201
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Chemosensory and thermal cue responses in the sub-Antarctic moth Pringleophaga marioni: Do caterpillars choose Wandering Albatross nest proxies? Polar Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-014-1457-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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202
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Kleynhans E, Clusella-Trullas S, Terblanche JS. Impacts of environmental variability on desiccation rate, plastic responses and population dynamics of Glossina pallidipes. J Evol Biol 2014; 27:337-48. [PMID: 24386875 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Physiological responses to transient conditions may result in costly responses with little fitness benefits, and therefore, a trade-off must exist between the speed of response and the duration of exposure to new conditions. Here, using the puparia of an important insect disease vector, Glossina pallidipes, we examine this potential trade-off using a novel combination of an experimental approach and a population dynamics model. Specifically, we explore and dissect the interactions between plastic physiological responses, treatment-duration and -intensity using an experimental approach. We then integrate these experimental results from organismal water-balance data and their plastic responses into a population dynamics model to examine the potential relative fitness effects of simulated transient weather conditions on population growth rates. The results show evidence for the predicted trade-off for plasticity of water loss rate (WLR) and the duration of new environmental conditions. When altered environmental conditions lasted for longer durations, physiological responses could match the new environmental conditions, and this resulted in a lower WLR and lower rates of population decline. At shorter time-scales however, a mismatch between acclimation duration and physiological responses was reflected by reduced overall population growth rates. This may indicate a potential fitness cost due to insufficient time for physiological adjustments to take place. The outcomes of this work therefore suggest plastic water balance responses have both costs and benefits, and these depend on the time-scale and magnitude of variation in environmental conditions. These results are significant for understanding the evolution of plastic physiological responses and changes in population abundance in the context of environmental variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kleynhans
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
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203
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Lü ZC, Wang YM, Zhu SG, Yu H, Guo JY, Wan FH. Trade-offs between survival, longevity, and reproduction, and variation of survival tolerance in Mediterranean Bemisia tabaci after temperature stress. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2014; 14:124. [PMID: 25368068 PMCID: PMC4222314 DOI: 10.1093/jis/14.1.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The invasive Mediterranean Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) has emerged as one of the most common agricultural pests in the world. In the present study, we examined the cross-tolerance, fitness costs, and benefits of thermal tolerance and the variation in the responses of life history traits after heat-shock selection. The results showed that survival and longevity of Mediterranean B. tabaci were decreased significantly after direct or cross temperature stress and that the number of eggs per female was not reduced significantly. Furthermore, heat-shock selection dramatically increased the survival of Mediterranean B. tabaci within two generations, and it did not significantly affect the egg number per female within five generations. These results indicated that there was a trade-off between survival, longevity, and reproduction in Mediterranean B. tabaci after temperature stress. The improvement in reproduction was costly in terms of decreased survival and longevity, and there was a fitness consequence to temperature stress. In addition, heat tolerance in Mediterranean B. tabaci increased substantially after selection by heat shock, indicating a considerable variation for survival tolerance in this species. This information could help us better understand the thermal biology of Mediterranean B. tabaci within the context of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Chuang Lü
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yan-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shao-Guang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China Department of Entomology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Jian-Ying Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fang-Hao Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China Center for Management of Invasive Alien Species, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
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204
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Morley EL, Jones G, Radford AN. The importance of invertebrates when considering the impacts of anthropogenic noise. Proc Biol Sci 2013; 281:20132683. [PMID: 24335986 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.2683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic noise is now recognized as a major global pollutant. Rapidly burgeoning research has identified impacts on individual behaviour and physiology through to community disruption. To date, however, there has been an almost exclusive focus on vertebrates. Not only does their central role in food webs and in fulfilling ecosystem services make imperative our understanding of how invertebrates are impacted by all aspects of environmental change, but also many of their inherent characteristics provide opportunities to overcome common issues with the current anthropogenic noise literature. Here, we begin by explaining why invertebrates are likely to be affected by anthropogenic noise, briefly reviewing their capacity for hearing and providing evidence that they are capable of evolutionary adaptation and behavioural plasticity in response to natural noise sources. We then discuss the importance of quantifying accurately and fully both auditory ability and noise content, emphasizing considerations of direct relevance to how invertebrates detect sounds. We showcase how studying invertebrates can help with the behavioural bias in the literature, the difficulties in drawing strong, ecologically valid conclusions and the need for studies on fitness impacts. Finally, we suggest avenues of future research using invertebrates that would advance our understanding of the impact of anthropogenic noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L Morley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, , Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, , 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada , M1C 1A4
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205
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Estay SA, Lima M, Bozinovic F. The role of temperature variability on insect performance and population dynamics in a warming world. OIKOS 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2013.00607.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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206
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Clusella-Trullas S, Chown SL. Lizard thermal trait variation at multiple scales: a review. J Comp Physiol B 2013; 184:5-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-013-0776-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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207
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Kellermann V, Overgaard J, Loeschcke V, Kristensen TN, Hoffmann AA. Trait associations across evolutionary time within a drosophila phylogeny: correlated selection or genetic constraint? PLoS One 2013; 8:e72072. [PMID: 24015206 PMCID: PMC3756044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Traits do not evolve independently. To understand how trait changes under selection might constrain adaptive changes, phenotypic and genetic correlations are typically considered within species, but these capture constraints across a few generations rather than evolutionary time. For longer-term constraints, comparisons are needed across species but associations may arise because of correlated selection pressures rather than genetic interactions. Implementing a unique approach, we use known patterns of selection to separate likely trait correlations arising due to correlated selection from those reflecting genetic constraints. We examined the evolution of stress resistance in >90 Drosophila species adapted to a range of environments, while controlling for phylogeny. Initially we examined the role of climate and phylogeny in shaping the evolution of starvation and body size, two traits previously not examined in this context. Following correction for phylogeny only a weak relationship between climate and starvation resistance was detected, while all of the variation in the relationship between body size and climate could be attributed to phylogeny. Species were divided into three environmental groups (hot and dry, hot and wet, cold) with the expectation that, if genetic correlations underpin trait correlations, these would persist irrespective of the environment, whereas selection-driven evolution should produce correlations dependent on the environment. We found positive associations between most traits in hot and dry environments coupled with high trait means. In contrast few trait correlations were observed in hot/wet and cold environments. These results suggest trait associations are primarily driven by correlated selection rather than genetic interactions, highlighting that such interactions are unlikely to limit evolution of stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Kellermann
