201
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Klushin VA, Kashparova VP, Chizhikova AA, Andreeva VE, Chernysheva DV, Ulyankina AA, Kutsevalova OY, Smirnova NV, Kravchenko OA, Ananikov VP. New Bio-Based Furanic Materials Effectively Absorb Metals from Water and Exert Antimicrobial Activity. Chemistry 2021; 27:3382-3396. [PMID: 33119938 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Development of sustainable bio-based materials for removal of toxic contaminants from water is a high priority goal. Novel bio-based binary and ternary copolymers with enhanced ion-exchange, adsorption and antibacterial properties were obtained by using plant biomass-derived diallyl esters of furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) as crosslinking agents and easily available vinyl monomers. The synthesized copolymer materials showed higher sorption capacities for NiII , CoII and CuII compared to the commercial ion-exchange resins, and they maintained their high metal adsorption capacities for over 10 cycles of regeneration. The synthesized copolymer gels containing 1-5 wt % of the crosslinker showed excellent water absorption capacities. The synthesized copolymers with 1 % crosslinker content showed swelling ratios high enough to also act as moisture absorbents. Synthesized copolymers with crosslinker content of 10 wt % performed as contact-active antibacterials by inhibiting the growth of Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, K. pneumonia) in suspension tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A Klushin
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenia Str. 132, Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
| | - Vera P Kashparova
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenia Str. 132, Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Chizhikova
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenia Str. 132, Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
| | - Veronica E Andreeva
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenia Str. 132, Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
| | - Daria V Chernysheva
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenia Str. 132, Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
| | - Anna A Ulyankina
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenia Str. 132, Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
| | - Olga Yu Kutsevalova
- Medical Research Centre for Oncology of the Ministry of Health of Russia, 14 Liniya str. 63, Rostov-on-Don, National 344037, Russia
| | - Nina V Smirnova
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenia Str. 132, Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
| | - Oleg A Kravchenko
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenia Str. 132, Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
| | - Valentin P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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202
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203
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Liu R, Rong Z, Han G, Yang X, Zhang W. Synthesis and self-assembly of star multiple block copolymer of poly(4-vinylpyridine)-block-polystyrene. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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204
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Berki TR, Martinelli J, Tei L, Willcock H, Butler SJ. Polymerizable Gd(iii) building blocks for the synthesis of high relaxivity macromolecular MRI contrast agents. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3999-4013. [PMID: 34163670 PMCID: PMC8179470 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04750c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A new synthetic strategy for the preparation of macromolecular MRI contrast agents (CAs) is reported. Four gadolinium(iii) complexes bearing either one or two polymerizable methacrylamide groups were synthesized, serving as monomers or crosslinkers for the preparation of water-soluble, polymeric CAs using Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Using this approach, macromolecular CAs were synthesized with different architectures, including linear, hyperbranched polymers and gels. The relaxivities of the polymeric CAs were determined by NMR relaxometry, revealing an up to 5-fold increase in relaxivity (60 MHz, 310 K) for the linear polymers compared with the clinically used CA, Gd-DOTA. Moreover, hyperbranched polymers obtained from Gd(iii) crosslinkers, displayed even higher relaxivities up to 22.8 mM-1 s-1, approximately 8 times higher than that of Gd-DOTA (60 MHz, 310 K). A detailed NMRD study revealed that the enhanced relaxivities of the hyperbranched polymers were obtained by limiting the local motion of the crosslinked Gd(iii) chelate. The versatility of RAFT polymerization of Gd(iii) monomers and crosslinkers opens the doors to more advanced polymeric CAs capable of multimodal, bioresponsive or targeting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Berki
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University Leicestershire LE11 3TU UK
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University Leicestershire LE11 3TU UK
| | - Jonathan Martinelli
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, Università del Piemonte Orientale I15121 Alessandria Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tei
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, Università del Piemonte Orientale I15121 Alessandria Italy
| | - Helen Willcock
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University Leicestershire LE11 3TU UK
| | - Stephen J Butler
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University Leicestershire LE11 3TU UK
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205
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Oliveira ASR, Mendonça PV, Simões S, Serra AC, Coelho JFJ. Amphiphilic well‐defined degradable star block copolymers by combination of ring‐opening polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization: Synthesis and application as drug delivery carriers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreia S. R. Oliveira
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Patrícia V. Mendonça
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Sérgio Simões
- Faculty of Pharmacy University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Arménio C. Serra
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Jorge F. J. Coelho
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
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206
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Zheng Y, Sarkar J, Niino H, Chatani S, Hsu SY, Goto A. Synthesis of core-crosslinked star polymers via organocatalyzed living radical polymerization. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00663k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Core-crosslinked star polymers synthesized via a grafting-through approach using RCMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Zheng
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- 637371 Singapore
| | - Jit Sarkar
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- 637371 Singapore
| | - Hiroshi Niino
- Otake R&D Center
- Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation
- Hiroshima 739-0693
- Japan
| | - Shunsuke Chatani
- Otake R&D Center
- Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation
- Hiroshima 739-0693
- Japan
| | - Shu Yao Hsu
- Otake R&D Center
- Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation
- Hiroshima 739-0693
- Japan
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- 637371 Singapore
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207
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Lequieu J, Magenau AJD. Reaction-induced phase transitions with block copolymers in solution and bulk. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00722f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Reaction-induced phase transitions use chemical reactions to drive macromolecular organisation and self-assembly. This review highlights significant and recent advancements in this burgeoning field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Lequieu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Drexel University
- Philadelphia
- USA
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208
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Xiao J, He Q, Yang M, Li H, Qiu X, Wang B, Zhang B, Bu W. Hierarchical self-assembly of miktoarm star copolymers with pathway complexity. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01170c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of amphiphilic miktoarm star copolymers shows hierarchical pathway complexity from molecular building blocks to miktoarm stars to micellar nano-objects to complex hierarchical assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Qun He
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Minjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Haoquan Li
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Xiandeng Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Binghua Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- China
| | - Weifeng Bu
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
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209
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Pang B, Liu R, Han G, Wang W, Zhang W. The synthesis of thermoresponsive POSS-based eight-arm star poly( N-isopropylacrylamide): A comparison between Z-RAFT and R-RAFT strategies. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00087j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Z-Type POSS-based eight-arm star poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), POSS-(PNIPAM)8-Z, is synthesized and demonstrated to be a thermoresponsive switchable emulsifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Guang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Special Functional Waterproof Materials
- Beijing Oriental Yuhong Waterproof Technology Co
- Ltd
- Beijing 100123
- China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chemistry & Material Science
- Langfang Normal University
- Langfang
- China
| | - Wangqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
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210
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Aoki D, Ajiro H. Clarification of the effects of topological isomers on the mechanical strength of comb polyurethane. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01391a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated the mechanical enhancement behavior of the comb polyurethanes by the topological isomer system between the linear and comb polyurethane. Also, we assumed the mechanical enhancement mechanism by the rheological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Aoki
- Graduate School of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- Nara 630-0192
- Japan
| | - Hiroharu Ajiro
- Graduate School of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- Nara 630-0192
- Japan
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211
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Li H, Zhao H, Yao L, Zhang L, Cheng Z, Zhu X. Photocontrolled bromine–iodine transformation reversible-deactivation radical polymerization: facile synthesis of star copolymers and unimolecular micelles. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00006c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A facile strategy of synthesizing star copolymers was successfully established via photocontrolled BIT-RDRP. The obtained copolymers have well-defined four-arm amphiphilic block architecture and can form stable unimolecular micelles in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihui Li
- Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials; College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials; College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Lan Yao
- Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials; College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Lifen Zhang
- Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials; College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Zhenping Cheng
- Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials; College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials; College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- China
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212
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Hinkle KR. Using coarse-grained models to examine structure-property relationships of diblock-arm star polymers. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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213
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Monaco A, Drain B, Becer CR. Detailed GPC analysis of poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) with core cross-linked star architecture. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00966d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Core cross-linked star shaped polymers possess unique physical properties that can be utilized as drug transporters for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Monaco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Ben Drain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - C. Remzi Becer
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
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214
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Hou C, Zhou C, Cheng J. One-shot synthesis of star gradient copolymers with controllable graft density. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00313e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
One-shot synthesis of star gradient copolymers with controllable graft density via ring-opening metathesis polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
| | - Chulu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
| | - Jianhua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
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215
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Yu J, Niu H, Wang Y, Li Y. “Core-first” approach for the synthesis of star-shaped polyisoprenes with a branched core and isoprene catalyzed by half-sandwich scandium complexes. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00845e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Star-shaped polyisoprenes were synthesized by copolymerization of isoprene and branched homopolymer of dimethyl-di-2,4-pentadienyl-(E, E)-silane through “Core-first” approach catalyzed by half-sandwich scandium complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Yu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hui Niu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yinran Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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216
