mechanical characteristics of red blood cells (RBCs) largely vary depending on the occurrence of hematologic disorders. Variations in the rheological properties of RBCs affect the dynamic motions of RBCs, especially their rotational behavior. However, conventional techniques for measuring the orientation of biconcave-shaped RBCs still have some technical limitations, including complicated optical setups, complex post data processing, and low throughput. In this study, we propose a novel image-based technique for measuring 3D position and orientation of normal RBCs using digital in-line holographic microscopy (DIHM) and artificial intelligence (AI). Formaldehyde-fixed RBCs are immobilized in coagulated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Holographic images of RBCs positioned at various out-of-plane angles are acquired by precisely manipulating the PDMS-trapped RBC sample attached to a 4-axis optical stage. With the aid of deep learning algorithms for data augmentation and regression analysis, the out-of-plane angle of RBCs is directly predicted from the captured holographic images. The 3D position and in-plane angle of RBCs are acquired by employing numerical reconstruction and ellipse detection methods. Combining these digital image processing techniques, the 3D positional and orientational information of each RBC recorded in a single holographic image is measured within 23.5 and 3.07 s, respectively. The proposed AI-based DIHM technique that can extract the 3D position, orientation, and morphology of individual RBCs would be utilized to analyze the dynamic translational and rotational motions of abnormal RBCs with hematologic disorders in shear flows through further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngdo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihwan Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunseok Seo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Joon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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219
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Xie H, Zhang X, Jiang T, Zhu Y, Zhou L. Rheological Behavior of DNP/HMX Melt-Cast Explosives with Bimodal and Trimodal Particle-Size Distributions. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061446. [PMID: 36987225 PMCID: PMC10054664 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
As a matrix for melt-cast explosives, 3,4-dinitropyrazole (DNP) is a promising alternative to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). However, the viscosity of molten DNP is considerably greater compared with that of TNT, thus, requiring the viscosity of DNP-based melt-cast explosive suspensions to be minimized. In this paper, the apparent viscosity of a DNP/HMX (cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine) melt-cast explosive suspension is measured using a Haake Mars III rheometer. Both bimodal and trimodal particle-size distributions are used to minimize the viscosity of this explosive suspension. First, the optimal diameter ratio and mass ratio (two crucial process parameters) between coarse and fine particles are obtained from the bimodal particle-size distribution. Second, based on the optimal diameter ratio and mass ratio, trimodal particle-size distributions are used to further minimize the apparent viscosity of the DNP/HMX melt-cast explosive suspension. Finally, for either the bimodal or trimodal particle-size distribution, if the original data between the apparent viscosity and solid content are normalized, the resultant plot of the relative viscosity versus reduced solid content collapses to a single curve, and the effect of the shear rate on this curve is further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanfei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiangrong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Tao Jiang
- Chongqing Hongyu Precision Industry Group Co., Ltd., Chongqing 402760, China
| | - Yingzhong Zhu
- Chongqing Hongyu Precision Industry Group Co., Ltd., Chongqing 402760, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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220
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Saeed K, Akram S, Ahmad A. Outcomes of Partial Slip on Double-Diffusive Convection on Peristaltic Waves of Johnson–Segalman Nanofluids Under the Impact of Inclined Magnetic Field. Arab J Sci Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-023-07706-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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221
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Guo W, Zeng L, Liu Z. Mechanism of Surface Wettability of Nanostructure Morphology Enhancing Boiling Heat Transfer: Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Processes (Basel) 2023; 11:857. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11030857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the interaction mechanism between the solid–liquid–gas interface phenomenon caused by nanostructure and surface wettability and boiling heat transfer is described, and the heat transfer theory of single wettable nanostructure surface and mixed wettable nanostructure surface is proposed. Through molecular dynamics simulation, the thermodynamic model of the wettable surface of nanostructures is established. The nanostructures are set as four rectangular lattice structures with a height of 18 Å. The solid atoms are platinum atoms, and the liquid atoms are argon atoms. The simulation results show that with the increase of surface hydrophilicity of nanostructures, the fluid temperature increases significantly, and the heat transfer at the interface is enhanced. With the increase in surface hydrophobicity of nanostructures, the atoms staying on the surface of nanostructures are affected by the hydrophobicity, showing a phenomenon of exclusion, and the evaporation rate in the evaporation area of nanostructures is significantly increased. In addition, the mixed wettable surface is influenced by the atomic potential energy and kinetic energy of the solid surface, and when compared with the pure wettable surface under the nanostructure, it changes the diffusion behavior of argon atoms on the nanostructure surface, enhances the heat transfer phenomenon compared with the pure hydrophobic surface, and enhances the evaporation phenomenon compared with the pure hydrophilic surface. This study provides insights into the relationship between the vapor film and the heating surface with mixed wettability and nanostructures.
