201
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Chen Y, Wang J, Lu Y. Decarboxylative 1,4-carbocyanation of 1,3-enynes to access tetra-substituted allenes via copper/photoredox dual catalysis. Chem Sci 2021; 12:11316-11321. [PMID: 34667542 PMCID: PMC8447876 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02896k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We disclose herein the first example of merging photoredox catalysis and copper catalysis for radical 1,4-carbocyanations of 1,3-enynes. Alkyl N-hydroxyphthalimide esters are utilized as radical precursors, and the reported mild and redox-neutral protocol has broad substrate scope and remarkable functional group tolerance. This strategy allows for the synthesis of diverse multi-substituted allenes with high chemo- and regio-selectivities, also permitting late stage allenylation of natural products and drug molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore .,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou Fujian 350207 China
| | - Yixin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore .,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou Fujian 350207 China
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202
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Xu Z, Liu D, Yu H, Ahlquist MS, Fu Y. Mechanistic study on the photo carboxylation of benzylic C-H bonds by xanthone and Ni(0) catalysts. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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203
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Luo YC, Tong FF, Zhang Y, He CY, Zhang X. Visible-Light-Induced Palladium-Catalyzed Selective Defluoroarylation of Trifluoromethylarenes with Arylboronic Acids. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13971-13979. [PMID: 34411483 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Selective functionalization of inactive C(sp3)-F bonds to prepare medicinally interesting aryldifluoromethylated compounds remains challenging. One promising route is the transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling through oxidative addition of the C(sp3)-F bond in trifluoromethylarenes (ArCF3), which are ideal precursors for this process due to their ready availability and low cost. Here, we report an unprecedented excited-state palladium catalysis strategy for selective defluoroarylation of trifluoromethylarenes with arylboronic acids. This visible-light-induced palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling proceeds under mild reaction conditions and allows transformation of a variety of arylboronic acids and ArCF3. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal that the oxidative addition of the C(sp3)-F bond in ArCF3 to excited-state palladium(0) via a single electron transfer pathway is responsible for the C(sp3)-F bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Cheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fei-Fei Tong
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chun-Yang He
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Xingang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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204
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Mantry L, Maayuri R, Kumar V, Gandeepan P. Photoredox catalysis in nickel-catalyzed C-H functionalization. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:2209-2259. [PMID: 34621388 PMCID: PMC8451005 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalytic C‒H functionalization has become a powerful strategy in organic synthesis due to the improved atom-, step- and resource economy in comparison with cross-coupling or classical organic functional group transformations. Despite the significant advances in the metal-catalyzed C‒H activations, recent developments in the field of metallaphotoredox catalysis enabled C‒H functionalizations with unique reaction pathways under mild reaction conditions. Given the relative earth-abundance and cost-effective nature, nickel catalysts for photoredox C‒H functionalization have received significant attention. In this review, we highlight the developments in the field of photoredox nickel-catalyzed C‒H functionalization reactions with a range of applications until summer 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusina Mantry
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Tirupati – Renigunta Road, Settipalli Post, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517506, India
| | - Rajaram Maayuri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Tirupati – Renigunta Road, Settipalli Post, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517506, India
| | - Vikash Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Tirupati – Renigunta Road, Settipalli Post, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517506, India
| | - Parthasarathy Gandeepan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Tirupati – Renigunta Road, Settipalli Post, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517506, India
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205
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Zhang HH, Tang M, Zhao JJ, Song C, Yu S. Enantioselective Reductive Homocoupling of Allylic Acetates Enabled by Dual Photoredox/Palladium Catalysis: Access to C2-Symmetrical 1,5-Dienes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12836-12846. [PMID: 34351745 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions have emerged as powerful protocols to construct C-C bonds. However, the development of enantioselective C(sp3)-C(sp3) reductive coupling remains challenging. Herein, we report a highly regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselective reductive homocoupling of allylic acetates through cooperative palladium and photoredox catalysis using diisopropylethylamine or Hantzsch ester as a homogeneous organic reductant. This straightforward protocol enables the stereoselective construction of C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds under mild reaction conditions. A series of C2-symmetrical chiral 1,5-dienes were easily prepared with excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99% ee), diastereoselectivities (up to >95:5 dr), and regioselectivities (up to >95:5 rr). The resultant chiral 1,5-dienes can be directly used as chiral ligands in asymmetric synthesis, and they can be also transformed into other valuable chiral ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Menghan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Jia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhua Song
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouyun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
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206
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Ranjan P, Pillitteri S, Coppola G, Oliva M, Van der Eycken EV, Sharma UK. Unlocking the Accessibility of Alkyl Radicals from Boronic Acids through Solvent-Assisted Organophotoredox Activation. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Ranjan
