201
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Liu J, Zhang J, Kim SH, Lee HS, Marinoia E, Song WY. Characterization of Brassica rapa metallothionein and phytochelatin synthase genes potentially involved in heavy metal detoxification. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252899. [PMID: 34086824 PMCID: PMC8177407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassica rapa is an important leafy vegetable that can potentially accumulate high concentrations of cadmium (Cd), posing a risk to human health. The aim of the present study was to identify cadmium detoxifying molecular mechanisms in B. rapa using a functional cloning strategy. A cDNA library constructed from roots of B. rapa plants treated with Cd was transformed into the Cd sensitive yeast mutant strain DTY167 that lacks the yeast cadmium factor (YCF1), and resistant yeast clones were selected on Cd containing media. Two hundred genes potentially conferring cadmium resistance were rescued from the surviving yeast clones and sequenced. Sequencing analysis revealed that genes encoding for metallothionein (MT)1, MT2a, MT2b and MT3, and phytochelatin synthase (PCS)1 and PCS2 accounted for 35.5%, 28.5%, 4%, 11.3%, 18.7% and 2%, respectively of the genes identified. MTs and PCSs expressing DTY167 cells showed resistance to Cd as well as to Zn. PCS1 expressing yeast cells were also more resistant to Pb compared to those expressing MTs or PCS2. RT-PCR results showed that Cd treatment strongly induced the expression levels of MTs in the root and shoot. Furthermore, the different MTs and PCSs exhibited tissue specific expression. The results indicate that MTs and PCS genes potentially play a central role in detoxifying Cd and other toxic metals in B. rapa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayou Liu
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Sun Ha Kim
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Sook Lee
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Enrico Marinoia
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Won-Yong Song
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
- * E-mail:
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202
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Iqbal T, Cao M, Zhao Z, Zhao Y, Chen L, Chen T, Li C, Zhou X. Damage to the Testicular Structure of Rats by Acute Oral Exposure of Cadmium. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18116038. [PMID: 34199704 PMCID: PMC8200047 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most important heavy metal toxicants, used throughout the world at the industrial level. It affects humans through environmental and occupational exposure and animals through the environment. The most severe effects of oral exposure to Cd on the male reproductive system, particularly spermatogenesis, have not been discussed. In this study, we observed the damage to the testes and heritable DNA caused by oral exposure to Cd. Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into four groups: a control group and three groups treated with 5, 10, and 15 mg Cd/kg/day for 17 days by oral gavage. Our results revealed that Cd significantly decreases weight gain in 10 and 15 mg/kg groups, whereas the 5 mg/kg groups showed no difference in weight gain. The histopathology showed adverse structural effects on the rat testis by significantly reducing the thickness of the tunica albuginea, the diameter of the tubular lumen, and the interstitial space among seminiferous tubules and increasing the height of the epithelium and the diameter of the seminiferous tubules in Cd treated groups. Comet assay in epididymal sperms demonstrated a significant difference in the lengths of the head and comet in all the 3 Cd treated groups, indicating damage in heritable DNA, although variations in daily sperm production were not significant. Only a slight decrease in sperm count was reported in Cd-treated groups as compared to the control group, whereas the tail length, percentage of DNA in head, and tail showed no significant difference in control and all the experimental groups. Overall, our findings indicate that Cd toxicity must be controlled using natural sources, such as herbal medicine or bioremediation, with non-edible plants, because it could considerably affect heritable DNA and induce damage to the reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xu Zhou
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (X.Z.)
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203
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Huang ML, Yen PL, Liao VHC. A combined approach to remediate cadmium contaminated sediment using the acidophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacterial SV5 and untreated coffee ground. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 273:129662. [PMID: 33497987 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in sediment is an emerging concern for the sustainability of aquatic ecosystem due to the toxicity of Cd is correlated to different trophic levels. An effective and inexpensive remediation strategy for Cd-contaminated sediment is desirable. The feasibility of using a newly isolated acidophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacterium and untreated coffee ground to remediate Cd-contaminated sediment was evaluated. The bioleaching approach was firstly conducted with the acidophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacterial SV5, resulting in Cd(II) release from Cd(II)-contaminated sediment. Subsequently, Cd(II) in the acidic leachate was further removed using untreated agricultural wastes. Untreated coffee ground exhibited about 2-fold Cd(II) removal efficiency comparing to that of rice husk and peanut shell. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis were conducted to characterize the coffee ground after the adsorption of 0 or 200 mg/L Cd(II). At pH 4, the optimal coffee ground concentration was 30 g/L along with 100 mg/L Cd(II) concentration. Adsorption of Cd(II) by coffee ground was rapid and the adsorption kinetic followed pseudo-second order model. Cd(II) sorption by coffee ground was a favorable process and Langmuir isotherm model well described the experimental data. Taken together, even at pH 4, coffee ground still showed good biosorption capacity for Cd(II) with short equilibrium time. This study suggests that acidophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacterial SV5 and untreated coffee ground could be used as inexpensive and environment-friendly biomaterial and agricultural waste for the remediation of Cd-contaminated sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Lun Huang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Yen
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Vivian Hsiu-Chuan Liao
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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204
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Taghavizadeh Yazdi ME, Amiri MS, Nourbakhsh F, Rahnama M, Forouzanfar F, Mousavi SH. Bio-indicators in cadmium toxicity: Role of HSP27 and HSP70. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:26359-26379. [PMID: 33834331 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13687-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of proteins that are expressed by cells in reply to stressors. The changes in concentration of HSPs could be utilized as a bio-indicator of oxidative stress caused by heavy metal. Exposure to the different heavy metals may induce or reduce the expression of different HSPs. The exposure to cadmium ion (Cd2+) could increase HSP70 and HSP27 over 2- to 10-fold or even more. The in vitro and in vivo models indicate that the HSP70 family is more sensitive to Cd intoxication than other HSPs. The analyses of other HSPs along with HSP70, especially HSP27, could also be useful to obtain more accurate results. In this regard, this review focuses on examining the literature to bold the futuristic uses of HSPs as bio-indicators in the initial assessment of Cd exposure risks in defined environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fahimeh Nourbakhsh
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rahnama
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Fatemeh Forouzanfar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Hadi Mousavi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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205
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Ge J, Liu LL, Cui ZG, Talukder M, Lv MW, Li JY, Li JL. Comparative study on protective effect of different selenium sources against cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity via regulating the transcriptions of selenoproteome. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 215:112135. [PMID: 33780782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, which mainly input to the aquatic environment through discharge of industrial and agricultural waste, can be a threat to human and animal health. Selenium (Se) possesses a beneficial role in protecting animals and ameliorating the toxic effects of Cd. However, the comparative antagonistic effects of different Se sources such as inorganic, organic Se and nano-form Se on Cd toxicity are still under-investigated. Hence, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the comparative of Se sources antagonism on Cd-induced nephrotoxicity via oxidative stress and selenoproteome transcription. In the present study, Cd-diet disturbed in the system balance of 5 trace elements (Zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Se, Cd) and impaired renal function. Se sources, including nano- Se (NS), Se- yeast (SY), sodium selenite (SS) and mixed selenium (MS) significantly recovered the balance of 4 trace elements (Zn, Cu, Cd, Se) and renal impaired indexes (blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CREA)). Histological appearance of Cd-treated kidney indicated renal tubular epithelial vacuoles, particle degeneration and enlarged capsular space. Ultrastructure observation results illustrated that Cd-induced mitochondrial cristae reduction, membrane disappearance, and nuclear deformation. Treatment with Se sources, NS appeared a better impact on improving kidney tissues against the pathological alterations resulting from Cd administration. Meanwhile, NS reflected a significant impact on relieving Cd-induced kidney oxidative damage, and significantly restored the antioxidant defense system of the body. Our findings also showed NS ameliorated the Cd-induced downtrends expression of selenoproteome and selenoprotein synthesis related transcription factors. Overall, NS was the most effective Se source in avoiding of Cd cumulative toxicity, improving antioxidant capacity and regulating of selenoproteome transcriptome and selenoprotein synthesis related transcription factors expression, which contributes to ameliorate Cd-induced nephrotoxicity in chickens. These results demonstrated diet supplement with NS may prove to be an effective approach for alleviating Cd toxicity and minimizing Cd -induced health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Li-Li Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Zheng-Guo Cui
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Fukui School of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Milton Talukder
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal 8210, Bangladesh
| | - Mei-Wei Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jin-Yang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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206
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Zhao H, Pan Y, Wang C, Guo Y, Yao N, Wang H, Li B. The Effects of Metal Exposures on Charlson Comorbidity Index Using Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial Regression Model: NHANES 2011-2016. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:2104-2111. [PMID: 32816137 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02331-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the rising incidence of chronic diseases, and the increase of aging population has led to multimorbidity a serious public health problem. The aim of this study was to explore the association between metal exposures and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), which will provide valuable information for improving quality of life and reducing mortality. METHODS The study sample consists of three continuous cycles (2011-2016) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), and 4901 eligible subjects were included in the study. Zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) model was utilized to investigate the effects in metal exposures on CCI, which includes spot urine (arsenic, mercury, and cadmium), whole blood (manganese, selenium, and lead), and serum (copper and zinc). RESULTS In count part (CCI ≥ 0), holding other variables constant, the expected change in CCI for a one-unit increase in blood selenium is 0.997 (RR = 0.997, p = 0.017). In logit part (CCI = 0), the log odds of having CCI equals zero would increase by 0.659, 1.073, and 0.963 for every additional urinary cadmium (OR = 0.659, p = 0.007), blood lead (OR = 1.073, p = 0.023), blood manganese (OR = 0.963, p = 0.025), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that cadmium and manganese were likely to increase mortality. Inversely, selenium and lead might be positive on people's health. The findings may be extremely essential for preventing diseases and improving life quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hantong Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingan Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Changcong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinpei Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
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207
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Liao Y, Zheng H, Wu L, He L, Wang Y, Ou Y, Yang H, Peng S, Chen F, Wang X, Zhao J. Cadmium cytotoxicity and possible mechanisms in human trophoblast HTR-8/SVneo cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:1111-1124. [PMID: 33559965 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in the human body through food chain can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes. In this study, Cd cytotoxicity and its mechanisms in HTR-8/SVneo cells were investigated. Cd disrupted the cellular submicrostructure and inhibited the cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The levels of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde content, and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total superoxode dismutase (T-SOD) were concentration-dependently increased by Cd. In addition, Cd dose-dependently inducedcell apoptosis and decreased cell migration and invasion capacities. Finally, Cd significantly upregulated all the genes related to oxidative stress (SOD1, ROS1, and HSPA6), inflammatory response, cell cycle, apoptosis, and migration and invasion. This study will provide insights into the prevention and treatment of pregnancy-related diseases caused by Cd intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Langbo Wu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei He
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangsong Ou
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan 2nd Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sichuan 2nd Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiqin Peng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengwang Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wuwei Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Wuwei, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayuan Zhao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
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208
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Bhardwaj JK, Paliwal A, Saraf P. Effects of heavy metals on reproduction owing to infertility. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22823. [PMID: 34051019 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The reproductive performance of most of the species is adversely affected by hazardous heavy metals like lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, zinc, and copper. Heavy metals are liberated in the environment by natural sources like rock weathering, volcanic eruption, and other human activities like industrial discharge, mineral mining, automobile exhaust, and so forth. Heavy metals alter several reproductive functions in both males and females like a decrease in sperm count, motility, viability, spermatogenesis, hormonal imbalance, follicular atresia, and delay in oocyte maturation, and so forth, and thus, forms an important aspect of reproductive toxicology. The present review compiles toxicity aspects of various heavy metals and their efficacy and mechanism of action in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender K Bhardwaj
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Aakansha Paliwal
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Priyanka Saraf
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
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209
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Protective Effect of Resveratrol against Hepatotoxicity of Cadmium in Male Rats: Antioxidant and Histopathological Approaches. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11050594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is widely used in some industries and emitted from fossil fuels. It is a heavy metal with a number of side effects, including hepatotoxicity. Resveratrol (Rs) is considered an important polyphenol, which is a secondary plant metabolite and has the ability to scavenge free radicals. The study was designed to evaluate the effects of resveratrol on Cd, which induced hepatotoxicity, by the assessment of some histopathological and biochemical alterations. Forty male albino rats were divided into four groups: the 1st group was the control group, the 2nd group was treated with Cd (5 mg/kg), the 3rd group was given Rs (20 mg/kg), and the 4th group was treated with Cd in combination with Rs intraperitoneally for 30 successive days. The results indicate that Cd increased liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase (AST and ALT), alkaline phosphatase ALP and gamma-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT) while reducing the total protein level; Cd increased the malondialdhyde (MDA) level while decreasing the levels of other antioxidant enzymes super oxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase (SOD, CAT and GPx). Serious congestion and hemorrhage related to the hepatic tissues were noticed in the Cd group, and Rs plays a major role in alleviating histopathological injuries and hepatic oxidative damage. It is clear that Rs has the ability to minimize the hepatotoxicity induced by Cd in male rats.