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222
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Sun N, Jia Y, Bai S, Li Q, Dai L, Li J. The power of super-resolution microscopy in modern biomedical science. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 314:102880. [PMID: 36965225 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Super-resolution microscopy (SRM) technology that breaks the diffraction limit has revolutionized the field of cell biology since its appearance, which enables researchers to visualize cellular structures with nanometric resolution, multiple colors and single-molecule sensitivity. With the flourishing development of hardware and the availability of novel fluorescent probes, the impact of SRM has already gone beyond cell biology and extended to nanomedicine, material science and nanotechnology, and remarkably boosted important breakthroughs in these fields. In this review, we will mainly highlight the power of SRM in modern biomedical science, discussing how these SRM techniques revolutionize the way we understand cell structures, biomaterials assembly and how assembled biomaterials interact with cellular organelles, and finally their promotion to the clinical pre-diagnosis. Moreover, we also provide an outlook on the current technical challenges and future improvement direction of SRM. We hope this review can provide useful information, inspire new ideas and propel the development both from the perspective of SRM techniques and from the perspective of SRM's applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
| | - Yi Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Shiwei Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Luru Dai
- Wenzhou Institute and Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
| | - Junbai Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049.
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223
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Dedeloudi A, Weaver E, Lamprou DA. Machine learning in additive manufacturing & Microfluidics for smarter and safer drug delivery systems. Int J Pharm 2023; 636:122818. [PMID: 36907280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
A new technological passage has emerged in the pharmaceutical field, concerning the management, application, and transfer of knowledge from humans to machines, as well as the implementation of advanced manufacturing and product optimisation processes. Machine Learning (ML) methods have been introduced to Additive Manufacturing (AM) and Microfluidics (MFs) to predict and generate learning patterns for precise fabrication of tailor-made pharmaceutical treatments. Moreover, regarding the diversity and complexity of personalised medicine, ML has been part of quality by design strategy, targeting towards the development of safe and effective drug delivery systems. The utilisation of different and novel ML techniques along with Internet of Things sensors in AM and MFs, have shown promising aspects regarding the development of well-defined automated procedures towards the production of sustainable and quality-based therapeutic systems. Thus, the effective data utilisation, prospects on a flexible and broader production of "on demand" treatments. In this study, a thorough overview has been achieved, concerning scientific achievements of the past decade, which aims to trigger the research interest on incorporating different types of ML in AM and MFs, as essential techniques for the enhancement of quality standards of customised medicinal applications, as well as the reduction of variability potency, throughout a pharmaceutical process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Dedeloudi
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Edward Weaver
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Dimitrios A Lamprou
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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224
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Abstract
The advancement of microfluidics has enabled numerous discoveries and technologies in life sciences. However, due to the lack of industry standards and configurability, the design and fabrication of microfluidic devices require highly skilled technicians. The diversity of microfluidic devices discourages biologists and chemists from applying this technique in their laboratories. Modular microfluidics, which integrates the standardized microfluidic modules into a whole, complex platform, brings the capability of configurability to conventional microfluidics. The exciting features, including portability, on-site deployability, and high customization motivate us to review the state-of-the-art modular microfluidics and discuss future perspectives. In this review, we first introduce the working mechanisms of the basic microfluidic modules and evaluate their feasibility as modular microfluidic components. Next, we explain the connection approaches among these microfluidic modules, and summarize the advantages of modular microfluidics over integrated microfluidics in biological applications. Finally, we discuss the challenge and future perspectives of modular microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Wu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Sheng Yan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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225
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Satpathi NS, Nampoothiri KN, Sen AK. Effects of surface acoustic waves on droplet impact dynamics. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 641:499-509. [PMID: 36948105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Surface acoustic waves (SAW) propagating along a solid surface can significantly affect the dynamics of droplet impact. Although droplet impact in presence of SAW has been attempted recently, here, we investigate the effects of surface wettability, droplet size, impact velocity, and SAW power on the impact and spreading dynamics along with post-impact oscillation dynamics of a drop. EXPERIMENTS Here, we study droplet impact on a surface exposed to traveling SAW produced using an interdigitated electrode patterned on a piezoelectric substrate. The effects of Weber number (We), surface wettability, and SAW power on the impact and spreading dynamics and post-impact oscillation dynamics are studied. FINDINGS Our study unravels that the interplay between capillary and viscous forces, and inertia forces arising due to pre-impact kinetic energy and SAW-induced bulk acoustic streaming underpins the phenomena. Remarkably, we find that the effect of SAW on droplet impact dynamics is predominant in the case of a hydrophilic (HPL) substrate at a higher SAW power and smaller We and hydrophobic (HPB) substrate irrespective of SAW power. Our study reveals that the maximum droplet spreading diameter increases with SAW power at smaller We for an HPL surface whereas it is independent of SAW power at higher We. Post-impact oscillation of a droplet over an HPL surface is found to be overdamped with a smaller amplitude compared to an HPB substrate, and a faster decay in oscillation amplitude is observed in the case of an HPB surface and higher We. Our study provides an improved understanding of droplet impact on a surface exposed to SAW that may find relevance in various practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Satpathi
- Micro Nano Bio Fluidics Unit, Fluid Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K N Nampoothiri
- Micro Nano Bio Fluidics Unit, Fluid Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A K Sen
- Micro Nano Bio Fluidics Unit, Fluid Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
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226
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Wu W, Cui J, Sultan U, Gromotka L, Malgaretti P, Damm C, Harting J, Vogel N, Peukert W, Inayat A, Fröba AP. Diffusion of gold nanoparticles in porous silica monoliths determined by dynamic light scattering. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 641:251-64. [PMID: 36933471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The applicability of the dynamic light scattering method for the determination of particle diffusivity under confinement without applying refractive index matching was not adequately explored so far. The confinement effect on particle diffusion in a porous material which is relevant for particle chromatography has also not yet been fully characterized. EXPERIMENTS Dynamic light scattering experiments were performed for unimodal dispersions of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid-capped gold nanoparticles. Diffusion coefficients of gold nanoparticles in porous silica monoliths were determined without limiting refractive index matching fluids. Comparative experiments were also performed with the same nanoparticles and porous silica monolith but applying refractive index matching. FINDINGS Two distinct diffusivities could be determined inside the porous silica monolith, both smaller than that in free media, showing a slowing-down of the diffusion processes of nanoparticles under confinement. While the larger diffusivity can be related to the slightly slowed-down diffusion of particles in the bulk of the pores and in the necks connecting individual pores, the smaller diffusivity might be related to the diffusion of particles near the pore walls. It shows that the dynamic light scattering method with a heterodyne detection scheme can be used as a reliable and competitive tool for determining particle diffusion under confinement.
