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Mauri L, Elmariah S, Yeh RW, Cutlip DE, Steg PG, Windecker S, Wiviott SD, Cohen DJ, Massaro JM, D'Agostino RB, Braunwald E, Kereiakes DJ. Causes of late mortality with dual antiplatelet therapy after coronary stents. Eur Heart J 2015; 37:378-85. [PMID: 26586780 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS In the dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) study, continued thienopyridine beyond 12 months after drug-eluting stent placement was associated with increased mortality compared with placebo. We sought to evaluate factors related to mortality in randomized patients receiving either drug-eluting or bare metal stents in the DAPT study. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients were enrolled after coronary stenting, given thienopyridine and aspirin for 12 months, randomly assigned to continued thienopyridine or placebo for an additional 18 months (while taking aspirin), and subsequently treated with aspirin alone for another 3 months. A blinded independent adjudication committee evaluated deaths. Among 11 648 randomized patients, rates of all-cause mortality rates were 1.9 vs. 1.5% (continued thienopyridine vs. placebo, P = 0.07), cardiovascular mortality, 1.0 vs. 1.0% (P = 0.97), and non-cardiovascular mortality, 0.9 vs. 0.5% (P = 0.01) over the randomized period (Months 12-30). Rates of fatal bleeding were 0.2 vs. 0.1% (P = 0.81), and deaths related to any prior bleeding were 0.3 vs. 0.2% (P = 0.36), Months 12-33). Cancer incidence did not differ (2.0 vs. 1.6%, P = 0.12). Cancer-related deaths occurred in 0.6 vs. 0.3% (P = 0.02) and were rarely related to bleeding (0.1 vs. 0, P = 0.25). After excluding those occurring in patients with cancer diagnosed before enrolment, rates were 0.4 vs. 0.3% (P = 0.16). CONCLUSION Bleeding accounted for a minority of deaths among patients treated with continued thienopyridine. Cancer-related death in association with thienopyridine therapy was mainly not related to bleeding and may be a chance finding. Caution is warranted when considering extended thienopyridine in patients with advanced cancer. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00977938.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mauri
- Harvard Clinical Research Institute, Boston, USA Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA Harvard Medical School , Boston, USA
| | - Sammy Elmariah
- Harvard Clinical Research Institute, Boston, USA Harvard Medical School , Boston, USA Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Robert W Yeh
- Harvard Clinical Research Institute, Boston, USA Harvard Medical School , Boston, USA Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Donald E Cutlip
- Harvard Clinical Research Institute, Boston, USA Harvard Medical School , Boston, USA Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - P Gabriel Steg
- Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis, Inflammation, and Remodeling, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Stephen D Wiviott
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA Harvard Medical School , Boston, USA
| | - David J Cohen
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO, USA University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Joseph M Massaro
- Harvard Clinical Research Institute, Boston, USA Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA Université Paris-Diderot, INSERM U-1148, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Ralph B D'Agostino
- Harvard Clinical Research Institute, Boston, USA Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Eugene Braunwald
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA Harvard Medical School , Boston, USA
| | - Dean J Kereiakes
- The Christ Hospital Heart and Vascular Center, The Lindner Center for Research and Education, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Behnes M, Ünsal M, Hoffmann U, Fastner C, El-Battrawy I, Lang S, Mashayekhi K, Lehmann R, Borggrefe M, Akin I. Design and Rationale of the Femoral Closure versus Radial Compression Devices Related to Percutaneous Coronary Interventions (FERARI) Study. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CARDIOLOGY 2015; 9:97-103. [PMID: 26568686 PMCID: PMC4635979 DOI: 10.4137/cmc.s31932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bleeding events after percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) are associated with patients’ age, gender, and the presence of chronic kidney disease, antithrombotic treatment, as well as arterial access site. Patients being treated by PCI using radial access site are associated with an improved prognosis. However, the safety of femoral closure devices has never been compared to radial compression devices following PCI. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the safety of femoral closure compared to radial compression devices in patients treated by PCI envisaging access site bleedings as well as short- and long-term prognostic outcomes. METHODS The Femoral Closure versus Radial Compression Devices Related to Percutaneous Coronary Interventions (FERARI) study is a single-center observational study comparing 400 consecutive patients undergoing PCI either using radial compression devices (TR Band™) or femoral closure devices (Angio-Seal™) at the corresponding access site. The primary outcome consists of the occurrence of vascular complications at the arterial access site, including major bleedings as defined by common classification systems. Secondary outcomes consist of the occurrence of adverse cardiac events, including all-cause mortality, target lesion revascularization, and target vessel revascularization during 30 days and 12 months of follow-up. RESULTS Study enrollment was initiated in February 2014. The enrollment phase is expected to last until May 2015. CONCLUSIONS The FERARI study intends to comparatively evaluate the safety and prognostic outcome of patients being treated by radial or femoral arterial closure devices following PCI during daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Behnes
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Melike Ünsal
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ursula Hoffmann
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian Fastner
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ibrahim El-Battrawy
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Siegfried Lang
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kambis Mashayekhi
- Internal Medicine Clinic II, Helios Vogtland Klinikum Plauen, Academic Teaching Hospital of Leipzig University, Plauen, Germany
| | - Ralf Lehmann
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martin Borggrefe
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Akin
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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Ndrepepa G, Groha P, Lahmann AL, Lohaus R, Cassese S, Schulz-Schüpke S, Kufner S, Mayer K, Bernlochner I, Byrne RA, Fusaro M, Laugwitz KL, Schunkert H, Kastrati A. Increased bleeding risk during percutaneous coronary interventions by arterial hypertension. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2015; 88:184-90. [DOI: 10.1002/ccd.26272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gjin Ndrepepa
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität; Munich Germany
| | - Philipp Groha
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität; Munich Germany
| | - Anna L. Lahmann
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität; Munich Germany
| | - Raphaela Lohaus
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität; Munich Germany
| | - Salvatore Cassese
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität; Munich Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Kufner
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität; Munich Germany
| | - Katharina Mayer
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität; Munich Germany
| | - Isabell Bernlochner
- 1.Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität; Munich Germany
| | - Robert A. Byrne
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität; Munich Germany
| | | | - Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz
- 1.Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität; Munich Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance; Munich Germany
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität; Munich Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance; Munich Germany
| | - Adnan Kastrati
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität; Munich Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance; Munich Germany
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204
