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CENGİSİZ C, TAMAM L, DİZDAR G, PAŞAOĞLU E, YILMAZ E. Türkiye'nin batı bölgesinde bir şehirde COVID-19 pandemisi öncesi ve sırasında intihar eğilimlerinin karşılaştırılması. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.1103467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to compare the completed suicides in the early period of the COVID-19 pandemic with the completed suicides in the same time interval immediately before the pandemic in the Manisa Province of Turkey and to investigate whether there are pandemic-specific completed suicide trends.
Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 162 completed suicides that occurred between January 2019 - February 2020 (pre-pandemic period) and March 2020 - June 2021 (pandemic period) in Manisa Province. Completed suicides were compared in terms of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.
Results: The number of completed suicides before and during the pandemic was 84 and 78, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods in the number of completed suicides. In terms of sociodemographic characteristics, marital status, contrary to gender, age, employment status, and educational level, caused a significant difference in the number of suicides before and during the pandemic period. Additionally, the season when the completed suicide occurred and the type of place of residence of the individuals with completed suicide, caused a significant difference in the number of suicides
Conclusion: The study's findings indicated that the pandemic period was not a factor in general in completed suicides. Specifically, however, it is noteworthy that suicide by hanging was more common during the pandemic period, in the spring season, among individuals who were married, employed, resided in urban areas, had a low educational level, and had a history of psychiatric diseases such as mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lut TAMAM
- Department of Psychiatry, Çukurova University Medical School
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202
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O'Callaghan E, Mahrer N, Belanger HG, Sullivan S, Lee C, Gupta CT, Winsberg M. Telehealth-Supported Decision-making Psychiatric Care for Suicidal Ideation: Longitudinal Observational Study. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e37746. [PMID: 36178727 PMCID: PMC9568811 DOI: 10.2196/37746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Suicide is a leading cause of death in the United States, and suicidal ideation (SI) is a significant precursor and risk factor for suicide. Objective This study aimed to examine the impact of a telepsychiatric care platform on changes in SI over time and remission, as well as to investigate the relationship between various demographic and medical factors on SI and SI remission. Methods Participants included 8581 US-based adults (8366 in the treatment group and 215 in the control group) seeking treatment for depression, anxiety, or both. The treatment group included patients who had completed at least 12 weeks of treatment and had received a prescription for at least one psychiatric medication during the study period. Providers prescribed psychiatric medications for each patient during their first session and received regular data on participants. They also received decision support at treatment onset via the digital platform, which leveraged an empirically derived proprietary precision-prescribing algorithm to give providers real-time care guidelines. Participants in the control group consisted of individuals who completed the initial enrollment data and completed surveys at baseline and 12 weeks but did not receive care. Results Greater feelings of hopelessness, anhedonia, and feeling bad about oneself were most significantly correlated (r=0.24-0.37) with SI at baseline. Sleep issues and feeling tired or having low energy, although significant, had lower correlations with SI (r=0.13-0.14). In terms of demographic variables, advancing age and education were associated with less SI at baseline (r=−0.16) and 12 weeks (r=−0.10) but less improvement over time (r=−0.12 and −0.11, respectively). Although not different at baseline, the SI expression was evident in 34.4% (74/215) of the participants in the control group and 12.32% (1031/8366) of the participants in the treatment group at 12 weeks. Although the participants in the treatment group improved over time regardless of various demographic variables, participants in the control group with less education worsened over time, after controlling for age and depression severity. A model incorporating the treatment group, age, sex, and 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire scores was 77% accurate in its classification of complete remission. Those in the treatment group were 4.3 times more likely (odds ratio 4.31, 95% CI 2.88-6.44) to have complete SI remission than those in the control group. Female participants and those with advanced education beyond high school were approximately 1.4 times more likely (odds ratio 1.38, 95% CI 1.18-1.62) to remit than their counterparts. Conclusions The results highlight the efficacy of an antidepressant intervention in reducing SI, in this case administered via a telehealth platform and with decision support, as well as the importance of considering covariates, or subpopulations, when considering SI. Further research and refinement, ideally via randomized controlled trials, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Mahrer
- Psychology Department, University of La Verne, La Verne, CA, United States
| | - Heather G Belanger
- Brightside Health Inc, Oakland, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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203
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Zarowsky Z, Rashid T. Resilience and Wellbeing Strategies for Pandemic Fatigue in Times of Covid-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 8:1-36. [PMID: 36196257 PMCID: PMC9523176 DOI: 10.1007/s41042-022-00078-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is truly one of the greatest collective health crises in history which have altered our life and living. For years, people have felt fatigued from following public health directives such as social distancing, wearing masks, washing hands frequently, and working or studying remotely without in-person interactions. In this paper, we explore strategies for resilience and wellbeing which can mitigate pandemic-caused stress and behavioural fatigue. We start with individual level strategies including reworking stress appraisals, the importance of psychological flexibility, reducing loneliness through adaptive online platform use, optimizing familial relationships when living in close quarters for a prolonged period, reducing symptoms of burnout and using adaptive distractions, using specific evidence-based resilience strategies. We discuss specific considerations which tap on our shared identities and shared responsibilities which can enhance a sense of community, especially for individuals from marginalized backgrounds and how suicide risks can be minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Zarowsky
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trial, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4 Canada
| | - Tayyab Rashid
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trial, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4 Canada
- Centre for Wellbeing Science, Melbourne Graduate School of Education, Melbourne, Australia
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204
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Gill EK, McQuillan MT. LGBTQ+ Students' Peer Victimization and Mental Health before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11537. [PMID: 36141809 PMCID: PMC9517503 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Given the well-established health disparities between lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and gender-expansive (LGBTQ+) and cisgender, straight youth, scholars predicted the COVID-19 pandemic would disproportionately impact LGBTQ+ students. Yet, few studies have described changes in LGBTQ+ students' school experiences and well-being during the pandemic. Using survey data from 40,904 middle and high school students, we examined changes from before (2018) to during (2021) the pandemic in peer victimization, anxiety, and suicide attempts. We conducted bivariate and multivariate regression analyses to assess changes between the two time points among LGBTQ+ and cisgender, straight students. We found LGBTQ+ students experienced more peer victimization, anxiety, and suicide attempts at both points, before and during the pandemic, than cisgender, straight youth. However, LGBTQ+ students reported increased anxiety, decreased peer victimization, and decreased suicide attempts in 2021, during the pandemic, compared to pre-pandemic 2018 reports. These findings suggest pandemic-related school disruptions may have provided LGBTQ+ students some relief from the harmful effects of poor, in-person school climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K. Gill
- Department of Educational Leadership and Policy Analysis, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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205
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Ryu S, Nam HJ, Jhon M, Lee JY, Kim JM, Kim SW. Trends in suicide deaths before and after the COVID-19 outbreak in Korea. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273637. [PMID: 36094911 PMCID: PMC9467344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on suicide trends in Korea via a time-series analysis. We used Facebook Prophet to generate forecasting models based on the monthly numbers of suicide deaths in Korea between 1997 and 2018, validated the models by comparison with the 2019 numbers, and predicted the numbers of suicides in 2020. We compared the expected and observed numbers of suicides during the COVID-19 pandemic. The total numbers of suicides during the COVID-19 pandemic did not deviate from projections based on the pre-pandemic period. However, the number of suicides among women and those under the age of 34 years significantly exceeded the expected level. The COVID-19 pandemic did not increase the overall suicide rate significantly. However, suicides among women and young people increased, suggesting that the pandemic might drive more members of these groups to suicide. Further studies are needed to verify the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyong Ryu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hee Jung Nam
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Jhon
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
- Mindlink, Gwangju Bukgu Mental Health Center, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
- Mindlink, Gwangju Bukgu Mental Health Center, Gwangju, Korea
- * E-mail:
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206
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Lee GE, Kim JW, Lee KR, Hong DY, Park SO, Kim SY, Baek KJ, Jeon HJ. Vulnerable individuals and changes in suicidal behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea. BJPsych Open 2022; 8:e166. [PMID: 36073010 PMCID: PMC9464507 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2022.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic poses a major threat to mental health and is associated with an increased risk of suicide. An understanding of suicidal behaviours during the pandemic is necessary for establishing policies to prevent suicides in such social conditions. AIMS We aimed to investigate vulnerable individuals and the characteristics of changes in suicidal behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with suicide attempts who visited the emergency department from February 2019 to January 2021. We analysed the demographic and clinical characteristics, risk factors and rescue factors of patients, and compared the findings between the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. RESULTS In total, 519 patients were included. During the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods, 303 and 270 patients visited the emergency department after a suicide attempt, respectively. The proportion of suicide attempts by women (60.1% v. 69.3%, P = 0.035) and patients with a previous psychiatric illness (63.4% v. 72.9%, P = 0.006) increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, patients' rescue scores during the pandemic were lower than those during the pre-pandemic period (12 (interquartile range: 11-13) v. 13 (interquartile range: 12-14), P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Women and people with previous psychiatric illnesses were more vulnerable to suicide attempts during the COVID-19 pandemic. Suicide prevention policies, such as continuous monitoring and staying in touch with vulnerable individuals, are necessary to cope with suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Eun Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Konkuk University Medical Center, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Won Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Konkuk University Medical Center, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Ryong Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Konkuk University Medical Center, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Hong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Konkuk University Medical Center, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang O Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Konkuk University Medical Center, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin Young Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Konkuk University Medical Center, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Je Baek
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Konkuk University Medical Center, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Jun Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Konkuk University Medical Center, Republic of Korea
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207
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Matsumoto R, Kawano Y, Motomura E, Shiroyama T, Okada M. Analyzing the changing relationship between personal consumption and suicide mortality during COVID-19 pandemic in Japan, using governmental and personal consumption transaction databases. Front Public Health 2022; 10:982341. [PMID: 36159241 PMCID: PMC9489934 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.982341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
During the early stages of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, suicides did not increase in most countries/regions. Japan, however, was an exception to this, reporting increased numbers of female suicides with no changes in male suicide. To explore the trends of increasing suicides, the fluctuations of personal consumption (as an indicator of lifestyle) and standardized suicide death rate (SDR) disaggregated by age, sex, and prefecture, were determined using a linear mixed-effect model. Additionally, fixed effects of personal consumption on SDR during the pandemic were also analyzed using hierarchical linear regression models with robust standard errors. During the first wave of the pandemic, SDR for both sexes decreased slightly but increased during the second half of 2020. SDR of females younger than 70 years old and males younger than 40 years old continued to increase throughout 2021, whereas SDR for other ages of both sexes did not increase. Personal consumption expenditures on out-of-home recreations (travel agencies, pubs, and hotels) and internet/mobile communication expenses decreased, but expenditures on home-based recreations (contents distribution) increased during the pandemic. Increased expenditures on internet/mobile communication were related to increasing SDR of both sexes. Increasing expenditures on content distributions were related to increasing females' SDR without affecting that of males. Decreasing expenditures on pubs were related to increasing SDR of both sexes in the non-metropolitan region. These findings suggest that transformed individual lifestyles, extended time at home with a decreased outing for contact with others, contributed to the progression of isolation as a risk of suicide. Unexpectedly, increasing compensatory contact with others using internet/mobile communication enhanced isolation resulting in increased suicide risk.
