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Öfverholm A, Einbeigi Z, Wigermo A, Holmberg E, Karsson P. Increased Overall Mortality Even after Risk Reducing Surgery for BRCA-Positive Women in Western Sweden. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10121046. [PMID: 31888263 PMCID: PMC6947302 DOI: 10.3390/genes10121046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Women with BRCA variants have a high lifetime risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the standard incidence ratios (SIR) for breast and ovarian cancer and standard mortality ratios (SMR) in a population-based cohort of women in Western Sweden, under surveillance and after risk reducing surgery. Women who tested positive for a BRCA variant between 1995–2016 (n = 489) were prospectively registered and followed up for cancer incidence, risk reducing surgery and mortality. The Swedish Cancer Register was used to compare breast and ovarian cancer incidence and mortality with and without risk reducing surgery for women with BRCA variants in comparison to women in the general population. SIR for breast cancer under surveillance until risk-reducing mastectomy (RRM) was 14.0 (95% CI 9.42–20.7) and decreased to 1.93 (95% CI 0.48–7.7) after RRM. The SIR for ovarian cancer was 124.6 (95% CI 59.4–261.3) under surveillance until risk reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) and decreased to 13.5 (95% CI 4.34–41.8) after RRSO. The SMR under surveillance before any risk reducing surgery was 5.56 (95% 2.09–14.8) and after both RRM and RRSO 4.32 (95% CI 1.62–11.5). Women with cancer diagnoses from the pathology report after risk reducing surgery were excluded from the analyses. Risk reducing surgery reduced the incidence of breast and ovarian cancer in women with BRCA variants. However, overall mortality was significantly increased in comparison to the women in the general population and remained elevated even after risk reducing surgery. These findings warrant further research regarding additional measures for these women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Öfverholm
- Department of Oncology, Institution of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; (A.Ö.); (Z.E.); (E.H.)
| | - Zakaria Einbeigi
- Department of Oncology, Institution of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; (A.Ö.); (Z.E.); (E.H.)
| | | | - Erik Holmberg
- Department of Oncology, Institution of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; (A.Ö.); (Z.E.); (E.H.)
| | - Per Karsson
- Department of Oncology, Institution of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; (A.Ö.); (Z.E.); (E.H.)
- Correspondence:
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202
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Taniguchi-Ponciano K, Huerta-Padilla V, Baeza-Xochihua V, Ponce-Navarrete G, Salcedo E, Gomez-Apo E, Chavez-Macias L, Aviles-Duran J, Ruiz-Sanchez H, Valdivia A, Peralta R, Romero-Anduaga H, Rosas-Vargas H, Quijano F, Salcedo M, Marrero-Rodríguez D. Revisiting the Genomic and Transcriptomic Landscapes from Female Malignancies Could Provide Molecular Markers and Targets for Precision Medicine. Arch Med Res 2019; 50:428-436. [PMID: 31783305 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Gynaecological malignancies such as breast, ovarian and cervical cancers have become an important public health problem. Detection of molecular alterations in cancer research is fundamental since it can reveal specific pathogenic patterns and genes that could serve as markers. Our aim was to characterize common genomic and transcriptomic signatures for the three gynaecologic malignancies with the highest incidence and mortality to try to identify new molecular markers, therapeutic targets and molecular signatures. METHODS Here we analysed a total of 723 microarray libraries corresponding to equal number of breast, ovary and cervical cancer and non-cancer patient samples. Copy number variation (CNV) was carried out using 428 libraries and transcriptomic analysis using the 295 remaining samples. RESULTS Our results showed that breast, ovary and cervical malignancies are characterized by gain of 1q chromosome. At transcriptomic level, they share 351 coding and non-coding genes, which could represent core transcriptome of gynaecological malignancies. Pathway analysis from the resulting gene lists from CNV and expression showed participation in cell cycle, metabolism, and cell adhesion molecules among others. CONCLUSIONS Chromosome 1q characterize the gynaecological malignancies, which could harbour a richness of genetic repertoire to mine for molecular markers and targets, particular gynaecologic expression profile, containing FANCI, FH and MIR155HG among others, could represent part of the transcriptomic core for diagnostic test and attractive therapeutic targets. It may not be long before every human cancer sample is profiled for a detections test to ascertain a molecular diagnosis and prognosis and to define an optimal and precise treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Taniguchi-Ponciano
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología Comparada, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Laboratorio de Oncología Genómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional, Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Victor Huerta-Padilla
- Laboratorio de Oncología Genómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional, Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Laboratorio de Quimioterapia Experimental, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Victor Baeza-Xochihua
- Laboratorio de Oncología Genómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional, Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Ponce-Navarrete
- Laboratorio de Oncología Genómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional, Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Emmanuel Salcedo
- Laboratorio de Oncología Genómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional, Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Erick Gomez-Apo
- Área de Neuropatología, Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Laura Chavez-Macias
- Área de Neuropatología, Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Julio Aviles-Duran
- Laboratorio de Oncología Genómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional, Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Hilario Ruiz-Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Oncología Genómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional, Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Valdivia
- Escuela Superior de Enfermería y Obstetricia, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Raul Peralta
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Universidad Autónoma de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Hugo Romero-Anduaga
- Servicio de Radioterapia, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional, Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Haydeé Rosas-Vargas
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional, Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Felix Quijano
- Jefatura de Investigación y Enseñanza, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional, Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Salcedo
- Laboratorio de Oncología Genómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional, Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Daniel Marrero-Rodríguez
- CONACyT-Laboratorio de Endocrinología Experimental, Unidad de Investigación Medica en Endocrinología Experimental, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional, Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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203
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How Do We Respond to Men with BRCA Mutations when They Ask About Prostate Cancer? Eur Urol 2019; 77:36-37. [PMID: 31676126 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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204
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Abstract
The incidence of melanoma continues to increase worldwide. In the United States, melanoma is the fifth most common cancer in men and the sixth most common cancer in women. The risk factors contributing to melanoma have largely remained unchanged, but there is a new focus on modifiable risk factors including sun exposure and ultraviolet light. A large public initiative supported by the Centers for Disease Control focuses on educating the public on the risks of sun exposure and indoor tanning. Early detection and resection of melanoma lesions is necessary to prevent metastasis and reduce medical costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Carr
- General Surgery, Marshfield Medical Center, 1000 North Oak Avenue, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA
| | - Christy Smith
- General Surgery, Marshfield Medical Center, 1000 North Oak Avenue, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA
| | - Jessica Wernberg
- General Surgery, Marshfield Medical Center, 1000 North Oak Avenue, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA.
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205
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Yung RL, Korde LA. Hereditary Cancer Evaluation in 2019—a Rapidly Evolving Landscape. JAMA Oncol 2019; 5:1539-1541. [DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.3431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Yung
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Larissa A. Korde
- Clinical Investigations Branch, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
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206
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Valiakhmetova A, Gorelyshev S, Konovalov A, Trunin Y, Savateev A, Kram DE, Severson E, Hemmerich A, Edgerly C, Duncan D, Britt N, Huang RS, Elvin J, Miller V, Ross JS, Gay L, McCorkle J, Rankin A, Erlich RL, Chudnovsky Y, Ramkissoon SH. Treatment of Pediatric Glioblastoma with Combination Olaparib and Temozolomide Demonstrates 2-Year Durable Response. Oncologist 2019; 25:e198-e202. [PMID: 32043779 PMCID: PMC7011619 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
For pediatric patients with high-grade gliomas, standard-of-care treatment includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy; however, most patients ultimately succumb to their disease. With advances in genomic characterization of pediatric high-grade gliomas, the use of targeted therapies in combination with current treatment modalities offer the potential to improve survival in this patient population. In this report, we present the case of a 3-year-old girl with glioblastoma who continues to experience an exceptional and durable response (>2 years) to the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib. Our patient presented with persistent and progressive seizure activity that upon workup was the result of a large heterogeneously enhancing, mixed cystic and solid mass in the left frontal-parietal-temporal region. Histopathologic analysis of resected tumor tissue confirmed the diagnosis of glioblastoma, and comprehensive genomic profiling demonstrated absence of any BRAF or H3F3A mutations. Genomic profiling, however, did reveal a probable germline heterozygous BRCA2 Lys3326Ter (K3226*) nonsense variant. After debulking surgery, the patient received standard-of-care treatment with radiation and temozolomide. Nine months later the PARP inhibitor olaparib was administered in combination with temozolomide for 16 cycles. This regimen was well tolerated by the patient and serial imaging showed reduction in tumor size. Since completion of the regimen, the patient remains neurologically intact with no evidence of tumor recurrence. To our knowledge, this represents the first case of a pediatric glioblastoma that maintains a durable response to a therapeutic strategy that included the PARP inhibitor olaparib and more generally highlights the potential clinical utility of incorporating these agents into the treatment of pediatric high-grade gliomas. KEY POINTS: Germline mutations detected in pediatric gliomas may represent a cancer predisposition syndrome. Integrating molecular testing into routine clinical care for pediatric patients with glioma is critical to identify therapeutic targets and patients with a cancer predisposition syndrome. Patients with glioma with defects in DNA repair pathway components (e.g., BRCA1/2) may show increased responsiveness to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Combining PARP inhibitors with temozolomide (standard-of-care treatment) revealed no adverse events or toxicities over the course of 18 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andge Valiakhmetova
- Federal State Autonomous Institution, N. N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationMoscowRussia
| | - Sergey Gorelyshev
- Federal State Autonomous Institution, N. N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationMoscowRussia
| | - Alexander Konovalov
- Federal State Autonomous Institution, N. N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationMoscowRussia
| | - Yuri Trunin
- Federal State Autonomous Institution, N. N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationMoscowRussia
| | - Alexander Savateev
- Federal State Autonomous Institution, N. N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationMoscowRussia
| | - David E. Kram
- Section of Pediatric Hematology‐Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SaleNorth CarolinaUSA
- Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Eric Severson
- Foundation Medicine, Inc.MorrisvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | | | - Daniel Duncan
- Foundation Medicine, Inc.MorrisvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | | | - Julia Elvin
- Foundation Medicine, Inc.CambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Jeffrey S. Ross
- Foundation Medicine, Inc.CambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Pathology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - Laurie Gay
- Foundation Medicine, Inc.CambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Shakti H. Ramkissoon
- Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Foundation Medicine, Inc.MorrisvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
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207
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Johansson PA, Nathan V, Bourke LM, Palmer JM, Zhang T, Symmons J, Howlie M, Patch AM, Read J, Holland EA, Schmid H, Warrier S, Glasson W, Höiom V, Wadt K, Jönsson G, Olsson H, Ingvar C, Mann G, Brown KM, Hayward NK, Pritchard AL. Evaluation of the contribution of germline variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 to uveal and cutaneous melanoma. Melanoma Res 2019; 29:483-490. [PMID: 31464824 PMCID: PMC6716616 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Germline mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 predispose individuals to a high risk of breast and ovarian cancer, and elevated risk of other cancers, including those of the pancreas and prostate. BRCA2 mutation carriers may have increased risk of uveal melanoma (UM) and cutaneous melanoma (CM), but associations with these cancers in BRCA1 mutation carriers have been mixed. Here, we further assessed whether UM and CM are associated with BRCA1 or BRCA2 by assessing the presence, segregation and reported/predicted pathogenicity of rare germline mutations (variant allele frequency < 0.01) in families with multiple members affected by these cancers. Whole-genome or exome sequencing was performed on 160 CM and/or UM families from Australia, the Netherlands, Denmark and Sweden. Between one and five cases were sequenced from each family, totalling 307 individuals. Sanger sequencing was performed to validate BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline variants and to assess carrier status in other available family members. A nonsense and a frameshift mutation were identified in BRCA1, both resulting in premature truncation of the protein (the first at p.Q516 and the second at codon 91, after the introduction of seven amino acids due to a frameshift deletion). These variants co-segregated with CM in individuals who consented for testing and were present in individuals with pancreatic, prostate and breast cancer in the respective families. In addition, 33 rare missense mutations (variant allele frequency ranging from 0.00782 to 0.000001 in the aggregated ExAC data) were identified in 34 families. Examining the previously reported evidence of functional consequence of these variants revealed all had been classified as either benign or of unknown consequence. Seeking further evidence of an association between BRCA1 variants and melanoma, we examined two whole-genome/exome sequenced collections of sporadic CM patients (total N = 763). We identified one individual with a deleterious BRCA1 variant, however, this allele was lost (with the wild-type allele remaining) in the corresponding CM, indicating that defective BRCA1 was not a driver of tumorigenesis in this instance. Although this is the first time that deleterious BRCA1 mutations have been described in high-density CM families, we conclude that there is an insufficient burden of evidence to state that the increased familial CM or UM susceptibility is because of these variants. In addition, in conjunction with other studies, we conclude that the previously described association between BRCA2 mutations and UM susceptibility represents a rare source of increased risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Johansson
