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Ghiani L, Chiocca S. High Risk-Human Papillomavirus in HNSCC: Present and Future Challenges for Epigenetic Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3483. [PMID: 35408843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly heterogeneous group of tumors characterized by an incidence of 650,000 new cases and 350,000 deaths per year worldwide and a male to female ratio of 3:1. The main risk factors are alcohol and tobacco consumption and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections. HNSCC cases are divided into two subgroups, the HPV-negative (HPV−) and the HPV-positive (HPV+) which have different clinicopathological and molecular profiles. However, patients are still treated with the same therapeutic regimens. It is thus of utmost importance to characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying these differences to find new biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets towards personalized therapies. Epigenetic alterations are a hallmark of cancer and can be exploited as both promising biomarkers and potential new targets. E6 and E7 HPV oncoviral proteins besides targeting p53 and pRb, impair the expression and the activity of several epigenetic regulators. While alterations in DNA methylation patterns have been well described in HPV+ and HPV− HNSCC, accurate histone post-translational modifications (hPTMs) characterization is still missing. Herein, we aim to provide an updated overview on the impact of HPV on the hPTMs landscape in HNSCC. Moreover, we will also discuss the sex and gender bias in HNSCC and how the epigenetic machinery could be involved in this process, and the importance of taking into account sex and/or gender also in this field.
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De Herdt MJ, van der Steen B, Baatenburg de Jong RJ, Looijenga LHJ, Koljenović S, Hardillo JA. The Occurrence of MET Ectodomain Shedding in Oral Cancer and Its Potential Impact on the Use of Targeted Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061491. [PMID: 35326642 PMCID: PMC8946088 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Head and neck cancer is the sixth most common cancer type worldwide, comprising tumors of the upper aero/digestive tract. Approximately 50% of these cancers originate in the oral cavity. Depending on disease stage, oral cancer patients are treated with single-modality surgery, or in combination with radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. Despite advances in these modalities, the 5-year survival rate is merely 50%. Therefore, implementation of targeted therapies, directed against signaling molecules, has gained attention. One potential target is the MET protein, which can be present on the surface of cancer cells, orchestrating aggressive behavior. As cancer cells can shed the extracellular part of MET from their surface, it is important to identify for MET positive patients whether they possess the entire and/or only the intracellular part of the receptor to assess whether targeted therapies directed against the extracellular, intracellular, or both parts of MET need to be implemented. Abstract The receptor tyrosine kinase MET has gained attention as a therapeutic target. Although MET immunoreactivity is associated with progressive disease, use of targeted therapies has not yet led to major survival benefits. A possible explanation is the lack of companion diagnostics (CDx) that account for proteolytic processing. During presenilin-regulated intramembrane proteolysis, MET’s ectodomain is shed into the extracellular space, which is followed by γ-secretase-mediated cleavage of the residual membranous C-terminal fragment. The resulting intracellular fragment is degraded by the proteasome, leading to downregulation of MET signaling. Conversely, a membrane-bound MET fragment lacking the ectodomain (MET-EC-) can confer malignant potential. Use of C- and N-terminal MET monoclonal antibodies (moAbs) has illustrated that MET-EC- occurs in transmembranous C-terminal MET-positive oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Here, we propose that ectodomain shedding, resulting from G-protein-coupled receptor transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, and/or overexpression of ADAM10/17 and/or MET, stabilizes and possibly activates MET-EC- in OSCC. As MET-EC- is associated with poor prognosis in OSCC, it potentially has impact on the use of targeted therapies. Therefore, MET-EC- should be incorporated in the design of CDx to improve patient stratification and ultimately prolong survival. Hence, MET-EC- requires further investigation seen its oncogenic and predictive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. De Herdt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (B.v.d.S.); (R.J.B.d.J.); (J.A.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-10-7044490
| | - Berdine van der Steen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (B.v.d.S.); (R.J.B.d.J.); (J.A.H.)
| | - Robert J. Baatenburg de Jong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (B.v.d.S.); (R.J.B.d.J.); (J.A.H.)
| | - Leendert H. J. Looijenga
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Senada Koljenović
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium;
| | - Jose A. Hardillo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (B.v.d.S.); (R.J.B.d.J.); (J.A.H.)
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Kahindo CK, Mukuku O, Wembonyama SO, Tsongo ZK. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Acute Kidney Injury in Sub-Saharan African Adults: A Review of the Current Literature. Int J Nephrol 2022; 2022:5621665. [PMID: 35342649 PMCID: PMC8941586 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5621665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex condition that can occur in both community and hospital settings and has many aetiologies. These aetiologies may be infectious, toxic, surgical, or related to the different management methods. Although it is a major public health problem worldwide, it must be emphasised that both its incidence and mortality rate appear to be very high in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries compared to developed countries. The profile of AKI is very different from that of more developed countries. There are no reliable statistics on the incidence of AKI in SSA. Infections (malaria, HIV, diarrhoeal, and other diseases), nephrotoxins, and obstetric and surgical complications are the main aetiologies in Africa. The management of AKI is costly and associated with high rates of prolonged hospitalisation and in-hospital mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Kangitsi Kahindo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Goma, Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Clinique Internationnale de Medecine Avancee au Kivu, Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Olivier Mukuku
- Institut Supérieur des Techniques Médicales de Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Ko S, Kim M, Molina L, Sirica AE, Monga SP. YAP1 activation and Hippo pathway signaling in the pathogenesis and treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Adv Cancer Res 2022; 156:283-317. [PMID: 35961703 PMCID: PMC9972177 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), the second most common primary liver cancer, is a highly lethal epithelial cell malignancy exhibiting features of cholangiocyte differentiation. iCCAs can potentially develop from multiple cell types of origin within liver, including immature or mature cholangiocytes, hepatic stem cells/progenitor cells, and from transdifferentiation of hepatocytes. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and genetic drivers that diversely drive specific cell lineage pathways leading to iCCA has important biological and clinical implications. In this context, activation of the YAP1-TEAD dependent transcription, driven by Hippo-dependent or -independent diverse mechanisms that lead to the stabilization of YAP1 is crucially important to biliary fate commitment in hepatobiliary cancer. In preclinical models, YAP1 activation in hepatocytes or cholangiocytes is sufficient to drive their malignant transformation into iCCA. Moreover, nuclear YAP1/TAZ is highly prevalent in human iCCA irrespective of the varied etiology, and significantly correlates with poor prognosis in iCCA patients. Based on the ubiquitous expression and diverse physiologic roles for YAP1/TAZ in the liver, recent studies have further revealed distinct functions of active YAP1/TAZ in regulating tumor metabolism, as well as the tumor immune microenvironment. In the current review, we discuss our current understanding of the various roles of the Hippo-YAP1 signaling in iCCA pathogenesis, with a specific focus on the roles played by the Hippo-YAP1 pathway in modulating biliary commitment and oncogenicity, iCCA metabolism, and immune microenvironment. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting the YAP1/TAZ-TEAD transcriptional machinery in iCCA, its current limitations, and what future studies are needed to facilitate clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Ko
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
| | - Minwook Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Laura Molina
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Alphonse E Sirica
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Satdarshan P Monga
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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Abstract
Osteoporosis is a global public health problem, with fractures contributing to significant morbidity and mortality. Although postmenopausal osteoporosis is most common, up to 30% of postmenopausal women, > 50% of premenopausal women, and between 50% and 80% of men have secondary osteoporosis. Exclusion of secondary causes is important, as treatment of such patients often commences by treating the underlying condition. These are varied but often neglected, ranging from endocrine to chronic inflammatory and genetic conditions. General screening is recommended for all patients with osteoporosis, with advanced investigations reserved for premenopausal women and men aged < 50 years, for older patients in whom classical risk factors for osteoporosis are absent, and for all patients with the lowest bone mass (Z-score ≤ -2). The response of secondary osteoporosis to conventional anti-osteoporosis therapy may be inadequate if the underlying condition is unrecognized and untreated. Bone densitometry, using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, may underestimate fracture risk in some chronic diseases, including glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, and may overestimate fracture risk in others (eg, Turner syndrome). FRAX and trabecular bone score may provide additional information regarding fracture risk in secondary osteoporosis, but their use is limited to adults aged ≥ 40 years and ≥ 50 years, respectively. In addition, FRAX requires adjustment in some chronic conditions, such as glucocorticoid use, type 2 diabetes, and HIV. In most conditions, evidence for antiresorptive or anabolic therapy is limited to increases in bone mass. Current osteoporosis management guidelines also neglect secondary osteoporosis and these existing evidence gaps are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Hanh H Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Western Health, Victoria 3011, Australia
| | - Jasna Aleksova
- Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Amanda J Vincent
- Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Phillip Wong
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Frances Milat
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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Esqueda-elizondo JJ, Juárez-ramírez R, López-bonilla OR, García-guerrero EE, Galindo-aldana GM, Jiménez-beristáin L, Serrano-trujillo A, Tlelo-cuautle E, Inzunza-gonzález E. Attention Measurement of an Autism Spectrum Disorder User Using EEG Signals: A Case Study. MCA 2022; 27:21. [DOI: 10.3390/mca27020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental life condition characterized by problems with social interaction, low verbal and non-verbal communication skills, and repetitive and restricted behavior. People with ASD usually have variable attention levels because they have hypersensitivity and large amounts of environmental information are a problem for them. Attention is a process that occurs at the cognitive level and allows us to orient ourselves towards relevant stimuli, ignoring those that are not, and act accordingly. This paper presents a methodology based on electroencephalographic (EEG) signals for attention measurement in a 13-year-old boy diagnosed with ASD. The EEG signals are acquired with an Epoc+ Brain–Computer Interface (BCI) via the Emotiv Pro platform while developing several learning activities and using Matlab 2019a for signal processing. For this article, we propose to use electrodes F3, F4, P7, and P8. Then, we calculate the band power spectrum density to detect the Theta Relative Power (TRP), Alpha Relative Power (ARP), Beta Relative Power (BRP), Theta–Beta Ratio (TBR), Theta–Alpha Ratio (TAR), and Theta/(Alpha+Beta), which are features related to attention detection and neurofeedback. We train and evaluate several machine learning (ML) models with these features. In this study, the multi-layer perceptron neural network model (MLP-NN) has the best performance, with an AUC of 0.9299, Cohen’s Kappa coefficient of 0.8597, Matthews correlation coefficient of 0.8602, and Hamming loss of 0.0701. These findings make it possible to develop better learning scenarios according to the person’s needs with ASD. Moreover, it makes it possible to obtain quantifiable information on their progress to reinforce the perception of the teacher or therapist.
