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Abstract
Achieving special features in polymer composites, such as flame retardancy and thermal and electrical conductivity, often requires the application of different additives, which might negatively affect other properties of the polymer matrix and the composite structure. Furthermore, the application of solid additives in composites produced by liquid transfer moulding can lead to the filtration of the additive by the reinforcement, which causes a non-uniform particle distribution and an uneven performance. An evident solution to address these issues is to apply the additives in a separate layer on the surface of the composite. As in many applications, gelcoats are used to reach appropriate surface quality, a reasonable progression in the composite industry is the development of multifunctional gelcoats. In this article, after a short introduction to gelcoats and their main base materials (unsaturated polyester, epoxy, and others) multifunctional gelcoats are discussed according to their functionality, in particular water resistance, electric conductivity and flame retardancy. Classical and novel gelcoat preparation methods (application by brush and/or roller, spraying, UV-curing, in-mould gelcoating), as well as common defects that occur during gelcoating are discussed. Finally, the testing methods of multifunctional gelcoats are outlined.
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202
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Liu H, Lin N, Yu Y, Li X, Chang G. Preparation and characterization of a novel transparent flame retardant unsaturated phosphate ester polymer. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, National Engineering Technology Center for Insulation Materials; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang, 621010 People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, National Engineering Technology Center for Insulation Materials; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang, 621010 People's Republic of China
| | - Yonglian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, National Engineering Technology Center for Insulation Materials; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang, 621010 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, National Engineering Technology Center for Insulation Materials; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang, 621010 People's Republic of China
| | - Guanjun Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, National Engineering Technology Center for Insulation Materials; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang, 621010 People's Republic of China
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203
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Wang S, Du X, Jiang Y, Xu J, Zhou M, Wang H, Cheng X, Du Z. Synergetic enhancement of mechanical and fire-resistance performance of waterborne polyurethane by introducing two kinds of phosphorus–nitrogen flame retardant. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 537:197-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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204
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Wang X, Wang Z, Li J. Effects of a semi‐bio‐based triazine derivative on intumescent flame‐retardant polypropylene. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinjun Wang
- School of Material Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo P. R. China
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Polymer MaterialsNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo P. R. China
| | - Zongbao Wang
- School of Material Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo P. R. China
| | - Juan Li
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Polymer MaterialsNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P. R. China
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205
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Li S, Zhao X, Liu X, Yang X, Yu R, Zhang Y, Huang W, Deng K. Cage-ladder-structure, phosphorus-containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquinoxanes as promising reactive-type flame retardants for epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Li
- Analytical Science and Technology Laboratory of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding 071002 China
- Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhao
- Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xinghua Liu
- Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xin Yang
- Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Ran Yu
- Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Wei Huang
- Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Kuilin Deng
- Analytical Science and Technology Laboratory of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding 071002 China
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206
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Effect of Graphene on Flame Retardancy of Graphite Doped Intumescent Flame Retardant (IFR) Coatings: Synergy or Antagonism. COATINGS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings9020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A comparative study between graphene and modified graphene oxide (mGO) on the flame retardancy of graphite doped intumescent flame retardant (IFR) coatings is preliminarily investigated by cone calorimeter (CC), XRD, and SEM, with the final aim of clarifying the interactions between different graphenes and graphite doped coatings (polyester resin-ammonium polyphosphate-urea-pentaerythritol). The CC results determine that graphene exerts an obviously antagonistic effect on flame resistance, evidenced by the increased peak heat release rate (p-HRR) of 56.9 kW·m−2 for SD8+graphene (sample coating contains graphite with a particle size of 8 μm and 0.5 wt.% graphene as dopant), which increased by 80.6% compared with SD8 (coating contains graphite with a particle size of 8 μm); substitution with graphene or mGO imparts an acceleration of fire growth, because graphene inertness improves the viscosity of melting system, evidenced by the cracked appearance and porous structure of SD8+graphene. However, the higher reactivity of mGO favors the combustion; the barrier effect inhibits the transfer of mass and heat simultaneously, leading to a slight influence on flame retarding efficiency.
