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Structure elucidation of fucoidan composed of a novel tetrafucose repeating unit from sea cucumber Thelenota ananas. Food Chem 2014; 146:113-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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202
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Rabanal M, Ponce NMA, Navarro DA, Gómez RM, Stortz CA. The system of fucoidans from the brown seaweed Dictyota dichotoma: chemical analysis and antiviral activity. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 101:804-11. [PMID: 24299842 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Room-temperature acid (pH 2) extraction of Dictyota dichotoma thalli yielded 2.2% of sulfated polysaccharides. Further extraction with the same solvent at 70°C was conducted sequentially for nine times, with a total yield of 7.2%. Fucose was the main monosaccharide only in the room-temperature extract (EAR) and in the first 70°C extract (EAH1). The remaining fractions showed increasing amounts of mannose (the main neutral monosaccharide), xylose and uronic acids. Fractionation by means of cetrimide precipitation and redissolution in increasing sodium chloride solutions has allowed obtaining several subfractions from each extract. The fractions redissolved at lower NaCl concentrations have large amounts of uronic acids and lesser sulfate contents, whereas those redissolved at higher NaCl concentrations are heavily sulfated and have low uronic acid contents. For the fucose-rich extracts (EAR and EAH1), fractionation leads to uronoxylomannofucan-rich and galactofucan-rich fractions. The remaining extracts gave rise to complex mixtures, with mannose and uronic acid-rich polysaccharides. Moderate inhibitory effect against herpes virus (HSV-1) and Coxsackie virus (CVB3) were found for the galactofucan-rich fractions. Most of the other fractions were inactive against both viruses, although some xylomannan-rich fractions were also active against HSV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Rabanal
- Departamento de Química Orgánica-CIHIDECAR, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 49 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
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203
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Anastyuk SD, Imbs TI, Dmitrenok PS, Zvyagintseva TN. Rapid mass spectrometric analysis of a novel fucoidan, extracted from the brown alga Coccophora langsdorfii. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:972450. [PMID: 24578675 PMCID: PMC3918692 DOI: 10.1155/2014/972450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel highly sulfated (35%) fucoidan fraction Cf2 , which contained, along with fucose, galactose and traces of xylose and uronic acids was purified from the brown alga Coccophora langsdorfii. Its structural features were predominantly determined (in comparison with fragments of known structure) by a rapid mass spectrometric investigation of the low-molecular-weight fragments, obtained by "mild" (5 mg/mL) and "exhaustive" (maximal concentration) autohydrolysis. Tandem matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectra (MALDI-TOF/TOFMS) of fucooligosaccharides with even degree of polymerization (DP), obtained by "mild" autohydrolysis, were the same as that observed for fucoidan from Fucus evanescens, which have a backbone of alternating (1 → 3)- and (1 → 4) linked sulfated at C-2 and sometimes at C-4 of 3-linked α -L-Fucp residues. Fragmentation patterns of oligosaccharides with odd DP indicated sulfation at C-2 and at C-4 of (1 → 3) linked α -L-Fucp residues on the reducing terminus. Minor sulfation at C-3 was also suggested. The "exhaustive" autohydrolysis allowed us to observe the "mixed" oligosaccharides, built up of fucose/xylose and fucose/galactose. Xylose residues were found to occupy both the reducing and nonreducing termini of FucXyl disaccharides. Nonreducing galactose residues as part of GalFuc disaccharides were found to be linked, possibly, by 2-type of linkage to fucose residues and were found to be sulfated, most likely, at position C-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav D. Anastyuk
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 100 Let Vladivostoku Prosp., 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Tatyana I. Imbs
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 100 Let Vladivostoku Prosp., 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Pavel S. Dmitrenok
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 100 Let Vladivostoku Prosp., 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Tatyana N. Zvyagintseva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 100 Let Vladivostoku Prosp., 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russia
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204
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Fedorov SN, Ermakova SP, Zvyagintseva TN, Stonik VA. Anticancer and cancer preventive properties of marine polysaccharides: some results and prospects. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:4876-901. [PMID: 24317475 PMCID: PMC3877892 DOI: 10.3390/md11124876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many marine-derived polysaccharides and their analogues have been reported as showing anticancer and cancer preventive properties. These compounds demonstrate interesting activities and special modes of action, differing from each other in both structure and toxicity profile. Herein, literature data concerning anticancer and cancer preventive marine polysaccharides are reviewed. The structural diversity, the biological activities, and the molecular mechanisms of their action are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey N Fedorov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
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205
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Balboa EM, Rivas S, Moure A, Domínguez H, Parajó JC. Simultaneous extraction and depolymerization of fucoidan from Sargassum muticum in aqueous media. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:4612-27. [PMID: 24284426 PMCID: PMC3853749 DOI: 10.3390/md11114612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The biomass components of the invasive seaweed Sargassum muticum were fractionated to allow their separate valorization. S. muticum (Sm) and the solid residue remaining after alginate extraction of this seaweed (AESm) were processed with hot, compressed water (hydrothermal processing) to assess the effects of temperature on fucoidan solubilization. Fucose-containing oligosaccharides were identified as reaction products. Operating under optimal conditions (170 °C), up to 62 and 85 wt% of the dry mass of Sm and AESm were solubilized, respectively. The reaction media were subjected to precipitation, nanofiltration and freeze-drying. The dried products contained 50% and 85% of the fucoidan present in Sm and AESm, respectively; together with other components such as phenolics and inorganic components. The saccharidic fraction, accounting for up to 35% of the dried extracts, contained fucose as the main sugar, and also galactose, xylose, glucose and mannose. The concentrates were characterized for antioxidant activity using the TEAC assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena M. Balboa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Polytechnical Building, As Lagoas, Ourense 32004, Spain; E-Mails: (E.M.B.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (J.C.P.)
- Research Transfer and Innovation Centre (CITI), University of Vigo, Tecnopole, Rúa Galicia n° 2, Ourense 32900, Spain
| | - Sandra Rivas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Polytechnical Building, As Lagoas, Ourense 32004, Spain; E-Mails: (E.M.B.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (J.C.P.)
- Research Transfer and Innovation Centre (CITI), University of Vigo, Tecnopole, Rúa Galicia n° 2, Ourense 32900, Spain
| | - Andrés Moure
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Polytechnical Building, As Lagoas, Ourense 32004, Spain; E-Mails: (E.M.B.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (J.C.P.)
- Research Transfer and Innovation Centre (CITI), University of Vigo, Tecnopole, Rúa Galicia n° 2, Ourense 32900, Spain
| | - Herminia Domínguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Polytechnical Building, As Lagoas, Ourense 32004, Spain; E-Mails: (E.M.B.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (J.C.P.)
- Research Transfer and Innovation Centre (CITI), University of Vigo, Tecnopole, Rúa Galicia n° 2, Ourense 32900, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Parajó
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Polytechnical Building, As Lagoas, Ourense 32004, Spain; E-Mails: (E.M.B.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (J.C.P.)
- Research Transfer and Innovation Centre (CITI), University of Vigo, Tecnopole, Rúa Galicia n° 2, Ourense 32900, Spain
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206
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Vishchuk OS, Ermakova SP, Zvyagintseva TN. The fucoidans from brown algae of Far-Eastern seas: anti-tumor activity and structure-function relationship. Food Chem 2013; 141:1211-7. [PMID: 23790906 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The sulfated polysaccharides from brown algae - the fucoidans - are known to be a topic of numerous studies, due to their beneficial biological activities including anti-tumour activity. In this study the effect of fucoidans isolated from brown algae Saccharina cichorioides, Fucus evanescens, and Undaria pinnatifida on the proliferation, neoplastic transformation, and colony formation of mouse epidermal cells JB6 Cl41, human colon cancer DLD-1, breast cancer T-47D, and melanoma RPMI-7951 cell lines was investigated. The algal fucoidans specifically and markedly suppressed the proliferation of human cancer cells with less cytotoxic effects against normal mouse epidermal cells. The highly sulfated (1→3)-α-l-fucan from S. cichorioides was found to be vitally important in the inhibition of EGF-induced neoplastic transformation of JB6 Cl41 cells. In colony formation assay the fucoidans from different species of brown algae showed selective anti-tumour activity against different types of cancer, which depended on unique structures of the investigated polysaccharides. These results provide evidence for further exploring the use of the fucoidans from S. cichorioides, F. evanescens, and U. pinnatifida as novel chemotherapeutics against different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesya S Vishchuk
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, 159 100-Let Vladivostoku Ave., 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.