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Brown RA, Shantsila E, Varma C, Lip GYH. Safety and efficacy of abciximab in older adults undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Int J Clin Pract 2015. [PMID: 26202207 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a result of increased cost and bleeding concerns, older patients receive abciximab during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) less often than younger patients. OBJECTIVE The aim of this was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of abciximab in older adults undergoing PCI. DESIGN Retrospective, observational single centre cohort study. METHODS The British Cardiovascular Intervention Society (BCIS) database was used to establish the impact of abciximab in people with advanced age (≥ 75 years) on in-hospital bleeding and ischaemic events and all-cause mortality in 5727 consecutive patients undergoing PCI between January 2008 and June 2014. RESULTS Older patients represented 23% of the study population (n = 1298). Abciximab was used in 198 (15%) older patients and 970 (22%) younger patients (p < 0.001). Unadjusted bleeding and mortality rates were 1.2% and 5.6%, respectively, vs. 0.4% and 1.7% in younger patients (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001 respectively). On multivariate analysis older subjects were at higher risk of bleeding [odds ratio (OR) 2.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26-6.04, p = 0.011] and had higher in-hospital mortality (OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.48-3.74, p < 0.001). The use of abciximab in older patients was not significantly associated with excess bleeding (adjusted OR 1.86, 95% CI 0.58-5.93, p = 0.3), ischaemic outcomes (adjusted OR, 95% CI, p = 0.12) or in-hospital mortality (adjusted OR, 95% CI, p = 0.11). Older patients having primary PCI had higher risk of bleeding irrespective of abciximab use (adjusted p = 0.042). CONCLUSION Abciximab may not be associated with excess bleeding complications in older patients compared with younger individuals and may be safe to use in older people if indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Brown
- University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - E Shantsila
- University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK
- Cardiology Department, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (City Hospital, Birmingham and Sandwell Hospital, West Bromwich), UK
| | - C Varma
- Cardiology Department, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (City Hospital, Birmingham and Sandwell Hospital, West Bromwich), UK
| | - G Y H Lip
- University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK
- Cardiology Department, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (City Hospital, Birmingham and Sandwell Hospital, West Bromwich), UK
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205
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Schurtz G, Manchuelle A, Lemesle G. Stent length as a potential indicator to select patients who may benefit from long-term dual antiplatelet therapy. Interv Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/ica.15.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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206
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What Role for Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibition in Contemporary Coronary Intervention? JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2015; 8:1583-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2015.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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207
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Farag M, Gorog DA, Prasad A, Srinivasan M. Bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin: a meta-analysis of patients receiving percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndromes. Open Heart 2015; 2:e000258. [PMID: 26448869 PMCID: PMC4593234 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2015-000258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) encompasses ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), with generally high thrombus burden and non-ST segment elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS), with lower thrombus burden. In the setting of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ACS, bivalirudin appears superior to unfractionated heparin (UFH), driven by reduced major bleeding. Recent trials suggest that the benefit of bivalirudin may be reduced with use of transradial access and evolution in antiplatelet therapy. Moreover, a differential role of bivalirudin in ACS cohorts is unknown. Methods A meta-analysis of randomised trials comparing bivalirudin and UFH in patients with ACS receiving PCI, with separate analyses in STEMI and NSTE-ACS groups. Overall estimates of treatment effect were calculated with random-effects model. Results In 5 trials of STEMI (10 358 patients), bivalirudin increased the risk of acute stent thrombosis (ST) (OR 3.62; CI 1.95 to 6.74; p<0.0001) compared with UFH. Bivalirudin reduced the risk of major bleeding only when compared with UFH plus planned glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (GPI) (OR 0.49; CI 0.36 to 0.67; p<0.00001). In 14 NSTE-ACS trials (25 238 patients), there was no difference between bivalirudin and UFH in death, myocardial infarction or ST. However, bivalirudin reduced the risk of major bleeding compared with UFH plus planned GPI (OR 0.52; CI 0.43 to 0.62; p<0.00001), or UFH plus provisional GPI (OR 0.68; CI 0.46 to 1.01; p=0.05). The reduction in major bleeding with bivalirudin was not related to vascular access site. Conclusions Bivalirudin increases the risk of acute ST in STEMI, but may confer an advantage over UFH in NSTE-ACS while undergoing PCI, reducing major bleeding without an increase in ST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Farag
- Department of Cardiology , East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust , Hertfordshire , UK ; Postgraduate Medical School, University of Hertfordshire , Hertfordshire , UK
| | - Diana A Gorog
- Department of Cardiology , East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust , Hertfordshire , UK ; Postgraduate Medical School, University of Hertfordshire , Hertfordshire , UK ; National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College , London , UK
| | - Abhiram Prasad
- Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London , London , UK
| | - Manivannan Srinivasan
- Department of Cardiology , East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust , Hertfordshire , UK
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208
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Uddin M, Bundhoo S, Mitra R, Ossei-Gerning N, Morris K, Anderson R, Kinnaird T. Femoral Access PCI in a Default Radial Center Identifies High-Risk Patients With Poor Outcomes. J Interv Cardiol 2015; 28:485-92. [DOI: 10.1111/joic.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muezz Uddin
- Department of Cardiology; University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW; United Kingdom
| | - Shantu Bundhoo
- Department of Cardiology; University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW; United Kingdom
| | - Rito Mitra
- Department of Cardiology; University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW; United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Ossei-Gerning
- Department of Cardiology; University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW; United Kingdom
| | - Keith Morris
- Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB; United Kingdom
| | - Richard Anderson
- Department of Cardiology; University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW; United Kingdom
| | - Tim Kinnaird
- Department of Cardiology; University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW; United Kingdom
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Giustino G, Baber U, Stefanini GG, Aquino M, Stone GW, Sartori S, Steg PG, Wijns W, Smits PC, Jeger RV, Leon MB, Windecker S, Serruys PW, Morice MC, Camenzind E, Weisz G, Kandzari D, Dangas GD, Mastoris I, Von Birgelen C, Galatius S, Kimura T, Mikhail G, Itchhaporia D, Mehta L, Ortega R, Kim HS, Valgimigli M, Kastrati A, Chieffo A, Mehran R. Impact of Clinical Presentation (Stable Angina Pectoris vs Unstable Angina Pectoris or Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction vs ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) on Long-Term Outcomes in Women Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Drug-Eluting Stents. Am J Cardiol 2015; 116:845-52. [PMID: 26174605 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The long-term risk associated with different coronary artery disease (CAD) presentations in women undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stents (DES) is poorly characterized. We pooled patient-level data for women enrolled in 26 randomized clinical trials. Of 11,577 women included in the pooled database, 10,133 with known clinical presentation received a DES. Of them, 5,760 (57%) had stable angina pectoris (SAP), 3,594 (35%) had unstable angina pectoris (UAP) or non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and 779 (8%) had ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) as clinical presentation. A stepwise increase in 3-year crude cumulative mortality was observed in the transition from SAP to STEMI (4.9% vs 6.1% vs 9.4%; p <0.01). Conversely, no differences in crude mortality rates were observed between 1 and 3 years across clinical presentations. After multivariable adjustment, STEMI was independently associated with greater risk of 3-year mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 3.45; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.99 to 5.98; p <0.01), whereas no differences were observed between UAP or NSTEMI and SAP (HR 0.99; 95% CI 0.73 to 1.34; p = 0.94). In women with ACS, use of new-generation DES was associated with reduced risk of major adverse cardiac events (HR 0.58; 95% CI 0.34 to 0.98). The magnitude and direction of the effect with new-generation DES was uniform between women with or without ACS (pinteraction = 0.66). In conclusion, in women across the clinical spectrum of CAD, STEMI was associated with a greater risk of long-term mortality. Conversely, the adjusted risk of mortality between UAP or NSTEMI and SAP was similar. New-generation DESs provide improved long-term clinical outcomes irrespective of the clinical presentation in women.