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210
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Alshammari GM, Al-Qahtani WH, AlFaris NA, Alzahrani NS, Alkhateeb MA, Yahya MA. Quercetin prevents cadmium chloride-induced hepatic steatosis and fibrosis by downregulating the transcription of miR-21. Biofactors 2021; 47:489-505. [PMID: 33733575 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated if cadmium chloride (CdCl2 )-induced hepatic steatosis and fibrosis and the protective effect of quercetin (QUR) are mediated modulating the activity of miR-21, a known hepatic lipogenic and fibrotic miRNA. Male rats (n = 8/group) were divided as control, control + QUR (50 mg/kg; orally), CdCl2 (10 moml/L; drinking water), CdCl2 + miR-21 antagomir (inhibitor) (16 mg/kg/first 3 days), and CdCl2 + QUR (50 mg/kg). Treatments were conducted for 20 weeks, daily. All treatments showed no effect on fasting glucose and insulin levels. Administration of either miR-21 or QUR prevented CdCl2 -induced hepatic damage, as well as lipid droplets and collagen deposition. They also reduced serum levels of ALT and AST and decreased serum and hepatic levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoproteins in CdCl2 -treated rats. Concomitantly, they reduced hepatic levels of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, suppressed the activation of NF-kb P65, and increased hepatic levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). These effects were associated with reduced expression of SREBP1, TGF-β1, Smad3, and collagen1 A and increased expression of PPARα, CPT1, and smad7. Interestingly, QUR significantly lowered levels of miR-21 and increased the protein levels and activity of Nrf2, as well as levels of GSH and SOD in the livers of both the control and CdCl2 -treated rats. Of note, levels of Nrf2 were negatively correlated with the transcription of miR-21. In conclusion: QUR prevents CdCl2 -induced hepatic steatosis and fibrosis mainly through attenuating its ability to upregulate miR-21, at least, by upregulation of Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghedeir M Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wahidah H Al-Qahtani
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora A AlFaris
- Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadiah S Alzahrani
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A Alkhateeb
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abdo Yahya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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211
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Renu K, Chakraborty R, Myakala H, Koti R, Famurewa AC, Madhyastha H, Vellingiri B, George A, Valsala Gopalakrishnan A. Molecular mechanism of heavy metals (Lead, Chromium, Arsenic, Mercury, Nickel and Cadmium) - induced hepatotoxicity - A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129735. [PMID: 33736223 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals pose a serious threat if they go beyond permissible limits in our bodies. Much heavy metal's viz. Lead, Chromium, Arsenic, Mercury, Nickel, and Cadmium pose a serious threat when they go beyond permissible limits and cause hepatotoxicity. They cause the generation of ROS which in turn causes numerous injuries and undesirable changes in the liver. Epidemiological studies have shown an increase in the levels of such heavy metals in the environment posing a serious threat to human health. Epigenetic alterations have been seen in the event of exposure to such heavy metals. Apoptosis, caspase activation as well as ultrastructural changes in the hepatocytes have also been seen due to heavy metals. Inflammation involving TNF-alpha, pro-inflammatory cytokines, MAPK, ERK pathways have been seen in the event of heavy metal hepatotoxicity. All these have shown that these heavy metals pose a serious threat to human health in particular and the environment as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaviyarasi Renu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Rituraj Chakraborty
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Haritha Myakala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Rajeshwari Koti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Ademola C Famurewa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike lkwo, Nigeria
| | - Harishkumar Madhyastha
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889 1692, Japan
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alex George
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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212
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Investigation of Apoptotic and Inflammatory Activity in Liver Tissue of Rats Fed with Clam (Pecten maximus, Linnaeus 1758). REV ROMANA MED LAB 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/rrlm-2021-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
One of the most important threats for living things in aquatic ecosystems is environmental pollution. The changes in water quality caused by environmental pollution also reduce the quality of life for organisms in the environment. Among these, the crustaceans which are most affected by the negative changes of environment, fed by the filtration method, are seen as pollution indicator. The consumption of these creatures reaches all steps of the pyramid, especially humans, through the food chain. People who frequently use seafood in their diets may be affected by these negative changes. Heavy metal contents of the clams obtained from Dardanelles were determined by the ICPOES. Twenty-four female Wistar albino rats were fed for 30 days with the experimental diet using clams (Pecten maximus), which was dried and formed into pellets and added to the food in certain proportions. At the end of the study, the subjects were sacrificed under anesthesia, liver tissues were taken, and histochemical examination was performed. TUNEL method was performed to detect apoptotic activity, and immunohistochemical staining with TNF-α and NF-κB antibodies to determine inflammation. Concluding from the results, it was observed that the degeneration of vital digestive system tissues such as liver was inevitable in living creatures that frequently consume seafood obtained from unhealthy environment in their daily diets. The high analysis values of the heavy metal (P. maximus) in food additive can be considered as a reason for histopathological results.
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213
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Balali-Mood M, Naseri K, Tahergorabi Z, Khazdair MR, Sadeghi M. Toxic Mechanisms of Five Heavy Metals: Mercury, Lead, Chromium, Cadmium, and Arsenic. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:643972. [PMID: 33927623 PMCID: PMC8078867 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.643972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 610] [Impact Index Per Article: 203.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The industrial activities of the last century have caused massive increases in human exposure to heavy metals. Mercury, lead, chromium, cadmium, and arsenic have been the most common heavy metals that induced human poisonings. Here, we reviewed the mechanistic action of these heavy metals according to the available animal and human studies. Acute or chronic poisonings may occur following exposure through water, air, and food. Bioaccumulation of these heavy metals leads to a diversity of toxic effects on a variety of body tissues and organs. Heavy metals disrupt cellular events including growth, proliferation, differentiation, damage-repairing processes, and apoptosis. Comparison of the mechanisms of action reveals similar pathways for these metals to induce toxicity including ROS generation, weakening of the antioxidant defense, enzyme inactivation, and oxidative stress. On the other hand, some of them have selective binding to specific macromolecules. The interaction of lead with aminolevulinic acid dehydratase and ferrochelatase is within this context. Reactions of other heavy metals with certain proteins were discussed as well. Some toxic metals including chromium, cadmium, and arsenic cause genomic instability. Defects in DNA repair following the induction of oxidative stress and DNA damage by the three metals have been considered as the cause of their carcinogenicity. Even with the current knowledge of hazards of heavy metals, the incidence of poisoning remains considerable and requires preventive and effective treatment. The application of chelation therapy for the management of metal poisoning could be another aspect of heavy metals to be reviewed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Balali-Mood
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Kobra Naseri
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Zoya Tahergorabi
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khazdair
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mahmood Sadeghi
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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214
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Akavaram S, Desai ML, Park TJ, Murthy Z, Kailasa SK. Trypsin encapsulated gold-silver bimetallic nanoclusters for recognition of quinalphos via fluorescence quenching and of Zn2+ and Cd2+ ions via fluorescence enhancement. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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215
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Saran U, Tyagi A, Chandrasekaran B, Ankem MK, Damodaran C. The role of autophagy in metal-induced urogenital carcinogenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 76:247-257. [PMID: 33798723 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Environmental and/or occupational exposure to metals such as Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), and Chromium (Cr) have been shown to induce carcinogenesis in various organs, including the urogenital system. However, the mechanisms responsible for metal-induced carcinogenesis remain elusive. We and others have shown that metals are potent inducers of autophagy, which has been suggested to be an adaptive stress response to allow metal-exposed cells to survive in hostile environments. Albeit few, recent experimental studies have shown that As and Cd promote tumorigenesis via autophagy and that inhibition of autophagic signaling suppressed metal-induced carcinogenesis. In light of the newly emerging role of autophagic involvement in metal-induced carcinogenesis, the present review focuses explicitly on the mechanistic role of autophagy and potential signaling pathways involved in As-, Cd-, and Cr-induced urogenital carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttara Saran
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Ashish Tyagi
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | | | - Murali K Ankem
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Chendil Damodaran
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States; College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas A&M, College Station, TX, United States.