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207
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Ye H, Zhou C, Li W, Hu B, Wang X, Zeng X. Structural elucidation of polysaccharide fractions from brown seaweed Sargassum pallidum. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 97:659-64. [PMID: 23911498 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structural characteristics of two purified fractions of polysaccharides from Sargassum pallidum (SPS) were investigated in the present study. As results, the molecular weights of the two polysaccharide fractions, SPS-3-1 and SPS-3-2, were determined to be 5.87 and 7.25 kDa, respectively. SPS-3-1 was composed of glucose, mannose and galactose in a molar ratio of 11.18:1.00:0.96, while SPS-3-2 was composed of fucose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in a molar ratio of 2.53:0.61:1.00:0.46:0.92. Both SPS-3-1 and SPS-3-2 exhibited the characteristics of polysaccharide in the frequency range of 4000-400 cm(-1) based on their Fourier-transform infrared spectra. Furthermore, the results of periodic acid oxidation, Smith degradation, methylation analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis suggested that SPS-3-2 was composed of (1→4)-linked fucopyranosyl backbone and (1→3)-linked galactopyranosyl, (1→3)-linked mannopyranosyl, (1→2)-linked xylopyranosyl and (1→6)-linked glucopyranosyl branch chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ye
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
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208
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Prokofjeva MM, Imbs TI, Shevchenko NM, Spirin PV, Horn S, Fehse B, Zvyagintseva TN, Prassolov VS. Fucoidans as potential inhibitors of HIV-1. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:3000-14. [PMID: 23966033 PMCID: PMC3766878 DOI: 10.3390/md11083000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The antiviral activity of different structure fucoidans (α-l-fucans and galactofucans) was studied using two model viral systems based on a lentiviral vectors and a replication competent Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV). It was found that investigated fucoidans have no cytotoxic effects on Jurkat and SC-1cell at the concentration range of 0.001-100 µg/mL. Fucoidans with different efficiency suppressed transduction of Jurkat cell line by pseudo-HIV-1 particles carrying the envelope protein of HIV-1 and infection of SC-1 cells by Mo-MuLV. According to our data, all natural fucoidans can be considered as potential anti-HIV agents regardless of their carbohydrate backbone and degree of sulfating, since their activity is shown at low concentrations (0.001-0.05 µg/mL). High molecular weight fucoidans isolated from Saccharina cichorioides (1.3-α-l-fucan), and S. japonica (galactofucan) were the most effective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M. Prokofjeva
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Engelhardt-Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow 119991, Russia; E-Mails: (M.M.P.); (P.V.S.); (V.S.P.)
| | - Tatyana I. Imbs
- Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 100-Let Vladivostoku Ave., Vladivostok 690022, Russia; E-Mails: (T.I.I.); (N.M.S.)
| | - Natalya M. Shevchenko
- Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 100-Let Vladivostoku Ave., Vladivostok 690022, Russia; E-Mails: (T.I.I.); (N.M.S.)
| | - Pavel V. Spirin
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Engelhardt-Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow 119991, Russia; E-Mails: (M.M.P.); (P.V.S.); (V.S.P.)
| | - Stefan Horn
- Research Department of Cell and Gene Therapy, Clinic for Stem Cell Transplantation, UCCH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg D-20246, Germany; E-Mails: (S.H.); (B.F.)
| | - Boris Fehse
- Research Department of Cell and Gene Therapy, Clinic for Stem Cell Transplantation, UCCH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg D-20246, Germany; E-Mails: (S.H.); (B.F.)
| | - Tatyana N. Zvyagintseva
- Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 100-Let Vladivostoku Ave., Vladivostok 690022, Russia; E-Mails: (T.I.I.); (N.M.S.)
| | - Vladimir S. Prassolov
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Engelhardt-Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow 119991, Russia; E-Mails: (M.M.P.); (P.V.S.); (V.S.P.)
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209
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Boo HJ, Hong JY, Kim SC, Kang JI, Kim MK, Kim EJ, Hyun JW, Koh YS, Yoo ES, Kwon JM, Kang HK. The anticancer effect of fucoidan in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:2982-99. [PMID: 23966032 PMCID: PMC3766877 DOI: 10.3390/md11082982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide, has a variety of biological activities, such as anti-cancer, anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory. However, the mechanisms of action of fucoidan as an anti-cancer agent have not been fully elucidated. The present study examined the anti-cancer effect of fucoidan obtained from Undaria pinnatifida in PC-3 cells, human prostate cancer cells. Fucoidan induced the apoptosis of PC-3 cells by activating both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. The induction of apoptosis was accompanied by the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK1/2 MAPK) and the inactivation of p38 MAPK and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt. In addition, fucoidan also induced the up-regulation of p21Cip1/Waf and down-regulation of E2F-1 cell-cycle-related proteins. Furthermore, in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, fucoidan activated GSK-3β that resulted in the decrease of β-catenin level, followed by the decrease of c-myc and cyclin D1 expressions, target genes of β-catenin in PC-3 cells. These results suggested that fucoidan treatment could induce intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways via the activation of ERK1/2 MAPK, the inactivation of p38 MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and the down-regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. These data support that fucoidan might have potential for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Boo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Korea; E-Mails: (H.-J.B.); (J.-Y.H.); (S.-C.K.); (J.-I.K.); (M.-K.K.); (E.-J.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Ji-Young Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Korea; E-Mails: (H.-J.B.); (J.-Y.H.); (S.-C.K.); (J.-I.K.); (M.-K.K.); (E.-J.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Sang-Cheol Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Korea; E-Mails: (H.-J.B.); (J.-Y.H.); (S.-C.K.); (J.-I.K.); (M.-K.K.); (E.-J.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Jung-Il Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Korea; E-Mails: (H.-J.B.); (J.-Y.H.); (S.-C.K.); (J.-I.K.); (M.-K.K.); (E.-J.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Min-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Korea; E-Mails: (H.-J.B.); (J.-Y.H.); (S.-C.K.); (J.-I.K.); (M.-K.K.); (E.-J.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Eun-Ji Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Korea; E-Mails: (H.-J.B.); (J.-Y.H.); (S.-C.K.); (J.-I.K.); (M.-K.K.); (E.-J.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Jin-Won Hyun
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Young-Sang Koh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Eun-Sook Yoo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Korea; E-Mails: (H.-J.B.); (J.-Y.H.); (S.-C.K.); (J.-I.K.); (M.-K.K.); (E.-J.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Jung-Mi Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Korea
| | - Hee-Kyoung Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Korea; E-Mails: (H.-J.B.); (J.-Y.H.); (S.-C.K.); (J.-I.K.); (M.-K.K.); (E.-J.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
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210
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Bilan MI, Grachev AA, Shashkov AS, Thuy TTT, Van TTT, Ly BM, Nifantiev NE, Usov AI. Preliminary investigation of a highly sulfated galactofucan fraction isolated from the brown alga Sargassum polycystum. Carbohydr Res 2013; 377:48-57. [PMID: 23810980 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A fucoidan preparation was isolated from the brown alga Sargassum polycystum (Fucales, Sargassaceae). The preparation was fractionated by anion-exchange chromatography, and two highly sulfated fractions F3 and F4 were obtained. The fractions were quite similar in composition, but different in chemical structure. F4 was analyzed by chemical methods, including desulfation, methylation, Smith degradation, and partial acid hydrolysis with mass-spectrometric monitoring, as well as by NMR spectroscopy. Several 2D NMR procedures, including HMQC-TOCSY and HMQC-NOESY, were used to obtain reliable structural information from the complex spectra. Molecules of F4 were shown to contain a backbone built up mainly of 3-linked α-L-fucopyranose 4-sulfate residues, as in many other fucoidans, but rather short sequences of these residues are interspersed by single 2-linked α-D-galactopyranose residues also sulfated at position 4. This rather unusual structural feature should have a great influence on the conformation of the polymeric molecule and may be important for biological activity of the polysaccharide. Hence, F4 is an example of a new sulfated galactofucan isolated from the brown alga. According to the data obtained, the distribution of galactose residues along the polysaccharide backbone seems to be not strictly regular, but the definitive sequence of monomers in the polymeric molecules awaits additional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Bilan
- ND Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
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211
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Immunization of fucose-containing polysaccharides from Reishi mushroom induces antibodies to tumor-associated Globo H-series epitopes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:13809-14. [PMID: 23908400 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1312457110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate-based vaccines have shown therapeutic efficacy for infectious disease and cancer. The mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) containing complex polysaccharides has been used as antitumor supplement, but the mechanism of immune response has rarely been studied. Here, we show that the mice immunized with a l-fucose (Fuc)-enriched Reishi polysaccharide fraction (designated as FMS) induce antibodies against murine Lewis lung carcinoma cells, with increased antibody-mediated cytotoxicity and reduced production of tumor-associated inflammatory mediators (in particular, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1). The mice showed a significant increase in the peritoneal B1 B-cell population, suggesting FMS-mediated anti-glycan IgM production. Furthermore, the glycan microarray analysis of FMS-induced antisera displayed a high specificity toward tumor-associated glycans, with the antigenic structure located in the nonreducing termini (i.e., Fucα1-2Galβ1-3GalNAc-R, where Gal, GalNAc, and R represent, respectively, D-galactose, D-N-acetyl galactosamine, and reducing end), typically found in Globo H and related tumor antigens. The composition of FMS contains mainly the backbone of 1,4-mannan and 1,6-α-galactan and through the Fucα1-2Gal, Fucα1-3/4Man, Fucα1-4Xyl, and Fucα1-2Fuc linkages (where Man and Xyl represent d-mannose and d-xylose, respectively), underlying the molecular basis of the FMS-induced IgM antibodies against tumor-specific glycans.