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210
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Matteau A, Yeh RW, Camenzind E, Steg PG, Wijns W, Mills J, Gershlick A, de Belder M, Ducrocq G, Mauri L. Balancing Long-Term Risks of Ischemic and Bleeding Complications After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Drug-Eluting Stents. Am J Cardiol 2015; 116:686-93. [PMID: 26187674 PMCID: PMC4670082 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although trials comparing antiplatelet strategies after percutaneous coronary intervention report average risks of bleeding and ischemia in a population, there is limited information to guide choices based on individual patient risks, particularly beyond 1 year after treatment. Patient-level data from Patient Related Outcomes With Endeavor vs Cypher Stenting Trial (PROTECT), a broadly inclusive trial enrolling 8,709 subjects treated with drug-eluting stents (sirolimus vs zotarolimus-eluting stent), and PROTECT US, a single-arm study including 1,018 subjects treated with a zotarolimus-eluting stent, were combined. The risk of ischemic events, cardiovascular death/non-periprocedural myocardial infarction (MI)/definite or probable stent thrombosis, and bleeding events, Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Arteries moderate or severe bleed, were predicted using logistic regression. At median follow-up of 4.1 years, major bleeding occurred in 260 subjects (2.8%) and ischemic events in 595 (6.3%). Multivariate predictors of bleeding were older age, smoking, diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, and chronic kidney disease (all p <0.05). Ischemic events shared all the same predictors with bleeding events and gender, body mass index, previous MI, previous coronary artery bypass graft surgery, ST-segment elevation MI on presentation, stent length, and sirolimus-eluting stent use (all p <0.05). Within individual subjects, bleeding and ischemic risks were strongly correlated; 97% of subjects had a greater risk of ischemic events than bleeding. In conclusion, individual patient risks of ischemia and bleeding are related to many common risk factors, yet the predicted risks of ischemic events are greater than those of major bleeding in the large majority of patients in long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Matteau
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert W Yeh
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - P Gabriel Steg
- Cardiology Department, DHU-FIRE, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France; INSERM U1148, Paris, France
| | - William Wijns
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Research Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium
| | - Joseph Mills
- Cardiology Department, Cardiothoracic Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Gershlick
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals of Leicester Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark de Belder
- Cardiology Department, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory Ducrocq
- Cardiology Department, DHU-FIRE, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France; INSERM U1148, Paris, France
| | - Laura Mauri
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
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211
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Généreux P, Giustino G, Witzenbichler B, Weisz G, Stuckey TD, Rinaldi MJ, Neumann FJ, Metzger DC, Henry TD, Cox DA, Duffy PL, Mazzaferri E, Yadav M, Francese DP, Palmerini T, Kirtane AJ, Litherland C, Mehran R, Stone GW. Incidence, Predictors, and Impact of Post-Discharge Bleeding After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66:1036-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.06.1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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212
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Vries MJA, van der Meijden PEJ, Henskens YMC, ten Cate-Hoek AJ, ten Cate H. Assessment of bleeding risk in patients with coronary artery disease on dual antiplatelet therapy. Thromb Haemost 2015. [DOI: 10.1160/th-15-04-0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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213
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Claessen BEPM, Kikkert WJ, Hoebers LP, Bahadurzada H, Vis MM, Baan J, Koch KT, de Winter RJ, Tijssen JGP, Piek JJ, Henriques JPS. Long-term ischaemic and bleeding outcomes after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction in the elderly. Neth Heart J 2015; 23:477-482. [PMID: 26259967 PMCID: PMC4580666 DOI: 10.1007/s12471-015-0733-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The population is ageing rapidly and the proportion of patients aged ≥ 80 years undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is rising, but clinical trials have primarily been performed in younger patients. Methods Patients undergoing primary PCI between 2003 and 2008 were subdivided into 3 groups: < 60, 60-79, and ≥ 80 years. Endpoints at 3-year follow-up included all-cause mortality, recurrent myocardial infarction (reMI), stent thrombosis, target lesion revascularisation (TLR), bleeding (BARC bleeding ≥ 3), stroke, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, a composite of cardiac mortality, reMI, stroke and TLR). Results 2002 patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) were included, 885 (44.2 %) aged < 60, 921 (46.0 %) 60–79, and 196 (9.7 %) ≥ 80 years. Comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, prior stroke, malignant disease, anaemia, and chronic kidney disease were more prevalent in patients ≥ 80 years. The incidence of both ischaemic and bleeding events strongly increased with age. Age ≥ 80 years was an independent predictor of mortality (HR 2.56, 95 % CI1.69–3.87, p < 0.001), a borderline non-significant predictor of overall bleeding (HR 1.38, 95 %CI 0.95–2.00, p = 0.088), and a significant predictor of non-access site bleeding (HR 2.26, 95 %CI 1.46–3.51, p < 0.001). Conclusion Patients ≥ 80 years experienced high rates of ischaemic and bleeding complications; especially in this high-risk patient group individualised therapy is needed to optimise clinical outcomes. Electronic Supplementary Material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12471-015-0733-2 contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimmer E P M Claessen
- Department of Cardiology, B2-115, Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, Amsterdam, AZ, The Netherlands.
| | - Wouter J Kikkert
- Department of Cardiology, B2-115, Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, Amsterdam, AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Loes P Hoebers
- Department of Cardiology, B2-115, Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, Amsterdam, AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Hassina Bahadurzada
- Department of Cardiology, B2-115, Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, Amsterdam, AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Marije M Vis
- Department of Cardiology, B2-115, Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, Amsterdam, AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Baan
- Department of Cardiology, B2-115, Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, Amsterdam, AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Karel T Koch
- Department of Cardiology, B2-115, Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, Amsterdam, AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert J de Winter
- Department of Cardiology, B2-115, Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, Amsterdam, AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Jan G P Tijssen
- Department of Cardiology, B2-115, Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, Amsterdam, AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Jan J Piek
- Department of Cardiology, B2-115, Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, Amsterdam, AZ, The Netherlands
| | - José P S Henriques
- Department of Cardiology, B2-115, Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, Amsterdam, AZ, The Netherlands
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Li J, Yu S, Qian D, He Y, Jin J. Bivalirudin Anticoagulant Therapy With or Without Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors During Transcatheter Coronary Interventional Procedures: A Meta-Analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1067. [PMID: 26266343 PMCID: PMC4616679 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The safety and effectiveness of using the direct thrombin inhibitor bivalirudin during transcatheter coronary interventional procedures remains uncertain.This study aimed to systematically assess anticoagulation with bivalirudin alone or bivalirudin plus glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitors (bivalirudin-based anticoagulant therapy) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures by a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).Systematical searches of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were conducted. RCTs comparing bivalirudin-based anticoagulant therapy with a comparable heparin therapy in patients undergoing PCI were eligible. Risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) served as summary statistics.A total of 38,096 patients from 17 RCTs were randomized to the bivalirudin group (n = 18,878) or heparin group (n = 19,218) in the meta-analysis. No significant differences in death, myocardial infarction or reinfarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, or in-stent thrombosis were observed between the 2 groups (all P > 0.05). Notably, bivalirudin-based therapy showed a highly significant 34% decrease in the incidence of major bleeding (RR = 0.66; 95% CI 0.54-0.81; P < 0.001) and a 28% reduction in the need for blood transfusion (RR = 0.72; 95% CI 0.56-0.91; P < 0.01). Meta-regression analyses demonstrated that additional administration of GP IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors (P = 0.01), especially eptifibatide (P = 0.001) and tirofiban (P = 0.002), was likely to increase the major bleeding risk associated with bivalirudin.Bivalirudin, in comparison to heparin, is associated with a markedly lower risk of major bleeding, and the additional use of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors may weaken this benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabei Li