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216
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Bovio F, Sciandrone B, Urani C, Fusi P, Forcella M, Regonesi ME. Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and cadmium: A three models approach to the comprehension of its neurotoxic effects. Neurotoxicology 2021; 84:125-135. [PMID: 33774064 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread toxic environmental contaminant, released by anthropogenic activities. It interferes with essential metal ions homeostasis and affects protein structures and functions by substituting zinc, copper and iron. In this study, the effect of cadmium on SOD1, a CuZn metalloenzyme catalyzing superoxide conversion into hydrogen peroxide, has been investigated in three different biological models. We first evaluated the effects of cadmium combined with copper and/or zinc on the recombinant GST-SOD1, expressed in E. coli BL21. The enzyme activity and expression were investigated in the presence of fixed copper and/or zinc doses with different cadmium concentrations, in the cellular medium. Cadmium caused a dose-dependent reduction in SOD1 activity, while the expression remains constant. Similar results were obtained in the cellular model represented by the human SH-SY5Y neuronal cell line. After cadmium treatment for 24 and 48 h, SOD1 enzymatic activity decreased in a dose- and time-dependent way, while the protein expression remained constant. Finally, a 16 h cadmium treatment caused a 25 % reduction of CuZn-SOD activity without affecting the protein expression in the Caenorhabditis elegans model. Taken together our results show an inhibitory effect of cadmium on SOD1 enzymatic activity, without affecting the protein expression, in all the biological models used, suggesting that cadmium can displace zinc from the enzyme catalytic site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Bovio
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Sciandrone
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Urani
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milan, Italy; Integrated Models for Prevention and Protection in Environmental and Occupational Health, (MISTRAL), Interuniversity Research Center, Italy
| | - Paola Fusi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milan, Italy; Integrated Models for Prevention and Protection in Environmental and Occupational Health, (MISTRAL), Interuniversity Research Center, Italy.
| | - Matilde Forcella
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milan, Italy.
| | - Maria Elena Regonesi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milan, Italy; Milan Center of Neuroscience (NeuroMI), 20126, Milan, Italy
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217
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Arbi S, Bester MJ, Pretorius L, Oberholzer HM. Adverse cardiovascular effects of exposure to cadmium and mercury alone and in combination on the cardiac tissue and aorta of Sprague-Dawley rats. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2021; 56:609-624. [PMID: 33720805 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2021.1899534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify cardiovascular effects of relevant concentrations of Cd and Hg alone and in combination as a mixture in water. This was achieved by administering to male Sprague-Dawley rats via gavage 0.62 mg/kg Cd or 1.23 mg/kg Hg, or a combination of 0.62 mg/kg Cd and 1.23 mg/kg Hg in the co-exposure group for 28 days. Concentrations were the rat equivalence dosages of 1,000 times the World Health Organization's limits of 0.003 mg/L and 0.006 mg/L for Cd and Hg, respectively, for water. With termination, blood levels of the metals were increased. For all metal exposed groups, histological evaluation and transmission electron microscopy of the myocardium revealed myofibrillar necrosis, increased fibrosis, vacuole formation and mitochondrial damage. Cd caused the most mitochondrial damage while Hg to a greater degree induced fibrosis. In the aorta, both Cd and Hg also increased collagen deposition adversely altering the morphology of the fenestrated elastic fibers in the tunica media. Co-exposure resulted in increased cardiotoxicity with increased mitochondrial damage, fibrosis and distortion of the aortic wall as a result of increased collagen deposition, as well as altered elastin deposition, fragmentation and interlink formation. These are typical features of oxidative damage that correlates with a phenotype of premature ageing of the CVS that potentially can lead to hypertension and premature cardiac failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Arbi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, South Africa
| | - Megan Jean Bester
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, South Africa
| | - Liselle Pretorius
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, South Africa
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218
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Park E, Kim J, Kim B, Park EY. Association between environmental exposure to cadmium and risk of suspected non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 266:128947. [PMID: 33220986 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM We evaluated the associations between blood Cadmium (Cd) concentrations and risk of suspected NAFLD using nationally representative data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008-2013, 2016 and 2017. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 12,099 adults for the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and hepatic steatosis index (HSI) analyses and 2,904 adults for the serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and fatty liver index (FLI) analyses, without significant alcohol consumption. Blood Cd concentrations were measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Data were analyzed using survey logistic regression models. RESULTS Odds ratios (ORs) of suspected NAFLD increased significantly per unit of natural log-transformed blood Cd concentration (OR [95% (CI)], for ALT, overall: 1.50 [1.34, 1.68], men: 1.64 [1.40, 2.10] and women: 1.29 [1.08, 1.47]; for GGT, overall: 1.77 [1.33, 2.35], men: 2.28 [1.53, 3.41] and women: 1.27 [0.82, 1.97]; for FLI, overall: 1.84 [1.32, 2.57], men: 1.91 [1.24, 2.94] and women: 1.58 [0.87, 2.86]; for HSI, overall: 1.19 [1.07, 1.32], men: 1.17 [1.01, 1.37] and women: 1.14 [0.99, 1.32]). The blood Cd concentrations associated with risk of suspected NAFLD were lower than those previously reported (for ALT, > 0.64 μg/L, for GGT, > 1.41 μg/L, for FLI, > 0.96 μg/L, and for HSI, > 1.41 μg/L). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the reference level of blood Cd should probably be lower than the previously recommended value to prevent adverse health effects due to Cd exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjung Park
- Division of Cancer Prevention & Early Detection, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsun Kim
- Division of TB and HIV/AIDS Control, Center for Disease Prevention, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungmi Kim
- Division of Cancer Prevention & Early Detection, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Park
- Division of Cancer Prevention & Early Detection, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
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219
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Zhao X, Wang S, Li X, Liu H, Xu S. Cadmium exposure induces TNF-α-mediated necroptosis via FPR2/TGF-β/NF-κB pathway in swine myocardium. Toxicology 2021; 453:152733. [PMID: 33626375 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one common environmental pollutant with systemic toxicity. Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) can regulate transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway and alleviate tissue injury via binding to formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2). The activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway can promote the occurence of necroptosis. However, whether Cd exposure induces necroptosis in swine myocardium and the role of FPR2/TGF-β/NF-κB pathway in this process are unclear. Hence, we established Cd-exposed swine myocardial injury model by feeding a CdCl2 added diet (20 mg Cd/kg diet). Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining was used to observe the morphological changes, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was performed to detect the levels of ion elements in myocardium. We further detected LXA4 and its receptor FPR2, TGF-β, Nrf2, NF-κB pathway and necroptosis related-genes expressions by RT-PCR and western blot. The results showed that Cd exposure induced necrotic cell death and ion homeostasis imbalance in swine myocardium. Moreover, Cd exposure increased the LXA4 content, inhibited the FPR2 expression, activated TGF-β pathway and suppressed Nrf2 pathway, activating the NF-κB pathway. In addition, Cd exposure increased the expressions of necroptosis related-genes TNF-α, TNFR1, RIP1, RIP3 and MLKL. It indicated Cd exposure induced necroptosis via FPR2/TGF-β/NF-κB pathway, revealing the potential mechanism of Cd-induced cardiotoxicity in swine myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Shengchen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Honggui Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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220
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Cai J, Guan H, Jiao X, Yang J, Chen X, Zhang H, Zheng Y, Zhu Y, Liu Q, Zhang Z. NLRP3 inflammasome mediated pyroptosis is involved in cadmium exposure-induced neuroinflammation through the IL-1β/IkB-α-NF-κB-NLRP3 feedback loop in swine. Toxicology 2021; 453:152720. [PMID: 33592257 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) chloride, as widely distributed toxic environmental pollutants by using in industry, severely imperils animal and human health. Pyroptosis is a Cas1-dependent pro-inflammatory programmed cell death and involves in various types of diseases. Nevertheless, the mechanism of pyroptosis and Cd-induced neurotoxicity remains obscure. To investigate the specific molecular mechanisms of Cd-induced neurotoxicity, 10 weaned piglets were randomly divided into 2 groups treated with 0 and 20 mg/kg CdCl2 in the diet for 40 days. The levels of pyroptosis, mitochondrial and inflammation-related genes were validated by qRT-PCR and WB in vivo. Our results revealed that Cd caused cerebral histopathology lesions, inducing cerebral pyroptosis and the mass generation of inflammatory cytokines, as indicated by the increased NLRP3 inflammasome activation (NLRP3, Cas1 and ASC) and the upregulation of inflammation factors IL-2, IL-6, IL-7 and inhibition of IL-10. Subsequently, further research indicated that Cd triggered pyroptosis via activating the TRAF6-IkB-α-NF-κB pathway, which interfered with the phosphorylation and ubiquitination of IkB-α. Furthermore, Cd caused mitochondrial dysfunction and fragmentation by inhibiting the AMPK-PGC-1α-NRF1/2 signaling pathway and reduced the expression of mitochondrial-related regulatory factors OPA1, TFAM and mtDNA, resulting in the increase of NLRP3 inflammasome. Besides, we found eight hub genes (IKK, IKB-α, NLRP3, TRAF6, NF-κB, AMPK, TNFα and PGC-1α), mainly related to the interaction between the NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome. Overall, these results demonstrated that Cd could promote the IL-1β/IkB-α-NF-κB-NLRP3 inflammasome activation positive feedback loop to result in neuroinflammation in swine, which provided new insights in understanding Cd-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzeng Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Haoyue Guan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, PR China
| | - Xing Jiao
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yingying Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yue Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, PR China.