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207
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Morale MG, Tamura RE, Rubio IGS. Metformin and Cancer Hallmarks: Molecular Mechanisms in Thyroid, Prostate and Head and Neck Cancer Models. Biomolecules 2022; 12:357. [PMID: 35327549 PMCID: PMC8945547 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is the most used drug for type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Its antitumor activity has been described by clinical studies showing reduced risk of cancer development in T2DM patients, as well as management of T2DM compared with those receiving other glucose-lowering drugs. Metformin has a plethora of molecular actions in cancer cells. This review focused on in vitro data on the action mechanisms of metformin on thyroid, prostate and head and neck cancer. AMPK activation regulating specific downstream targets is a constant antineoplastic activity in different types of cancer; however, AMPK-independent mechanisms are also relevant. In vitro evidence makes it clear that depending on the type of tumor, metformin has different actions; its effects may be modulated by different cell conditions (for instance, presence of HPV infection), or it may regulate tissue-specific factors, such as the Na+/I− symporter (NIS) and androgen receptors. The hallmarks of cancer are a set of functional features acquired by the cell during malignant development. In vitro studies show that metformin regulates almost all the hallmarks of cancer. Interestingly, metformin is one of these therapeutic agents with the potential to synergize with other chemotherapeutic agents, with low cost, low side effects and high positive consequences. Some questions are still challenging: Are metformin in vitro data able to translate from bench to bedside? Does metformin affect drug resistance? Can metformin be used as a generic anticancer drug for all types of tumors? Which are the specific actions of metformin on the peculiarities of each type of cancer? Several clinical trials are in progress or have been concluded for repurposing metformin as an anticancer drug. The continuous efforts in the field and future in vitro studies will be essential to corroborate clinical trials results and to elucidate the raised questions.
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208
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Cegla P, Currie G, Wróblewska JP, Cholewiński W, Kaźmierska J, Marszałek A, Kubiak A, Golusinski P, Golusiński W, Majchrzak E. Influence of Semiquantitative [18F]FDG PET and Hematological Parameters on Survival in HNSCC Patients Using Neural Network Analysis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020224. [PMID: 35215335 PMCID: PMC8875232 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the influence of semiquantitative PET-derived parameters as well as hematological parameters in overall survival in HNSCC patients using neural network analysis. Retrospective analysis was performed on 106 previously untreated HNSCC patients. Several PET-derived parameters (SUVmax, SUVmean, TotalSUV, MTV, TLG, TLRmax, TLRmean, TLRTLG, and HI) for primary tumor and lymph node with highest activity were assessed. Additionally, hematological parameters (LEU, LEU%, NEU, NEU%, MON, MON%, PLT, PLT%, NRL, and LMR) were also assessed. Patients were divided according to the diagnosis into the good and bad group. The data were evaluated using an artificial neural network (Neural Analyzer version 2.9.5) and conventional statistic. Statistically significant differences in PET-derived parameters in 5-year survival rate between group of patients with worse prognosis and good prognosis were shown in primary tumor SUVmax (10.0 vs. 7.7; p = 0.040), SUVmean (5.4 vs. 4.4; p = 0.047), MTV (23.2 vs. 14.5; p = 0.010), and TLG (155.0 vs. 87.5; p = 0.05), and mean liver TLG (27.8 vs. 30.4; p = 0.031), TLRmax (3.8 vs. 2.6; p = 0.019), TLRmean (2.8 vs. 1.9; p = 0.018), and in TLRTLG (5.6 vs. 2.3; p = 0.042). From hematological parameters, only LMR showed significant differences (2.5 vs. 3.2; p = 0.009). Final neural network showed that for ages above 60, primary tumors SUVmax, TotalSUV, MTV, TLG, TLRmax, and TLRmean over (9.7, 2255, 20.6, 145, 3.6, 2.6, respectively) are associated with worse survival. Our study shows that the neural network could serve as a supplement to PET-derived parameters and is helpful in finding prognostic parameters for overall survival in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Cegla
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Greater Poland Cancer Center, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Geoffrey Currie
- School of Dentistry and Health Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga 2678, Australia;
| | - Joanna P. Wróblewska
- Department of Oncologic Pathology and Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (J.P.W.); (A.M.)
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Witold Cholewiński
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Greater Poland Cancer Center, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Electroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Science, 61-701 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Joanna Kaźmierska
- Department of Electroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Science, 61-701 Poznan, Poland;
- 2nd Radiotherapy Department, Greater Poland Cancer Center, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Marszałek
- Department of Oncologic Pathology and Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (J.P.W.); (A.M.)
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Kubiak
- Greater Poland Cancer Registry, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Pawel Golusinski
- Department of Otolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Zielona Gora, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Golusiński
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Greater Poland Cancer Center, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (W.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Ewa Majchrzak
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Greater Poland Cancer Center, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (W.G.); (E.M.)
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Gill RPK, Gantchev J, Martínez Villarreal A, Ramchatesingh B, Netchiporouk E, Akilov OE, Ødum N, Gniadecki R, Koralov SB, Litvinov IV. Understanding Cell Lines, Patient-Derived Xenograft and Genetically Engineered Mouse Models Used to Study Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040593. [PMID: 35203244 PMCID: PMC8870189 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a spectrum of lymphoproliferative disorders caused by the infiltration of malignant T cells into the skin. The most common variants of CTCL include mycosis fungoides (MF), Sézary syndrome (SS) and CD30+ Lymphoproliferative disorders (CD30+ LPDs). CD30+ LPDs include primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (pcALCL), lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) and borderline CD30+ LPD. The frequency of MF, SS and CD30+ LPDs is ~40–50%, <5% and ~10–25%, respectively. Despite recent advances, CTCL remains challenging to diagnose. The mechanism of CTCL carcinogenesis still remains to be fully elucidated. Hence, experiments in patient-derived cell lines and xenografts/genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) are critical to advance our understanding of disease pathogenesis. To enable this, understanding the intricacies and limitations of each individual model system is highly important. Presently, 11 immortalized patient-derived cell lines and different xenograft/GEMMs are being used to study the pathogenesis of CTCL and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of various treatment modalities prior to clinical trials. Gene expression studies, and the karyotyping analyses of cell lines demonstrated that the molecular profile of SeAx, Sez4, SZ4, H9 and Hut78 is consistent with SS origin; MyLa and HH resemble the molecular profile of advanced MF, while Mac2A and PB2B represent CD30+ LPDs. Molecular analysis of the other two frequently used Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus-1 (HTLV-1)+ cell lines, MJ and Hut102, were found to have characteristics of Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL). Studies in mouse models demonstrated that xenograft tumors could be grown using MyLa, HH, H9, Hut78, PB2B and SZ4 cells in NSG (NOD Scid gamma mouse) mice, while several additional experimental GEMMs were established to study the pathogenesis, effect of drugs and inflammatory cytokines in CTCL. The current review summarizes cell lines and xenograft/GEMMs used to study and understand the etiology and heterogeneity of CTCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Preet Kaur Gill
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (R.P.K.G.); (J.G.); (A.M.V.); (B.R.); (E.N.)
| | - Jennifer Gantchev
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (R.P.K.G.); (J.G.); (A.M.V.); (B.R.); (E.N.)
| | - Amelia Martínez Villarreal
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (R.P.K.G.); (J.G.); (A.M.V.); (B.R.); (E.N.)
| | - Brandon Ramchatesingh
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (R.P.K.G.); (J.G.); (A.M.V.); (B.R.); (E.N.)
| | - Elena Netchiporouk
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (R.P.K.G.); (J.G.); (A.M.V.); (B.R.); (E.N.)
| | - Oleg E. Akilov
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - Niels Ødum
- Division of Dermatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada;
| | - Robert Gniadecki
- Skin Immunology Research Center, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Sergei B. Koralov
- Department of Pathology, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA;
| | - Ivan V. Litvinov
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (R.P.K.G.); (J.G.); (A.M.V.); (B.R.); (E.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +514-934-1934 (ext. 76140); Fax: +514-843-1570
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Allison M, Mathews J, Gilliland T, Mathew SO. Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Immunotherapy for Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:843. [PMID: 35159109 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Conventional therapies such as chemotherapy and radiation in leukemia increase infection susceptibility, adverse side effects and immune cell inactivation. Natural killer (NK) cells are the first line of defense against cancer and are critical in the recognition and cytolysis of rapidly dividing and abnormal cell populations. In this review, we describe NK cells and NK cell receptors, functional impairment of NK cells in leukemia, NK cell immunotherapies currently under investigation including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), adoptive transfer, chimeric antigen receptor-NKs (CAR-NKs), bi-specific/tri-specific killer engagers (BiKEs/TriKEs) and potential targets of NK cell-mediated immunotherapy for leukemia in the future. Abstract Leukemia is a malignancy of the bone marrow and blood resulting from the abnormal differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). There are four main types of leukemia including acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). While chemotherapy and radiation have been conventional forms of treatment for leukemia, these therapies increase infection susceptibility, adverse side effects and immune cell inactivation. Immunotherapies are becoming promising treatment options for leukemia, with natural killer (NK) cell-mediated therapy providing a specific direction of interest. The role of NK cells is critical for cancer cell elimination as these immune cells are the first line of defense against cancer proliferation and are involved in both recognition and cytolysis of rapidly dividing and abnormal cell populations. NK cells possess various activating and inhibitory receptors, which regulate NK cell function, signaling either inhibition and continued surveillance, or activation and subsequent cytotoxic activity. In this review, we describe NK cells and NK cell receptors, functional impairment of NK cells in leukemia, NK cell immunotherapies currently under investigation, including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), adoptive transfer, chimeric antigen receptor-NKs (CAR-NKs), bi-specific/tri-specific killer engagers (BiKEs/TriKEs) and future potential targets of NK cell-based immunotherapy for leukemia.