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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215
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Fujita J, Kohsaka S, Ueda I, Inohara T, Maekawa Y, Kawamura A, Kanazawa H, Hayashida K, Tabei R, Tohyama S, Seki T, Suzuki M, Sano M, Fukuda K. The Prevalence of Clinically Significant Ischemia in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Report from the Multicenter Registry. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133568. [PMID: 26231033 PMCID: PMC4521937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) plays an important role in the evaluation and quantification of myocardial ischemia, and those with significant ischemia (SI) benefit most from revascularization procedures. This study aimed to identify the clinical factors and anatomical features associated with SI in patients with stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD). Methods and Results Data were analyzed from 4197 SIHD patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Ischemia was based on MPS findings prior to PCI, with SI defined as an ischemic region of more than 10% of the total left ventricular area. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify any clinical factors associated with SI. MPS was used to evaluate 1070 (25.5%) patients pre-procedurally. Patients with a history of heart failure, stroke, or anginal symptoms with Canadian Cardiovascular Society class 2 or more were more likely to have SI (odds ratio [OR] 1.63, p = 0.025, OR: 1.85, p = 0.009, and OR: 1.49, p = 0.003, respectively). When angiographic variables were considered, a proximal left anterior descending artery (pLAD) lesion was the sole factor associated with SI (OR: 1.45, p = 0.012). Importantly, those with SI had more in-hospital complications (p = 0.006), most notably post-PCI infarcts (p = 0.008). Conclusions Patients’ background data, such as stronger anginal symptoms or a pLAD lesion, were associated with SI. Patients with SI must be treated with PCI to improve their long-term prognosis; however, procedure-related complications happen more frequently in SI patients than in non-SI patients. Physicians must give their full attention when performing the PCI procedure in SI patients to minimize their complication rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fujita
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160–8582, Japan
- * E-mail: (JF); (SK)
| | - Shun Kohsaka
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160–8582, Japan
- * E-mail: (JF); (SK)
| | - Ikuko Ueda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160–8582, Japan
| | - Taku Inohara
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160–8582, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Maekawa
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160–8582, Japan
| | - Akio Kawamura
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160–8582, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kanazawa
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160–8582, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hayashida
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160–8582, Japan
| | - Ryota Tabei
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160–8582, Japan
| | - Shugo Tohyama
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160–8582, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Seki
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160–8582, Japan
| | - Masahiro Suzuki
- National Hospital Organization Saitama National Hospital, 2–1 Suwa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351–0102, Japan
| | - Motoaki Sano
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160–8582, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160–8582, Japan
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216
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Montalescot G, Brieger D, Dalby AJ, Park SJ, Mehran R. Duration of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Coronary Stenting. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66:832-847. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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217
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Sudarsky D, Sudarsky M, Matezky S, Goldenberg I, Farcas A, Nikolsky E. Impact of Early Invasive Approach on Outcomes of Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome and Baseline Anemia: Analysis From the ACSIS Registry. J Interv Cardiol 2015; 28:315-25. [PMID: 26139008 DOI: 10.1111/joic.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anemia in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is strongly related to the increased risk of bleeding and mortality. Whether benefit of early invasive strategy exceeds the risk of bleeding in these patients is unknown. AIM To assess impact of early coronary angiography on outcomes of patients with ACS and baseline anemia. METHODS AND RESULTS Biennial Israeli ACS registry (ACSIS) prospectively collects data from all 26 public hospitals. The endpoints included rates of in-hospital major bleeding, as well as 30-day and 1-year mortality. Anemia at baseline was present in 1,464 of 5,600 patients with ACS (26.1%). Coronary angiography within index hospitalization was performed less frequently in patients with anemia (76.6% vs. 90.8%, P < 0.001). Non-performance of coronary angiography was associated with older age and higher prevalence of comorbidities. Among patients with anemia who underwent coronary angiography, the majority (95.5%) had obstructive coronary disease, of whom 77.8% were triaged to revascularization. Performance of coronary angiography was associated with significantly lower (P < 0.0001) rates of mortality at 30 days (5.7% vs. 15.6%) and at 1 year (11.9% vs. 34.1%). Major bleeding occurred with similar incidence in groups with and without coronary angiography (3.1% vs. 3.8%, respectively; P = 0.54). By multivariable analysis, performance of coronary angiography was an independent predictor of lower 1-year mortality (hazard ratio [95%CI] = 0.30 [0.21, 0.44]. CONCLUSION In the setting of ACS, despite the presence of baseline anemia, early coronary angiography with subsequent revascularization, when indicated, was associated with improved clinical outcomes including 1-year mortality without significant increase in rates of major bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doron Sudarsky
- Heart Institute, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula.,Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa
| | - Merav Sudarsky
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa.,Clalit Health Services, Haifa and Western Galilee District
| | - Shlomi Matezky
- Leviev Heart Center, the Sheba Medical Center at Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv.,Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv
| | - Ilan Goldenberg
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv.,Neufeld Cardiac Research Institute, the Sheba Medical Center at Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv
| | - Ateret Farcas
- Neufeld Cardiac Research Institute, the Sheba Medical Center at Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv
| | - Eugenia Nikolsky
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa.,Cardiology Department, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
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218
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Khoo CW, Holroyd EW, Butler R, Nolan J, Mamas MA. Transradial percutaneous coronary intervention in high-risk patients. Interv Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/ica.15.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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219
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Effect of access site, gender, and indication on clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention: Insights from the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society (BCIS). Am Heart J 2015; 170:164-72, 172.e1-5. [PMID: 26093878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gender is a strong predictor of periprocedural major bleeding complications after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The access site represents an important site of such bleeding complications, which has driven adoption of the transradial access (TRA) use during PCI, although female gender is an independent predictor of transradial PCI failure. This study sought to define gender differences in access site practice and study associations between access site choice and clinical outcomes for PCI over a 6-year period, through the analysis of the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society observational database. METHODS AND RESULTS In-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (a composite of in-hospital mortality and in-hospital myocardial reinfarction and target vessel revascularization), in-hospital bleeding complications, and 30-day mortality were studied based on gender and access site choice (transfemoral access, TRA) in 412,122 patients who underwent PCI between 2007 and 2012 in the United Kingdom. Use of TRA increased in both genders over time, although this lagged behind in women (21% in 2007 to 58% in 2012) compared with men (24% in 2007 to 64% in 2012). In both men and women, TRA was independently associated with a lower in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular event (odds ratio [OR] 0.82, 95% CI 0.76-0.90; OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.66-0.84), in-hospital major bleeding (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.44-0.66; OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.20-0.33), and 30-day mortality (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.73-0.89; OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.71-0.94), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Where possible, TRA should be considered as the preferred access site choice for PCI, particularly in women in whom the greatest reductions bleeding end points were observed across all indications.