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208
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Kippe YD, Adam M, Finck A, Moran JK, Schouler-Ocak M, Bermpohl F, Gutwinski S, Goldschmidt T. Suicidality in psychiatric emergency department situations during the first and the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 273:311-323. [PMID: 36071277 PMCID: PMC9451117 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01486-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric patients are prone to mental health deterioration during the Covid-19 pandemic. Little is known about suicidality in psychiatric patients during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study is a retrospective chart review of psychiatric emergency department (pED) presentations with present or absent suicidality (5634 pED attendances, 4110 patients) in an academic pED in Berlin, Germany. Poisson regression analysis was performed on the effect of Covid-19 period on suicidality (suicidal ideation (SI), suicide plans (SP) or suicide attempt (SA)) during the first (3/2/2020-5/24/2020 "first-wave") and second (9/15/2020-3/1/2021 "second-wave") wave of the Covid-19 pandemic compared to the same periods one year earlier. During the first-wave the number of pED visits per person with SI, SP and SA was higher compared to one year earlier (SI RR = 1.614; p = 0.016; SP RR = 2.900; p = 0.004; SA RR = 9.862; p = 0.003). SI and SP were predicted by interaction between substance use disorder (SUD) and second-wave (SI RR = 1.305, p = 0.043; SP RR = 1.645, p = 0.018), SA was predicted by interaction between borderline personality disorder (BPD) and second-wave (RR = 7.128; p = 0.012). Suicidality increased during the first-wave of Covid-19 pandemic in our sample. In the second-wave this was found in patients with SUD and BPD. These patients may be at particular risk of suicidality during the Covid-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann David Kippe
- Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik der Charité Im St. Hedwig Krankenhaus, Große Hamburger Str. 5-11, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maia Adam
- Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik der Charité Im St. Hedwig Krankenhaus, Große Hamburger Str. 5-11, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Finck
- Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik der Charité Im St. Hedwig Krankenhaus, Große Hamburger Str. 5-11, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - James Kenneth Moran
- Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik der Charité Im St. Hedwig Krankenhaus, Große Hamburger Str. 5-11, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Meryam Schouler-Ocak
- Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik der Charité Im St. Hedwig Krankenhaus, Große Hamburger Str. 5-11, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Bermpohl
- Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik der Charité Im St. Hedwig Krankenhaus, Große Hamburger Str. 5-11, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Gutwinski
- Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik der Charité Im St. Hedwig Krankenhaus, Große Hamburger Str. 5-11, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Goldschmidt
- Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik der Charité Im St. Hedwig Krankenhaus, Große Hamburger Str. 5-11, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
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209
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Berniell I, Laferrère A, Mira P, Pronkina E. Robinson Crusoe: less or more depressed? With whom and where to live in a pandemic if you are above 50. REVIEW OF ECONOMICS OF THE HOUSEHOLD 2022; 21:435-459. [PMID: 36091928 PMCID: PMC9440462 DOI: 10.1007/s11150-022-09624-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Did the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic and the various lockdown measures taken by European governments in the spring of 2020 impact individuals aged 50 and over differently according to their living arrangements and housing conditions? Focusing on three indicators of mental well-being, depression, loneliness and trouble sleeping, this paper answers the question using data on Europeans interviewed in the SHARE Corona Survey, fielded right after the first wave of the pandemic in summer 2020, linked longitudinally with two previous waves of SHARE (2013 and 2015). We find that the first wave of the pandemic changed the association between mental health and living arrangements and housing conditions. New to this pandemic period, the mental well-being of those who lived only with a spouse declined relative to the general population aged 50+. Relatedly, there was a protective impact for parents of having (adult) children in the same building as opposed to children, however close, who were not co-residing. Finally, living in cities and in multi-unit housing also led to a decrease in mental well-being relative to the general population aged 50+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Berniell
- CEDLAS - IIE - Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Anne Laferrère
- Université Paris-Dauphine - PSL, Pl Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France
| | | | - Elizaveta Pronkina
- Université Paris-Dauphine - PSL, Pl Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France
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210
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Kirtley OJ, Janssens JJ, Kaurin A. Open Science in Suicide Research Is Open for Business. CRISIS 2022; 43:355-360. [PMID: 35915973 PMCID: PMC9645435 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia J. Kirtley
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry,
Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julie J. Janssens
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry,
Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aleksandra Kaurin
- Faculty of Health/School of Psychology and
Psychiatry, Witten/Herdecke University, Germany
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211
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Kõlves K, Mathieu S. Commentary on Lange et al.: Acute alcohol use before suicide-is it contributing to an increase in suicide rates in the United States? Addiction 2022; 117:2537-2539. [PMID: 35818316 PMCID: PMC9544635 DOI: 10.1111/add.15983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kairi Kõlves
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, School of Applied PsychologyGriffith UniversityMt GravattQLDAustralia
| | - Sharna Mathieu
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, School of Applied PsychologyGriffith UniversityMt GravattQLDAustralia
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212
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Pirkis J, Gunnell D, Shin S, Del Pozo-Banos M, Arya V, Aguilar PA, Appleby L, Arafat SMY, Arensman E, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Balhara YPS, Bantjes J, Baran A, Behera C, Bertolote J, Borges G, Bray M, Brečić P, Caine E, Calati R, Carli V, Castelpietra G, Chan LF, Chang SS, Colchester D, Coss-Guzmán M, Crompton D, Ćurković M, Dandona R, De Jaegere E, De Leo D, Deisenhammer EA, Dwyer J, Erlangsen A, Faust JS, Fornaro M, Fortune S, Garrett A, Gentile G, Gerstner R, Gilissen R, Gould M, Gupta SK, Hawton K, Holz F, Kamenshchikov I, Kapur N, Kasal A, Khan M, Kirtley OJ, Knipe D, Kõlves K, Kölzer SC, Krivda H, Leske S, Madeddu F, Marshall A, Memon A, Mittendorfer-Rutz E, Nestadt P, Neznanov N, Niederkrotenthaler T, Nielsen E, Nordentoft M, Oberlerchner H, O'Connor RC, Papsdorf R, Partonen T, Phillips MR, Platt S, Portzky G, Psota G, Qin P, Radeloff D, Reif A, Reif-Leonhard C, Rezaeian M, Román-Vázquez N, Roskar S, Rozanov V, Sara G, Scavacini K, Schneider B, Semenova N, Sinyor M, Tambuzzi S, Townsend E, Ueda M, Wasserman D, Webb RT, Winkler P, Yip PS, Zalsman G, Zoja R, John A, Spittal MJ. Suicide numbers during the first 9-15 months of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with pre-existing trends: An interrupted time series analysis in 33 countries. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 51:101573. [PMID: 35935344 PMCID: PMC9344880 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Predicted increases in suicide were not generally observed in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the picture may be changing and patterns might vary across demographic groups. We aimed to provide a timely, granular picture of the pandemic's impact on suicides globally. Methods We identified suicide data from official public-sector sources for countries/areas-within-countries, searching websites and academic literature and contacting data custodians and authors as necessary. We sent our first data request on 22nd June 2021 and stopped collecting data on 31st October 2021. We used interrupted time series (ITS) analyses to model the association between the pandemic's emergence and total suicides and suicides by sex-, age- and sex-by-age in each country/area-within-country. We compared the observed and expected numbers of suicides in the pandemic's first nine and first 10-15 months and used meta-regression to explore sources of variation. Findings We sourced data from 33 countries (24 high-income, six upper-middle-income, three lower-middle-income; 25 with whole-country data, 12 with data for area(s)-within-the-country, four with both). There was no evidence of greater-than-expected numbers of suicides in the majority of countries/areas-within-countries in any analysis; more commonly, there was evidence of lower-than-expected numbers. Certain sex, age and sex-by-age groups stood out as potentially concerning, but these were not consistent across countries/areas-within-countries. In the meta-regression, different patterns were not explained by countries' COVID-19 mortality rate, stringency of public health response, economic support level, or presence of a national suicide prevention strategy. Nor were they explained by countries' income level, although the meta-regression only included data from high-income and upper-middle-income countries, and there were suggestions from the ITS analyses that lower-middle-income countries fared less well. Interpretation Although there are some countries/areas-within-countries where overall suicide numbers and numbers for certain sex- and age-based groups are greater-than-expected, these countries/areas-within-countries are in the minority. Any upward movement in suicide numbers in any place or group is concerning, and we need to remain alert to and respond to changes as the pandemic and its mental health and economic consequences continue. Funding None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Pirkis
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Gunnell
- National Institute of Health and care Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sangsoo Shin
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Vikas Arya
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Louis Appleby
- National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Safety in Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - S. M. Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ella Arensman
- School of Public Health, National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jose Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Yatan Pal Singh Balhara
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Center and Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jason Bantjes
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Anna Baran
- Working Group on Prevention of Suicide and Depression at Public Health Council, Ministry of Health, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Medicine and Optometry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, Blekinge Hospital, Karlshamn, Sweden
| | - Chittaranjan Behera
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jose Bertolote
- Department of Neurology, Psychology and Psychiatry, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Borges
- Department of Global Mental Health, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Michael Bray
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Petrana Brečić
- Department for Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče; School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Eric Caine
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Raffaella Calati
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Nimes University Hospital, Nimes, France
| | - Vladimir Carli
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health (NASP), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giulio Castelpietra
- Region Friuli Venezia Giulia, Central Health Directorate, Outpatient and Inpatient Care Service, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lai Fong Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shu-Sen Chang
- Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Maria Coss-Guzmán
- Puerto Rico Department of Health's Commission on Suicide Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - David Crompton
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marko Ćurković
- Department for Medical Ethics, University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče; School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rakhi Dandona
- Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Eva De Jaegere
- Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide Prevention, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Eberhard A. Deisenhammer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology; University Hospital for Psychiatry 2, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jeremy Dwyer
- Coroners Court of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Annette Erlangsen
- Danish Research Institute for Suicide Prevention, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jeremy S. Faust
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Michele Fornaro
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Institute, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Sarah Fortune
- School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Garrett
- Coronial Division, Tasmanian Magistrates Court, Hobart, Australia
| | - Guendalina Gentile
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rebekka Gerstner
- Undersecretary of Health Services, Ministry of Public Health, Quito, Ecuador
- Monitoring and Evaluation, German Institute for Medical Mission, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Renske Gilissen
- 113 Suicide Prevention, Research Department, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Madelyn Gould
- Departments of Psychiatry and Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center/New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sudhir Kumar Gupta
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Keith Hawton
- Centre for Suicide Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Franziska Holz
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Iurii Kamenshchikov
- Udmurtia Republican Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Izhevsk, Russian Federation
| | - Navneet Kapur
- Centre for Mental Health and Safety and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandr Kasal
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Murad Khan
- Department of Psychiatry, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Duleeka Knipe
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kairi Kõlves
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah C. Kölzer
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hryhorii Krivda
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Odessa National Medical University, Odessa, Ukraine
| | - Stuart Leske
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fabio Madeddu
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrew Marshall
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, United States
| | - Anjum Memon
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Nestadt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nikolay Neznanov
- Bekhterev National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Thomas Niederkrotenthaler
- Unit Suicide Research and Mental Health Promotion, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emma Nielsen
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Danish Research Institute for Suicide Prevention, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Herwig Oberlerchner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Klinikum Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Rory C. O'Connor
- Suicidal Behaviour Research Lab, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Rainer Papsdorf
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael R. Phillips
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Departments of Psychiatry and Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Steve Platt
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gwendolyn Portzky
- Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide Prevention, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Georg Psota
- Psychosocial Services in Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ping Qin
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel Radeloff
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt - Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christine Reif-Leonhard