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Starska-Kowarska K. Dietary Carotenoids in Head and Neck Cancer-Molecular and Clinical Implications. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030531. [PMID: 35276890 PMCID: PMC8838110 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is one of the most common cancers in the world according to GLOBCAN. In 2018, it was reported that HNC accounts for approximately 3% of all human cancers (51,540 new cases) and is the cause of nearly 1.5% of all cancer deaths (10,030 deaths). Despite great advances in treatment, HNC is indicated as a leading cause of death worldwide. In addition to having a positive impact on general health, a diet rich in carotenoids can regulate stages in the course of carcinogenesis; indeed, strong epidemiological associations exist between dietary carotenoids and HNS, and it is presumed that diets with carotenoids can even reduce cancer risk. They have also been proposed as potential chemotherapeutic agents and substances used in chemoprevention of HNC. The present review discusses the links between dietary carotenoids and HNC. It examines the prospective anticancer effect of dietary carotenoids against intracellular cell signalling and mechanisms, oxidative stress regulation, as well as their impact on apoptosis, cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and chemoprevention; it also provides an overview of the limited preclinical and clinical research published in this arena. Recent epidemiological, key opinion-forming systematic reviews, cross-sectional, longitudinal, prospective, and interventional studies based on in vitro and animal models of HNC also indicate that high carotenoid content obtained from daily supplementation has positive effects on the initiation, promotion, and progression of HNC. This article presents these results according to their increasing clinical credibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Starska-Kowarska
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Żeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland; ; Tel.: +48-604-541-412
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, EnelMed Center Expert, Lodz, Drewnowska 58, 91-001 Lodz, Poland
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212
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Lu L, Cole A, Huang D, Wang Q, Guo Z, Yang W, Lu J. Clinical Significance of Hepsin and Underlying Signaling Pathways in Prostate Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020203. [PMID: 35204704 PMCID: PMC8961580 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepsin gene encodes a type II transmembrane serine protease. Previous studies have shown the overexpression of hepsin in prostate cancer, and the dysregulation of hepsin promotes cancer cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. The review incorporated with our work showed that hepsin expression levels were specifically increased in prostate cancer, and higher expression in metastatic tumors than in primary tumors was also observed. Moreover, increased expression was associated with poor outcomes for patients with prostate cancer. Using in silico protein–protein interaction prediction, mechanistic analysis showed that hepsin interacted with eight other oncogenic proteins, whose expression was significantly correlated with hepsin expression in prostate cancer. The oncogenic functions of hepsin are mainly linked to proteolytic activities that disrupt epithelial integrity and regulatorily interact with other genes to influence cell-proliferation, EMT/metastasis, inflammatory, and tyrosine-kinase-signaling pathways. Moreover, genomic amplifications of hepsin, not deletions or other alterations, were significantly associated with prostate cancer metastasis. Targeting hepsin using a specific inhibitor or antibodies significantly attenuates its oncogenic behaviors. Therefore, hepsin could be a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Lu
- GoPath Laboratories, Buffalo Grove, IL 60089, USA; (L.L.); (D.H.); (Q.W.); (Z.G.)
| | - Adam Cole
- TruCore Pathology, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA;
| | - Dan Huang
- GoPath Laboratories, Buffalo Grove, IL 60089, USA; (L.L.); (D.H.); (Q.W.); (Z.G.)
| | - Qiang Wang
- GoPath Laboratories, Buffalo Grove, IL 60089, USA; (L.L.); (D.H.); (Q.W.); (Z.G.)
| | - Zhongming Guo
- GoPath Laboratories, Buffalo Grove, IL 60089, USA; (L.L.); (D.H.); (Q.W.); (Z.G.)
| | - Wancai Yang
- GoPath Laboratories, Buffalo Grove, IL 60089, USA; (L.L.); (D.H.); (Q.W.); (Z.G.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (J.L.)
| | - Jim Lu
- GoPath Laboratories, Buffalo Grove, IL 60089, USA; (L.L.); (D.H.); (Q.W.); (Z.G.)
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (J.L.)
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213
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Han K, Joung JF, Han M, Sung W, Kang YN. Locoregional Recurrence Prediction Using a Deep Neural Network of Radiological and Radiotherapy Images. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020143. [PMID: 35207631 PMCID: PMC8875706 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is an important and potentially curative modality for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Locoregional recurrence (LR) of HNSCC after RT is ranging from 15% to 50% depending on the primary site and stage. In addition, the 5-year survival rate of patients with LR is low. To classify high-risk patients who might develop LR, a deep learning model for predicting LR needs to be established. In this work, 157 patients with HNSCC who underwent RT were analyzed. Based on the National Cancer Institute’s multi-institutional TCIA data set containing FDG-PET/CT/dose, a 3D deep learning model was proposed to predict LR without time-consuming segmentation or feature extraction. Our model achieved an averaged area under the curve (AUC) of 0.856. Adding clinical factors into the model improved the AUC to an average of 0.892 with the highest AUC of up to 0.974. The 3D deep learning model could perform individualized risk quantification of LR in patients with HNSCC without time-consuming tumor segmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyumin Han
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
- Advanced Institute for Radiation Fusion Medical Technology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Joonyoung Francis Joung
- Department of Chemistry and Research, Institute for Natural Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (J.F.J.); (M.H.)
| | - Minhi Han
- Department of Chemistry and Research, Institute for Natural Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (J.F.J.); (M.H.)
| | - Wonmo Sung
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Correspondence: (W.S.); (Y.-n.K.)
| | - Young-nam Kang
- Advanced Institute for Radiation Fusion Medical Technology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Correspondence: (W.S.); (Y.-n.K.)
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214
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Jagomast T, Idel C, Klapper L, Kuppler P, Offermann A, Dreyer E, Bruchhage K, Ribbat-idel J, Perner S. CDK7 Predicts Worse Outcome in Head and Neck Squamous-Cell Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:492. [PMID: 35158760 PMCID: PMC8833595 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
HNSCC is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the prognosis is still poor. Here, we investigated the prognostic implications of CDK7 and pMED1. Both proteins affect transcription, and their expression is altered throughout different tumor entities. pMED1 is phosphorylated by CDK7. Importantly, CDK7 and MED1 have been ascribed prognostic implications by various studies. However, their prognostic value in head and neck squamous-cell cancer (HNSCC) remains elusive. We applied immunohistochemical staining of CDK7 and pMED1 on our large and clinically well-characterized HNSCC tissue cohort comprising 419 patients. Software-aided quantification of staining intensity was performed as a measure of protein expression. The following results were linked to the clinicopathological features of our cohort and correlated in different tissue types (primary tumor, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, recurrence). Upregulation CDK7 was associated with worse 5-year overall survival as well as disease-free survival in HNSCC while being independent of other known prognostic factors such as p16-status. Also, CDK7 expression was significantly elevated in immune cell infiltrated tumors. In HNSCC CDK7 might serve as a novel prognostic marker to indicate the prognosis of patients. Furthermore, in vitro studies proved the feasibility of CDK7 inhibition with attenuating effects on cell proliferation underlining its remarkable translational potential for future therapeutic regimes.
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215
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Zhang B, Li X, Yin T, Qin D, Chen Y, Ma Q, Shu P, Wang Y, Marchetti C. Neurotoxicity of Tumor Immunotherapy: The Emergence of Clinical Attention. Journal of Oncology 2022; 2022:1-12. [PMID: 35087588 PMCID: PMC8789457 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4259205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy brings substantial and long-term clinical benefits that can even cure tumors. However, the accumulation of evidence suggests that immunotherapy also induces severe and complex neurologic immune-related adverse events (ir-AEs) and even leads to immunotherapy-related death, which arouses the concern of clinicians. The timely and accurate identification of neurotoxicity helps clinicians detect and treat these complications early, thereby enhancing treatment efficiency and improving the prognosis of patients. At present, the mechanism of neurotoxicity caused by immunotherapy has not been completely elucidated. This paper mainly reviews the clinical features, pathogenesis, and therapeutic strategies of neurologic ir-AEs.
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216
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Zauner R, Wimmer M, Dorfer S, Ablinger M, Koller U, Piñón Hofbauer J, Guttmann-Gruber C, Bauer JW, Wally V. Transcriptome-Guided Drug Repurposing for Aggressive SCCs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23021007. [PMID: 35055192 PMCID: PMC8780441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23021007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a significant rise in the incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in recent years, most SCCs are well treatable. However, against the background of pre-existing risk factors such as immunosuppression upon organ transplantation, or conditions such as recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB), SCCs arise more frequently and follow a particularly aggressive course. Notably, such SCC types display molecular similarities, despite their differing etiologies. We leveraged the similarities in transcriptomes between tumors from organ transplant recipients and RDEB-patients, augmented with data from more common head and neck (HN)-SCCs, to identify drugs that can be repurposed to treat these SCCs. The in silico approach used is based on the assumption that SCC-derived transcriptome profiles reflect critical tumor pathways that, if reversed towards healthy tissue, will attenuate the malignant phenotype. We determined tumor-specific signatures based on differentially expressed genes, which were then used to mine drug-perturbation data. By leveraging recent efforts in the systematic profiling and cataloguing of thousands of small molecule compounds, we identified drugs including selumetinib that specifically target key molecules within the MEK signaling cascade, representing candidates with the potential to be effective in the treatment of these rare and aggressive SCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Zauner
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.W.); (S.D.); (M.A.); (U.K.); (J.P.H.); (C.G.-G.); (J.W.B.); (V.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Monika Wimmer
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.W.); (S.D.); (M.A.); (U.K.); (J.P.H.); (C.G.-G.); (J.W.B.); (V.W.)
| | - Sonja Dorfer
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.W.); (S.D.); (M.A.); (U.K.); (J.P.H.); (C.G.-G.); (J.W.B.); (V.W.)
| | - Michael Ablinger
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.W.); (S.D.); (M.A.); (U.K.); (J.P.H.); (C.G.-G.); (J.W.B.); (V.W.)
| | - Ulrich Koller
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.W.); (S.D.); (M.A.); (U.K.); (J.P.H.); (C.G.-G.); (J.W.B.); (V.W.)
| | - Josefina Piñón Hofbauer
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.W.); (S.D.); (M.A.); (U.K.); (J.P.H.); (C.G.-G.); (J.W.B.); (V.W.)
| | - Christina Guttmann-Gruber
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.W.); (S.D.); (M.A.); (U.K.); (J.P.H.); (C.G.-G.); (J.W.B.); (V.W.)
| | - Johann W. Bauer
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.W.); (S.D.); (M.A.); (U.K.); (J.P.H.); (C.G.-G.); (J.W.B.); (V.W.)
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Verena Wally
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.W.); (S.D.); (M.A.); (U.K.); (J.P.H.); (C.G.-G.); (J.W.B.); (V.W.)
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217
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Wang Z, Yi C, Chen K, Wang T, Deng K, Jin C, Hao G. Enhancing monoamine oxidase B inhibitory activity via chiral fluorination: Structure-activity relationship, biological evaluation, and molecular docking study. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 228:114025. [PMID: 34871839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease among the elderly. Currently, monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors are extensively used for PD in clinics. In this work, a series of novel chiral fluorinated pyrrolidine derivatives were designed and synthesized. In vitro biological evaluations revealed that compound D5 was the most potent, selective MAO-B inhibitor (IC50 = 0.019 μM, MAO-A/MAO-B selectivity index = 2440), which was 10-fold than that of miracle drug safinamide (IC50 = 0.163 μM, MAO-A/MAO-B selectivity index = 172). It was verified that the enhanced hydrophobic interaction of D5 improved the activity against MAO-B in molecular docking study. Besides, D5 exhibited excellent metabolic properties and pharmacokinetic profiles in monkeys and rats. Moreover, D5 displayed more efficacious than safinamide in vivo models. In the MPTP-induced PD mouse model, D5 significantly alleviated DA deficits and increased the effect of levodopa on dopamine concentration in the striatum. Meanwhile, D5 produced a prominent reduction in tremulous jaw movements induced by galantamine. Accordingly, we present D5 as a novel, highly potent, and selective MAO-B inhibitor for PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Chao Yi
- Sunshine Lake Pharma Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, 518000, China; HEC Pharm Group, HEC Research and Development Center, Dongguan, 523871, China
| | - Kangzhi Chen
- Sunshine Lake Pharma Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, 518000, China; HEC Pharm Group, HEC Research and Development Center, Dongguan, 523871, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Sunshine Lake Pharma Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, 518000, China; HEC Pharm Group, HEC Research and Development Center, Dongguan, 523871, China
| | - Kang Deng
- Sunshine Lake Pharma Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, 518000, China; HEC Pharm Group, HEC Research and Development Center, Dongguan, 523871, China
| | - Chuanfei Jin
- Sunshine Lake Pharma Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, 518000, China; HEC Pharm Group, HEC Research and Development Center, Dongguan, 523871, China.