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220
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Kwok CS, Kontopantelis E, Myint PK, Zaman A, Berry C, Keavney B, Nolan J, Ludman PF, de Belder MA, Buchan I, Mamas MA. Stroke following percutaneous coronary intervention: type-specific incidence, outcomes and determinants seen by the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society 2007–12. Eur Heart J 2015; 36:1618-1628. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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221
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Madhavan MV, Généreux P, Kirtane AJ, Xu K, Witzenbichler B, Mehran R, Stone GW. Is routine post-procedural anticoagulation warranted after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction? Insights from the HORIZONS-AMI trial. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-ACUTE CARDIOVASCULAR CARE 2015; 6:650-658. [DOI: 10.1177/2048872615592246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh V Madhavan
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, USA
| | - Philippe Généreux
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, USA
- Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Ajay J Kirtane
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation, USA
| | - Ke Xu
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation, USA
| | | | - Roxana Mehran
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA
| | - Gregg W Stone
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation, USA
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222
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Khan R, Lopes RD, Neely ML, Stevens SR, Harrington RA, Diaz R, Cools F, Jansky P, Montalescot G, Atar D, Lopez-Sendon J, Flather M, Liaw D, Wallentin L, Alexander JH, Goodman SG. Characterising and predicting bleeding in high-risk patients with an acute coronary syndrome. Heart 2015; 101:1475-84. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2014-307346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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223
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Mirski MA, Frank SM, Kor DJ, Vincent JL, Holmes DR. Restrictive and liberal red cell transfusion strategies in adult patients: reconciling clinical data with best practice. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2015; 19:202. [PMID: 25939346 PMCID: PMC4419449 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-015-0912-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion guidelines correctly promote a general restrictive transfusion approach for anemic hospitalized patients. Such recommendations have been derived from evaluation of specific patient populations, and it is important to recognize that engaging a strict guideline approach has the potential to incur harm if the clinician fails to provide a comprehensive review of the patient’s physiological status in determining the benefit and risks of transfusion. We reviewed the data in support of a restrictive or a more liberal RBC transfusion practice, and examined the quality of the datasets and manner of their interpretation to provide better context by which a physician can make a sound decision regarding RBC transfusion therapy. Reviewed studies included PubMed-cited (1974 to 2013) prospective randomized clinical trials, prospective subset analyses of randomized studies, nonrandomized controlled trials, observational case series, consecutive and nonconsecutive case series, and review articles. Prospective randomized clinical trials were acknowledged and emphasized as the best-quality evidence. The results of the analysis support that restrictive RBC transfusion practices appear safe in the hospitalized populations studied, although patients with acute coronary syndromes, traumatic brain injury and patients at risk for brain or spinal cord ischemia were not well represented in the reviewed studies. The lack of quality data regarding the purported adverse effects of RBC transfusion at best suggests that restrictive strategies are no worse than liberal strategies under the studied protocol conditions, and RBC transfusion therapy in the majority of instances represents a marker for greater severity of illness. The conclusion is that in the majority of clinical settings a restrictive RBC transfusion strategy is cost-effective, reduces the risk of adverse events specific to transfusion, and introduces no harm. In anemic patients with ongoing hemorrhage, with risk of significant bleeding, or with concurrent ischemic brain, spinal cord, or myocardium, the optimal hemoglobin transfusion trigger remains unknown. Broad-based adherence to guideline approaches of therapy must respect the individual patient condition as interpreted by comprehensive clinical review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek A Mirski
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1800 Orleans Street, Phipps 455b, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| | - Steven M Frank
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1800 Orleans Street, Phipps 455b, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| | - Daryl J Kor
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Jean-Louis Vincent
- Erasme Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - David R Holmes
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Solinas E, Vignali L, Ortolani P, Guastaroba P, Marzocchi A, Manari A, De Palma R, Mehran R, Paoli G, Notarangelo MF, Caminiti C, Ardissino D, Merlini PA. Association of bleeding, mortality and sex in acute coronary syndromes. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2015; 16:347-54. [DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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225
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Singh M. Bleeding Avoidance Strategies During Percutaneous Coronary Interventions. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 65:2225-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.03.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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226
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Nairooz R, Sardar P, Amin H, Chatterjee S, Helmy T, Naidu SS. Short- and long-term outcomes in diabetes patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with bivalirudin compared with heparin and glycoprotein IIb/IIIA inhibitors: A meta-analysis of randomized trials. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2015; 86:364-75. [PMID: 25914388 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.25952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have more complications than nondiabetes patients, including increased long-term mortality. Use of bivalirudin versus heparin and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (GPI) in diabetes patients undergoing PCI and its effect on long-term mortality were evaluated in few randomized trials, but with conflicting results. METHODS We searched the literature for randomized controlled trials that compared heparin and GPI therapy with bivalirudin in diabetes patients undergoing PCI. The incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), death from any cause, myocardial infarction (MI), urgent revascularization, major and minor bleeding (at 30 days), as well as all-cause mortality at 1 year were included, and meta-analysis was performed. RESULTS A total of 5,137 patients with diabetes were included in four randomized trials. At 30 days, bivalirudin, compared with heparin and GPI, caused less major bleeding (odds ratio (OR), 0.68; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.52-0.89; P = 0.005) and less minor bleeding (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.41-0.57; P < 0.00001) and similar rates of MACE (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.70-1.08; P = 0.21), MI (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.68-1.10; P = 0.25), and urgent revascularization (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.76-1.65; P = 0.57). Death from any cause at 30 day was numerically lower with bivalirudin use but not statistically significant (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.46-1.13; P = 0.15). Mortality at 1 year was significantly lower in diabetes patients treated with bivalirudin compared with heparin and GPI (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.52-0.99; P = 0.04). A secondary analysis suggests that the major bleeding benefit with bivalirudin may be driven by mandated use of GPI in heparin arm. CONCLUSION Among patients with diabetes undergoing PCI, bivalirudin caused less major and minor bleeding compared with heparin and GPI, with similar rates of MACE, death, MI, and urgent revascularization at 30 days, but significantly lower mortality rates at 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramez Nairooz
- Department of Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Partha Sardar
- Department of Cardiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Hossam Amin
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College-Metropolitan Hospital Center, New York City, New York
| | - Saurav Chatterjee
- Department of Cardiology, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center of the Mount Sinai Health System, New York City, New York
| | - Tarek Helmy
- Department of Cardiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Srihari S Naidu
- Department of Cardiology, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York
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227
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Radial Artery Access in Women Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Procedures. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2015; 8:513-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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228
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Choi JH, Seo JM, Lee DH, Park K, Kim YD. Clinical utility of new bleeding criteria: A prospective study of evaluation for the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium definition of bleeding in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. J Cardiol 2015; 65:324-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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229
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Anderson SG, Ratib K, Myint PK, Keavney B, Kwok CS, Zaman A, Ludman PF, de Belder MA, Nolan J, Mamas MA. Impact of age on access site-related outcomes in 469,983 percutaneous coronary intervention procedures: Insights from the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2015; 86:965-72. [DOI: 10.1002/ccd.25896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon G. Anderson
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary; Manchester United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester; Manchester United Kingdom
| | - Karim Ratib
- Department of Cardiology; University Hospital of North Staffordshire; Stoke-on-Trent, North Staffordshire United Kingdom
| | - Phyo K. Myint
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen Scotland United Kingdom
| | - Bernard Keavney
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester; Manchester United Kingdom
| | - Chun Shing Kwok
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester; Manchester United Kingdom
| | - Azfar Zaman
- Department of Cardiology; Freeman Hospital; Newcastle Upon Tyne and Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University; Newcastle United Kingdom
| | - Peter F. Ludman
- Department of Cardiology; Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston; Birmingham United Kingdom
| | - Mark A. de Belder
- Department of Cardiology; The James Cook University Hospital; Middlesbrough United Kingdom
| | - James Nolan
- Department of Cardiology; University Hospital of North Staffordshire; Stoke-on-Trent, North Staffordshire United Kingdom
| | - Mamas A. Mamas
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester; Manchester United Kingdom
- Farr Institute; Institute of Population Health; University of Manchester; Manchester United Kingdom
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Kim M, Chu A, Khan Y, Malik S. Predicting and preventing vascular complications following percutaneous coronary intervention in women. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2015; 13:163-72. [PMID: 25553577 DOI: 10.1586/14779072.2015.995635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of vascular complications is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. While the incidence of percutaneous coronary intervention-related vascular complications has greatly improved over time, female sex still persists as a significant and independent predictor of periprocedural vascular complications, which in turn is associated with a greater risk of short- and long-term mortality. This review provides a contemporary overview of the data on the important issues regarding the risk of percutaneous coronary intervention in women. It examines the intrinsic sex-related factors that may be contributing to women's heightened bleeding risk while also examining the various pharmacologic and procedural bleeding avoidance strategies currently in the literature, with a focus on their potential role and benefit in women specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvie Kim