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - Torsten Nygaard Kristensen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
- NordGen - Nordic Genetic Resource Center, Ås, Norway
| | - Ary A. Hoffmann
- Department of Genetics, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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208
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Ferrer A, Dorn S, Mazzi D. Cross-generational effects of temperature on flight performance, and associated life-history traits in an insect. J Evol Biol 2013; 26:2321-30. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Ferrer
- ETH Zurich; Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Applied Entomology; Zurich Switzerland
| | - S. Dorn
- ETH Zurich; Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Applied Entomology; Zurich Switzerland
| | - D. Mazzi
- ETH Zurich; Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Applied Entomology; Zurich Switzerland
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209
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Boardman L, Sørensen JG, Terblanche JS. Physiological responses to fluctuating thermal and hydration regimes in the chill susceptible insect, Thaumatotibia leucotreta. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 59:781-794. [PMID: 23684741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Fluctuating thermal regimes (FTR), consisting of cycles between stressful low and benign temperatures, are known to improve survival and fecundity in a variety of insects. By contrast, fluctuating hydration regimes (FHR) consisting of cycles between dehydrating and benign conditions have been less comprehensively researched. Hypothetically, either repeated stress accumulates damage and reduces survival, or the recovery periods may act as a protective mechanism by allowing low temperature- or dehydration-induced damage to be repaired. Using false codling moth (Thaumatotibia leucotreta) larvae, we investigated whether FTR and FHR resulted in protection, or accumulated damage, at the cellular and whole-organism levels. Time- and age-matched controls were used to verify that the effects were due to the fluctuating stressors and not age- or time-dependent responses. Results showed that larval body water-(BWC) and lipid content (BLC) remained unchanged in response to FTR. Importantly though, FTR are protective when compared to constant low temperature exposures, potentially due to an increase in heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). However, larvae may suffer long-term fitness consequences compared to constant benign exposures. Results for FHR appear equivocal when compared to constant controls, due to high survival rates for all experiments, although the physiological responses to FHR included a decrease in larval BWC and BLC, a decrease in cuticular water loss rates, and a depletion of HSP70 during the final dehydration cycle. In conclusion, it appears that fluctuating stressors are protective in T. leucotreta when compared to constant stress conditions, likely through regulation of whole-animal metabolic rate and HSP70, although other mechanisms (e.g. ion homeostasis) are also implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Boardman
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
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210
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Kingsolver JG, Diamond SE, Buckley LB. Heat stress and the fitness consequences of climate change for terrestrial ectotherms. Funct Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel G. Kingsolver
- Department of Biology; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599-3280 USA
| | - Sarah E. Diamond
- Department of Biology; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina 27695-7617 USA
| | - Lauren B. Buckley
- Department of Biology; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599-3280 USA
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211
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Araújo MB, Ferri‐Yáñez F, Bozinovic F, Marquet PA, Valladares F, Chown SL. Heat freezes niche evolution. Ecol Lett 2013; 16:1206-19. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 575] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel B. Araújo
- Departamento de Biogeografía y Cambio Global Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales CSIC & Laboratorio Internacional en Cambio Global CSIC‐PUC (LINCGlobal) Calle José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2 28006 Madrid Spain
- ‘Rui Nabeiro’ Biodiversity Chair CIBIO University of Évora Largo dos Colegiais 7000 Évora Portugal
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 15 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Francisco Ferri‐Yáñez
- Departamento de Biogeografía y Cambio Global Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales CSIC & Laboratorio Internacional en Cambio Global CSIC‐PUC (LINCGlobal) Calle José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Francisco Bozinovic
- Departamento de Ecología Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile & Laboratorio Internacional en Cambio Global CSIC‐PUC (LINCGlobal) Alameda 340 Santiago de Chile Chile
| | - Pablo A. Marquet
- Departamento de Ecología Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile & Laboratorio Internacional en Cambio Global CSIC‐PUC (LINCGlobal) Alameda 340 Santiago de Chile Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB) Casilla 653 Santiago Chile
- The Santa Fe Institute 1399 Hyde Park Road Santa Fe NM 87501 USA
| | - Fernando Valladares
- Departamento de Biogeografía y Cambio Global Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales CSIC & Laboratorio Internacional en Cambio Global CSIC‐PUC (LINCGlobal) Calle José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Steven L. Chown
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Victoria 3800 Australia
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212
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Lyons CL, Coetzee M, Chown SL. Stable and fluctuating temperature effects on the development rate and survival of two malaria vectors, Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus. Parasit Vectors 2013; 6:104. [PMID: 23590860 PMCID: PMC3637585 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the biology of malaria vector mosquitoes is crucial to understanding many aspects of the disease, including control and future outcomes. The development rates and survival of two Afrotropical malaria vectors, Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus, are investigated here under conditions of constant and fluctuating temperatures. These data can provide a good starting point for modelling population level consequences of temperature change associated with climate change. For comparative purposes, these data were considered explicitly in the context of those available for the third African malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae. Methods Twenty five replicates of 20–30 eggs were placed at nine constant and two fluctuating temperatures for development rate experiments and survival estimates. Various developmental parameters were estimated from the data, using standard approaches. Results Lower development threshold (LDT) for both species was estimated at 13-14°C. Anopheles arabiensis developed consistently faster than An. funestus. Optimum temperature (Topt) and development rate at this temperature (μmax) differed significantly between species for overall development and larval development. However, Topt and μmax for pupal development did not differ significantly between species. Development rate and survival of An. funestus was negatively influenced by fluctuating temperatures. By contrast, development rate of An. arabiensis at fluctuating temperatures either did not differ from constant temperatures or was significantly faster. Survival of this species declined by c. 10% at the 15°C to 35°C fluctuating temperature regime, but was not significantly different between the constant 25°C and the fluctuating 20°C to 30°C treatment. By comparison, previous data for An. gambiae indicated fastest development at a constant temperature of 28°C and highest survival at 24°C. Conclusions The three most important African malaria vectors all differ significantly in development rates and survival under different temperature treatments, in keeping with known distribution data, though differences among M and S molecular forms of An. gambiae likely complicate the picture. Increasing temperatures associated with climate change favour all three species, but fluctuations in temperatures are detrimental to An. funestus and may also be for An. gambiae. This may have significant implications for disease burden in areas where each species is the main malaria vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice L Lyons
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
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213