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227
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Allon R, Bhardwaj S, Sznitman J, Shoffel-Havakuk H, Pinhas S, Zloczower E, Shapira-Galitz Y, Lahav Y. A Novel Trans-Tracheostomal Retrograde Inhalation Technique Increases Subglottic Drug Deposition Compared to Traditional Trans-Oral Inhalation. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030903. [PMID: 36986764 PMCID: PMC10056688 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Subglottic stenosis represents a challenging clinical condition in otolaryngology. Although patients often experience improvement following endoscopic surgery, recurrence rates remain high. Pursuing measures to maintain surgical results and prevent recurrence is thus necessary. Steroids therapy is considered effective in preventing restenosis. Currently, however, the ability of trans-oral steroid inhalation to reach and affect the stenotic subglottic area in a tracheotomized patient is largely negligible. In the present study, we describe a novel trans-tracheostomal retrograde inhalation technique to increase corticosteroid deposition in the subglottic area. We detail our preliminary clinical outcomes in four patients treated with trans-tracheostomal corticosteroid inhalation via a metered dose inhaler (MDI) following surgery. Concurrently, we leverage computational fluid-particle dynamics (CFPD) simulations in an extra-thoracic 3D airway model to gain insight on possible advantages of such a technique over traditional trans-oral inhalation in augmenting aerosol deposition in the stenotic subglottic region. Our numerical simulations show that for an arbitrary inhaled dose (aerosols spanning 1–12 µm), the deposition (mass) fraction in the subglottis is over 30 times higher in the retrograde trans-tracheostomal technique compared to the trans-oral inhalation technique (3.63% vs. 0.11%). Importantly, while a major portion of inhaled aerosols (66.43%) in the trans-oral inhalation maneuver are transported distally past the trachea, the vast majority of aerosols (85.10%) exit through the mouth during trans-tracheostomal inhalation, thereby avoiding undesired deposition in the broader lungs. Overall, the proposed trans-tracheostomal retrograde inhalation technique increases aerosol deposition rates in the subglottis with minor lower-airway deposition compared to the trans-oral inhalation technique. This novel technique could play an important role in preventing restenosis of the subglottis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raviv Allon
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- Correspondence: or
| | - Saurabh Bhardwaj
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Josué Sznitman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Hagit Shoffel-Havakuk
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petach-Tikva 4941492, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Sapir Pinhas
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Elchanan Zloczower
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yael Shapira-Galitz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yonatan Lahav
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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228
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Noorimotlagh Z, Dehvari M, Mirzaee SA, Jaafarzadeh N, Martínez SS, Amarloei A. Efficient sonocatalytic degradation of orange II dye and real textile wastewater using peroxymonosulfate activated with a novel heterogeneous TiO 2–FeZn bimetallic nanocatalyst. J IRAN CHEM SOC 2023. [PMCID: PMC9999323 DOI: 10.1007/s13738-023-02780-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
TiO2–FeZn nanocatalyst combined with sonolysis were used to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) as a highly efficient advanced oxidation process (US/TiO2–FeZn/PMS) for the decoloration of orange II dye (OII) and real textile wastewater. The characterization of the as-synthesized NPs was performed by SEM, FTIR, EDX and XRD analyses. Optimal experimental conditions of operational parameters were obtained: pH = 3, 15 mg/L initial OII concentration, 0.2 g/L PMS, 0.7 g/L nanocatalyst dosing, and 300 W ultrasonic power. The decolorization was observed to increase with increasing the dose of nanocatalyst and the ultrasonic power, and with decreasing pH (under acidic conditions). Under optimal experimental conditions, decolorization and COD removal of textile wastewater were 99.9% and 74.6%, respectively, at 40 min. The TiO2–FeZn/PMS/US as a novel process exhibited a higher removal of OII (95%) than TiO2 NPs/PMS/US process (54%). The OII removal efficiency by the different processes decreased in the following order: TiO2–FeZn/US/PMS > TiO2–FeZn/PMS > TiO2–FeZn/US > TiO2 /US/PMS > US/PMS > TiO2–FeZn > PMS > US. The recyclability study revealed that the process could be reused up to three consecutive cycles. The current US/nanocatalyst/PMS system was concluded to be an efficient, reusable and stable nanocatalyst for the oxidation of textile dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Noorimotlagh
- Health and Environment Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Dehvari
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Abbas Mirzaee
- Health and Environment Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran ,Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Neemat Jaafarzadeh
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Susana Silva Martínez
- Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Ali Amarloei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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229
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Blatz JM, Barrows P, Gribb T, Cech DM, Becerra G, Kile T, Jacobson CM, Jacobson L, Giffey J, Radel R. A Plasma-Window Enhanced Accelerator-Based Deuterium-Tritium Neutron Generator System. Fusion Science and Technology 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2023.2167458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Blatz
- SHINE Technologies, Fitchburg, Wisconsin 53714