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Huang Z, Ban J, Pan L, Cai S, Liao J. New star-shape memory polyurethanes capable of thermally induced recovery and hydrogen bond-self-healing. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01237a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Star-shape memory polyurethanes that combine thermally responsive and self-healing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghui Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology
- Maoming
- China
| | - Jianfeng Ban
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology
- Maoming
- China
| | - Lulu Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology
- Maoming
- China
| | - Shuqing Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology
- Maoming
- China
| | - Junqiu Liao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology
- Maoming
- China
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217
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Peng W, Cai Y, Fanslau L, Vana P. Nanoengineering with RAFT polymers: from nanocomposite design to applications. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01172c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reversible addition–fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization is a powerful tool for the precise formation of macromolecular building blocks that can be used for the construction of well-defined nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Peng
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yingying Cai
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Luise Fanslau
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Vana
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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218
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Wong JC, Xiang L, Ngoi KH, Chia CH, Jin KS, Kim HC, Kim HJ, Hirao A, Ree M. Molecular weight effect on the structural detail and chain characteristics of 33-armed star polystyrene. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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219
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Asano MS, Morita T, Miwata T, Nomura K. Observation of Intramolecular Interaction in Fluorescent Star-Shaped Polymers: Evidence for Energy Hopping between Branch Chains. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:11510-11518. [PMID: 33283508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c09613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy measurements were performed on three-branched star-shaped polymers, based on precisely synthesized poly(9,9-di-n-octyl-fluorene vinylene)s containing C6F5 end groups. The star-shaped polymers showed identical fluorescence spectra, fluorescence lifetimes, and quantum yields to those of the reference single-chain oligomer. However, a rapid fluorescence anisotropy decay was observed in two kinds of star-shaped polymers, while such decay was not seen in the corresponding single-chain oligomer. On the basis of the analysis using an incoherent hopping model, the observed rapid anisotropy decay is attributable to energy hopping processes between branches within a single polymer species, and its rate was deduced to be ca.100 ps depending upon the core part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoko S Asano
- Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Morita
- Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Miwata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Ohsawa, Hachi-Ohji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Ohsawa, Hachi-Ohji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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220
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Vrijsen JH, Van de Reydt E, Junkers T. Tunable thermoresponsive β‐cyclodextrin‐based star polymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma Van de Reydt
- Polymer Reaction Design Group, School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Universiteit Hasselt, Institute for Materials Research Hasselt Belgium
- Polymer Reaction Design Group, School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
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221
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Li R, An Z. Achieving Ultrahigh Molecular Weights with Diverse Architectures for Unconjugated Monomers through Oxygen-Tolerant Photoenzymatic RAFT Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22258-22264. [PMID: 32844514 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Achieving well-defined polymers with ultrahigh molecular weight (UHMW) is an enduring pursuit in the field of reversible deactivation radical polymerization. Synthetic protocols have been successfully developed to achieve UHMWs with low dispersities exclusively from conjugated monomers while no polymerization of unconjugated monomers has provided the same level of control. Herein, an oxygen-tolerant photoenzymatic RAFT (reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer) polymerization was exploited to tackle this challenge for unconjugated monomers at 10 °C, enabling facile synthesis of well-defined, linear and star polymers with near-quantitative conversions, unprecedented UHMWs and low dispersities. The exquisite level of control over composition, MW and architecture, coupled with operational ease, mild conditions and environmental friendliness, broadens the monomer scope to include unconjugated monomers, and to achieve previously inaccessible low-dispersity UHMWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Li
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zesheng An
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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222
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Reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (Controlled/living radical polymerization): From discovery to materials design and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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223
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Ida S, Toda S, Oyama M, Takeshita H, Kanaoka S. Multiarm Star-Crosslinked Hydrogel: Polymer Network with Thermoresponsive Free-End Chains Densely Connected to Crosslinking Points. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000558. [PMID: 33244811 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Soft tissue in biological system is a hydrogel with elaborate structure exhibiting repeatable dynamic function. In order to approach such sophisticated system, precise construction of a designed network with multi-components is desired. This communication presents a novel hydrogel having highly dense stimuli-responsive free-end chains around crosslinking structure. A key molecule is a core-crosslinked star-shaped polymer with multiple thermoresponsive arms, which can be prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of divinyl crosslinker with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) macro-chain transfer agent and have a number of unreacted carbon-carbon double bonds in the core. These unreacted double bonds can be utilized as a crosslinker for poly(acrylamide) (PAAm) gel synthesis by free radical polymerization. The obtained gel contains homogeneously dispersed star PNIPAAms as crosslinking points and exhibits thermoresponsive swelling behavior in water depending on the star contents. In particular, the gel with low content of the star crosslinker shows localized responsive behavior with expansion and shrinkage of the star in one molecule. The mechanical properties of the star-crosslinked gel are significantly high compared to the conventional PAAm gels particularly in compressive strength (≈9 MPa). Moreover, the star-crosslinked gel has thermoresponsive mechanical toughening property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Ida