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221
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Salek Maghsoudi A, Hassani S, Mirnia K, Abdollahi M. Recent Advances in Nanotechnology-Based Biosensors Development for Detection of Arsenic, Lead, Mercury, and Cadmium. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:803-832. [PMID: 33568907 PMCID: PMC7870343 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s294417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals cause considerable environmental pollution due to their extent and non-degradability in the environment. Analysis and trace levels of arsenic, lead, mercury, and cadmium as the most toxic heavy metals show that they can cause various hazards in humans' health. To achieve rapid, high-sensitivity methods for analyzing ultra-trace amounts of heavy metals in different environmental and biological samples, novel biosensors have been designed with the participation of strategies applied in nanotechnology. This review attempted to investigate the novel, sensitive, efficient, cost-benefit, point of care, and user-friendly biosensors designed to detect these heavy metals based on functional mechanisms. The study's search strategies included examining the primary databases from 2015 onwards and various keywords focusing on heavy metal biosensors' performance and toxicity mechanisms. The use of aptamers and whole cells as two important bio-functional nanomaterials is remarkable in heavy metal diagnostic biosensors' bioreceptor design. The application of hybridized nanomaterials containing a specific physicochemical function in the presence of a suitable transducer can improve the sensing performance to achieve an integrated detection system. Our study showed that in addition to both labeled and label-free detection strategies, a wide range of nanoparticles and nanocomposites were used to modify the biosensor surface platform in the detection of heavy metals. The detection limit and linear dynamic range as an essential characteristic of superior biosensors for the primary toxic metals are studied. Furthermore, the perspectives and challenges facing the design of heavy metal biosensors are outlined. The development of novel biosensors and the application of nanotechnology, especially in real samples, face challenges such as the capability to simultaneously detect multiple heavy metals, the interference process in complex matrices, the efficiency and stability of nanomaterials implemented in various laboratory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Salek Maghsoudi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Hassani
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kayvan Mirnia
- Department of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kechiche S, Venditti M, Knani L, Jabłońska K, Dzięgiel P, Messaoudi I, Reiter RJ, Minucci S. First evidence of the protective role of melatonin in counteracting cadmium toxicity in the rat ovary via the mTOR pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 270:116056. [PMID: 33199064 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the first evidence of the ability of melatonin (MLT) to counteract cadmium (Cd) toxic effects on the rat ovary is reported. Cd treatment, enhancing oxidative stress, provoked clear morphological, histological and biomolecular alterations, i.e. in the estrous cycle duration, in the ovarian and serum E2 concentration other than in the steroidogenic and folliculogenic genes expression. Results demonstrated that the use of MLT, in combination with Cd, avoided the changes, strongly suggesting that it is an efficient antioxidant for preventing oxidative stress in the rat ovary. Moreover, to explore the underlying mechanism involved, at molecular level, in the effects of Cd-MLT interaction, the study focused on the mTOR and ERK1/2 pathways. Interestingly, data showed that Cd influenced the phosphorylation status of mTOR, of its downstream effectors and of ERK1/2, inducing autophagy and apoptosis, while cotreatment with MLT nullified these changes. This work highlights the beneficial role exerted by MLT in preventing Cd-induced toxicity in the rat ovary, encouraging further studies to confirm its action on human ovarian health with the aim to use this indolamine to ameliorate oocyte quality in women with fertility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Kechiche
- Laboratoire LR11ES41 Génétique Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bio-ressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Massimo Venditti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sez. Fisiologia Umana e Funzioni Biologiche Integrate "F. Bottazzi", Università Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Latifa Knani
- Laboratoire LR11ES41 Génétique Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bio-ressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Karolina Jabłońska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Imed Messaoudi
- Laboratoire LR11ES41 Génétique Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bio-ressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sergio Minucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sez. Fisiologia Umana e Funzioni Biologiche Integrate "F. Bottazzi", Università Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy.
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Mirkov I, Popov Aleksandrov A, Ninkov M, Tucovic D, Kulas J, Zeljkovic M, Popovic D, Kataranovski M. Immunotoxicology of cadmium: Cells of the immune system as targets and effectors of cadmium toxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 149:112026. [PMID: 33508420 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) has been listed as one of the most toxic substances affecting numerous tissues/organs, including the immune system. Due to variations in studies examining Cd effects on the immune system (exposure regime, experimental systems, immune endpoint measured), data on Cd immunotoxicity in humans and experimental animals are inconsistent. However, it is clear that Cd can affect cells of the immune system and can modulate some immune responses. Due to the complex nature of the immune system and its activities which are determined by multiple interactions, the underlying mechanisms involved in the immunotoxicity of this metal are still vague. Here, the current knowledge regarding the interaction of Cd with cells of the immune system, which may affect immune responses as well as potential mechanisms of consequent biological effects of such activities, is reviewed. Tissue injury caused by Cd-induced effects on innate cell activities depicts components of the immune system as mediators/effectors of Cd tissue toxicity. Cd-induced immune alterations, which may compromise host defense against pathogenic microorganisms and homeostatic reparative activities, stress this metal as an important health hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Mirkov
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar despota Stefana, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Popov Aleksandrov
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar despota Stefana, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Marina Ninkov
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar despota Stefana, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia; Université Côte D'Azur, Institute of Biology Valrose, Nice (iBV), INSERM U1091, 06107, Nice, France
| | - Dina Tucovic
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar despota Stefana, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Jelena Kulas
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar despota Stefana, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Milica Zeljkovic
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar despota Stefana, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Dusanka Popovic
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar despota Stefana, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Milena Kataranovski
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar despota Stefana, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
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Bjørklund G, Pivina L, Dadar M, Semenova Y, Chirumbolo S, Aaseth J. Long-Term Accumulation of Metals in the Skeleton as Related to Osteoporotic Derangements. Curr Med Chem 2021; 27:6837-6848. [PMID: 31333081 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190722153305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The concentrations of metals in the environment are still not within the recommended limits as set by the regulatory authorities in various countries because of human activities. They can enter the food chain and bioaccumulate in soft and hard tissues/organs, often with a long half-life of the metal in the body. Metal exposure has a negative impact on bone health and may result in osteoporosis and increased fracture risk depending on concentration and duration of metal exposure and metal species. Bones are a long-term repository for lead and some other metals, and may approximately contain 90% of the total body burden in birds and mammals. The present review focuses on the most common metals found in contaminated areas (mercury, cadmium, lead, nickel, chromium, iron, and aluminum) and their effects on bone tissue, considering the possibility of the long-term bone accumulation, and also some differences that might exist between different age groups in the whole population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Toften 24, 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Lyudmila Pivina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan,CONEM Kazakhstan Environmental Health and Safety Research Group, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Yuliya Semenova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan,CONEM Kazakhstan Environmental Health and Safety Research Group, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy,CONEM Scientific Secretary, Verona, Italy
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway,Faculty of Health and Social Science, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences,
Elverum, Norway
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225
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Aminzadeh A, Salarinejad A. Effects of myricetin against cadmium-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:84-90. [PMID: 33613976 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most prevalent toxic metals widely found in the environment. Cd induces toxicity and apoptosis in various organs and cells. The nervous system is one of the primary organs targeted by Cd. Cd toxicity is correlated with induction of severe oxidative stress. Myricetin, a natural product, has been found to exert protective effects against various disease conditions. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential protective effects of myricetin on Cd-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. The cells were pretreated with myricetin in the absence and presence of Cd. The viability of cells was assessed using the MTT assay. Markers of oxidative stress were investigated by the lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione (GSH) content, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Moreover, activation of caspase 3 was examined by Western blot analysis. Myricetin could significantly enhance the viability of PC12 cells. Pretreatment of the cells with myricetin, prior to Cd exposure, showed a significant decrease in the levels of LPO whereas GSH and TAC levels were increased. In addition, the activity of caspase-3 was notably prevented by myricetin. These findings revealed that myricetin has protective effects on Cd-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells, which can be linked to its antioxidant potential, inhibition of LPO, and prevention of caspase-3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Aminzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Haft-Bagh Blvd., P.O. Box 7616911319, Kerman, Iran.,Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Haft-Bagh Blvd., P.O. Box 7616911319, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ayda Salarinejad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Haft-Bagh Blvd., P.O. Box 7616911319, Kerman, Iran
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226
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Baudou FG, Eissa BL, Ossana NA, Mastrángelo MM, Ferro JP, Campos LB, Ferrari L. First baseline for bioenergetic biomarkers in Cnesterodon decemmaculatus as test organism in ecotoxicological studies. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111639. [PMID: 33396159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cnesterodon decemmaculatus is a Neotropical teleost fish frequently used in ecotoxicological evaluations, whose biology has been thoroughly studied. Although there is considerable information on its response to different toxicants, no range of reference values has been so far established for the different biological parameters proposed as biomarkers of effect or exposure. Moreover, no study has yet examined the possible influence of the metabolic status of the exposed animals on their response to toxic stress. Therefore, the aim of this work was to provide a first baseline for a set of bioenergetic biomarkers in C. decemmaculatus adults exposed to a control medium under previously standardized conditions, and to assess their possible intrinsic seasonal variability. The responses of the biomarkers obtained from the controls were contrasted with those from the reference toxicant (Cadmio-Cd) and receiving waters (surface waters of the Reconquista River RR, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina). We conducted four 12-day assays (one in each season) of exposure to control media, (reconstituted moderate hard water, MHW) and two assays of exposure to Cd in MHW and surface river water (RR) in both summer and autumn. The variables recorded were: Food intake (In), fecal production (F), specific assimilation (A) and cumulative mortality, oxygen extraction efficiency (OEE), specific metabolic rate (SMR), ammonia excretion (N), ammonia quotient (AQ) and scope for growth (SFG). The seasonal variation shown by some physiological parameters, points to the need for establishing a baseline obtained from standardized media, preferably on a seasonal basis. Moreover, SFG and A appeared as the most sensitive biomarkers, emphasizing the importance to consider the metabolic status of the test organisms for the appropriate interpretation of results from ecotoxicological studies performed under controlled experimental conditions. The obtained results provide useful information on C. decemmaculatus as model species in ecotoxicological bioassays involving biomarkers of early effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico G Baudou
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Lujan, B6700ZBA Luján, Argentina; Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES), Universidad Nacional de Luján - CONICET, P.O. Box 221, B6700ZBA Luján, Argentina.