- University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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231
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Belardi JA, Albertal M. Bleeding that BARCs may bite... Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2015; 85:72-3. [PMID: 25521930 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.25743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Belardi
- Department of Interventional Cardiology and Endovascular Therapeutics, Instituto Cardiovascular de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Holroyd EW, Mustafa AH, Khoo CW, Butler R, Fraser DG, Nolan J, Mamas MA. Major Bleeding and Adverse Outcome following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Interv Cardiol 2015; 10:22-25. [PMID: 29588669 DOI: 10.15420/icr.2015.10.1.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in anti-thrombotic and anti-platelet therapies have improved outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) through a reduction in ischaemic events, at the expense of peri-procedural bleeding complications. These may occur through either the access site through which the PCI was performed or through non-access-related sites. There are currently over 10 definitions of major bleeding events consisting of clinical events, changes in laboratory parameters and clinical outcomes, where different definitions will differentially influence the reported incidence of major bleeding events. Use of different major bleeding definitions has been shown to change the reported outcome of a number of therapeutic strategies in randomised controlled trials but as yet a universal bleeding definition has not gained widespread adoption in assessing the efficacy of such therapeutic interventions. Major bleeding complications are independently associated with adverse mortality and major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) outcomes, irrespective of the definition of major bleeding used, with the worst outcomes associate with non-access-site related bleeds. We consider the mechanisms through which bleeding complications may affect longer-term outcomes and discuss bleeding avoidance strategies, including access site choice, pharmacological considerations and formal bleeding risk assessment to minimise such bleeding events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Holroyd
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital North Staffordshire, Stoke-on-Trent
| | - Ahmad Hs Mustafa
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester
| | - Chee W Khoo
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital North Staffordshire, Stoke-on-Trent
| | - Rob Butler
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital North Staffordshire, Stoke-on-Trent
| | - Douglas G Fraser
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester
| | - Jim Nolan
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital North Staffordshire, Stoke-on-Trent
| | - Mamas A Mamas
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester.,The Farr Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Mamas MA, Anderson SG, Carr M, Ratib K, Buchan I, Sirker A, Fraser DG, Hildick-Smith D, de Belder M, Ludman PF, Nolan J. Baseline bleeding risk and arterial access site practice in relation to procedural outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 64:1554-64. [PMID: 25301457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transradial access (TRA) has been associated with reduced access site-related bleeding complications and mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). It is unclear, however, whether these observed benefits are influenced by baseline bleeding risk. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the relationship between baseline bleeding risk, TRA utilization, and procedure-related outcomes in patients undergoing PCI enrolled in the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society database. METHODS Baseline bleeding risk was calculated by using modified Mehran bleeding risk scores in 348,689 PCI procedures performed between 2006 and 2011. Four categories for bleeding risk were defined for the modified Mehran risk score (MMRS): low (<10), moderate (10 to 14), high (15 to 19), and very high (≥20). The impact of baseline bleeding risk on 30-day mortality and its relationship with access site were studied. RESULTS TRA was independently associated with a 35% reduction in 30-day mortality risk (odds ratio [OR]: 0.65 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.59 to 0.72]; p < 0.0001), with the magnitude of mortality reduction related to baseline bleeding risk (MMRS <10, OR: 0.73 [95% CI: 0.62 to 0.86]; MMRS ≥20, OR: 0.53 [95% CI: 0.47 to 0.61]). In patients with an MMRS <10, TRA was used in 71,771 (43.2%) of 166,083 PCI procedures; TRA was used in 8,655 (40.1%) of 21,559 PCI procedures in patients with an MMRS ≥20, illustrating that TRA was used less in those at highest risk from bleeding complications (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS TRA was independently associated with reduced 30-day mortality, and the magnitude of this effect was related to baseline bleeding risk; those at highest risk of bleeding complications gained the greatest benefit from adoption of TRA during PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamas A Mamas
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Research Group, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Farr Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Simon G Anderson
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Research Group, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Carr
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Karim Ratib
- University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Iain Buchan
- Farr Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Sirker
- The Heart Hospital, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas G Fraser
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David Hildick-Smith
- Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Mark de Belder
- The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | | | - James Nolan
- University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
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Abu-Assi E, Raposeiras-Roubín S, García-Acuña JM, González-Juanatey JR. Bleeding risk stratification in an era of aggressive management of acute coronary syndromes. World J Cardiol 2014; 6:1140-1148. [PMID: 25429326 PMCID: PMC4244611 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i11.1140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Major bleeding is currently one of the most common non-cardiac complications observed in the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Hemorrhagic complications occur with a frequency of 1% to 10% during treatment for ACS. In fact, bleeding events are the most common extrinsic complication associated with ACS therapy. The identification of clinical characteristics and particularities of the antithrombin therapy associated with an increased risk of hemorrhagic complications would make it possible to adopt prevention strategies, especially among those exposed to greater risk. The international societies of cardiology renewed emphasis on bleeding risk stratification in order to decide strategy and therapy for patients with ACS. With this review, we performed an update about the ACS bleeding risk scores most frequently used in daily clinical practice.
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Sharma A, Garg A, Borer JS, Krishnamoorthy P, Garg J, Lavie CJ, Arbab-Zadeh A, Mukherjee D, Ahmad H, Lichstein E. Role of oral factor Xa inhibitors after acute coronary syndrome. Cardiology 2014; 129:224-32. [PMID: 25402219 DOI: 10.1159/000368747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite an early invasive strategy and the use of dual antiplatelet therapy, patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) continue to be at substantial risk for recurrent ischemic events. It is believed that this risk is, at least in part, due to an intrinsic coagulation pathway that remains activated for a prolonged period after ACS. Earlier studies using warfarin showed a reduction in ischemic events, but the overall benefits were offset by increased bleeding complications. Recently, there has been increased interest in the potential role of new oral anticoagulants, some of which target factor Xa, after ACS. Factor Xa is important for the coagulation pathway and also plays a role in cellular proliferation and inflammation. It may thus be an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in ACS. Recently, various oral factor Xa inhibitors have been studied as potential treatment options for ACS. This review will focus on currently available data to evaluate the possible role of factor Xa inhibitors in the management of patients with ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sharma
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, New York, N.Y., USA
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Baber U, Mastoris I, Mehran R. Balancing ischaemia and bleeding risks with novel oral anticoagulants. Nat Rev Cardiol 2014; 11:693-703. [PMID: 25367652 DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2014.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) have long been the standard of care for treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE), and thromboprophylaxis in atrial fibrillation (AF). Despite their efficacy, their use requires frequent monitoring and is complicated by drug-drug interactions and the need to maintain a narrow therapeutic window. Since 2009, novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs), including the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran and the direct factor Xa inhibitors apixaban, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban, have become alternative options to VKAs owing to their predictable and safe pharmacological profiles. The overall clinical effect of these drugs, which is a balance between ischaemic benefit and bleeding harm, varies according to the clinical scenario. As adjunctive therapy to dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome, NOACs are associated with incremental bleeding risks and modest benefits. For treatment of VTE, NOACs have a safer profile than VKAs and a similar efficacy. In thromboprophylaxis in AF, NOACs are associated with the greatest benefits by reducing both ischaemic events and haemorrhagic complications and might reduce mortality compared with VKAs. The role of NOACs continues to evolve as these drugs are evaluated in different patient populations, including those with renal impairment or with AF and undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Baber
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, PO Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ioannis Mastoris
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, PO Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Roxana Mehran
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, PO Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Othman H, Khambatta S, Seth M, Lalonde TA, Rosman HS, Gurm HS, Mehta RH. Differences in sex-related bleeding and outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention: insights from the Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan Cardiovascular Consortium (BMC2) registry. Am Heart J 2014; 168:552-9. [PMID: 25262266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is more common in women than in men. However, the relationship of sex and bleeding with outcomes is less well studied. METHODS We examined the sex-related differences in the incidence of bleeding and its association with in-hospital outcomes among 96,637 patients undergoing PCI enrolled in the BMC2 registry (2010-2012). RESULTS Women had higher bleeding rate than did men (3.9% vs 1.8%) and thus received more blood transfusions (59% vs 41%). Both men (odds ratio [OR] 2.25, 95% CI 1.70-2.97) and women (OR 3.13, 95% CI 2.42-4.07) who bled had higher risk-adjusted death compared with their counterparts without bleeding. Although there was no difference in adjusted mortality between women and men without bleeding (OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.99-1.32), among patients who bled, adjusted death was higher in women (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.11-1.47). Among patients with bleeding, transfusion was associated with similar increased risk of death in both men (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.23-3.25) and women (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.31-3.63) compared with their counterparts without transfusion(s). CONCLUSIONS Post-PCI bleeding was more common and associated with higher-than-expected in-hospital death in women compared with men with bleeding. This trend for higher death in women with bleeding was independent of transfusion. Quality efforts geared toward reducing bleeding in general, with a special focus on women, need to be explored to help reduce post PCI-bleeding and mortality and decrease sex-related disparity in adverse events.