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka, Hikone, Shiga, 522-8533, Japan
| | - Shogo Toda
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka, Hikone, Shiga, 522-8533, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Oyama
- Industrial Research Center of Shiga Prefecture, 232 Kamitoyama, Ritto, Shiga, 520-3004, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takeshita
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka, Hikone, Shiga, 522-8533, Japan
| | - Shokyoku Kanaoka
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka, Hikone, Shiga, 522-8533, Japan
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224
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Beyer VP, Cattoz B, Becer CR. Thiol-Bromo Click Reaction for One-Pot Synthesis of Star-Shaped Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000519. [PMID: 33210395 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Star-shaped polymers have unique physical properties and they are sought after materials in industry. However, the ease of synthesis is essential for translation of these materials into large-scale applications. Herein, a highly efficient synthetic method to prepare star-shaped polymers by combination of Cu-mediated reversible deactivation radical polymerization (Cu-RDRP) and thiol-bromo click reaction is described. Well-defined linear and block polymers with a very high bromine chain end fidelity are obtained via Cu-RDRP and subsequently react with multi-functional thiol compounds. High coupling efficiencies of larger than 90% are obtained owing to the quick and efficient reaction between thiols and alkyl bromides. Moreover, the arms of the obtained star-shaped polymers are linked via thioether bonds to the core, making them susceptible for oxidative degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Peter Beyer
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Beatrice Cattoz
- Milton Hill Business & Technology Centre, Infineum UK Ltd., Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX13 6BB, UK
| | - Caglar Remzi Becer
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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225
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Liu A, Yang Z, Liu L, Chen J, An L. Role of Functionality in Cross-Stream Migration, Structures, and Dynamics of Star Polymers in Poiseuille Flow. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aiqing Liu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenyue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jizhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijia An
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
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226
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Farnaz Fazlalizadeh, Massoumi B, Banaei A, Jaymand M. A Thermal-Responsive Y-Shaped Miktoarm Amphiphilic Block Copolymer Composed of Poly(ε-caprolactone) and Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) as a Nano-micellar Carrier for Anti-cancer Drugs. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090420050061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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227
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Liu Y, Wang J, Zhang M, Li H, Lin Z. Polymer-Ligated Nanocrystals Enabled by Nonlinear Block Copolymer Nanoreactors: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications. ACS NANO 2020; 14:12491-12521. [PMID: 32975934 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The past several decades have witnessed substantial advances in synthesis and self-assembly of inorganic nanocrystals (NCs) due largely to their size- and shape-dependent properties for use in optics, optoelectronics, catalysis, energy conversion and storage, nanotechnology, and biomedical applications. Among various routes to NCs, the nonlinear block copolymer (BCP) nanoreactor technique has recently emerged as a general yet robust strategy for crafting a rich diversity of NCs of interest with precisely controlled dimensions, compositions, architectures, and surface chemistry. It is notable that nonlinear BCPs are unimolecular micelles, where each block copolymer arm of nonlinear BCP is covalently connected to a central core or polymer backbone. As such, their structures are static and stable, representing a class of functional polymers with complex architecture for directing the synthesis of NCs. In this review, recent progress in synthesizing NCs by capitalizing on two sets of nonlinear BCPs as nanoreactors are discussed. They are star-shaped BCPs for producing 0D spherical nanoparticles, including plain, hollow, and core-shell nanoparticles, and bottlebrush-like BCPs for creating 1D plain and core/shell nanorods (and nanowires) as well as nanotubes. As the surface of these NCs is intimately tethered with the outer blocks of nonlinear BCPs used, they can thus be regarded as polymer-ligated NCs (i.e., hairy NCs). First, the rational design and synthesis of nonlinear BCPs via controlled/living radical polymerizations is introduced. Subsequently, their use as the NC-directing nanoreactors to yield monodisperse nanoparticles and nanorods with judiciously engineered dimensions, compositions, and surface chemistry is examined. Afterward, the intriguing properties of such polymer-ligated NCs, which are found to depend sensitively on their sizes, architectures, and functionalities of surface polymer hairs, are highlighted. Some practical applications of these polymer-ligated NCs for energy conversion and storage and drug delivery are then discussed. Finally, challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijiang Liu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Huaming Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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228
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Carbajo-Gordillo AI, Jiménez Blanco JL, Benito JM, Lana H, Marcelo G, Di Giorgio C, Przybylski C, Hinou H, Ceña V, Ortiz Mellet C, Mendicuti F, Tros de Ilarduya C, García Fernández JM. Click Synthesis of Size- and Shape-Tunable Star Polymers with Functional Macrocyclic Cores for Synergistic DNA Complexation and Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:5173-5188. [PMID: 33084317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The architectural perfection and multivalency of dendrimers have made them useful for biodelivery via peripheral functionalization and the adjustment of dendrimer generations. Modulation of the core-forming and internal matrix-forming structures offers virtually unlimited opportunities for further optimization, but only in a few cases this has been made compatible with strict diastereomeric purity over molecularly diverse series, low toxicity, and limited synthetic effort. Fully regular star polymers built on biocompatible macrocyclic platforms, such as hyperbranched cyclodextrins, offer advantages in terms of facile synthesis and flexible compositions, but core elaboration in terms of shape and function becomes problematic. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of star polymers consisting of functional trehalose-based macrocyclic cores (cyclotrehalans, CTs) and aminothiourea dendron arms, which can be efficiently synthesized from sequential click reactions of orthogonal monomers, display no cytotoxicity, and efficiently complex and deliver plasmid DNA in vitro and in vivo. When compared with some commercial cationic dendrimers or polymers, the new CT-scaffolded star polymers show better transfection efficiencies in several cell lines and structure-dependent cell selectivity patterns. Notably, the CT core could be predefined to exert Zn(II) complexing or molecular inclusion capabilities, which has been exploited to synergistically boost cell transfection by orders of magnitude and modulate the organ tropism in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Carbajo-Gordillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José L Jiménez Blanco