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Cooke SJ, Sack L, Franklin CE, Farrell AP, Beardall J, Wikelski M, Chown SL. What is conservation physiology? Perspectives on an increasingly integrated and essential science(†). CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 1:cot001. [PMID: 27293585 PMCID: PMC4732437 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cot001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Globally, ecosystems and their constituent flora and fauna face the localized and broad-scale influence of human activities. Conservation practitioners and environmental managers struggle to identify and mitigate threats, reverse species declines, restore degraded ecosystems, and manage natural resources sustainably. Scientific research and evidence are increasingly regarded as the foundation for new regulations, conservation actions, and management interventions. Conservation biologists and managers have traditionally focused on the characteristics (e.g. abundance, structure, trends) of populations, species, communities, and ecosystems, and simple indicators of the responses to environmental perturbations and other human activities. However, an understanding of the specific mechanisms underlying conservation problems is becoming increasingly important for decision-making, in part because physiological tools and knowledge are especially useful for developing cause-and-effect relationships, and for identifying the optimal range of habitats and stressor thresholds for different organisms. When physiological knowledge is incorporated into ecological models, it can improve predictions of organism responses to environmental change and provide tools to support management decisions. Without such knowledge, we may be left with simple associations. 'Conservation physiology' has been defined previously with a focus on vertebrates, but here we redefine the concept universally, for application to the diversity of taxa from microbes to plants, to animals, and to natural resources. We also consider 'physiology' in the broadest possible terms; i.e. how an organism functions, and any associated mechanisms, from development to bioenergetics, to environmental interactions, through to fitness. Moreover, we consider conservation physiology to include a wide range of applications beyond assisting imperiled populations, and include, for example, the eradication of invasive species, refinement of resource management strategies to minimize impacts, and evaluation of restoration plans. This concept of conservation physiology emphasizes the basis, importance, and ecological relevance of physiological diversity at a variety of scales. Real advances in conservation and resource management require integration and inter-disciplinarity. Conservation physiology and its suite of tools and concepts is a key part of the evidence base needed to address pressing environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Craig E. Franklin
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Anthony P. Farrell
- Department of Zoology and Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - John Beardall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Martin Wikelski
- Max Plank Institute of Ornithology, D-78315 Radolfzell, Germany
| | - Steven L. Chown
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
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214
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van Dooremalen C, Berg MP, Ellers J. Acclimation responses to temperature vary with vertical stratification: implications for vulnerability of soil-dwelling species to extreme temperature events. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2013; 19:975-984. [PMID: 23504852 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of summer heat waves is predicted to increase in amplitude and frequency in the near future, but the consequences of such extreme events are largely unknown, especially for belowground organisms. Soil organisms usually exhibit strong vertical stratification, resulting in more frequent exposure to extreme temperatures for surface-dwelling species than for soil-dwelling species. Therefore soil-dwelling species are expected to have poor acclimation responses to cope with temperature changes. We used five species of surface-dwelling and four species of soil-dwelling Collembola that habituate different depths in the soil. We tested for differences in tolerance to extreme temperatures after acclimation to warm and cold conditions. We also tested for differences in acclimation of the underlying physiology by looking at changes in membrane lipid composition. Chill coma recovery time, heat knockdown time and fatty acid profiles were determined after 1 week of acclimation to either 5 or 20 °C. Our results showed that surface-dwelling Collembola better maintained increased heat tolerance across acclimation temperatures, but no such response was found for cold tolerance. Concordantly, four of the five surface-dwelling Collembola showed up to fourfold changes in relative abundance of fatty acids after 1 week of acclimation, whereas none of the soil-dwelling species showed a significant adjustment in fatty acid composition. Strong physiological responses to temperature fluctuations may have become redundant in soil-dwelling species due to the relative thermal stability of their subterranean habitat. Based on the results of the four species studied, we expect that unless soil-dwelling species can temporarily retreat to avoid extreme temperatures, the predicted increase in heat waves under climatic change renders these soil-dwelling species more vulnerable to extinction than species with better physiological capabilities. Being able to act under a larger thermal range is probably costly and could reduce maximum performance at the optimal temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coby van Dooremalen
- Animal Ecology Group, Department of Ecological Science, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
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215
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Bechsgaard JS, Hoffmann AA, Sgró C, Loeschcke V, Bilde T, Kristensen TN. A comparison of inbreeding depression in tropical and widespread Drosophila species. PLoS One 2013; 8:e51176. [PMID: 23460779 PMCID: PMC3584098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary history of widespread and specialized species is likely to cause a different genetic architecture of key ecological traits in the two species groups. This may affect how these two groups respond to inbreeding. Here we investigate inbreeding effects in traits related to performance in 5 widespread and 5 tropical restricted species of Drosophila with the aim of testing whether the two species groups suffered differently from inbreeding depression. The traits investigated were egg-to-adult viability, developmental time and resistance to heat, cold and desiccation. Our results showed that levels of inbreeding depression were species and trait specific and did not differ between the species groups for stress resistance traits. However, for the life history traits developmental time and egg-to adult viability, more inbreeding depression was observed in the tropical species. The results reported suggest that for life history traits tropical species of Drosophila will suffer more from inbreeding depression than widespread species in case of increases in the rate of inbreeding e.g. due to declines in population sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ary A. Hoffmann
- Department of Genetics and Bio21 Institute, Melbourne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carla Sgró
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Trine Bilde
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torsten N. Kristensen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
- NordGen - Nordic Genetic Resource Center, Ås, Norway
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216
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Franke K, Fischer K. Effects of inbreeding and temperature stress on life history and immune function in a butterfly. J Evol Biol 2013; 26:517-28. [PMID: 23286274 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Franke
- Zoological Institute and Museum; University of Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - K. Fischer
- Zoological Institute and Museum; University of Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
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217
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Findsen A, Andersen JL, Calderon S, Overgaard J. Rapid cold hardening improves recovery of ion homeostasis and chill coma recovery in the migratory locust Locusta migratoria. J Exp Biol 2013; 216:1630-7. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.081141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Summary
Chill tolerance of insects is defined as the ability of insects to tolerate low temperature under circumstances not involving freezing of intra- or extracellular fluids. For many insects chill tolerance is crucial for their ability to persist in cold environments and mounting evidence indicate that chill tolerance is associated with the ability to maintain ion- and water-homeostasis, thereby ensuring muscular function and preventing chill injury at low temperature. The present study describes the relationship between muscle and hemolymph ion-homeostasis and time to regain posture following cold shock (CS, 2h at -4°C) in the chill susceptible locust, Locusta migratoria. This relationship is examined in animals with and without a prior rapid cold hardening treatment (RCH, 2h at 0°C) to investigate the physiological underpinnings of RCH. Cold shock elicited a doubling of hemolymph [K+] and this disturbance was greater in locusts pre-exposed to RCH. Recovery of ion homeostasis was, however, markedly faster in RCH treated animals which correlated well with whole organism performance as hardened individuals regained posture more than 2 minutes faster than non-hardened individuals following CS. The present study indicates that loss and recovery of muscular function is associated with resting membrane potential of excitable membranes as attested from the changes in the equilibrium potential for K+ (EK) following CS. Both hardened and non-hardened animals recovered movement once K+ homeostasis was recovered to a fixed level (EK≈ -41 mV). RCH is therefore not associated with altered sensitivity to ion disturbance but instead a faster recovery of hemolymph [K+].