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Serena Pillitteri
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guglielmo Coppola
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Monica Oliva
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik V. Van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya Street 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Upendra K. Sharma
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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207
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Miyamoto Y, Sumida Y, Ohmiya H. Generation of Functionalized Alkyl Radicals via the Direct Photoexcitation of 2,2'-(Pyridine-2,6-diyl)diphenol-Based Borates. Org Lett 2021; 23:5865-5870. [PMID: 34236860 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new type of alkylborate was developed for the purpose of generating radicals via direct photoexcitation. These borates were prepared using 2,2'-(pyridine-2,6-diyl)diphenol as a tridentate ligand together with organoboronic acids or potassium trifluoroborates. The ready availability of organoboron compounds is a significant advantage of this direct photoexcitation protocol. The excited states of these borates can also serve as strong reductants, enabling various transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Miyamoto
- Division of Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yuto Sumida
- Division of Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Ohmiya
- Division of Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.,JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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208
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Tanaka J, Nagashima Y, Araujo Dias AJ, Tanaka K. Photo-Induced ortho-C-H Borylation of Arenes through In Situ Generation of Rhodium(II) Ate Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11325-11331. [PMID: 34283597 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced in situ "oxidation" of half-sandwich metal complexes to "high-valent" cationic metal complexes has been used to accelerate catalytic reactions. Here, we report the unprecedented photoinduced in situ "reduction" of half-sandwich metal [Rh(III)] complexes to "low-valent" anionic metal [Rh(II)] ate complexes, which facilitate ligand exchange with electron-deficient elements (diboron). This strategy was realized by using a functionalized cyclopentadienyl (CpA3) Rh(III) catalyst we developed, which enabled the basic group-directed room temperature ortho-C-H borylation of arenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yuki Nagashima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Antônio Junio Araujo Dias
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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209
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210
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Lipp A, Badir SO, Dykstra R, Gutierrez O, Molander GA. Catalyst-Free Decarbonylative Trifluoromethylthiolation Enabled by Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex Photoactivation. Adv Synth Catal 2021; 363:3507-3520. [PMID: 35273472 PMCID: PMC8903066 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
A catalyst- and additive-free decarbonylative trifluoromethylthiolation of aldehyde feedstocks has been developed. This operationally simple, scalable, and open-to-air transformation is driven by the selective photoexcitation of electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes, stemming from the association of 1,4-dihydropyridines (donor) with N-(trifluoromethylthio)phthalimide (acceptor), to trigger intermolecular single-electron transfer events under ambient- and visible light-promoted conditions. Extension to other electron acceptors enables the synthesis of thiocyanates and thioesters, as well as the difunctionalization of [1.1.1] propellane. The mechanistic intricacies of this photochemical paradigm are elucidated through a combination of experimental efforts and high-level quantum mechanical calculations [dispersion-corrected (U)DFT, DLPNO-CCSD(T), and TD-DFT]. This comprehensive study highlights the necessity for EDA complexation for efficient alkyl radical generation. Computation of subsequent ground state pathways reveals that SH2 addition of the alkyl radical to the intermediate radical EDA complex is extremely exergonic and results in a charge transfer event from the dihydropyridine donor to the N-(trifluoromethylthio)phthalimide acceptor of the EDA complex. Experimental and computational results further suggest that product formation also occurs via SH2 reaction of alkyl radicals with 1,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)disulfane, generated in-situ through combination of thiyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lipp
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Shorouk O Badir
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Ryan Dykstra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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211
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Late-stage C–H functionalization offers new opportunities in drug discovery. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:522-545. [PMID: 37117588 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the landscape of molecular synthesis has gained major impetus by the introduction of late-stage functionalization (LSF) methodologies. C-H functionalization approaches, particularly, set the stage for new retrosynthetic disconnections, while leading to improvements in resource economy. A variety of innovative techniques have been successfully applied to the C-H diversification of pharmaceuticals, and these key developments have enabled medicinal chemists to integrate LSF strategies in their drug discovery programmes. This Review highlights the significant advances achieved in the late-stage C-H functionalization of drugs and drug-like compounds, and showcases how the implementation of these modern strategies allows increased efficiency in the drug discovery process. Representative examples are examined and classified by mechanistic patterns involving directed or innate C-H functionalization, as well as emerging reaction manifolds, such as electrosynthesis and biocatalysis, among others. Structurally complex bioactive entities beyond small molecules are also covered, including diversification in the new modalities sphere. The challenges and limitations of current LSF methods are critically assessed, and avenues for future improvements of this rapidly expanding field are discussed. We, hereby, aim to provide a toolbox for chemists in academia as well as industrial practitioners, and introduce guiding principles for the application of LSF strategies to access new molecules of interest.