- Oncogenomics Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - Vaishnavi Nathan
- Oncogenomics Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - Lauren M. Bourke
- Oncogenomics Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - Jane M. Palmer
- Oncogenomics Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - Tongwu Zhang
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Judith Symmons
- Oncogenomics Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - Madeleine Howlie
- Oncogenomics Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - Ann-Marie Patch
- Medical Genomics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - Jazlyn Read
- Oncogenomics Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A. Holland
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, North Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2065, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Helen Schmid
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, North Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2065, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Sunil Warrier
- Queensland Ocular Oncology Service, The Terrace Eye Centre, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - William Glasson
- Queensland Ocular Oncology Service, The Terrace Eye Centre, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Veronica Höiom
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Wadt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, 4062, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Göran Jönsson
- Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Sweden
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Sweden
| | - Christian Ingvar
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Graham Mann
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, North Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2065, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Kevin M. Brown
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicholas K. Hayward
- Oncogenomics Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - Antonia L. Pritchard
- Oncogenomics Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia
- Genetics and Immunology, An Lòchran, University of the Highlands and Island, Inverness, United Kingdom
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208
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Oh M, McBride A, Yun S, Bhattacharjee S, Slack M, Martin JR, Jeter J, Abraham I. BRCA1 and BRCA2 Gene Mutations and Colorectal Cancer Risk: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2019; 110:1178-1189. [PMID: 30380096 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djy148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Investigations of the associations with colorectal cancer have yielded conflicting results. The aim of our study was to synthesize the research on colorectal cancer risks in BRCA mutation carriers by means of a systematic review and quantitatively by means of meta-analyses overall and in subgroups of BRCA mutation carriers. Methods We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, and ProQuest Dissertation & Theses. Unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) were used to derive pooled estimates of colorectal cancer risk overall and in subgroups defined by mutation type (BRCA1 or BRCA2), cancer type (colorectal or colon cancer), study design (age-sex-adjusted or crude), and ascertainment method (ascertained or inferred genotyping). The associations were evaluated using random-effect models. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results Eighteen studies were included in the systematic review: five cohort studies with ascertained BRCA mutation, six cohort studies involving pedigree analysis, five case-control studies, and two kin-cohort studies. Of these, 14 were used in the meta-analysis, which revealed a statistically significant increased risk of colorectal cancer in overall BRCA mutation carriers (OR = 1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02 to 1.51, P = .03). In subgroup meta-analyses by BRCA type, BRCA1 mutation was associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer (OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.19 to 1.85, P < .001), but BRCA2 was not (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.77 to 1.58, P = .61). In subgroup meta-analyses of studies reporting estimates adjusted for age and sex, an increased risk of colorectal cancer for BRCA1 (OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.23 to 1.98, P < .001), but not for BRCA2 (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.75 to 1.58, P = .66) was observed. Analyses stratified by ascertainment method found no association between BRCA mutation and colorectal cancer risk. Conclusion The meta-analysis results provide clinicians and health-care regulatory agencies with evidence of the increased risk of colorectal cancer in BRCA1 mutation carriers, but not in BRCA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mok Oh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, Center for Health Outcomes and PharmacoEconomic Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Ali McBride
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, Banner University Medical Center, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ
| | - Seongseok Yun
- Malignant Hematology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Sandipan Bhattacharjee
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Marion Slack
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Jennifer R Martin
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.,Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, Arizona Health Sciences Library, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Joanne Jeter
- Departments of Human Genetics and Medical Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Ivo Abraham
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, Center for Health Outcomes and PharmacoEconomic Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.,Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.,Department of Human Genetics and Medical Oncology, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine - Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
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209
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Childers KK, Maggard-Gibbons M, Macinko J, Childers CP. National Distribution of Cancer Genetic Testing in the United States: Evidence for a Gender Disparity in Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer. JAMA Oncol 2019; 4:876-879. [PMID: 29710084 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly K Childers
- Center for Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Providence Health & Services Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Melinda Maggard-Gibbons
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - James Macinko
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles.,Department of Community Health Services, University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles
| | - Christopher P Childers
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles.,Department of Health Policy and Management, University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles
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210
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Essers PBM, van der Heijden M, Verhagen CVM, Ploeg EM, de Roest RH, Leemans CR, Brakenhoff RH, van den Brekel MWM, Bartelink H, Verheij M, Vens C. Drug Sensitivity Prediction Models Reveal a Link between DNA Repair Defects and Poor Prognosis in HNSCC. Cancer Res 2019; 79:5597-5611. [PMID: 31515237 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is characterized by the frequent manifestation of DNA crosslink repair defects. We established novel expression-based DNA repair defect markers to determine the clinical impact of such repair defects. Using hypersensitivity to the DNA crosslinking agents, mitomycin C and olaparib, as proxies for functional DNA repair defects in a panel of 25 HNSCC cell lines, we applied machine learning to define gene expression models that predict repair defects. The expression profiles established predicted hypersensitivity to DNA-damaging agents and were associated with mutations in crosslink repair genes, as well as downregulation of DNA damage response and repair genes, in two independent datasets. The prognostic value of the repair defect prediction profiles was assessed in two retrospective cohorts with a total of 180 patients with advanced HPV-negative HNSCC, who were treated with cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy. DNA repair defects, as predicted by the profiles, were associated with poor outcome in both patient cohorts. The poor prognosis association was particularly strong in normoxic tumor samples and was linked to an increased risk of distant metastasis. In vitro, only crosslink repair-defective HNSCC cell lines are highly migratory and invasive. This phenotype could also be induced in cells by inhibiting rad51 in repair competent and reduced by DNA-PK inhibition. In conclusion, DNA crosslink repair prediction expression profiles reveal a poor prognosis association in HNSCC. SIGNIFICANCE: This study uses innovative machine learning-based approaches to derive models that predict the effect of DNA repair defects on treatment outcome in HNSCC.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/79/21/5597/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul B M Essers
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn van der Heijden
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline V M Verhagen
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Emily M Ploeg
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Reinout H de Roest
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, VUmc Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C René Leemans
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, VUmc Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ruud H Brakenhoff
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, VUmc Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michiel W M van den Brekel
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harry Bartelink
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Verheij
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Conchita Vens
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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211
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Owens DK, Davidson KW, Krist AH, Barry MJ, Cabana M, Caughey AB, Doubeni CA, Epling JW, Kubik M, Landefeld CS, Mangione CM, Pbert L, Silverstein M, Simon MA, Tseng CW, Wong JB. Risk Assessment, Genetic Counseling, and Genetic Testing for BRCA-Related Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA 2019; 322:652-665. [PMID: 31429903 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2019.10987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Potentially harmful mutations of the breast cancer susceptibility 1 and 2 genes (BRCA1/2) are associated with increased risk for breast, ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancer. For women in the United States, breast cancer is the most common cancer after nonmelanoma skin cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death. In the general population, BRCA1/2 mutations occur in an estimated 1 in 300 to 500 women and account for 5% to 10% of breast cancer cases and 15% of ovarian cancer cases. OBJECTIVE To update the 2013 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on risk assessment, genetic counseling, and genetic testing for BRCA-related cancer. EVIDENCE REVIEW The USPSTF reviewed the evidence on risk assessment, genetic counseling, and genetic testing for potentially harmful BRCA1/2 mutations in asymptomatic women who have never been diagnosed with BRCA-related cancer, as well as those with a previous diagnosis of breast, ovarian, tubal, or peritoneal cancer who have completed treatment and are considered cancer free. In addition, the USPSTF reviewed interventions to reduce the risk for breast, ovarian, tubal, or peritoneal cancer in women with potentially harmful BRCA1/2 mutations, including intensive cancer screening, medications, and risk-reducing surgery. FINDINGS For women whose family or personal history is associated with an increased risk for harmful mutations in the BRCA1/2 genes, or who have an ancestry associated with BRCA1/2 gene mutations, there is adequate evidence that the benefits of risk assessment, genetic counseling, genetic testing, and interventions are moderate. For women whose personal or family history or ancestry is not associated with an increased risk for harmful mutations in the BRCA1/2 genes, there is adequate evidence that the benefits of risk assessment, genetic counseling, genetic testing, and interventions are small to none. Regardless of family or personal history, the USPSTF found adequate evidence that the overall harms of risk assessment, genetic counseling, genetic testing, and interventions are small to moderate. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION The USPSTF recommends that primary care clinicians assess women with a personal or family history of breast, ovarian, tubal, or peritoneal cancer or who have an ancestry associated with BRCA1/2 gene mutations with an appropriate brief familial risk assessment tool. Women with a positive result on the risk assessment tool should receive genetic counseling and, if indicated after counseling, genetic testing. (B recommendation) The USPSTF recommends against routine risk assessment, genetic counseling, or genetic testing for women whose personal or family history or ancestry is not associated with potentially harmful BRCA1/2 gene mutations. (D recommendation).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas K Owens
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
- Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Karina W Davidson
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research at Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
| | - Alex H Krist
- Fairfax Family Practice Residency, Fairfax, Virginia
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lori Pbert
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | | | | | - Chien-Wen Tseng
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu
- Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - John B Wong
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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212