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Findsen
- Zoophysiology, Department of Biosciences, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | | | - Sofia Calderon
- Zoophysiology, Department of Biosciences, Aarhus University, Denmark
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218
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Bubliy OA, Kristensen TN, Loeschcke V. Stress-induced plastic responses in Drosophila simulans following exposure to combinations of temperature and humidity levels. J Exp Biol 2013; 216:4601-7. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.092502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Plastic responses to heat and desiccation stress in insects have been studied in many laboratory experiments on Drosophila. However, in these studies the possible interaction between the corresponding stress factors in natural environments has not been taken into consideration. We investigated changes in heat and desiccation resistance of adult Drosophila simulans after short-term exposures to different temperatures (35ºC, 31ºC, 18ºC) in combination with high and low relative humidity (RH, ca. 90% and 20%, respectively). Hardening under extreme conditions (35ºC or 31ºC and low RH) commonly resulted in higher resistance to heat and desiccation as compared to other less stressful combinations of temperature and humidity levels. The concentration of the heat-shock protein Hsp70 in the experimental flies increased following almost all applied treatments. Life span of the hardened flies under non-stressful conditions was reduced irrespective of the stress dose indicating a fitness cost for the plastic responses. The results of the study show that hardening using combined heat-desiccation stress can be very efficient with regard to induction of plastic responses improving tolerance to both types of stress. This may favour adaptation to hot and dry climatic conditions, though the negative effects on fitness are likely to constrain evolution of such plastic responses.
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219
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Cooke SJ, Sack L, Franklin CE, Farrell AP, Beardall J, Wikelski M, Chown SL. What is conservation physiology? Perspectives on an increasingly integrated and essential science(†). CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 1:cot001. [PMID: 27293585 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cot1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Globally, ecosystems and their constituent flora and fauna face the localized and broad-scale influence of human activities. Conservation practitioners and environmental managers struggle to identify and mitigate threats, reverse species declines, restore degraded ecosystems, and manage natural resources sustainably. Scientific research and evidence are increasingly regarded as the foundation for new regulations, conservation actions, and management interventions. Conservation biologists and managers have traditionally focused on the characteristics (e.g. abundance, structure, trends) of populations, species, communities, and ecosystems, and simple indicators of the responses to environmental perturbations and other human activities. However, an understanding of the specific mechanisms underlying conservation problems is becoming increasingly important for decision-making, in part because physiological tools and knowledge are especially useful for developing cause-and-effect relationships, and for identifying the optimal range of habitats and stressor thresholds for different organisms. When physiological knowledge is incorporated into ecological models, it can improve predictions of organism responses to environmental change and provide tools to support management decisions. Without such knowledge, we may be left with simple associations. 'Conservation physiology' has been defined previously with a focus on vertebrates, but here we redefine the concept universally, for application to the diversity of taxa from microbes to plants, to animals, and to natural resources. We also consider 'physiology' in the broadest possible terms; i.e. how an organism functions, and any associated mechanisms, from development to bioenergetics, to environmental interactions, through to fitness. Moreover, we consider conservation physiology to include a wide range of applications beyond assisting imperiled populations, and include, for example, the eradication of invasive species, refinement of resource management strategies to minimize impacts, and evaluation of restoration plans. This concept of conservation physiology emphasizes the basis, importance, and ecological relevance of physiological diversity at a variety of scales. Real advances in conservation and resource management require integration and inter-disciplinarity. Conservation physiology and its suite of tools and concepts is a key part of the evidence base needed to address pressing environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Craig E Franklin
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Anthony P Farrell
- Department of Zoology and Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - John Beardall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Martin Wikelski
- Max Plank Institute of Ornithology, D-78315 Radolfzell, Germany
| | - Steven L Chown
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
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220
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Heat and starvation induced hormesis in longevity of Oomyzus sokolowskii (Kurdjumov) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) adult females. J Therm Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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221
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Chidawanyika F, Mudavanhu P, Nyamukondiwa C. Biologically Based Methods for Pest Management in Agriculture under Changing Climates: Challenges and Future Directions. INSECTS 2012; 3:1171-89. [PMID: 26466733 PMCID: PMC4553570 DOI: 10.3390/insects3041171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The current changes in global climatic regimes present a significant societal challenge, affecting in all likelihood insect physiology, biochemistry, biogeography and population dynamics. With the increasing resistance of many insect pest species to chemical insecticides and an increasing organic food market, pest control strategies are slowly shifting towards more sustainable, ecologically sound and economically viable options. Biologically based pest management strategies present such opportunities through predation or parasitism of pests and plant direct or indirect defense mechanisms that can all be important components of sustainable integrated pest management programs. Inevitably, the efficacy of biological control systems is highly dependent on natural enemy-prey interactions, which will likely be modified by changing climates. Therefore, knowledge of how insect pests and their natural enemies respond to climate variation is of fundamental importance in understanding biological insect pest management under global climate change. Here, we discuss biological control, its challenges under climate change scenarios and how increased global temperatures will require adaptive management strategies to cope with changing status of insects and their natural enemies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Chidawanyika
- Global Change and Sustainability Research Institute, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Pride Mudavanhu
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | - Casper Nyamukondiwa
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST). Private Bag BO 041 Bontleng, Gaborone, Botswana.