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212
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Cabrera-Afonso MJ, Sookezian A, Badir SO, El Khatib M, Molander GA. Photoinduced 1,2-dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes with organotrifluoroborate nucleophiles via radical/polar crossover. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9189-9195. [PMID: 34276949 PMCID: PMC8261722 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02547c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkene 1,2-dicarbofunctionalizations are highly sought-after transformations as they enable a rapid increase of molecular complexity in one synthetic step. Traditionally, these conjunctive couplings proceed through the intermediacy of alkylmetal species susceptible to deleterious pathways including β-hydride elimination and protodemetalation. Herein, an intermolecular 1,2-dicarbofunctionalization using alkyl N-(acyloxy)phthalimide redox-active esters as radical progenitors and organotrifluoroborates as carbon-centered nucleophiles is reported. This redox-neutral, multicomponent reaction is postulated to proceed through photochemical radical/polar crossover to afford a key carbocation species that undergoes subsequent trapping with organoboron nucleophiles to accomplish the carboallylation, carboalkenylation, carboalkynylation, and carboarylation of alkenes with regio- and chemoselective control. The mechanistic intricacies of this difunctionalization were elucidated through Stern-Volmer quenching studies, photochemical quantum yield measurements, and trapping experiments of radical and ionic intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Cabrera-Afonso
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Anasheh Sookezian
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Shorouk O Badir
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Mirna El Khatib
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Stellar-Chance Building, 422 Curie Boulevard Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6059 USA
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
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213
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Pitre SP, Overman LE. Strategic Use of Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis in Natural Product Synthesis. Chem Rev 2021; 122:1717-1751. [PMID: 34232019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in the development of photocatalytic reactions promoted by visible light is leading to a renaissance in the use of photochemistry in the construction of structurally elaborate organic molecules. Because of the rich functionality found in natural products, studies in natural product total synthesis provide useful insights into functional group compatibility of these new photocatalytic methods as well as their impact on synthetic strategy. In this review, we examine total syntheses published through the end of 2020 that employ a visible-light photoredox catalytic step. To assist someone interested in employing the photocatalytic steps discussed, the review is organized largely by the nature of the bond formed in the photocatalytic step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer P Pitre
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Larry E Overman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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214
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Potrząsaj A, Musiejuk M, Chaładaj W, Giedyk M, Gryko D. Cobalt Catalyst Determines Regioselectivity in Ring Opening of Epoxides with Aryl Halides. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9368-9376. [PMID: 34081860 PMCID: PMC8297733 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Ring-opening of epoxides
furnishing either linear or branched products
belongs to the group of classic transformations in organic synthesis.
However, the regioselective cross-electrophile coupling of aryl epoxides
with aryl halides still represents a key challenge. Herein, we report
that the vitamin B12/Ni dual-catalytic system allows for
the selective synthesis of linear products under blue-light irradiation,
thus complementing methodologies that give access to branched alcohols.
Experimental and theoretical studies corroborate the proposed mechanism
involving alkylcobalamin as an intermediate in this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Potrząsaj
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Musiejuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Chaładaj
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Giedyk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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215
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Till NA, Oh S, MacMillan DWC, Bird MJ. The Application of Pulse Radiolysis to the Study of Ni(I) Intermediates in Ni-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9332-9337. [PMID: 34128676 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Here we report the use of pulse radiolysis and spectroelectrochemistry to generate low-valent nickel intermediates relevant to synthetically important Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions and interrogate their reactivities toward comproportionation and oxidative addition processes. Pulse radiolysis provided a direct means to generate singly reduced [(dtbbpy)NiBr], enabling the identification of a rapid Ni(0)/Ni(II) comproportionation process taking place under synthetically relevant electrolysis conditions. This approach also permitted the direct measurement of Ni(I) oxidative addition rates with electronically differentiated aryl iodide electrophiles (kOA = 1.3 × 104-2.4 × 105 M-1 s-1), an elementary organometallic step often proposed in nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Together, these results hold implications for a number of Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Till
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Seokjoon Oh
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - David W C MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Matthew J Bird
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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216
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Varabyeva N, Barysevich M, Aniskevich Y, Hurski A. Ti(O iPr) 4-Enabled Dual Photoredox and Nickel-Catalyzed Arylation and Alkenylation of Cyclopropanols. Org Lett 2021; 23:5452-5456. [PMID: 34170135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Readily available from esters or ketones, cyclopropanols are inclined to undergo diverse ring-opening transformations. Their one-electron oxidation is a conventional way to β-carbonyl radicals. However, despite this fact, their application as a coupling partner in dual photoredox and nickel-catalyzed reactions with organic halides remains underdeveloped. Here, we report that the Ti(OiPr)4 additive enables this elusive cross-coupling with aryl and alkenyl bromides leading to β-substituted ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastassia Varabyeva
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kupreviča Str. 5/2, Minsk 220141, Belarus
| | - Maryia Barysevich
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kupreviča Str. 5/2, Minsk 220141, Belarus
| | - Yauhen Aniskevich
- Belarusian State University, Niezaliežnasci Av. 4, Minsk 220030, Belarus
| | - Alaksiej Hurski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kupreviča Str. 5/2, Minsk 220141, Belarus
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217