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212
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Thanh TTT, Tran VTT, Yuguchi Y, Bui LM, Nguyen TT. Structure of fucoidan from brown seaweed Turbinaria ornata as studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESIMS) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) techniques. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:2431-43. [PMID: 23857110 PMCID: PMC3736432 DOI: 10.3390/md11072431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to elucidate both the chemical and conformational structure of an unfractionated fucoidan extracted from brown seaweed Turbinaria ornata collected at Nha-trang bay, Vietnam. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was used for determining the chemical structure and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) provided conformational of the structure at the molecular level. The results showed that the fucoidan has a sulfate content of 25.6% and is mainly composed of fucose and galactose residues (Fuc:Gal ≈ 3:1). ESIMS analysis suggested that the fucoidan has a backbone of 3-linked α-l-Fucp residues with branches, →4)-Galp(1→ at C-4 of the fucan chain. Sulfate groups are attached mostly at C-2 and sometimes at C-4 of both fucose and galactose residues. A molecular model of the fucoidan was built based on obtained chemical structure and scattering curves estimated from molecular model and observed SAXS measurement were fitted. The results indicated that fucoidan under study has a rod-like bulky chain conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Thi Thu Thanh
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau giay, Hanoi, Vietnam; E-Mail:
| | - Van Thi Thanh Tran
- Nha Trang Institute of Technology Research and Application, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 02 Hung vuong, Nha trang, Khanh hoa, Vietnam; E-Mails: (V.T.T.T.); (L.M.B.)
| | - Yoshiaki Yuguchi
- Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Electro-Communication University, Hatsu-cho 18-8, Neyagawa-shi, Osaka 572-8530, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Ly Minh Bui
- Nha Trang Institute of Technology Research and Application, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 02 Hung vuong, Nha trang, Khanh hoa, Vietnam; E-Mails: (V.T.T.T.); (L.M.B.)
| | - Tai Tien Nguyen
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau giay, Hanoi, Vietnam; E-Mail:
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213
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Ustyuzhanina NE, Ushakova NA, Zyuzina KA, Bilan MI, Elizarova AL, Somonova OV, Madzhuga AV, Krylov VB, Preobrazhenskaya ME, Usov AI, Kiselevskiy MV, Nifantiev NE. Influence of fucoidans on hemostatic system. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:2444-58. [PMID: 23857111 PMCID: PMC3736433 DOI: 10.3390/md11072444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Three structurally different fucoidans from the brown seaweeds Saccharina latissima (SL), Fucus vesiculosus (FV), and Cladosiphon okamuranus (CO), two chemically modified fucoidans with a higher degree of sulfation (SL-S, CO-S), and a synthetic totally sulfated octasaccharide (OS), related to fucoidans, were assessed on anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities in different in vitro experiments. The effects were shown to depend on the structural features of the compounds tested. Native fucoidan SL with a degree of sulfation (DS) of 1.3 was found to be the most active sample, fucoidan FV (DS 0.9) demonstrated moderate activity, while the polysaccharide CO (DS 0.4) was inactive in all performed experiments, even at high concentrations. Additional introduction of sulfate groups into fucoidan SL slightly decreased the anticoagulant effect of SL-S, while sulfation of CO, giving rise to the preparation CO-S, increased the activity dramatically. The high level of anticoagulant activity of polysaccharides SL, SL-S, and CO-S was explained by their ability to form ternary complexes with ATIII-Xa and ATIII-IIa, as well as to bind directly to thrombin. Synthetic per-O-sulfated octasaccharide OS showed moderate anticoagulant effect, determined mainly by the interaction of OS with the factor Xa in the presence of ATIII. Comparable tendencies were observed in the antithrombotic properties of the compounds tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda E. Ustyuzhanina
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation; E-Mails: (N.E.U.); (M.I.B.); (V.B.K.); (A.I.U.)
| | - Natalia A. Ushakova
- V.N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Pogodinskaya str. 10, 119121 Moscow, Russian Federation; E-Mails: (N.A.U.); (M.E.P.)
| | - Ksenia A. Zyuzina
- Department of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation; E-Mail:
| | - Maria I. Bilan
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation; E-Mails: (N.E.U.); (M.I.B.); (V.B.K.); (A.I.U.)
| | - Anna L. Elizarova
- N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Kashirskoe shosse, 24, 115478 Moscow, Russian Federation; E-Mails: (A.L.E.); (O.V.S.); (A.V.M.); (M.V.K.)
| | - Oksana V. Somonova
- N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Kashirskoe shosse, 24, 115478 Moscow, Russian Federation; E-Mails: (A.L.E.); (O.V.S.); (A.V.M.); (M.V.K.)
| | - Albina V. Madzhuga
- N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Kashirskoe shosse, 24, 115478 Moscow, Russian Federation; E-Mails: (A.L.E.); (O.V.S.); (A.V.M.); (M.V.K.)
| | - Vadim B. Krylov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation; E-Mails: (N.E.U.); (M.I.B.); (V.B.K.); (A.I.U.)
| | - Marina E. Preobrazhenskaya
- V.N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Pogodinskaya str. 10, 119121 Moscow, Russian Federation; E-Mails: (N.A.U.); (M.E.P.)
| | - Anatolii I. Usov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation; E-Mails: (N.E.U.); (M.I.B.); (V.B.K.); (A.I.U.)
| | - Mikhail V. Kiselevskiy
- N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Kashirskoe shosse, 24, 115478 Moscow, Russian Federation; E-Mails: (A.L.E.); (O.V.S.); (A.V.M.); (M.V.K.)
| | - Nikolay E. Nifantiev
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation; E-Mails: (N.E.U.); (M.I.B.); (V.B.K.); (A.I.U.)
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214
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Silchenko AS, Kusaykin MI, Kurilenko VV, Zakharenko AM, Isakov VV, Zaporozhets TS, Gazha AK, Zvyagintseva TN. Hydrolysis of fucoidan by fucoidanase isolated from the marine bacterium, Formosa algae. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:2413-30. [PMID: 23852092 PMCID: PMC3736431 DOI: 10.3390/md11072413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular fucoidanase was isolated from the marine bacterium, Formosa algae strain KMM 3553. The first appearance of fucoidan enzymatic hydrolysis products in a cell-free extract was detected after 4 h of bacterial growth, and maximal fucoidanase activity was observed after 12 h of growth. The fucoidanase displayed maximal activity in a wide range of pH values, from 6.5 to 9.1. The presence of Mg2+, Ca2+ and Ba2+ cations strongly activated the enzyme; however, Cu2+ and Zn2+ cations had inhibitory effects on the enzymatic activity. The enzymatic activity of fucoidanase was considerably reduced after prolonged (about 60 min) incubation of the enzyme solution at 45 °C. The fucoidanase catalyzed the hydrolysis of fucoidans from Fucus evanescens and Fucus vesiculosus, but not from Saccharina cichorioides. The fucoidanase also did not hydrolyze carrageenan. Desulfated fucoidan from F. evanescens was hydrolysed very weakly in contrast to deacetylated fucoidan, which was hydrolysed more actively compared to the native fucoidan from F. evanescens. Analysis of the structure of the enzymatic products showed that the marine bacteria, F. algae, synthesized an α-l-fucanase with an endo-type action that is specific for 1→4-bonds in a polysaccharide molecule built up of alternating three- and four-linked α-l-fucopyranose residues sulfated mainly at position 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem S. Silchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 Let Vladivostok 159, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia; E-Mails: (A.S.S.); (V.V.K.); (A.M.Z.); (V.V.I.); (T.N.Z.)
| | - Mikhail I. Kusaykin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 Let Vladivostok 159, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia; E-Mails: (A.S.S.); (V.V.K.); (A.M.Z.); (V.V.I.); (T.N.Z.)
| | - Valeriya V. Kurilenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 Let Vladivostok 159, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia; E-Mails: (A.S.S.); (V.V.K.); (A.M.Z.); (V.V.I.); (T.N.Z.)
| | - Alexander M. Zakharenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 Let Vladivostok 159, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia; E-Mails: (A.S.S.); (V.V.K.); (A.M.Z.); (V.V.I.); (T.N.Z.)
- Far-Eastern Federal University, ul. Sukhanova 8, Vladivostok, 690950, Russia
| | - Vladimir V. Isakov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 Let Vladivostok 159, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia; E-Mails: (A.S.S.); (V.V.K.); (A.M.Z.); (V.V.I.); (T.N.Z.)
| | - Tatyana S. Zaporozhets
- Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Selskaya str. 1, Vladivostok, 690087, Russia; E-Mails: (T.S.Z.); (A.K.G.)
| | - Anna K. Gazha
- Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Selskaya str. 1, Vladivostok, 690087, Russia; E-Mails: (T.S.Z.); (A.K.G.)
| | - Tatyana N. Zvyagintseva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 Let Vladivostok 159, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia; E-Mails: (A.S.S.); (V.V.K.); (A.M.Z.); (V.V.I.); (T.N.Z.)