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt - Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mohsen Rezaeian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Occupational Environment Research Center, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Nayda Román-Vázquez
- Puerto Rico Department of Health's Commission on Suicide Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Saska Roskar
- National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vsevolod Rozanov
- Bekhterev National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Grant Sara
- System Information and Analytics Branch, NSW Ministry of Health, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Barbara Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt - Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- LVR Klinik Köln, Department of Addictive Disorders, Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Cologne, Germany
| | - Natalia Semenova
- Organizational-Scientific Department, Bekhterev National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Mark Sinyor
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stefano Tambuzzi
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ellen Townsend
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michiko Ueda
- Waseda University, Faculty of Political Science and Economics, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Danuta Wasserman
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health (NASP), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roger T. Webb
- Centre for Mental Health and Safety and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Petr Winkler
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Paul S.F. Yip
- Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gil Zalsman
- Geha Mental Health Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Riccardo Zoja
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ann John
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Spittal
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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213
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O’Gorman KM, Wilson MJ, Seidler ZE, English D, Zajac IT, Fisher KS, Rice SM. Male-Type Depression Mediates the Relationship between Avoidant Coping and Suicidal Ideation in Men. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10874. [PMID: 36078589 PMCID: PMC9517898 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite known links between men's avoidant coping behaviours (e.g., distraction, denial, substance use) and suicide risk, little research has explored the mechanisms underpinning this relationship. This study sought to examine whether male-type depression symptoms (e.g., anger, aggression, emotion suppression), assessed by the Male Depression Risk Scale, mediate the association between avoidant coping and suicide/self-harm ideation in men. Data were drawn from an online survey of a community sample of 606 Australian men (M age = 50.11 years; SD = 15.00), conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mediation analyses were applied to examine the effect of male-type depression on the association between avoidant coping and suicidal/self-harm ideation, controlling for age, resilience and the experience of two psychosocial stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic (financial stress and government restrictions). Avoidant coping was associated with suicidal/self-harm ideation, r = 0.45, p < 0.001. Results supported a mediating role of male-type depression symptoms in this relationship, R2= 0.29, PM = 0.36, p < 0.001, underscoring the importance of screening for male-type depression symptoms to better identify men at risk of suicidal/self-harm ideation. Results also suggest a need to support men to develop effective coping strategies, particularly in the context of common psychosocial stressors experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran M. O’Gorman
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Michael J. Wilson
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Zac E. Seidler
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Movember, Richmond, VIC 3121, Australia
| | - Derek English
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ian T. Zajac
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Krista S. Fisher
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Simon M. Rice
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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214
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Jollant F, Blanc-Brisset I, Cellier M, Ambar Akkaoui M, Tran VC, Hamel JF, Piot MA, Nourredine M, Nisse P, Hawton K, Descatha A, Vodovar D. Temporal trends in calls for suicide attempts to poison control centers in France during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide study. Eur J Epidemiol 2022; 37:901-913. [PMID: 36040638 PMCID: PMC9425826 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-022-00907-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Concerns have been raised about early vs. later impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicidal behavior. However, data remain sparse to date. We investigated all calls for intentional drug or other toxic ingestions to the eight Poison Control Centers in France between 1st January 2018 and 31st May 2022. Data were extracted from the French National Database of Poisonings. Calls during the study period were analyzed using time trends and time series analyses with SARIMA models (based on the first two years). Breakpoints were determined using Chow test. These analyses were performed together with examination of age groups (≤ 11, 12–24, 25–64, ≥ 65 years) and gender effects when possible. Over the studied period, 66,589 calls for suicide attempts were received. Overall, there was a downward trend from 2018, which slowed down in October 2019 and was followed by an increase from November 2020. Number of calls observed during the COVID period were above what was expected. However, important differences were found according to age and gender. The increase in calls from mid-2020 was particularly observed in young females, while middle-aged adults showed a persisting decrease. An increase in older-aged people was observed from mid-2019 and persisted during the pandemic. The pandemic may therefore have exacerbated a pre-existing fragile situation in adolescents and old-aged people. This study emphasizes the rapidly evolving situation regarding suicidal behaviour during the pandemic, the possibility of age and gender differences in impact, and the value of having access to real-time information to monitor suicidal acts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Jollant
- Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Philosophenweg 3, 07743, Jena, Germany. .,Nîmes Academic Hospital (CHU), Nîmes, France. .,School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. .,CHU Bicêtre, APHP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. .,McGill Group for Suicide Studies, McGill University, Montréal, Canada. .,Moods Team, INSERM UMR-1178, CESP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
| | | | - Morgane Cellier
- CHU Angers, Poison Control Center - Clinical Data Center, Angers, France.,UNIV Angers, CHU Angers, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR S1085 SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Marine Ambar Akkaoui
- Département de Psychiatrie et d'addictologie, AP-HP, GHU Paris Nord, Paris, France
| | - Viet Chi Tran
- Laboratoire d'analyses et de Mathématiques Appliquées (LAMA), Gustave Eiffel University, Paris Est Creteil University, CNRS, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Jean-François Hamel
- UNIV Angers, CHU Angers, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR S1085 SFR ICAT, Angers, France.,Biostatistics and Methodology Department, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - Marie-Aude Piot
- Institut Mutualiste Montsouris & Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Epidemiological and Public Health Research Centre (CESP) - UMR 1018- UVSQ, Villejuif, France
| | - Mikail Nourredine
- Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Pharmacotoxicologie de Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Service de Recherche et Épidémiologie Clinique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire d'Évaluation et Modélisation des Effets Thérapeutiques, UMR CNRS 5558, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Keith Hawton
- Centre for Suicide Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexis Descatha
- CHU Angers, Poison Control Center - Clinical Data Center, Angers, France.,UNIV Angers, CHU Angers, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR S1085 SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Dominique Vodovar
- Paris Academic Hospital (APHP), Poison Control Center & Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.,UMRS-1144, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France
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215
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Bambrah V, Wyman A, Friedman E, Eastwood JD. Examining the Longitudinal Associations between Adjustment Disorder Symptoms and Boredom during COVID-19. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:311. [PMID: 36135115 PMCID: PMC9495664 DOI: 10.3390/bs12090311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a myriad of stressors, underscoring the relevance of adjustment disorder during these extraordinary times. Boredom-as a feeling and as a dispositional characteristic-is an equally pertinent experience during the pandemic that has been cross-sectionally linked to various mental health difficulties. The current longitudinal study expanded on this work, examining the associations between adjustment disorder symptoms and boredom (both as a feeling and as a trait) over time during the COVID-19 pandemic. Community participants completed questionnaires three times, rating their trait boredom at Time 1 and their feelings of boredom and adjustment disorder symptoms (preoccupation with a pandemic stressor and failure to adapt) over the past week at Times 1-3. Latent growth curve analyses found that an increase in feelings of boredom was significantly associated with increased preoccupation with a pandemic stressor and increased difficulties with adapting over time. Additionally, trait boredom significantly predicted changes in preoccupation and the failure to adapt, such that participants high in trait boredom increasingly struggled with these symptoms over time. Our results suggest that increased feelings of boredom and a trait disposition towards boredom can be detrimental to people's ability to adjust over time to the stressors associated with the pandemic. Boredom, as an aversive state and as a chronic difficulty, may be important to address in treatment approaches for adjustment disorder symptoms during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerpal Bambrah
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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216
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Doyle M, Ainsworth P, Boul S, Lee D. Evaluation of a System for Real-Time Surveillance of Suicide in England. CRISIS 2022. [PMID: 35984087 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: Access to timely data on suicide is crucial to support suicide prevention. A real-time suicide surveillance (RTSS) system enables public health teams and allied agencies to review information following suicides promptly and take action quickly. Aims: The aim of this paper was to report on an evaluation of an RTSS system in South Yorkshire, England. Method: The system was reviewed, and outcome data were analyzed for 2019 and 2020 based on recorded suspected suicides, a stakeholder focus group, evaluation of postvention bereavement service outcomes, and lessons learned. Results: The benefits of RTSS included rapid response to emerging trends, identifying clusters, effective bereavement support, information to inform measures to mitigate risk, and supporting evaluation of interventions. The challenges faced included limited resources, data quality, consistency across places, and linkages with coronial processes. Limitations: This was an evaluation of one RTSS system based on routinely collected data covering one area, South Yorkshire, and hence some data limitations, and direct comparison with other services or against a control group was not possible. Conclusion: The RTSS system has led to better support for suicidal people and a responsive, timely, and effective service for those bereaved by suicide, all of which are likely to lead to enhanced well-being and community resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Doyle
- Department of Nursing, School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, UK
| | | | - Sarah Boul
- NHS England and Improvement in South Yorkshire and Bassetlaw, Sheffield, UK
| | - Diane Lee
- Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council, Barnsley, UK
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217
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Goldstein Ferber S, Shoval G, Zalsman G, Weller A. Does COVID-19 related symptomatology indicate a transdiagnostic neuropsychiatric disorder? - Multidisciplinary implications. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:1004-1015. [PMID: 36158308 PMCID: PMC9476837 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i8.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical presentation that emerges from the extensive coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mental health literature suggests high correlations among many conventional psychiatric diagnoses. Arguments against the use of multiple comorbidities for a single patient have been published long before the pandemic. Concurrently, diagnostic recommendations for use of transdiagnostic considerations for improved treatment have been also published in recent years. In this review, we pose the question of whether a transdiagnostic mental health disease, including psychiatric and neuropsychiatric symptomology, has emerged since the onset of the pandemic. There are many attempts to identify a syndrome related to the pandemic, but none of the validated scales is able to capture the entire psychiatric and neuropsychiatric clinical presentation in infected and non-infected individuals. These scales also only marginally touch the issue of etiology and prevalence. We suggest a working hypothesis termed Complex Stress Reaction Syndrome (CSRS) representing a global psychiatric reaction to the pandemic situation in the general population (Type A) and a neuropsychiatric reaction in infected individuals (Type B) which relates to neurocognitive and psychiatric features which are part (excluding systemic and metabolic dysfunctions) of the syndrome termed in the literature as long COVID. We base our propositions on multidisciplinary scientific data regarding mental health during the global pandemic situation and the effects of viral infection reviewed from Google Scholar and PubMed between February 1, 2022 and March 10, 2022. Search in-clusion criteria were "mental health", "COVID-19" and "Long COVID", English language and human studies only. We suggest that this more comprehensive way of understanding COVID-19 complex mental health reactions may promote better prevention and treatment and serve to guide implementation of recommended administrative regulations that were recently published by the World Psychiatric Association. This review may serve as a call for an international investigation of our working hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Goldstein Ferber
- Department of Psychology and Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5317000, Israel
| | - Gal Shoval
- Department of Psychiatry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department of Neuroscience, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
| | - Gil Zalsman
- Department of Psychiatry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Aron Weller
- Department of Psychology and Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5317000, Israel
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218
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Gémes K, Bergström J, Papola D, Barbui C, Lam AIF, Hall BJ, Seedat S, Morina N, Quero S, Campos D, Pinucci I, Tarsitani L, Deguen S, van der Waerden J, Patanè M, Sijbrandij M, Acartürk C, Burchert S, Bryant RA, Mittendorfer-Rutz E. Symptoms of anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in six European countries and Australia - Differences by prior mental disorders and migration status. J Affect Disord 2022; 311:214-223. [PMID: 35598751 PMCID: PMC9119165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about changes of mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in potentially disadvantaged groups. We investigated changes in anxiety and depression symptoms during the first year of the pandemic in six European countries and Australia by prior mental disorders and migration status. METHODS Overall, 4674 adults answered a web-based survey in May-June 2020 and were followed by three repeated surveys up to February 2021. Information on psychosocial, financial and demographic, living conditions, prior mental disorders, depression and anxiety symptoms during the pandemic and migration status was collected. Weighted general estimation equations modelling was used to investigate the association between prior mental disorders, migration status, and symptoms over time. RESULTS Most participants were <40 years old (48%), women (78%) and highly educated (62%). The baseline prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms ranged between 19%-45% and 13%-35%, respectively. In most countries, prevalence rates remained unchanged throughout the pandemic and were higher among people with prior mental disorders than without even after adjustment for several factors. We observed interactions between previous mental disorders and symptoms of anxiety or depression over time in two countries. No difference by migration status was noted. LIMITATIONS Convenience sampling limits generalizability. Self-assessed symptoms of depression and anxiety might involve some misclassification. CONCLUSIONS Depression and anxiety symptoms were worse among individuals with prior mental disorders than without, but there was no clear trend of worsening mental health in the observed groups during the observed period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Gémes
