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Danpreedanan N, Yamuangmorn S, Jamjod S, Prom-U-Thai C, Pusadee T. Genotypic Variation of Purple Rice in Response to Shading in Yield, Anthocyanin Content, and Gene Expression. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2582. [PMID: 37447142 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Purple rice (Oryza sativa L.) contains anthocyanin, which acts as an antioxidant and functional food for humans. The levels of anthocyanin growth and production in rice are mainly controlled by the availability of light. However, shade can affect anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the yield and anthocyanin content among four purple rice varieties, which provide the difference in colors of purple and green leaves. This study also evaluated gene expression affected by shading treatment to understand the relation of grain anthocyanin and expression level. This research was conducted using a split plot design using four levels of shading (levels of shading from anthesis to maturity) with three replications, no shading, 30% shading, 50% shading, and 70% shading, as the main plots and purple rice varieties as subplots, KJ CMU-107, K2, K4, and KDK10, from anthesis to maturity. Shading significantly decreased yield and yield components, but increased grain anthocyanin content. Nonetheless, the response of yield and grain anthocyanin content to shading did not show a significant different between purple and green leaf varieties. In addition, the level of OsDFR gene expression was different depending on the shading level in four rice varieties. The OsDFR gene presented the highest expression at shading levels of 30% for K4 and 50% for KDK10, while the expression of the OsDFR gene was not detected in the purple rice varieties with green leaves (KJ CMU-107 and K2). The response of grain anthocyanin and gene expression of OsDFR to light treatment did not show significantly differences between the purple and green leaf varieties, suggesting that the appearance of anthocyanin in leaves might be not related to anthocyanin synthesis in the grain. Taken together, the results suggest that some purple rice varieties were more suitable for planting under low light intensity based on a lower level of grain yield loss, strong shade tolerance, and high anthocyanin content in leaf and grain pericarp. However, it is necessary to explore the effects of light intensity on genes and intermediates in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nantapat Danpreedanan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Sansanee Jamjod
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Lanna Rice Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Chanakan Prom-U-Thai
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Lanna Rice Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Tonapha Pusadee
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Lanna Rice Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
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202
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Dabravolski SA, Isayenkov SV. The Role of Anthocyanins in Plant Tolerance to Drought and Salt Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2558. [PMID: 37447119 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought and salinity affect various biochemical and physiological processes in plants, inhibit plant growth, and significantly reduce productivity. The anthocyanin biosynthesis system represents one of the plant stress-tolerance mechanisms, activated by surplus reactive oxygen species. Anthocyanins act as ROS scavengers, protecting plants from oxidative damage and enhancing their sustainability. In this review, we focus on molecular and biochemical mechanisms underlying the role of anthocyanins in acquired tolerance to drought and salt stresses. Also, we discuss the role of abscisic acid and the abscisic-acid-miRNA156 regulatory node in the regulation of drought-induced anthocyanin production. Additionally, we summarise the available knowledge on transcription factors involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis and development of salt and drought tolerance. Finally, we discuss recent progress in the application of modern gene manipulation technologies in the development of anthocyanin-enriched plants with enhanced tolerance to drought and salt stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siarhei A Dabravolski
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Braude Academic College of Engineering, Snunit 51, Karmiel 2161002, Israel
| | - Stanislav V Isayenkov
- Department of Plant Food Products and Biofortification, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Baidi-Vyshneveckogo Str., 2a, 04123 Kyiv, Ukraine
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203
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Jafarian M, Taghinia P, Sedaghati S. Development and characterization of a new active and intelligent packaging system based on soluble soybean polysaccharide- Malva sylvestris extract. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 60:1944-1951. [PMID: 37206422 PMCID: PMC10188721 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05727-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to develop an active and intelligent film based on soluble soybean polysaccharide (SSPS)/Malva sylvestris extract (MSE) to extend the shelf life of foodstuff and detect indirectly the food spoilage. The influence of MSE content on physico-mechanical properties, biological activity, and pH sensitivity of the SSPS-based films was examined. When the MSE concentration increased from 0 to 6% (w/w), water solubility and water vapor permeability of the films decreased (p ˂ 0.05). Clear antioxidant and antibacterial capacities were observed for SSPS films incorporated with different concentrations of MSE. SSPS/MSE films could sense the pH variation in a pH range of 7 to 8. SSPS/MSE film was used to detect the spoilage of shrimp and showed a pH-sensitive highly distinctive color variation from grey to dark green as the shrimp's quality altered. Overall, SSPS/MSE film can be introduced as a promising candidate for application as active and intelligent packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Jafarian