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Zalewski M, Kulbacka J, Saczko J, Drag-Zalesinska M, Choromanska A. Valspodar-modulated chemotherapy in human ovarian cancer cells SK-OV-3 and MDAH-2774. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2019; 19:234-241. [PMID: 30957724 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2019.4073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Overcoming drug resistance in ovarian cancer is the overarching goal in gynecologic oncology. One way to increase drug cytotoxicity without increasing the drug dose is to simultaneously apply multidrug resistance modulator. Valspodar is the second generation P-glycoprotein 1 modulator capable of reversing multidrug resistance in different cancers. In this study, we evaluated the effect of valspodar and cisplatin co-treatment on cell viability, cell death and oxidative status in ovarian cancer cells. Two human ovarian cancer cell lines SK-OV-3 and MDAH-2774 were treated with cisplatin, valspodar, or cisplatin + valspodar for 24 or 48 hours. Untreated cells were used as control group. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. Cell death was assessed by TUNEL and comet assay. Lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) and protein thiol groups were analyzed as oxidative stress markers. The expression of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) was assessed by immunocytochemistry. Valspodar effectively reduced the resistance of SK-OV-3 cells to cisplatin, as demonstrated by increased oxidative stress, decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis in SK-OV-3 cells co-treated with valspodar and cisplatin compared to other groups. However, valspodar did not significantly affect the resistance of MDAH-2774 cells to cisplatin. Stronger staining for MnSOD in MDAH-2774 vs. SK-OV-3 cells after co-treatment with cisplatin and valspodar may determine the resistance of MDAH-2774 cell line to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Zalewski
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
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213
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Nelson HD, Pappas M, Cantor A, Haney E, Holmes R. Risk Assessment, Genetic Counseling, and Genetic Testing for BRCA-Related Cancer in Women: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA 2019; 322:666-685. [PMID: 31429902 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2019.8430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Pathogenic mutations in breast cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 increase risks for breast, ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancer in women; interventions reduce risk in mutation carriers. OBJECTIVE To update the 2013 US Preventive Services Task Force review on benefits and harms of risk assessment, genetic counseling, and genetic testing for BRCA1/2-related cancer in women. DATA SOURCES Cochrane libraries; MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE (January 1, 2013, to March 6, 2019, for updates; January 1, 1994, to March 6, 2019, for new key questions and populations); reference lists. STUDY SELECTION Discriminatory accuracy studies, randomized clinical trials (RCTs), and observational studies of women without recently diagnosed BRCA1/2-related cancer. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Data on study methods, setting, population characteristics, eligibility criteria, interventions, numbers enrolled and lost to follow-up, outcome ascertainment, and results were abstracted. Two reviewers independently assessed study quality. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Cancer incidence and mortality; discriminatory accuracy of risk assessment tools for BRCA1/2 mutations; benefits and harms of risk assessment, genetic counseling, genetic testing, and risk-reducing interventions. RESULTS For this review, 103 studies (110 articles; N = 92 712) were included. No studies evaluated the effectiveness of risk assessment, genetic counseling, and genetic testing in reducing incidence and mortality of BRCA1/2-related cancer. Fourteen studies (n = 43 813) of 8 risk assessment tools to guide referrals to genetic counseling demonstrated moderate to high accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.68-0.96). Twenty-eight studies (n = 8060) indicated that genetic counseling was associated with reduced breast cancer worry, anxiety, and depression; increased understanding of risk; and decreased intention for testing. Twenty studies (n = 4322) showed that breast cancer worry and anxiety were higher after testing for women with positive results and lower for others; understanding of risk was higher after testing. In 8 RCTs (n = 54 651), tamoxifen (relative risk [RR], 0.69 [95% CI, 0.59-0.84]; 4 trials), raloxifene (RR, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.24-0.80]; 2 trials), and aromatase inhibitors (RR, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.26-0.70]; 2 trials) were associated with lower risks of invasive breast cancer compared with placebo; results were not specific to mutation carriers. Mastectomy was associated with 90% to 100% reduction in breast cancer incidence (6 studies; n = 2546) and 81% to 100% reduction in breast cancer mortality (1 study; n = 639); oophorectomy was associated with 69% to 100% reduction in ovarian cancer (2 studies; n = 2108); complications were common with mastectomy. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among women without recently diagnosed BRCA1/2-related cancer, the benefits and harms of risk assessment, genetic counseling, and genetic testing to reduce cancer incidence and mortality have not been directly evaluated by current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi D Nelson
- Pacific Northwest Evidence-based Practice Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Miranda Pappas
- Pacific Northwest Evidence-based Practice Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Amy Cantor
- Pacific Northwest Evidence-based Practice Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Elizabeth Haney
- Pacific Northwest Evidence-based Practice Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Rebecca Holmes
- Pacific Northwest Evidence-based Practice Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
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214
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Bercow AS, Eisenhauer EL. Screening and surgical prophylaxis for hereditary cancer syndromes with high risk of endometrial and ovarian cancer. J Surg Oncol 2019; 120:864-872. [PMID: 31355450 DOI: 10.1002/jso.25645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In the era of advanced cancer genomics, our recognition of hereditary cancer mutations continues to increase. Two of these conditions, which carry an increased risk of female cancers including endometrial, ovarian, breast, are hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome and Lynch syndrome. Risk-reducing surgery, such as mastectomy, salpingo-oophorectomy, and hysterectomy may decrease cancer risk for mutation carriers. Background, indications, techniques, and consequences of these surgical procedures are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S Bercow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eric L Eisenhauer
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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215
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Saldia A, Olson SH, Nunes P, Liang X, Samson ML, Salo-Mullen E, Marcell V, Stadler ZK, Allen PJ, Offit K, Kurtz RC. Outcome of Pancreatic Cancer Surveillance Among High-Risk Individuals Tested for Germline Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2019; 12:599-608. [PMID: 31337648 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-18-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Germline mutations in BRCA1/2 are risk factors for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether results of surveillance for PDAC in high risk individuals (HRI) differ between those with and without a pathogenic BRCA1/2 mutation. This prospective study was conducted within the Pancreatic Tumor Registry at a major cancer center. There were 83 HRIs with ≥1 first-degree relative with PDAC who underwent surveillance and testing for pathogenic germline mutations in BRCA1/2 A secondary analysis includes 18 HRIs with known mutations in BRCA1/2 but with weaker family history. HRIs were evaluated over time using magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and endoscopic ultrasound when indicated by MRCP findings. We reviewed imaging results, blinded to mutation status. Demographic information was obtained from interviewer-administered questionnaires. The outcome was the proportion with any pancreatic abnormality identified at initial or follow-up surveillance. Among the 83 HRIs in the main analysis, 48 had a mutation in BRCA1/2 and 35 did not. Overall, 16 of 48 (33%) BRCA1/2-positive and 13 of 35 (37%) BRCA1/2-negative participants had pancreatic abnormalities on imaging; in each group, all but one finding was an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. Among those with pathogenic mutations but weaker family history, results were similar: 7 of 18 (39%) with pancreatic abnormalities. Results of surveillance for pancreatic abnormalities on imaging are similar regardless of BRCA1/2 mutation status. While the results from this small study need confirmation in other studies, at present there does not appear to be increased yield from targeting individuals with BRCA1/2 mutations for surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amethyst Saldia
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| | - Sara H Olson
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Pamela Nunes
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Xiaolin Liang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Marguerite L Samson
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Erin Salo-Mullen
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Vanessa Marcell
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Zsofia K Stadler
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Peter J Allen
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Robert C Kurtz
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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216
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Andrés R, Menao S, Arruebo M, Quílez E, Cardiel MJ. Double heterozygous mutation in the BRCA1 and ATM genes involved in development of primary metachronous tumours: a case report. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 177:767-770. [PMID: 31292799 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05343-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Between 5 and 10% of cases of breast cancer (BC) are attributable to a genetic susceptibility. The BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes described in the late 1990s are associated with an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer, and the clinical management of carriers of pathogenic variants in these genes is defined in several clinical guidelines (Paluch-Shimon et al. in Ann Oncol 27(suppl 5):v103-v110, 2016; Llort et al. in Clin Transl Oncol 17(12):956-961, 2015). However, the pathogenic variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 represent only a third of the causes of hereditary BC (Easton et al. in N Engl J Med 372:2243-2257, 2015). The incorporation of NGS (Next Generation Sequencing) techniques in the genetic diagnosis of this pathology, in addition to minimising the cost and time of analysis, allows the simultaneous study of other genes of high and moderate penetrance (Easton et al. in N Engl J Med 372:2243-2257, 2015; Op. Cit.; Tung et al. in Cancer 121(1):25-33, 2015). To date, there are not many cases or series of patients that describe the co-occurrence of two pathogenic variants in these genes of BC. Cases of double heterozygosis have been described with the presence of pathogenic variants in BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, CHEK2, BLM or NBN (Nomizu et al. in Breast Cancer 22(5):557-61, 2015; Heidemann et al. in Breast Cancer Res Treat 134(3):1229-1239, 2012; Zuradelli et al. in Breast Cancer Res Treat 124(1):251-258, 2010; Sokolenko et al. in Breast Cancer Res Treat 145(2):553-562, 2014). METHODS We report the case of a patient diagnosed with multiple tumours who presented two pathogenic variants in heterozygosis. RESULTS Two pathogenic variants, c.5123C > A (p.Ala1708Glu) in the BRCA1 gene and c.2413C > T (p.Arg805X) in the ATM gene were detected in heterozygosis. Said variants were confirmed by Sanger-type sequencing using specific primers. CONCLUSIONS The implementation of gene panels using NGS in the study of hereditary cancer involves the detection of heterozygous double mutations in genes of high and moderate penetrance for cancer, although with a low frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Andrés
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Sebastian Menao
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Arruebo
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elisa Quílez
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
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217
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Jonsson P, Bandlamudi C, Cheng ML, Srinivasan P, Chavan SS, Friedman ND, Rosen EY, Richards AL, Bouvier N, Selcuklu SD, Bielski CM, Abida W, Mandelker D, Birsoy O, Zhang L, Zehir A, Donoghue MTA, Baselga J, Offit K, Scher HI, O'Reilly EM, Stadler ZK, Schultz N, Socci ND, Viale A, Ladanyi M, Robson ME, Hyman DM, Berger MF, Solit DB, Taylor BS. Tumour lineage shapes BRCA-mediated phenotypes. Nature 2019; 571:576-579. [PMID: 31292550 PMCID: PMC7048239 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1382-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 predispose individuals to certain cancers1-3, and disease-specific screening and preventative strategies have reduced cancer mortality in affected patients4,5. These classical tumour-suppressor genes have tumorigenic effects associated with somatic biallelic inactivation, although haploinsufficiency may also promote the formation and progression of tumours6,7. Moreover, BRCA1/2-mutant tumours are often deficient in the repair of double-stranded DNA breaks by homologous recombination8-13, and consequently exhibit increased therapeutic sensitivity to platinum-containing therapy and inhibitors of poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP)14,15. However, the phenotypic and therapeutic relevance of mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 remains poorly defined in most cancer types. Here we show that in the 2.7% and 1.8% of patients with advanced-stage cancer and germline pathogenic or somatic loss-of-function alterations in BRCA1/2, respectively, selective pressure for biallelic inactivation, zygosity-dependent phenotype penetrance, and sensitivity to PARP inhibition were observed only in tumour types associated with increased heritable cancer risk in BRCA1/2 carriers (BRCA-associated cancer types). Conversely, among patients with non-BRCA-associated cancer types, most carriers of these BRCA1/2 mutation types had evidence for tumour pathogenesis that was independent of mutant BRCA1/2. Overall, mutant BRCA is an indispensable founding event for some tumours, but in a considerable proportion of other cancers, it appears to be biologically neutral-a difference predominantly conditioned by tumour lineage-with implications for disease pathogenesis, screening, design of clinical trials and therapeutic decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Jonsson
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chaitanya Bandlamudi
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael L Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Preethi Srinivasan
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shweta S Chavan
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Noah D Friedman
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ezra Y Rosen
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allison L Richards
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nancy Bouvier
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Duygu Selcuklu
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Craig M Bielski
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wassim Abida
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diana Mandelker
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ozge Birsoy
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Liying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ahmet Zehir
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark T A Donoghue
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - José Baselga
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Howard I Scher