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215
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Park HS, Hwang HJ, Kim GY, Cha HJ, Kim WJ, Kim ND, Yoo YH, Choi YH. Induction of apoptosis by fucoidan in human leukemia U937 cells through activation of p38 MAPK and modulation of Bcl-2 family. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:2347-64. [PMID: 23880928 PMCID: PMC3736427 DOI: 10.3390/md11072347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated possible mechanisms on the apoptosis induction of human leukemic cells by fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide found in marine algae. Fucoidan treatment of cells resulted in inhibition of growth and induction of apoptosis, as measured by 3-(4,5-dimetylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium (MTT) assay, fluorescence microscopy, DNA fragmentation, and flow cytometry analysis. The increase in apoptosis was associated with the proteolytic activation of caspases, Bid cleavage, insertion of pro-apoptotic Bax into the mitochondria, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol, and loss of mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) in U937 cells. However, apoptosis induced by fucoidan was attenuated by caspase inhibitors, indicating that fucoidan-induced apoptosis was dependent on the activation of caspases. Furthermore, fucoidan treatment effectively activated the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, and significantly reduced fucoidan-induced apoptosis through inhibition of Bax translocation and caspases activation, suggesting that the activation of p38 MAPK may play a key role in fucoidan-induced apoptosis. In addition, the authors found fucoidan-induced significantly attenuated in Bcl-2 overexpressing U937 cells, and pretreatment with fucoidan and HA 14-1, a small-molecule Bcl-2 inhibitor, markedly increased fucoidan-mediated apoptosis in Bcl-2 overexpressing U937 cells. Our findings imply that we may attribute some of the biological functions of p38 MAPK and Bcl-2 to their ability to inhibit fucoidan-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Soo Park
- Department of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea; E-Mails: (H.S.P.); (N.D.K.)
| | - Hye Jin Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Korea; E-Mail:
- Anti-Aging Research Center & Blue-Bio Industry Regional Innovation Center, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Hee-Jae Cha
- Departments of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 602-702, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Wun-Jae Kim
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 361-763, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea; E-Mails: (H.S.P.); (N.D.K.)
| | - Young Hyun Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 602-714, Korea
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Y.H.Y.); (Y.H.C.); Tel.: +82-51-240-2637 (Y.H.Y.); +82-51-850-7413 (Y.H.C.); Fax: +82-51-243-0016 (Y.H.Y.); +82-51-853-4036 (Y.H.C.)
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center & Blue-Bio Industry Regional Innovation Center, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine, Busan 614-052, Korea
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Y.H.Y.); (Y.H.C.); Tel.: +82-51-240-2637 (Y.H.Y.); +82-51-850-7413 (Y.H.C.); Fax: +82-51-243-0016 (Y.H.Y.); +82-51-853-4036 (Y.H.C.)
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216
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Yang L, Wang P, Wang H, Li Q, Teng H, Liu Z, Yang W, Hou L, Zou X. Fucoidan derived from Undaria pinnatifida induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells via the ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:1961-76. [PMID: 23752353 PMCID: PMC3721216 DOI: 10.3390/md11061961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoidans, fucose-enriched sulfated polysaccharides isolated from brown algae and marine invertebrates, have been shown to exert anticancer activity in several types of human cancer, including leukemia and breast cancer and in lung adenocarcinoma cells. In the present study, the anticancer activity of the fucoidan extracted from the brown seaweed Undaria pinnatifida was investigated in human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells, and the underlying mechanisms of action were investigated. SMMC-7721 cells exposed to fucoidan displayed growth inhibition and several typical features of apoptotic cells, such as chromatin condensation and marginalization, a decrease in the number of mitochondria, and in mitochondrial swelling and vacuolation. Fucoidan-induced cell death was associated with depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH), accumulation of high intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and accompanied by damage to the mitochondrial ultrastructure, depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, Δψm) and caspase activation. Moreover, fucoidan led to altered expression of factors related to apoptosis, including downregulating Livin and XIAP mRNA, which are members of the inhibitor of apoptotic protein (IAP) family, and increased the Bax-to-Bcl-2 ratio. These findings suggest that fucoidan isolated from U. pinnatifida induced apoptosis in SMMC-7721 cells via the ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; E-Mails: (L.Y.); (P.W.); (H.W.); (Q.L.); (H.T.); (Z.L.); (W.Y.)
| | - Peisheng Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; E-Mails: (L.Y.); (P.W.); (H.W.); (Q.L.); (H.T.); (Z.L.); (W.Y.)
| | - Huaxin Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; E-Mails: (L.Y.); (P.W.); (H.W.); (Q.L.); (H.T.); (Z.L.); (W.Y.)
| | - Qiaomei Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; E-Mails: (L.Y.); (P.W.); (H.W.); (Q.L.); (H.T.); (Z.L.); (W.Y.)
| | - Hongming Teng
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; E-Mails: (L.Y.); (P.W.); (H.W.); (Q.L.); (H.T.); (Z.L.); (W.Y.)
| | - Zhichao Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; E-Mails: (L.Y.); (P.W.); (H.W.); (Q.L.); (H.T.); (Z.L.); (W.Y.)
| | - Wenbo Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; E-Mails: (L.Y.); (P.W.); (H.W.); (Q.L.); (H.T.); (Z.L.); (W.Y.)
| | - Lin Hou
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Xiangyang Zou
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; E-Mails: (L.Y.); (P.W.); (H.W.); (Q.L.); (H.T.); (Z.L.); (W.Y.)
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217
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Mak W, Hamid N, Liu T, Lu J, White WL. Fucoidan from New Zealand Undaria pinnatifida: monthly variations and determination of antioxidant activities. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 95:606-14. [PMID: 23618312 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The content and composition of fucoidans extracted from Undaria pinnatifida from mussel farms at the Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand were investigated using CaCl2 extraction. Crude fucoidan (F0) was subsequently extracted on a monthly basis from U. pinnatifida harvested from July to October 2011 from mussel farms in the Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand. Fucoidan yield varied between the frond and sporophyll parts of the algae, with the sporophyll consistently the highest content. The yield from the sporophyll increased significantly from July (25.4-26.3%) to September (57.3-69.9%). Sulphate content in the extracted fucoidan increased more than twice within the same period, while fucose content remained constant. F0 was further purified by ion-exchange chromatography to yield three fractions, F1, F2 and F3. All three fucoidan fractions contained fucose as the primary sugar component followed by galactose, with xylose, glucose and mannose as minor constituents. All fractions exhibited strong antioxidant activities using the DPPH scavenging and CUPRAC assays. This study showed that sporophyll maturation of U. pinnatifida in New Zealand influenced fucoidan content and composition. Sporophyll fucoidan could potentially be a good resource for natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Mak
- School of Applied Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, 34 St Paul Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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218
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Quitain AT, Kai T, Sasaki M, Goto M. Microwave–Hydrothermal Extraction and Degradation of Fucoidan from Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Deoiled Undaria pinnatifida. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie400527b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Armando T. Quitain
- Graduate School of Science and
Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto
860-855, Japan
| | - Takahisa Kai
- Graduate School of Science and
Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto
860-855, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Sasaki
- Graduate School of Science and
Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto
860-855, Japan
| | - Motonobu Goto
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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219
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Chen S, Li G, Wu N, Guo X, Liao N, Ye X, Liu D, Xue C, Chai W. Sulfation pattern of the fucose branch is important for the anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities of fucosylated chondroitin sulfates. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:3054-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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220
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Men’shova RV, Lepeshkin FD, Ermakova SP, Pokrovskii OI, Zvyagintseva TN. Effect of pretreatment conditions of brown algae by supercritical fluids on yield and structural characteristics of fucoidans. Chem Nat Compd 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-013-0429-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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221
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Lee SH, Ko CI, Jee Y, Jeong Y, Kim M, Kim JS, Jeon YJ. Anti-inflammatory effect of fucoidan extracted from Ecklonia cava in zebrafish model. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 92:84-9. [PMID: 23218269 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Fucoidan extracted from Ecklonia cava had strong anti-inflammatory activities. However, the direct effects of fucoidan of E. cava on anti-inflammatory activities in vivo model remained to be determined. Therefore, the present study was designed to assess in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of fucoidan extracted from E. cava (ECF) using tail-cutting-induced and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated zebrafish model. Treating zebrafish model with tail-cutting and LPS-treatment significantly increased the ROS and NO level. However, ECF inhibited this tail-cutting-induced and LPS-stimulated ROS and NO generation. These results show that ECF alleviated inflammation by inhibiting the ROS and NO generation induced by tail-cutting and LPS-treatment. In addition, ECF has a protective effect against the toxicity induced by LPS exposure in zebrafish embryos. This outcome could explain the potential anti-inflammatory activity of ECF, which might have a beneficial effect during the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hong Lee
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
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222
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Ale MT, Meyer AS. Fucoidans from brown seaweeds: an update on structures, extraction techniques and use of enzymes as tools for structural elucidation. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra23373a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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223
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224
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Azuma K, Ishihara T, Nakamoto H, Amaha T, Osaki T, Tsuka T, Imagawa T, Minami S, Takashima O, Ifuku S, Morimoto M, Saimoto H, Kawamoto H, Okamoto Y. Effects of oral administration of fucoidan extracted from Cladosiphon okamuranus on tumor growth and survival time in a tumor-bearing mouse model. Mar Drugs 2012; 10:2337-2348. [PMID: 23170088 PMCID: PMC3497027 DOI: 10.3390/md10102337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the anti-tumor activities of the oral administration of fucoidan extracted from Cladosiphon okamuranus using a tumor (colon 26)-bearing mouse model. The materials used included low-molecular-weight fucoidan (LMWF: 6.5-40 kDa), intermediate-molecular-weight fucoidan (IMWF: 110-138 kDa) and high-molecular-weight fucoidan (HMWF: 300-330 kDa). The IMWF group showed significantly suppressed tumor growth. The LMWF and HMWF groups showed significantly increased survival times compared with that observed in the control group (mice fed a fucoidan-free diet). The median survival times in the control, LMWF, IMWF and HMWF groups were 23, 46, 40 and 43 days, respectively. It was also found that oral administration of fucoidan increased the population of natural killer cells in the spleen. Furthermore, from the results of the experiment using Myd-88 knockout mice, it was found that these effects are related to gut immunity. These results suggest that fucoidan is a candidate anti-tumor functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Azuma
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori-shi, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (K.A.); (T.I.); (H.N.); (T.A.); (T.O.); (T.T.); (T.I.); (S.M.)
| | - Toshitsugu Ishihara
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori-shi, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (K.A.); (T.I.); (H.N.); (T.A.); (T.O.); (T.T.); (T.I.); (S.M.)