| | - P. Barrows
- SHINE Technologies, Fitchburg, Wisconsin 53714
| | - T. Gribb
- SHINE Technologies, Fitchburg, Wisconsin 53714
| | - D. M. Cech
- SHINE Technologies, Fitchburg, Wisconsin 53714
| | - G. Becerra
- SHINE Technologies, Fitchburg, Wisconsin 53714
| | - T. Kile
- SHINE Technologies, Fitchburg, Wisconsin 53714
| | | | - L. Jacobson
- SHINE Technologies, Fitchburg, Wisconsin 53714
| | - J. Giffey
- SHINE Technologies, Fitchburg, Wisconsin 53714
| | - R. Radel
- SHINE Technologies, Fitchburg, Wisconsin 53714
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230
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Wang N, Zhang Y, Wang W, Ye Z, Chen H, Hu G, Ouyang D. How can machine learning and multiscale modeling benefit ocular drug development? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 196:114772. [PMID: 36906232 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
The eyes possess sophisticated physiological structures, diverse disease targets, limited drug delivery space, distinctive barriers, and complicated biomechanical processes, requiring a more in-depth understanding of the interactions between drug delivery systems and biological systems for ocular formulation development. However, the tiny size of the eyes makes sampling difficult and invasive studies costly and ethically constrained. Developing ocular formulations following conventional trial-and-error formulation and manufacturing process screening procedures is inefficient. Along with the popularity of computational pharmaceutics, non-invasive in silico modeling & simulation offer new opportunities for the paradigm shift of ocular formulation development. The current work first systematically reviews the theoretical underpinnings, advanced applications, and unique advantages of data-driven machine learning and multiscale simulation approaches represented by molecular simulation, mathematical modeling, and pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) modeling for ocular drug development. Following this, a new computer-driven framework for rational pharmaceutical formulation design is proposed, inspired by the potential of in silico explorations in understanding drug delivery details and facilitating drug formulation design. Lastly, to promote the paradigm shift, integrated in silico methodologies were highlighted, and discussions on data challenges, model practicality, personalized modeling, regulatory science, interdisciplinary collaboration, and talent training were conducted in detail with a view to achieving more efficient objective-oriented pharmaceutical formulation design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS), University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yunsen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS), University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS), University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Zhuyifan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS), University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS), University of Macau, Macau, China; Faculty of Science and Technology (FST), University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Guanghui Hu
- Faculty of Science and Technology (FST), University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Defang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS), University of Macau, Macau, China; Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS), University of Macau, Macau, China.
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231
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Han K, Ma S, Sun J, Xu M, Qi X, Wang S, Li L, Li X. In silico modeling of patient-specific blood rheology in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biophys J 2023; 122:1445-1458. [PMID: 36905122 PMCID: PMC10147843 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased blood viscosity in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for the development of insulin resistance and diabetes-related vascular complications; however, individuals with T2DM exhibit heterogeneous hemorheological properties, including cell deformation and aggregation. Using a multiscale red blood cell (RBC) model with key parameters derived from patient-specific data, we present a computational study of the rheological properties of blood from individual patients with T2DM. Specifically, one key model parameter, which determines the shear stiffness of the RBC membrane (μ) is informed by the high-shear-rate blood viscosity of patients with T2DM. At the same time, the other, which contributes to the strength of the RBC aggregation interaction (D0), is derived from the low-shear-rate blood viscosity of patients with T2DM. The T2DM RBC suspensions are simulated at different shear rates, and the predicted blood viscosity is compared with clinical laboratory-measured data. The results show that the blood viscosity obtained from clinical laboratories and computational simulations are in agreement at both low and high shear rates. These quantitative simulation results demonstrate that the patient-specific model has truly learned the rheological behavior of T2DM blood by unifying the mechanical and aggregation factors of the RBCs, which provides an effective way to extract quantitative predictions of the rheological properties of the blood of individual patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Department of Engineering Mechanics, and Center for X-Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuhao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Department of Engineering Mechanics, and Center for X-Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiehui Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Miao Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaojing Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Department of Engineering Mechanics, and Center for X-Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Department of Engineering Mechanics, and Center for X-Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China.