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222
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Sinclair BJ, Williams CM, Terblanche JS. Variation in Thermal Performance among Insect Populations. Physiol Biochem Zool 2012; 85:594-606. [DOI: 10.1086/665388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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223
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Ma G, Ma CS. Climate warming may increase aphids' dropping probabilities in response to high temperatures. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 58:1456-1462. [PMID: 22940260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Dropping off is considered an anti-predator behavior for aphids since previous studies have shown that it reduces the risk of predation. However, little attention is paid to dropping behavior triggered by other external stresses such as daytime high temperatures which are predicted to become more frequent in the context of climate warming. Here we defined a new parameter, drop-off temperature (DOT), to describe the critical temperature at which an aphid drops off its host plant when the ambient temperature increases gradually and slowly. Detailed studies were conducted to reveal effects of short-term acclimation (temperature, exposure time at high-temperature and starvation) on DOT of an aphid species, Sitobion avenae. Our objectives were to test if the aphids dropped off host plant to avoid high temperatures and how short-term acclimation affected the aphids' dropping behavior in response to heat stress. We suggest that dropping is a behavioral thermoregulation to avoid heat stress, since aphids started to move before they dropped off and the dropped aphids were still able to control their muscles prior to knockdown. The adults starved for 12 h had higher DOT values than those that were unstarved or starved for 6 h, and there was a trade-off between behavioral thermoregulation and energy acquisition. Higher temperatures and longer exposure times at high temperatures significantly lowered the aphids' DOT, suggested that the aphids avoid heat stress by dropping when exposed to high temperatures. Climate warming may therefore increase the aphids' dropping probabilities and consequently affect the aphids' individual development and population growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Ma
- Climate Change Biology Research Group, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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224
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Sánchez-Fernández D, Aragón P, Bilton DT, Lobo JM. Assessing the congruence of thermal niche estimations derived from distribution and physiological data. A test using diving beetles. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48163. [PMID: 23133560 PMCID: PMC3485027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A basic aim of ecology is to understand the determinants of organismal distribution, the niche concept and species distribution models providing key frameworks to approach the problem. As temperature is one of the most important factors affecting species distribution, the estimation of thermal limits is crucially important for inferring range constraints. It is expectable that thermal physiology data derived from laboratory experiments and species' occurrences may express different aspects of the species' niche. However, there is no study systematically testing this prediction in a given taxonomic group while controlling by potential phylogenetic inertia. We estimate the thermal niches of twelve Palaearctic diving beetles species using physiological data derived from experimental analyses in order to examine the extent to which these coincided with those estimated from distribution models based on observed occurrences. We found that thermal niche estimates derived from both approaches lack general congruence, and these results were similar before and after controlling by phylogeny. The congruence between potential distributions obtained from the two different procedures was also explored, and we found again that the percentage of agreement were not very high (~60%). We confirm that both thermal niche estimates derived from geographical and physiological data are likely to misrepresent the true range of climatic variation that these diving beetles are able to tolerate, and so these procedures could be considered as incomplete but complementary estimations of an inaccessible reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sánchez-Fernández
- Departamento de Departamento de Biogeografía y Cambio Global, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
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225
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Foray V, Desouhant E, Voituron Y, Larvor V, Renault D, Colinet H, Gibert P. Does cold tolerance plasticity correlate with the thermal environment and metabolic profiles of a parasitoid wasp? Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2012; 164:77-83. [PMID: 23089655 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Tolerance of ectotherm species to cold stress is highly plastic according to thermal conditions experienced prior to cold stress. In this study, we investigated how cold tolerance varies with developmental temperature (at 17, 25 and 30°C) and whether developmental temperature induces different metabolic profiles. Experiments were conducted on the two populations of the parasitoid wasp, Venturia canescens, undergoing contrasting thermal regimes in their respective preferential habitat (thermally variable vs. buffered). We predicted the following: i) development at low temperatures improves the cold tolerance of parasitoid wasps, ii) the shape of the cold tolerance reaction norm differs between the two populations, and iii) these phenotypic variations are correlated with their metabolic profiles. Our results showed that habitat origin and developmental acclimation interact to determine cold tolerance and metabolic profiles of the parasitoid wasps. Cold tolerance was promoted when developmental temperatures declined and population originating from variable habitat presented a higher cold tolerance. Cold tolerance increases through the accumulation of metabolites with an assumed cryoprotective function and the depression of metabolites involved in energy metabolism. Our data provide an original example of how intraspecific cold acclimation variations correlate with metabolic response to developmental temperature.
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226
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Chown SL. Trait-based approaches to conservation physiology: forecasting environmental change risks from the bottom up. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2012; 367:1615-27. [PMID: 22566671 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Trait-based approaches have long been a feature of physiology and of ecology. While the latter fields drifted apart in the twentieth century, they are converging owing at least partly to growing similarities in their trait-based approaches, which have much to offer conservation biology. The convergence of spatially explicit approaches to understanding trait variation and its ecological implications, such as encapsulated in community assembly and macrophysiology, provides a significant illustration of the similarity of these areas. Both adopt trait-based informatics approaches which are not only providing fundamental biological insights, but are also delivering new information on how environmental change is affecting diversity and how such change may perhaps be mitigated. Such trait-based conservation physiology is illustrated here for each of the major environmental change drivers, specifically: the consequences of overexploitation for body size and physiological variation; the impacts of vegetation change on thermal safety margins; the consequences of changing net primary productivity and human use thereof for physiological variation and ecosystem functioning; the impacts of rising temperatures on water loss in ectotherms; how hemisphere-related variation in traits may affect responses to changing rainfall regimes and pollution; and how trait-based approaches may enable interactions between climate change and biological invasions to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Chown
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
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227