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamoto
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori-shi, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (K.A.); (T.I.); (H.N.); (T.A.); (T.O.); (T.T.); (T.I.); (S.M.)
| | - Takao Amaha
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori-shi, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (K.A.); (T.I.); (H.N.); (T.A.); (T.O.); (T.T.); (T.I.); (S.M.)
| | - Tomohiro Osaki
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori-shi, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (K.A.); (T.I.); (H.N.); (T.A.); (T.O.); (T.T.); (T.I.); (S.M.)
| | - Takeshi Tsuka
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori-shi, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (K.A.); (T.I.); (H.N.); (T.A.); (T.O.); (T.T.); (T.I.); (S.M.)
| | - Tomohiro Imagawa
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori-shi, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (K.A.); (T.I.); (H.N.); (T.A.); (T.O.); (T.T.); (T.I.); (S.M.)
| | - Saburo Minami
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori-shi, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (K.A.); (T.I.); (H.N.); (T.A.); (T.O.); (T.T.); (T.I.); (S.M.)
| | - Osamu Takashima
- Scientific Crime Laboratory, Tottori Prefectural Police H. Q., 2-12 Chiyomi, Tottori 680-0911, Japan;
| | - Shinsuke Ifuku
- The Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan; (S.I.); (M.M.); (H.S.)
| | - Minoru Morimoto
- The Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan; (S.I.); (M.M.); (H.S.)
| | - Hiroyuki Saimoto
- The Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan; (S.I.); (M.M.); (H.S.)
| | - Hitoshi Kawamoto
- Marine Products Kimura Co., LTD., 3307 Watari-cho Sakaiminato-shi, Tottori 684-0072, Japan;
| | - Yoshiharu Okamoto
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori-shi, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (K.A.); (T.I.); (H.N.); (T.A.); (T.O.); (T.T.); (T.I.); (S.M.)
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225
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Anastyuk SD, Imbs TI, Shevchenko NM, Dmitrenok PS, Zvyagintseva TN. ESIMS analysis of fucoidan preparations from Costaria costata, extracted from alga at different life-stages. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 90:993-1002. [PMID: 22840031 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Four fucoidan fractions from brown alga Costaria costata, collected at different life-stages: vegetative, May (5F2 and 5F3) and generative, July (7F1 and 7F2) collections were characterized. It was found that seaweed synthesizes different set of fucoidans - one with high fucose content and substantial percentage of hexoses and uronic acid and lower sulfate content (7F1, 5F2 and 5F3) and other - highly sulfated galactofucan (7F2). Structural features of fractions 7F2 and 5F3 were predominantly determined by mass spectrometric analysis of low-molecular-weight (LMW) oligosaccharide fragments, obtained by autohydrolysis of 7F2 and mild acid hydrolysis of 5F3 fucoidans. It was found that oligosaccharides from 7F2 fractions were mainly built up of sulfated at C-2 and/or at C-2/C-4 (1→3)-linked α-l-fucopyranose residues. d-Galactose residues, sulfated either at C-2 or C-6, were found as parts of mixed di- and trisaccharides at both termini and, probably, internal. Fucose residues in 5F3 fucoidan fragments were sulfated at C-2 and sometimes at C-4. Galactose residues were sulfated at C-4 and less frequently at C-2. Resistant to hydrolysis fraction was probably a core, built up with fucose, mannose and glucuronic acid. Presumably, oligosaccharide fragments were branches at C-4 of GlcA. They were sulfated at C-2 and sometimes at C-4 (1→3)- and/or (1→4)-linked fucooligosaccharides (sometimes terminated with (1→3)-linked galactose) and sulfated at C-4 or C-2 (1→4)- or, probably, (1→6)-linked galactooligosaccharides, probably, with own branches, formed by (1→2)-linked galactose residues. Unsulfated xylose residues were probably terminal in chains built up of fucose. It was confirmed, that monosaccharide content and structure of fucoidans of vegetative algae changed following its life stage. Generative alga in general produced highly sulfated galactofucan having lower MW along with less sulfated mannoglucuronofucan with higher MW, which was extensively synthesized by vegetative algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav D Anastyuk
- GB Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 100 Let Vladivostoku Prosp. 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
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226
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Jin W, Wang J, Ren S, Song N, Zhang Q. Structural analysis of a heteropolysaccharide from Saccharina japonica by electrospray mass spectrometry in tandem with collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-CID-MS/MS). Mar Drugs 2012; 10:2138-2152. [PMID: 23170074 PMCID: PMC3497013 DOI: 10.3390/md10102138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A fucoidan extracted from Saccharina japonica was fractionated by anion exchange chromatography. The most complex fraction F0.5 was degraded by dilute sulphuric acid and then separated by use of an activated carbon column. Fraction Y1 was fractionated by anion exchange and gel filtration chromatography while Fraction Y2 was fractionated by gel filtration chromatography. The fractions were determined by ESI-MS and analyzed by ESI-CID-MS/MS. It was concluded that F0.5 had a backbone of alternating 4-linked GlcA and 2-linked Man with the first Man residue from the nonreducing end accidentally sulfated at C6. In addition, F0.5 had a 3-linked glucuronan, in accordance with a previous report by NMR. Some other structural characteristics included GlcA 1→3 Man 1→4 GlcA, Man 1→3 GlcA 1→4 GlcA, Fuc 1→4 GlcA and Fuc 1→3 Fuc. Finally, it was shown that fucose was sulfated at C2 or C4 while galactose was sulfated at C2, C4 or C6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Jin
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao 266071, China; (W.J.); (J.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao 266071, China; (W.J.); (J.W.)
- Nantong Marine Science and Technology R & D Center, IOCAS, Jiangsu 226006, China
| | - Sumei Ren
- College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (S.R.); (N.S.)
| | - Ni Song
- College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (S.R.); (N.S.)
| | - Quanbin Zhang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao 266071, China; (W.J.); (J.W.)
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227
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Anastyuk SD, Shevchenko NM, Dmitrenok PS, Zvyagintseva TN. Structural similarities of fucoidans from brown algae Silvetia babingtonii and Fucus evanescens, determined by tandem MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Carbohydr Res 2012; 358:78-81. [PMID: 22824505 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Rapid mass spectrometric investigation of oligosaccharides, obtained by autohydrolysis of fucoidans from brown algae Silvetia babingtonii and Fucus evanescens (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) has shown both similarities and differences in structural features/sulfation pattern of their fragments, obtained in the same conditions. Tandem MALDI-TOF MS of fucooligosaccharides with even DP (degree of polymerization) was close to that observed for fucoidan from F. evanescens. Slight differences in tandem mass spectra of fragments with odd DP indicated, probably, sulfation at C-3 (instead of C-2 in F. evanescens) of some (1→4)-linked α-L-Fucp residues and/or the presence of short blocks, built up of (1→3)-linked α-L-Fucp residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav D Anastyuk
- GB Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia.