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Jiang H, Yu X, Daniliuc CG, Studer A. Three-Component Aminoarylation of Electron-Rich Alkenes by Merging Photoredox with Nickel Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14399-14404. [PMID: 33871137 PMCID: PMC8252614 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A three-component 1,2-aminoarylation of vinyl ethers, enamides, ene-carbamates and vinyl thioethers by synergistic photoredox and nickel catalysis is reported. 2,2,2-Trifluoroethoxy carbonyl protected α-amino-oxy acids are used as amidyl radical precursors. anti-Markovnikov addition of the amidyl radical to the alkene and Ni-mediated radical/transition metal cross over lead to the corresponding 1,2-aminoarylation product. The radical cascade, which can be conducted under practical and mild conditions, features high functional group tolerance and broad substrate scope. Stereoselective 1,2-aminoarylation is achieved using a L-(+)-lactic acid derived vinyl ether as the substrate, offering a novel route for the preparation of protected enantiopure α-arylated β-amino alcohols. In addition, 1,2-aminoacylation of vinyl ethers is achieved by using an acyl succinimide as the electrophile for the Ni-mediated radical coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Jiang
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCorrensstraße 4048149MünsterGermany
- School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityNo. 800 Dongchuan Rd.200240ShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoye Yu
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCorrensstraße 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCorrensstraße 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCorrensstraße 4048149MünsterGermany
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218
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Zhou P, Li X, Wang D, Xu T. Dual Nickel- and Photoredox-Catalyzed Reductive Cross-Coupling to Access Chiral Trifluoromethylated Alkanes. Org Lett 2021; 23:4683-4687. [PMID: 34077223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A dual nickel/photoredox-catalyzed enantioselective reductive cross-coupling of aryl halides with CF3-substituted racemic alkyl electrophiles has been established. The approach accommodates a broad palette of aryl iodides and alkyl bromides to access a variety of chiral CF3-containing compounds. The exceptionally mild conditions (visible light, ambient temperature, no strong base) and no need for Grignard reagents or stoichiometric metallic reductants provide this transformation huge potential in the application of the late-stage functionalization of complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Xinxuan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Tao Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
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219
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Zhao G, Yao W, Kevlishvili I, Mauro JN, Liu P, Ngai MY. Nickel-Catalyzed Radical Migratory Coupling Enables C-2 Arylation of Carbohydrates. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8590-8596. [PMID: 34086440 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nickel catalysis offers exciting opportunities to address unmet challenges in organic synthesis. Herein we report the first nickel-catalyzed radical migratory cross-coupling reaction for the direct preparation of 2-aryl-2-deoxyglycosides from readily available 1-bromosugars and arylboronic acids. The reaction features a broad substrate scope and tolerates a wide range of functional groups and complex molecular architectures. Preliminary experimental and computational studies suggest a concerted 1,2-acyloxy rearrangement via a cyclic five-membered-ring transition state followed by nickel-catalyzed carbon-carbon bond formation. The novel reactivity provides an efficient route to valuable C-2-arylated carbohydrate mimics and building blocks, allows for new strategic bond disconnections, and expands the reactivity profile of nickel catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyuan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Wang Yao
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Ilia Kevlishvili
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Jaclyn N Mauro
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Ming-Yu Ngai
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States.,Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
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220
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Huan L, Shu X, Zu W, Zhong D, Huo H. Asymmetric benzylic C(sp 3)-H acylation via dual nickel and photoredox catalysis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3536. [PMID: 34112783 PMCID: PMC8192574 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23887-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric C(sp3)-H functionalization is a persistent challenge in organic synthesis. Here, we report an asymmetric benzylic C-H acylation of alkylarenes employing carboxylic acids as acyl surrogates for the synthesis of α-aryl ketones via nickel and photoredox dual catalysis. This mild yet straightforward protocol transforms a diverse array of feedstock carboxylic acids and simple alkyl benzenes into highly valuable α-aryl ketones with high enantioselectivities. The utility of this method is showcased in the gram-scale synthesis and late-stage modification of medicinally relevant molecules. Mechanistic studies suggest a photocatalytically generated bromine radical can perform benzylic C-H cleavage to activate alkylarenes as nucleophilic coupling partners which can then engage in a nickel-catalyzed asymmetric acyl cross-coupling reaction. This bromine-radical-mediated C-H activation strategy can be also applied to the enantioselective coupling of alkylarenes with chloroformate for the synthesis of chiral α-aryl esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leitao Huan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Weisai Zu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - De Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Haohua Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.
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221
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Dong W, Badir SO, Zhang X, Molander GA. Accessing Aliphatic Amines in C-C Cross-Couplings by Visible Light/Nickel Dual Catalysis. Org Lett 2021; 23:4250-4255. [PMID: 33998797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A general aminoalkylation of aryl halides was developed, overcoming intolerance of free amines in nickel-mediated C-C coupling. This transformation features broad functional group tolerance and high efficiency. Taking advantage of the fast desilylation of α-silylamines upon single-electron transfer (SET) facilitated by carbonate, α-amino radicals are generated regioselectively, which then engage in nickel-mediated C-C coupling. The reaction displays high chemoselectivity for C-C over C-N bond formation. Highly functionalized pharmacophores and peptides are also amenable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhe Dong
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Shorouk O Badir
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Xuange Zhang
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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222
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Jiang H, Yu X, Daniliuc CG, Studer A. Three‐Component Aminoarylation of Electron‐Rich Alkenes by Merging Photoredox with Nickel Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Jiang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
- School of Pharmacy Shanghai Jiao Tong University No. 800 Dongchuan Rd. 200240 Shanghai China
| | - Xiaoye Yu
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
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223