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Huey RB, Kearney MR, Krockenberger A, Holtum JAM, Jess M, Williams SE. Predicting organismal vulnerability to climate warming: roles of behaviour, physiology and adaptation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2012; 367:1665-79. [PMID: 22566674 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 798] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A recently developed integrative framework proposes that the vulnerability of a species to environmental change depends on the species' exposure and sensitivity to environmental change, its resilience to perturbations and its potential to adapt to change. These vulnerability criteria require behavioural, physiological and genetic data. With this information in hand, biologists can predict organisms most at risk from environmental change. Biologists and managers can then target organisms and habitats most at risk. Unfortunately, the required data (e.g. optimal physiological temperatures) are rarely available. Here, we evaluate the reliability of potential proxies (e.g. critical temperatures) that are often available for some groups. Several proxies for ectotherms are promising, but analogous ones for endotherms are lacking. We also develop a simple graphical model of how behavioural thermoregulation, acclimation and adaptation may interact to influence vulnerability over time. After considering this model together with the proxies available for physiological sensitivity to climate change, we conclude that ectotherms sharing vulnerability traits seem concentrated in lowland tropical forests. Their vulnerability may be exacerbated by negative biotic interactions. Whether tropical forest (or other) species can adapt to warming environments is unclear, as genetic and selective data are scant. Nevertheless, the prospects for tropical forest ectotherms appear grim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond B Huey
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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228
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Boher F, Trefault N, Piulachs MD, Bellés X, Godoy-Herrera R, Bozinovic F. Biogeographic origin and thermal acclimation interact to determine survival and hsp90 expression in Drosophila species submitted to thermal stress. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2012; 162:391-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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229
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Hoffmann AA, Chown SL, Clusella-Trullas S. Upper thermal limits in terrestrial ectotherms: how constrained are they? Funct Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2012.02036.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 447] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ary A. Hoffmann
- Departments of Zoology and Genetics; Bio21 Institute; The University of Melbourne; 30 Flemington Road; Parkville; Victoria; 3052; Australia
| | | | - Susana Clusella-Trullas
- Department of Botany and Zoology; Centre for Invasion Biology; Stellenbosch University; Private Bag X1; Matieland; 7602; South Africa
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230
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Lyons CL, Coetzee M, Terblanche JS, Chown SL. Thermal limits of wild and laboratory strains of two African malaria vector species, Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus. Malar J 2012; 11:226. [PMID: 22770378 PMCID: PMC3507762 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-11-226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria affects large parts of the developing world and is responsible for almost 800,000 deaths annually. As climates change, concerns have arisen as to how this vector-borne disease will be impacted by changing rainfall patterns and warming temperatures. Despite the importance and controversy surrounding the impact of climate change on the potential spread of this disease, little information exists on the tolerances of several of the vector species themselves. Methods Using a ramping protocol (to assess critical thermal limits - CT) and plunge protocol (to assess lethal temperature limits - LT) information on the thermal tolerance of two of Africa’s important malaria vectors, Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus was collected. The effects of age, thermal acclimation treatment, sex and strain (laboratory versus wild adults) were investigated for CT determinations for each species. The effects of age and sex for adults and life stage (larvae, pupae, adults) were investigated for LT determinations. Results In both species, females are more tolerant to low and high temperatures than males; larvae and pupae have higher upper lethal limits than do adults. Thermal acclimation of adults has large effects in some instances but small effects in others. Younger adults tend to be more tolerant of low or high temperatures than older age groups. Long-standing laboratory colonies are sufficiently similar in thermal tolerance to field-collected animals to provide reasonable surrogates when making inferences about wild population responses. Differences between these two vectors in their thermal tolerances, especially in larvae and pupae, are plausibly a consequence of different habitat utilization. Conclusions Limited plasticity is characteristic of the adults of these vector species relative to others examined to date, suggesting limited scope for within-generation change in thermal tolerance. These findings and the greater tolerance of females to thermal extremes may have significant implications for future malaria transmission, especially in areas of current seasonal transmission and in areas on the boundaries of current vector distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice L Lyons
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
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231
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Abstract
Evolutionary history and physiology mediate species responses to climate change. Tropical species that do not naturally experience high temperature variability have a narrow thermal tolerance compared to similar taxa at temperate latitudes and could therefore be most vulnerable to warming. However, the thermal adaptation of a species may also be influenced by spatial temperature variations over its geographical range. Spatial climate gradients, especially from topography, may also broaden thermal tolerance and therefore act to buffer warming impacts. Here we show that for low-seasonality environments, high spatial heterogeneity in temperature correlates significantly with greater warming tolerance in insects globally. Based on this relationship, we find that climate change projections of direct physiological impacts on insect fitness highlight the vulnerability of tropical lowland areas to future warming. Thus, in addition to seasonality, spatial heterogeneity may play a critical role in thermal adaptation and climate change impacts particularly in the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Bonebrake
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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232
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Porlier M, Charmantier A, Bourgault P, Perret P, Blondel J, Garant D. Variation in phenotypic plasticity and selection patterns in blue tit breeding time: between- and within-population comparisons. J Anim Ecol 2012; 81:1041-51. [PMID: 22568778 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.01996.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
1. Phenotypic plasticity, the response of individual phenotypes to their environment, can allow organisms to cope with spatio-temporal variation in environmental conditions. Recent studies have shown that variation exists among individuals in their capacity to adjust their traits to environmental changes and that this individual plasticity can be under strong selection. Yet, little is known on the extent and ultimate causes of variation between populations and individuals in plasticity patterns. 2. In passerines, timing of breeding is a key life-history trait strongly related to fitness and is known to vary with the environment, but few studies have investigated the within-species variation in individual plasticity. 3. Here, we studied between- and within-population variation in breeding time, phenotypic plasticity and selection patterns for this trait in four Mediterranean populations of blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) breeding in habitats varying in structure and quality. 4. Although there was no significant warming over the course of the study, we found evidence for earlier onset of breeding in warmer years in all populations, with reduced plasticity in the less predictable environment. In two of four populations, there was significant inter-individual variation in plasticity for laying date. Interestingly, selection for earlier laying date was significant only in populations where there was no inter-individual differences in plasticity. 5. Our results show that generalization of plasticity patterns among populations of the same species might be challenging even at a small spatial scale and that the amount of within-individual variation in phenotypic plasticity may be linked to selective pressures acting on these phenotypic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Porlier
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada.