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207
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Li M, Zhang H, Wu W, Li M, Xu Y, Chen G, Dai L. A Novel POSS-Based Copolymer Functionalized Graphene: An Effective Flame Retardant for Reducing the Flammability of Epoxy Resin. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11020241. [PMID: 30960225 PMCID: PMC6419056 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel copolymer, PbisDOPOMA-POSSMA-GMA (PDPG), containing methacryloisobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSSMA), reactive glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), and bis-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide methacrylate (bisDOPOMA) and derivative functionalized graphene oxide (GO) were synthesized by a one-step grafting reaction to create a hybrid flame retardant (GO-MD-MP). GO-MD-MP was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Flame-retardant epoxy resin (EP) composites were prepared by adding various amounts of GO-MD-MP to the thermal-curing epoxy resin of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA, trade name E-51). The thermal properties of the EP composites were remarkably enhanced by adding the GO-MD-MP, and the residue char of the epoxy resin also increased greatly. With the incorporation of 4 wt % GO-MD-MP, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value was enhanced to 31.1% and the UL-94 V-0 rating was easily achieved. In addition, the mechanical strength of the epoxy resin was also improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
| | - Wenqian Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
| | - Meng Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
| | - Yiting Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
| | - Guorong Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
| | - Lizong Dai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
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208
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Hobbs CE. Recent Advances in Bio-Based Flame Retardant Additives for Synthetic Polymeric Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E224. [PMID: 30960208 PMCID: PMC6419264 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It would be difficult to imagine how modern life across the globe would operate in the absence of synthetic polymers. Although these materials (mostly in the form of plastics) have revolutionized our daily lives, there are consequences to their use, one of these being their high levels of flammability. For this reason, research into the development of flame retardant (FR) additives for these materials is of tremendous importance. However, many of the FRs prepared are problematic due to their negative impacts on human health and the environment. Furthermore, their preparations are neither green nor sustainable since they require typical organic synthetic processes that rely on fossil fuels. Because of this, the need to develop more sustainable and non-toxic options is vital. Many research groups have turned their attention to preparing new bio-based FR additives for synthetic polymers. This review explores some of the recent examples made in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Hobbs
- Department of Chemistry, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77340, USA.
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209
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Szolnoki B, Toldy A, Marosi G. Effect of phosphorus flame retardants on the flammability of sugar-based bioepoxy resin. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2018.1539855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Szolnoki
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Toldy
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Marosi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
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210
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Stanfield MK, Stojcevski F, Hendlmeier A, Varley RJ, Carrascal J, Osorio AF, Eyckens DJ, Henderson LC. Phosphorus-Based α-Amino Acid Mimetic for Enhanced Flame-Retardant Properties in an Epoxy Resin. Aust J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/ch18527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the introduction of a phosphonate moiety into a commonly used curing agent, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM), via an α-aminophosphonate. This compound (DDMP) can be prepared and isolated in analytical purity in under 1h and in good yield (71%). Thermoset polymer (epoxy-derived) samples were prepared using a room-temperature standard cure (SC) and a post-cured (PC) protocol to encourage incorporation of the α-aminophosphonate into the polymer network, with improved flammability properties observed for the latter. Thermogravimetric analysis under a nitrogen atmosphere showed increased char yield at 600°C, and similar observations were made when analysis was conducted in air. Significant reductions in flammability are observed at very low phosphorus content (P%=0.16–0.49%), demonstrated by higher char yields (25.5 from 14.0% in air), decreased burn time from ignition (60 to 24s), and decreased mass loss after ignition (87.6 to 58.5%). Limiting Oxygen Index for the neat polymer (P%=0%, 20.3±0.8%) increased with increasing α-aminophosphonate additive (P%=0.16%, 20.8±0.6%; P%=0.32%, 21.4±0.4%; P%=0.49%, 22.6±0.8%).