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Li YL, Zhang SQ, Chen J, Xia JB. Highly Regio- and Enantioselective Reductive Coupling of Alkynes and Aldehydes via Photoredox Cobalt Dual Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7306-7313. [PMID: 33951915 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A Co-catalyzed highly regio- and enantioselective reductive coupling of alkynes and aldehydes has been developed under visible light photoredox dual catalysis. A variety of enantioenriched allylic alcohols have been obtained by using unsymmetrical internal alkynes and commercially available catalyst, chiral ligand, and reagents. It is noteworthy that this approach has considerable advantages, such as excellent regio- (>95:5 for >40 examples), stereo- (up to >95:5 E/Z), and enantioselectivity (92-99% ee, >35 examples) control, mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, and good functional group compatibility, making it a great improvement to enantioselective alkyne-aldehyde reductive coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shi-Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ji-Bao Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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224
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Liu XG, Dong CS, Li F, Zhang B. Manganese-Mediated Direct Functionalization of Hantzsch Esters with Alkyl Iodides via an Aromatization-Dearomatization Strategy. Org Lett 2021; 23:4002-4007. [PMID: 33978430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We report, for the first time, manganese-mediated direct functionalization of the Hantzsch esters with readily accessible alkyl iodides through an aromatization-dearomatization strategy. Applying this protocol, a library of valuable 4-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines were facilely afforded in good yields. This simple and practical reaction proceeds under visible-light irradiation at room temperature and displays high functional-group compatibility. Additionally, the method is applicable for gram-scale synthesis and late-stage functionalization of complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Guan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ci-Shuang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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225
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Reischauer S, Pieber B. Recyclable, Bifunctional Metallaphotocatalysts for C−S Cross‐Coupling Reactions. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Reischauer
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
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226
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Marzo L. Recent Advances in Organic Synthesis Using Light‐Mediated N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leyre Marzo
- Organic Chemistry Department Módulo 1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7 Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
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227
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Townsend K, Huestis MP, Tellis JC. Photoredox/Nickel Dual Catalytic Cross-Coupling of Potassium Thiomethyltrifluoroborates with Aryl and Heteroaryl Bromides. J Org Chem 2021; 86:6937-6942. [PMID: 33908780 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The cross-coupling of S-aryl and S-alkyl potassium thiomethyltrifluoroborates with aryl and heteroaryl bromides is reported via photoredox/nickel dual catalysis. The transformation is achieved under mild conditions with commercially available or readily prepared, air stable reagents and affords benzylthioether products in moderate to good yields with good functional group tolerance. A practical and improved synthesis of potassium thiomethyltrifluoroborates is also reported that affords access to previously undescribed reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Townsend
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Malcolm P Huestis
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - John C Tellis
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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228
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Alrefai R, Hörner G, Schubert H, Berkefeld A. Broadly versus Barely Variable Complex Chromophores of Planar Nickel(II) from κ 3- N, N′, C and κ 3- N, N′, O Donor Platforms. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riyadh Alrefai
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gerald Hörner
- Anorganische Chemie IV, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schubert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Berkefeld
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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229
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Hou H, Zhou B, Wang J, Zhao D, Sun D, Chen X, Han Y, Yan C, Shi Y, Zhu S. Stereo- and Regioselective cis-Hydrophosphorylation of 1,3-Enynes Enabled by the Visible-Light Irradiation of NiCl 2(PPh 3) 2. Org Lett 2021; 23:2981-2987. [PMID: 33784463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Described herein is a stereo- and regioselective cis-hydrophosphorylation reaction of the internal alkyne of 1,3-enynes that accesses various 1,3-dienes in good isolated yields. The visible-light irradiation of NiCl2(PPh3)2 allows the generation of highly reactive nickel(II)-phosphorus species that subsequently migrate into the internal alkyne of the 1,3-enynes and protonate the resulting vinyl nickel species, leading to various phosphinoyl 1,3-butadienes under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hou
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Dengyang Zhao
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Duhao Sun
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212005, China
| | - Ying Han
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chaoguo Yan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yaocheng Shi
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shaoqun Zhu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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230
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Vijeta A, Casadevall C, Roy S, Reisner E. Visible-Light Promoted C-O Bond Formation with an Integrated Carbon Nitride-Nickel Heterogeneous Photocatalyst. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 133:8575-8580. [PMID: 38505321 PMCID: PMC10947600 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ni-deposited mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (Ni-mpg-CNx) is introduced as an inexpensive, robust, easily synthesizable and recyclable material that functions as an integrated dual photocatalytic system. This material overcomes the need of expensive photosensitizers, organic ligands and additives as well as limitations of catalyst deactivation in the existing photo/Ni dual catalytic cross-coupling reactions. The dual catalytic Ni-mpg-CNx is demonstrated for C-O coupling between aryl halides and aliphatic alcohols under mild condition. The reaction affords the ether product in good-to-excellent yields (60-92 %) with broad substrate scope, including heteroaryl and aryl halides bearing electron-withdrawing, -donating and neutral groups. The heterogeneous Ni-mpg-CNx can be easily recovered from the reaction mixture and reused over multiple cycles without loss of activity. The findings highlight exciting opportunities for dual catalysis promoted by a fully heterogeneous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Vijeta
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Carla Casadevall
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Souvik Roy
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
- Current address: School of ChemistryUniversity of LincolnJoseph Banks LaboratoriesLincolnLN6 7DLUK
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
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231