| | - Bettina L Eissa
- Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES), Universidad Nacional de Luján - CONICET, P.O. Box 221, B6700ZBA Luján, Argentina; Programa de Ecofisiología Aplicada (PRODEA), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Lujan, P.O. Box 221, B6700ZBA Luján, Argentina
| | - Natalia A Ossana
- Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES), Universidad Nacional de Luján - CONICET, P.O. Box 221, B6700ZBA Luján, Argentina; Programa de Ecofisiología Aplicada (PRODEA), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Lujan, P.O. Box 221, B6700ZBA Luján, Argentina
| | - Martina M Mastrángelo
- Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES), Universidad Nacional de Luján - CONICET, P.O. Box 221, B6700ZBA Luján, Argentina; Programa de Ecofisiología Aplicada (PRODEA), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Lujan, P.O. Box 221, B6700ZBA Luján, Argentina
| | - Juan P Ferro
- Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES), Universidad Nacional de Luján - CONICET, P.O. Box 221, B6700ZBA Luján, Argentina; Programa de Ecofisiología Aplicada (PRODEA), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Lujan, P.O. Box 221, B6700ZBA Luján, Argentina
| | - Liria B Campos
- Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES), Universidad Nacional de Luján - CONICET, P.O. Box 221, B6700ZBA Luján, Argentina; Programa de Ecofisiología Aplicada (PRODEA), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Lujan, P.O. Box 221, B6700ZBA Luján, Argentina
| | - Lucrecia Ferrari
- Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES), Universidad Nacional de Luján - CONICET, P.O. Box 221, B6700ZBA Luján, Argentina
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227
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Demchenkov EL, Nagdalian AA, Budkevich RO, Oboturova NP, Okolelova AI. Usage of atomic force microscopy for detection of the damaging effect of CdCl 2 on red blood cells membrane. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111683. [PMID: 33396015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of detecting the damaging effect of cadmium salts on red blood cells (RBC) membrane by atomic force microscopy and light microscopy was studied. White wistar rats RBC were incubated with cadmium chloride in concentrations of 1 μg/l, 10 μg/l, 100 μg/l, and 1000 μg/l for the research. A comparison of sample preparation methods proposed by other authors in previous studies is made. The optimal method that does not significantly affect the change in the morphological features of the cell is selected. The quantitative assessment of damaged and destroyed RBC depending on the concentration of cadmium was performed by optical microscopy. The study showed that CdCl2 has a damaging effect on the RBC membrane, which leads to the formation of non-specific cell forms. A comparative assessment was made between the methods of optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy for the suitability of studying the morphological characteristics of abnormal forms of the RBC. It is shown that the method of atomic force microscopy allows registering morphological changes in the RBC that cannot be registered by optical microscopy. It is pointed that CdCl2 has effect on destruction of the RBC and the formation of specific bulges on the RBC membrane. Influence of CdCl2 on the RBC mechanical properties was studied using atomic force microscopy. The possibility of using atomic force microscopy in studies of morphology and mechanical properties of the RBC under toxicity effect of cadmium is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A A Nagdalian
- North Caucasus Federal University, Stavropol, Russian Federation.
| | - R O Budkevich
- North Caucasus Federal University, Stavropol, Russian Federation
| | - N P Oboturova
- North Caucasus Federal University, Stavropol, Russian Federation
| | - A I Okolelova
- Kuban State Agrarian University, Krasnodar, Russian Federation
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228
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Xia X, Wu S, Zhou Z, Wang G. Microbial Cd(II) and Cr(VI) resistance mechanisms and application in bioremediation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 401:123685. [PMID: 33113721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The heavy metals cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) are extensively used in industry and result in water and soil contamination. The highly toxic Cd(II) and Cr(VI) are the most common soluble forms of Cd and Cr, respectively. They enter the human body through the food chain and drinking water and then cause serious illnesses. Microorganisms can adsorb metals or transform Cd(II) and Cr(VI) into insoluble or less bioavailable forms, and such strategies are applicable in Cd and Cr bioremediation. This review focuses on the highlighting of novel achievements on microbial Cd(II) and Cr(VI) resistance mechanisms and their bioremediation applications. In addition, the knowledge gaps and research perspectives are also discussed in order to build a bridge between the theoretical breakthrough and the resolution of Cd(II) and Cr(VI) contamination problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation & Utilization, Hubei Engineering Research Center of Special Wild Vegetables Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization Technology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstrating Center, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, PR China
| | - Shijuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Zijie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Gejiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
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229
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Barsouk A, Thandra KC, Saginala K, Rawla P, Barsouk A. Chemical Risk Factors of Primary Liver Cancer: An Update. Hepat Med 2021; 12:179-188. [PMID: 33447099 PMCID: PMC7801911 DOI: 10.2147/hmer.s278070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer has the sixth highest incidence and fourth highest cancer mortality worldwide. Hepatitis B is the leading cause of liver cancer, though its incidence is decreasing with vaccination. Alcohol is the leading cause of liver transplant, cirrhosis, and cancer in the developed world, and is projected to surpass hepatitis B as the leading hepatic cancer etiology worldwide. Tobacco smoking has shown a positive association with liver cancer in a majority of studies, though not all. Aflatoxin, a mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus, is estimated to account for 3–20% of global liver cancer cases, 40% of which occur in sub-Saharan Africa. These statistics are confounded by the prevalence of hepatitis B, which may have a synergistic effect on hepatic carcinogenesis. Aflatoxin is ingested and likely inhaled from agricultural products, placing farmers, food processors, and textile workers in developing nations at risk. Vinyl-chloride is used in the production of PVC plastics and causes rare liver angiosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and other neoplasms. Arsenic and cadmium are naturally-occurring, hepatocarcinogenic metals with high occupational exposure in industries involving coal, metals, plastics, and batteries. Millions of laborers in waste-disposal and manufacturing are exposed to organic solvents and N-nitrosamines, which vary from carcinogenic (group 1) to possibly carcinogenic (group 2B) in their IARC designation. Insecticide DDT is possibly hepatocarcinogenic (group 2B), though continues to be used for malaria control in the developing world. While suggested by case reports, anabolic steroids and oral contraceptives have not been shown to increase liver cancer risk in large studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Barsouk
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Krishna Chaitanya Thandra
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sentara Virginia Beach General Hospital, Virginia Beach, VA, USA
| | - Kalyan Saginala
- Plains Regional Medical Group Internal Medicine, Clovis, NM 88101, USA
| | - Prashanth Rawla
- Department of Medicine, Sovah Health, Martinsville, VA 24112, USA
| | - Alexander Barsouk
- Hematologist-Oncologist, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA
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230
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Hernández-Rodríguez J, López AL, Montes S, Bonilla-Jaime H, Morales I, Limón-Morales O, Ríos C, Hernández-González M, Vigueras-Villaseñor RM, Arteaga-Silva M. Delay in puberty indices of Wistar rats caused by Cadmium. Focus on the redox system in reproductive organs. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 99:71-79. [PMID: 33249230 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Puberty is a transitional period from juvenile stage to adulthood, followed by the functional maturation of gonads and reproductive organs. This period is sensitive to environmental pollutants like cadmium (Cd), a heavy metal that represents a serious health risk. Cd is an endocrine disruptor that interferes with reproduction by causing oxidative stress in the reproductive organs, affecting the sexual function and decreasing testosterone (T) levels. However, little research has been done on the effects of Cd on puberty markers and antioxidant systems. In this study, we evaluated the effects of Cd on puberty markers: preputial separation, testes descent and T levels, and the antioxidant activity (SOD, CAT, GSH/GSSG and TAC) in the seminal vesicles, testis and epididymis. Male Wistar pups were treated with 1 mg/kg Cd or saline solution by i.p. injection from day 1 to 35; the other treatment was administrated for 49 days. At the end of treatment, the animals were sacrificed, and the tissues of interest dissected, weighed and prepared for the respective assays. Cd treated rats from birth to puberty showed a delay onset in the puberty markers and a low weight in reproductive organs. Also, Cd induced differential effects on the redox system in reproductive organs and decreased T levels, these effects played a pivotal role in the delay of puberty markers onset (testes descent and preputial separation), affecting the development and sexual maturity of the male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Hernández-Rodríguez
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ana Laura López
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, CINVESTAV Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sergio Montes
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Manuel Velasco Suárez, Insurgentes Sur 3877, Col. La Fama, C.P. 14269, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Herlinda Bonilla-Jaime
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ivis Morales
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ofelia Limón-Morales
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Camilo Ríos
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Manuel Velasco Suárez, Insurgentes Sur 3877, Col. La Fama, C.P. 14269, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marisela Hernández-González
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Francisco de Quevedo 180, Col. Arcos Vallarta, C.P. 44130, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Vigueras-Villaseñor
- Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Calzada México Xochimilco No. 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, C.P. 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marcela Arteaga-Silva
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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231
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Cuccaro A, De Marchi L, Oliva M, Sanches MV, Freitas R, Casu V, Monni G, Miragliotta V, Pretti C. Sperm quality assessment in Ficopomatus enigmaticus (Fauvel, 1923): Effects of selected organic and inorganic chemicals across salinity levels. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111219. [PMID: 32931966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Contamination by organic and inorganic compounds remains one of the most complex problems in both brackish and marine environments, causing potential implications for the reproductive success and survival of several broadcast spawners. Ficopomatus enigmaticus is a tubeworm polychaete that has previously been used as a model organism for ecotoxicological analysis, due to its sensitivity and ecological relevance. In the present study, the effects of five trace elements (zinc, copper, cadmium, arsenic and lead), one surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) and one polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (benzo(a)pyrene, B(a)P) on the sperm quality of F. enigmaticus were investigated. Sperm suspensions were exposed in vitro to different concentrations of each selected contaminant under four salinity conditions (10, 20, 30, 35). Possible adverse effects on sperm function were assessed by measuring oxidative stress, membrane integrity, viability and DNA damage. Sperm quality impairments induced by organic contaminants were more evident than those induced by inorganic compounds. SDS exerted the largest effect on sperm. In addition, F. enigmaticus sperm showed high tolerance to salinity variation, supporting the wide use of this species as a promising model organism for ecotoxicological assays. Easy and rapid methods on polychaete spermatozoids were shown to be effective as integrated sperm quality parameters or as an alternative analysis for early assessment of marine and brackish water pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Cuccaro
- Interuniversity Consortium of Marine Biology and Applied Ecology "G. Bacci", 57128, Livorno, Italy; Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Lucia De Marchi
- Interuniversity Consortium of Marine Biology and Applied Ecology "G. Bacci", 57128, Livorno, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Oliva
- Interuniversity Consortium of Marine Biology and Applied Ecology "G. Bacci", 57128, Livorno, Italy
| | - Matilde Vieira Sanches
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Valentina Casu
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56122, San Piero a Grado, PI, Italy
| | - Gianfranca Monni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56122, San Piero a Grado, PI, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Miragliotta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56122, San Piero a Grado, PI, Italy
| | - Carlo Pretti
- Interuniversity Consortium of Marine Biology and Applied Ecology "G. Bacci", 57128, Livorno, Italy; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56122, San Piero a Grado, PI, Italy.