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Profesor García González 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan M Benito
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Hugo Lana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gema Marcelo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christophe Di Giorgio
- Institut de Chimie Nice, UMR 7272, Université Côte d'Azur, 28 Avenue de Valrose, F-06108 Nice, France
| | - Cédric Przybylski
- CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Hiroshi Hinou
- Graduate School and Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Biology, Hokkaido University, N21 W11, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Valentín Ceña
- Unidad Asociada Neurodeath, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.,CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Profesor García González 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Mendicuti
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Conchita Tros de Ilarduya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
| | - José M García Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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229
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Song Z, Khaw YM, Pacheco LA, Tseng KY, Tan Z, Cai K, Ponnusamy E, Cheng J, Inoue M. Induction of a higher-ordered architecture in glatiramer acetate improves its biological efficiency in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:5271-5281. [PMID: 32744547 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00957a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Glatiramer acetate (GA), a linear random copolypeptide, is a first-line treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS). A major concern, however, is that GA treatment is associated with adverse effects and poor patient adherence due to the need for frequent injections. Here we describe improved performance of the polymeric drug, even at low doses with less-frequent injections, through the modification of its architecture into a star-shaped GA (sGA). In a sGA, multiple GAs are covalently linked onto a core, which greatly changes their properties such as molecular weight, size, and shape. The spherical sGA is retained longer in the body after intraperitoneal injection, and is more readily internalized by RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells than GA. In C57BL/6 mice induced with experimental autoimmune encephalitis, a mouse model for MS, sGA treatment exerts disease amelioration effect that is significantly better than that of GA despite a lower dose and less frequent injection. Moreover, spinal cord pathologies of demyelination and leukocyte infiltration are dramatically less pronounced in the sGA treatment condition compared to the GA treatment condition. Thus, we propose that sGA with a higher-ordered architecture offers an attractive and potentially viable treatment option for MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Song
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA. and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
| | - Yee Ming Khaw
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA. and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Neuroscience Program, 405 North Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Lazaro A Pacheco
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
| | - Kuan-Ying Tseng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
| | - Zhengzhong Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
| | - Kaimin Cai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
| | | | - Jianjun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
| | - Makoto Inoue
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA. and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Neuroscience Program, 405 North Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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230
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Li R, An Z. Achieving Ultrahigh Molecular Weights with Diverse Architectures for Unconjugated Monomers through Oxygen‐Tolerant Photoenzymatic RAFT Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Li
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Zesheng An
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education School of Life Sciences Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
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231
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Nghiem TL, Coban D, Tjaberings S, Gröschel AH. Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Application of Polymer Compartments for Catalysis. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2190. [PMID: 32987965 PMCID: PMC7600123 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalysis is one of the most important processes in nature, science, and technology, that enables the energy efficient synthesis of essential organic compounds, pharmaceutically active substances, and molecular energy sources. In nature, catalytic reactions typically occur in aqueous environments involving multiple catalytic sites. To prevent the deactivation of catalysts in water or avoid unwanted cross-reactions, catalysts are often site-isolated in nanopockets or separately stored in compartments. These concepts have inspired the design of a range of synthetic nanoreactors that allow otherwise unfeasible catalytic reactions in aqueous environments. Since the field of nanoreactors is evolving rapidly, we here summarize-from a personal perspective-prominent and recent examples for polymer nanoreactors with emphasis on their synthesis and their ability to catalyze reactions in dispersion. Examples comprise the incorporation of catalytic sites into hydrophobic nanodomains of single chain polymer nanoparticles, molecular polymer nanoparticles, and block copolymer micelles and vesicles. We focus on catalytic reactions mediated by transition metal and organocatalysts, and the separate storage of multiple catalysts for one-pot cascade reactions. Efforts devoted to the field of nanoreactors are relevant for catalytic chemistry and nanotechnology, as well as the synthesis of pharmaceutical and natural compounds. Optimized nanoreactors will aid in the development of more potent catalytic systems for green and fast reaction sequences contributing to sustainable chemistry by reducing waste of solvents, reagents, and energy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - André H. Gröschel
- Physical Chemistry and Centre for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (T.-L.N.); (D.C.); (S.T.)