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eileen M O'Reilly
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zsofia K Stadler
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nikolaus Schultz
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas D Socci
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Agnes Viale
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark E Robson
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David M Hyman
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael F Berger
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - David B Solit
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Barry S Taylor
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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218
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Kong Q, Gagan J, Zhou M. A high-grade renal cell carcinoma with Somatic BRCA2 mutation. Pathol Int 2019; 69:432-433. [PMID: 31237028 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingnuan Kong
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Pathology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jeffrey Gagan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ming Zhou
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
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219
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Identification of Novel Biomarkers of Homologous Recombination Defect in DNA Repair to Predict Sensitivity of Prostate Cancer Cells to PARP-Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123100. [PMID: 31242618 PMCID: PMC6627216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most common malignancies in men is prostate cancer, for which androgen deprivation is the standard therapy. However, prostate cancer cells become insensitive to anti-androgen treatment and proceed to a castration-resistant state with limited therapeutic options. Therefore, besides the androgen deprivation approach, novel biomarkers are urgently required for specific targeting in this deadly disease. Recently, germline or somatic mutations in the homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair genes have been identified in at least 20–25% of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancers (mCRPC). Defects in genes involved in HR DNA repair can sensitize cancer cells to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, a class of drugs already approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for breast and ovarian cancer carrying germline mutations in BRCA1/2 genes. For advanced prostate cancer carrying Breast cancer1/2 (BRCA1/2) or ataxia telengiectasia mutated (ATM) mutations, preclinical studies and clinical trials support the use of PARP-inhibitors, which received breakthrough therapy designation by the FDA. Based on these assumptions, several trials including DNA damage response and repair (DDR) targeting have been launched and are ongoing for prostate cancer. Here, we review the state-of-the-art potential biomarkers that could be predictive of cancer cell synthetic lethality with PARP inhibitors. The identification of key molecules that are affected in prostate cancer could be assayed in future clinical studies to better stratify prostate cancer patients who might benefit from target therapy.
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220
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Snow A, Ricker C, In GK. Two synchronous malignancies: nodular melanoma and renal cell carcinoma in a patient with an underlying germline BRCA2 mutation. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/6/e227625. [PMID: 31227566 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-227625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Modernised genetic testing among patients with cancer has led to an increasing wealth of knowledge regarding cancer biology and aetiology. Furthermore, some germline mutations have the potential to direct therapeutic approaches as well. While BRCA1/2 mutations are well-established risk factors for breast and ovarian cancers, their impact on other cancers is less understood. We describe a patient with a germline BRCA2 mutation who developed synchronous melanoma and renal cell carcinoma, but responded well to treatment and is now cancer free.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anson Snow
- Department of Medicine, Los Angeles County University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Charite Ricker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Southern California - Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gino K In
- Department of Dermatology, University of Southern California - Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
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221
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Nguyen JV, Thomas MH. Beyond BRCA: Review of Hereditary Syndromes Predisposing to Breast Cancer. JOURNAL OF BREAST IMAGING 2019; 1:84-91. [PMID: 38424924 DOI: 10.1093/jbi/wbz014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The majority of our hereditary breast cancer genes incur not only an increased risk for breast cancer but for other malignancies as well. Knowing whether an individual carries a pathogenic variant in a hereditary breast cancer gene can affect not only screening for the patient but for his or her family members as well. Identifying and appropriately testing individuals via multigene panels allows for risk reduction and early surveillance in at-risk individuals. Radiologists can serve as first-line identifiers of women who are at risk of having an inherited predisposition to breast cancer because they are interacting with all women receiving routine screening mammograms, and collecting family history suggestive of the presence of a mutation. We outline here the 11 genes associated with high breast cancer risk discussed in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Genetic/Familial High-Risk: Breast and Ovarian (version 3.2019) as having additional breast cancer screening recommendations outside of annual mammography to serve as a guide for breast cancer screening and risk reduction, as well as recommendations for surveillance of nonbreast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan V Nguyen
- University of Virginia Health System, Department of Radiology, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Martha H Thomas
- University of Virginia Health System, Emily Couric Clinical Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA
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222
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Yost S, Ruark E, Alexandrov LB, Rahman N. Insights into BRCA Cancer Predisposition from Integrated Germline and Somatic Analyses in 7632 Cancers. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2019; 3:pkz028. [PMID: 31360904 PMCID: PMC6649772 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkz028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is often assumed any cancer in a germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 (collectively termed BRCA) mutation carrier was caused by that mutation. It is also often assumed the occurrence of breast or ovarian cancer in an individual with a variant of uncertain significance (VUS) suggests the VUS is pathogenic. These assumptions have profound management implications for cancer patients and healthy individuals. METHODS We compared the frequency of BRCA mutations, allele loss, and Signature 3 in 7632 individuals with 28 cancers and 1000 population controls. Because only increased frequency was the focus of the study, all statistical tests were one-sided. RESULTS Individuals with breast or ovarian cancer had increased germline BRCA pathogenic mutation frequencies compared to controls (P = 1.0x10-10 and P = 1.4x10-34, respectively). There was no increase in other cancer types. Wild-type allele loss and Signature 3 were statistically significantly higher in breast and ovarian cancers with BRCA mutations compared with other cancers with BRCA mutations (P = 5.1x10-10 and P = 3.7x10-9) and cancers without BRCA mutations (P = 2.8x10-53 and P = 1.0x10-134). There was no difference between non-breast and non-ovarian cancers with BRCA mutations and cancers without BRCA mutations. Allele loss and Signature 3 were statistically significantly higher in breast and ovarian cancers in individuals with BRCA pathogenic mutations compared to those with VUS (P = 3.8x10-17 and P = 1.6x10-8) or benign variants (P = 1.2x10-28 and P = 2.2x10-10). There was no difference between individuals with BRCA VUS and those with benign variants. CONCLUSIONS These data show that non-breast and non-ovarian cancers in individuals with germline BRCA pathogenic mutations are often not causally related to the mutation and that BRCA VUS are highly unlikely to be pathogenic. These results should reduce inappropriate management of germline BRCA information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Yost
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Elise Ruark
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Ludmil B Alexandrov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Nazneen Rahman
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK (NR)
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223
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Oh M, Alkhushaym N, Fallatah S, Althagafi A, Aljadeed R, Alsowaida Y, Jeter J, Martin JR, Babiker HM, McBride A, Abraham I. The association of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations with prostate cancer risk, frequency, and mortality: A meta-analysis. Prostate 2019; 79:880-895. [PMID: 30900310 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A prior meta-analysis found no association between BRCA1 mutation and prostate cancer (PCa). Subsequent BRCA2 mutation studies have shown an association with PCa risk and mortality. We conducted a meta-analysis of overall BRCA mutation carriers and in subgroups to (1) estimate PCa risk in BRCA mutation carriers, (2) evaluate the frequency of BRCA mutation carriers in patients with PCa, and (3) compare cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) among BRCA mutation carriers and noncarriers. METHODS We searched the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Unadjusted odds ratio (OR), percentage (%), and hazard ratio (HR) were used to calculate pooled estimates for PCa risk, frequency, and survival, respectively. Subgroup analyses by mutation type ( BRCA1 or BRCA2) were conducted for the three objectives. Further subgroup analyses by study design (age-sex-adjusted or crude), ascertainment method (ascertained or inferred genotyping), population (Ashkenazi Jewish or general population), and survival outcomes (CSS or OS) were conducted. The associations were evaluated using random-effects models, in two-sided statistical tests. RESULTS A total of 8 cohort, 7 case-control, 4 case-series, 28 frequency, and 11 survival studies were included. Being a BRCA mutation carrier ( BRCA1 and/or BRCA2) was associated with a significant increase in PCa risk (OR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.58-2.29), with BRCA2 mutation being associated with a greater risk of PCa (OR = 2.64, 95% CI = 2.03-3.47) than BRCA1 (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.03-1.76). The frequency of BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers in patients with PCa was 0.9% and 2.2%, respectively. OS (HR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.64-2.30) and CSS (HR = 2.63, 95% CI = 2.00-3.45) were significantly worse among BRCA2 carriers compared to noncarriers, whereas OS (HR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.11-1.99) and CSS (HR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.38-2.96) were statistically not significant when comparing BRCA1 carriers and noncarriers. CONCLUSIONS There is a 1.90-fold greater risk of PCa in overall BRCA mutation carriers. This elevated PCa risk is attributable mainly to a 2.64-fold greater risk of PCa in BRCA2 carriers compared to a moderate 1.35-fold greater risk in BRCA1 carriers. The frequency of BRCA2 mutations was higher than BRCA1 mutations among patients with PCa. BRCA2 but not BRCA1 mutations were associated with higher PCa mortality. The BRCA mutation may be a clinical factor to stratify high-risk patients and guide clinical strategies for more effective treatments for patients with PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mok Oh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Science, Center for Health Outcomes and PharmacoEconomic Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Nasser Alkhushaym
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Science, Center for Health Outcomes and PharmacoEconomic Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Royal Commission Health Services Program, Jubail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Fallatah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Science, Center for Health Outcomes and PharmacoEconomic Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhamid Althagafi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Science, Center for Health Outcomes and PharmacoEconomic Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana Aljadeed
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Science, Center for Health Outcomes and PharmacoEconomic Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Pharmacy, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Yazed Alsowaida
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Science, Center for Health Outcomes and PharmacoEconomic Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joanne Jeter
- Departments of Human Genetics and Medical Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jennifer R Martin
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, Arizona Health Sciences Library, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Hani M Babiker
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, College of Medicine, Banner University Medical Center, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, Banner University Medical Center, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ali McBride
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, Banner University Medical Center, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ivo Abraham
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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224
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Waldman RA, Finch J, Grant-Kels JM, Stevenson C, Whitaker-Worth D. Skin diseases of the breast and nipple. J Am Acad Dermatol 2019; 80:1467-1481. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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225
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Samadder NJ, Giridhar KV, Baffy N, Riegert-Johnson D, Couch FJ. Hereditary Cancer Syndromes-A Primer on Diagnosis and Management: Part 1: Breast-Ovarian Cancer Syndromes. Mayo Clin Proc 2019; 94:1084-1098. [PMID: 31171119 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in both men and women in the United States, with colorectal cancer and breast cancer being two of the most frequent cancer types. Hereditary causes occurring due to pathogenic sequence variants and defects in certain genes makes up roughly 5% of all colorectal cancers and breast-ovarian cancers. High-risk hereditary predisposition syndromes have been associated with a substantially increased lifetime risk for the development of colorectal cancers and breast-ovarian cancers depending on the genetic syndrome, and many people also carry an increased risk of several other cancers compared with the general population. The aim of this review was to provide comprehensive literature on the most commonly encountered hereditary predisposition syndromes, including Lynch syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis, MUTYH-associated polyposis, hamartomatous polyposis, and breast-ovarian cancer conditions. This will be presented as a 2-part series: the first part will cover the breast-ovarian cancer syndromes, and the second will focus on the inherited colorectal cancer and polyposis conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jewel Samadder
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ; Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ; Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL.