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211
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Zhou J, Heng Z, Zhang H, Chen Y, Zou H, Liang M. High residue bio-based structural–functional integration epoxy and intrinsic flame retardant mechanism study. RSC Adv 2019; 9:41603-41615. [PMID: 35541599 PMCID: PMC9076489 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08098h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on structural–functional integration of polymers has become an inevitable trend and development orientation in modern materials science. An intrinsic flame-retardant epoxy with superior mechanical properties and reusability is of great application value as a composite matrix and structural material. We newly synthesized two bio-based epoxy resins, VSE and VDE, the Young's modulus of product cured by DDM (4,4-diaminodiphenyl methane) achieve 5013 MPa and 4869 MPa, respectively. The LOI values of VSE and VDE were 38.7% and 34.5% respectively and both meet UL-94 V-0 rating. High char residue at 800 °C (34.5% and 28.0%, respectively) means a superior thermal stability which conventional epoxies are unreachable. Besides, cured VDE have convenient processability which can be re-shape as heating up and retain complete structural performance after cooling to room temperature. Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis coupled with infrared spectroscopy (TGA-IR) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to assist scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to investigate the intrinsic flame-retardant mechanism. In this work, the effect and process of nitrogen–phosphorus synergy on flame retardant is revealed finally. These results indicate the newly prepared epoxy has excellent flame retardancy, mechanical properties and recyclability which opens new possibilities in practical applications of epoxy such as coatings, potting or composite matrix in the near future. Research on structural–functional integrated polymers has become an inevitable trend in modern materials science. An intrinsic flame-retardant epoxy with superior performance and reusability is of great application value in the near future.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhou
- The State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 6100652
- China
| | - Zhengguang Heng
- The State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 6100652
- China
| | - Haoruo Zhang
- The State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 6100652
- China
| | - Yang Chen
- The State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 6100652
- China
| | - Huawei Zou
- The State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 6100652
- China
| | - Mei Liang
- The State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 6100652
- China
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212
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Facile fabrication of biobased P N C-containing nano-layered hybrid: Preparation, growth mechanism and its efficient fire retardancy in epoxy. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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213
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Li Z, Liu C, Cao W, Yao Q. Reactive cyclic phosphonamide flame retardant for epoxy resins. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhun Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Polymer MaterialsNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanchuan Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Polymer MaterialsNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Weihong Cao
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Polymer MaterialsNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Yao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Polymer MaterialsNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
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214
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Realinho V, Arencón D, Antunes M, Velasco JI. Effects of a Phosphorus Flame Retardant System on the Mechanical and Fire Behavior of Microcellular ABS. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 11:polym11010030. [PMID: 30960014 PMCID: PMC6401830 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work deals with the study of phosphorus flame retardant microcellular acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) parts and the effects of weight reduction on the fire and mechanical performance. Phosphorus-based flame retardant additives (PFR), aluminum diethylphosphinate and ammonium polyphosphate, were used as a more environmentally friendly alternative to halogenated flame retardants. A 25 wt % of such PFR system was added to the polymer using a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. Subsequently, microcellular parts with 10, 15, and 20% of nominal weight reduction were prepared using a MuCell® injection-molding process. The results indicate that the presence of PFR particles increased the storage modulus and decreased the impact energy determined by means of dynamic-mechanical-thermal analysis and falling weight impact tests respectively. Nevertheless, the reduction of impact energy was found to be lower in ABS/PFR samples than in neat ABS with increasing weight reduction. This effect was attributed to the lower cell sizes and higher cell densities of the microcellular core of ABS/PFR parts. All ABS/PFR foams showed a self-extinguishing behavior under UL-94 burning vertical tests, independently of the weight reduction. Gradual decreases of the second peak of heat release rate and time of combustion with similar intumescent effect were observed with increasing weight reduction under cone calorimeter tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Realinho
- Centre Català del Plàstic, Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Enginyeria Metal·lúrgica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC Barcelona Tech), C/Colom 114, E-08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - David Arencón
- Centre Català del Plàstic, Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Enginyeria Metal·lúrgica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC Barcelona Tech), C/Colom 114, E-08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marcelo Antunes
- Centre Català del Plàstic, Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Enginyeria Metal·lúrgica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC Barcelona Tech), C/Colom 114, E-08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - José Ignacio Velasco
- Centre Català del Plàstic, Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Enginyeria Metal·lúrgica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC Barcelona Tech), C/Colom 114, E-08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
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215
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Xia J, Su Y, Li W. Post-polymerization functionalization to a novel phosphorus- and nitrogen-containing polyether coating for flame retardant treatment of PET fabric. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Yumiao Su