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Vijeta A, Casadevall C, Roy S, Reisner E. Visible-Light Promoted C-O Bond Formation with an Integrated Carbon Nitride-Nickel Heterogeneous Photocatalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8494-8499. [PMID: 33559927 PMCID: PMC8048670 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Ni-deposited mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (Ni-mpg-CNx ) is introduced as an inexpensive, robust, easily synthesizable and recyclable material that functions as an integrated dual photocatalytic system. This material overcomes the need of expensive photosensitizers, organic ligands and additives as well as limitations of catalyst deactivation in the existing photo/Ni dual catalytic cross-coupling reactions. The dual catalytic Ni-mpg-CNx is demonstrated for C-O coupling between aryl halides and aliphatic alcohols under mild condition. The reaction affords the ether product in good-to-excellent yields (60-92 %) with broad substrate scope, including heteroaryl and aryl halides bearing electron-withdrawing, -donating and neutral groups. The heterogeneous Ni-mpg-CNx can be easily recovered from the reaction mixture and reused over multiple cycles without loss of activity. The findings highlight exciting opportunities for dual catalysis promoted by a fully heterogeneous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Vijeta
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Carla Casadevall
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Souvik Roy
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
- Current address: School of ChemistryUniversity of LincolnJoseph Banks LaboratoriesLincolnLN6 7DLUK
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
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232
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Xu GQ, Xiao TF, Feng GX, Liu C, Zhang B, Xu PF. Metal-Free α-C(sp3)–H Aroylation of Amines via a Photoredox Catalytic Radical–Radical Cross-Coupling Process. Org Lett 2021; 23:2846-2852. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Teng-Fei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Xuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Chen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Baoxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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233
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Chen Y, Wang X, He X, An Q, Zuo Z. Photocatalytic Dehydroxymethylative Arylation by Synergistic Cerium and Nickel Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4896-4902. [PMID: 33756079 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Under mild reaction conditions with inexpensive cerium and nickel catalysts, easily accessible free alcohols can now be utilized as operationally simple and robust carbon pronucleophiles in selective C(sp3)-C(sp2) cross-couplings. Facilitated by automated high-throughput experimentation, sterically encumbered benzoate ligands have been identified for robust cerium complexes, enabling the synergistic cooperation of cerium catalysis in the emerging metallaphotoredox catalysis. A broad range of free alcohols and aromatic halides can be facilely employed in this transformation, representing a new paradigm for the C(sp3)-C(sp2) bond construction between free alcohols and aryl halides with the extrusion of formaldehyde. Moreover, mechanistic investigations have been conducted, leading to the identification of a tribenzoate cerium(III) complex as a viable intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuegang Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xu He
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qing An
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhiwei Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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234
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Abstract
Visible light photocatalysis has become a powerful tool in organic synthesis that uses photons as traceless, sustainable reagents. Most of the activities in the field focus on the development of new reactions via common photoredox cycles, but recently a number of exciting new concepts and strategies entered less charted territories. We survey approaches that enable the use of longer wavelengths and show that the wavelength and intensity of photons are import parameters that enable tuning of the reactivity of a photocatalyst to control or change the selectivity of chemical reactions. In addition, we discuss recent efforts to substitute strong reductants, such as elemental lithium and sodium, by light and technological advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Reischauer
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimalle 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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235
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Martínez
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Lukas Veth
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Bruno Lainer
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Paweł Dydio
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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236
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Dual Ni/photoredox-catalyzed asymmetric cross-coupling to access chiral benzylic boronic esters. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1646. [PMID: 33712612 PMCID: PMC7954797 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21947-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The flourishing Ni/photoredox-catalyzed asymmetric couplings typically rely on redox-neutral reactions. In this work, we report a reductive cross-coupling of aryl iodides and α-chloroboranes under a dual catalytic regime to further enrich the metallaphotoredox chemistry. This approach proceeds under mild conditions (visible light, ambient temperature, no strong base) to access the versatile benzylic boronic esters with good functional group tolerance and excellent enantioselectivities. Metallaphototoredox catalysis has been rarely applied to reductive cross-couplings, in contrast to typical redox-neutral methods. Here, the authors report a mild Ni/photoredox-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling of aryl iodides and α-chloroboranes, further enriching the metallaphotoredox chemistry.
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237
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Kammer LM, Badir SO, Hu RM, Molander GA. Photoactive electron donor-acceptor complex platform for Ni-mediated C(sp 3)-C(sp 2) bond formation. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5450-5457. [PMID: 34168786 PMCID: PMC8179655 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00943e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A dual photochemical/nickel-mediated decarboxylative strategy for the assembly of C(sp3)-C(sp2) linkages is disclosed. Under light irradiation at 390 nm, commercially available and inexpensive Hantzsch ester (HE) functions as a potent organic photoreductant to deliver catalytically active Ni(0) species through single-electron transfer (SET) manifolds. As part of its dual role, the Hantzsch ester effects a decarboxylative-based radical generation through electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex activation. This homogeneous, net-reductive platform bypasses the need for exogenous photocatalysts, stoichiometric metal reductants, and additives. Under this cross-electrophile paradigm, the coupling of diverse C(sp3)-centered radical architectures (including primary, secondary, stabilized benzylic, α-oxy, and α-amino systems) with (hetero)aryl bromides has been accomplished. The protocol proceeds under mild reaction conditions in the presence of sensitive functional groups and pharmaceutically relevant cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Marie Kammer
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Shorouk O Badir
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Ren-Ming Hu
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
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238
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Zheng J, Nikbakht A, Breit B. Dual Palladium/Photoredox-Catalyzed Enantioselective and Regioselective Decarboxylative Hydroaminoalkylation of Allenes. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zheng
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Ali Nikbakht
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Bernhard Breit
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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239