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232
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Paithankar JG, Saini S, Dwivedi S, Sharma A, Chowdhuri DK. Heavy metal associated health hazards: An interplay of oxidative stress and signal transduction. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:128350. [PMID: 33182141 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal-induced cellular and organismal toxicity have become a major health concern in biomedical science. Indiscriminate use of heavy metals in different sectors, such as, industrial-, agricultural-, healthcare-, cosmetics-, and domestic-sectors has contaminated environment matrices and poses a severe health concern. Xenobiotics mediated effect is a ubiquitous cellular response. Oxidative stress is one such prime cellular response, which is the result of an imbalance in the redox system. Further, oxidative stress is associated with macromolecular damages and activation of several cell survival and cell death pathways. Epidemiological as well as laboratory data suggest that oxidative stress-induced cellular response following heavy metal exposure is linked with an increased risk of neoplasm, neurological disorders, diabetes, infertility, developmental disorders, renal failure, and cardiovascular disease. During the recent past, a relation among heavy metal exposure, oxidative stress, and signaling pathways have been explored to understand the heavy metal-induced toxicity. Heavy metal-induced oxidative stress and its connection with different signaling pathways are complicated; therefore, the systemic summary is essential. Herein, an effort has been made to decipher the interplay among heavy metals/metalloids (Arsenic, Chromium, Cadmium, and Lead) exposures, oxidative stress, and signal transduction, which are essential to mount the cellular and organismal response. The signaling pathways involved in this interplay include NF-κB, NRF2, JAK-STAT, JNK, FOXO, and HIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish Gopal Paithankar
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Sanjay Saini
- Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Molecular and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Shiwangi Dwivedi
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Anurag Sharma
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India.
| | - Debapratim Kar Chowdhuri
- Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Lee HY, Oh SH. Autophagy-mediated cytoplasmic accumulation of p53 leads to apoptosis through DRAM-BAX in cadmium-exposed human proximal tubular cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 534:128-133. [PMID: 33321290 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is involved in cadmium (Cd)-induced apoptosis and autophagy. However, the regulatory mechanisms of p53 in Cd-induced kidney injury are not well established. Here, we report the role of autophagy in Cd-induced p53 induction in human proximal tubular cells (HK-2). HK-2 cells treated with Cd induced the expression of p53, DNA damage autophagy modulator (DRAM), and Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX), as well as caused poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP-1) cleavage. Cd exposure also induced autophagy with the accumulation of monomeric p62 and multiple high molecular weight form (HMW)-p62. The expression levels of p53, p62, microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3)-1, and LC3-II were similar in the sense that they increased up to 12 h and then gradually decreased. DRAM and BAX levels began to increase post autophagy induction and continued to increase, indicating that autophagy preceded apoptosis. While the genetic knockdown of p53 downregulated HWM-p62, DRAM, and BAX, the expression levels of these proteins were upregulated by p53 overexpression. The genetic knockdown of p62 downregulated p53, autophagy, DRAM, and BAX. The inhibition of autophagy through pharmacological and genetic knockdown reduced p53 and inhibited Cd-induced apoptosis. Collectively, Cd induces apoptosis through p53-mediated DRAM-BAX signaling, which can be regulated by autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Young Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, South Korea
| | - Seon-Hee Oh
- School of Medicine, Chosun University, 309 Pilmundaero, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, South Korea.
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234
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Zhou Z, Huang Z, Chen B, Lu Q, Cao L, Chen W. LncRNA-ENST00000446135 is a novel biomarker of cadmium toxicity in 16HBE cells, rats, and Cd-exposed workers and regulates DNA damage and repair. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:823-834. [PMID: 33447366 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and its compounds are well-known human carcinogens, but the mechanisms underlying the carcinogenesis are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate whether long noncoding RNA (LncRNA)-ENST00000446135 could serve as a novel biomarker of Cd toxicity in cells, animals, and Cd-exposed workers and regulate DNA damage and repair. LncRNA-ENST00000446135 expression increased gradually in cadmium chloride-transformed 16HBE cells. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of LncRNA-ENST00000446135 inhibited the growth of DNA-damaged cells and decreased the expressions of DNA damage-related genes (ATM, ATR, and ATRIP), whereas increased the expressions of DNA repair-related genes (DDB1, DDB2, OGG1, ERCC1, MSH2, XRCC1, and BARD1). Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing showed that MSH2 is a direct transcriptional target of lncRNA-ENST00000446135. Cadmium increased lncRNA-ENST00000446135 expression in the lung of Cd-exposed rats in a dose-dependent manner. A significant positive correlation was observed between blood ENST00000446135 expression and urinary/blood Cd concentrations, and there were significant correlations of LncRNA-ENST00000446135 expression with the DNA damage cell and the expressions of target genes in the lung of Cd-exposed rats and the blood of Cd-exposed workers and significantly correlated with liver and renal function in Cd-exposed workers. These results indicate that the expression of LncRNA-ENST00000446135 is upregulated and may serve as a signature for DNA damage and repair related to the epigenetic mechanisms underlying the cadmium toxicity and become a novel biomarker of cadmium toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Zhou
- Department of General Practice, Shenzhen Futian Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518040, China
| | - Zhijie Huang
- Department of Health Management, Guangzhou Huali Science and Technology Vocational College, Guangzhou 511325, China
| | - Baoxin Chen
- Department of Chronic Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Futian Hospital for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Disease, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Department of Disinsecticidal, Shenzhen Longang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518172, P.R. China
| | - Linlu Cao
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, MN 55455, USA
| | - Wenru Chen
- Department of General Practice, Shenzhen Futian Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518040, China
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235
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Rajak C, Singh N, Parashar P. Metal toxicity and natural antidotes: prevention is better than cure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:43582-43598. [PMID: 32951168 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity due to heavy metals (HM), specifically mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) remains a challenge to scientists till date. This review gives insights into natural antidotes for the management and prevention of HM toxicity. Various databases such as PubMed, Embase, and Science Direct were searched for available facts on natural antidotes and their commercial products against HM toxicity till date. Toxicity owing to such metals needs prevention rather than therapy. Natural antidotes, fruits and vegetables, rich in antioxidant are the answers to such toxicities. Synthetic chelators impart a major drawback of removing essential metals required for normal body function, along with the toxic one. Natural antioxidants are bestowed with scavenging and chelation properties and can be alternative for synthetic chelating agents. Natural compounds are abundantly available, economic, and have minimal side effects when compared with classical chelators. Prevention is better than cure and thus adding plentiful vegetables and fruits to our diet can combat HM toxicity-related illness. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Rajak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Near CRPF Base Camp, Ahmadpur urf Kamlapur, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India
| | - Neelu Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, UP, 226025, India
| | - Poonam Parashar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Near CRPF Base Camp, Ahmadpur urf Kamlapur, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, UP, 226025, India.
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236
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Bondad SEC, Kurasaki M. Analysis of Cadmium, Epigallocatechin Gallate, and Vitamin C Co-exposure on PC12 Cellular Mechanisms. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 198:627-635. [PMID: 32128694 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02097-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to cadmium (Cd) is a risk factor to health impairments, wherein its cytotoxicity is attributed to induction of oxidative stress. Usage of anti-oxidants, however, can help lessen the damaging effects of Cd. The effect of Cd interaction with low concentration of dietary anti-oxidants, L-ascorbic acid and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), to PC12 cellular mechanisms was examined. The expected toxicity of Cd was observed on PC12 cells but addition of L-ascorbic acid ameliorated this effect. On the other hand, addition of EGCG was able to increase the cytotoxicity of Cd and to decrease the protective effect of L-ascorbic acid against Cd. Increase in LDH activity and decrease in free sulfhydryl levels indicated cell membrane damage and oxidative stress, respectively, in Cd- and EGCG-Cd-treated cells. Downregulation of pro-apoptotic proteins (pro-caspase-9, p53, and ERK1) was observed in cells treated with Cd alone and EGCG-Cd, while upregulation of autophagy-linked proteins (p62 and pBeclin1) was found on L-ascorbic acid-Cd combination treatments. These findings indicate that Cd causes cells to undergo an autophagy-enhanced cell death; low-concentration EGCG and L-ascorbic acid promotes cell survival individually; however, interaction of EGCG with Cd showed enhancement of Cd toxicity and antagonism of L-ascorbic acid efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serene Ezra C Bondad
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kurasaki
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.
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237
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Wang C, Nie G, Zhuang Y, Hu R, Wu H, Xing C, Li G, Hu G, Yang F, Zhang C. Inhibition of autophagy enhances cadmium-induced apoptosis in duck renal tubular epithelial cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111188. [PMID: 32836151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates autophagy and apoptosis are involved in the toxicity mechanism of heavy metals. Our previous studies showed that cadmium (Cd) could induce autophagy and apoptosis in duck kidneys in vivo, nevertheless, the interaction between them has yet to be elucidated. Herein, the cells were either treated with 3CdSO4·8H2O (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 μM Cd) or/and 3-methyladenine (3-MA) (2.5 μM) for 12 h and the indictors related autophagy and apoptosis were detected to assess the correlation between autophagy and apoptosis induced by Cd in duck renal tubular epithelial cells. The results demonstrated that Cd exposure notably elevated intracellular and extracellular Cd contents, the number of autophagosomes and LC3 puncta, up-regulated LC3A, LC3B, Beclin-1, Atg5 mRNA levels, and Beclin-1 and LC3II/LC3I protein levels, down-regulated mTOR, p62 and Dynein mRNA levels and p62 protein level. Additionally, autophagy inhibitor 3-MA decreased Beclin-1, LC3II/LC3I protein levels and increased p62 protein level. Moreover, co-treatment with Cd and 3-MA could notably elevate Caspase-3, Cyt C, Bax, and Bak-1 mRNA levels, Caspase-3 and cleaved Caspase-3 protein levels, and cell apoptotic rate as well as cell damage, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), Bcl-2 mRNA level and the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax compared to treatment with Cd alone. Overall, these results indicate Cd exposure can induce autophagy in duck renal tubular epithelial cells, and inhibition of autophagy might aggravate Cd-induced apoptosis through mitochondria-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Gaohui Nie
- School of Information Technology, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, No. 665 Yuping West Street, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330032, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Yu Zhuang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Ruiming Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Huansheng Wu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Chenghong Xing
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Guyue Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China.
| | - Caiying Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China.