| | | | - Noemi Baffy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Douglas Riegert-Johnson
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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226
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Salyer C, Kobelka C, Barrie A, Weintraub MR, Powell CB. Clinical characteristics and outcomes in elderly women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. Gynecol Oncol 2019; 154:374-378. [PMID: 31160070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Describe clinical characteristics and risk reducing strategies utilized among women with a BRCA mutation who lived to age 75 and above. METHODS A retrospective study of women with BRCA mutations identified from 1995 to 2015 in a California health care system. From a database of 1189 women, 69 participants were identified who lived to age 75 or older. Demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded, as well as cancer history and risk-reducing strategies utilized. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were used to analyze the cohort. RESULTS The median age of the cohort at study entry was 78 (IQR: 76-84) and the median age at time of genetic testing was 73 (IQR 68-79). Fifty (72%) women had a prior history of breast cancer and 27 (39%) had a history of ovarian cancer. Three of 19 (16%) women with no history of breast cancer elected to undergo a risk-reducing mastectomy (RRM) after their positive genetic test. Among 30 women with ovaries still in place, 14 (47%) underwent a risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO); six were age 70 or older at the time of surgery. Four (6%) women in the cohort developed BRCA-related cancer after testing, one developed breast cancer and three developed pancreatic cancer. CONCLUSIONS Most women with BRCA mutations surviving beyond age 75 received their genetic test result at an older age and had a history of BRCA-related cancer. Women continued surveillance and risk reducing surgeries at an older age. Pancreatic cancer was the most common new cancer diagnosed in older BRCA mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Salyer
- Kaiser Permanente Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency Program, Oakland, CA, United States of America; Kaiser Permanente Genetics Department, San Francisco, CA, United States of America; Rebecca and John Moores Cancer Center, Department of Reproductive Medicine, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America; Kaiser Permanente Oakland Department of Graduate Medical Education, Oakland, CA, United States of America; Kaiser Permanente Northern California Gynecologic Oncology Program, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Christine Kobelka
- Kaiser Permanente Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency Program, Oakland, CA, United States of America; Kaiser Permanente Genetics Department, San Francisco, CA, United States of America; Rebecca and John Moores Cancer Center, Department of Reproductive Medicine, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America; Kaiser Permanente Oakland Department of Graduate Medical Education, Oakland, CA, United States of America; Kaiser Permanente Northern California Gynecologic Oncology Program, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Allison Barrie
- Kaiser Permanente Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency Program, Oakland, CA, United States of America; Kaiser Permanente Genetics Department, San Francisco, CA, United States of America; Rebecca and John Moores Cancer Center, Department of Reproductive Medicine, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America; Kaiser Permanente Oakland Department of Graduate Medical Education, Oakland, CA, United States of America; Kaiser Permanente Northern California Gynecologic Oncology Program, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Miranda Ritterman Weintraub
- Kaiser Permanente Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency Program, Oakland, CA, United States of America; Kaiser Permanente Genetics Department, San Francisco, CA, United States of America; Rebecca and John Moores Cancer Center, Department of Reproductive Medicine, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America; Kaiser Permanente Oakland Department of Graduate Medical Education, Oakland, CA, United States of America; Kaiser Permanente Northern California Gynecologic Oncology Program, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - C Bethan Powell
- Kaiser Permanente Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency Program, Oakland, CA, United States of America; Kaiser Permanente Genetics Department, San Francisco, CA, United States of America; Rebecca and John Moores Cancer Center, Department of Reproductive Medicine, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America; Kaiser Permanente Oakland Department of Graduate Medical Education, Oakland, CA, United States of America; Kaiser Permanente Northern California Gynecologic Oncology Program, San Francisco, CA, United States of America; Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland CA, United States of America.
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227
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Pilarski R. The Role of BRCA Testing in Hereditary Pancreatic and Prostate Cancer Families. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2019; 39:79-86. [PMID: 31099688 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_238977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Beyond breast and ovarian cancers, mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes increase risks for pancreatic and prostate cancers and contribute to the prevalence of these cancers. Mutations in a number of other genes have also been shown to increase the risk for these cancers as well. Genetic testing is playing an increasingly important role in the treatment of patients with pancreatic and prostate cancer and is now recommended for all patients with pancreatic or metastatic prostate cancer, as well as patients with high Gleason grade prostate cancer and a remarkable family history. Identification of an inherited mutation can direct evaluation of the patient for other cancer risks as well as identification and management of disease in at-risk relatives. Growing evidence suggests improved responses to PARP inhibitors and other therapies in patients with mutations in the BRCA and other DNA repair genes. Although more work must be done to clarify the prevalence and penetrance of mutations in genes other than BRCA1 and BRCA2 in patients with pancreatic and prostate cancer, in most cases, testing is now being done with a panel of multiple genes. Because of the complexities in panel testing and the increased likelihood of finding variants of uncertain significance, pre- and post-test genetic counseling are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pilarski
- 1 Division of Human Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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228
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Soni TP, Soni S, Somani N, Bhattacharya T, Kucha N. Prostate Carcinoma and Pleural Mesothelioma: An Extremely Rare Co-occurrence. Cureus 2019; 11:e4655. [PMID: 31316876 PMCID: PMC6625672 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.4655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleural mesothelioma and carcinoma prostate as metachronous double malignancy is extremely rare co-occurrence. A 67-year-old male, diagnosed case of carcinoma prostate with bone metastasis, was treated with chemotherapy and hormone therapy. He responded well to chemotherapy and hormone therapy. He remained asymptomatic for two years with serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values within normal limits. After two years of diagnosis of carcinoma prostate, he developed left lung pleural sarcomatoid mesothelioma as a second metachronous tumor. Malignant pleural mesothelioma as a metachronous second tumor in a case of carcinoma prostate is rarely reported in the literature. The long-life expectancy, old age, late effects of the treatment, genetic predisposition and lifestyle factors of patients with carcinoma prostate expose them to the possibility of developing second primary tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tej P Soni
- Radiation Oncology, Bhagwan Mahaveer Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Jaipur, IND
| | - Sweta Soni
- Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, IND
| | - Naresh Somani
- Medical Oncology, Bhagwan Mahaveer Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Jaipur, IND
| | - Taruni Bhattacharya
- Radiation Oncology, Bhagwan Mahaveer Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Jaipur, IND
| | - Nilesh Kucha
- Radiation Oncology, Bhagwan Mahaveer Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Jaipur, IND
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229
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Gorodetska I, Kozeretska I, Dubrovska A. BRCA Genes: The Role in Genome Stability, Cancer Stemness and Therapy Resistance. J Cancer 2019; 10:2109-2127. [PMID: 31205572 PMCID: PMC6548160 DOI: 10.7150/jca.30410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is a multistep process, and tumors frequently harbor multiple mutations regulating genome integrity, cell division and death. The integrity of cellular genome is closely controlled by the mechanisms of DNA damage signaling and DNA repair. The association of breast cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 with breast and ovarian cancer development was first demonstrated over 20 years ago. Since then the germline mutations within these genes were linked to genomic instability and increased risk of many other cancer types. Genomic instability is an engine of the oncogenic transformation of non-tumorigenic cells into tumor-initiating cells and further tumor evolution. In this review we discuss the biological functions of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes and the role of BRCA mutations in tumor initiation, regulation of cancer stemness, therapy resistance and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ielizaveta Gorodetska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Iryna Kozeretska
- Department of General and Medical Genetics, ESC "The Institute of Biology and Medicine", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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230
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Cseh AM, Fabian Z, Quintana-Cabrera R, Szabo A, Eros K, Soriano ME, Gallyas F, Scorrano L, Sumegi B. PARP Inhibitor PJ34 Protects Mitochondria and Induces DNA-Damage Mediated Apoptosis in Combination With Cisplatin or Temozolomide in B16F10 Melanoma Cells. Front Physiol 2019; 10:538. [PMID: 31133874 PMCID: PMC6514236 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP-1 inhibition has recently been employed in both mono- and combination therapies in various malignancies including melanoma with both promising and contradicting results reported. Although deeper understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms may help improving clinical modalities, the complex cellular effects of PARP inhibitors make disentangling of the mechanisms involved in combination therapies difficult. Here, we used two cytostatic agents used in melanoma therapies in combination with PARP inhibition to have an insight into cellular events using the B16F10 melanoma model. We found that, when used in combination with cisplatin or temozolomide, pharmacologic blockade of PARP-1 by PJ34 augmented the DNA-damaging and cytotoxic effects of both alkylating compounds. Interestingly, however, this synergism unfolds relatively slowly and is preceded by molecular events that are traditionally believed to support cell survival including the stabilization of mitochondrial membrane potential and morphology. Our data indicate that the PARP inhibitor PJ34 has, apparently, opposing effects on the mitochondrial structure and cell survival. While, initially, it stimulates mitochondrial fusion and hyperpolarization, hallmarks of mitochondrial protection, it enhances the cytotoxic effects of alkylating agents at later stages. These findings may contribute to the optimization of PARP inhibitor-based antineoplastic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Cseh
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Zsolt Fabian
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ruben Quintana-Cabrera
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Salamanca, Spain.,CIBERFES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aliz Szabo
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztian Eros
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Maria Eugenia Soriano
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Ferenc Gallyas
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Balazs Sumegi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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231
