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Tan W, Zheng JH, Duong TMN, Koh YI, Lee SE, Rhee JH. A Fusion Protein of Derp2 Allergen and Flagellin Suppresses Experimental Allergic Asthma. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2019; 11:254-266. [PMID: 30661317 PMCID: PMC6340794 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2019.11.2.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The house dust mite (HDM) is one of the most important sources of indoor allergens and a significant cause of allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma. Our previous studies demonstrated that Vibrio vulnificus flagellin B (FlaB) plus allergen as a co-treatment mixture improved lung function and inhibited eosinophilic airway inflammation through the Toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway in an ovalbumin (OVA)- or HDM-induced mouse asthma model. In the present study, we fused the major mite allergen Derp2 to FlaB and compared the therapeutic effects of the Derp2-FlaB fusion protein with those of a mixture of Derp2 and FlaB in a Derp2-induced mouse asthma model. METHODS BALB/c mice sensitized with Derp2 + HDM were treated with Derp2, a Derp2 plus FlaB (Derp2 + FlaB) mixture, or the Derp2-FlaB fusion protein 3 times at 1-week intervals. Seven days after the final treatment, the mice were challenged intranasally with Derp2, and airway responses and Derp2-specific immune responses were evaluated. RESULTS The Derp2-FlaB fusion protein was significantly more efficacious in reducing airway hyperresponsiveness, lung eosinophil infiltration, and Derp2-specific IgE than the Derp2 + FlaB mixture. CONCLUSIONS The Derp2-FlaB fusion protein showed a strong anti-asthma immunomodulatory capacity, leading to the prevention of airway inflammatory responses in a murine disease model through the inhibition of Th2 responses. These findings suggest that the Derp2-FlaB fusion protein would be a promising vaccine candidate for HDM-mediated allergic asthma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Tan
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center and Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jin Hai Zheng
- Laboratory of In Vivo Molecular imaging, Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Tra-My Nu Duong
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center and Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young-Il Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Shee Eun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Joon Haeng Rhee
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center and Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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202
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Lauté-Caly DL, Raftis EJ, Cowie P, Hennessy E, Holt A, Panzica DA, Sparre C, Minter B, Stroobach E, Mulder IE. The flagellin of candidate live biotherapeutic Enterococcus gallinarum MRx0518 is a potent immunostimulant. Sci Rep 2019; 9:801. [PMID: 30692549 PMCID: PMC6349862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36926-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many links between gut microbiota and disease development have been established in recent years, with particular bacterial strains emerging as potential therapeutics rather than causative agents. In this study we describe the immunostimulatory properties of Enterococcus gallinarum MRx0518, a candidate live biotherapeutic with proven anti-tumorigenic efficacy. Here we demonstrate that strain MRx0518 elicits a strong pro-inflammatory response in key components of the innate immune system but also in intestinal epithelial cells. Using a flagellin knock-out derivative and purified recombinant protein, MRx0518 flagellin was shown to be a TLR5 and NF-κB activator in reporter cells and an inducer of IL-8 production by HT29-MTX cells. E. gallinarum flagellin proteins display a high level of sequence diversity and the flagellin produced by MRx0518 was shown to be more potent than flagellin from E. gallinarum DSM100110. Collectively, these data infer that flagellin may play a role in the therapeutic properties of E. gallinarum MRx0518.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine L Lauté-Caly
- 4D Pharma Research Ltd, Life Science Innovation Building, Cornhill Road, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZS, United Kingdom
| | - Emma J Raftis
- 4D Pharma Research Ltd, Life Science Innovation Building, Cornhill Road, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZS, United Kingdom.