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232
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Allison‐Logan S, Fu Q, Sun Y, Liu M, Xie J, Tang J, Qiao GG. From UV to NIR: A Full‐Spectrum Metal‐Free Photocatalyst for Efficient Polymer Synthesis in Aqueous Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21392-21396. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Allison‐Logan
- Polymer Science Group Department of Chemical Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Polymer Science Group Department of Chemical Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW) School of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Technology Sydney Ultimo NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Yongkang Sun
- Polymer Science Group Department of Chemical Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Min Liu
- Polymer Science Group Department of Chemical Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Jijia Xie
- Solar Energy & Advanced Materials Research Group Department of Chemical Engineering University College London Torrington Place London WC1E JE UK
| | - Junwang Tang
- Solar Energy & Advanced Materials Research Group Department of Chemical Engineering University College London Torrington Place London WC1E JE UK
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Polymer Science Group Department of Chemical Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
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233
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Allison‐Logan S, Fu Q, Sun Y, Liu M, Xie J, Tang J, Qiao GG. From UV to NIR: A Full‐Spectrum Metal‐Free Photocatalyst for Efficient Polymer Synthesis in Aqueous Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Allison‐Logan
- Polymer Science Group Department of Chemical Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Polymer Science Group Department of Chemical Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW) School of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Technology Sydney Ultimo NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Yongkang Sun
- Polymer Science Group Department of Chemical Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Min Liu
- Polymer Science Group Department of Chemical Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Jijia Xie
- Solar Energy & Advanced Materials Research Group Department of Chemical Engineering University College London Torrington Place London WC1E JE UK
| | - Junwang Tang
- Solar Energy & Advanced Materials Research Group Department of Chemical Engineering University College London Torrington Place London WC1E JE UK
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Polymer Science Group Department of Chemical Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
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234
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Monaco A, Beyer VP, Napier R, Becer CR. Multi-Arm Star-Shaped Glycopolymers with Precisely Controlled Core Size and Arm Length. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3736-3744. [PMID: 32786531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Star-shaped glycopolymers provide very high binding activities toward lectins. However, a straightforward synthesis method for the preparation of multi-arm glycopolymers in a one-pot approach has been challenging. Herein, we report a rapid synthesis of well-defined multi-arm glycopolymers via Cu(0)-mediated reversible deactivation radical polymerization in aqueous media. d-Mannose acrylamide has been homo- and copolymerized with NIPAM to provide linear arms and then core cross-linked with a bisacrylamide monomer. Thus, the arm length and core size of multi-arm glycopolymers were tuned. Moreover, the stability of multi-arm glycopolymers was investigated, and degradation reactions under acidic or basic conditions were observed. The binding activities of the obtained multi-arm glycopolymers with mannose-specific human lectins, DC-SIGN and MBL, were investigated via surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. Finally, the encapsulation ability of multi-arm glycopolymers was examined using DHA and Saquinavir below and above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of P(NIPAM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Monaco
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Valentin P Beyer
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Richard Napier
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - C Remzi Becer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
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235
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Ponjavic M, Nikolic MS, Stevanovic S, Nikodinovic-Runic J, Jeremic S, Pavic A, Djonlagic J. Hydrolytic degradation of star-shaped poly(ε-caprolactone)s with different number of arms and their cytotoxic effects. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911520951826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Star-shaped polymers of biodegradable aliphatic polyester, poly( ε-caprolactone), PCL, with different number of arms (three, four, and six) were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization initiated by multifunctional alcohols used as cores. As potential biomaterials, synthesized star-shaped poly( ε-caprolactone)s, sPCL, were thoroughly characterized in terms of their degradation under different pH conditions and in respect to their cytotoxicity. The in vitro degradation was performed in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) and hydrochloric acid solution (pH 1.0) over 5 weeks. Degradation of sPCL films was followed by the weight loss measurements, GPC, FTIR, and AFM analysis. While the most of the samples were stable against the abiotic hydrolysis at pH 7.4 after 5 weeks of degradation, degradation was significantly accelerated in the acidic medium. Degradation rate of polymer films was affected by the polymer architecture and molecular weight. The molecular weight profiles during the degradation revealed random chain scission of the ester bonds indicating bulk degradation mechanism of hydrolysis at pH 7.4, while acidic hydrolysis proceeded through the bulk degradation associated with surface erosion, confirmed by AFM. The in vitro toxicity tests, cytotoxicity applying normal human fibroblasts (MRC5) and embryotoxicity assessment (using zebra fish model, Danio rerio), suggested those polymeric materials as suitable for biomedical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Ponjavic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija S Nikolic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Stevanovic
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Sanja Jeremic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Pavic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasna Djonlagic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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236
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Kuznetsov AA, Soldatova AE, Tsegel’skaya AY, Semenova GK. Synthesis of Branched Polyimides of Different Topological Structure. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238220020083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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237
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Lin K, Jian N, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Ming S, Zhen S, Jiang Q, Wang L, Wang Y, Xu J. Star-shaped trithiophene and hexathiophene functionalized truxenes: synthesis, electropolymerization, and electrochromism. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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238
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Mendrek B, Fus-Kujawa A, Teper P, Botor M, Kubacki J, Sieroń AL, Kowalczuk A. Star polymer-based nanolayers with immobilized complexes of polycationic stars and DNA for deposition gene delivery and recovery of intact transfected cells. Int J Pharm 2020; 589:119823. [PMID: 32861771 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We designed a novel thermoresponsive system of nanolayers composed of star poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate]s (S-POEGMA) covalently bonded to a solid support and covered with polyplexes of cationic star polymers and plasmid DNA (pDNA). S-POEGMA stars were attached to the solid support via a UV-mediated "grafting to" method. To the best of our knowledge, for the first time, the conformational changes of obtained star nanolayers, occurring with changes in temperature, were studied using a quartz crystal microbalance technique. Next, the polyplexes of star poly[N,N'-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate-ran-di(ethylene glycol) methacrylate] (S-P(DMAEMA-DEGMA)) with pDNA, exhibiting a phase transition temperature (TCP) in culture medium DMEM, were deposited on S-POEGMA layers when the temperature increased above the TCP of polyplex. The thermoresponsivity of the system was then the main mechanism for controlling the adhesion, proliferation, transfection and detachment of HT-1080 cells. The nanolayers promoted the effective cell culture and delivered nucleic acids into cells, with a transfection efficiency several times higher than that of the control. The detachment of the transfected cells was regulated only by the change of temperature. The studies demonstrated that we obtained a novel and effective system, based on a star polymer architecture, useful for gene delivery and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mendrek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Fus-Kujawa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Medykow 18 Street, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Paulina Teper
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Malwina Botor
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Medykow 18 Street, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jerzy Kubacki
- A. Chelkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Aleksander L Sieroń
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Medykow 18 Street, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kowalczuk
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland.