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233
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Gunderson AR, Leal M. Geographic variation in vulnerability to climate warming in a tropical Caribbean lizard. Funct Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2012.01987.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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234
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Allen JL, Clusella-Trullas S, Chown SL. The effects of acclimation and rates of temperature change on critical thermal limits in Tenebrio molitor (Tenebrionidae) and Cyrtobagous salviniae (Curculionidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 58:669-678. [PMID: 22342317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2012.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2011] [Revised: 01/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Critical thermal limits provide an indication of the range of temperatures across which organisms may survive, and the extent of the lability of these limits offers insights into the likely impacts of changing thermal environments on such survival. However, investigations of these limits may be affected by the circumstances under which trials are undertaken. Only a few studies have examined these effects, and typically not for beetles. This group has also not been considered in the context of the time courses of acclimation and its reversal, both of which are important for estimating the responses of species to transient temperature changes. Here we therefore examine the effects of rate of temperature change on critical thermal maxima (CT(max)) and minima (CT(min)), as well as the time course of the acclimation response and its reversal in two beetle species, Tenebrio molitor and Cyrtobagous salviniae. Increasing rates of temperature change had opposite effects on T. molitor and C. salviniae. In T. molitor, faster rates of change reduced both CT(max) (c. 2°C) and CT(min) (c. 3°C), while in C. salviniae faster rates of change increased both CT(max) (c. 6°C) and CT(min) (c. 4°C). CT(max) in T. molitor showed little response to acclimation, while the response to acclimation of CT(min) was most pronounced following exposure to 35°C (from 25°C) and was complete within 24 h. The time course of acclimation of CT(max) in C. salviniae was 2 days when exposed to 36°C (from c. 26°C), while that of CT(min) was less than 3 days when exposed to 18°C. In T. molitor, the time course of reacclimation to 25°C after treatments at 15°C and 35°C at 75% RH was longer than the time course of acclimation, and varied from 3-6 days for CT(max) and 6 days for CT(min). In C. salviniae, little change in CT(max) and CT(min) (<0.5°C) took place in all treatments suggesting that reacclimation may only occur after the 7 day period used in this study. These results indicate that both T. molitor and C. salviniae may be restricted in their ability to respond to transient temperature changes at short-time scales, and instead may have to rely on behavioral adjustments to avoid deleterious effects at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Allen
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
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235
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KETOLA T, KELLERMANN V, KRISTENSEN TN, LOESCHCKE V. Constant, cycling, hot and cold thermal environments: strong effects on mean viability but not on genetic estimates. J Evol Biol 2012; 25:1209-15. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02513.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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236
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Richard J, Morley SA, Thorne MAS, Peck LS. Estimating long-term survival temperatures at the assemblage level in the marine environment: towards macrophysiology. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34655. [PMID: 22509340 PMCID: PMC3324497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Defining ecologically relevant upper temperature limits of species is important in the context of environmental change. The approach used in the present paper estimates the relationship between rates of temperature change and upper temperature limits for survival in order to evaluate the maximum long-term survival temperature (Ts). This new approach integrates both the exposure time and the exposure temperature in the evaluation of temperature limits. Using data previously published for different temperate and Antarctic marine environments, we calculated Ts in each environment, which allowed us to calculate a new index: the Warming Allowance (WA). This index is defined as the maximum environmental temperature increase which an ectotherm in a given environment can tolerate, possibly with a decrease in performance but without endangering survival over seasonal or lifetime time-scales. It is calculated as the difference between maximum long-term survival temperature (Ts) and mean maximum habitat temperature. It provides a measure of how close a species, assemblage or fauna are living to their temperature limits for long-term survival and hence their vulnerability to environmental warming. In contrast to data for terrestrial environments showing that warming tolerance increases with latitude, results here for marine environments show a less clear pattern as the smallest WA value was for the Peru upwelling system. The method applied here, relating upper temperature limits to rate of experimental warming, has potential for wide application in the identification of faunas with little capacity to survive environmental warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Richard
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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237
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Kubička L, Starostová Z, Kratochvíl L. Temperature-dependent rate of clutch production in a tropical lizard (Paroedura picta: Gekkonidae): Intraspecific test of the metabolic theory of ecology. J Therm Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2011.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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238
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Colinet H, Larvor V, Laparie M, Renault D. Exploring the plastic response to cold acclimation through metabolomics. Funct Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2012.01985.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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239
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Ibáñez I, Gornish ES, Buckley L, Debinski DM, Hellmann J, Helmuth B, HilleRisLambers J, Latimer AM, Miller-Rushing AJ, Uriarte M. Moving forward in global-change ecology: capitalizing on natural variability. Ecol Evol 2012; 3:170-81. [PMID: 23404535 PMCID: PMC3568852 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural resources managers are being asked to follow practices that accommodate for the impact of climate change on the ecosystems they manage, while global-ecosystems modelers aim to forecast future responses under different climate scenarios. However, the lack of scientific knowledge about short-term ecosystem responses to climate change has made it difficult to define set conservation practices or to realistically inform ecosystem models. Until recently, the main goal for ecologists was to study the composition and structure of communities and their implications for ecosystem function, but due to the probable magnitude and irreversibility of climate-change effects (species extinctions and loss of ecosystem function), a shorter term focus on responses of ecosystems to climate change is needed. We highlight several underutilized approaches for studying the ecological consequences of climate change that capitalize on the natural variability of the climate system at different temporal and spatial scales. For example, studying organismal responses to extreme climatic events can inform about the resilience of populations to global warming and contribute to the assessment of local extinctions. Translocation experiments and gene expression are particular useful to quantitate a species' acclimation potential to global warming. And studies along environmental gradients can guide habitat restoration and protection programs by identifying vulnerable species and sites. These approaches identify the processes and mechanisms underlying species acclimation to changing conditions, combine different analytical approaches, and can be used to improve forecasts of the short-term impacts of climate change and thus inform conservation practices and ecosystem models in a meaningful way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Ibáñez
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of MichiganAnn Arbor, Michigan
| | - Elise S Gornish
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State UniversityTallahassee, Florida
| | - Lauren Buckley
- Biology Department, University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Diane M Debinski
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State UniversityAmes, Iowa
| | - Jessica Hellmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre DameNotre Dame, Indiana
| | - Brian Helmuth
- Environment and Sustainability Program and Department of Biological Sciences, University of South CarolinaColumbia, South Carolina
| | | | - Andrew M Latimer
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, DavisDavis, California
| | - Abraham J Miller-Rushing
- National Park Service, Schoodic Education and Research Center and Acadia National ParkBar Harbor, Maine
| | - Maria Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia UniversityNew York, New York
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240
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241
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Boardman L, Sørensen JG, Johnson SA, Terblanche JS. Interactions between Controlled Atmospheres and Low Temperature Tolerance: A Review of Biochemical Mechanisms. Front Physiol 2011; 2:92. [PMID: 22144965 PMCID: PMC3228967 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2011.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlled atmosphere treatments using carbon dioxide, oxygen, and/or nitrogen, together with controlled temperature and humidity, form an important method for post-harvest sterilization against insect-infested fruit. However, in insects, the cross tolerance and biochemical interactions between the various stresses of modified gas conditions and low temperature may either elicit or block standard stress responses which can potentiate (or limit) lethal low temperature exposure. Thus, the success of such treatments is sometimes erratic and does not always result in the desired pest mortality. This review focuses on the biochemical modes of action whereby controlled atmospheres affect insects low temperature tolerance, making them more (or occasionally, less) susceptible to cold sterilization. Insights into the integrated biochemical modes of action may be used together with the pests' low temperature tolerance physiology to determine which treatments may be of value in post-harvest sterilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Boardman