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228
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Xue M, Ge Y, Zhang J, Wang Q, Hou L, Liu Y, Sun L, Li Q. Anticancer properties and mechanisms of fucoidan on mouse breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43483. [PMID: 22916270 PMCID: PMC3423341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide derived from brown algae that has been reported to perform multiple biological activities, including antitumor activity. In this study, we examined the influence of crude fucoidan on mouse breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro, fluorescent staining, flow cytometry and Western blot were performed to analyze apoptosis and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression of mouse breast cancer 4T1 cells. In vivo, therapy experiments were conducted on Babl/c mice bearing breast cancer. The tumor volume and weight were measured. The number of apoptotic cells and microvascular density (MVD) in tumor tissues were assessed by TUNEL and CD34 immunostaining. Immunohistochemical assays and ELISA assay were used to detect the expression of VEGF in tissues. RESULTS In vitro studies showed that crude fucoidan significantly decreased the viable number of 4T1 cells, induced apoptosis and down-regulated the expression of VEGF. The expression of Bcl-2 was decreased, and the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax was significantly decreased. The expression of Survivin and phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated protein kinases (ERKs) was decreased. Cytochrome C was released from mitochondria into cytosol, and the cleaved Caspase-3 protein rose after fucoidan treatment. Intraperitoneal injection of fucoidan in breast cancer models reduced the tumor volume and weight. The enhanced antitumor efficacy was associated with decreased angiogenesis and increased induction of apoptosis. CONCLUSION These findings indicated that crude fucoidan inhibited mouse breast cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. These data suggest that fucoidan may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilan Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yinlin Ge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongchao Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Quan Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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229
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Lee SH, Ko CI, Ahn G, You S, Kim JS, Heu MS, Kim J, Jee Y, Jeon YJ. Molecular characteristics and anti-inflammatory activity of the fucoidan extracted from Ecklonia cava. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 89:599-606. [PMID: 24750764 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic extraction has been successfully used for extracting numerous biologically active compounds from a wide variety of seaweeds. In this study, we found that enzymatic extraction of the fucoidan from Ecklonia cava may be more advantageous than water extraction. Therefore, we studied the E. cava fucoidans extracted by the enzymatic extraction technique and used ion-exchange chromatography to determine their molecular characteristics and anti-inflammatory activities. The crude and fractionated fucoidans (F1, F2, and F3) consisted mostly of carbohydrates (47.1-57.1%), uronic acids (9.0-15.8%), and sulfates (16.5-39.1%), as well as varying levels of proteins (1.3-8.7%). The monosaccharide levels significantly differed, and the composition included fucose (53.1-77.9%) and galactose (10.1-32.8%), with a small amount of rhamnose (2.3-4.5%), xylose (4.0-8.2%), and glucose (0.8-2.2%). These fucoidans contained one or two subfractions with an average molecular weight (Mw) ranging from 18 to 359×10(3)g/mol. These fucoidans significantly inhibited NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Raw 264.7 macrophage cells by down-regulating the expression of iNOS, COX-2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Thus, the present results suggest that E. cava fucoidan may be a potentially useful therapeutic approach for various inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hong Lee
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ik Ko
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - SangGuan You
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 210-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology/Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Soo Heu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition/Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeil Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngheun Jee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Applied Radiological Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea; Marine and Environmental Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 695-814, Republic of Korea
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230
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Kim KJ, Lee BY. Fucoidan from the sporophyll of Undaria pinnatifida suppresses adipocyte differentiation by inhibition of inflammation-related cytokines in 3T3-L1 cells. Nutr Res 2012; 32:439-47. [PMID: 22749180 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a metabolic disorder, associated with cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recent studies suggest that seaweed extracts are a significant source of bioactive compounds that are similar to dietary phytochemicals. Fucoidan, which is extracted from brown seaweeds, has a number of physiological functions. However, it is still unclear whether fucoidan would be beneficial in adipogenesis. In this study, we hypothesized that fucoidan extracted from the sporophyll of U pinnatifida exerts anti-obesity effects via inhibition of inflammatory-related cytokines. Thus, to test our hypothesis, we determined the obesity-specific therapeutic action of fucoidan in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Herein, we showed that proliferator-activated receptor γ, CCAAR/enhancer-binding protein α, and adipocyte protein 2 were significantly suppressed in the presence of fucoidan, which decreased expression of the inflammation-related genes during adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, fucoidan also reduced the accumulation of lipids and reactive oxygen species production in adipocytes. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that fucoidan from the sporophyll of U pinnatifida suppresses adipogenesis through the inhibition of major markers and inflammation-related cytokines in adipocytes. Hence, these findings indicate that fucoidan may afford some potential to control or reduce obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui-Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Kyonggi, 463-836, Republic of Korea
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231
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Skriptsova AV, Shevchenko NM, Tarbeeva DV, Zvyagintseva TN. Comparative study of polysaccharides from reproductive and sterile tissues of five brown seaweeds. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2012; 14:304-11. [PMID: 22072046 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-011-9413-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Sterile and reproductive tissues of five brown algae (Sargassum pallidum, Silvetia babingtonii, Fucus evanescens, Saccharina japonica, and Alaria ochotensis) from Russian Far East seas were compared for the content and monosaccharide composition of fucoidans as well as the content of laminarans and alginic acids. It was proved that reproduction has an apparent effect on fucoidan content and its monosaccharide composition. Fucoidan content in fertile tissues was shown to be 1.3-1.5 times as high as in sterile ones. Based on the present and previously reported data, we believe that fucoidan accumulation during the development of reproductive structure is a general trend for brown seaweeds. Reproduction also caused changes in the monosaccharide composition. As a result, fertile plants synthesized fucoidan with less heterogeneous monosaccharide composition in comparison with sterile ones. Structural changes of this polysaccharide are species-specific and perhaps depend on the type of the synthesized polysaccharide. The fertile plants of S. babingtonii yielded the highest fucoidan content [25% dry weight (dw)] among the tested species, whereas the maximum alginic acid content was found for the sterile tissues of S. japonica-up to 43% dw. There was no general trend in alginic acid content variation during sporulation. The alginic acid content was much higher in the sterile tissues of S. japonica in comparison with the fertile ones. On the contrary, the fertile tissues of A. ochotensis contained more alginic acid than the sterile ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Skriptsova
- Laboratory of the Physiology of Marine Autotrophic Organisms, A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far-Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Science, 17 Palchevskogo St., Vladivostok 690059, Russia.
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232
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Immanuel G, Sivagnanavelmurugan M, Marudhupandi T, Radhakrishnan S, Palavesam A. The effect of fucoidan from brown seaweed Sargassum wightii on WSSV resistance and immune activity in shrimp Penaeus monodon (Fab). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 32:551-64. [PMID: 22245839 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 12/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The polysaccharide-fucoidan was extracted from brown seaweed Sargassum wightii and characterized through FT-IR and (13)C &(1)H NMR analysis. The extracted fucoidan was supplemented with pellet diets at three different concentrations (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3%). The fucoidan supplemented diets were fed to Penaeus monodon for 45 days, then challenged with WSSV and the mortality percentage was recorded daily up to 21 days. During the challenge test, the control group showed 100% mortality within 10 days, but in the experimental groups, the mortality percentage (51-72% within 21 days) was decreased considerably (P < 0.05) with respect to the concentrations of fucoidan. The reduction in mortality percentage of experimental groups over control group was ranged from 50.81 to 68.06%. During challenge experiment, the immunological parameters such as THC, prophenoloxidase activity, respiratory burst activity, superoxide dismutase activity and phagocytic activity were measured before injection of WSSV (0 day) and after the injection of WSSV on 10th and 21st days, respectively. All the immunological parameters of experimental groups were significantly (P < 0.05) increased than control group. RT-PCR analysis confirmed the considerable reduction of WSSV DNA copy numbers with respect to the concentration of fucoidan. It was concluded that P. monodon fed with fucoidan of S. wightii supplemented diet had enhanced the innate immunity and increased resistance against WSSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grasian Immanuel
- Marine Biotechnology Division, Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Rajakkamangalam 629 502, Kanyakumari District, Tamilnadu, India.
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233
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Fucanomics and galactanomics: marine distribution, medicinal impact, conceptions, and challenges. Mar Drugs 2012; 10:793-811. [PMID: 22690144 PMCID: PMC3366676 DOI: 10.3390/md10040793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycomics turned out to be a very extensive project where its subdivision is consequently emerging. This is seen by the growing number of terminologies used to define subprojects concerning particular classes of bioactive carbohydrates. Sulfated fucans (SFs) and sulfated galactans (SGs) are relatively new classes of sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) that occur mostly in marine organisms, and exhibit a broad range of medicinal effects. Their structures are taxonomically dependent, and their therapeutic actions include benefits in inflammation, coagulation, thrombosis, angiogenesis, cancer, oxidation, and infections. Some red algae, marine angiosperm and invertebrates express SPs of unique structures composed of regular repeating oligomeric units of well-defined sulfation patterns. This fine pattern of structural regularity is quite rare among any naturally occurring long SPs, and enables accurate structure-biofunction correlations. Seeing that, fucanomics and galactanomics may comprise distinguished glycomics subprojects. We hereby discuss the relevance that justifies the international recognition of these subprojects in the current glycomics age associated with the beneficial outcomes that these glycans may offer in drug development.