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouya Taghinia
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
| | - Sahebeh Sedaghati
- Present Address: Technical Manager at Kachcool Coffee Company, Mazandaran, Iran
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204
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Merecz-Sadowska A, Sitarek P, Kowalczyk T, Zajdel K, Jęcek M, Nowak P, Zajdel R. Food Anthocyanins: Malvidin and Its Glycosides as Promising Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Agents with Potential Health Benefits. Nutrients 2023; 15:3016. [PMID: 37447342 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are flavonoid compounds that are abundantly present in fruits and vegetables. These compounds contribute to the color of these foods and offer various health benefits to consumers due to their biological properties. There are more than 1000 types of anthocyanins in nature, all derived from 27 anthocyanidin aglycones that have different glycosylations and acylations. Malvidin is one of the most well-known anthocyanidins. Several studies, including those conducted on cell lines, animals, and humans, have suggested that malvidin and its glycosides possess anti-carcinogenic, diabetes-control, cardiovascular-disease-prevention, and brain-function-improvement properties. These health benefits are primarily attributed to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which are influenced by the molecular mechanisms related to the expression and modulation of critical genes. In this article, we review the available information on the biological activity of malvidin and its glycosides concerning their health-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Merecz-Sadowska
- Department of Economic and Medical Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland
| | - Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Zajdel
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-645 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mariusz Jęcek
- Department of Economic and Medical Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Nowak
- Department of Economic and Medical Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland
| | - Radosław Zajdel
- Department of Economic and Medical Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland
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205
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Barik A, Pallavi P, Sen SK, Rajhans G, Bose A, Raut S. Fortification of orange juice with microencapsulated Kocuria flava Y4 towards a novel functional beverage: Biological and quality aspects. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17509. [PMID: 37449169 PMCID: PMC10336446 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To commercialize functional foods, probiotics must exhibit high resistance and acceptable stability under various unfavorable conditions to maintain the quality of fruit juices. This study will provide an insight into fortification of orange juice with a plant probiotic Kocuria flava Y4 by microencapsulation. Therefore, this study investigated the colony release, physicochemical and phytochemical parameters, and antioxidant activity of the orange juice exposed to microencapsulated probiotics and the one without probiotics (control). Evaluation of orange juice on the growth of probiotic bacteria showed that the fortification with alginate and psyllium micro-particles showed highest encapsulation efficiency (99.01%) and acceptable viability of probiotic cells (8.12 ± 0.077 CFU/mL) during five weeks storage at 4 °C. The morphology and functional properties of beads was studied by SEM, Zeta-potential and FTIR analysis. The sucrose and organic acids concentrations decreased significantly during fortification period (0-72 h) except ascorbic acid. Furthermore, glucose, pH, acidity, TSS were maintained. The results affirm the suitability and feasibility of developing a plant probiotic beverage using orange juice by encapsulation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adyasa Barik
- Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Preeti Pallavi
- Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Sudip Kumar Sen
- Biostadt India Limited, Waluj, Aurangabad, 431136, Maharashtra, India
| | - Geetanjali Rajhans
- Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Anindya Bose
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Sangeeta Raut
- Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
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206