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Wenmu Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fuzhou 350002 China
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216
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El Hage R, Khalaf Y, Lacoste C, Nakhl M, Lacroix P, Bergeret A. A flame retarded chitosan binder for insulating miscanthus/recycled textile fibers reinforced biocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland El Hage
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique des Matériaux (LCPM), Faculté des Sciences II; Université Libanaise; Fanar Liban
- Plateforme de Recherche en Nanosciences et Nanotechnologies; Université Libanaise; Fanar Liban
| | - Yasmina Khalaf
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique des Matériaux (LCPM), Faculté des Sciences II; Université Libanaise; Fanar Liban
- Plateforme de Recherche en Nanosciences et Nanotechnologies; Université Libanaise; Fanar Liban
| | - Clément Lacoste
- Centre des Matériaux des Mines d'Alès (C2MA); IMT Mines d'Alès, Université de Montpellier; 6 Avenue de Clavières, 30319, Alès Cedex France
| | - Michel Nakhl
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique des Matériaux (LCPM), Faculté des Sciences II; Université Libanaise; Fanar Liban
- Plateforme de Recherche en Nanosciences et Nanotechnologies; Université Libanaise; Fanar Liban
| | | | - Anne Bergeret
- Centre des Matériaux des Mines d'Alès (C2MA); IMT Mines d'Alès, Université de Montpellier; 6 Avenue de Clavières, 30319, Alès Cedex France
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217
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Jia P, Xia H, Tang K, Zhou Y. Plasticizers Derived from Biomass Resources: A Short Review. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1303. [PMID: 30961228 PMCID: PMC6401779 DOI: 10.3390/polym10121303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
With rising environmental concerns and depletion of petrochemical resources, biomass-based chemicals have been paid more attention. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plasticizers derived from biomass resources (vegetable oil, cardanol, vegetable fatty acid, glycerol and citric acid) have been widely studied to replace petroleum-based o-phthalate plasticizers. These bio-based plasticizers mainly include epoxidized plasticizer, polyester plasticizer, macromolecular plasticizer, flame retardant plasticizer, citric acid ester plasticizer, glyceryl ester plasticizer and internal plasticizer. Bio-based plasticizers with the advantages of renewability, degradability, hypotoxicity, excellent solvent resistant extraction and plasticizing performances make them potential to replace o-phthalate plasticizers partially or totally. In this review, we classify different types of bio-based plasticizers according to their chemical structure and function, and highlight recent advances in multifunctional applications of bio-based plasticizers in PVC products. This study will increase the interest of researchers in bio-based plasticizers and the development of new ideas in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puyou Jia
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF); Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University; Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Materials, 16 Suojin North Road, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Haoyu Xia
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Pu Zhu Road, Nanjing 211800, China.
| | - Kehan Tang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Pu Zhu Road, Nanjing 211800, China.
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF); Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University; Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Materials, 16 Suojin North Road, Nanjing 210042, China.
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218
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Shan F, Ohashi S, Erlichman A, Ishida H. Non-flammable thiazole-functional monobenzoxazines: Synthesis, polymerization, thermal and thermomechanical properties, and flammability studies. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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219
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High flame retardancy of amorphous sodium silicate on poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA). Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2311-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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220
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Selvi M, Devaraju S, Alagar M. Cyclotriphosphazene nanofiber-reinforced polybenzoxazine/epoxy nanocomposites for low dielectric and flame-retardant applications. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2569-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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221
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Wang Y, Su Q, Wang H, Zhao X, Liang S. Molded environment-friendly flame-retardant foaming material with high strength based on corn starch modified by crosslinking and grafting. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in Universities of Gansu Province; College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University; Lanzhou 730030 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Su
- Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in Universities of Gansu Province; College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University; Lanzhou 730030 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongling Wang
- Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in Universities of Gansu Province; College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University; Lanzhou 730030 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangfei Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in Universities of Gansu Province; College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University; Lanzhou 730030 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in Universities of Gansu Province; College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University; Lanzhou 730030 People's Republic of China
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222
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Efficient polymeric phosphorus flame retardant: flame retardancy, thermal property, and physical property on polylactide. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2558-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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223
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Selvi M, Devaraju S, Alagar M. Synthesis and characterization of thermally stable and flame retardant poly (benzoxazine-co-urethane) matrices. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2018.1510735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Selvi