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jakob Bergström
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Davide Papola
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Corrado Barbui
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Agnes Iok Fong Lam
- Centre for Macau Studies, University of Macau, Macao (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - Brian J Hall
- Center for Global Health Equity, New York University (Shanghai), Shanghai, People Republic of China; School of Public Health, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Naser Morina
- Department of Consultation-Liason Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Soledad Quero
- Department of Basic, Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Campos
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IISAragon), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Irene Pinucci
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical, Neuro-, and Developmental Psychology, WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Tarsitani
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Séverine Deguen
- INSERM U1136, Sorbonne Université, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Social Epidemiology Research Team, Paris, France; EHESP School of Public Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rennes, France
| | - Judith van der Waerden
- INSERM U1136, Sorbonne Université, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Social Epidemiology Research Team, Paris, France
| | - Martina Patanè
- Department of Clinical, Neuro-, and Developmental Psychology, WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marit Sijbrandij
- Department of Clinical, Neuro-, and Developmental Psychology, WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ceren Acartürk
- Department of Psychology, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sebastian Burchert
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kaspersen SL, Kalseth J, Stene-Larsen K, Reneflot A. Use of Health Services and Support Resources by Immediate Family Members Bereaved by Suicide: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10016. [PMID: 36011651 PMCID: PMC9408753 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge on health service use, systematic follow-up, and support for families bereaved by suicide remains scarce. This scoping review includes studies from 2010 to March 2022 that investigate the follow-up and support offered by health services, peer support services, and other resources available (e.g., internet-based resources) for families bereaved by suicide. We followed the scoping review framework provided by the Johanna Briggs Institute and performed a double-blinded screening process using Covidence. Data were extracted by four researchers and a thematic analysis was performed to summarize the results. The PRISMA Extension for Scoping reviews was used for reporting results. Of 2385 studies screened by title, 190 by abstract, and 93 by full-text reading, we included 63 original articles of which 24, 29 and 10 were quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-methods studies, respectively. The review shows that we have some knowledge about the need for, and experiences with, health services and support resources for immediate family members bereaved by suicide, but a lack of knowledge about their help-seeking behaviour, patient pathways, systematic follow-up, coordination between services, and long-term outcomes. We need more longitudinal observational studies of health service use and patient trajectories for people bereaved by suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silje L. Kaspersen
- Department of Health Research, SINTEF Digital, Pb. 4760 Torgarden, 7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jorid Kalseth
- Department of Health Research, SINTEF Digital, Pb. 4760 Torgarden, 7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kim Stene-Larsen
- Department of Mental Health and Suicide, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Reneflot
- Department of Mental Health and Suicide, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456 Oslo, Norway
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Borges G, Garcia JA, Sinyor M, Spittal MJ, Lopez-Arellano O, Pirkis J. Suicide after and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico City. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2022; 44. [PMCID: PMC9375671 DOI: 10.47626/1516-4446-2022-2501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Prior research has indicated that no increase in suicides occurred immediately following the declaration of the COVID-19 emergency in Mexico City. Here we examine longer-term overall suicide trends and trends according to basic demographic groups. Methods: We used interrupted time-series analysis to model trends in monthly suicides before COVID-19 (January 1, 2010 to March 31, 2020), comparing the expected number of suicides both overall and according to age and sex with the observed number of suicides for the remainder of 2020 (April 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020). Results: There was an overall increase in suicides during the first 9 months of the pandemic, with a rate ratio of 2.07 (1.86-2.31). The increase began in the early months of the pandemic and remained stable and high after June 2020. Men and women, younger people (< 45) and older people (≥ 45) were affected. The increase was especially high among older women (RR = 3.33; 2.04-5.15). Conclusions: The increase in suicides in Mexico City is worrying and highlights the need to strengthen economic development, mental health, and well-being programs. Suicides among older women should be closely monitored. There is an urgent need to expand primary health care services to include robust suicide prevention and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Borges
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramon de la Fuente, Mexico City, Mexico,Correspondence: Guilherme Borges, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada Mexico Xochimilco 101, CP 14370, Mexico City, Mexico. E-mail:
| | | | - Mark Sinyor
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Matthew J. Spittal
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Jane Pirkis
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Benavente-Fernández A, Gutiérrez-Rojas L, Torres-Parejo Ú, Parejo Morón AI, Fernández Ontiveros S, Vinuesa García D, González-Domenech P, Laínez Ramos-Bossini AJ. Psychological Impact and Risk of Suicide in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients, During the Initial Stage of the Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Patient Saf 2022; 18:499-506. [PMID: 35041358 PMCID: PMC9328938 DOI: 10.1097/pts.0000000000000974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the psychological impact and risk of suicide in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on a representative sample of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 at the "San Cecilio" University Hospital (Granada, Spain) between March and May 2020. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected. All participants were evaluated using the Gijon's Social-Familial Evaluation Scale to assess social problems, the Impact of Event Scale-6 and the Hospital Anxiety-Depression Scale to assess psychological impact, the Columbia Suicide Severity and Beck Hopelessness scales to assess risk of suicide, and the List of Threatening Experiences questionnaire to control for confounding bias. RESULTS Thirty-six COVID-19 patients were evaluated. Of them, 33.3% had a significant psychological impact; 13.9% showed symptoms of anxiety, 13.9% showed symptoms of depression, and 47.2% showed symptoms of anxiety-depression. Moderate and severe risk of suicide were found in 75% and 2.8% of the patients, respectively. Suicidal ideation was observed in 16.7% and suicide behaviors in 5.6% of the patients. Psychological impact was associated with previous psychological treatment, a greater degree of functional dependency, and increased social-familial risk. In addition, the risk of suicide was mainly associated with active treatment of a psychiatric illness and active smoking. No significant correlation was found between psychological impact and risk of suicide. CONCLUSIONS Psychological impact and risk of suicide were significant in patients admitted for COVID-19. Although the risk of suicide was not associated with increased psychological impact, both should be assessed, especially in patients at higher risk based on significantly associated factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Gutiérrez-Rojas
- Department of Psychiatry
- CTS-549 Research Group, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Granada
- Psychiatry Service, San Cecilio University Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | - Pablo González-Domenech
- Department of Psychiatry
- CTS-549 Research Group, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Granada
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Akeman E, Cannon MJ, Kirlic N, Cosgrove KT, DeVille DC, McDermott TJ, White EJ, Cohen ZP, Forthman KL, Paulus MP, Aupperle RL. Active coping strategies and less pre-pandemic alcohol use relate to college student mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychol 2022; 13:926697. [PMID: 35978795 PMCID: PMC9376611 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.926697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To further delineate risk and resilience factors contributing to trajectories of mental health symptoms experienced by college students through the pandemic. Participants n = 183 college students (67.2% female). Methods Linear mixed models examined time effects on depression and anxiety. Propensity-matched subgroups exhibiting "increased" versus "low and stable" depression symptoms from before to after the pandemic-onset were compared on pre-pandemic demographic and psychological factors and COVID-related experiences and coping strategies. Results Students experienced worsening of mental health symptoms throughout the pandemic, particularly during Fall 2020 compared with Fall 2019 (Depression scale d = -0.43 [95% CI: -0.65 to -0.21]). The propensity-matched subgroup exhibiting relative resilience ("low and stable" symptoms) reported less alcohol use prior to the pandemic, greater use of active coping strategies, and less of an impact on their college progress. Conclusions Results point to several potential targets of screening and intervention to decrease residual impacts of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Namik Kirlic
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
- School of Community Medicine, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Kelly T. Cosgrove
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
- Department of Psychology, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Danielle C. DeVille
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
- Department of Psychology, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Timothy J. McDermott
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
- Department of Psychology, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Evan J. White
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
- School of Community Medicine, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Zsofia P. Cohen
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - K. L. Forthman
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Martin P. Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
- School of Community Medicine, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Robin L. Aupperle
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
- School of Community Medicine, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
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Abstract
Deaths of despair, morbidity and emotional distress continue to rise in the US, largely borne by those without a college degree, the majority of American adults, for many of whom the economy and society are no longer delivering. Concurrently, all-cause mortality in the US is diverging by education in a way not seen in other rich countries. We review the rising prevalence of pain, despair, and suicide among those without a BA. Pain and despair created a baseline demand for opioids, but the escalation of addiction came from pharma and its political enablers. We examine the "politics of despair," how less-educated people have abandoned and been abandoned by the Democratic Party. While healthier states once voted Republican in presidential elections, now the less-healthy states do. We review deaths during COVID, finding mortality in 2020 replicated existing relative mortality differences between those with and without college degrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Case
- School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Angus Deaton
- School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
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Orellana JDY, de Souza MLP. Excess suicides in Brazil: Inequalities according to age groups and regions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2022; 68:997-1009. [PMID: 35621004 DOI: 10.1177/00207640221097826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has already claimed more than six million direct deaths. Low-and middle-income countries, such Brazil, were severely hit, not only due to direct effects on mortality, but also for its indirect effects on other causes of deaths. AIMS The objective of this study was to estimate the excess suicides in Brazil and evaluate patterns within and between its regions during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. METHOD The observed suicides are gathered from the mortality information system of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The estimates of expected suicides, according to sex, age group, bimonthly period and region, were reached through quasi-Poisson generalized additive models, with adjustment for overdispersion. The analyses were performed in R software, version 3.6.1 and RStudio, version 1.2.1335. RESULTS From March 2020 to December 2020, 10,409 suicides were observed in Brazil, resulting in an overall decrease of 13%, in comparison to the expected rate for the period. There were excess suicides of 26% in men from the Northern region in the 60 years and more age group, as well as in women from the Northern region in the 30 to 59 years age group in two consecutive bimonthly periods. Excess suicides of 40% was also observed in women in the 60 years and more age group from the Northeastern region. CONCLUSIONS Despite the overall decrease in suicides in Brazil over the period assessed, substantial excess suicides were observed in different age groups and sexes from the Northern and Northeastern regions of the country, which are regions that are historically more prone to health and socioeconomic inequalities.
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225
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Duarte F, Jiménez-Molina Á. Suicide and quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic: Do we know everything? Soc Sci Med 2022; 309:115253. [PMID: 35961215 PMCID: PMC9356570 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background There is widespread concern over the impact of COVID-19 and lockdown measures on suicidal behaviour. We assessed their effects on suicide and hospitalization for attempted suicide during the initial phase of the pandemic in Chile. Methods We used panel data at the county and month level from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020 on suicides and related hospitalizations and a pandemic quarantine dataset. Poisson regression models and a difference-in-difference (DiD) methodology was used to estimate the impact of quarantine on both measures. Findings Suicide and hospitalizations for attempted suicide decreased (18% and 5.8%, respectively) during the COVID-19 outbreak in Chile (March–December 2020) compared to the same period in 2016–2019. The DiD analysis showed that there was at least a 13.2% reduction in suicides in quarantined counties relative to counties without such restrictions. This reduction was in male suicides and unaffected by age. There was no significant difference between quarantined and non-quarantined counties in terms of hospitalization for suicide attempts. Conclusions This study shows a significant quarantine effect on reducing suicide during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile. Changes in the number of hospitalizations for suicide attempts do not explain the differences between quarantined and non-quarantined counties.