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Kori M, Gov E, Arga KY. Novel Genomic Biomarker Candidates for Cervical Cancer As Identified by Differential Co-Expression Network Analysis. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2019; 23:261-273. [PMID: 31038390 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2019.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the second most common malignancy and the third reason for mortality among women in developing countries. Although infection by the oncogenic human papilloma viruses is a major cause, genomic contributors are still largely unknown. Network analyses, compared with candidate gene studies, offer greater promise to map the interactions among genomic loci contributing to cervical cancer risk. We report here a differential co-expression network analysis in five gene expression datasets (GSE7803, GSE9750, GSE39001, GSE52903, and GSE63514, from the Gene Expression Omnibus) in patients with cervical cancer and healthy controls. Kaplan-Meier Survival and principle component analyses were employed to evaluate prognostic and diagnostic performances of biomarker candidates, respectively. As a result, seven distinct co-expressed gene modules were identified. Among these, five modules (with sizes of 9-45 genes) presented high prognostic and diagnostic capabilities with hazard ratios of 2.28-11.3, and diagnostic odds ratios of 85.2-548.8. Moreover, these modules were associated with several key biological processes such as cell cycle regulation, keratinization, neutrophil degranulation, and the phospholipase D signaling pathway. In addition, transcription factors ETS1 and GATA2 were noted as common regulatory elements. These genomic biomarker candidates identified by differential co-expression network analysis offer new prospects for translational cancer research, not to mention personalized medicine to forecast cervical cancer susceptibility and prognosis. Looking into the future, we also suggest that the search for a molecular basis of common complex diseases should be complemented by differential co-expression analyses to obtain a systems-level understanding of disease phenotype variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medi Kori
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Gov
- 2 Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Kazım Yalçın Arga
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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232
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Crumbaker M, Wong J, Joshua AM, Spigelman AD. Outcomes of universal germline testing for men with prostate cancer in an Australian tertiary center. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2019; 15:257-261. [PMID: 31012270 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM The role of germline testing in prostate cancer is evolving and knowledge of an individual's genetic profile may be used to guide not only an assessment of their familial risk but also have prognostic and therapeutic implications. Although international guidelines have incorporated recommendations for germline testing in prostate cancer, there is little Australian data to guide referrals. The aim of this study is to review the frequency of relevant pathogenic mutations in an Australian center, their associated clinical factors and clinical impact. METHODS We conducted a single-center retrospective review of men with prostate cancer that undertook prospective germline testing using a targeted next generation sequencing panel. RESULTS Results for 100 men were analyzed. Median age at diagnosis was 62 years (range 43-84); 92% had metastatic disease at referral. A pathogenic mutation was confirmed in 9%, a likely pathogenic variant in 2% and a variant of uncertain significance in 15%. Age ≤60 years was associated with an increased risk for a pathogenic germline variant (P = 0.0096). Two of the nine (22%) with pathogenic variants went on to receive targeted treatment. CONCLUSIONS In this single center study, the incidence of germline mutations in genes associated with DNA-repair was consistent with rates seen previously published international series of men with metastatic disease. A pathogenic variant was only seen in one patient >60 years of age and no man referred solely on the basis of age or high-risk localized disease had a relevant finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Crumbaker
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,University of New South Wales, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Jean Wong
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony M Joshua
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,University of New South Wales, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Allan D Spigelman
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,University of New South Wales, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Cancer Genetics Unit, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
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233
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Sandner AS, Weggel R, Mehraein Y, Schneider S, Hiddemann W, Spiekermann K. Frequency of hematologic and solid malignancies in the family history of 50 patients with acute myeloid leukemia - a single center analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215453. [PMID: 30998723 PMCID: PMC6472770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective The revised World Health Organization classification of 2016 for myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia added a section of myeloid neoplasms with germline predisposition. The main objective of our study was to evaluate the frequency of hematologic and solid malignancies in the family history of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by using a systemic pedigree interview. The family history was taken of 50 patients between 24 and 80 years. Findings 8/50 (16%) patients with AML had family members with hematologic malignancies. 2/50 (4%) patients had family members of first degree with hematologic malignancies. Furthermore in 42/50 (84%) of AML patients solid malignancies were documented in family members of any degree and in 31/50 (62%) in family members of first degree. The most commonly occurring malignancies in our cohort were breast and colorectal cancer. We analyzed the pedigrees for cancer syndromes that can be associated with acute leukemia like Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Lynch syndrome and hereditary breast cancer. 2/50 (4%) patients fulfilled the criteria for familial breast and ovarian cancer from the German consortium and 1/50 (2%) patients fulfilled the Bethesda Guidelines criteria for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. No pedigree met the criteria for Li-Fraumeni syndrome. In 29 cases we compared the patient history obtained in the routine work-up with our data. The accuracy of the obtained family history was 23%, outlining that in the clinical routine information about family histories often escapes notice. Conclusion Our study shows that though generally considered a sporadic disease, the presence of hematologic and solid malignancies in the family history of AML patients is relatively high. One should keep in mind that cancer syndromes like hereditary breast cancer are associated with a higher incidence of leukemia. These data are relevant in the context of family donor search for allogeneic stem cell transplantation, genetic counseling and testing as well as cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Sandner
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich—Campus Großhadern, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Ramona Weggel
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich—Campus Großhadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Yasmin Mehraein
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schneider
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich—Campus Großhadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hiddemann
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich—Campus Großhadern, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Spiekermann
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich—Campus Großhadern, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperative Group Leukemia, Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany
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234
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Yun EJ, Lin CJ, Dang A, Hernandez E, Guo J, Chen WM, Allison J, Kim N, Kapur P, Brugarolas J, Wu K, He D, Lai CH, Lin H, Saha D, Baek ST, Chen BPC, Hsieh JT. Downregulation of Human DAB2IP Gene Expression in Renal Cell Carcinoma Results in Resistance to Ionizing Radiation. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:4542-4551. [PMID: 31000589 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is known to be highly radioresistant but the mechanisms associated with radioresistance have remained elusive. We found DOC-2/DAB2 interactive protein (DAB2IP) frequently downregulated in RCC, is associated with radioresistance. In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanism regulating radioresistance by DAB2IP and developed appropriate treatment. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Several RCC lines with or without DAB2IP expression were irradiated with ionizing radiation (IR) for determining their radiosensitivities based on colony formation assay. To investigate the underlying regulatory mechanism of DAB2IP, immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry was performed to identify DAB2IP-interactive proteins. PARP-1 expression and enzymatic activity were determined using qRT-PCR, Western blot analysis, and ELISA. In vivo ubiquitination assay was used to test PARP-1 degradation. Furthermore, in vivo mice xenograft model and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model were used to determine the effect of combination therapy to sensitizing tumors to IR. RESULTS We notice that DAB2IP-deficient RCC cells acquire IR-resistance. Mechanistically, DAB2IP can form a complex with PARP-1 and E3 ligases that is responsible for degrading PARP-1. Indeed, elevated PARP-1 levels are associated with the IR resistance in RCC cells. Furthermore, PARP-1 inhibitor can enhance the IR response of either RCC xenograft model or PDX model. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we unveil that loss of DAB2IP resulted in elevated PARP-1 protein is associated with IR-resistance in RCC. These results provide a new targeting strategy to improve the efficacy of radiotherapy of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jin Yun
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Jung Lin
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Andrew Dang
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Elizabeth Hernandez
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jiaming Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Joyce Allison
- Department of Internal Medicine and Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Nathan Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Payal Kapur
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - James Brugarolas
- Department of Internal Medicine and Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kaijie Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dalin He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ho Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Debabrata Saha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Seung Tae Baek
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Benjamin P C Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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235
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Das AB. Disease association of human tumor suppressor genes. Mol Genet Genomics 2019; 294:931-940. [PMID: 30945018 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-019-01557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The multifactorial disease, cancer, frequently emerges due to perturbations in tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). However, a growing number of noncanonical target genes of TSGs and the highly interconnected nature of the human interactome reveal that the functions of TSGs are not limited to cancer-specific events. The various functions of TSGs lead to the assumption that cancer is linked with other human disorders. Therefore, a disease-gene association network of TSGs (TSDN) was constructed by integrating protein-protein interaction networks of TSGs (TSN) with Morbid Map in Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. The TSDN revealed links between TSGs and 22 different human disorders including cancer and indicated disease-disease associations. In addition, high-density functional protein clusters in the TSN showed cohesive and overlapping disease-TSG associations, which proved the prevalent role of TSGs in various human diseases beyond cancer. The presence of overlapping disease-gene modules and disease-disease associations via the TSN demonstrated that other diseases can serve as possible roots of the life-threatening disease cancer. Therefore, a disease association map of TSGs could be a promising tool for exploring intricate relationships between cancer and other diseases for the early prediction of cancer and the understanding of disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Bikas Das
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana, 506004, India.