- Polymer Nanocomposites Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - Subramani Devaraju
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Science and Humanities, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (VFSTR), Vadlamudi, Guntur, India
| | - Muthukaruppan Alagar
- Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials, Manufacturing, Processing and Characterisation (CoExAMMPC), Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (VFSTR), Vadlamudi, Guntur, India
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224
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225
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Deans T, Li Y, Jefferson L, Schiraldi DA. Rapid screening test for flame retardation of wood, and its applicability to thermoplastic polymer systems. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taneisha Deans
- Department of Macromolecular Science and EngineeringCase Western Reserve UniversityCleveland Ohio 44106‐7202
| | - Yuqin Li
- Department of Macromolecular Science and EngineeringCase Western Reserve UniversityCleveland Ohio 44106‐7202
| | - Lamia Jefferson
- Department of Macromolecular Science and EngineeringCase Western Reserve UniversityCleveland Ohio 44106‐7202
| | - David A. Schiraldi
- Department of Macromolecular Science and EngineeringCase Western Reserve UniversityCleveland Ohio 44106‐7202
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226
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Velencoso MM, Battig A, Markwart JC, Schartel B, Wurm FR. Molecular Firefighting-How Modern Phosphorus Chemistry Can Help Solve the Challenge of Flame Retardancy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10450-10467. [PMID: 29318752 PMCID: PMC6099334 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquity of polymeric materials in daily life comes with an increased fire risk, and sustained research into efficient flame retardants is key to ensuring the safety of the populace and material goods from accidental fires. Phosphorus, a versatile and effective element for use in flame retardants, has the potential to supersede the halogenated variants that are still widely used today: current formulations employ a variety of modes of action and methods of implementation, as additives or as reactants, to solve the task of developing flame-retarding polymeric materials. Phosphorus-based flame retardants can act in both the gas and condensed phase during a fire. This Review investigates how current phosphorus chemistry helps in reducing the flammability of polymers, and addresses the future of sustainable, efficient, and safe phosphorus-based flame-retardants from renewable sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M. Velencoso
- Physical Chemistry of PolymersMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Alexander Battig
- Technical Properties of Polymeric MaterialsBundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)Unter den Eichen 8712205BerlinGermany
| | - Jens C. Markwart
- Physical Chemistry of PolymersMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
- Graduate School Materials Science in MainzStaudinger Weg 955128MainzGermany
| | - Bernhard Schartel
- Technical Properties of Polymeric MaterialsBundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)Unter den Eichen 8712205BerlinGermany
| | - Frederik R. Wurm
- Physical Chemistry of PolymersMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
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227
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Velencoso MM, Battig A, Markwart JC, Schartel B, Wurm FR. Molekulare Brandbekämpfung – wie moderne Phosphorchemie zur Lösung der Flammschutzaufgabe beitragen kann. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria M. Velencoso
- Physikalische Chemie der PolymereMax-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Alexander Battig
- Technische Eigenschaften von PolymerwerkstoffenBundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Jens C. Markwart
- Physikalische Chemie der PolymereMax-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
- Exzellenz-Graduiertenschule “Materials Science in Mainz” Staudinger Weg 9 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Bernhard Schartel
- Technische Eigenschaften von PolymerwerkstoffenBundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Frederik R. Wurm
- Physikalische Chemie der PolymereMax-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
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228
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Lavrenyuk H, Hamerton I, Mykhalichko B. Tuning the properties for the self-extinguishing epoxy-amine composites containing copper-coordinated curing agent: Flame tests and physical–mechanical measurements. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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229
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Wang C, Wu L, Dai Y, Zhu Y, Wang B, Zhong Y, Zhang L, Sui X, Xu H, Mao Z. Application of self-templated PHMA sub-microtubes in enhancing flame-retardance and anti-dripping of PET. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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230
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Tao X, Duan H, Dong W, Wang X, Yang S. Synthesis of an acrylate constructed by phosphaphenanthrene and triazine-trione and its application in intrinsic flame retardant vinyl ester resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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231
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Uppal A, Kour P, Kumar A, Khajuria Y. Synthesis, structural, vibrational, electronic, thermal and Fukui analysis of diethyl (hydroxy(4-methoxyphenyl) methyl) phosphonate. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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232
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Wei YX, Deng C, Zhao ZY, Wang YZ. A novel organic-inorganic hybrid SiO2@DPP for the fire retardance of polycarbonate. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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233
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Hou S, Zhang YJ, Jiang P. Synergistic effects of synthetic phosphonium sulfonates with expandable graphite on flame retardancy for EVA rubber blends. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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234
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Comparative Study on Flame Retardancy, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composites with Ammonium Polyphosphate, Expandable Graphite, and Aluminum Tri-hydroxide. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-018-3397-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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235
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Sundhoro M, Park J, Wu B, Yan M. Synthesis of Polyphosphazenes by a Fast Perfluoroaryl Azide-Mediated Staudinger Reaction. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Madanodaya Sundhoro