| | - Xuejin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Department of Engineering Mechanics, and Center for X-Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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232
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Brini F, Seccia L. Acceleration Waves in Cylindrical Shrinking Gas Bubbles. NUCL SCI ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00295639.2023.2166754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Brini
- University of Bologna, Department of Mathematics and AM2, via Saragozza, 8, Bologna, Italy
| | - Leonardo Seccia
- University of Bologna, Department of Mathematics and AM2, via Saragozza, 8, Bologna, Italy
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233
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Wolf KT, Poorghani A, Dixon JB, Alexeev A. Effect of valve spacing on peristaltic pumping. Bioinspir Biomim 2023; 18:035002. [PMID: 36821859 PMCID: PMC9997067 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/acbe85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Peristaltic fluid pumping due to a periodically propagating contraction wave in a vessel fitted with one-way elastic valves is investigated numerically. It is concluded that the valve spacing within the vessel relative to the contraction wavelength plays a critical role in providing efficient pumping. When the valve spacing does not match the wavelength, the valves open asynchronously and the volume of the vessel segments bounded by two consecutive valves changes periodically, thereby inducing volumetric fluid pumping. The volumetric pumping leads to higher pumping flowrate and efficiency against an adverse pressure gradient. The optimum pumping occurs when the ratio of valve spacing to contraction wavelength is about2/3. This pumping regime is characterized by a longer period during which the valves are open. The results are useful for further understanding the pumping features of lymphatic system and provide insight into the design of biomimetic pumping devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Tae Wolf
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States of America
| | - Amir Poorghani
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States of America
| | - J Brandon Dixon
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States of America
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States of America
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States of America
| | - Alexander Alexeev
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States of America
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234
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Homma T, Yamashita T, Wada R, Kawazu K, Kurose K, Tsukahara T, Ueno I. Multicellular structures in thin free liquid films induced by thermocapillary effect. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 641:187-196. [PMID: 36934574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.02.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Multicellular convective structures that are induced in a fluid exposed to temperature difference are commonly observed in nature and in daily life. Different types of basic flow patterns are induced in a free liquid film by thermocapillary effect, whereas the formation of such multicellular structures has not been hitherto unravelled. EXPERIMENTS A thin film of high-Prandtl-number liquid is prepared in a rectangular aperture of the order of 0.1 mm in thickness sustained by its surface tension. A designated temperature difference is imposed between the end surfaces of the aperture to generate a thermocapillary-driven convection in the free liquid film. We monitor the induced thermal flow patterns to evaluate the cell numbers and their wavelength by experimental and numerical approaches. FINDINGS The multicellular structure is established by the thermocapillary effect in the free liquid films. The cell number increases in a stepwise manner as the liquid-film width increases. When the cell number increases, another pair of the cells always newly emerges. We determine the wavelength in a non-dimensional manner, and present the variation of the wavelength against the aspect ratio corresponding to the liquid-film width. The results are compared to those of convectional Marangoni-Bénard convection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Homma
- Division of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, 278-8510, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Tokiya Yamashita
- Division of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, 278-8510, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Ryohei Wada
- Division of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, 278-8510, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Koki Kawazu
- Division of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, 278-8510, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Kizuku Kurose
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering after Apr. 2023), Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, 278-8510, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Tsukahara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering after Apr. 2023), Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, 278-8510, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Ueno
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering after Apr. 2023), Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, 278-8510, Chiba, Japan.
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235
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Vieira GS, Allshouse MR, Mahadevan A. Seagrass deformation affects fluid instability and tracer exchange in canopy flow. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3910. [PMID: 36890189 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30401-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Monami is the synchronous waving of a submerged seagrass bed in response to unidirectional fluid flow. Here we develop a multiphase model for the dynamical instabilities and flow-driven collective motions of buoyant, deformable seagrass. We show that the impedance to flow due to the seagrass results in an unstable velocity shear layer at the canopy interface, leading to a periodic array of vortices that propagate downstream. Our simplified model, configured for unidirectional flow in a channel, provides a better understanding of the interaction between these vortices and the seagrass bed. Each passing vortex locally weakens the along-stream velocity at the canopy top, reducing the drag and allowing the deformed grass to straighten up just beneath it. This causes the grass to oscillate periodically even in the absence of water waves. Crucially, the maximal grass deflection is out of phase with the vortices. A phase diagram for the onset of instability shows its dependence on the fluid Reynolds number and an effective buoyancy parameter. Less buoyant grass is more easily deformed by the flow and forms a weaker shear layer, with smaller vortices and less material exchange across the canopy top. While higher Reynolds number leads to stronger vortices and larger waving amplitudes of the seagrass, waving amplitude is maximized at intermediate grass buoyancy. All together, our theory and computations develop an updated schematic of the instability mechanism consistent with experimental observations.
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236
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Bowen MM, Fernandez D, Gordon AL, Huber B, Castagno P, Falco P, Budillon G, Gunn KL, Forcen-Vazquez A. Tides regulate the flow and density of Antarctic Bottom Water from the western Ross Sea. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3873. [PMID: 36890202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31008-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) stores heat and gases over decades to centuries after contact with the atmosphere during formation on the Antarctic shelf and subsequent flow into the global deep ocean. Dense water from the western Ross Sea, a primary source of AABW, shows changes in water properties and volume over the last few decades. Here we show, using multiple years of moored observations, that the density and speed of the outflow are consistent with a release from the Drygalski Trough controlled by the density in Terra Nova Bay (the "accelerator") and the tidal mixing (the "brake"). We suggest tides create two peaks in density and flow each year at the equinoxes and could cause changes of ~ 30% in the flow and density over the 18.6-year lunar nodal tide. Based on our dynamic model, we find tides can explain much of the decadal variability in the outflow with longer-term changes likely driven by the density in Terra Nova Bay.