| | - Gefei Hao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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218
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Boschert V, Teusch J, Müller-Richter UDA, Brands RC, Hartmann S. PKM2 Modulation in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:775. [PMID: 35054968 PMCID: PMC8775697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The enzyme pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) plays a major role in the switch of tumor cells from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis, one of the hallmarks of cancer. Different allosteric inhibitors or activators and several posttranslational modifications regulate its activity. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common disease with a high rate of recurrence. To find out more about PKM2 and its modulation in HNSCC, we examined a panel of HNSCC cells using real-time cell metabolic analysis and Western blotting with an emphasis on phosphorylation variant Tyr105 and two reagents known to impair PKM2 activity. Our results show that in HNSCC, PKM2 is commonly phosphorylated at Tyrosine 105. Its levels depended on tyrosine kinase activity, emphasizing the importance of growth factors such as EGF (epidermal growth factor) on HNSCC metabolism. Furthermore, its correlation with the expression of CD44 indicates a role in cancer stemness. Cells generally reacted with higher glycolysis to PKM2 activator DASA-58 and lower glycolysis to PKM2 inhibitor Compound 3k, but some were more susceptible to activation and others to inhibition. Our findings emphasize the need to further investigate the role of PKM2 in HNSCC, as it could aid understanding and treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Boschert
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany; (J.T.); (U.D.A.M.-R.); (R.C.B.); (S.H.)
| | - Jonas Teusch
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany; (J.T.); (U.D.A.M.-R.); (R.C.B.); (S.H.)
| | - Urs D. A. Müller-Richter
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany; (J.T.); (U.D.A.M.-R.); (R.C.B.); (S.H.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roman C. Brands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany; (J.T.); (U.D.A.M.-R.); (R.C.B.); (S.H.)
| | - Stefan Hartmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany; (J.T.); (U.D.A.M.-R.); (R.C.B.); (S.H.)
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219
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Ryan L, Maharjan J, Mataraso S, Barnes G, Hoffman J, Mao Q, Calvert J, Das R. Predicting pulmonary embolism among hospitalized patients with machine learning algorithms. Pulm Circ 2022; 12:e12013. [PMID: 35506114 PMCID: PMC9052977 DOI: 10.1002/pul2.12013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Objective Materials and Methods Results Conclusions
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220
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Ferraguti G, Terracina S, Petrella C, Greco A, Minni A, Lucarelli M, Agostinelli E, Ralli M, de Vincentiis M, Raponi G, Polimeni A, Ceccanti M, Caronti B, Di Certo MG, Barbato C, Mattia A, Tarani L, Fiore M. Alcohol and Head and Neck Cancer: Updates on the Role of Oxidative Stress, Genetic, Epigenetics, Oral Microbiota, Antioxidants, and Alkylating Agents. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:145. [PMID: 35052649 PMCID: PMC8773066 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) concerns more than 890,000 patients worldwide annually and is associated with the advanced stage at presentation and heavy outcomes. Alcohol drinking, together with tobacco smoking, and human papillomavirus infection are the main recognized risk factors. The tumorigenesis of HNC represents an intricate sequential process that implicates a gradual acquisition of genetic and epigenetics alterations targeting crucial pathways regulating cell growth, motility, and stromal interactions. Tumor microenvironment and growth factors also play a major role in HNC. Alcohol toxicity is caused both directly by ethanol and indirectly by its metabolic products, with the involvement of the oral microbiota and oxidative stress; alcohol might enhance the exposure of epithelial cells to carcinogens, causing epigenetic modifications, DNA damage, and inaccurate DNA repair with the formation of DNA adducts. Long-term markers of alcohol consumption, especially those detected in the hair, may provide crucial information on the real alcohol drinking of HNC patients. Strategies for prevention could include food supplements as polyphenols, and alkylating drugs as therapy that play a key role in HNC management. Indeed, polyphenols throughout their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions may counteract or limit the toxic effect of alcohol whereas alkylating agents inhibiting cancer cells’ growth could reduce the carcinogenic damage induced by alcohol. Despite the established association between alcohol and HNC, a concerning pattern of alcohol consumption in survivors of HNC has been shown. It is of primary importance to increase the awareness of cancer risks associated with alcohol consumption, both in oncologic patients and the general population, to provide advice for reducing HNC prevalence and complications.
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221
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Erez O, Othman M, Rabinovich A, Leron E, Gotsch F, Thachil J. DIC in Pregnancy - Pathophysiology, Clinical Characteristics, Diagnostic Scores, and Treatments. J Blood Med 2022; 13:21-44. [PMID: 35023983 PMCID: PMC8747805 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s273047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstetrical hemorrhage and especially DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation) is a leading cause for maternal mortality across the globe, often secondary to underlying maternal and/or fetal complications including placental abruption, amniotic fluid embolism, HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets), retained stillbirth and acute fatty liver of pregnancy. Various obstetrical disorders can present with DIC as a complication; thus, increased awareness is key to diagnosing the condition. DIC patients can present to clinicians who may not be experienced in a variety of aspects of thrombosis and hemostasis. Hence, DIC diagnosis is often only entertained when the patient already developed uncontrollable bleeding or multi-organ failure, all of which represent unsalvageable scenarios. Beyond the clinical presentations, the main issue with DIC diagnosis is in relation to coagulation test abnormalities. It is widely believed that in DIC, patients will have prolonged prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT), thrombocytopenia, low fibrinogen, and raised D-dimers. Diagnosis of DIC can be elusive during pregnancy and requires vigilance and knowledge of the physiologic changes during pregnancy. It can be facilitated by using a pregnancy specific DIC score including three components: 1) fibrinogen concentrations; 2) the PT difference - relating to the difference in PT result between the patient's plasma and the laboratory control; and 3) platelet count. At a cutoff of ≥26 points, the pregnancy specific DIC score has 88% sensitivity, 96% specificity, a positive likelihood ratio (LR) of 22, and a negative LR of 0.125. Management of DIC during pregnancy requires a prompt attention to the underlying condition leading to this complication, including the delivery of the patient, and correction of the hemostatic problem that can be guided by point of care testing adjusted for pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Offer Erez
- Maternity Department “D”, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Maha Othman
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Anat Rabinovich
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit, Hematology Institute, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Elad Leron
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Francesca Gotsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, AOUI Verona, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Jecko Thachil
- Department of Haematology, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
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222
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Park SY, Kang SY, Song WJ, Kim JH. Evolving Concept of Severe Asthma: Transition From Diagnosis to Treatable Traits. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2022; 14:447-464. [PMID: 36174989 PMCID: PMC9523415 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2022.14.5.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, the concept of severe asthma has evolved from an umbrella term encompassing patients with high-intensity treatment needs to a clinical syndrome with heterogeneous, albeit distinct, pathophysiological processes. Biased and unbiased cluster approaches have been used to identify several clinical phenotypes. In parallel, cellular and molecular approaches allow for the development of biological therapies, especially targeting type 2 (T2) cytokine pathways. Although T2-biologics have significantly improved clinical outcomes for patients with severe asthma in real-world practice, questions on the proper use of biologics remain open. Furthermore, a subset of severe asthma patients remains poorly controlled. The unmet needs require a new approach. The “treatable traits” concept has been suggested to address a diversity of pathophysiological factors in severe asthma and overcome the limitations of existing treatment strategies. With a tailored therapy that targets the treatable traits in individual patients, better personalized medical care and outcomes should be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Medical Center, Gwangmyeong, Korea
| | - Sung-Yoon Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Woo-Jung Song
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo-Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
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223
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Song WJ, Yu CJ, Kang SH. Cough Characteristics and Healthcare Journeys of Chronic Cough Patients in Community-Based Populations in South Korea and Taiwan. Lung 2022; 200:725-736. [PMID: 36329168 PMCID: PMC9675671 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-022-00586-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to understand the cough characteristics and health journeys among community-based chronic cough (CC) patients, and their characteristics associated with healthcare visits. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020, using the South Korea and Taiwan National Health and Wellness Survey (NHWS) and CC surveys. Patients with current CC were defined by daily coughing for > 8 weeks in the past 12 months and currently coughing at the time of survey. The survey items pertained to CC patients' treatment journey and cough characteristics. RESULTS Patients with current CC in South Korea and Taiwan, respectively, had cough duration for 3.45 ± 5.13 years and 5.75 ± 7.28 years and cough severity visual analogue scale (VAS) scores of 4.50 ± 2.15 and 4.46 ± 1.92 out of 0-10 scale, with 70.3% and 57.9% having spoken with a physician about cough. Compared to CC patients who had not visited healthcare professionals for cough, those who visited reported more severe cough (VAS: 3.89 ± 1.71 vs. 4.6 ± 2.02; p = 0.009), worse cough-specific quality of life (Leicester Cough Questionnaire: 16.20 ± 3.23 vs.13.45 ± 2.68, p < 0.001), greater symptom severity (Hull Airway Reflux Questionnaire: 16.73 ± 15.16 vs. 24.57 ± 13.38; p < 0.001), and more urinary incontinence (13.6 vs. 26.5%, p = 0.027). More than 50% of patients perceived cough medication(s) as not or a little useful and 25% felt their physicians did not well understand how CC impacts their life. CONCLUSION Cough is frequently severe and persistent among community-based CC patients. They experience several issues in their health journey, including treatment ineffectiveness and physician's understanding. Further efforts are warranted to reduce CC burden in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jung Song
- grid.267370.70000 0004 0533 4667Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chong-Jen Yu
- grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Department of Internal Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Suk Hyun Kang
- grid.497677.c0000000406477176Market Access, MSD, Seoul, Korea
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224
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Zhang B, Yuan Y, Xin J, Chen M, Wang Z, Li X, Xue T. Study of Water- and Organic-Soluble Extracts from Trichosanthes on Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2022; 2022:3250016. [PMID: 35224106 PMCID: PMC8872669 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3250016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of the water-soluble and organic-soluble Trichosanthes extracts on the hyperglycemic condition in streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats. The blood glucose levels, body weights, water intake, and urine volumes of rats in different experimental groups were monitored throughout the experiment, and the results obtained indicate that the two extracts can effectively reduce blood sugar levels, increase body weights, and improve water intake and urine volumes in diabetic rats. Based on blood biochemical analyses, the two extracts play an important role in regulating the diabetes-induced lipid metabolism disorder, increasing the levels of insulin and C-peptide, and alleviating the symptoms of diabetes. The variation in the liver glycogen contents of the water-soluble fraction and ethanol fraction groups suggests that the mechanisms underlying the hypoglycemic effects of the two extracts are different. Indeed, the water-soluble fraction alleviates diabetes symptoms in rats mainly by antioxidative activity, unlike the ethanol fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Yanli Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Xin
- College of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong, China
- Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xinpeng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Xue
- College of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong, China
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225
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Stojković M. Thyroid function disorders. Arhiv za farmaciju 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/arhfarm72-39952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid function disorders are the most common endocrine disorders in humans. They are frequently diagnosed, with prevalence varying between 2 and 6%, and a female to male ratio of up to 10:1. Disorders of thyroid function in the narrower sense are presented by its hyperactivity or underactivity, although there are conditions that lead to an increased concentration of thyroid hormones, without its increased activity. In iodine-sufficient regions, the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, as well as hypothyroidism, is an autoimmune disease of the thyroid. For hyperthyroidism, it is Graves' disease, with typical symptoms and signs of hypermetabolism. The diagnosis of hyperthyroidism is based on suppressed TSH and elevated fT4 (free, and in the differential diagnosis, elevated TSH-receptor-antibodies are crucial for Graves' disease. Management of Graves' disease relies on three equally potent approaches: medical therapy, ablative treatments with 131I-radiotherapy-RAI, and thyroidectomy. Hashimoto's thyroiditis is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in iodine-sufficient regions. Symptoms and signs of hypothyroidism are non-specific and correspond to the symptoms and signs of hypometabolism. The diagnosis is made based on elevated TSH with decreased fT4. Thyroxine-peroxidaseantibodies and thyroglobuline-antibodies are important in differential diagnosis. Sometimes elevated TRAb is found in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The treatment of hypothyroidism is levothyroxine replacement therapy.