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239
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Sun Z, Unruean P, Aoki H, Kitiyanan B, Nomura K. Phenoxide-Modified Half-Titanocenes Supported on Star-Shaped ROMP Polymers as Catalyst Precursors for Ethylene Copolymerization. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Palawat Unruean
- The Petroleum and Petrochemicals College, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chulalongkorn 12, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Hirotaka Aoki
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Boonyarach Kitiyanan
- The Petroleum and Petrochemicals College, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chulalongkorn 12, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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240
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Wong JC, Xiang L, Ngoi KH, Chia CH, Jin KS, Hirao A, Ree M. Seventeen-Armed Star Polystyrenes in Various Molecular Weights: Structural Details and Chain Characteristics. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1894. [PMID: 32842480 PMCID: PMC7563263 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Star-shaped polymers are very attractive because of their potential application ability in various technological areas due to their unique molecular topology. Thus, information on the molecular structure and chain characteristics of star polymers is essential for gaining insights into their properties and finding better applications. In this study, we report molecular structure details and chain characteristics of 17-armed polystyrenes in various molecular weights: 17-Arm(2k)-PS, 17-Arm(6k)-PS, 17-Arm(10k)-PS, and 17-Arm(20k)-PS. Quantitative X-ray scattering analysis using synchrotron radiation sources was conducted for this series of star polymers in two different solvents (cyclohexane and tetrahydrofuran), providing a comprehensive set of three-dimensional structure parameters, including radial density profiles and chain characteristics. Some of the structural parameters were crosschecked by qualitative scattering analysis and dynamic light scattering. They all were found to have ellipsoidal shapes consisting of a core and a fuzzy shell; such ellipse nature is originated from the dendritic core. In particular, the fraction of the fuzzy shell part enabling to store desired chemicals or agents was confirmed to be exceptionally high in cyclohexane, ranging from 74 to 81%; higher-molecular-weight star polymer gives a larger fraction of the fuzzy shell. The largest fraction (81%) of the fuzzy shell was significantly reduced to 52% in tetrahydrofuran; in contrast, the lowest fraction (19%) of core was increased to 48%. These selective shell contraction and core expansion can be useful as a key mechanism in various applications. Overall, the 17-armed polystyrenes of this study are suitable for applications in various technological fields including smart deliveries of drugs, genes, biomedical imaging agents, and other desired chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chyi Wong
- Materials Science Program, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.C.W.); (K.H.N.)
- Department of Chemistry and Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea;
| | - Li Xiang
- Department of Chemistry and Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea;
| | - Kuan Hoon Ngoi
- Materials Science Program, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.C.W.); (K.H.N.)
- Department of Chemistry and Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea;
| | - Chin Hua Chia
- Materials Science Program, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.C.W.); (K.H.N.)