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Baseline Bleeding Risk and Benefit of Transradial PCI. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 64:1565-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.06.1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Parodi G, Bellandi B, Comito V, Capodanno D, Valenti R, Marcucci R, Carrabba N, Migliorini A, Gensini GF, Abbate R, Antoniucci D. Residual platelet reactivity and outcomes with 5mg prasugrel therapy in elderly patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Int J Cardiol 2014; 176:874-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Loh JP, Pendyala LK, Torguson R, Chen F, Satler LF, Pichard AA, Waksman R. Incidence and correlates of major bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention across different clinical presentations. Am Heart J 2014; 168:248-55. [PMID: 25173534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2014.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is identified as a strong predictor for adverse events, including mortality. This study aims to compare the incidence and correlates of post-PCI bleeding across different clinical presentations. METHODS The study included 23,943 consecutive PCI patients categorized according to their clinical presentation: stable angina pectoris (n = 6,741), unstable angina pectoris (UAP) (n = 5,215), non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) (n = 8,418), ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) (n = 2,721), and cardiogenic shock (CGS) (n = 848). RESULTS Severity of clinical presentation was associated with a greater use of preprocedural anticoagulation, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, and intraaortic balloon pump (IABP). TIMI-defined major bleeding increased with increasing severity of clinical presentation: stable angina pectoris, 0.7%; UAP, 1.0%; NSTEMI, 1.6%; STEMI, 4.6%; and CGS, 13.5% (P < .001). On multivariable analysis, CGS (odds ratio [OR], 4.67; 95% CI [2.62-8.34]), STEMI (OR, 3.39; 95% CI [2.07-5.55]), and NSTEMI (OR, 2.00; 95% CI [1.29-3.10]) remained correlated with major bleeding even after adjusting for baseline and procedural differences, whereas UAP did not. The multivariable model also identified the use of IABP, female gender, congestive heart failure, no prior PCI, increased baseline hematocrit, and increased procedure time as correlates for major bleeding. CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing PCI, the worsening severity of clinical presentation corresponds to an increase in incidence of post-PCI major bleeding. The increased risk with CGS, STEMI, and NSTEMI persisted despite adjusting for more aggressive pharmacotherapy and use of IABP. Careful attention to antithrombotic pharmacotherapy is warranted in this high-risk population.
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Mamas MA, Anderson SG, O'Kane PD, Keavney B, Nolan J, Oldroyd KG, Perera D, Redwood S, Zaman A, Ludman PF, de Belder MA. Impact of left ventricular function in relation to procedural outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention: insights from the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society. Eur Heart J 2014; 35:3004-12a. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Dobies DR, Barber KR, Cohoon AL. The effect of bivalirudin and closure device on bleeding outcomes after percutaneous coronary interventions. Open Heart 2014; 1:e000087. [PMID: 25332807 PMCID: PMC4189288 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2014-000087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Studies have demonstrated bivalirudin efficacy in some patients at increased risk of bleeding. The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which bleeding reduction is achieved among all patients using bivalirudin as compared with a heparin with or without 2B3A inhibitor strategy. Methods This is a real-world, large-scale retrospective study utilising the American College of Cardiology (ACC) data from a 37-hospital Ascension Health System. The registry represents routine clinical practice between 1 June 2009 and 30 June 2012. End points included major bleeding, major adverse cardiac events and death. Multivariate regression analysis modelled on predictors of end points. Results This study included 58 862 PCI procedures. Major bleeding rates were lowest for bivalirudin plus closure device overall (OR=0.53, CI 0.21 to 0.84, p=0.001). The use of a device for access closure contributed to the greatest declines in major bleeding. Compared with heparin with device, bivalirudin with device had a significantly lower rate of bleeding (OR=0.37, CI 0.18 to 0.74, p=0.005). The use of device had a greater effect on decreasing bleeding among patients receiving bivalirudin compared with heparin, especially among women (p=0.001). After adjustment for 2B3A use, this advantage was no longer significant in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction patients (OR=1.8, CI 0.5 to 6.0, p=0.34). Conclusions All risk groups in this real world database representing current clinical practice benefited from the use of bivalirudin and device closure with lower risk groups benefiting the most. This robust analysis of real-world clinical data supports a combined treatment strategy of bivalirudin and closure device.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Dobies
- Department of Cardiology , Regional Cardiology Associates , Grand Blanc, Michigan , USA
| | - Kimberly R Barber
- Clinical Research, Genesys Regional Medical Center, Office of Research , Grand Blanc, Michigan , USA
| | - Amanda L Cohoon
- Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory , Genesys Regional Medical Center , Grand Blanc, Michigan , USA
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Cortese B, Sebik R, Valgimigli M. The conundrum of antithrombotic drugs before, during and after primary PCI. EUROINTERVENTION 2014; 10 Suppl T:T64-73. [DOI: 10.4244/eijv10sta11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yoon YH, Kim YH, Kim SO, Lee JY, Park DW, Kang SJ, Lee SW, Lee CW, Park SW, Park SJ. Impact of in-hospital bleeding according to the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium classification on the long-term adverse outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2014; 85:63-71. [PMID: 24282105 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.25308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the impact of bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stents on long-term clinical events according to the newly proposed Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) classification. BACKGROUND Current evidence about the impact of the BARC classification is limited. METHODS Out of a total of 6,166 patients who underwent PCI in a prospective IRIS-DES registry, the impact of in-hospital bleeding defined as the BARC classification on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) comprising death, myocardial infarction (MI), or stroke was analyzed. RESULTS In-hospital bleeding occurred in 235 patients (3.8%) according to BARC classification. During the 2-year follow-up, MACE occurred in 599 patients (9.7%). The 2-year incidence of MACE was significantly higher in patients with bleeding (16.7% vs. 8.3%; adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-2.3; P = 0.002) than in those without bleeding. We observed a higher risk of MI (12.4% vs. 6.4%; adjusted HR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2-2.6, P = 0.005), stroke (3.0% vs. 0.6%; adjusted HR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.4-6.2, P = 0.005) in patients with bleeding. Death (3.8% vs. 1.6%; adjusted HR, 1.6; 95% CI, 0.9-3.0, P = 0.120) and target vessel revascularization (4.3% vs. 1.9%; adjusted HR, 1.6; 95% CI, 0.9-2.9, P = 0.108) were statistically insignificant. Incidence, adjusted HR and P-value were similar between BARC and TIMI classification. CONCLUSIONS In-hospital bleeding events according to the newly proposed BARC definition were significantly associated with an increased risk of adverse long-term events in patients undergoing PCI with drug-eluting stents. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hoon Yoon
- Department of Cardiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