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226
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Liu YJ, Miao HB, Lin S, Chen Z. Association between rheumatoid arthritis and thyroid dysfunction: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1015516. [PMID: 36313752 PMCID: PMC9608862 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1015516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder. Multiple studies have investigated the risk of thyroid dysfunction in patients with RA but have reached conflicting conclusions. This systematic review aimed to determine whether patients with RA are at higher risk of thyroid dysfunction. METHODS We comprehensively reviewed online literature databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, from their respective inception dates to March 25, 2022. Studies that provided data on at least one case of thyroid dysfunction in RA patients and their controls were included. Based on these data, we calculated pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for thyroid dysfunction in RA and non-RA patients. RESULTS Twenty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria, involving a total of 35,708 patients with RA. The meta-analysis showed that, compared with non-RA patients, RA patients had an increased risk of developing thyroid dysfunction, particularly hypothyroidism (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.78-2.84). Subgroup analysis suggested that study type and sample source of control group were the source of heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS Patients with RA are at increased risk of developing thyroid dysfunction, especially hypothyroidism. Routine biochemical examination of thyroid function in RA patients should be strengthened. Larger prospective studies are needed to explore the causal relationship between RA and thyroid dysfunction, and to investigate the impact of thyroid dysfunction on RA disease activity, drug efficacy, and medication safety. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022331142.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-jing Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Hai-bing Miao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- Group of Neuroendocrinology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Shu Lin, ; Zhen Chen,
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shu Lin, ; Zhen Chen,
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227
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Yu Y, Luo H, Zhen M, Ren J. Comparison of clinical characteristics and mortality risk between patients with cholangiocarcinoma: A retrospective cohort study. Front Surg 2022; 9:1037310. [PMID: 36873806 PMCID: PMC9975750 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.1037310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is primary liver cancer originating from the biliary tract. The epidemiology of CCA is diverse across the globe. There are no reliably effective options for systemic therapy and CCA outcomes are poor. Herein, we examined the association between overall survival and clinical characteristics of CCA patients in our region. Methods We included 62 CCA cases diagnosed between 2015 and 2019. Demographics, clinical history, therapeutic procedures, and concomitant diseases were abstracted. Patient survival was obtained from a household registration system. Results The cohort was 69% male and 31% female, with 26 (42%) iCCA, 27 (44%) pCCA, and 9 (15%) dCCA. No age differences were observed between the three subtypes. Bile duct and metabolic disorders were the major concomitant diseases and showed varying associations with CCA subgroups. Serum triglycerides (TG) were higher in pCCA and dCCA than iCCA patients (p < 0.05), and TG and total cholesterol (TC) were highest among pCCA patients with cholelithiasis. Liver function appeared significant difference between iCCA, pCCA and dCCA subtypes (p < 0.01), and also in the subgroups without cholelithiasis (p < 0.01). The obstructive jaundice in pCCA patients was associated with survival time after surgery, and the presence of cholelithiasis was also another influential factor. Conclusion We found that pCCA was more frequently associated with metabolic disorders compared to iCCA and dCCA. Postoperative survival was also associated with the degree of jaundice in pCCA compared to iCCA or dCCA. And biliary drainage is an important predictor of outcome of pCCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaming Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Xiamen University Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen, China.,Department of Digestive Diseases, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College & Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqi Yu
- Department of Pathology, Xiamen University Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Haopeng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Xiamen University Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen, China.,Department of Digestive Diseases, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Maochuan Zhen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiamen University Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianlin Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Xiamen University Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen, China.,Department of Digestive Diseases, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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228
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Meneguzzo P, Oldershaw AV, Monaco F, Giel K. Editorial: Eating disorders and emotion regulation, looking at the spectrum from overcontrolling to dysregulation. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:976500. [PMID: 35923459 PMCID: PMC9340148 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.976500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Meneguzzo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Victoria Oldershaw
- Kent and Medway All Age Eating Disorder Service, North East London NHS Foundation Trust, Kent, United Kingdom.,Salomons Institute for Applied Psychology, Canterbury Christ Church University, Royal Tunbridge Wells, United Kingdom
| | | | - Katrin Giel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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229
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Kahaly GJ, Gottwald-Hostalek U. Use of levothyroxine in the management of hypothyroidism: A historical perspective. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1054983. [PMID: 36407302 PMCID: PMC9666762 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1054983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The thyroid operates within a complex system of homeostatic regulation, where the level of thyrotropin (TSH) influences the rate of secretion of the principal thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The devastating consequences of untreated thyroid dysfunction have been evident for centuries. Indeed, sources from antiquity described goitre and cretinism, two of the clinical sequelae of untreated overt thyroid disease. It was not until the first part of the 19th century that goitre and cretinism were first associated with iodine status; however, the endocrine function of the thyroid was not clearly identified until the early part of the 20th century. Three principal innovations in the 20th century supported the use of levothyroxine (LT4) replacement therapy for the management of hypothyroidism: a practical technique for the synthesis of LT4 suitable to support pharmaceutical use (late 1940s), the discovery that LT4 is converted to the active thyroid hormone, T3, in the peripheral tissues (1970), and the development of robust and sensitive assay methodology for measuring thyroid hormones in the blood (1960 onwards). Synthetic LT4, titrated to bring the level of TSH within a predefined "normal" reference range, is now established as the mainstay of treatment for hypothyroidism, and provides adequate restoration of thyroid hormone function for most people with this condition. Future research will explore further the nuances of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, and the place, if any, for T3 within the management of thyroid dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J. Kahaly
- Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
- *Correspondence: George J. Kahaly,
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230
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Zhang Z, Liu R, Wang Y, Wang Y, Shuai Y, Ke C, Jin R, Wang X, Luo J. Phosphorylation of MICAL2 by ARG promotes head and neck cancer tumorigenesis by regulating skeletal rearrangement. Oncogene 2022; 41:334-346. [PMID: 34750518 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02101-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeletal architecture provides the structural underpinnings for crucial cellular behaviors. In cancer cells, changes in the actin cytoskeleton may serve as prerequisites for proliferation, invasion, and metastatic dissemination. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we show that MICAL2, which is increased in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and inversely associated with patient survival, promotes HNSCC growth, invasion, and migration. MICAL2 serves as a flavoprotein monooxygenase and directly induces actin filament depolymerization by specifically oxidizing the methionine 44 and 47 residues of F-actin. The kinase ARG interacts with MICAL2 and augments MICAL2-mediated actin disassembly. Direct phosphorylation assay and mass spectrometry confirmed that ARG phosphorylates MICAL2 at Tyr445, Tyr463, and Tyr488. Substitution of the Tyr445 or Tyr463 residue of purified recombinant MICAL2-redox with phenylalanine (generating a non-phosphorylatable mutant) abolishes the enhanced MICAL2-mediated F-actin disassembly induced by ARG. Consistently, ectopic expression of non-phosphorylatable MICAL2 mutants (MICAL2Y445F and MICAL2Y463F, not MICAL2Y488F) failed to ameliorate HNSCC cell growth, whereas expression of wild-type MICAL2 or MICAL2Y488F rescued the impaired proliferation induced by MICAL2 knockdown. Moreover, CCG-1423, an inhibitor of MICAL2, was shown to inhibit HNSCC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Taken together, our findings indicate that phosphorylation of MICAL2 at Tyr445 and Tyr463 by ARG mediates F-actin disassembly and promotes HNSCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zhang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology and Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruoyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology and Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology and Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanjie Shuai
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology and Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuangwu Ke
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology and Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Jin
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology and Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology and Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingtao Luo
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology and Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China. .,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.
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231
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Homšek A, Roganović M, Kovačević M, Jovanović M. Role of pharmacists in management of patients with thyroid disorders. Arhiv za farmaciju 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/arhfarm72-39948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid dysfunction is one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders, especially common in female patients. If patients are not diagnosed in time or adequately treated, the patients' quality of life can be significantly impaired and additional health problems may occur, considering the key roles of thyroid hormones in the body. Therefore, it is necessary to raise awareness about the importance of recognition of symptoms that may indicate a potential problem with the thyroid gland and help to identify possible causes. For patients who are already being treated with levothyroxine (hypothyroidism), or thiamazole, carbimazole or propylthiouracil (hyperthyroidism), it is necessary to point out the necessity of proper, regular use of the drugs and implementation of accompanying nonpharmacological measures, as well as the potential for the occurrence of adverse reactions and interactions with other drugs or food. A significant role in the mentioned activities should be played by the pharmacist, as the most accessible member of the health team, who can, if necessary, refer the patient to a doctor for diagnosis, monitor the effectiveness and safety of the therapy, and provide appropriate patient counseling.
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232
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Kim YC, Song WJ. Neuro-Immune Interactions and IFN-γ in Post-Infectious Cough. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2022; 14:581-584. [DOI: 10.4168/aair.2022.14.6.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Chan Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Woo-Jung Song
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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233
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Pecikoza U. Functional thyroid disorders in the pharmacy setting: How can we help our patients? Arhiv za farmaciju 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/arhfarm72-39858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional thyroid disorders (hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism) are amongst the most common endocrine disorders pharmacists encounter on a daily basis. They are highly prevalent in iodine-replete areas, and affect women about 10 times more often than man. Hypothyroidism (thyroid hormone deficiency) is usually caused by Hashimoto's thyroiditis, an autoimmune disorder that leads to gradual thyroid destruction. The drug-of-choice for treating hypothyroidism is levothyroxine, a synthetic form of thyroxine. Key points which need to be discussed with patients who are prescribed levothyroxine for the first time are when/how to administer this drug, how its effects are monitored, what drugs may affect its efficacy, and the importance of properly treating hypothyroidism during pregnancy. Hyperthyroidism (increased production of thyroid hormones) is most often caused by Graves' disease, another thyroid autoimmune disorder in which stimulatory autoantibodies against the TSH receptor lead to increased thyroid function. Graves' disease is most commonly treated with thionamide drugs (thiamazole, carbimazole or propylthiouracil) and patients using these drugs should be advised on the monitoring requirements, duration of treatment, and how to recognize possible serious adverse effects (agranulocytosis and hepatotoxicity), and informed that these drugs must be used during pregnancy in order to reduce the risk of adverse outcomes for the mother and baby.