| | - Kyeong Sik Jin
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science & Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Akira Hirao
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-S1-13, Ohokayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Moonhor Ree
- Department of Chemistry and Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea;
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241
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Sims MB. Controlled radical copolymerization of multivinyl crosslinkers: a robust route to functional branched macromolecules. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Sims
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA
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242
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Nishida T, Satoh K, Nagano S, Seki T, Tamura M, Li Y, Tomishige K, Kamigaito M. Biobased Cycloolefin Polymers: Carvone-Derived Cyclic Conjugated Diene with Reactive exo-Methylene Group for Regioselective and Stereospecific Living Cationic Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1178-1183. [PMID: 35653209 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Carvone, a naturally abundant chiral cyclic α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound, was chemically transformed into cyclic exo-methylene conjugated dienes. The exo-methylene group had high reactivity in cationic polymerization and was efficiently polymerized in a controlled manner via regioselective 1,4-conjugated additions using initiating systems effective for living cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers. The obtained polymers with 1,3-cyclohexenyl units and tetra-substituted olefins in the main chain showed high glass transition temperatures over 110 °C. The chiral monomer underwent stereospecific polymerization to result in polymers with low solubility and weak packing of the rigid main chain in the lamellar layers. The racemic mixture resulted in soluble amorphous polymers, which were subsequently hydrogenated into cycloolefin polymers with enhanced thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takenori Nishida
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kotaro Satoh
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H120 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Shusaku Nagano
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Takahiro Seki
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Masazumi Tamura
- Research Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yingai Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Keiichi Tomishige
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Masami Kamigaito
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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243
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Boattini E, Bezem N, Punnathanam SN, Smallenburg F, Filion L. Modeling of many-body interactions between elastic spheres through symmetry functions. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:064902. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0015606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Boattini
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nina Bezem
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sudeep N. Punnathanam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Frank Smallenburg
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Laura Filion
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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244
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Eisenreich F, Meijer EW, Palmans ARA. Amphiphilic Polymeric Nanoparticles for Photoredox Catalysis in Water. Chemistry 2020; 26:10355-10361. [PMID: 32428312 PMCID: PMC7496234 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis has recently emerged as a powerful synthesis tool in organic and polymer chemistry. In contrast to the great achievements realized in organic solvents, performing photocatalytic processes efficiently in aqueous media encounters several challenges. Here, it is presented how amphiphilic single-chain polymeric nanoparticles (SCPNs) can be utilized as small reactors to conduct light-driven chemical reactions in water. By incorporating a phenothiazine (PTH) catalyst into the polymeric scaffold, metal-free reduction and C-C cross-coupling reactions can be carried out upon exposure to UV light under ambient conditions. The versatility of this approach is underlined by a large substrate scope, tolerance towards oxygen, and excellent recyclability. This approach thereby contributes to a sustainable and green way of implementing photoredox catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Eisenreich
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic ChemistryInstitute for Complex Molecular SystemsDepartment of, Chemical Engineering and ChemistryEindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 5135600 MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic ChemistryInstitute for Complex Molecular SystemsDepartment of, Chemical Engineering and ChemistryEindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 5135600 MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic ChemistryInstitute for Complex Molecular SystemsDepartment of, Chemical Engineering and ChemistryEindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 5135600 MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
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245
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Wu J, Sun W, He X. Novel amphiphilic ABC 3-miktoarm star azo-copolymer with polypeptide chain: Synthesis, self-assembly and photo-responsive behavior. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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246
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Yu J, Niu H, Yang K, Yu H, Wang J, Li T, Li Y. Synthesis of Hyperbranched Polyisoprene by Isoprene/Dimethyl‐di‐2,4‐Pentadieneyl‐(
E
,
E
)‐Silane Copolymerization Catalyzed with Half‐Sandwich Scandium Complex. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Yu
- Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Hui Niu
- Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
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247
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Sharker KK, Takeshima S, Toyama Y, Ida S, Kanaoka S, Yusa SI. pH- and thermo-responsive behavior of PNIPAM star containing terminal carboxy groups in aqueous solutions. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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248
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249
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Macromolecular engineering approach for the preparation of new architectures from fluorinated olefins and their applications. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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250
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Wang Y, Zhu X. Nanofabrication within unimolecular nanoreactors. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:12698-12711. [PMID: 32525189 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02674c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have been a research focus over the last three decades owing to their unique properties and extensive applications. It is crucial to precisely control the features of NPs including topology, architecture, composition, size, surface and assembly because these features will affect their properties and then applications. Ingenious nanofabrication strategies have been developed to precisely control these features of NPs, especially for templated nanofabrication within predesigned nanoreactors. Compared with conventional nanoreactors (hard templates and supramolecular nanoreactors), unimolecular nanoreactors exhibit (1) covalently stable nanostructures uninfluenced by environmental variations, (2) extensively regulated features of the structure including topology, composition, size, surface and valence due to the rapid development of polymer chemistry, and (3) effective encapsulation of abundant guests with or without strong interaction to achieve the function of loading, delivery and conversion of guests. Thus, unimolecular nanoreactors have shown fascinating prospects as templates for nanofabrication. Various NPs with expected topologies (sphere, rod, tube, branch, and ring), architectures (compact, hollow, core-shell, and necklace-like), compositions (metal, metal oxide, semiconductor, doping, alloy, silica, and composite), sizes (generally 1-100 nm), surface properties (hydrophilic, hydrophobic, reactivity, valence and responsivity) and assemblies (oligomer, chain, and aggregate) can be fabricated easily within reasonably designed unimolecular nanoreactors in a programmable way. In this review, we provide a brief introduction of the properties and types of unimolecular nanoreactors, a condensed summary of representative methodologies of nanofabrication within various unimolecular nanoreactors and a predicted outlook of the potential further developments of this charming nanofabrication approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youfu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
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