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234
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Lv Y, Song Q, Shao Q, Gao W, Mao H, Lou H, Qu X, Li X. Comparison of the effects of marchantin C and fucoidan on sFlt-1 and angiogenesis in glioma microenvironment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:604-9. [PMID: 22420666 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01430.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the effects of marchantin C and fucoidan on angiogenesis induced by glioma cells and monocytes, and to elucidate the role of sFlt-1 in this process. METHODS T98G glioma cells and THP1 monocytes were pretreated with marchantin C or fucoidan, respectively. Conditioned media were used for endothelial cell tube formation assay and detection of sFlt-1 by ELISA. Depletion of sFlt-1 was achieved by a neutralizing antibody to assess its role in the process. KEY FINDINGS Marchantin C inhibited angiogenesis induced by T98G cells while fucoidan inhibited both T98G and THP1 cell-induced angiogenesis. In all three groups in which angiogenesis was inhibited, sFlt-1 level in the supernatants was elevated. Pretreatment of the conditioned media with sFlt-1 antibody restored the inhibited angiogenesis to a certain degree. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested for the first time that marchantin C and fucoidan could significantly inhibit angiogenesis induced by glioma cells or monocytes. Up-regulation of sFlt-1 played an important role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, China
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Anastyuk SD, Shevchenko NM, Ermakova SP, Vishchuk OS, Nazarenko EL, Dmitrenok PS, Zvyagintseva TN. Anticancer activity in vitro of a fucoidan from the brown alga Fucus evanescens and its low-molecular fragments, structurally characterized by tandem mass-spectrometry. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 87:186-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 06/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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236
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Anastyuk SD, Shevchenko NM, Dmitrenok PS, Zvyagintseva TN. Investigation of a sulfate transfer during autohydrolysis of a fucoidan from the brown alga Fucus evanescens by tandem ESIMS. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:2975-7. [PMID: 22055817 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A fucoidan from the brown alga Fucus evanescens was effectively depolymerized by autohydrolysis. Negative-ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESIMS) revealed that the mixture contained sulfated mono- and oligosaccharides with polymerization degree (DP) up to 6, having from 1 to 4 sulfate groups per molecule. The prevalence of oligosaccharides with even DP was observed. It could be explained by the tendency of the 3-linked α-L-fucopyranose residues to hydrolyze faster than 4-linked ones. The intermolecular sulfate transfer during autohydrolysis was detected by ESIMS, when equimolar quantities of D-Rib and D-Glc were added as acceptors. The products were singly-sulfated and hexose was about four times more effective as an acceptor, than pentose. It was impossible to record MS/MS spectra of the sulfate transfer products, since intensities of their ions were too low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav D Anastyuk
- Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 100 Let Vladivostoku Ave. 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
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237
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Fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides from brown seaweeds inhibit proliferation of melanoma cells and induce apoptosis by activation of caspase-3 in vitro. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:2605-2621. [PMID: 22363242 PMCID: PMC3280569 DOI: 10.3390/md9122605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides (FCSPs) extracted from seaweeds, especially brown macro-algae, are known to possess essential bioactive properties, notably growth inhibitory effects on tumor cells. In this work, we conducted a series of in vitro studies to examine the influence of FCSPs products from Sargassumhenslowianum C. Agardh (FSAR) and Fucus vesiculosus (FVES), respectively, on proliferation of melanoma B16 cells and to investigate the underlying apoptosis promoting mechanisms. Cell viability analysis showed that both FCSPs products, i.e., FSAR and FVES, decreased the proliferation of the melanoma cells in a dose-response fashion, with FSAR being more potent at lower dosages, and FVES being relatively more anti-proliferative than FSAR at higher dosages. Flow cytometric analysis by Annexin V staining of the melanoma cells exposed to the FCSPs products confirmed that both FSAR and FVES induced apoptosis. The FCSPs-induced apoptosis was evidenced by loss of plasma membrane asymmetry and translocation of the cell membrane phospholipids and was accompanied by the activation of caspase-3. The FCSPs bioactivity is proposed to be attributable to distinct structural features of the FCSPs, particularly the presence of sulfated galactofucans (notably in S.henslowianum) and sulfated fucans (notably in F. vesiculosus). This study thus indicates that unfractionated FCSPs may exert bioactive effects on skin cancer cells via induction of apoptosis through cascades of reactions that involve activation of caspase-3.
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238
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Preliminary structural characterization, anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant activities of chondroitin sulfates from marine fish cartilage. Russ Chem Bull 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-011-0115-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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239
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Important determinants for fucoidan bioactivity: a critical review of structure-function relations and extraction methods for fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides from brown seaweeds. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:2106-2130. [PMID: 22073012 PMCID: PMC3210621 DOI: 10.3390/md9102106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 430] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds—or marine macroalgae—notably brown seaweeds in the class Phaeophyceae, contain fucoidan. Fucoidan designates a group of certain fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides (FCSPs) that have a backbone built of (1→3)-linked α-l-fucopyranosyl or of alternating (1→3)- and (1→4)-linked α-l-fucopyranosyl residues, but also include sulfated galactofucans with backbones built of (1→6)-β-d-galacto- and/or (1→2)-β-d-mannopyranosyl units with fucose or fuco-oligosaccharide branching, and/or glucuronic acid, xylose or glucose substitutions. These FCSPs offer several potentially beneficial bioactive functions for humans. The bioactive properties may vary depending on the source of seaweed, the compositional and structural traits, the content (charge density), distribution, and bonding of the sulfate substitutions, and the purity of the FCSP product. The preservation of the structural integrity of the FCSP molecules essentially depends on the extraction methodology which has a crucial, but partly overlooked, significance for obtaining the relevant structural features required for specific biological activities and for elucidating structure-function relations. The aim of this review is to provide information on the most recent developments in the chemistry of fucoidan/FCSPs emphasizing the significance of different extraction techniques for the structural composition and biological activity with particular focus on sulfate groups.
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240
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Foley SA, Szegezdi E, Mulloy B, Samali A, Tuohy MG. An unfractionated fucoidan from Ascophyllum nodosum: extraction, characterization, and apoptotic effects in vitro. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:1851-61. [PMID: 21875034 DOI: 10.1021/np200124m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
An unfractionated fucoidan was extracted from the brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum. Extraction of fucoidan from seaweed was carried out using an innovative low-chemical process. A combinational approach involving compositional analysis, HPAEC, IR analysis, GPC, and NMR was employed to elucidate the composition and structure of an unfractionated fucoidan from A. nodosum. This fucoidan is composed mainly of fucose (52.1%), and also galactose (6.1%), glucose (21.3%), and xylose (16.5%). Sulfate content was determined to be 19%. GPC data indicated a polydisperse fucoidan containing two main size fractions (47 and 420 kDa). NMR analyses revealed a fucoidan displaying broad, complex signals as expected for such a high molecular weight and heterogeneous polymer with resonances consistent with a fucoidan isolated previously from A. nodosum. The effects of fucoidan on the apoptosis of human colon carcinoma cells and fucoidan-mediated signaling pathways were also investigated. Fucoidan decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis of HCT116 colon carcinoma cells. Fucoidan treatment of HCT116 cells induced activation of caspases-9 and -3 and the cleavage of PARP, led to apoptotic morphological changes, and altered mitochondrial membrane permeability. These results detail the structure and biological activity of an unfractionated fucoidan from A. nodosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Foley
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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241
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Marine polysaccharides: a source of bioactive molecules for cell therapy and tissue engineering. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:1664-1681. [PMID: 22131964 PMCID: PMC3225941 DOI: 10.3390/md9091664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of natural bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides, especially glycosaminoglycans, is now well documented, and this activity combined with natural biodiversity will allow the development of a new generation of therapeutics. Advances in our understanding of the biosynthesis, structure and function of complex glycans from mammalian origin have shown the crucial role of this class of molecules to modulate disease processes and the importance of a deeper knowledge of structure-activity relationships. Marine environment offers a tremendous biodiversity and original polysaccharides have been discovered presenting a great chemical diversity that is largely species specific. The study of the biological properties of the polysaccharides from marine eukaryotes and marine prokaryotes revealed that the polysaccharides from the marine environment could provide a valid alternative to traditional polysaccharides such as glycosaminoglycans. Marine polysaccharides present a real potential for natural product drug discovery and for the delivery of new marine derived products for therapeutic applications.