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236
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Hinchcliff EM, Bednar EM, Lu KH, Rauh-Hain JA. Disparities in gynecologic cancer genetics evaluation. Gynecol Oncol 2019; 153:184-191. [PMID: 30711300 PMCID: PMC6430691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
An estimated 2-5% of endometrial cancers and 15-20% of high-grade, non-mucinous epithelial ovarian cancers have an underlying hereditary cause. Appropriate risk assessment, genetic counseling, and germline genetic testing for cancer predisposition genes in both gynecologic cancer patients and their at-risk relatives is essential for effective delivery of tailored cancer treatment and cancer prevention. However, significant disparities exist within medically underserved and minority populations in the United States regarding awareness of, access to, and use of genetic services. The objectives of this review are to summarize the literature on genetic counseling and genetic testing of gynecologic cancer patients, the cascade genetic testing of their families following the identification of a germline mutation associated with susceptibility to cancer, to highlight disparities between populations, and to present some potential remedies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Hinchcliff
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Erica M Bednar
- The Department of Clinical Cancer Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; The Cancer Prevention and Control Platform, Moon Shots™ Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Karen H Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Alejandro Rauh-Hain
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Health Services Research, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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237
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Al-Turkmani MR, Gordon SR, Smith KD, Tsongalis GJ, Liu X. Pancreatic cyst fluid harboring a KRAS mutation. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2019; 5:a003830. [PMID: 30936197 PMCID: PMC6549572 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a003830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A 55-yr-old woman presented with abdominal bloating for approximately 1 year. Imaging studies showed a cyst in the body of the pancreas with proximal pancreatic ductal dilation. An endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) was performed. Cytologic findings from the cyst fluid were consistent with a mucinous neoplastic cyst, and the possibility of malignancy could not be entirely excluded. A KRAS mutation analysis was performed on the cyst fluid using the Idylla system and circulating tumor KRAS (ctKRAS) cartridge (Biocartis, Mechelen, Belgium), which tests for actionable mutations in exons 2, 3, and 4 of the KRAS gene. Idylla testing detected a KRAS G12D mutation in the cyst fluid. The patient subsequently underwent a distal subtotal pancreatectomy with splenectomy. Microscopic examination of the resected tissue revealed an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) with an associated invasive carcinoma. KRAS testing on the resected tumor tissue confirmed the G12D mutation detected in the cyst fluid earlier. The described rapid testing of KRAS directly from the pancreatic cyst fluid can complement cytology assessment to classify pancreatic cysts more reliably and can potentially be of significant help when other cyst findings are nondiagnostic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rabie Al-Turkmani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center and Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03766, USA
| | - Stuart R Gordon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center and Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03766, USA
| | - Kerrington D Smith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center and Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03766, USA
| | - Gregory J Tsongalis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center and Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03766, USA
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center and Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03766, USA
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238
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Gorodnova T, Sokolenko A, Ni V, Ivantsov A, Kotiv K, Petrik S, Amelina I, Berlev I, Imyanitov E. BRCA1-associated and sporadic ovarian carcinomas: outcomes of primary cytoreductive surgery or neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2019; 29:779-786. [PMID: 30839285 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2018-000175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tumors arising in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers are characterized by increased platinum sensitivity; however, it is unknown whether this feature should be considered while choosing between primary surgical versus systemic treatment. This study aimed to compare outcomes of ovarian cancer patients undergoing either primary surgery or interval cytoreduction based on BRCA1/2 status. METHODS The study included consecutive ovarian cancer patients, who were treated at the N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology (St Petersburg, Russia) from 2000 to 2013 and who underwent complete or optimal cytoreductive surgery. A comparison of disease outcomes was performed for the total group of ovarian cancer patients as well as for 69 BRCA1-mutated and 151 sporadic high-grade serous advanced-stage ovarian carcinomas. Frequency comparisons were performed by Chi-square test or Fisher exact test. Disease-free interval and overall survival were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U-test and Kaplan-Meier method. Hazard ratios were calculated by Cox regression analysis. RESULTS The analysis included 283 consecutive patients who underwent optimal cytoreduction (size of residual tumor <1 cm (n=156)) or complete tumor excision (n=127) on primary surgery (n=168) or after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (n=115). 84 patients carried germline mutation in BRCA1 (n=77) or BRCA2 (n=7) genes, while 199 ovarian cancer patients were classified as sporadic. High-grade serous ovarian cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy had a lower disease-free interval compared with those undergoing primary surgery followed by adjuvant therapy (7.8 vs 14.2 months, p<0.001). This difference was attributed mainly to sporadic cases (5.1 vs 12.2 months, p<0.001), while BRCA1-associated cancers had a similar disease-free interval regardless of the sequence of treatments (12.5 vs 15.8 months, p=0.53). When treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, BRCA1-mutated patients had improved overall survival as compared with sporadic cases (45.7 vs 25.3 months, p=0.007), while patients subjected to primary surgery showed similar overall survival irrespective of BRCA1 status (54.6 vs 53.9 months, p=0.56). A total of 29/61 (48%) BRCA1/2-associated patients relapsed as a single local tumor; this was lower in sporadic cancer patients (38/134 (28%); p=0.01). CONCLUSION In BRCA1 mutation carriers, the oncologic outcomes are similar when comparing primary surgery versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In addition, BRCA1-mutation carriers often have a single site of disease when diagnosed with recurrent ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Gorodnova
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Sokolenko
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation.,St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Valeria Ni
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation.,St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandr Ivantsov
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation.,St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Khristina Kotiv
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Petrik
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Inna Amelina
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Igor Berlev
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation.,I.I. Mechnikov North-Western Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny Imyanitov
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation .,St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation.,I.I. Mechnikov North-Western Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation.,St.-Petersburg State University, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation
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239
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Cohen-Haguenauer O. [Hereditary predisposition to breast cancer (1): genetics]. Med Sci (Paris) 2019; 35:138-151. [PMID: 30774081 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2019003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objective of oncogenetics is to characterize a subpopulation of patients at high risk of cancer development at an early age in order to provide specific recommendations for an optimized follow-up and care path. Oncogenetic counselling helps to assess individual risk from a family history. By a family approach of formal genetics, the key issue is to identify families with a strong aggregation of cancers, and, in particular, suggesting a specific syndrome of inherited predisposition to cancer. This approach can lead to the proposal of germline genetic testing in search of causal mutations. As up to know, the search for a constitutional mutation in the BRCA genes has led to the identification of a causal deleterious mutation in less than 10% of index-cases analyzed. It is therefore important to evaluate the impact of new genes in the current panorama of inherited predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odile Cohen-Haguenauer
- Unité d'Oncogénétique, Service d'oncologie médicale, pôle HI-3RO et faculté de Médecine, université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, USPC - Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1, avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
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240
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Establishment, molecular and biological characterization of HCB-514: a novel human cervical cancer cell line. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1913. [PMID: 30760827 PMCID: PMC6374403 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38315-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women. Although cure rates are high for early stage disease, clinical outcomes for advanced, metastatic, or recurrent disease remain poor. To change this panorama, a deeper understanding of cervical cancer biology and novel study models are needed. Immortalized human cancer cell lines such as HeLa constitute crucial scientific tools, but there are few other cervical cancer cell lines available, limiting our understanding of a disease known for its molecular heterogeneity. This study aimed to establish novel cervical cancer cell lines derived from Brazilian patients. We successfully established one (HCB-514) out of 35 cervical tumors biopsied. We confirmed the phenotype of HCB-514 by verifying its’ epithelial and tumor origin through cytokeratins, EpCAM and p16 staining. It was also HPV-16 positive. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) showed relevant somatic mutations in several genes including BRCA2, TGFBR1 and IRX2. A copy number variation (CNV) analysis by nanostring and WES revealed amplification of genes mainly related to kinases proteins involved in proliferation, migration and cell differentiation, such as EGFR, PIK3CA, and MAPK7. Overexpression of EGFR was confirmed by phospho RTK-array and validated by western blot analysis. Furthermore, the HCB-514 cell line was sensitive to cisplatin. In summary, this novel Brazilian cervical cancer cell line exhibits relevant key molecular features and constitutes a new biological model for pre-clinical studies.
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241
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McReynolds KM, Connors LM. Genomics of Prostate Cancer: What Nurses Need to Know. Semin Oncol Nurs 2019; 35:79-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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242
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Ohmoto A, Yachida S, Morizane C. Genomic Features and Clinical Management of Patients with Hereditary Pancreatic Cancer Syndromes and Familial Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E561. [PMID: 30699894 PMCID: PMC6387417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most devastating malignancies; it has a 5-year survival rate of only 9%, and novel treatment strategies are urgently needed. While most PC cases occur sporadically, PC associated with hereditary syndromes or familial PC (FPC; defined as an individual having two or more first-degree relatives diagnosed with PC) accounts for about 10% of cases. Hereditary cancer syndromes associated with increased risk for PC include Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, hereditary pancreatitis, familial atypical multiple mole melanoma, familial adenomatous polyposis, Lynch syndrome and hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome. Next-generation sequencing of FPC patients has uncovered new susceptibility genes such as PALB2 and ATM, which participate in homologous recombination repair, and further investigations are in progress. Previous studies have demonstrated that some sporadic cases that do not fulfil FPC criteria also harbor similar mutations, and so genomic testing based on family history might overlook some susceptibility gene carriers. There are no established screening procedures for high-risk unaffected cases, and it is not clear whether surveillance programs would have clinical benefits. In terms of treatment, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors for BRCA-mutated cases or immune checkpoint inhibitors for mismatch repair deficient cases are promising, and clinical trials of these agents are underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Ohmoto
- Laboratory of Clinical Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 1040045, Japan.
| | - Shinichi Yachida
- Laboratory of Clinical Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 1040045, Japan.
- Department of Cancer Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine/Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 5650871, Japan.
| | - Chigusa Morizane
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 1040045, Japan.
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El Boustani M, De Stefano L, Caligiuri I, Mouawad N, Granchi C, Canzonieri V, Tuccinardi T, Giordano A, Rizzolio F. A Guide to PIN1 Function and Mutations Across Cancers. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1477. [PMID: 30723410 PMCID: PMC6349750 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PIN1 is a member of a family of peptidylprolyl isomerases that bind phosphoproteins and catalyze the rapid cis-trans isomerization of proline peptidyl bonds, resulting in an alteration of protein structure, function, and stability. PIN1 is overexpressed in human cancers, suggesting it promotes tumorigenesis, but depending on the cellular context, it also acts as a tumor suppressor. Here, we review the role of PIN1 in cancer and the regulation of PIN1 expression, and catalog the single nucleotide polymorphisms, and mutations in PIN1 gene associated with cancer. In addition, we provide a 3D model of the protein to localize the mutated residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maguie El Boustani
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy.,Doctoral School in Molecular Biomedicine, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lucia De Stefano
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy.,Doctoral School in Chemistry, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Nayla Mouawad
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy.,Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
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244
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Loss of BRCA1 Spontaneously Induces the Tumorigenesis in Lacrimal Gland. ANALYTICAL CELLULAR PATHOLOGY (AMSTERDAM) 2019. [PMID: 30652068 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8120579.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Environmental and genetic factors exert important influences on lifespan and neoplastic transformation. We have previously shown that spontaneous tumors form frequently in mice homozygous for a full-length Brca1 deletion. In general, mutations of BRCA1 are closely associated with induction of breast and ovarian cancers but are also known to contribute to the incidence of other cancers at a low frequency. Female Brca1-mutant mice (Brca1co/coMMTV-cre) were generated by crossing Brca1 conditional knockout mice and MMTV-cre mice, and the occurrence of lacrimal gland abnormalities and tumors was followed until mice reached 18 months of age. Lacrimal gland tumors, which occur at a very low frequency in the human population (1 per 1,000,000 per year), were detected in 7 cases of Brca1co/coMMTV-cre mice (2.75%) older than 9 months of age. None of seven mice exhibited any abnormality in the mammary gland including neoplasia, suggesting lacrimal gland tumor is spontaneously and independently formed. These tumors, which were detected in seven mutant mice that displayed exophthalmoses, were malignant, originated from epithelial cells, and were identified as acinic cell carcinoma by pathological analysis. Further analysis revealed that tumorigenesis was accompanied by the accumulation of cyclin D1 and decreased expression of the cellular oncogenes, c-Myc, c-Jun, and c-Raf. Tumors also exhibited rearrangement of cytoskeletal proteins, including β-catenin, keratin 5, and vimentin, depending on tumor progression. These results suggest that BRCA1 is involved in genetic stability of the lacrimal gland, providing new insight into genomic instability in organism maintenance and tumorigenesis of the lacrimal gland.