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234
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Flynn M, Campbell I, Schmidt U. Does concurrent self-administered transcranial direct current stimulation and attention bias modification training improve symptoms of binge eating disorder? Protocol for the TANDEM feasibility randomized controlled trial. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:949246. [PMID: 35990072 PMCID: PMC9382293 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.949246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge eating disorder (BED) is a common and disabling problem associated with impaired cognitive control. Preliminary studies show that brain-directed treatments, including transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and attention bias modification training (ABMT), improve cognitive control and alleviate symptoms of BED. When combined, tDCS may enhance the effects of ABMT, and vice versa, thereby improving treatment outcomes. METHODS This protocol describes a feasibility single-blind randomized sham-controlled trial of concurrent self-administered tDCS and ABMT in adults with BED (The TANDEM Trial). Eighty adults with BED will be randomly assigned to one of four groups: ABMT with real or sham self-administered tDCS, ABMT only, or waiting list control. In the treatment arms, participants will complete 10-sessions of their allocated intervention over 2-3 weeks. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline (T0), immediately post treatment (T1), and 6 weeks after end of treatment (T2), and at comparable timepoints for participants in the waitlist control group. Feasibility will be evaluated by assessing recruitment/retention rates and blinding success. Acceptability will be assessed quantitatively via participant ratings and qualitatively via semi-structured interviews. Episodes of binge eating at follow-up will be the primary clinical outcome and rate ratios from Poisson regression will be reported. Secondary outcomes will assess changes in ED and general psychopathology, attention bias toward high calorie foods, and executive function. DISCUSSION It is hoped that data from the trial will contribute to the development of neurobiologically informed treatments for BED, provide insights into the potential use of at-home variants of tDCS, and inform the design of future large scale trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Flynn
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iain Campbell
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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235
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Zhang J, Zhang W, Liu Y, Pi M, Jiang Y, Ainiwaer A, Mao S, Chen H, Ran Y, Sun S, Li W, Yao X, Chang Z, Yan Y. Emerging roles and potential application of PIWI-interacting RNA in urological tumors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1054216. [PMID: 36733811 PMCID: PMC9887041 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1054216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The piRNA (PIWI-interacting RNA) is P-Element induced wimpy testis (PIWI)-interacting RNA which is a small molecule, non-coding RNA with a length of 24-32nt. It was originally found in germ cells and is considered a regulator of germ cell function. It can interact with PIWI protein, a member of the Argonaute family, and play a role in the regulation of gene transcription and epigenetic silencing of transposable factors in the nucleus. More and more studies have shown that piRNAs are abnormally expressed in a variety of cancer tissues and patient fluids, and may become diagnostic tools, therapeutic targets, staging markers, and prognostic evaluation tools for cancer. This article reviews the recent research on piRNA and summarizes the structural characteristics, production mechanism, applications, and its role in urological tumors, to provide a reference value for piRNA to regulate urological tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Urologic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Urologic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchao Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Urologic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Pi
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufeng Jiang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Urologic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ailiyaer Ainiwaer
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Urologic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyu Mao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Urologic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haotian Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Urologic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuefei Ran
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Urologic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuwen Sun
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Urologic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xudong Yao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Urologic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Yan, ; Zhengyan Chang, ; Xudong Yao,
| | - Zhengyan Chang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Yan, ; Zhengyan Chang, ; Xudong Yao,
| | - Yang Yan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Urologic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Yan, ; Zhengyan Chang, ; Xudong Yao,
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Manzetti GM, Hosein K, Cecchini MJ, Kwan K, Abdelrazek M, Zompatori M, Rogliani P, Mura M. Validation of the risk stratification score in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: study protocol of a prospective, multi-centre, observational, 3-year clinical trial. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:396. [PMID: 34863146 PMCID: PMC8645123 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01753-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by a poor prognosis, with a progressive decline in lung function and considerable variability in the disease's natural history. Besides lung transplantation (LTx), the only available treatments are anti-fibrosing drugs, which have shown to slow down the disease course. Therefore, predicting the prognosis is of pivotal importance to avoid treatment delays, which may be fatal for patients with a high risk of progression. Previous studies showed that a multi-dimensional approach is practical and effective in the development of a reliable prognostic score for IPF. In the RIsk Stratification scorE (RISE), physiological parameters, an objective measure of patient-reported dyspnea and exercise capacity are combined to capture different domains of the complex pathophysiology of IPF. METHODS This is an observational, multi-centre, prospective cohort study, designed to reflect common clinical practice in IPF. A development cohort and a validation cohort will be included. Patients newly diagnosed with IPF based on the ATS/ERS criteria and multi-disciplinary discussion will be included in the study. A panel of chest radiologists and lung pathologists will further assess eligibility. At the first visit (time of diagnosis), and every 4-months, MRC dyspnea score, pulmonary function tests (FEV1, FVC and DLCO), and 6-min walking distance will be recorded. Patients will be prospectively followed for 3 years. Comorbidities will be considered. The radiographic extent of fibrosis on HRCT will be recalculated at a 2-year interval. RISE, Gender-Age-Physiology, CPI and Mortality Risk Scoring System will be calculated at 4-month intervals. Longitudinal changes of each variable considered will be assessed. The primary endpoint is 3-year LTx-free survival from the time of diagnosis. Secondary endpoints include several, clinically-relevant information to ensure reproducibility of results across a wide range of disease severity and in concomitance of associated pulmonary hypertension or emphysema. DISCUSSION The objective of this study is to validate RISE as a simple, straightforward, inexpensive and reproducible tool to guide clinical decision making in IPF, and potentially as an endpoint for future clinical trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION U.S National Library of Medicine Clinicaltrials.gov, trial n. NCT02632123 "Validation of the risk stratification score in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis". Date of registration: December 16th, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Marco Manzetti
- Malattie Apparato Respiratorio, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Karishma Hosein
- Division of Respirology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew J Cecchini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Keith Kwan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Maurizio Zompatori
- Radiologia, MultiMedica Group, I.R.C.C.S. San Giuseppe Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Rogliani
- Malattie Apparato Respiratorio, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Mura
- Division of Respirology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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237
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Li Z, Liu Z, Guo Y, Wang S, Qu X, Li Y, Pan Y, Zhang L, Su D, Yang Q, Tao X, Yue Q, Xian J. Dual-energy CT-based radiomics nomogram in predicting histological differentiation of head and neck squamous carcinoma: a multicenter study. Neuroradiology 2021; 64:361-369. [PMID: 34860278 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-021-02860-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop and validate a dual-energy CT (DECT)-based radiomics nomogram from multicenter trials for predicting the histological differentiation of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS A total of 178 patients (112 in the training and 66 in the validation cohorts) from eight institutions with histologically proven HNSCCs were included in this retrospective study. Radiomics-signature models were constructed from features extracted from virtual monoenergetic images (VMI) and iodine-based material decomposition images (IMDI), reconstructed from venous-phase DECT images. Clinical factors were also assessed to build a clinical model. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to develop a nomogram combining the radiomics signature models and clinical model for predicting poorly differentiated HNSCC and moderately well-differentiated HNSCC. The predictive performance of the clinical model, radiomics signature models, and nomogram was compared. The calibration degree of the nomogram was also assessed. RESULTS The tumor location, VMI-signature, and IMDI-signature were associated with the degree of HNSCC differentiation, and areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) were 0.729, 0.890, and 0.833 in the training cohort and 0.627, 0.859, and 0.843 in the validation cohort, respectively. The nomogram incorporating tumor location and two radiomics-signature models yielded the best performance in training (AUC = 0.987) and validation (AUC = 0.968) cohorts with a good calibration degree. CONCLUSION The nomogram that integrated the DECT-based radiomics-signature models and tumor location showed good performance in predicting histological differentiation degree of HNSCC, providing a novel combination for predicting HNSCC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 1, DongJiaoMinXiang Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhaohui Liu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 1, DongJiaoMinXiang Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Pharmaceutical Diagnostics, Precision Health Institute, GE Healthcare China, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Sicong Wang
- Pharmaceutical Diagnostics, Precision Health Institute, GE Healthcare China, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Xiaoxia Qu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 1, DongJiaoMinXiang Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yajun Li
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yucheng Pan
- Department of Radiology, Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Longjiang Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command/Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Danke Su
- Imaging Center, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Xiaofeng Tao
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Qiang Yue
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Junfang Xian
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 1, DongJiaoMinXiang Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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238
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Pittock SJ, Zekeridou A, Weinshenker BG. Hope for patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders - from mechanisms to trials. Nat Rev Neurol 2021; 17:759-773. [PMID: 34711906 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-021-00568-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare inflammatory CNS disease that primarily manifests as relapsing episodes of severe optic neuritis and myelitis. Diagnosis of NMOSD is supported by the detection of IgG autoantibodies that target the aquaporin 4 (AQP4) water channel, which, in the CNS, is an astrocyte-specific protein. AQP4 antibody binding leads to AQP4 internalization, complement-dependent and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and water channel dysfunction. Cumulative attack-related injury causes disability in NMOSD, so the prevention of attacks is expected to prevent disability accrual. Until recently, no regulator-approved therapies were available for NMOSD. Traditional immunosuppressant therapies, including mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine and rituximab, were widely used but their benefits have not been assessed in controlled studies. In 2019 and 2020, five phase II and III randomized placebo-controlled trials of four mechanism-based therapies for NMOSD were published and demonstrated that all four effectively prolonged the time to first relapse. All four drugs were monoclonal antibodies: the complement C5 antibody eculizumab, the IL-6 receptor antibody satralizumab, the B cell-depleting antibody inebilizumab, which targets CD19, and rituximab, which targets CD20. We review the pathophysiology of NMOSD, the rationale for the development of these mechanism-based drugs, the methodology and outcomes of the five trials, and the implications of these findings for the treatment of NMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean J Pittock
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Center of Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Anastasia Zekeridou
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Center of Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brian G Weinshenker
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Center of Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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239
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Tziastoudi M, Dardiotis E, Pissas G, Filippidis G, Golfinopoulos S, Siokas V, Tachmitzi SV, Eleftheriadis T, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Tsironi E, Stefanidis I. Serpin Family E Member 1 Tag Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy: An Association Study and Meta-Analysis Using a Genetic Model-Free Approach. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1887. [PMID: 34946835 PMCID: PMC8701119 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many lines of evidence highlight the genetic contribution on the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). One of the studied genes is SERPINE1 whose the role in the risk of developing DN remains questionable. In order to elucidate the contribution of SERPINE1 in DN progression in the context of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), we conducted an association study and meta-analysis of SERPINE1 genetic variants. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 190 patients with DN, 150 T2DM (type 2 diabetes mellitus) patients without DN and 238 healthy controls were recruited. We selected five tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the HapMap. The generalized odds ratio (ORG) was calculated to estimate the risk on DN development. Subgroup analyses based on ethnicity and type of diabetes were also performed. RESULTS Both the present association study regarding SERPINE1 SNPs (rs2227667, rs2070682, rs1050813, rs2227690, rs2227692) did not found any significant association between SERPINE1 variants and DN and the meta-analysis of variant 4G>5G (rs1799889) did not also reveal a significant association between 4G>5G variant and DN in main and subgroup analyses. DISCUSSION In conclusion, the present association study and meta-analysis provides strong evidence that SERPINE1 genetic variant 4G>5G is not implicated in the risk or development of DN in Caucasians. Further studies in other populations remain to further investigate the role of this variant in the course of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tziastoudi
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (G.P.); (G.F.); (S.G.); (T.E.); (I.S.)