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Mental Health Consequences of COVID-19 Pandemic Period in the European Population: An Institutional Challenge. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159347. [PMID: 35954706 PMCID: PMC9367746 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide spread of SARS-CoV-2 has been responsible for an infectious pandemic, with repercussions on socio-economic aspects and on the physical and mental health of the general population. The present systematic review aimed to evaluate the data belonging to the European framework, analyzing the population by age group. Original articles and reviews on the state of mental health of the general European population have been researched starting from 2021. Initially, a total of 1764 studies were found, among which a total of 75 were selected. Youth were the age group most affected by pandemic consequences on mental health, with emotional and behavioral alterations observed from a third to more than a half of children and adolescents examined. Among both adolescents and adults, the female gender had a higher prevalence of psychopathological symptoms. The main risk factors were poor social support, economic difficulties, and, in particular, unemployment or job changes. Additional individual risk factors were the perception of loneliness, the presence of pre-pandemic mental illness/distress, and some personality traits, such as neuroticism, impulsiveness, and the use of maladaptive coping strategies. Unexpectedly, the elderly maintained good resilience towards change, even if a stress factor was represented by the feeling of loneliness and poor social contact. As regards suicidal behaviors, among adolescents, there was an increase in attempts of 25%, with a greater risk for the female gender. This risk increased also among adults, in association with symptoms of anxiety and depression, and poor socio-environmental conditions. In conclusion, some population groups were found to be at greater risk of psychological burden during pandemic waves, thus representing priority targets for socio-health interventions.
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Suicide and Attempted Suicide in Poland before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic between 2019 and 2021. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19158968. [PMID: 35897339 PMCID: PMC9330924 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19158968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is related to changes in rates of suicide and suicide attempts in many countries, and some differences have been observed regarding the prevalence of suicidal behaviours in different age and gender groups. The aim of this study is to analyse the number of suicides and suicide attempts per 100,000 people between 2019 and 2021 in Poland. Using police and government data on suicide and suicide attempts in Poland, three age categories were investigated: 13–24 years old, 25–65 years old, and above 65 years old, and the analysis encompassed the whole population and the populations of men and women separately. Study results indicated an increase in suicide attempts in the two younger age categories (aged 7–24 years and 25–65 years) between 2021 and 2019–2020. There was an increase in suicide among women in all age categories during the study period, whilst no increase was observed in suicide in men in any age group. The differences in the prevalence of suicide and attempted suicide in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic in different age and gender groups indicate the need for tailored suicide prevention activities.
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228
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de Mello AJ, Moretti M, Rodrigues ALS. SARS-CoV-2 consequences for mental health: Neuroinflammatory pathways linking COVID-19 to anxiety and depression. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:874-883. [PMID: 36051596 PMCID: PMC9331446 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i7.874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been linked to an increased prevalence of mental health disorders, particularly anxiety and depression. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused stress in people worldwide due to several factors, including fear of infection; social isolation; difficulty in adapting to new routines; lack of coping methods; high exposure to social media, misinformation, and fake reports; economic impact of the measures implemented to slow the contagion and concerns regarding the disease pathogenesis. COVID-19 patients have elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, and other inflammation-related factors. Furthermore, invasion of the central nervous system by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may potentially contribute to neuroinflammatory alterations in infected individuals. Neuroinflammation, a consequence of psychological stress due to the COVID-19 pandemic, may also play a role in the development of anxiety and depressive symptoms in the general population. Considering that neuroinflammation plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of depression and anxiety, this study investigated the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on mental health and focused on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the neuroinflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Julie de Mello
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-200, Brazil
| | - Morgana Moretti
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-200, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia S Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-200, Brazil
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Perry SW, Rainey JC, Allison S, Bastiampillai T, Wong ML, Licinio J, Sharfstein SS, Wilcox HC. Achieving health equity in US suicides: a narrative review and commentary. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1360. [PMID: 35840968 PMCID: PMC9284959 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13596-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicide rates in the United States (US) reached a peak in 2018 and declined in 2019 and 2020, with substantial and often growing disparities by age, sex, race/ethnicity, geography, veteran status, sexual minority status, socioeconomic status, and method employed (means disparity). In this narrative review and commentary, we highlight these many disparities in US suicide deaths, then examine the possible causes and potential solutions, with the overarching goal of reducing suicide death disparities to achieve health equity.The data implicate untreated, undertreated, or unidentified depression or other mental illness, and access to firearms, as two modifiable risk factors for suicide across all groups. The data also reveal firearm suicides increasing sharply and linearly with increasing county rurality, while suicide rates by falls (e.g., from tall structures) decrease linearly by increasing rurality, and suicide rates by other means remain fairly constant regardless of relative county urbanization. In addition, for all geographies, gun suicides are significantly higher in males than females, and highest in ages 51-85 + years old for both sexes. Of all US suicides from 1999-2019, 55% of male suicides and 29% of female suicides were by gun in metropolitan (metro) areas, versus 65% (Male) and 42% (Female) suicides by gun in non-metro areas. Guns accounted for 89% of suicides in non-metro males aged 71-85 + years old. Guns (i.e., employment of more lethal means) are also thought to be a major reason why males have, on average, 2-4 times higher suicide rates than women, despite having only 1/4-1/2 as many suicide attempts as women. Overall the literature and data strongly implicate firearm access as a risk factor for suicide across all populations, and even more so for male, rural, and older populations.To achieve the most significant results in suicide prevention across all groups, we need 1) more emphasis on policies and universal programs to reduce suicidal behaviors, and 2) enhanced population-based strategies for ameliorating the two most prominent modifiable targets for suicide prevention: depression and firearms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth W Perry
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, College of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
| | - Jacob C Rainey
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen Allison
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tarun Bastiampillai
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- Mind and Brain Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Ma-Li Wong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, College of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Julio Licinio
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, College of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Steven S Sharfstein
- Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Holly C Wilcox
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Borges G, Garcia JA, Pirkis J, Spittal MJ, Gunnell D, Sinyor M, John A. A state level analyses of suicide and the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:460. [PMID: 35810285 PMCID: PMC9271255 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While suicide rates in high- and middle-income countries appeared stable in the early stages of the pandemic, we know little about within-country variations. We sought to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on suicide in Mexico's 32 states and to identify factors that may have contributed to observed variations between states. METHODS Interrupted time-series analysis to model the trend in monthly suicides before COVID-19 (from Jan 1, 2010, to March 31, 2020), comparing the expected number of suicides derived from the model with the observed number for the remainder of the year (April 1 to December 31, 2020) for each of Mexico's 32 states. Next, we modeled state-level trends using linear regression to study likely contributing factors at ecological level. RESULTS Suicide increased slightly across Mexico during the first nine months of the pandemic (RR 1.03; 95%CI 1.01-1.05). Suicides remained stable in 19 states, increase in seven states (RR range: 1.12-2.04) and a decrease in six states (RR range: 0.46-0.88). Suicide RR at the state level was positively associated with population density in 2020 and state level suicide death rate in 2019. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic had a differential effect on suicide death within the 32 states of Mexico. Higher population density and higher suicide rates in 2019 were associated with increased suicide. As the country struggles to cope with the ongoing pandemic, efforts to improve access to primary care and mental health care services (including suicide crisis intervention services) in these settings should be given priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Borges
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramon de La Fuente Muñiz, Calzada Mexico Xochimilco 101, 14370, Mexico City, CP, Mexico.
| | - J A Garcia
- Centro de Investigación Y Docencia Económicas (CIDE), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Pirkis
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - M J Spittal
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - D Gunnell
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Bristol, UK
- National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - M Sinyor
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - A John
- Population Psychiatry, Suicide and Informatics, Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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Torres-Cantero AM, Álvarez León EE, Morán-Sánchez I, San Lázaro Campillo I, Bernal Morell E, Hernández Pereña M, Martínez-Morata I. [Health impact of COVID pandemic. SESPAS Report 2022]. GACETA SANITARIA 2022; 36 Suppl 1:S4-S12. [PMID: 35781147 PMCID: PMC9244867 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objetivo Presentar, a los 22 meses de que la Organización Mundial de la Salud declarara como pandemia la infección global por SARS-CoV-2 el 11 de marzo de 2020, el impacto hasta el momento de la pandemia en términos de salud física y mental. Método Se han revisado resultados procedentes de metaanálisis y revisiones sistemáticas, citándose para algún aspecto específico de interés artículos individuales. La información nacional procede de la Red Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica (RENAVE). Resultados Hasta finales de octubre se habían producido más de 250 millones de infecciones y 5 millones de muertes. En España se han notificado 4,7 millones de infecciones, aunque la cifra real es superior a los 7 millones. Se ha reducido la esperanza de vida, con efectos especialmente dramáticos en grupos de población con comorbilidad y de edad avanzada. Se constata un empeoramiento de la salud mental general. Es previsible que algunos colectivos, como los/las profesionales sanitarios/as, en su mayoría mujeres, y trabajadores/as de primera línea, tengan un mayor riesgo de desarrollar patologías de salud mental en el futuro. La pandemia y las medidas de control han tenido otras consecuencias indeseables, como la disminución de la actividad asistencial, el aumento del sedentarismo y el aumento de la violencia de género. Conclusiones Son necesarios estudios longitudinales para determinar la magnitud de las consecuencias de la propia infección y de las medidas de control y las actuaciones necesarias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Manuel Torres-Cantero
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, España; Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, España; Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, España.