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237
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Abstract
Liquid flowing around a solid edge, i.e., overflow, is a commonly observed flow behavior. Recent research into surface wetting properties and microstructure-controlled overflow behavior has attracted much attention. Achieving controllable macroscale liquid dynamics by manipulating the micro-nanoscale liquid overflow has stimulated diverse scientific interest and fostered widespread use in practical applications. In this review, we outline the evolution of overflow and present a critical survey of the mechanism of surface wetting properties and microstructure-controlled liquid overflow in multilength scales ranging from centimeter to micro and even nanoscale. We summarize the latest progress in utilizing the mechanisms to manipulate liquid overflow and achieve macroscale liquid dynamics and in emerging applications to manipulate overflow for sustainable development in various fields, along with challenges and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhichao Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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238
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Moatimid GM, Mostapha DR. EHD stability of a cylindrical boundary separating double Reiner-Rivlin fluids. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3764. [PMID: 36882467 PMCID: PMC9992682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30749-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The major aim of this work is to achieve a mathematical technique to scrutinize the nonlinear instability of a vertical cylindrical boundary separation of two streaming Reiner-Rivlin liquids. The system is portrayed by an unchanged longitudinal electric strength. Furthermore, the action of mass and heat transfer (MHT) and permeable media are also considered. The problem is not only of methodological interest but also of scientific and practical interest. To shorten the mathematical analysis, Hsieh's modulation together with the viscous potential theory (VPT) is employed. The nonlinear diagram is contingent on tackling the governing linear mechanism along with the nonlinear applicable border restrictions. A non-dimensional process produces several non-dimensional physical numbers. A linear dispersion equation is attained and the stability standards are theoretically governed and numerically established. The nonlinear stability procedure reveals a Ginzburg-Landau formula. Consequently, nonlinear stability stipulations are accomplished. Furthermore, by way of the Homotopy perturbation approach, along with the expanded frequency concept, an accurate perturbed technique of surface deflection is attained theoretically and numerically. To validate the theoretical outcomes, the analytical expression is confirmed through the Rung-Kutta of the fourth order. The stable and unstable zones are signified graphically displaying the influences of several non-dimensional numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galal M Moatimid
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doaa R Mostapha
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, Cairo, Egypt.
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239
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Beetham S, Capecelatro J. Multiphase Turbulence Modeling Using Sparse Regression and Gene Expression Programming. NUCL TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00295450.2023.2178251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Beetham
- Oakland University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 115 Library Drive, Rochester, Michigan 48309
| | - J. Capecelatro
- University of Michigan, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2350 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
- University of Michigan, Department of Aerospace Engineering, 1320 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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240
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Lebas H, Boutigny A, Maupu C, Salfati J, Orset C, Mazighi M, Bonnin P, Boulaftali Y. Imaging Cerebral Arteries Tortuosity and Velocities by Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound Is a Reliable Assessment of Brain Aneurysm in Mouse Models. Stroke Vasc Interv Neurol 2023; 3:e000476. [PMID: 37496732 PMCID: PMC10368188 DOI: 10.1161/svin.122.000476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Background During the past few decades, several pathophysiological processes contributing to intracranial aneurysm (IA) rupture have been identified, including irregular IA shape, altered hemodynamic stress within the IA, and vessel wall inflammation. The use of preclinical models of IA and imaging tools is paramount to better understand the underlying disease mechanisms. Methods We used 2 established mouse models of IA, and we analyzed the progression of the IA by magnetic resonance imaging, transcranial Doppler, and histology. Results In both models of IA, we observed, by transcranial Doppler, a significant decrease of the blood velocities and wall shear stress of the internal carotid arteries. We also observed the formation of tortuous arteries in both models that were correlated with the presence of an aneurysm as confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging and histology. A high grade of tortuosity is associated with a significant decrease of the mean blood flow velocities and a greater artery dilation. Conclusions Transcranial Doppler is a robust and convenient imaging method to evaluate the progression of IA. Detection of decreased blood flow velocities and increased tortuosity can be used as reliable indicators of IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héloïse Lebas
- INSERM U1148Laboratory for Vascular Translational ScienceUniversité de Paris and Université Sorbonne Paris NordParisFrance