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CYP2C19 genotype-guided antiplatelet therapy in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients-Rationale and design of the Patient Outcome after primary PCI (POPular) Genetics study. Am Heart J 2014; 168:16-22.e1. [PMID: 24952855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE In patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who undergo primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI), the use of dual antiplatelet therapy is essential to prevent atherothrombotic complications. Therefore, patients are treated with acetylsalicylic acid and clopidogrel, prasugrel, or ticagrelor. Clopidogrel, however, shows a major interindividual variation in antiplatelet effect, which is correlated to an increase in atherothrombotic events in patients with high platelet reactivity. This interindividual variation is partly a result of CYP2C19 genetic variants. Ticagrelor and prasugrel reduce atherothrombotic events but increase bleeding rate and drug costs, as compared with clopidogrel. CYP2C19-based tailoring of antiplatelet therapy might be beneficial to STEMI patients. STUDY DESIGN POPular Genetics (NCT01761786) is a randomized, open-label, multicenter trial involving 2,700 STEMI patients who undergo pPCI. Patients are randomized to CYP2C19 genotyping or routine ticagrelor or prasugrel treatment. In the genotyping group, *1/*1 (wild-type) patients receive clopidogrel, and patients carrying 1 or 2 *2 or *3 loss-of-function alleles receive ticagrelor or prasugrel. The primary net clinical benefit end point is the composite of death, (recurrent) myocardial infarction, definite stent thrombosis, stroke, and Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes (PLATO) major bleeding at 1 year. Primary safety end point is the composite of (PLATO) major and minor bleeding. Cost-effectiveness and quality of life will be assessed by calculating quality-adjusted life-years, net costs per life-year, and per quality-adjusted life-year gained. CONCLUSION The POPular Genetics study is the first large-scale trial comparing CYP2C19 genotype-guided antiplatelet therapy to a nontailored strategy in terms of net clinical benefit, safety, and cost-effectiveness.
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Donahue M, Briguori C. Coronary artery stenting in elderly patients: where are we now. Interv Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/ica.14.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Kikkert WJ, Delewi R, Ouweneel DM, van Nes SH, Vis MM, Baan J, Koch KT, Dangas GD, Mehran R, de Winter RJ, Peters RJG, Piek JJ, Tijssen JGP, Henriques JPS. Prognostic value of access site and nonaccess site bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention: a cohort study in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and comprehensive meta-analysis. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2014; 7:622-30. [PMID: 24835321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2014.01.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to investigate the prognostic value of access site bleeding (ASB) and non-ASB for recurrent ischemic outcomes and mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). BACKGROUND The prognostic value of ASB-related complications after STEMI is subject to debate. METHODS The prognostic value of ASB and non-ASB for 1-year mortality, recurrent myocardial infarction (MI), stent thrombosis, and stroke was investigated in 2,002 STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. In addition, we performed a meta-analysis of studies investigating the prognostic value of ASB and non-ASB in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. RESULTS Seventy-four patients (3.7%) were treated by radial access. ASB developed in 124 patients (6.3%) and non-ASB developed in 102 (5.2%). By multivariable analysis, ASB was not associated with a higher risk of 1-year mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.03; p = 0.89), recurrent MI (HR: 1.16; p = 0.64), stent thrombosis (HR: 0.55; p = 0.42), or stroke (HR: 0.47; p = 0.31). Non-ASB was independently associated with 1-year mortality (HR: 2.77; p < 0.001) and stent thrombosis (HR: 3.10; p = 0.021), but not with recurrent MI and stroke. In a meta-analysis including 495,630 patients, non-ASB was associated with a greater adjusted risk of subsequent 1-year mortality than ASB (HR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.56 to 1.76 and HR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.31). CONCLUSIONS In STEMI, ASB was not significantly associated with 1-year clinical outcomes, whereas non-ASB was significantly associated with 1-year mortality and stent thrombosis. These results taken together with those of previous studies indicate a greater risk of subsequent mortality in patients with non-ASB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter J Kikkert
- Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ronak Delewi
- Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dagmar M Ouweneel
- Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sophie H van Nes
- Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marije M Vis
- Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Baan
- Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karel T Koch
- Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - George D Dangas
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York; Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Roxana Mehran
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York; Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Ron J G Peters
- Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan J Piek
- Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan G P Tijssen
- Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jose P S Henriques
- Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Impact of major bleeding on long-term mortality in anemic versus nonanemic patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention using bivalirudin. Am J Cardiol 2014; 113:1481-6. [PMID: 24630790 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2014.01.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bleeding complications after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have been associated with higher short and long-term mortality. Bivalirudin has been shown to reduce bleeding complications in patients who underwent PCI; however, the impact of anemia on bleeding complications and long-term mortality has not been studied. A total of 11,991 patients who underwent PCI over a period of 8 years with bivalirudin as the primary antithrombotic agent were included. Anemia was defined according to the World Health Organization definition. Bleeding complications were prospectively collected. Survival analysis was performed using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Of the 11,991 patients, 4,815 patients (40%) had baseline anemia. Major bleeding occurred in 3.3% of patients with anemia compared with 0.7% of patients without anemia (p <0.001) driven largely by transfusion events. In the overall study population, major bleeding was a significant predictor of mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04 to 1.8, p = 0.027) at a mean follow-up of 2.6 years (interquartile range 1.4 to 3.5). In patients with anemia, major bleeding remained an independent predictor of mortality (HR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.0, p = 0.008); however, in patients without anemia, it did not (HR 1.25, 95% CI 0.52 to 3.03, p = 0.62). In patients who underwent PCI with bivalirudin therapy, major bleeding is associated with early and long-term mortality, which is more pronounced in patients with baseline anemia.
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Ndrepepa G, Schulz S, Neumann FJ, Laugwitz KL, Richardt G, Byrne RA, Pöhler A, Kastrati A, Pache J. Prognostic value of bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with diabetes. EUROINTERVENTION 2014; 10:83-9. [DOI: 10.4244/eijv10i1a14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Alexopoulos D, Xanthopoulou I, Deftereos S, Sitafidis G, Kanakakis I, Hamilos M, Karayannis G, Angelidis C, Stavrou K, Vavuranakis M, Goudevenos JA, Stefanadis C. Bivalirudin Use and One-Month Outcome in the Context of Contemporary Antiplatelet Treatment: Insights from the Greek Antiplatelet Registry. Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 32:120-6. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Spyridon Deftereos
- Department of Cardiology; Athens General Hospital “G. Gennimatas”; Athens Greece
| | - George Sitafidis
- Department of Cardiology; Larissa University Hospital; Larissa Greece
| | | | - Michalis Hamilos
- Department of Cardiology; Iraklion University Hospital; Iraklion Greece
| | - George Karayannis
- Department of Cardiology; Larissa University Hospital; Larissa Greece
| | - Christos Angelidis
- Department of Cardiology; Athens General Hospital “G. Gennimatas”; Athens Greece
| | - Katerina Stavrou
- Department of Cardiology; Patras University Hospital; Patras Greece
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