| | - Eva Elisa Álvarez León
- Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil, Servicio Canario de la Salud, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, España
| | - Inés Morán-Sánchez
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, España; CSM Cartagena, Servicio Murciano de Salud, Cartagena (Murcia), España
| | - Indra San Lázaro Campillo
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, España; Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, España
| | - Enrique Bernal Morell
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, España; Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, España; Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía, Murcia, España
| | - Marcos Hernández Pereña
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, España; Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, España
| | - Irene Martínez-Morata
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, España; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
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Dal Santo T, Sun Y, Wu Y, He C, Wang Y, Jiang X, Li K, Bonardi O, Krishnan A, Boruff JT, Rice DB, Markham S, Levis B, Azar M, Neupane D, Tasleem A, Yao A, Thombs-Vite I, Agic B, Fahim C, Martin MS, Sockalingam S, Turecki G, Benedetti A, Thombs BD. Systematic review of mental health symptom changes by sex or gender in early-COVID-19 compared to pre-pandemic. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11417. [PMID: 35794116 PMCID: PMC9258011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14746-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Women and gender-diverse individuals have faced disproportionate socioeconomic burden during COVID-19. There have been reports of greater negative mental health changes compared to men based on cross-sectional research that has not accounted for pre-COVID-19 differences. We compared mental health changes from pre-COVID-19 to during COVID-19 by sex or gender. MEDLINE (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), EMBASE (Ovid), Web of Science Core Collection: Citation Indexes, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, medRxiv (preprints), and Open Science Framework Preprints (preprint server aggregator) were searched to August 30, 2021. Eligible studies included mental health symptom change data by sex or gender. 12 studies (10 unique cohorts) were included, all of which reported dichotomized sex or gender data. 9 cohorts reported results from March to June 2020, and 2 of these also reported on September or November to December 2020. One cohort included data pre-November 2020 data but did not provide dates. Continuous symptom change differences were not statistically significant for depression (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.12, 95% CI -0.09-0.33; 4 studies, 4,475 participants; I2 = 69.0%) and stress (SMD = - 0.10, 95% CI -0.21-0.01; 4 studies, 1,533 participants; I2 = 0.0%), but anxiety (SMD = 0.15, 95% CI 0.07-0.22; 4 studies, 4,344 participants; I2 = 3.0%) and general mental health (SMD = 0.15, 95% CI 0.12-0.18; 3 studies, 15,692 participants; I2 = 0.0%) worsened more among females/women than males/men. There were no significant differences in changes in proportions above cut-offs: anxiety (difference = - 0.05, 95% CI - 0.20-0.11; 1 study, 217 participants), depression (difference = 0.12, 95% CI -0.03-0.28; 1 study, 217 participants), general mental health (difference = - 0.03, 95% CI - 0.09-0.04; 3 studies, 18,985 participants; I2 = 94.0%), stress (difference = 0.04, 95% CI - 0.10-0.17; 1 study, 217 participants). Mental health outcomes did not differ or were worse by small amounts among women than men during early COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Dal Santo
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Ste-Catherine, Pavilion H4.83, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Ying Sun
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Ste-Catherine, Pavilion H4.83, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Yin Wu
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Ste-Catherine, Pavilion H4.83, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Chen He
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Ste-Catherine, Pavilion H4.83, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Yutong Wang
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Ste-Catherine, Pavilion H4.83, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Xiaowen Jiang
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Ste-Catherine, Pavilion H4.83, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Kexin Li
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Ste-Catherine, Pavilion H4.83, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Olivia Bonardi
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Ste-Catherine, Pavilion H4.83, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Ankur Krishnan
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Ste-Catherine, Pavilion H4.83, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Jill T Boruff
- Schulich Library of Physical Sciences, Life Sciences, and Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Danielle B Rice
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Ste-Catherine, Pavilion H4.83, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sarah Markham
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Brooke Levis
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Ste-Catherine, Pavilion H4.83, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Marleine Azar
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Ste-Catherine, Pavilion H4.83, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Dipika Neupane
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Ste-Catherine, Pavilion H4.83, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Amina Tasleem
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Ste-Catherine, Pavilion H4.83, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Anneke Yao
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Ste-Catherine, Pavilion H4.83, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Ian Thombs-Vite
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Ste-Catherine, Pavilion H4.83, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Branka Agic
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christine Fahim
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael S Martin
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Correctional Service of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sanjeev Sockalingam
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrea Benedetti
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Brett D Thombs
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Ste-Catherine, Pavilion H4.83, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Biomedical Ethics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Mathieu S, Treloar A, Hawgood J, Ross V, Kõlves K. The Role of Unemployment, Financial Hardship, and Economic Recession on Suicidal Behaviors and Interventions to Mitigate Their Impact: A Review. Front Public Health 2022; 10:907052. [PMID: 35875017 PMCID: PMC9298506 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.907052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the social determinants and risk factors for suicidal behaviors underlies the development of effective suicide prevention interventions. This review focused on recently published literature (2010 onwards), with the aim to determine the role of economic factors (at the individual and population level) on suicidal behaviors and ideation as well as the effectiveness of interventions addressing these factors in reducing suicidal behaviors and ideation. Where available, literature examining the economic impact of COVID-19 was highlighted. Economic recession and unemployment are associated with increased risk of suicidal behavior at the population and individual level. Additionally, personal financial problems such as debt and financial strain are associated with increased risk of suicidal behavior and ideation at the individual level. Regarding interventions, unemployment benefits, employment protection legislation, higher minimum wage and active labor market programs may reduce suicide at the population level. However, it is not clear what impact they have at the individual level, nor in relation to suicide attempts, self-harm, or suicidal ideation. There was a lack of evidence as to the effectiveness of financially focused suicide prevention interventions at either level. Current findings were contextualized within, and advance, prominent social theoretical models. Recommendations focused on future areas of research, including the unfolding economic impact of COVID-19, as well as the co-design and evaluation of tailored interventions and/or gatekeeper training for those in the financial and welfare sector, and enhanced early education aimed at increasing financial literacy in young people before onset or exacerbation of financial hardship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kairi Kõlves
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention and WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Impact of COVID-19 on the social relationships and mental health of older adults living alone: A two-year prospective cohort study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270260. [PMID: 35793334 PMCID: PMC9258855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Owing to the COVID-19 outbreak, older adults living alone, who can only connect socially outside their homes, are at risk of social isolation and poor mental health. This study aimed to identify the changes, before and after COVID-19, by sex and age, in social relationships (social activity, social network, and social support) and mental health (depression and suicide ideation) among older adults living alone.
Methods
This is a prospective cohort study of community-dwelling older adults who were at least 65 years old and living alone in South Korea. The study was conducted during 2018–2020 with 2,291 participants (795, 771, and 725 for the 1st to 3rd waves, respectively). The data were collected via face-to-face interviews. A generalized linear mixed modeling framework was used to test for changes over three years.
Results
Social activity was reduced after the COVID-19, with an interaction effect of sex: older women (odds ratio [OR], 0.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15–0.23; p < .001) showed greater reduction than older men (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.34–0.75; p < .001). Interaction with neighbors also reduced after the pandemic, but there was no significant evidence of interaction effects. Interaction with family members increased in both sexes during the pandemic, with the interaction effect of sex: older women (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.11–1.76; p = .004) showed greater increase than men (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.13–2.14; p = .007). Social support increased in both sexes during the pandemic, but there was no significant evidence of interaction effects. Depression and suicide ideation showed no significant differences before and after the pandemic.
Conclusions
The findings provide health administrators and health providers with explorative insights into the impact of the COVID-19 on social relationships and mental health among older adults living alone and can guide further studies of interventions considering specific properties of social relationships.
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Sorokin MY, Kasyanov ED, Rukavishnikov GV, Khobeysh MA, Makarevich OV, Neznanov NG, Maximova TG, Verzilin DN, Lutova NB, Mazo GE. Determinants of Stress Levels and Behavioral Reactions in Individuals With Affective or Anxiety Disorders During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Russia. FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2022; 7:870421. [PMID: 35865268 PMCID: PMC9295748 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2022.870421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Individuals with affective and anxiety disorders are among those most vulnerable to the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. AIM This study aims to analyze the determinants of stress levels and protective behavioral strategies associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in Russian-speaking people with affective or anxiety disorders (AADs). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional online survey, the psychological distress and behavioral patterns of respondents with self-reported AAD (n = 1,375) and without disorders (n = 4,278) were evaluated during three periods of restrictive measures in Russia (March-May 2020). Distress levels were verified using the Psychological Stress Measure (PSM-25). RESULTS Stress levels among respondents with AAD were higher at all study periods than for those with no mental disorder (Cohen's d 0.8-1.6). The stress level increased (Cohen's d = 0.4) in adolescents (16-18 years) with AAD and remained the same in those without disorders; in youths (19-24 years) with and without disorders, an increase (Cohen's d = 0.3) and a decrease (Cohen's d = 0.3) in the stress were observed, correspondingly; the stress in adults (25-44 years) with disorders did not change and decreased in those without disorders (Cohen's d = 0.4). Individuals with bipolar disorders demonstrated lower stress than individuals with depressive (Cohen's d = 0.15) and anxiety disorders (Cohen's d = 0.27). Respondents with depressive and bipolar disorders employed fewer protective measures simultaneously and were less likely to search for information about COVID-19. CONCLUSION The presence of affective or anxiety disorders is associated with a more acute response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Apparently, the type of mental disorder influenced stress levels and protective behavior patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Yu Sorokin
- Department of Integrative Pharmaco-Psychotherapy of Patients With Mental Disorders, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeny D. Kasyanov
- Department of Translational Psychiatry, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Grigory V. Rukavishnikov
- Department of Translational Psychiatry, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria A. Khobeysh
- Department of Integrative Pharmaco-Psychotherapy of Patients With Mental Disorders, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga V. Makarevich
- Department of Integrative Pharmaco-Psychotherapy of Patients With Mental Disorders, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolay G. Neznanov
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictions, I.P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatyana G. Maximova
- Faculty of Infocommunication Technologies, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry N. Verzilin
- St. Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Management and Economy of Sports, Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia B. Lutova
- Department of Integrative Pharmaco-Psychotherapy of Patients With Mental Disorders, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Galina E. Mazo
- Department of Translational Psychiatry, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Syunyakov T, Pavlichenko A, Morozov P, Fedotov I, Filatova V, Gayduk A, Ignatenko Y, Spikina A, Yashikhina A, Patsali M, Fountoulakis K, Smirnova D. Modeling Suicidality Risks and Understanding the Phenomenon of Suicidality Under the Loupe of Pandemic Context: National Findings of the COMET-G Study in the Russian Population. CONSORTIUM PSYCHIATRICUM 2022; 3:15-36. [PMID: 39045116 PMCID: PMC11262110 DOI: 10.17816/cp167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidality is a complex clinical phenomenon reflecting vulnerability to suicidal behavior which can be explained via the biopsychosocial paradigm and in relationship with a variety of country-specific factors. Data on suicides within the Russian population are inconsistent (from 11.7 up to 25.1 per 100.000), whereas the population's suicidality risks have not been investigated in detail. Suicidality estimates during the multifactorial influence of the COVID-19 pandemic could serve as a basis to learn more about this mental health indicator. METHODS The current study is a part of the COMET-G international project (40 countries, n=55.589), which represents an analysis of data collected from Russia's general population (n=7714, 33±12 y.o., 61% female) to estimate suicidality using the Risk Assessment Suicidality Scale (RASS) and its relationships with socio-demographic, clinical, and life-habit characteristics during the COVID-19 pandemic. The evaluation of the statistical data (descriptive statistics, ANOVA, LASSO linear regression, significant at α=0.05) was undertaken using TIBCO Statistica. RESULTS According to the RASS, at least 20.68%, and up to 29.15%, of the general population in Russia demonstrated increased risk of suicidality during the pandemic. Modelling these risks pointed to the key vulnerabilities related to mental and behavioral disorders, such as (i) current severe depression and a history of mental disorders, (ii) bipolar disorder, (iii) use of illicit drugs surprisingly outranking the alcohol misuse, and psychiatric compounds (hypnotics), highlighting sleep quality deterioration, (iv) a history of suicide attempts and self-harm - though not self-reported changes in depression - in response were predictors of the risk of suicidality, which can be explained by the phenomenon of "learned suicidality", a habitual behavioral suicidality pattern completion accumulated over the background. Such (v) socio-demographic indicators as younger age (disregarding the gender factor), a marital status of single, having no children, living with fewer people in the household, a recent increase in family conflicts, increased need for emotional support, decreased need for communication, and not believing in precautionary measures against COVID-19, contributed to the increase of suicidality risk in the context of the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study revealed new suicide risk factors that should be taken into account in suicidality risk assessments for the Russian population and in the implementation of suicide prevention programs in the region.