| | - Philip Cowie
- 4D Pharma Research Ltd, Life Science Innovation Building, Cornhill Road, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZS, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Hennessy
- 4D Pharma Research Ltd, Life Science Innovation Building, Cornhill Road, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZS, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Holt
- 4D Pharma Research Ltd, Life Science Innovation Building, Cornhill Road, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZS, United Kingdom
| | - D Alessio Panzica
- 4D Pharma Research Ltd, Life Science Innovation Building, Cornhill Road, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZS, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Sparre
- 4D Pharma Research Ltd, Life Science Innovation Building, Cornhill Road, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZS, United Kingdom
| | - Beverley Minter
- 4D Pharma Research Ltd, Life Science Innovation Building, Cornhill Road, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZS, United Kingdom
| | - Eline Stroobach
- 4D Pharma Research Ltd, Life Science Innovation Building, Cornhill Road, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZS, United Kingdom
| | - Imke E Mulder
- 4D Pharma Research Ltd, Life Science Innovation Building, Cornhill Road, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZS, United Kingdom
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203
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Lei Y, Zhao F, Shao J, Li Y, Li S, Chang H, Zhang Y. Application of built-in adjuvants for epitope-based vaccines. PeerJ 2019; 6:e6185. [PMID: 30656066 PMCID: PMC6336016 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that epitope vaccines exhibit substantial advantages over conventional vaccines. However, epitope vaccines are associated with limited immunity, which can be overcome by conjugating antigenic epitopes with built-in adjuvants (e.g., some carrier proteins or new biomaterials) with special properties, including immunologic specificity, good biosecurity and biocompatibility, and the ability to vastly improve the immune response of epitope vaccines. When designing epitope vaccines, the following types of built-in adjuvants are typically considered: (1) pattern recognition receptor ligands (i.e., toll-like receptors); (2) virus-like particle carrier platforms; (3) bacterial toxin proteins; and (4) novel potential delivery systems (e.g., self-assembled peptide nanoparticles, lipid core peptides, and polymeric or inorganic nanoparticles). This review primarily discusses the current and prospective applications of these built-in adjuvants (i.e., biological carriers) to provide some references for the future design of epitope-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Furong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Junjun Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yangfan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shifang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Huiyun Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yongguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
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204
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Imam S, Dar P, Paparodis R, Almotah K, Al-Khudhair A, Hasan SAM, Salim N, Jaume JC. Nature of coexisting thyroid autoimmune disease determines success or failure of tumor immunity in thyroid cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:3. [PMID: 30616690 PMCID: PMC6323721 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-018-0483-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid cancer and thyroid autoimmunity are considered opposite extremes of immune-responses. However, several studies have suggested that thyroid cancer coexists with autoimmune thyroid diseases like Hashimoto Thyroiditis (HT) and Graves disease (GD). We have shown that the risk of developing thyroid cancer is higher in patients with a silent form of autoimmune thyroid disease -Euthyroid Hashimoto Thyroiditis-(EHT). Methods We analyzed data from 2633 consecutive patients with GD, HT, EHT and non-Autoimmune Thyroid Disease (Non-AITD) for the presence of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer (DTC). We further investigated the microenvironment, and cellular mechanism of protection from DTC in GD/EHT by ex-vivo aspirating infiltrates from thyroid samples. We also re-constituted in vitro the in-vivo microenvironment to mimic an in-vivo context. We isolated NK cells and differentiated macrophages into M1 and M2 phenotype from healthy human peripheral blood monocytes. Results DTC was less frequent/aggressive in GD as compared to EHT or Non-AITD. Intra-thyroidal immune-cell profiling revealed differential Natural Killer (NK) cell activity and macrophage polarization in the settings of GD versus EHT. In GD, NK-cells were activated, and macrophages showed M1-like phenotype whereas, in EHT, NK-cells were less active and macrophages displayed M2-like phenotype. Furthermore, in vitro co-cultures of NK-cells with differentiated macrophage subsets revealed that the presence of activated NK (NA) cells favors M1 macrophages, boosts macrophage action and amplifies the innate defense mechanisms. Moreover, co-culture of M2 macrophages with NA, increases the cytotoxicity of NK-cells and favors a pro-inflammatory microenvironment that reverts the anti-inflammatory M2 towards pro-inflammatory M1. Conclusion Surveillance innate immune-cells like Natural Killer (NK) cells and macrophages are complementary to each other in their actions. We discovered here that activated NK-cells in the background of the thyroid autoimmune disease, GD, drive macrophage differentiation to the M1/killer phenotype which in turn is cytotoxic to cancer cells and down regulates the M2/repair phenotype. Understanding the molecular basis of macrophage-NK cell interface in Thyroid Cancer, ETH and GD will open new vistas for immunopathology and therapeutic intervention. Macrophages/innate immunity can be modulated from M2 to M1 phenotype to help treat thyroid cancer as naturally done by GD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40425-018-0483-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnawaz Imam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Ave., M.S. 1186, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Pervaiz Dar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Ave., M.S. 1186, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Rodis Paparodis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Ave., M.S. 1186, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Khalil Almotah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Ave., M.S. 1186, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Ahmed Al-Khudhair