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238
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Pang L, Antonisamy P, Esmail GA, Alzeer AF, Al-Dhabi NA, Arasu MV, Ponmurugan K, Kim YO, Kim H, Kim HJ. Nephroprotective effect of pigmented violacein isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum in wistar rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:3307-3312. [PMID: 33304136 PMCID: PMC7715039 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to analyze the nephroprotective property of violacein obtained from the bacterium, Chromobacterium violaceum. The nephrotoxicity in the animal model was induced by gentamicin, potassium dichromate, mercuric chloride, and cadmium chloride-induced nephrotoxicity in the Wistar rats was analyzed by measuring the serum creatinine, uric acid, and urea level. The present investigation revealed the nephroprotective property on convoluted proximal tubule (S1 and S2 segments) and the straight proximal tubule (S3 segment). Also, violacein significantly improved the renal function by the renal protective property on S2 segment of proximal tubule from the nephrotoxicity stimulated by mercuric chloride, potassium dichromate, cadmium chloride and gentamicin in animal models. Animal model studies revealed that violacein at 20 and 40 mg/kg p.o improved the renal function and significantly reduced the increased amount of uric acid, creatinine, and blood urea compared to the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Pang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Paulrayer Antonisamy
- Ilwonbio Co., Ltd., Department of Physiology, Wonkwang University School of Korean Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Galal Ali Esmail
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Fahad Alzeer
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karuppiah Ponmurugan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Young Ock Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungsuk Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Jae Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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239
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Rakic A, Milovanovich ID, Trbovich AM, Stefanović S, Nikolić D, Janković S, Soldatović I, De Luka SR. Trace elements in different tissues in aging rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 62:126604. [PMID: 32634768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trace elements (TE) in the human body provide a connecting link between the environment, lifestyle and biochemical modulation of homeodynamics. On the other hand, many non-essential (toxic) elements are linked to numerous diseases. Our study tried to identify differences in TE levels between healthy old and young Wistar rats in blood and the tissues of kidney, liver, heart, and testicles. Furthermore, we wanted to see if there were age-related differences in correlations between essential and/or non-essential (toxic) TE within and between mentioned tissues. METHODS We used 28 healthy male Wistar rats which were divided into two age groups: young, aged 10 weeks (n = 15) and old, aged 36 months (n = 13). The animals were sacrificed under general anesthesia and the blood samples, and samples from the tissues of the heart, kidneys, testicles, and liver were used for the determination of TE content in them. Analysis of the 16 elements was performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). RESULTS Toxic elements in old rats (As, Hg, and Cd) were significantly higher in all of the tissues where the difference in levels of these elements was found. Tissues of the kidney and liver had the most correlations between TE in old and young rats, respectively. In both old and young rats, arsenic was the toxic element that had most of the correlations with other essential or non-essential elements. In old rats, most of the TE correlations were detected between the tissues of the kidney and heart (11 correlations), while in young rats most of the correlations were observed between the tissues of kidney and liver, and kidney and testicles (with 9 correlations both). CONCLUSIONS Our study has found significant changes in levels of trace elements in all of the mentioned tissues, with kidney and testicles being the tissues with the most TE differences between the two aged groups. This and other similar studies should encourage other investigators to evaluate the mutual connections between TE and physiological, or the "unhealthy" aging. More studies with more tissues included, more biomarkers of the systemic function, and even molecular methods are needed to provide the answers to numerous questions relating to TE and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Rakic
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | | | - Alexander M Trbovich
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Srđan Stefanović
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Kaćanskog 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Dragica Nikolić
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Kaćanskog 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Saša Janković
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Kaćanskog 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ivan Soldatović
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 15, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Silvio R De Luka
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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240
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Stortini AM, Baldo MA, Moro G, Polo F, Moretto LM. Bio- and Biomimetic Receptors for Electrochemical Sensing of Heavy Metal Ions. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E6800. [PMID: 33260737 PMCID: PMC7731017 DOI: 10.3390/s20236800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals ions (HMI), if not properly handled, used and disposed, are a hazard for the ecosystem and pose serious risks for human health. They are counted among the most common environmental pollutants, mainly originating from anthropogenic sources, such as agricultural, industrial and/or domestic effluents, atmospheric emissions, etc. To face this issue, it is necessary not only to determine the origin, distribution and the concentration of HMI but also to rapidly (possibly in real-time) monitor their concentration levels in situ. Therefore, portable, low-cost and high performing analytical tools are urgently needed. Even though in the last decades many analytical tools and methodologies have been designed to this aim, there are still several open challenges. Compared with the traditional analytical techniques, such as atomic absorption/emission spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and/or high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical or UV-VIS detectors, bio- and biomimetic electrochemical sensors provide high sensitivity, selectivity and rapid responses within portable and user-friendly devices. In this review, the advances in HMI sensing in the last five years (2016-2020) are addressed. Key examples of bio and biomimetic electrochemical, impedimetric and electrochemiluminescence-based sensors for Hg2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Cr6+, Zn2+ and Tl+ are described and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ligia Maria Moretto
- Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; (A.M.S.); (M.A.B.); (G.M.); (F.P.)
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241
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Popov Aleksandrov A, Mirkov I, Tucovic D, Kulas J, Ninkov M, Kataranovski M. Cadmium and immunologically-mediated homeostasis of anatomical barrier tissues. Toxicol Lett 2020; 337:38-45. [PMID: 33246043 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that when absorbed into the body causes nephrotoxicity and effects in other tissues.Anatomical barrier tissues are tissues that prevent the entry of pathogens and include skin, mucus membranes and the immune system. The adverse effects of Cd-induced immune cell's activity are the most extensively studied in the kidneys and the liver. There are though fewer data relating the effect of this metal on the other tissues, particularly in those in which cells of the immune system form local circuits of tissue defense, maintaining immune-mediated homeostasis. In this work, data on the direct and indirect effects of Cd on anatomical barrier tissue of inner and outer body surfaces (the lungs, gut, reproductive organs, and skin) were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Popov Aleksandrov
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research" Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar Despota Stefana, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Ivana Mirkov
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research" Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar Despota Stefana, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Dina Tucovic
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research" Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar Despota Stefana, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Jelena Kulas
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research" Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar Despota Stefana, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Marina Ninkov
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research" Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar Despota Stefana, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Milena Kataranovski
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research" Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar Despota Stefana, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
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Zhang Q, Zhang C, Ge J, Lv MW, Talukder M, Guo K, Li YH, Li JL. Ameliorative effects of resveratrol against cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity via modulating nuclear xenobiotic receptor response and PINK1/Parkin-mediated Mitophagy. Food Funct 2020; 11:1856-1868. [PMID: 32068207 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02287b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic pollutant with high nephrotoxicity in the agricultural environment. Resveratrol has been found to have a renoprotective effect but the underlying mechanisms of this have not yet been fully elucidated. The aim of this study is to illustrate the antagonism of resveratrol against Cd-induced nephrotoxicity. A total of 80 birds were divided randomly into 4 groups and treated via diet for 90 days as follows: control group (Con); 400 mg kg-1 resveratrol group (Resv); 140 mg kg-1 Cd group (Cd 140); and 140 mg kg-1 Cd + 400 mg kg-1 resveratrol group (Cd + Resv). It was observed that resveratrol treatment dramatically alleviated Cd-induced histopathological lesions of the kidney. Simultaneously, resveratrol mitigated Cd-induced oxidative stress by reducing MDA and H2O2 production, alleviating GSH depletion and restoring the activity of antioxidant enzymes (T-SOD, Cu-Zn SOD, CAT, GST and GSH-Px). Resveratrol activated NXRs (CAR/PXR/AHR/Nrf2) signaling pathways and exerted antidotal roles by enhancing the phase I and II detoxification systems to relieve oxidative damage. Moreover, resveratrol ameliorated Cd-induced ultrastructural abnormality and mitochondria dysfunction by recovering mitochondrial function-related factors VDAC1, Cyt C and Sirt3 upregulation and Sirt1, PGC-1α, Nrf1 and TFAM transcription restrictions. Resveratrol attenuated Cd-induced excessive mitochondrial fission and promoted mitochondrial fusion, which reversed PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy initiation. Collectively, our findings explicate the potential protection against Cd-induced nephrotoxicity and mitochondria damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.