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (E.D.); (V.S.); (G.M.H.)
| | - Georgios Pissas
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (G.P.); (G.F.); (S.G.); (T.E.); (I.S.)
| | - Georgios Filippidis
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (G.P.); (G.F.); (S.G.); (T.E.); (I.S.)
| | - Spyridon Golfinopoulos
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (G.P.); (G.F.); (S.G.); (T.E.); (I.S.)
| | - Vasileios Siokas
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (E.D.); (V.S.); (G.M.H.)
| | - Sophia V. Tachmitzi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (S.V.T.); (E.T.)
| | - Theodoros Eleftheriadis
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (G.P.); (G.F.); (S.G.); (T.E.); (I.S.)
| | - Georgios M. Hadjigeorgiou
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (E.D.); (V.S.); (G.M.H.)
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 22006, Cyprus
| | - Evangelia Tsironi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (S.V.T.); (E.T.)
| | - Ioannis Stefanidis
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (G.P.); (G.F.); (S.G.); (T.E.); (I.S.)
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Sari NM, Hadiputri R, Kuntorini MS, Agustina H, Mardianty F. High-Risk Histopathologic Features of Retinoblastoma Treated at a Tertiary Hospital in West Java, Indonesia. Ocul Oncol Pathol 2021; 7:353-360. [PMID: 34722492 DOI: 10.1159/000517100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the histopathological characteristics of clinically advanced retinoblastoma (RB) and its relationship with tumor differentiation. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of primary enucleated group D/E intraocular RB using medical records from 2017 to 2020 in a tertiary referral hospital. Cases with incomplete histopathological results were excluded. Tumors were classified into well, moderately, and poorly differentiated and undifferentiated. High-risk histopathological features were classified as per Thaung and Karaa [Community Eye Health. 2018;31(101):17-3]. Results This study included 121 patients (129 eyes), of which 32.2% were diagnosed at 25-36 months. High-risk features (HRFs) were found in 100/129 eyes, and of 73 complete histopathological results, the 2 most common HRFs were postlaminar optic nerve invasion and massive choroidal invasion. RB was poorly differentiated in 69.9% and well differentiated in 12.3% of eyes. There was no statistically significant association between any HRFs and tumor differentiation, with age >2 years associated with tumor differentiation (p < 0.05). Conclusion The frequency of HRFs is 77.5% of primary enucleated eyes, mainly poorly and undifferentiated cells, particularly in children aged >2 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Melani Sari
- Department of Child Health, Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital/Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Regina Hadiputri
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Maya Sari Kuntorini
- Department of Opthalmology, Cicendo National Eye Hospital, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Hasrayati Agustina
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Friska Mardianty
- Anatomic Pathology Laboratory, Cicendo National Eye Hospital, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
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241
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Abstract
Kidney diseases are highly prevalent and treatment is costly. Immune cells play important roles in kidney diseases; however, it has been challenging to investigate the contribution of each cell type in kidney pathophysiology. Recently, the development of single-cell sequencing technology has allowed the extensive study of immune cells in blood, secondary lymphoid tissues, kidney biopsy and urine samples, helping researchers generate a comprehensive immune cell atlas for various kidney diseases. Here, we discuss several recent studies using scRNA-seq technology to explore the immune-related kidney diseases, including lupus nephritis, diabetic kidney disease, IgA nephropathy, and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated glomerulonephritis. Application of scRNA-seq successfully defined the transcriptome profiles of resident and infiltrating immune cells, as well as the intracellular communication networks between immune and adjacent cells. In addition, the discovery of similar immune cells in blood and urine suggests the possibility of examining kidney immunity without biopsy. In conclusion, these immune cell atlases will increase our understanding of kidney immunology and contribute to novel therapeutics for patients with kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghui Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siweier Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiming Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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242
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Heddar A, Guichoux N, Auger N, Misrahi M. A SPIDR homozygous nonsense pathogenic variant in isolated primary ovarian insufficiency with chromosomal instability. Clin Genet 2021; 101:242-246. [PMID: 34697795 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), affecting 1% of women under 40 years is a public health problem. Genes involved in meiosis/DNA repair were recently shown to be the leading family of associated causal genes, some of them also cause tumors/cancers. Here, using targeted next-generation sequencing in an Indian POI patient with primary amenorrhea and streak ovaries, we identified a novel homozygous nonsense variant in exon 7 of SPIDR (KIAA0146) c.814C > T, R272*, predicted to lead a nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. SPIDR was recently identified by in vitro assays as an auxiliary protein interacting with RAD51 and BLM, two major proteins involved in genome stability. Consistent with alteration of the RAD51 pathway, we observed a strong increase in mitomycin C-induced DNA breaks and aberrant metaphases in the patient's cells compared to a control. However, sister chromatid exchanges were normal in contrast to the sharp increase characteristic of the BLM pathway. This is the first evidence of chromosomal instability associated with a SPIDR molecular defect, which supports the role of SPIDR in double-stranded DNA damage repair in vivo in humans and its causal role in POI. Our study increases knowledge on the SPIDR function and has broad implications in the management of such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkader Heddar
- Université Paris Saclay, Faculté de Médecine; Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Maladies Métaboliques et de la Reproduction, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,UMR-S 1193, INSERM, Université Paris Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Nathalie Guichoux
- Service de Pédiatrie et des Urgences Pédiatriques, Hôpital Ambroise-Paré, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Nathalie Auger
- Département de Biologie et de Pathologie, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Micheline Misrahi
- Université Paris Saclay, Faculté de Médecine; Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Maladies Métaboliques et de la Reproduction, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,UMR-S 1193, INSERM, Université Paris Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
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243
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Yang F, Wu J, Ye NY, Miu J, Yan J, Liu LN, Ye B. Association of Fecal Microbiota with Irritable Bowel Syndrome-Diarrhea and Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Its Management. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2021; 2021:7035557. [PMID: 34691175 PMCID: PMC8529176 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7035557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in intestinal microbiota have been linked to the development of diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). In order to better elucidate the relationship between intestinal microbiota changes and IBS-D, we compared fecal microbiota of IBS-D rats and healthy control using pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene targeted. Furthermore, we explored the effects of different traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on intestinal microbiota of IBS-D in dose-dependent manner. Our results showed that there was no significant difference in fecal microbial community diversity among the healthy control group, IBS-D rats and IBS-D rats treated with traditional Chinese medicine, but the fecal microbial composition at different taxonomic levels have changed among these groups. Interestingly, the weight of IBS-D rats treated with moderate doses (13.4 g/kg) of TCM increased significantly, and the diarrhea-related symptoms improved significantly, which may be related to the enrichment in Deferribacteres, Proteobacteria, Tenericutes, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae and the reduction in Lactobacillus in fecal samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- Department of Stomach (Gastroenterology) Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong Hospital to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nantong 226000, China
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ning-Yuan Ye
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jing Miu
- Nantong University, Nantong 226000, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Li-Na Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Bai Ye
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
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Liu J, Ottaviani D, Sefta M, Desbrousses C, Chapeaublanc E, Aschero R, Sirab N, Lubieniecki F, Lamas G, Tonon L, Dehainault C, Hua C, Fréneaux P, Reichman S, Karboul N, Biton A, Mirabal-Ortega L, Larcher M, Brulard C, Arrufat S, Nicolas A, Elarouci N, Popova T, Némati F, Decaudin D, Gentien D, Baulande S, Mariani O, Dufour F, Guibert S, Vallot C, Rouic LLL, Matet A, Desjardins L, Pascual-Pasto G, Suñol M, Catala-Mora J, Llano GC, Couturier J, Barillot E, Schaiquevich P, Gauthier-Villars M, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Golmard L, Houdayer C, Brisse H, Bernard-Pierrot I, Letouzé E, Viari A, Saule S, Sastre-Garau X, Doz F, Carcaboso AM, Cassoux N, Pouponnot C, Goureau O, Chantada G, de Reyniès A, Aerts I, Radvanyi F. A high-risk retinoblastoma subtype with stemness features, dedifferentiated cone states and neuronal/ganglion cell gene expression. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5578. [PMID: 34552068 PMCID: PMC8458383 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25792-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is the most frequent intraocular malignancy in children, originating from a maturing cone precursor in the developing retina. Little is known on the molecular basis underlying the biological and clinical behavior of this cancer. Here, using multi-omics data, we demonstrate the existence of two retinoblastoma subtypes. Subtype 1, of earlier onset, includes most of the heritable forms. It harbors few genetic alterations other than the initiating RB1 inactivation and corresponds to differentiated tumors expressing mature cone markers. By contrast, subtype 2 tumors harbor frequent recurrent genetic alterations including MYCN-amplification. They express markers of less differentiated cone together with neuronal/ganglion cell markers with marked inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity. The cone dedifferentiation in subtype 2 is associated with stemness features including low immune and interferon response, E2F and MYC/MYCN activation and a higher propensity for metastasis. The recognition of these two subtypes, one maintaining a cone-differentiated state, and the other, more aggressive, associated with cone dedifferentiation and expression of neuronal markers, opens up important biological and clinical perspectives for retinoblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Daniela Ottaviani
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
- Precision Medicine, Hospital J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Meriem Sefta
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Céline Desbrousses
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Chapeaublanc
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Rosario Aschero
- Pathology Service, Hospital J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nanor Sirab
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
| | | | - Gabriela Lamas
- Pathology Service, Hospital J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laurie Tonon
- Synergie Lyon Cancer, Plateforme de Bioinformatique "Gilles Thomas", Centre Léon Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Catherine Dehainault
- Département de Biologie des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
- Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Clément Hua
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Paul Fréneaux
- Département de Biologie des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sacha Reichman
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Narjesse Karboul
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Anne Biton
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U900, 75005, Paris, France
- Ecole des Mines ParisTech, 77305, Fontainebleau, France
- Institut Pasteur - Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - C3BI, USR 3756 IP CNRS, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Liliana Mirabal-Ortega
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR3347, PSL Research University, 91405, Orsay, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U1021, 91405, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Magalie Larcher
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR3347, PSL Research University, 91405, Orsay, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U1021, 91405, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Céline Brulard
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
- INSERM U930, CHU Bretonneau, 37000, Tours, France
| | - Sandrine Arrufat
- Département de Biologie des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - André Nicolas
- Département de Biologie des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Nabila Elarouci
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Tatiana Popova
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U830, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Fariba Némati
- Département de Recherche Translationnelle, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Didier Decaudin
- Département de Recherche Translationnelle, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - David Gentien
- Département de Recherche Translationnelle, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Baulande
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, NGS Platform, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Odette Mariani
- Département de Biologie des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Florent Dufour
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
| | | | - Céline Vallot
- GeCo Genomics Consulting, Integragen, 91000, Evry, France
| | | | - Alexandre Matet
- Département de Chirurgie, Service d'Ophtalmologie, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Desjardins
- Département de Chirurgie, Service d'Ophtalmologie, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Guillem Pascual-Pasto
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Suñol
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Catala-Mora
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Genoveva Correa Llano
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jérôme Couturier
- Département de Biologie des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Barillot
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U900, 75005, Paris, France
- Ecole des Mines ParisTech, 77305, Fontainebleau, France
| | - Paula Schaiquevich
- Pathology Service, Hospital J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marion Gauthier-Villars
- Département de Biologie des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
- Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U830, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Département de Biologie des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
- Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lisa Golmard
- Département de Biologie des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
- Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U830, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Claude Houdayer
- Département de Biologie des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
- Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U830, 75005, Paris, France
- Department of Genetics, Rouen University Hospital, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Hervé Brisse
- Département d'Imagerie Médicale, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Bernard-Pierrot
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Eric Letouzé
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, INSERM, 75006, Paris, France
- Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, équipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris, Université Paris 13, Paris, France
| | - Alain Viari
- Synergie Lyon Cancer, Plateforme de Bioinformatique "Gilles Thomas", Centre Léon Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Simon Saule
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR3347, PSL Research University, 91405, Orsay, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U1021, 91405, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Xavier Sastre-Garau
- Département de Biologie des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, 94000, Créteil, France
| | - François Doz
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- SIREDO Center (Care, Innovation and Research in Pediatric Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology), Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Angel M Carcaboso
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nathalie Cassoux
- Département de Chirurgie, Service d'Ophtalmologie, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Celio Pouponnot
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR3347, PSL Research University, 91405, Orsay, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U1021, 91405, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Olivier Goureau
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Guillermo Chantada
- Precision Medicine, Hospital J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Aurélien de Reyniès
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Aerts
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
- SIREDO Center (Care, Innovation and Research in Pediatric Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology), Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - François Radvanyi
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France.