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Ave., M.S. 1186, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Syed Abdul-Moiz Hasan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Ave., M.S. 1186, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Nancy Salim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Ave., M.S. 1186, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Jaume
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Ave., M.S. 1186, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
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205
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Ma L, Zhou L, Lin J, Ji J, Wang Y, Jiang H, Shen X, Lu Z. Manipulation of the silkworm immune system by a metalloprotease from the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 90:176-185. [PMID: 30261235 PMCID: PMC6204220 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptide (AMP) production and melanization are two key humoral immune responses in insects. Induced synthesis of AMPs results from Toll and IMD signal transduction whereas melanization depends on prophenoloxidase (PPO) activation system. During invasion, pathogens produce toxins and other virulent factors to counteract host immune responses. Here we show that the pathways leading to PPO activation and AMP synthesis in the silkworm Bombyx mori are affected by a metalloprotease, named elastase B, secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1). The metalloprotease gene (lasB) was expressed shortly after PAO1 cells had been injected into the larval silkworm hemocoel, leading to an increase of elastase activity. Injection of the purified PAO1 elastase B into silkworm hemolymph compromised PPO activation. In contrast, the protease caused a level increase of gloverin, an AMP in the hemolymph. To verify our results obtained using the purified elastase B, we infected B. mori with PAO1 ΔlasB mutant and found that PO activity in hemolymph of the PAO1 ΔlasB-infected larvae was significantly higher than that in the wild type-infected. The mutant-inhabited hemolymph had lower levels of gloverin and antimicrobial activity. PAO1 ΔlasB showed a decreased viability in the silkworm hemolymph whereas the host had a lower mortality. In addition, the effects caused by the ΔlasB mutant were restored by a complementary strain. These data collectively indicated that the elastase B produced by PAO1 is an important virulent factor that manipulates the silkworm immune system during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lizhen Zhou
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jinshui Lin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiuyuan Ji
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Haobo Jiang
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Xihui Shen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhiqiang Lu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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206
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Recombinant flagellins with deletions in domains D1, D2, and D3: Characterization as novel immunoadjuvants. Vaccine 2018; 37:652-663. [PMID: 30583910 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial flagellin activates the innate immune system and ultimately the adaptive immune system through a Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5)-dependent signaling mechanism. Given that TLR5 is widely distributed in epithelia, flagellin is currently being developed as a mucosal adjuvant. Flagellin FliC from Salmonella enterica has four domains: the conserved D0 and D1 domains and the hypervariable D2 and D3 domains. The deletion of D3 and partial deletion of D2 in the recombinant FliCΔ174-400 strongly impairs flagellin's intrinsic antigenicity but does not affect the TLR5-dependent immunostimulation activity, i.e., the capacity to promote innate responses and adaptive responses to co-administered antigens. Here, we describe the development of novel recombinant flagellins with various deletions encompassing all of D2 and D3, and part of D1. Most of the recombinant molecules conserved an α-helical secondary structure that was as resistant to heat denaturation as the native protein. Whereas the recombinant flagellins' ability to trigger TLR5 varied markedly in vitro, most gave equivalent in vivo TLR5-dependent innate immune responses following intranasal administration of 2 μg of flagellin to mice. Concordantly, the recombinant flagellins were also valuable respiratory adjuvants for eliciting antibody responses to the foreign antigen ovalbumin, although their intrinsic antigenicity was decreased compared to the native flagellin and not increased compared to FliCΔ174-400. Our results show that the additional deletions of D2 and the distal part of D1 of FliCΔ174-400 does not impact on antigenicity and does not significantly modify the immunostimulatory adjuvant activity. Altogether, this study generated a novel set of recombinant flagellin that constitutes a portfolio of TLR5-dependent candidate adjuvants for vaccination.