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch, South Africa
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242
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Soudi S, Moharramipour S. Cold tolerance and supercooling capacity in overwintering adults of elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2011; 40:1546-1553. [PMID: 22217772 DOI: 10.1603/en10267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Elm leaf beetle, Xanthogaleruca luteola (Muller) is one of the key pests of elm trees all over the world, and survives winter in reproductive diapause in sheltered locations. Seasonal variation of whole body supercooling points (SCPs), LT50 (temperature at which 50% of the test individuals die) and survival rate after exposure to subzero temperatures were determined in field collected adults during October 2008 to May 2009 and October 2009 to May 2010. The SCP of adults decreased significantly from October (median=-13.8°C) to January (median=-20.7°C) in first year, relatively similar results was observed in the second year. The lowest LT50 was observed in overwintering adults collected in January (-16.81°C) in the first year and December (-15.59°C) in the second year. Mortality at -15°C for 24 h was >70% in early autumn in both years whereas it decreased to lower than 45% in early winter, the highest mortality (100%) was observed in adults collected in May in both years. Cold acclimated adults (30 d, 5°C) in November 2008 exhibited significantly higher SCP (-12.21±0.64°C) than nonacclimated adults (-15.57±1.35°C). A 30-d exposure to 5°C caused >20% mortality in November, while <9% mortality was observed in adults collected in December and January 2008. Overwintering adults died upon freezing and the lower lethal temperatures were within the range of SCP, indicating that X. luteola is a freeze intolerant insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sh Soudi
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran
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243
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Weldon CW, Terblanche JS, Chown SL. Time-course for attainment and reversal of acclimation to constant temperature in two Ceratitis species. J Therm Biol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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244
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Terblanche JS, Hoffmann AA, Mitchell KA, Rako L, le Roux PC, Chown SL. Ecologically relevant measures of tolerance to potentially lethal temperatures. J Exp Biol 2011; 214:3713-25. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.061283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Summary
The acute thermal tolerance of ectotherms has been measured in a variety of ways; these include assays where organisms are shifted abruptly to stressful temperatures and assays where organisms experience temperatures that are ramped more slowly to stressful levels. Ramping assays are thought to be more relevant to natural conditions where sudden abrupt shifts are unlikely to occur often, but it has been argued that thermal limits established under ramping conditions are underestimates of true thermal limits because stresses due to starvation and/or desiccation can arise under ramping. These confounding effects might also impact the variance and heritability of thermal tolerance. We argue here that ramping assays are useful in capturing aspects of ecological relevance even though there is potential for confounding effects of other stresses that can also influence thermal limits in nature. Moreover, we show that the levels of desiccation and starvation experienced by ectotherms in ramping assays will often be minor unless the assays involve small animals and last for many hours. Empirical data illustrate that the combined effects of food and humidity on thermal limits under ramping and sudden shifts to stressful conditions are unpredictable; in Drosophila melanogaster the presence of food decreased rather than increased thermal limits, whereas in Ceratitis capitata they had little impact. The literature provides examples where thermal limits are increased under ramping presumably because of the potential for physiological changes leading to acclimation. It is unclear whether heritabilities and population differentiation will necessarily be lower under ramping because of confounding effects. Although it is important to clearly define experimental methods, particularly when undertaking comparative assessments, and to understand potential confounding effects, thermotolerance assays based on ramping remain an important tool for understanding and predicting species responses to environmental change. An important area for further development is to identify the impact of rates of temperature change under field and laboratory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S. Terblanche
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Ary A. Hoffmann
- The University of Melbourne, Bio21 Institute, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Katherine A. Mitchell
- The University of Melbourne, Bio21 Institute, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Lea Rako
- The University of Melbourne, Bio21 Institute, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Peter C. le Roux
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Steven L. Chown
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
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245
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Bozinovic F, Bastías DA, Boher F, Clavijo-Baquet S, Estay SA, Angilletta MJ. The Mean and Variance of Environmental Temperature Interact to Determine Physiological Tolerance and Fitness. Physiol Biochem Zool 2011; 84:543-52. [DOI: 10.1086/662551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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246
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Dierks A, Hoffmann B, Bauerfeind SS, Fischer K. Effects of inbreeding on life history and thermal performance in the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana. POPUL ECOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10144-011-0291-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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247
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Kleynhans E, Terblanche JS. Complex Interactions between Temperature and Relative Humidity on Water Balance of Adult Tsetse (Glossinidae, Diptera): Implications for Climate Change. Front Physiol 2011; 2:74. [PMID: 22046163 PMCID: PMC3200560 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2011.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect water balance plays an important role in determining energy budgets, activity patterns, survival, and population dynamics and, hence, geographic distribution. Tsetse (Glossina spp.) are important vectors of human and animal disease occupying a wide range of habitats in Africa and are notable for their desiccation resistance in xeric environments. Here, we measure water balance and related traits [water loss rate (WLR), body water content (BWC), body lipid content (BLC) and body mass] in adult flies across a range of temperature (20–30°C) and relative humidity (0–99%) combinations in four tsetse species from both xeric and mesic habitats. WLRs were significantly affected by measurement under different temperature and relative humidity combinations, while BWC, BLC, and body mass were less affected. These results provide support for mass-independent inter- and intra-specific variation in WLRs and survival times. Furthermore, water balance responses to variation in temperature and relative humidity are complex in Glossina, and this response varies within and among species, subgroups, and ecotypes in terms of both magnitude of effects and the direction of change. Different effects of temperature and relative humidity within and among experimental conditions and species suggests cuticular permeability and saturation deficit are likely to be key factors in forecasting tsetse water balance responses to climate variability. This complicates potential forecasting of tsetse distribution in the face of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsje Kleynhans
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch, Republic of South Africa
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248
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Thermal tolerance of Frankliniella occidentalis: Effects of temperature, exposure time, and gender. J Therm Biol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2011.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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249
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Piersanti S, Rebora M, Almaas TJ, Salerno G, Gaino E. Electrophysiological identification of thermo- and hygro-sensitive receptor neurons on the antennae of the dragonfly Libellula depressa. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 57:1391-1398. [PMID: 21801729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Recent ultrastructural investigations on Odonata antennal flagellum describe two types of sensilla styloconica, T1 and T2. The styloconic sensilla are located in pits, at the bottom of deep cavities, and share common features typical of thermo-hygroreceptors. In order to ascertain if the Odonata antennae are involved in hygroreception and thermoreception, we carried out electrophysiological recordings (single cell recordings, SCR) from adult males and females of Libellula depressa L., 1758. After contact was established, the antenna was stimulated by rapid changes in temperature and humidity. The present research shows the occurrence of a dry (DC), a moist (MC) and a cold (CC) receptor neurons on the antennal flagellum of L. depressa. These data demonstrate for the first time the presence of functional thermo-hygroreceptors on the antennal flagellum of dragonflies. The present results extend our knowledge of the not visual sensory modalities of Odonata, a field of research unexplored so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Piersanti
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Via Elce di Sotto 1, Perugia, Italy.
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250
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Geber MA. Ecological and Evolutionary Limits to Species Geographic Ranges. Am Nat 2011; 178 Suppl 1:S1-5. [DOI: 10.1086/661899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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