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Patel S, Badir SO, Molander GA. Developments in Photoredox-Mediated Alkylation for DNA-Encoded Libraries. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2021; 3:161-175. [PMID: 33987530 PMCID: PMC8112611 DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recently, DNA-encoded library (DEL) technology has emerged as an innovative screening modality for the rapid discovery of therapeutic candidates in pharmaceutical settings. This platform enables a cost-effective, time-efficient, and large-scale assembly and interrogation of billions of small organic ligands against a biological target in a single experiment. An outstanding challenge in DEL synthesis is the necessity for water-compatible transformations under ambient conditions. To access uncharted chemical space, the adoption of photoredox catalysis in DELs, including Ni-catalyzed manifolds and radical/polar crossover reactions, has enabled the construction of novel structural scaffolds through regulated odd-electron intermediates. Herein, a critical discussion of the validation of photoredox-mediated alkylation in DEL environments is presented. Current synthetic gaps are highlighted and opportunities for further development are speculated upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Patel
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Shorouk O. Badir
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
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240
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Paul S, Guin J. A General Approach to Intermolecular Olefin Hydroacylation through Light-Induced HAT Initiation: An Efficient Synthesis of Long-Chain Aliphatic Ketones and Functionalized Fatty Acids. Chemistry 2021; 27:4412-4419. [PMID: 33350515 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Herein, an operationally simple, environmentally benign and effective method for intermolecular radical hydroacylation of unactivated substrates by employing photo-induced hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) initiation is described. The use of commercially available and inexpensive photoinitiators (Ph2 CO and NHPI) makes the process attractive. The olefin hydroacylation protocol applies to a wide array of substrates bearing numerous functional groups and many complex structural units. The reaction proves to be scalable (up to 5 g). Different functionalized fatty acids, petrochemicals and naturally occurring alkanes can be synthesized with this protocol. A radical chain mechanism is implicated in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasis Paul
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Joyram Guin
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
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241
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Kariofillis SK, Doyle AG. Synthetic and Mechanistic Implications of Chlorine Photoelimination in Nickel/Photoredox C(sp 3)-H Cross-Coupling. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:988-1000. [PMID: 33511841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the development of light-driven reactions has contributed numerous advances in synthetic organic chemistry. A particularly active research area combines photoredox catalysis with nickel catalysis to accomplish otherwise inaccessible cross-coupling reactions. In these reactions, the photoredox catalyst absorbs light to generate an electronically excited charge-transfer state that can engage in electron or energy transfer with a substrate and the nickel catalyst. Our group questioned whether photoinduced activation of the nickel catalyst itself could also contribute new approaches to cross-coupling. Over the past 5 years, we have sought to advance this hypothesis for the development of a suite of mild and site-selective C(sp3)-H cross-coupling reactions with chloride-containing coupling partners via photoelimination of a Ni-Cl bond.On the basis of a report from the Nocera laboratory, we reasoned that photolysis of a Ni(III) aryl chloride species, generated by single-electron oxidation of a typical Ni(II) intermediate in cross-coupling, might allow for the catalytic generation of chlorine atoms. Combining this with the ability of Ni(II) to accept alkyl radicals, we hypothesized that photocatalytically generated chlorine atoms could mediate hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) with C(sp3)-H bonds to generate a substrate-derived alkyl radical that is captured by the Ni center in cross-coupling. A photoredox catalyst was envisioned to promote the necessary single-electron oxidation and reduction of the Ni catalyst to facilitate an overall redox-neutral process. Overall, this strategy would offer a visible-light-driven mechanism for chlorine radical formation enabled by the sequential capture of two photons.As an initial demonstration, we developed a Ni/photoredox-catalyzed α-oxy C(sp3)-H arylation of cyclic and acyclic ethers. This method was extended to a mild formylation of abundant and complex aryl chlorides through selective 2-functionalization of 1,3-dioxolane. Seeking to develop a suite of reactions that introduce carbon at all different oxidation states, we explored C(sp3)-H cross-coupling with trimethyl orthoformate, a common laboratory solvent. We found that trimethyl orthoformate serves as a source of methyl radical for a methylation reaction via β-scission from a tertiary radical generated upon chlorine-mediated HAT. Since chlorine radical is capable of abstracting unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds, our efforts have also been directed at cross-coupling with a range of feedstock chemicals, such as alkanes and toluenes, along with late-stage intermediates, using chloroformates as coupling partners. Overall, this platform enables access to valuable synthetic transformations with (hetero)aryl chlorides, which despite being the most ubiquitous and inexpensive aryl halide coupling partners, are rarely reactive in Ni/photoredox catalysis.Little is known about the photophysics and photochemistry of organometallic Ni complexes relevant to cross-coupling. We have conducted mechanistic investigations, including computational, spectroscopic, emission quenching, and stoichiometric oxidation studies, of Ni(II) aryl halide complexes common to Ni/photoredox reactions. These studies indicate that chlorine radical generation from excited Ni(III) is operative in the described C(sp3)-H functionalization methods. More generally, the studies illustrate that the photochemistry of cross-coupling catalysts cannot be ignored in metallaphotoredox reactions. We anticipate that further mechanistic understanding should facilitate new catalyst design and lead to the development of new synthetic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros K. Kariofillis
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Abigail G. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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242
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Chen X, Li L, Pei C, Li J, Zou D, Wu Y, Wu Y. Visible-Light-Induced Direct Csp 2-H Radical Trifluoroethylation of Coumarins with 1,1,1-Trifluoro-2-iodoethane (CF 3CH 2I). J Org Chem 2021; 86:2772-2783. [PMID: 33492969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we developed the first visible-light-induced direct Csp2-H radical 2,2,2-trifluoroethylation of coumarins with commercially available and cheap reagent CF3CH2I at room temperature. This transformation proceeded smoothly under mild conditions and showed excellent functional group compatibility. The synthetic value of the protocol was also demonstrated by the successful functionalization of several pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Chen
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Li
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Congcong Pei
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingya Li
- Tetranov Biopharm, LLC, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Dapeng Zou