- University of
Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Ave., Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Jaehyeung Park
- University of
Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Ave., Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - Bin Wu
- University of
Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Ave., Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Mingdi Yan
- University of
Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Ave., Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
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236
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Revathi R, Prabunathan P, Alagar M. Synthesis and studies on phosphazene core-based POSS-reinforced polyimide nanocomposites. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2391-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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237
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Röchow ET, Häußler L, Korwitz A, Pospiech D. Thermal decomposition of phosphonate-containing methacrylate-based copolymers. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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238
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Ahmed HB, Ramadan AM, Nour MA, Abd el-Malak SS, Gomaa AEAZ. Innovative precursor for manufacturing of superior enhancer of intumescence for paint: Thermal insulative coating for steel structures. PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS 2018; 118:129-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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239
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Chen FF, Zhu YJ, Chen F, Dong LY, Yang RL, Xiong ZC. Fire Alarm Wallpaper Based on Fire-Resistant Hydroxyapatite Nanowire Inorganic Paper and Graphene Oxide Thermosensitive Sensor. ACS NANO 2018. [PMID: 29532660 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Wallpaper with multiple functions, such as fire resistance and an automatic alarm in fire disasters, will be attractive for the interior decoration of houses. Herein, we report a smart fire alarm wallpaper prepared using fire-resistant inorganic paper based on ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowires (HNs) and graphene oxide (GO) thermosensitive sensors. At room temperature, the GO thermosensitive sensor is in a state of electrical insulation; however, it becomes electrically conductive at high temperatures. In a fire disaster, high temperature will rapidly remove the oxygen-containing groups of GO, leading to the transformation process of GO from an electrically insulated state into an electrically conductive one. In this way, the alarm lamp and alarm buzzer connected with the GO thermosensitive sensor will send out the alerts to people immediately for taking emergency actions. After the surface modification with polydopamine of GO (PGO), the sensitivity and flame retardancy of the GO thermosensitive sensor are further improved, resulting in a low responsive temperature (126.9 °C), fast response (2 s), and sustained working time in the flame (at least 5 min). Compared with combustible commercial wallpaper, the smart fire alarm wallpaper based on HNs and GO (or PGO) is superior owing to excellent nonflammability and high-temperature resistance of HNs, which can protect the GO (or PGO) thermosensitive sensor from the flames. The smart fire alarm wallpaper can be processed into various shapes, dyed with different colors, and printed with the commercial printer and thus has promising applications in high-safety interior decoration of houses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050 , P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P.R. China
| | - Ying-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050 , P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P.R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050 , P.R. China
| | - Li-Ying Dong
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050 , P.R. China
| | - Ri-Long Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050 , P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Chao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050 , P.R. China
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240
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Feng Y, He C, Wen Y, Ye Y, Zhou X, Xie X, Mai YW. Superior flame retardancy and smoke suppression of epoxy-based composites with phosphorus/nitrogen co-doped graphene. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 346:140-151. [PMID: 29257978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus and/or nitrogen doping is an effective method of improving the physical and chemical properties of reduced graphene oxide (rGO). In this work, phosphorus and nitrogen co-doped rGO (PN-rGO), synthesized using a scalable hydrothermal and microwave process, was used as an additive to improve the flame retardancy of epoxy resin (EP) for the first time. Chemical structure and morphology characterization confirmed that the nitrogen and phosphorus atoms were doped into the graphite lattice adopting pyrrolic-N, pyridinic-N, quaternary-N and pyrophosphate and metaphosphate forms. Doping increased the oxidization resistance of rGO and the thermal-oxidative stability of its composites' char, while also improving the catalytic charring ability of polymer. Both effects resulted in the formation of a stable char protective layer during burning and to a significant improvement in flame retardation and smoke suppression in the final composites. The peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) for the EP-based composite (containing 5 wt% PN-rGO) decreased by 30.9%, 29.3% and 51.3%, respectively, compared to neat EP. Our work has produced a promising graphene-based flame retardant additive for the mass production of high-performance composites, also expended the application of heteroatom-doped graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuezhan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chengen He
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yingfeng Wen
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yunsheng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Xingping Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yiu-Wing Mai
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Centre for Advanced Materials Technology (CAMT), School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering J07, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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241
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Novel strategies for the synthesis of hydroxylated and carboxylated polystyrenes. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-018-1490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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242