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245
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Roch AM, Schneider J, Carr RA, Lancaster WP, House MG, Zyromski NJ, Nakeeb A, Schmidt CM, Ceppa EP. Are BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutation patients underscreened for pancreatic adenocarcinoma? J Surg Oncol 2019; 119:777-783. [PMID: 30636051 DOI: 10.1002/jso.25376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BRCA) mutations account for the highest proportion of hereditary causes of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Screening is currently recommended only for patients with one first-degree relative or two family members with PDAC. We hypothesized that screening all BRCA1/2 patients would identify a higher rate of pancreatic abnormalities. METHODS All BRCA1/2 patients at a single academic center were retrospectively reviewed (2005-2015). Pancreatic abnormalities were defined on cross-sectional imaging as pancreatic neoplasm (cystic/solid) or main-duct dilation. RESULTS Two hundred and four patients were identified with BRCA mutations. Forty-seven (40%) had abdominal imaging (20 computerized tomography and 27 magnetic resonance imaging). Twenty-one percent had pancreatic abnormalities (PDAC [n = 2] and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm [IPMN; n = 8]). The prevalence of pancreatic abnormalities and IPMN was higher in BRCA2 patients than in the general population (21% vs 8% and 17% vs 1%; P = 0.0007 and P < 0.0001, respectively), with no influence of family history. Similarly, BRCA1 patients had an increased prevalence of IPMN (8.3% vs 1%; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In this series, 4% and 17% of BRCA2 patients developed PDAC and IPMN, respectively. Eight percent of BRCA1 patients developed IPMN. Under current recommended screening, 60% of BRCA1/2 patients had incompletely pancreatic assessment. With no influence of family history, this study suggests all BRCA1/2 patients should undergo a high-risk screening protocol that will identify a higher rate of precancerous pancreatic neoplasms amenable to curative resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Roch
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Justine Schneider
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Rosalie A Carr
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - William P Lancaster
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Michael G House
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Nicholas J Zyromski
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Attila Nakeeb
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - C Max Schmidt
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Eugene P Ceppa
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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246
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Verma A, Nag S, Hasan Q, Priya Selvakumar V. Mainstreaming genetic counseling for BRCA testing into oncology clinics – Indian perspective. Indian J Cancer 2019; 56:S38-S47. [DOI: 10.4103/ijc.ijc_458_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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247
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Solodskikh SA, Panevina AV, Gryaznova MV, Gureev AP, Serzhantova OV, Mikhailov AA, Maslov AY, Popov VN. Targeted sequencing to discover germline variants in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in a Russian population and their association with breast cancer risk. Mutat Res 2018; 813:51-57. [PMID: 30611917 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BRCA1 and BRCA2 are tumor suppressor genes involved in the repair of DNA damage and transcriptional regulation of the cell cycle. Alterations in BRCA1/2 lead to production of functionally defective proteins that impair DNA repair. Certain mutant variants of BRCA1/2 are strongly associated with increased risk of breast and ovarian cancers, with emerging data on association with other types of cancer. However, variability of BRCA1/2 in Russian populations remains understudied. In this study, we performed targeted sequencing of BRCA1/2 in 145 breast cancer (BC) patients with a family history of BRCA-associated cancers and 47 age-matched cancer-free control individuals with or without a family history of cancer. Subjects for this study were recruited in the Voronezh region of the Russian Federation. We found that two polymorphic variants, rs1799967 (BRCA1) and rs4987117 (BRCA2), were strongly associated with the risk of BC. Both variants have not been previously reported as associated with risk of breast cancer. Presence of the rs4987117 variant increases risk of breast cancer onset (OR = 2.76, p-value = 0.022). Notably, although variant rs80357906 (5382InsC) has been reported as a risk factor for hereditary BC, it was not significantly associated with breast cancer risk in our population (p = 0.192). We also found 12 novel polymorphic variants in BRCA1/2 genes (2 in BRCA1 and 10 in BRCA2). However, none of these variants demonstrated association with the disease. Five germline variants were observed at high frequency (mean AF = 67.14%) and therefore can be considered as a common haplotype in the Voronezh region of the Russian Federation. In summary, our study demonstrates that known pathological variants of BRCA1/2 genes may not be reflective of breast cancer risk assessment when applied to the Russian population. Further, more extended population-specific studies are needed to reveal the reliable list of BRCA1/2 polymorphisms associated with risk of breast cancer in the Russian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei A Solodskikh
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russian Federation.
| | - Anna V Panevina
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russian Federation; Department of Surgery, Voronezh Regional Clinical Oncological Dispensary, Voronezh, Russian Federation
| | - Maria V Gryaznova
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russian Federation
| | - Artem P Gureev
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russian Federation
| | - Olga V Serzhantova
- Department of Surgery, Voronezh Regional Clinical Oncological Dispensary, Voronezh, Russian Federation
| | - Andrei A Mikhailov
- Department of Surgery, Voronezh Regional Clinical Oncological Dispensary, Voronezh, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Y Maslov
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russian Federation; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, New-York, USA
| | - Vasily N Popov
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russian Federation.
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248
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Hussain S, Saxena S, Shrivastava S, Mohanty AK, Kumar S, Singh RJ, Kumar A, Wani SA, Gandham RK, Kumar N, Sharma AK, Tiwari AK, Singh RK. Gene expression profiling of spontaneously occurring canine mammary tumours: Insight into gene networks and pathways linked to cancer pathogenesis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208656. [PMID: 30517191 PMCID: PMC6281268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneously occurring canine mammary tumours (CMTs) are the most common neoplasms of unspayed female dogs leading to thrice higher mortality rates than human breast cancer. These are also attractive models for human breast cancer studies owing to clinical and molecular similarities. Thus, they are important candidates for biomarker studies and understanding cancer pathobiology. The study was designed to explore underlying molecular networks and pathways in CMTs for deciphering new prognostic factors and therapeutic targets. To gain an insight into various pathways and networks associated with the development and pathogenesis of CMTs, comparative cDNA microarray expression profiling was performed using CMT tissues and healthy mammary gland tissues. Upon analysis, 1700 and 1287 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, P ≤ 0.05) were identified in malignant and benign tissues, respectively. DEGs identified from microarray analysis were further annotated using the Ingenuity Systems Pathway Analysis (IPA) tool for detection of deregulated canonical pathways, upstream regulators, and networks associated with malignant, as well as, benign disease. Top scoring key networks in benign and malignant mammary tumours were having central nodes of VEGF and BUB1B, respectively. Cyclins & cell cycle regulation and TREM1 signalling were amongst the top activated canonical pathways in CMTs. Other cancer related significant pathways like apoptosis signalling, dendritic cell maturation, DNA recombination and repair, Wnt/β-catenin signalling, etc. were also found to be altered. Furthermore, seven proteins (ANXA2, APOCII, CDK6, GATC, GDI2, GNAQ and MYH9) highly up-regulated in malignant tissues were identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and MALDI-TOF PMF studies which were in concordance with microarray data. Thus, the study has uncovered ample number of candidate genes associated with CMTs which need to be further validated as therapeutic targets and prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Hussain
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Sonal Saxena
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
- * E-mail: (SON); (SAM); (RKS)
| | - Sameer Shrivastava
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
- * E-mail: (SON); (SAM); (RKS)
| | - Ashok Kumar Mohanty
- Animal Biotechnology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute [Deemed University], Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Sudarshan Kumar
- Animal Biotechnology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute [Deemed University], Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Rajkumar James Singh
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Abhinav Kumar
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) BHU, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Ravi Kumar Gandham
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Miyapur, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Division of Veterinary Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Anil Kumar Sharma
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Tiwari
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
- * E-mail: (SON); (SAM); (RKS)
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249
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Wu Y, Yu H, Zheng SL, Feng B, Kapron AL, Na R, Boyle JL, Shah S, Shi Z, Ewing CM, Wiley KE, Luo J, Walsh PC, Carter HB, Helfand BT, Cooney KA, Xu J, Isaacs WB. Germline mutations in PPFIBP2 are associated with lethal prostate cancer. Prostate 2018; 78:1222-1228. [PMID: 30043417 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few genes have germline mutations which predispose men to more aggressive prostate cancer (PCa). This study evaluated the contribution of germline loss of function (LOF) variants in PPFIBP2 to risk of lethal PCa. METHODS A case-case study of 1414 PCa patients with lethal PCa and low-risk localized PCa was performed. Germline DNA samples from these patients were sequenced for PPFIBP2. Mutation carrier rates and association with lethal PCa were analyzed using the Fisher exact test, logistic regression, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS In the entire study population, eight patients, all of European ancestry, were identified as carrying PPFIBP2 pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations. Seven (1.52%) of 462 lethal PCa patients were carriers compared with only one (0.12%) carrier in 810 low-risk PCa patients, P = 0.0029. The estimated Odds Ratio (OR) of carrying PPFIBP2 mutation for lethal PCa was 13.8 in European American population. The PPFIBP2 loss-of-function mutation carrier rate in lethal PCa cases was also higher than in 33 370 non-Finnish European individuals from the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC) (carrier rate of 0.17%, P = 1.92 × 10-5 ) and in 498 men with localized PCa from The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort (TCGA) cohort (carrier rate of 0%, P = 0.0058). Survival analysis in European American lethal cases revealed PPFIBP2 mutation status as an independent predictor of shorter survival after adjusting for age at diagnosis, PSA at diagnosis, and genetic background (hazard ratio = 2.62, P = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS While larger studies are needed, germline mutations in a novel gene, PPFIBP2, differentiated risk for lethal PCa from low-risk cases and were associated with shorter survival times after diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishuo Wu
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Hongjie Yu
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Siqun Lilly Zheng
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Bingjian Feng
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ashley L Kapron
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Rong Na
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Julie L Boyle
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Sameep Shah
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Zhuqing Shi
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Charles M Ewing
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urologic Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kathleen E Wiley
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urologic Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urologic Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Patrick C Walsh
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urologic Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Herbert Ballentine Carter
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urologic Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brian T Helfand
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Kathleen A Cooney
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - William B Isaacs
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urologic Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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250
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Fantus RJ, Helfand BT. Germline Genetics of Prostate Cancer: Time to Incorporate Genetics into Early Detection Tools. Clin Chem 2018; 65:74-79. [PMID: 30459162 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2018.286658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) remains the most common solid malignancy in men, and its prevalence makes understanding its heritability of paramount importance. To date, the most common factors used to estimate a man's risk of developing PCa are age, race, and family history. Despite recent advances in its utility in multiple malignancies (e.g., breast and colon cancer), genetic testing is still relatively underutilized in PCa. CONTENT Multiple highly penetrant genes (HPGs) and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been show to increase a patient's risk of developing PCa. Mutations in the former, like DNA damage repair genes, can confer a 2- to 3-fold increased risk of developing PCa and can increase the risk of aggressive disease. Similarly, PCa-risk SNPs can be used to create risk scores (e.g., genetic or polygenic risk scores) that can be used to further stratify an individual's disease susceptibility. Specifically, these genetic risk scores can provide more specific estimates of a man's lifetime risk ranging up to >6-fold higher risk of PCa. SUMMARY It is becoming increasingly evident that in addition to the standard family history and race information, it is necessary to obtain genetic testing (including an assessment of HPG mutation status and genetic risk score) to provide a full risk assessment. The additional information derived thereby will improve current practices in PCa screening by risk-stratifying patients before initial prostate-specific antigen testing, determining a patient's frequency of visits, and even help identify potentially at-risk family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Fantus
- Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Brian T Helfand
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL.
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