| | - Alexandre Boutigny
- INSERM U1148Laboratory for Vascular Translational ScienceUniversité de Paris and Université Sorbonne Paris NordParisFrance
- Service de Physiologie Clinique Explorations FonctionnellesAP‐HPHôpital Lariboisière–F WidalParisFrance
| | - Clémence Maupu
- INSERM U1148Laboratory for Vascular Translational ScienceUniversité de Paris and Université Sorbonne Paris NordParisFrance
| | - Jonas Salfati
- INSERM U1148Laboratory for Vascular Translational ScienceUniversité de Paris and Université Sorbonne Paris NordParisFrance
| | - Cyrille Orset
- UMR‐S U1237 “Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders,”Centre CYCERONCaenFrance
| | - Mikael Mazighi
- INSERM U1148Laboratory for Vascular Translational ScienceUniversité de Paris and Université Sorbonne Paris NordParisFrance
- Département de Neuroradiologie Interventionnelle de la Fondation Rothschild et Département de NeurologieHôpital LariboisièreParisFrance
| | - Philippe Bonnin
- INSERM U1148Laboratory for Vascular Translational ScienceUniversité de Paris and Université Sorbonne Paris NordParisFrance
- Service de Physiologie Clinique Explorations FonctionnellesAP‐HPHôpital Lariboisière–F WidalParisFrance
| | - Yacine Boulaftali
- INSERM U1148Laboratory for Vascular Translational ScienceUniversité de Paris and Université Sorbonne Paris NordParisFrance
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241
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Svintradze DV. Generalization of Young-Laplace, Kelvin, and Gibbs-Thomson equations for arbitrarily curved surfaces. Biophys J 2023; 122:892-904. [PMID: 36703559 PMCID: PMC10027438 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Young-Laplace, Kelvin, and Gibbs-Thomson equations form a cornerstone of colloidal and surface sciences and have found successful applications in many subfields of physics, chemistry, and biology. The Gibbs-Thomson effect, for example, predicts that small crystals are in equilibrium with their liquid melt at a lower temperature than large crystals and the positive interfacial energy increases the energy required to form small particles with a high curvature interface. In cases of liquids contained within porous media (confined geometry), the effect indicates decreasing the freezing/melting temperatures and the increment of the temperature is inversely proportional to the pore size. These phenomena can be reformulated for Gaussian maps of macromolecules and can be asked the following question: can one use the equations for predicting the melting temperature and shape of polymer chains in confined geometries? The answer is no, mainly because macromolecules form highly curved surfaces (Gaussian maps), and the equations hold only for simple geometries (sphere, plane, or cylinder). Here, we present general Young-Laplace, Kelvin, and Gibbs-Thomson equations for arbitrarily curved surfaces and apply them to predict temperature distribution on a few protein surfaces. Also, after increased interest toward liquid/liquid phase separation in biology, we derive generic Ostwald ripening and show that for shape-changing condensates, instead of a monotonic growing mechanism, a variety of processes are possible. Due to the generality of equations, we clarify that at appropriate internal/external pressure conditions systems, bounded by surfaces, may adopt any shape and thermal stability is strongly influenced by the geometries of confined spaces.
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Brouwers JJH. Innovative Methods of Centrifugal Separation. SEPARATIONS 2023; 10:181. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10030181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Considered are: (i) separation of gaseous molecules of different weight by the Ultra Centrifuge with application to large scale uranium enrichment to fuel nuclear power plants; (ii) separation of micron-sized particulate matter from fluids in mechanical devices in which use is made of inertial and centrifugal forces; (iii) separation of gaseous mixtures by fast expansion and cooling such that one of the gaseous components forms a mist of micron-sized droplets which are separated by centrifugation; and (iv) separation of components from gases by absorbing liquid films in small sized rotating channels. For each of these technologies we consider: physics of the separation process, assessment of the influence of fluid flow in the separation device, identification of leading parameters and their effect on design, experimental evidence, status of development, areas of application, position compared to other technologies, and economic value.
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243
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Markhotok A. The Post-Shock Nonequilibrium Relaxation in a Hypersonic Plasma Flow Involving Reflection off a Thermal Discontinuity. Plasma 2023; 6:181-197. [DOI: 10.3390/plasma6010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution in the post-shock nonequilibrium relaxation in a hypersonic plasma flow was investigated during a shock’s reflection off a thermal discontinuity. It was found that within a transitional period, the relaxation zone parameters past both the reflected and transmitted waves evolve differently compared to that in the incident wave. In a numerical example for the non-dissociating N2 gas heated to 5000 K/10,000 K across the interface and M = 3.5, the relaxation time determined for the transmitted wave is up to 50% shorter and the relaxation depth for both waves is significantly reduced, thus resulting in a weakened wave structure. The results of the extension into larger values of heating strength and the shock Mach numbers are discussed. The findings can be useful in the areas of research involving strong shocks interacting with optical discharges or other heated media on the scale where the shock structure becomes important.