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Wang L, Zhang L, Fischer A, Zhong Y, Drummer D, Wu W. Enhanced thermal conductivity and flame retardancy of polyamide 6/flame retardant composites with hexagonal boron nitride. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2017-0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
High performance composite of polyamide 6 (PA6)/flame retardant (FR)/hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) was prepared via twin screw extrusion, followed by injection molding. The heat dissipation of the composite was significantly improved by incorporating 40 vol% of hBN, and the corresponding thermal conductivity was up to 5.701 W/(m·K), nearly 17 times that of the PA6/FR composites. In addition, the combination effect of hBN and FR to the flame retardancy of the composites was observed, and the addition of hBN could dramatically enhance the flame retardancy of composites, achieving a UL94 V-0 rating with a limited oxygen index (LOI) value of 37%. This multifunctional modification would broaden the application field of PA6 composites in light-emitting diode (LED) lamps, electronic products, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Sino-German Joint Research Centre of Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai, 200237 , P.R. China
| | - Luchong Zhang
- Sino-German Joint Research Centre of Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai, 200237 , P.R. China
| | - Andreas Fischer
- Institute of Polymer Technology , Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Yuhua Zhong
- Sino-German Joint Research Centre of Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai, 200237 , P.R. China
| | - Dietmar Drummer
- Institute of Polymer Technology , Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Wei Wu
- Sino-German Joint Research Centre of Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai, 200237 , P.R. China
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243
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Wang J, Ma C, Wang P, Qiu S, Cai W, Hu Y. Ultra-low phosphorus loading to achieve the superior flame retardancy of epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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244
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Weißhuhn J, Seifert A, Dzhagan V, Palaniyappan S, Zahn DRT, Wagner G, Spange S. B 2
O 3
/SiO 2
/Phenolic Resin Hybrid Materials Produced by Simultaneous Twin Polymerization of Spiromonomers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Weißhuhn
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Institute of Natural Science; TU Chemnitz; Straße der Nationen 62 09111 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Andreas Seifert
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Institute of Natural Science; TU Chemnitz; Straße der Nationen 62 09111 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Volodymyr Dzhagan
- Department of Semiconductor Physics Institute of Natural Science; TU Chemnitz; Reichenhainer Straße 70 09126 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Saravanan Palaniyappan
- Department of Composite Materials and Materials Compounds; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering; TU Chemnitz; Erfenschlager Straße 73 09125 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Dietrich R. T. Zahn
- Department of Semiconductor Physics Institute of Natural Science; TU Chemnitz; Reichenhainer Straße 70 09126 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Guntram Wagner
- Department of Composite Materials and Materials Compounds; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering; TU Chemnitz; Erfenschlager Straße 73 09125 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Stefan Spange
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Institute of Natural Science; TU Chemnitz; Straße der Nationen 62 09111 Chemnitz Germany
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245
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Yin X, Zhang B, Luo Y. Preparation and Characterization of Efficient Flame-Retardant and Thermostability Two-Component Aqueous Varnish Coatings. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090417060094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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246
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Januszewski R, Dutkiewicz M, Maciejewski H, Marciniec B. Synthesis and characterization of phosphorus-containing, silicone rubber based flame retardant coatings. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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247
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Xu MJ, Xia SY, Liu C, Li B. Preparation of Poly(phosphoric acid piperazine) and Its Application as an Effective Flame Retardant for Epoxy Resin. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-018-2036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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248
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Lopattananon N, Walong A, Sakai T. Influence of incorporation methods of ATH on microstructure, elastomeric properties, flammability, and thermal decomposition of dynamically vulcanized NR/PP blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natinee Lopattananon
- Department of Rubber Technology and Polymer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology; Prince of Songkla University; Pattani Thailand
| | - Alif Walong
- Department of Rubber Technology and Polymer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology; Prince of Songkla University; Pattani Thailand
| | - Tadamoto Sakai
- Tokyo Office; Shizuoka University, 3-3-6 Shibaura; Minato Tokyo 108-0023 Japan
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249
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Deng P, Liu Y, Liu Y, Xu C, Wang Q. Preparation of phosphorus-containing phenolic resin and its application in epoxy resin as a curing agent and flame retardant. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Deng
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Yuansen Liu
- Engineering Research Centre of Marine Biological Resource Comprehensive Utilization; Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration; Xiamen China
| | - Yuan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Changan Xu
- Engineering Research Centre of Marine Biological Resource Comprehensive Utilization; Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration; Xiamen China
| | - Qi Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
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250
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Appukutti N, Serpell CJ. High definition polyphosphoesters: between nucleic acids and plastics. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00251g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acids and synthetic polyphosphoester materials have been distinct fields – this review shows how these areas now comprise a continuum.
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