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Reif-Leonhard C, Lemke D, Holz F, Ahrens KF, Fehr C, Steffens M, Grube M, Freitag CM, Kölzer SC, Schlitt S, Gebhardt R, Gädeke T, Schmidt H, Gerlach FM, Wolff K, Stäblein M, Hauschild N, Beig I, Wagner L, Müller J, Verhoff MA, Schlang C, Reif A. Changes in the pattern of suicides and suicide attempt admissions in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 273:357-365. [PMID: 35786770 PMCID: PMC9252546 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01448-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The consequences of the current COVID-19 pandemic for mental health remain unclear, especially regarding the effects on suicidal behaviors. To assess changes in the pattern of suicide attempt (SA) admissions and completed suicides (CS) in association with the COVID-19 pandemic. As part of a longitudinal study, SA admissions and CS are systematically documented and analyzed in all psychiatric hospitals in Frankfurt/Main (765.000 inhabitants). Number, sociodemographic factors, diagnoses and methods of SA and CS were compared between the periods of March-December 2019 and March-December 2020. The number of CS did not change, while the number of SA significantly decreased. Age, sex, occupational status, and psychiatric diagnoses did not change in SA, whereas the percentage of patients living alone while attempting suicide increased. The rate and number of intoxications as a SA method increased and more people attempted suicide in their own home, which was not observed in CS. Such a shift from public places to home is supported by the weekday of SA, as the rate of SA on weekends was significantly lower during the pandemic, likely because of lockdown measures. Only admissions to psychiatric hospitals were recorded, but not to other institutions. As it seems unlikely that the number of SA decreased while the number of CS remained unchanged, it is conceivable that the number of unreported SA cases increased during the pandemic. Our data suggest that a higher number of SA remained unnoticed during the pandemic because of their location and the use of methods associated with lower lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Reif-Leonhard
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt-Goethe University Frankfurt, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Dorothea Lemke
- Institute of General Practice, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Franziska Holz
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt-Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kira F. Ahrens
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt-Goethe University Frankfurt, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christoph Fehr
- Vitos Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie Hadamar, Hadamar, Germany ,Department of Psychiatry, Agaplesion Markus Krankenhaus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Markus Steffens
- Klinik Hohe Mark, Frankfurt am Main, Germany ,Catholic University of Applied Sciences Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Grube
- Department of Psychiatry, Städtisches Klinikum Frankfurt-Hoechst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christine M. Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt-Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sarah C. Kölzer
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt-Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sabine Schlitt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt-Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rebekka Gebhardt
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt-Goethe University Frankfurt, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Theresa Gädeke
- Klinik Hohe Mark, Frankfurt am Main, Germany ,Catholic University of Applied Sciences Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Helga Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry, Städtisches Klinikum Frankfurt-Hoechst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ferdinand M. Gerlach
- Institute of General Practice, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kira Wolff
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt-Goethe University Frankfurt, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Stäblein
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt-Goethe University Frankfurt, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nora Hauschild
- Gesundheitsamt Frankfurt Am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Inga Beig
- Gesundheitsamt Frankfurt Am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Louisa Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry, Agaplesion Markus Krankenhaus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Juliane Müller
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt-Goethe University Frankfurt, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marcel A. Verhoff
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt-Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christiane Schlang
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt-Goethe University Frankfurt, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany ,Gesundheitsamt Frankfurt Am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt-Goethe University Frankfurt, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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238
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Shoib S, Chandradasa M, Saeed F, Armiya’u AY, Roza TH, Ori D, Jakhar J, Rodrigues-Silva N, Banerjee D. Suicide, Stigma and COVID-19: A Call for Action From Low and Middle Income Countries. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:894524. [PMID: 35845441 PMCID: PMC9283681 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.894524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicide is a global health issue that needs to be addressed. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an increased mental health burden. Stigma has obstructed efforts to prevent suicide as individuals who need urgent support do not seek appropriate help. The influence of stigma is likely to grow in tandem with the COVID-19 pandemic. The stigmatization of persons with mental illnesses is widespread worldwide, and it has substantial effects on both the individual and society. Our viewpoints aim to address the probable link between stigma and suicide in the wake of the current pandemic and propose ideas for reducing suicide-related stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Shoib
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawahar Lal Nehru Memorial Hospital, Kashmir, India
| | | | - Fahimeh Saeed
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosis Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aishatu Yusha’u Armiya’u
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medical Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria
| | - Thiago Henrique Roza
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Dorottya Ori
- Department of Mental Health, Heim Pal National Pediatric Institute, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Nuno Rodrigues-Silva
- Mental Health Unit, Hospital School of the University Fernando Pessoa, Gondomar, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Debanjan Banerjee
- Consultant Geriatric Psychiatrist, APOLLO Multispecialty Hospitals, Kolkata, India
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239
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Okada M, Matsumoto R, Motomura E, Shiroyama T, Murata M. Exploring characteristics of increased suicide during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan using provisional governmental data. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2022; 24:100481. [PMID: 35664440 PMCID: PMC9160839 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Background The Japanese age-standardised death rate of suicide (SDR) had decreased during 2009-2019, but increased in 2020-2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This study aimed to explain the trend change in the SDR during the pandemic, disaggregated by prefecture, gender, suicide method and household, as compared to predicted SDR derived from pre-pandemic data, using linear mixed-effect and hierarchical linear regression models with robust standard error analyses. Findings The SDR was lower during March-June 2020 (during the first wave of the pandemic), but higher during July-December 2020 than the predicted SDR. In 2021, males' SDR was nearly equal to the predicted SDR, whereas females' SDR in the metropolitan-region (17.5%: 95% confidence interval: 13.9-21.2%) and non-metropolitan-region (24.7%: 95% confidence interval: 22.8-26.7%) continued to be higher than the predicted SDR. These gender- and region-dependent temporal fluctuations of SDR were synchronised with those of SDRs caused by hanging, at home and single-person-households. Additionally, the rising number of infected patients with the SARS-CoV-2 and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnostic examinations were positively (β = 0.024) and negatively (β =-0.002) related to the SDR during the pandemic, respectively. Interpretation Japanese suicide statistics have previously established that the predominant method and place of suicide were by hanging and at the individual's home, respectively. The present findings suggest that transformed lifestyles during the pandemic, increasing time spent at home, enhanced the suicide risk of Japanese people by hanging and at home. Funding Regional Suicide Countermeasures Emergency Enhancement Fund of Mie Prefecture (2021-40).
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Matsumoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Eishi Motomura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takashi Shiroyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masahiko Murata
- Department of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization Sakakibara Hospital, 777 Sakakibara, Tsu, Mie 514-1292, Japan
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240
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Radeloff D, Genuneit J, J. Bachmann C. Suicides in Germany During the COVID-19 Pandemic. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 119:502-503. [PMID: 36345581 PMCID: PMC9669323 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Radeloff
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jon Genuneit
- Pediatric Epidemiology, Dept of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian J. Bachmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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241
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Yoshioka E, Hanley SJ, Sato Y, Saijo Y. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide rates in Japan through December 2021: An interrupted time series analysis. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2022; 24:100480. [PMID: 35655718 PMCID: PMC9150875 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic is negatively impacting mental health globally. While increased social cohesion may have initially decreased suicide risk, there are few reports on the long-term impact. We examined the impact of the pandemic on suicide by gender and age through December 2021 in Japan. METHODS We analyzed trends in monthly suicide rates by age and gender from January 2016 to December 2021 using provisional mortality data in an interrupted time series analysis. We also considered linear trends in the pre-pandemic period and seasonal variations. Pandemic onset was defined as from April 2020. Estimated excess deaths by suicide that occurred during the pandemic were calculated. FINDINGS Excess number of suicide deaths during the pandemic period was estimated to be 1208 for men and 1825 for women. While there was no statistically significant increase in suicide rates overall for both men and women during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic, age-specific analyses showed a statistically significant increase in men 20-29 and 40-49 years, and in women of all age groups, except those under 20, 40-49 and over 80 years. INTERPRETATION The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on suicide rates in Japan and the impact is most pronounced in women and younger age groups. Subgroup analyses are needed, with a particular focus on those considered to be vulnerable and at increased suicide risk. FUNDING A Grant-in-Aid for scientific research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (Award Number 21K10462).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Yoshioka
- Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Sharon J.B. Hanley
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sato
- Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Saijo
- Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
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242
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Suicide Attempts in an Italian Population with Substance Use Disorders: Results of a Follow-up Study. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00855-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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243
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Salt E, Wiggins AT, Cerel J, Hall C, Ellis M, Cooper GL, Adkins BW, Rayens MK. Increased rates of suicide ideation and attempts in rural dwellers following the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. J Rural Health 2022; 39:30-38. [PMID: 35708462 PMCID: PMC9349837 DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Those factors identified to increase the risk of suicide in rural dwellers were exacerbated by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, specifically economic factors, substance use, access to health care, and access to lethal weapons. Because the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on suicide ideation and attempts in rural populations have not been fully characterized in published literature, this study compares: (1) the rates of suicide ideation and attempts between the 6 months affected by SARS-CoV-2 to same months of the preceding year (3/18/2020-9/18/20; 3/18/2019-9/18/19), (2) demographics (ie, age, sex, residence, race, and ethnicity), and (3) the locations in which the encounters were billed (inpatient, outpatient, and emergency department). METHODS Deidentified claims data associated with patient encounters billed for Suicide Ideation and Suicide Attempt were grouped based on time period and analyzed using descriptive statistics, incidence rate ratio (IRR), 2-sample t-test, chi-square test of association, or Fisher's exact test. FINDINGS Suicidal ideation encounters increased in the 6 months post-SARS-CoV-2 when compared to the 6 months of the prior year (IRR = 1.19; P < .001). Males (IRR = 1.27, P < .001), those residing rural areas (IRR = 1.22, P = .01), and Black, non-Hispanic (IRR = 1.24, P = .024) were found to have increased rates of suicide ideation post-SARS-Cov-2. In adults, White, non-Hispanics (IRR = 1.16; P < .001) had increased rates of post-SARS-CoV-2. In the pediatric subset, those who were aged 14-17 (IRR = 1.50; P < .001), resided in rural areas (IRR = 1.61, P = .009), and idenitifed as Hispanic (IRR = 1.89; P = .037) or Black, non-Hispanic (IRR = 1.61, P = .009) had increased rates post-SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified rural dwellers to be at increased risk for suicide ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Salt
- College of NursingUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | | | - Julie Cerel
- College of Social WorkUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | | | - Misty Ellis
- College of NursingUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | | | | | - Mary Kay Rayens
- College of NursingUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
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244
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Arya V, Page A, Spittal MJ, Dandona R, Vijayakumar L, Munasinghe S, John A, Gunnell D, Pirkis J, Armstrong G. Suicide in India during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. J Affect Disord 2022; 307:215-220. [PMID: 35395323 PMCID: PMC8983610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been substantial discussion as to whether the mental health and socio-economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic might impact suicide rates. Although India accounts for the largest proportion of global suicides, the early impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide rates in this country are unknown. METHODS National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) data were used to calculate annual suicide rates for the period 2010-2020, stratified by sex and state. Rate Ratios (RRs) stratified by sex and state were calculated to estimate the extent of change in suicide rates. RESULTS Suicide rates in India generally showed a decreasing trend from 2010 until 2017, with the trend reversing after this period, particularly for males. Among males and females, the highest increase post 2017 was noted in 2020 (compared to 2017) (males: RR = 1.18 95% UI 1.17-1.19; females: RR = 1.05 95% UI 1.03-1.06). LIMITATION Suicide rates based on the NCRB data might be an underestimation of the true suicide rates. CONCLUSION Suicide rates in India increased during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, and although the increase in suicide rates, especially among males, predates the pandemic, the increase in suicide rates was highest in 2020, compared to increases in previous years. Further research is warranted to understand the potential ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Arya
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Andrew Page
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Australia
| | - Matthew J Spittal
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rakhi Dandona
- Public Health Foundation of India, India; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, USA
| | - Lakshmi Vijayakumar