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangjie Wu
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yusheng Wu
- Tetranov Biopharm, LLC, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China.,Tetranov International, Inc., 100 Jersey Avenue, Suite A340, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
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243
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Kim Y, Iwai T, Fujii S, Ueno K, Sawamura M. Dumbbell-Shaped 2,2'-Bipyridines: Controlled Metal Monochelation and Application to Ni-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings. Chemistry 2021; 27:2289-2293. [PMID: 33159337 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
2,2'-Bipyridine ligands (dsbpys) with dumbbell-like shapes and differently substituted triarylmethyl groups at the C5 and C5' positions showed high ligand performance in the Ni-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling and the Ni/photoredox-synergistically catalyzed decarboxylative coupling reactions. The superior ligand effects of dsbpys compared to the conventional bpy ligands were attributed to the monochelating nature of dsbpys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Iwai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Sho Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kosei Ueno
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masaya Sawamura
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
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244
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Murugesan K, Donabauer K, König B. Visible-Light-Promoted Metal-Free Synthesis of (Hetero)Aromatic Nitriles from C(sp 3 )-H Bonds*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:2439-2445. [PMID: 33053270 PMCID: PMC7898869 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The metal-free activation of C(sp3 )-H bonds to value-added products is of paramount importance in organic synthesis. We report the use of the commercially available organic dye 2,4,6-triphenylpyrylium tetrafluoroborate (TPP) for the conversion of methylarenes to the corresponding aryl nitriles via a photocatalytic process. Applying this methodology, a variety of cyanobenzenes have been synthesized in good to excellent yield under metal- and cyanide-free conditions. We demonstrate the scope of the method with over 50 examples including late-stage functionalization of drug molecules (celecoxib) and complex structures such as l-menthol, amino acids, and cholesterol derivatives. Furthermore, the presented synthetic protocol is applicable for gram-scale reactions. In addition to methylarenes, selected examples for the cyanation of aldehydes, alcohols and oximes are demonstrated as well. Detailed mechanistic investigations have been carried out using time-resolved luminescence quenching studies, control experiments, and NMR spectroscopy as well as kinetic studies, all supporting the proposed catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Burkhard König
- Faculty of Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of RegensburgGermany
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245
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Potenti S, Gualandi A, Puggioli A, Fermi A, Bergamini G, Cozzi PG. Photoredox Allylation Reactions Mediated by Bismuth in Aqueous Conditions. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Potenti
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician” ALMA MATER STUDIORUM Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
- Laboratorio SMART Scuola Normale Superiore Piazza dei Cavalieri 7 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Andrea Gualandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician” ALMA MATER STUDIORUM Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Alessio Puggioli
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician” ALMA MATER STUDIORUM Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Andrea Fermi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician” ALMA MATER STUDIORUM Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Giacomo Bergamini
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician” ALMA MATER STUDIORUM Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Pier Giorgio Cozzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician” ALMA MATER STUDIORUM Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
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246
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Swarnkar S, Ansari MY, Kumar A. Visible-Light-Induced Tertiary C(sp3)–H Sulfonylation: An Approach to Tertiary Sulfones. Org Lett 2021; 23:1163-1168. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumedha Swarnkar
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Mohd Yeshab Ansari
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Atul Kumar
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110001, India
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247
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Das S, Murugesan K, Villegas Rodríguez GJ, Kaur J, Barham JP, Savateev A, Antonietti M, König B. Photocatalytic (Het)arylation of C(sp3)–H Bonds with Carbon Nitride. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Das
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kathiravan Murugesan
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Joshua P. Barham
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Aleksandr Savateev
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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248
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Borlinghaus N, Kaschel J, Klee J, Haller V, Schetterl J, Heitz S, Lindner T, Dietrich JD, Braje WM, Jolit A. Reagent and Catalyst Capsules: A Chemical Delivery System for Reaction Screening and Parallel Synthesis. J Org Chem 2021; 86:1357-1370. [PMID: 33295768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Commercially available hydroxypropyl methylcellulose capsules are employed as a fast, safe, and user-friendly chemical delivery system containing all reagents (catalyst, ligand, and base) for three important transition-metal-catalyzed reactions: Buchwald-Hartwig, Suzuki-Miyaura, and metallophotoredox C-N cross-coupling reactions. This encapsulation methodology simplifies the screening of reaction conditions and the preparation of compound libraries using parallel synthesis in organic solvents or aqueous media. These reagents-containing HPMC capsules are easy to prepare, come in different sizes, and can be stored on the bench under noninert conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niginia Borlinghaus
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kaschel
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Johanna Klee
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Haller
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Schetterl
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Heitz
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Tanja Lindner
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Justin D Dietrich
- Research and Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Wilfried M Braje
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Anais Jolit
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
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249
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Liu J, Wei Y, Shi M. Mechanistic Studies on Propargyl
Alcohol‐Tethered
Alkylidenecyclopropane with Aryldiazonium Salt Initiated by Visible Light. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518000 China
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250
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Li Z, Qiu X, Lou J, Wang Q. Progress in Visible-Light Catalyzed C—F Bond Functionalization of gem-Difluoroalkenes. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202106013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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