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Liu T, Li Q, Lin Z, Wang P, Chen Y, Fu Y, Ding Z. Viral infections and the efficacy of PD-(L)1 inhibitors in virus-related cancers: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 100:108128. [PMID: 34537483 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to test the interaction between viral infections and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) efficacy for two virus-associated tumors, head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS We searched databases from inception until December 30, 2020 to identify phase 2 or 3 randomized clinical trials involving ICI treatments with data on hazard ratios (HRs) for survival according to viral infection status. We evaluated the heterogeneity between patients with and without viral infections using an interaction test. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore variations in the efficacy of immunotherapy according to viral infection status. RESULTS Six phase 3 trials with 3672 patients (1382 with viral infections [38%] and 2115 without viral infections [57%]) were included. Among these patients, the pooled HR for survival was 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.60-0.79) for those with viral infections and 0.84 (95% CI, 0.77-0.91) for those without infections after ICI treatment. Patients with viral infections achieved a better prognosis after ICI therapy than those without infections (P = 0.018). This was evident in patients with hepatitis B virus-associated HCC (P = 0.016), but not in patients with hepatitis C virus-associated HCC (P = 0.081) or in patients with human papillomavirus-positive HNSCC (P = 0.67). CONCLUSION Patients with advanced HNSCC and HCC, regardless of viral infection status, could benefit from ICI treatment. Patients with hepatitis B virus-associated HCC were more likely to benefit from ICI treatment than patients without viral infections. REGISTRATION Our systematic review protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews on March 27, 2020 (registration number CRD42020155326).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhen Lin
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yueyun Chen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenyu Ding
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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246
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Du C, Ren Y, Li G, Yang Y, Yan Z, Yao F. Single Cell Transcriptome Helps Better Understanding Crosstalk in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:657614. [PMID: 34485320 PMCID: PMC8415842 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.657614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Years of research revealed that crosstalk extensively existed among kidney cells, cell factors and metabolites and played an important role in the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). In the last few years, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology provided new insight into cellular heterogeneity and genetic susceptibility regarding DKD at cell-specific level. The studies based on scRNA-seq enable a much deeper understanding of cell-specific processes such as interaction between cells. In this paper, we aim to review recent progress in single cell transcriptomic analyses of DKD, particularly highlighting on intra- or extra-glomerular cell crosstalk, cellular targets and potential therapeutic strategies for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Du
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yunzhuo Ren
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guixin Li
- Department of Burn, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhe Yan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Serrano J, Rinaudo JA, Srivastava S, Ghosh S, Unalp-Arida A, Andersen DK. The national institutes of health's approach to address research gaps in pancreatitis, diabetes and early detection of pancreatic cancer. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2021; 37:480-485. [PMID: 34039875 DOI: 10.1097/mog.0000000000000758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diseases of the pancreas are a broad spectrum of conditions resulting from metabolic, inflammatory, and neoplastic processes (pancreatitis, pancreatogenic diabetes, and pancreatic cancers). Pancreatic diseases cause significant morbidity, mortality, and cost. RECENT FINDINGS Research progress in diseases of the exocrine pancreas (chronic pancreatitis [CP], pancreatogenic diabetes mellitus, and pancreatic cancer) has been hampered by the disorders' heterogeneity, the limitations of previous small cross-sectional studies, the inability to safely obtain pancreatic tissue for study, and the lack of structured epidemiology tools, genetic testing, and biomarker development. SUMMARY Given the increasing incidence and prevalence of CP and its complications, high mortality rate, and associated healthcare cost, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and the National Cancer Institute funded the Consortium for the study of Chronic Pancreatitis, Diabetes and Pancreatic Cancer (CPDPC) to identify research gaps and foster multidisciplinary collaborations to better diagnose, characterize and manage CP and its sequelae and to understand the diabetes/pancreatic cancer association.The studies undertaken by the CPDPC are described in other articles in this journal's issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Serrano
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| | - Jo Ann Rinaudo
- Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Sudhir Srivastava
- Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Sharmistha Ghosh
- Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Aynur Unalp-Arida
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| | - Dana K Andersen
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
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Alain C, Pascal N, Valérie G, Thierry V. Orexins/Hypocretins and Cancer: A Neuropeptide as Emerging Target. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164849. [PMID: 34443437 PMCID: PMC8398691 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 20 years ago, orexin neuropeptides (Orexin-A/hypocretin-1 and Orexin-B/hypocretins-2) produced from the same precursor in hypothalamus were identified. These two neurotransmitters and their receptors (OX1R and OX1R), present in the central and peripheral nervous system, play a major role in wakefulness but also in drug addiction, food consumption, homeostasis, hormone secretion, reproductive function, lipolysis and blood pressure regulation. With respect to these biological functions, orexins were involved in various pathologies encompassing narcolepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, chronic inflammations, metabolic syndrome and cancers. The expression of OX1R in various cancers including colon, pancreas and prostate cancers associated with its ability to induce a proapoptotic activity in tumor cells, suggested that the orexins/OX1R system could have a promising therapeutic role. The present review summarizes the relationship between cancers and orexins/OX1R system as an emerging target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Couvineau Alain
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Team "From Inflammation to Cancer in Digestive Diseases" Labeled by "la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer", University of Paris, DHU UNITY, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Nicole Pascal
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Team "From Inflammation to Cancer in Digestive Diseases" Labeled by "la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer", University of Paris, DHU UNITY, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Gratio Valérie
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Team "From Inflammation to Cancer in Digestive Diseases" Labeled by "la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer", University of Paris, DHU UNITY, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Voisin Thierry
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Team "From Inflammation to Cancer in Digestive Diseases" Labeled by "la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer", University of Paris, DHU UNITY, 75018 Paris, France
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Jia Z, Wang K, Zhang Y, Duan Y, Xiao K, Liu S, Ding X. Icariin Ameliorates Diabetic Renal Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis by Restoring Autophagy via Regulation of the miR-192-5p/GLP-1R Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:720387. [PMID: 34349660 PMCID: PMC8326523 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.720387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is one of the most common pathological features of diabetic nephropathy. Autophagy, an intracellular mechanism to remove damaged or dysfunctional cell parts and maintain metabolic homeostasis, is inhibited in diabetic neuropathy. Icariin is a traditional Chinese medicine extract known for nourishing the kidney and reinforcing Yang. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanism of Icariin on renal function, autophagy, and fibrosis in type 2 diabetic nephropathic rats and in high-glucose-incubated human renal tubular epithelial cells and rat renal fibroblasts (in vitro). Icariin improved diabetes, renal function, restored autophagy, and alleviated fibrosis in type 2 diabetic neuropathic rats and in vitro. After we applied autophagy-related gene 5-small interfering RNA, we found that fibrosis improvement by Icariin was related to autophagy restoration. By detecting serum sex hormone levels, and using dihydrotestosterone, siRNA for androgen receptor, and the androgen receptor antagonist Apalutamide (ARN-509), we found that Icariin had an androgen-like effect and restored autophagy and reduced fibrosis by regulating the androgen receptor. In addition, miR-192-5p levels were increased under high glucose but reduced after dihydrotestosterone and Icariin treatment. Furthermore, dihydrotestosterone and Icariin inhibited miR-192-5p overexpression-induced fibrosis production and autophagy limitation. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) was downregulated by high glucose and overexpression of miR-192-5p and could be restored by dihydrotestosterone and Icariin. By using ARN-509, we found that Icariin increased GLP-1R expression by regulating the androgen receptor. GLP-1R-siRNA transfection weakened the effects of Icariin on autophagy and fibrosis. These findings indicate that Icariin alleviates tubulointerstitial fibrosis by restoring autophagy through the miR-192-5p/GLP-1R pathway and is a novel therapeutic option for diabetic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Jia
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaiwei Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yameng Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yalei Duan
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuansheng Ding
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Precision Medicine Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Srivastava SP, Kanasaki K, Goodwin JE. Editorial: Combating Diabetes and Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:716029. [PMID: 34305620 PMCID: PMC8295890 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.716029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Swayam Prakash Srivastava
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Keizo Kanasaki
- Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Julie E Goodwin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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