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207
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Renu S, Markazi AD, Dhakal S, Lakshmanappa YS, Gourapura SR, Shanmugasundaram R, Senapati S, Narasimhan B, Selvaraj RK, Renukaradhya GJ. Surface engineered polyanhydride-based oral Salmonella subunit nanovaccine for poultry. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:8195-8215. [PMID: 30555234 PMCID: PMC6280892 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s185588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Salmonellosis is a severe economic threat in poultry and a public health concern. Currently available vaccines are ineffective, and thus, developing effective oral Salmonella vaccine is warranted. Especially, a potent oral vaccine such as the mucoadhesive polyanhydride nanoparticle (PNP) protects the vaccine cargo and delivers to intestinal immune sites to elicit robust mucosal immunity and mitigate Salmonella colonization and shedding. MATERIALS AND METHODS We designed a Salmonella subunit vaccine using PNP containing immunogenic Salmonella outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and flagellar (F) protein-entrapped and surface F-protein-coated PNPs (OMPs-F-PNPs) using a solvent displacement method. Using high-throughput techniques, we characterized the OMPs-F-PNPs physicochemical properties and analyzed its efficacy in layer birds vaccinated orally. RESULTS The candidate vaccine was resistant in acidic microenvironment and had ideal physicochemical properties for oral delivery in terms of particle size, charge, morphology, biocompatibility, and pH stability. In vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo studies showed that F-protein surface-anchored nanoparticles were better targeted to chicken immune cells in peripheral blood and splenocytes and intestinal Peyer's patch sites. In layer chickens inoculated orally with OMPs-F-PNPs, substantially higher OMPs-specific IgG response and secretion of Th1 cytokine IFN-γ in the serum, enhanced CD8+/CD4+ cell ratio in spleen, and increased OMPs-specific lymphocyte proliferation were observed. OMPs-F-PNPs vaccination also upregulated the expression of toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and -4, TGF-β, and IL-4 cytokines' genes in chicken cecal tonsils (lymphoid tissues). Importantly, OMPs-F-PNPs vaccine cleared Salmonella cecal colonization in 33% of vaccinated birds. CONCLUSION This pilot in vivo study demonstrated the targeted delivery of OMPs-F-PNPs to ileum mucosal immune sites of chickens and induced specific immune response to mitigate Salmonella colonization in intestines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Renu
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA,
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,
| | - Ashley D Markazi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Santosh Dhakal
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA,
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,
| | - Yashavanth S Lakshmanappa
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA,
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,
| | - Suren R Gourapura
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA,
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,
| | - Revathi Shanmugasundaram
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Sujata Senapati
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Balaji Narasimhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Ramesh K Selvaraj
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA,
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA,
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,
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208
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Hellman S, Hjertner B, Morein B, Fossum C. The adjuvant G3 promotes a Th1 polarizing innate immune response in equine PBMC. Vet Res 2018; 49:108. [PMID: 30348190 PMCID: PMC6389152 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0602-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulatory effect of a new particulate adjuvant, G3, alone or in combination with agonists to TLR2/1 or TLR5 was evaluated in cultures of equine PBMC. Exposure to the G3 adjuvant up-regulated genes encoding IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p40 and IL-23p19 in the majority of the horses tested, indicating that the G3 adjuvant induced a pro-inflammatory and Th1 dominated profile. In accordance, genes encoding IL-13, IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β remained unaffected and genes encoding IFN-α, IL-17A and TNF-α were only occasionally and weakly induced. The two TLR agonists Pam3CSK4 (TLR2/1) and FliC (TLR5) induced cytokine profiles characterized by a clear induction of IL-10 as well as up-regulation of the genes encoding IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8. The presence of G3 modified this response, in particular by reducing the FliC and Pam3CSK4 induced production of IL-10. Furthermore, G3 acted in synergy with Pam3CSK4 in enhancing the production of IFN-γ whereas G3 combined with FliC increased the gene expression of IL-8. Thus, the G3 adjuvant seems to have the capacity to promote a Th1 polarizing innate immune response in eqPBMC, both by favouring IFN-γ production and by reducing production of IL-10 induced by co-delivered molecules. These features make G3 an interesting candidate to further evaluate for its potential as an adjuvant in equine vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina Hellman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, Box 7028, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Bernt Hjertner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, Box 7028, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bror Morein
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, Box 7028, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Caroline Fossum
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, Box 7028, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
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Asadi Karam MR, Shirzad AM, Habibi M, Bouzari S. A heterologous prime-boost route of vaccination based on the truncated MrpH adhesin and adjuvant properties of the flagellin from Proteus mirabilis against urinary tract infections. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 58:40-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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210
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Incorporation of membrane-anchored flagellin into Salmonella Gallinarum bacterial ghosts induces early immune responses and protection against fowl typhoid in young layer chickens. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 199:61-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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