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Kulas J, Tucovic D, Zeljkovic M, Popovic D, Popov Aleksandrov A, Ukropina M, Cakic Milosevic M, Glamoclija J, Kataranovski M, Mirkov I. Proinflammatory effects of environmental cadmium boost resistance to opportunistic pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus: Implications for sustained low-level pulmonary inflammation? Toxicology 2020; 447:152634. [PMID: 33197509 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic environmental heavy metals to which the general population is exposed mainly via the oral route. Owing to its immunomodulatory potential, orally acquired Cd affects antimicrobial immune defense in several organs, including the lungs. While there are data concerning Cd and viral and bacterial pulmonary infections, effects on fungal infections are not studied yet. In the present study, the effect of the Cd (5 mg/L for 30 days, in drinking water, the average daily Cd intake 0.641 ± 0.089 mg/kg) on the immune response of rats to pulmonary A. fumigatus infection was examined. Data obtained showed that orally acquired cadmium does not affect the elimination of the fungus in immunocompetent rats owing to the preservation of some aspects of innate immune responses (lung leukocyte infiltration and NBT reduction) and an increase in other (increased numbers of mucus-producing goblet cells, MPO release). Cd does not affect an IFN-γ response in lung leukocytes during the infection (despite suppression of cytokine production in cells of lung-draining lymph nodes), while it stimulates IL-17 and suppresses IL-10 response to the fungus. As a result, the elimination of the fungus occurs in a milieu with the prevailing proinflammatory response in Cd-exposed animals that preserved fungal elimination from the lungs, though with more intense injury to the lung tissue. Therefore, the proinflammatory microenvironment in the lungs created by Cd that sustains inflammatory/immune response to the fungus to which humans are exposed for a lifetime, raises a concern of orally acquired Cd as a risk factor for the development of chronic low-grade pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Kulas
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research" Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar despota Stefana, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Dina Tucovic
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research" Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar despota Stefana, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Milica Zeljkovic
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research" Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar despota Stefana, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Dusanka Popovic
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research" Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar despota Stefana, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Popov Aleksandrov
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research" Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar despota Stefana, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Mirela Ukropina
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 16 Studentski trg, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Maja Cakic Milosevic
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 16 Studentski trg, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Glamoclija
- Mycology Laboratory, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research" Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar despota Stefana, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Milena Kataranovski
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research" Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar despota Stefana, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Ivana Mirkov
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research" Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar despota Stefana, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
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244
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Požgajová M, Navrátilová A, Šebová E, Kovár M, Kačániová M. Cadmium-Induced Cell Homeostasis Impairment is Suppressed by the Tor1 Deficiency in Fission Yeast. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217847. [PMID: 33105893 PMCID: PMC7660220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium has no known physiological function in the body; however, its adverse effects are associated with cancer and many types of organ system damage. Although much has been shown about Cd toxicity, the underlying mechanisms of its responses to the organism remain unclear. In this study, the role of Tor1, a catalytic subunit of the target of rapamycin complex 2 (TORC2), in Cd-mediated effects on cell proliferation, the antioxidant system, morphology, and ionome balance was investigated in the eukaryotic model organism Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Surprisingly, spectrophotometric and biochemical analyses revealed that the growth rate conditions and antioxidant defense mechanisms are considerably better in cells lacking the Tor1 signaling. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content of Tor1-deficient cells upon Cd treatment represents approximately half of the wild-type content. The microscopic determination of the cell morphological parameters indicates the role for Tor1 in cell shape maintenance. The ion content, determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), showed that the Cd uptake potency was markedly lower in Tor1-depleted compared to wild-type cells. Conclusively, we show that the cadmium-mediated cell impairments in the fission yeast significantly depend on the Tor1 signaling. Additionally, the data presented here suggest the yet-undefined role of Tor1 in the transport of ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Požgajová
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-37-641-4919
| | - Alica Navrátilová
- Department of Genetics and Breeding Biology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Eva Šebová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Science, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Marek Kovár
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- Department of Fruit Science, Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia;
- Department of Bioenergetics, Food Analysis and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
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245
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Linking molecular targets of Cd in the bloodstream to organ-based adverse health effects. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 216:111279. [PMID: 33413916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The chronic exposure of human populations to toxic metals remains a global public health concern. Although chronic Cd exposure is linked to kidney damage, osteoporosis and cancer, the underlying biomolecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Since other diseases could also be causally linked to chronic Cd exposure, a systems toxicology-based approach is needed to gain new insight into the underlying exposure-disease relationship. This approach requires one to integrate the cascade of dynamic bioinorganic chemistry events that unfold in the bloodstream after Cd enters with toxicological events that unfold in target organs over time. To this end, we have conducted a systematic literature search to identify all molecular targets of Cd in plasma and in red blood cells (RBCs). Based on this information it is impossible to describe the metabolism of Cd and the toxicological relevance of it binding to molecular targets in/on RBCs is elusive. Perhaps most importantly, the role that peptides, amino acids and inorganic ions, including HCO3-, Cl- and HSeO3- play in terms of mediating the translocation of Cd to target organs and its detoxification is poorly understood. Causally linking human exposure to this metal with diseases requires a much better integration of the bioinorganic chemistry of Cd that unfolds in the bloodstream with target organs. This from a public health point of view important goal will require collaborations between scientists from different disciplines to untangle the complex mechanisms which causally link Cd exposure to disease.
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246
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Alharthi WA, Hamza RZ, Elmahdi MM, Abuelzahab HSH, Saleh H. Selenium and L-Carnitine Ameliorate Reproductive Toxicity Induced by Cadmium in Male Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 197:619-627. [PMID: 31863275 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-02016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) has been reported to reduce male fertility, impair reproductive capacity, and play a major role in the pathogenesis of infertility. This study was conducted to investigate the possible protective role of Selenium (Se) and L-carnitine (LC) against the adverse effects induced by Cd on the male reproductive system in mice. Animals were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 10); control group and six treated groups, as follows: Cd (0.35 mg/kg), Se (0.87 mg/kg), LC (10 mg/kg), and a combination of either Se or LC and then a combination of both with Cd, and all animals were injected for a period of 30 days. Exposure of Cd showed a significant decrease in enzymatic antioxidant activities, deficiency in reproductive performance, decrease serum testosterone level, severe changes in the histopathological architecture, and higher degree of damages and appearance of unblemished DNA strands. Treatment with Se and LC has the highly synergistic and ameliorates the damaging effect of Cd on the testis through the elevation of the enzymatic antioxidant and diminish histopathological abnormalities and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wed A Alharthi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham Z Hamza
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagzig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Magda M Elmahdi
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12316, Egypt
| | | | - Hanan Saleh
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12316, Egypt.
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247
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Huang XP, Kenakin TP, Gu S, Shoichet BK, Roth BL. Differential Roles of Extracellular Histidine Residues of GPR68 for Proton-Sensing and Allosteric Modulation by Divalent Metal Ions. Biochemistry 2020; 59:3594-3614. [PMID: 32865988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
GPR68, an orphan G-protein coupled receptor, senses protons, couples to multiple G-proteins, and is also activated or inhibited by divalent metal ions. It has seven extracellular histidine residues, although it is not clear how these histidine residues play a role in both proton-sensing and metal ion modulation. Here we demonstrate that divalent metal ions are allosteric modulators that can activate or inhibit proton activity in a concentration- and pH-dependent manner. We then show that single histidine mutants have differential and varying degrees of effects on proton-sensing and metal ion modulation. Some histidine residues play dual roles in proton-sensing and metal ion modulation, while others are important in one or the other but not both. Two extracellular disulfide bonds are predicted to constrain histidine residues to be spatially close to each other. Combining histidine mutations leads to reduced proton activity and resistance to metal ion modulation, while breaking the less conserved disulfide bond results in a more severe reduction in proton-sensing over metal modulation. The small-molecule positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) ogerin and lorazepam are not affected by these mutations and remain active at mutants with severely reduced proton activity or are resistant to metal ion modulation. These results suggest GPR68 possesses two independent allosteric modulation systems, one through interaction with divalent metal ions at the extracellular surface and another through small-molecule PAMs in the transmembrane domains. A new GPR68 model is developed to accommodate the findings which could serve as a template for further studies and ligand discovery by virtual ligand docking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shuo Gu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Brian K Shoichet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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248
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Peng L, Chen J, Chen L, Ding W, Gao Y, Wu Y, Xiong YL. Effect of degree of milling on the cadmium in vitro bioaccessibility in cooked rice. J Food Sci 2020; 85:3756-3763. [PMID: 32990369 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in rice grain is common worldwide. This study investigated the effect of degree of milling (DM) on the reduction of Cd in cooked rice grain and porridge (rice-to-water ratios 1:1.6 and 1:10, respectively) and Cd in vitro bioaccessibility. Cd-contaminated rice grains with DMs of 20%, 15%, and 0% were cooked and then subjected to successive digestion in a gastrointestinal environment model. Simulated-digestion juices, including saliva, gastric juice, duodenal juice, and bile juice, were used. The degree of gelatinization of cooked rice was measured and the morphological characteristics of the grain were also examined. The results showed that the Cd in vitro bioaccessibility, although less than 50% in all samples, was gradually increased with an increase of DM. The detected Cd bioaccessibility was higher at half meals (reduced grain content) when compared with full meals (full grain content). As DM increased, the surface of cooked rice grain and porridge became smoother, and the amount of fiber, fat droplets, and starch granules were gradually decreased, whereas degree of gelatinization increased. The results indicate that DM affects the Cd in vitro bioaccessibility in cooked rice by altering the gelatinization of starch. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Degree of milling (DM) significantly influenced the in vitro bioaccessibility of cadmium (Cd) in cooked rice. This work may offer a potential solution to the rice grain with high Cd content because a limited DM will allow a low bioaccessibility of Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Peng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China.,Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education and Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Jiwang Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Lu Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Wenping Ding
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China.,Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education and Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Yonggui Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Youling L Xiong
- Department of Animal & Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40546, USA
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249
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Delgado-Pinar E, Pineiro M, Sérgio Seixas de Melo J. A water-soluble bithiophene with increased photoluminescence efficiency and metal recognition ability. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:12319-12326. [PMID: 32841310 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01385d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A new water-soluble tri-tert-butyl-bithiophenesulfonamide (α2-tbS) was synthesized and a comprehensive spectroscopic and photophysical study was undertaken in organic solvents and water at different pH values. In contrast to the behaviour found for the parent (and un-substituted) α,α'-bithiophene (α2), in which radiationless decay processes are the main excited-state deactivation channels, the tert-butylsulfonamide derivative presents a significant fluorescence quantum yield (φF) (ca. one order of magnitude higher than that of α2). The high φF allowed further exploring α2-tbS as a selective fluorimetric sensor for metal ions. A strong selectivity towards Cu(ii) is observed at neutral pH values, whereas at pH = 9.5 a strong quenching upon the addition of Hg(ii) is observed. An additional high sensitivity of 0.64 ± 0.02 ppm towards Cu(ii) was observed, well below 1.25 ppm (∼20 μM), the maximum value allowed in drinking water by the EPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Delgado-Pinar
- University of Coimbra, CQC, Department of Chemistry, Rua Larga, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.
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250
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Bhardwaj JK, Panchal H, Saraf P. Cadmium as a testicular toxicant: A Review. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:105-117. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.4055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Kumar Bhardwaj
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra Haryana India
| | - Harish Panchal
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra Haryana India
| | - Priyanka Saraf
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra Haryana India
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