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Jiang Y, Chen J, Xuan W, Liang Y, Huang X, Cao Z, Sun L, Dong S, Luo J. Numerical Study of Particle Separation through Integrated Multi-Stage Surface Acoustic Waves and Modulated Driving Signals. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:2771. [PMID: 36904975 PMCID: PMC10006892 DOI: 10.3390/s23052771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The manipulation of biomedical particles, such as separating circulating tumor cells from blood, based on standing surface acoustic wave (SSAW) has been widely used due to its advantages of label-free approaches and good biocompatibility. However, most of the existing SSAW-based separation technologies are dedicated to isolate bioparticles in only two different sizes. It is still challenging to fractionate various particles in more than two different sizes with high efficiency and accuracy. In this work, to tackle the problems of low efficiency for multiple cell particle separation, integrated multi-stage SSAW devices with different wavelengths driven by modulated signals were designed and studied. A three-dimensional microfluidic device model was proposed and analyzed using the finite element method (FEM). In addition, the effect of the slanted angle, acoustic pressure, and the resonant frequency of the SAW device on the particle separation were systemically studied. From the theoretical results, the separation efficiency of three different size particles based on the multi-stage SSAW devices reached 99%, which was significantly improved compared with conventional single-stage SSAW devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Jiang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, College of Electronic & Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Large-Scale Integrated Circuit Design, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, College of Electronic & Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Large-Scale Integrated Circuit Design, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Weipeng Xuan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, College of Electronic & Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Large-Scale Integrated Circuit Design, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yuhao Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, College of Electronic & Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Large-Scale Integrated Circuit Design, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiwei Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, College of Electronic & Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Large-Scale Integrated Circuit Design, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronics Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, College of Electronic & Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Large-Scale Integrated Circuit Design, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shurong Dong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronics Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Jikui Luo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronics Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
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Tzirakis K, Kamarianakis Y, Kontopodis N, Ioannou CV. Classification of Blood Rheological Models through an Idealized Symmetrical Bifurcation. Symmetry (Basel) 2023; 15:630. [DOI: 10.3390/sym15030630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The assumed rheological behavior of blood influences the hemodynamic characteristics of numerical blood flow simulations. Until now, alternative rheological specifications have been utilized, with uncertain implications for the results obtained. This work aims to group sixteen blood rheological models in homogeneous clusters, by exploiting data generated from numerical simulations on an idealized symmetrical arterial bifurcation. Blood flow is assumed to be pulsatile and is simulated using a commercial finite volume solver. An appropriate mesh convergence study is performed, and all results are collected at three different time instants throughout the cardiac cycle: at peak systole, early diastole, and late diastole. Six hemodynamic variables are computed: the time average wall shear stress, oscillatory shear index, relative residence time, global and local non-Newtonian importance factor, and non-Newtonian effect factor. The resulting data are analyzed using hierarchical agglomerative clustering algorithms, which constitute typical unsupervised classification methods. Interestingly, the rheological models can be partitioned into three homogeneous groups, whereas three specifications appear as outliers which do not belong in any partition. Our findings suggest that models which are defined in a similar manner from a mathematical perspective may behave substantially differently in terms of the data they produce. On the other hand, models characterized by different mathematical formulations may belong to the same statistical group (cluster) and can thus be considered interchangeably.
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Agboola HA, Zaccheus JE. Wavelet image scattering based glaucoma detection. BMC Biomed Eng 2023; 5:1. [PMID: 36864533 PMCID: PMC9979468 DOI: 10.1186/s42490-023-00067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ever-growing need for cheap, simple, fast, and accurate healthcare solutions spurred a lot of research activities which are aimed at the reliable deployment of artificial intelligence in the medical fields. However, this has proved to be a daunting task especially when looking to make automated diagnoses using biomedical image data. Biomedical image data have complex patterns which human experts find very hard to comprehend. Against this backdrop, we applied a representation or feature learning algorithm: Invariant Scattering Convolution Network or Wavelet scattering Network to retinal fundus images and studied the the efficacy of the automatically extracted features therefrom for glaucoma diagnosis/detection. The influence of wavelet scattering network parameter settings as well as 2-D channel image type on the detection correctness is also examined. Our work is a distinct departure from the usual method where wavelet transform is applied to pre-processed retinal fundus images and handcrafted features are extracted from the decomposition results. Here, the RIM-ONE DL image dataset was fed into a wavelet scattering network developed in the Matlab environment to achieve a stage-wise decomposition process called wavelet scattering of the retinal fundus images thereby, automatically learning features from the images. These features were then used to build simple and computationally cheap classification algorithms. RESULTS Maximum detection correctness of 98% was achieved on the held-out test set. Detection correctness is highly sensitive to scattering network parameter setting and 2-D channel image type. CONCLUSION A superficial comparison of the classification results obtained from our work and those obtained using a convolutional neural network underscores the potentiality of the proposed method for glaucoma detection.
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247
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Zhou G, Low ZX, Feng S, Zhang F, Zhong Z, Xing W. Effect of relative humidity and dust moisture content on filtration performance of bag filter. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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248
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Stockmeier F, Stüwe L, Kneppeck C, Musholt S, Albert K, Linkhorst J, Wessling M. On the interaction of electroconvection at a membrane interface with the bulk flow in a spacer-filled feed channel. J Memb Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2023.121589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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249
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Mandal J, Sarkar S. Morphology and kinematics of a train of power-law droplets in a corrugated microchannel. Chem Eng Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2023.118691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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250
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Windes P, Tafti DK, Behkam B. A computational framework for investigating bacteria transport in microvasculature. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2023; 26:438-449. [PMID: 35486738 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2022.2066473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Blood-borne bacteria disseminate in tissue through microvasculature or capillaries. Capillary size, presence of red blood cells (RBCs), and bacteria motility affect bacteria intracapillary transport, an important yet largely unexplored phenomenon. Computational description of the system comprising interactions between plasma, RBCs, and motile bacteria in 5-10 μm diameter capillaries pose several challenges. The Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) was used to resolve the capillary, deformed RBCs, and bacteria. The challenge of disparate coupled time scales of flow and bacteria motion are reconciled by a temporal multiscale simulation method. Bacterium-wall and bacterium-RBC collisions were detected using a hierarchical contact- detection algorithm. Motile bacteria showed a net outward radial velocity of 2.8 µm/s compared to -0.5 µm/s inward for non-motile bacteria; thus, exhibiting a greater propensity to escape the bolus flow region between RBCs and marginate for potential extravasation, suggesting motility enhances extravasation of bacteria from capillaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Windes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Danesh K Tafti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Bahareh Behkam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.,School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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