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242
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Paiva AADO, Castro AJG, Nascimento MS, Will LSEP, Santos ND, Araújo RM, Xavier CAC, Rocha FA, Leite EL. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of polysaccharides from Lobophora variegata on zymosan-induced arthritis in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:1241-50. [PMID: 21504801 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzes the action of sulfated polysaccharides, fucans, from algae Lobophora variegata on zymosan-induced arthritis in rats. Groups of fucans, obtained after acetone fractionation (0.3-2.0 volumes), were denominated F0.3, F0.5, F0.8, F1, F1.5, and F2. The results that F1 contained a high yield in relation to other fractionated fucans. Chemical and structure analysis of F1 was performed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared (IR) spectroscopies. The in vitro antioxidant activities of the fraction F1 were also observed. Thus, 2 mg/mL of F1 inhibited the phosphomolybdate in the total antioxidant activity assay. The EC(50) values were 0.3 mg/mL and 0.12 mg/mL for superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, respectively. Fucan F1 (25, 50, and 75 mg/kg by body weight), diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg), and L-NAME (25 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) in rats, according to body weight of different groups of animals (n=6). After 6 h, analyses of cell influx and nitrite levels were conducted. Then after 96 h, analysis of edema and concentration of serum TNF-α was carried out along with histopathological analysis. F1 at 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg i.p. by body weight reduced cell influx in 52.1-96.7% and nitric oxide level in 27.2-39% compared with the control group. The reduction of edema and serum TNF-α was observed at 50 mg/kg i.p. (p<0.001). These results suggest that this heterofucan from the brown algae L. variegata has potential anti-inflammatory activity in acute zymosan-induced arthritis in rats and that antioxidant activity promotes modulation in the cellular redox state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almino Afonso de O Paiva
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
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243
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Park HY, Han MH, Park C, Jin CY, Kim GY, Choi IW, Kim ND, Nam TJ, Kwon TK, Choi YH. Anti-inflammatory effects of fucoidan through inhibition of NF-κB, MAPK and Akt activation in lipopolysaccharide-induced BV2 microglia cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:1745-52. [PMID: 21570441 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from brown seaweed, displays a wide variety of internal biological activities; however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying fucoidan's anti-inflammatory activity remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of fucoidan on production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory mediators in BV2 microglia. Our data indicated that fucoidan treatment significantly inhibited excessive production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia. It also attenuated expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Moreover, fucoidan exhibited anti-inflammatory properties by suppression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation and down-regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and AKT pathways. These finding suggest that fucoidan may offer substantial therapeutic potential for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases that are accompanied by microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Young Park
- Department of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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244
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Krylov VB, Kaskova ZM, Vinnitskiy DZ, Ustyuzhanina NE, Grachev AA, Chizhov AO, Nifantiev NE. Acid-promoted synthesis of per-O-sulfated fucooligosaccharides related to fucoidan fragments. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:540-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 01/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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245
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Jiao G, Yu G, Zhang J, Ewart HS. Chemical structures and bioactivities of sulfated polysaccharides from marine algae. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:196-223. [PMID: 21566795 PMCID: PMC3093253 DOI: 10.3390/md9020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 560] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 01/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharides and their lower molecular weight oligosaccharide derivatives from marine macroalgae have been shown to possess a variety of biological activities. The present paper will review the recent progress in research on the structural chemistry and the bioactivities of these marine algal biomaterials. In particular, it will provide an update on the structural chemistry of the major sulfated polysaccharides synthesized by seaweeds including the galactans (e.g., agarans and carrageenans), ulvans, and fucans. It will then review the recent findings on the anticoagulant/antithrombotic, antiviral, immuno-inflammatory, antilipidemic and antioxidant activities of sulfated polysaccharides and their potential for therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangling Jiao
- National Research Council Canada, Institute for Marine Biosciences, Halifax, NS, B3H 3Z1, Canada;
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Guangli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Junzeng Zhang
- National Research Council Canada, Institute for Nutrisciences and Health, Charlottetown, PEI, C1A 4P3, Canada;
| | - H. Stephen Ewart
- National Research Council Canada, Institute for Marine Biosciences, Halifax, NS, B3H 3Z1, Canada;
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246
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Fucoidan: A Versatile Biopolymer for Biomedical Applications. ACTIVE IMPLANTS AND SCAFFOLDS FOR TISSUE REGENERATION 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/8415_2011_67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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247
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Ku MJ, Jung JW, Lee MS, Cho BK, Lee SR, Lee HS, Vischuk OS, Zvyagintseva TN, Ermakova SP, Lee YH. Effect of Fucus evanescens Fucoidan on Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Promoter, mRNA, Protein and Signal Pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.5352/jls.2010.20.11.1603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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248
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Raghavendran HRB, Srinivasan P, Rekha S. Immunomodulatory activity of fucoidan against aspirin-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2010; 11:157-63. [PMID: 21084063 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2010] [Revised: 10/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gastric ulcers and related complications associated with the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin, represent a major global health problem. In the present study, we investigate the immunological activity of fucoidan against aspirin-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats. Thirty-six rats were randomly divided into the following, normal (Carboxy methyl cellulose 0.05 %), aspirin (Asp-400mg/kg) treated, fucoidan alone (Fu-0.02 g/kg, daily for 14 days) and Fu+Asp. Cytokines, total nitrite and nitrate (NOx) analysis and tissue localization of Cyclooxygenase 1, 2 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were done using Elisa and immunohistochemistry respectively. Histopathology of gastric tissue, collagen deposition was performed using Hematoxylin and Eosin and Masson's trichrome were performed. Treatment of rats with a single dose of aspirin (400mg/kg, orally) led to significant alterations in the levels of total nitrite and nitrate (NOx), interleukins (IL-4, 6, 10, 12), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ). Notably, collagen deposition in glandular tissue and localization of cyclooxygenase 1, 2, and epidermal growth factor were considerably affected in aspirin-treated rats. These severities were prevented to a significant extent in rats pretreated with fucoidan (0.02 g/kg/day for two weeks orally). Our findings collectively indicate that the gastro-protective effect of fucoidan against aspirin-induced ulceration in rats is mediated through its immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanumantha Rao Balaji Raghavendran
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, 22-5 Daeheung-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Bilan MI, Grachev AA, Shashkov AS, Kelly M, Sanderson CJ, Nifantiev NE, Usov AI. Further studies on the composition and structure of a fucoidan preparation from the brown alga Saccharina latissima. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:2038-47. [PMID: 20701899 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Revised: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The polysaccharide composition of a fucoidan preparation isolated from the brown alga Saccharina latissima (formerly Laminaria saccharina) was reinvestigated. The preparation was fractionated by anion-exchange chromatography, and the fractions obtained were analyzed by chemical methods combined with NMR spectroscopy. Several 2D procedures, including HSQC, HMQC-TOCSY, and HMQC-NOESY, were used to obtain reliable structural information from the complex spectra, and the signal assignments were additionally confirmed by comparison with the literature spectra of the related polysaccharides and synthetic oligosaccharides. In accordance with the previous data, the main polysaccharide component was shown to be a fucan sulfate containing a backbone of 3-linked alpha-l-fucopyranose residues sulfated at C-4 and/or at C-2 and branched at C-2 by single sulfated alpha-l-fucopyranose residues. In addition, three other types of sulfated polysaccharide molecules were detected in the total fucoidan preparation: (i) a fucogalactan having a backbone of 6-linked beta-d-galactopyranose residues branched mainly at C-4 and containing both terminal galactose and fucose residues; (ii) a fucoglucuronomannan having a backbone of alternating 4-linked beta-d-glucopyranosyluronic acid and 2-linked alpha-d-mannopyranose residues with alpha-l-fucopyranose residues as single branches at C-3 of alpha-d-Manp; and (iii) a fucoglucuronan having a backbone of 3-linked beta-d-glucopyranosyluronic acid residues with alpha-l-fucopyranose residues as single branches at C-4. Hence, even a single algal species may contain, at least in minor amounts, several sulfated polysaccharides differing in molecular structure. Partial resolution of these polysaccharides has been accomplished, but unambiguous evidence on their presence as separate entities was not obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Bilan
- Laboratory of Plant Polysaccharides, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Prosp., 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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Kim EJ, Park SY, Lee JY, Park JHY. Fucoidan present in brown algae induces apoptosis of human colon cancer cells. BMC Gastroenterol 2010; 10:96. [PMID: 20727207 PMCID: PMC2931458 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-10-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide found in brown algae; it has been shown to exhibit a number of biological effects, including anti-tumor effects. In this study, we evaluated the effects of fucoidan on apoptosis in HT-29 and HCT116 human colon cancer cells. METHODS HT-29 and HCT116 cells were cultured with various concentrations of fucoidan (0 - 20 microg/mL). Apoptosis was assayed via Hoechst staining and Annexin V staining followed by flow cytometric analysis. Western blot analyses and JC-1 staining were conducted to determine the levels of apoptosis-regulating proteins and mitochondrial membrane permeability, respectively. RESULTS Fucoidan induced substantial reductions in viable cell numbers and apoptosis of HT-29 and HCT116 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In HT-29 cells, fucoidan also increased the levels of cleaved caspases-8, -9, -7, and -3, and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) levels. The levels of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein and survivin were attenuated in the fucoidan-treated cells. Fucoidan was also shown to enhance mitochondrial membrane permeability, as well as the cytochrome c and Smac/Diablo release from the mitochondria. Fucoidan increased the levels of the Bak and truncated Bid proteins, but reduced the levels of Mcl-1. Additionally, fucoidan increased the levels of the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, Fas and death receptor 5 proteins. The caspase-8 and -9 inhibitors Z-IETD-FMK and Z-LEHD-FMK induced a reduction in fucoidan-mediated apoptosis. Caspase-8 inhibitor inhibited the fucoidan-induced cleavage of Bid, caspases-9 and -3, and PARP. CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicate that fucoidan induces apoptosis in HT-29 and HCT116 human colon cancer cells, and that this phenomenon is mediated via both the death receptor-mediated and mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathways. These results suggest that fucoidan may prove useful in the development of a colon cancer-preventive protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Kim
- Center for Efficacy Assessment and Development of Functional Foods and Drugs, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 200-702, Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 200-702, Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Lee
- Center for Efficacy Assessment and Development of Functional Foods and Drugs, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 200-702, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 200-702, Korea
| | - Jung Han Yoon Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 200-702, Korea
- Center for Efficacy Assessment and Development of Functional Foods and Drugs, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 200-702, Korea
- Medical & Bio-Materials Research Center, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 200-702, Korea
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