- SNEHA, - Suicide Prevention Centre, Voluntary Health Services, Chennai, India
| | - Sithum Munasinghe
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Australia
| | - Ann John
- Swansea University Medical School, UK
| | - David Gunnell
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals, Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, UK
| | - Jane Pirkis
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gregory Armstrong
- Nossal Institute for Global Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
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245
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Jollant F, Roussot A, Corruble E, Chauvet-Gelinier JC, Falissard B, Mikaeloff Y, Quantin C. Prolonged impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-harm hospitalizations in France: A nationwide retrospective observational study. Eur Psychiatry 2022; 65:e35. [PMID: 35694827 PMCID: PMC9251820 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in France was associated with a reduced number of hospitalizations for self-harm, with the exception of older people. The on-going pandemic may have both sustained and delayed effects. Methods Data were extracted from the French national hospital database (PMSI), a nationwide exhaustive database. The number of self-harm hospitalizations (ICD-10 codes X60–84) between September 1, 2020 and August 31, 2021 (N = 85,679) was compared to 2019 (N = 88,782) using Poisson regression models. Results There was a decrease in the total number of self-harm hospitalizations during the studied period versus 2019 (−3.5%; Relative Risk [RR] [95% Confidence Intervals] = 0.97 [0.96–0.97]; p < 0.0001). However, sex and age effects were identified. While adults aged 30–59-years-old showed a decrease (monthly decreases: −12.6 to −15.0%), we found an increase in adolescent girls (+27.7%, RR = 1.28 [1.25–1.31]; p < 0.0001), notably since January 2021. Moreover, the numbers were similar to 2019 in adolescent boys, in youths aged 20–29 years, and in people aged 70 and more. Hospitalizations in intensive care units decreased (−6.7%, RR = 0.93 [0.91–0.96]; p < 0.0001) and deaths at hospital following self-harm remained stable (+0.6%, Hazard Ratio = 0.99 [0.91–1.08], p = 0.79). Conclusions During this second stage, the number of self-harm hospitalizations remained at a lower level than in the prepandemic period. However, significant variations over time, age, and sex were observed. Young people (notably adolescent girls) appear to have particularly suffered from the persistence of the pandemic, while older people did not show any decrease since the beginning. Vigilance and continuing prevention are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jollant
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Germany.,CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France.,Université Paris Cité, Paris, France & GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, CMME, Paris, France.,McGill Group for suicide studies, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.,Moods Team, INSERM UMR-1178, CESP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - A Roussot
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (DIM), University Hospital, BP 77908, 21079 Dijon, France; Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Dijon, France
| | - E Corruble
- Moods Team, INSERM UMR-1178, CESP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Psychiatry department, Bicêtre Hospital, GHU Paris-Saclay; APHP, Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - J C Chauvet-Gelinier
- Service de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France.,Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Psychologie Médicale, EA 4452, IFR Santé STIC 100, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - B Falissard
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Developmental psychiatry, CESP, Villejuif, France
| | - Y Mikaeloff
- Pediatrics department, GHU Paris-Saclay; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Developmental psychiatry, CESP, Villejuif, France
| | - C Quantin
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (DIM), University Hospital, BP 77908, 21079 Dijon, France; Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Dijon, France.,Inserm, CIC 1432, Dijon, France; Dijon University Hospital, Clinical Investigation Center, clinical epidemiology/clinical trials unit, Dijon, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, High-Dimensional Biostatistics for Drug Safety and Genomics, CESP, Villejuif, France
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246
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Gregory G, Zhu L, Hayen A, Bell KJL. Learning from the pandemic: mortality trends and seasonality of deaths in Australia in 2020. Int J Epidemiol 2022; 51:718-726. [PMID: 35288728 PMCID: PMC9189967 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess whether the observed numbers and seasonality of deaths in Australia during 2020 differed from expected trends based on 2015-19 data. METHODS We used provisional death data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics, stratified by state, age, sex and cause of death. We compared 2020 deaths with 2015-19 deaths using interrupted time series adjusted for time trend and seasonality. We measured the following outcomes along with 95% confidence intervals: observed/expected deaths (rate ratio: RR), change in seasonal variation in mortality (amplitude ratio: AR) and change in week of peak seasonal mortality (phase difference: PD). RESULTS Overall 4% fewer deaths from all causes were registered in Australia than expected in 2020 [RR 0·96 (0·95-0·98)] with reductions across states, ages and sex strata. There were fewer deaths from respiratory illness [RR 0·79 (0·76-0·83)] and dementia [RR 0·95 (0·93-0·98)] but more from diabetes [RR 1·08 (1·04-1·13)]. Seasonal variation was reduced for deaths overall [AR 0·94 (0·92-0·95)], and for deaths due to respiratory illnesses [AR 0·78 (0·74-0·83)], dementia [AR 0.92 (0.89-0.95)] and ischaemic heart disease [0.95 (0.90-0.97)]. CONCLUSIONS The observed reductions in respiratory and dementia deaths and the reduced seasonality in ischaemic heart disease deaths may reflect reductions in circulating respiratory (non-SARS-CoV-2) pathogens resulting from the public health measures taken in 2020. The observed increase in diabetes deaths is unexplained and merits further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Gregory
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia and
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia and
| | - Andrew Hayen
- School of Public Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katy J L Bell
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia and
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247
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Vrublevska J, Perepjolkina V, Martinsone K, Kolesnikova J, Krone I, Smirnova D, Fountoulakis KN, Rancans E. Determinants of Anxiety in the General Latvian Population During the COVID-19 State of Emergency. Front Public Health 2022; 10:854812. [PMID: 35769784 PMCID: PMC9236180 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.854812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic and its restrictive public health measures have seriously affected mental health of society. Social, psychological, and health-related factors have been linked to anxiety in the general population. Aim We investigate the association of various sociopsychological and health-related determinants of anxiety and identify the predicting factors for anxiety in the general population during the COVID-19 state of emergency from in Latvia. Methods We conducted an online survey using a randomized stratified sample of the general adult population in July 2020 for 3 weeks. Anxiety symptoms were measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S). Sociodemographic, health-related, sociopsychological characteristics and suicidality were identified using the structured questionnaire. The statistical analysis included Pearson's chi-square test, post hoc analysis, and binomial logistic regression. Results The weighted study sample included 2,608 participants. The mean STAY-S score of the total sample was 22.88 ± 12.25. In the total sample, 15.2% (n = 398) of participants were classified as having anxiety. The odds ratio (OR) of having anxiety was higher in females (OR = 2.44; 95% CI 1.75-3.33) and people who had experienced mental health problems in the past (OR = 1.45; 95% CI 1.03-2.04), had suicide attempt in the past (OR = 1.68; 95% CI 1.08-2.59), were worried about their health status due to COVID-19 (OR = 1.64; 95% CI 1.36-1.16), were worried about stigmatization from others if infected with COVID-19 (OR = 1.18; 95% CI 1.03-1.35), were worried about information regarding COVID-19 from the Internet (OR = 1.24; 95% CI 1.08-1.43), persons who were lonely (OR = 1.90; 95% CI 1.54-2.34), and persons with negative problem orientation (OR = 1.26; 95% CI 1.06-1.51). Protective factors were identified as having good self-rated general health (OR = 0.68, 95 % CI 0.58-0.81), maintaining a daily routine (OR = 0.74, 95 % CI 0.61-0.90), having financial stability (OR = 0.66, 95 % CI 0.55-0.79), and having good psychological resilience (OR = 0.90, 95 % CI 0.87-0.94). Conclusions This is the first study to report a prevalence of anxiety in the general population of Latvia. Certain factors that predict anxiety, as well as protective factors were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Vrublevska
- Department of Psychiatry and Narcology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
- Institute of Public Health, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Kristine Martinsone
- Department of Health Psychology and Pedagogy, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Jelena Kolesnikova
- Department of Health Psychology and Pedagogy, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilona Krone
- Department of Health Psychology and Pedagogy, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Daria Smirnova
- International Centre for Education and Research in Neuropsychiatry (ICERN), Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
- Department of Psychiatry, Narcology, Psychotherapy and Clinical Psychology, Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
| | | | - Elmars Rancans
- Department of Psychiatry and Narcology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
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Walby FA, Myhre MØ, Mehlum L. Suicide among users of mental health and addiction services in the first 10 months of the COVID-19 pandemic: observational study using national registry data. BJPsych Open 2022; 8:e111. [PMID: 35678470 PMCID: PMC9203361 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2022.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many studies have reported no rise in suicides in the general population following the COVID-19 pandemic, little is known regarding mental health and substance misuse service patients, groups who have reportedly faced substantial reductions in their access to care during phases of lockdown. However, in this observational study using national registry data, during the first 10 months of the pandemic we found no evidence of an increased risk among people in recent (within 12 months) contact with secondary care. Both long-term and differential effects on subgroups remain to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik A Walby
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Ø Myhre
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Mehlum
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
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249
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Liu CH, Chen PC, Chen JH, Yeh CC. Changes in self-harm- and violence-related urgent psychiatric consultation in the emergency department during the different stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:384. [PMID: 35672738 PMCID: PMC9171742 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic significantly affected emergency department (ED) visits and urgent psychiatric consultation (UPC) seeking behavior in EDs. Our study explored the changes in UPCs during and after the pandemic peak. METHODS This retrospective observational study evaluated UPCs in the ED of a referral medical center in Taiwan, where treated both physical and psychiatric complaints. We defined the COVID-19 pandemic peak period as calendar week 4-18, 2020. The corresponding baseline as calendar week 4-18, 2019, and the slack period as week 4-18, 2021. The total number of UPCs, patient demographic data such as sex and age of the patients seen, the referral system (whether police or emergency medical service [EMS] or other sources), and the chief complaint (self-harm or violence) were recorded. RESULTS Compared with the baseline period, a significant decline in UPCs was observed in the pandemic peak period, and a rebound was observed in the slack period, with the median [IQR] Q1, Q3 values of 22 [18, 26], 12 [10, 17]), and 16 [15, 23], respectively. We observed significantly few men (34.9% vs 45.2%) and less violence (10.2% vs 17.6%) in the peak period compared with in the baseline period, but no significant difference was found compared with the slack period. Throughout the pandemic, younger patients (41.8 ± 17.4 in 2019, 39.2 ± 18.5 [p = 0.121] in 2020, and 35.6 ± 17.2 [p < 0.001] in 2021), higher proportions of police/EMS referral (38.7% in 2019, 41.9% [p = 0.473] in 2020, and 51.9% [p = 0.001] in 2021) and self-harm-related complaints (57% in 2019, 62.4% [p = 0.233] in 2020, and 64.9% [p = 0.049] in 2021) was noted among UPC seekers during the pandemic. However, the proportion of violence-related UPCs (17.6% in 2019, 10.2% [p = 0.023] in 2020, and 12.3% [p = 0.072] in 2021) declined. CONCLUSIONS This study found that UPCs changed throughout the pandemic. This result raises the concern that mental health needs are masked during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hao Liu
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan city, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan city, Taiwan
| | - Po-Cheng Chen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan city, Taiwan.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung city, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Hong Chen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan city, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung city, Taiwan.,National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan city, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Cheng Yeh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung city, Taiwan.
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Knipe D, John A, Padmanathan P, Eyles E, Dekel D, Higgins JPT, Bantjes J, Dandona R, Macleod-Hall C, McGuinness LA, Schmidt L, Webb RT, Gunnell D. Suicide and self-harm in low- and middle- income countries during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000282. [PMID: 36962383 PMCID: PMC10021274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
There is widespread concern over the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide and self-harm globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) where the burden of these behaviours is greatest. We synthesised the evidence from the published literature on the impact of the pandemic on suicide and self-harm in LMIC. This review is nested within a living systematic review (PROSPERO ID CRD42020183326) that continuously identifies published evidence (all languages) through a comprehensive automated search of multiple databases (PubMed; Scopus; medRxiv, PsyArXiv; SocArXiv; bioRxiv; the WHO COVID-19 database; and the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset by Semantic Scholar (up to 11/2020), including data from Microsoft Academic, Elsevier, arXiv and PubMed Central.) All articles identified by the 4th August 2021 were screened. Papers reporting on data from a LMIC and presenting evidence on the impact of the pandemic on suicide or self-harm were included. Methodological quality was assessed using an appropriate tool, and a narrative synthesis presented. A total of 22 studies from LMIC were identified representing data from 12 countries. There was an absence of data from Africa, the Pacific, and the Caribbean. The reviewed studies mostly report on the early months of COVID-19 and were generally methodologically poor. Few studies directly assessed the impact of the pandemic. The most robust evidence, from time-series studies, indicate either a reduction or no change in suicide and self-harm behaviour. As LMIC continue to experience repeated waves of the virus and increased associated mortality, against a backdrop of vaccine inaccessibility and limited welfare support, continued efforts are needed to track the indirect impact of the pandemic on suicide and self-harm in these countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duleeka Knipe
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Ann John
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Prianka Padmanathan
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Eyles
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Dana Dekel
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Julian P. T. Higgins
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Bantjes
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Rakhi Dandona
- Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Catherine Macleod-Hall
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Luke A. McGuinness
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Lena Schmidt
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Sciome LLC, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Roger T. Webb
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- National Institute of Health Research Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David Gunnell
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
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