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Lis K, Bartuzi Z. Plant Food Dyes with Antioxidant Properties and Allergies-Friend or Enemy? Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1357. [PMID: 37507897 PMCID: PMC10376437 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Color is an important food attribute which increases its attractiveness, thus influencing consumer preferences and acceptance of food products. The characteristic color of fresh, raw food is due to natural dyes present in natural food sources. Food loses its natural color during processing or storage. Loss of natural color (e.g., graying) often reduces the appeal of a product to consumers. To increase the aesthetic value of food, natural or synthetic dyes are added to it. Interestingly, the use of food coloring to enhance food attractiveness and appetizing appearance has been practiced since antiquity. Food coloring can also cause certain health effects, both negative and positive. Dyes added to food, both natural and synthetic, are primarily chemical substances that may not be neutral to the body. Some of these substances have strong antioxidant properties. Thanks to this activity, they can also perform important pro-health functions, including antiallergic ones. On the other hand, as foreign substances, they can also cause various adverse food reactions, including allergic reactions of varying severity and anaphylactic shock. This article discusses food dyes of plant origins with antioxidant properties (anthocyanins, betanins, chlorophylls, carotenoids, and curcumin) and their relationship with allergy, both as sensitizing agents and immunomodulatory agents with potential antiallergic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Lis
- Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Bartuzi
- Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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207
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Chen S, Wang X, Cheng Y, Gao H, Chen X. A Review of Classification, Biosynthesis, Biological Activities and Potential Applications of Flavonoids. Molecules 2023; 28:4982. [PMID: 37446644 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids represent the main class of plant secondary metabolites and occur in the tissues and organs of various plant species. In plants, flavonoids are involved in many biological processes and in response to various environmental stresses. The consumption of flavonoids has been known to reduce the risk of many chronic diseases due to their antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties. In the present review, we summarize the classification, distribution, biosynthesis pathways, and regulatory mechanisms of flavonoids. Moreover, we investigated their biological activities and discuss their applications in food processing and cosmetics, as well as their pharmaceutical and medical uses. Current trends in flavonoid research are also briefly described, including the mining of new functional genes and metabolites through omics research and the engineering of flavonoids using nanotechnology. This review provides a reference for basic and applied research on flavonoid compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Chen
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hongsheng Gao
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xuehao Chen
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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208
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Yang X, Li A, Xia J, Huang Y, Lu X, Guo G, Sui S. Enhancement of the anthocyanin contents of Caladium leaves and petioles via metabolic engineering with co-overexpression of AtPAP1 and ZmLc transcription factors. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1186816. [PMID: 37416877 PMCID: PMC10320811 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1186816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Metabolic engineering of anthocyanin synthesis is an active research area for pigment breeding and remains a research hotspot involving AtPAP1 and ZmLc transcription factors. Caladium bicolor is a desirable anthocyanin metabolic engineering receptor, with its abundant leaf color and stable genetic transformation system. Methods We transformed C. bicolor with AtPAP1 and ZmLc and successfully obtained transgenic plants. We then used a combination of metabolome, transcriptome, WGCNA and PPI co-expression analyses to identify differentially expressed anthocyanin components and transcripts between wild-type and transgenic lines. Results Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside and peonidin-3-O-rutinoside are the main components of anthocyanins in the leaves and petioles of C. bicolor. Exogenous introduction of AtPAP1 and ZmLc resulted in significant changes in pelargonidins, particularly pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside and pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside in C. bicolor. Furthermore, 5 MYB-TFs, 9 structural genes, and 5 transporters were found to be closely associated with anthocyanin synthesis and transport in C. bicolor. Discussion In this study, a network regulatory model of AtPAP1 and ZmLc in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis and transport in C. bicolor was proposed, which provides insights into the color formation mechanisms of C. bicolor, and lays a foundation for the precise regulation of anthocyanin metabolism and biosynthesis for economic plant pigment breeding.
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209
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Esquivel-Chirino C, Bolaños-Carrillo MA, Carmona-Ruiz D, Lopéz-Macay A, Hernández-Sánchez F, Montés-Sánchez D, Escuadra-Landeros M, Gaitán-Cepeda LA, Maldonado-Frías S, Yáñez-Ocampo BR, Ventura-Gallegos JL, Laparra-Escareño H, Mejía-Velázquez CP, Zentella-Dehesa A. The Protective Role of Cranberries and Blueberries in Oral Cancer. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2330. [PMID: 37375955 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cancer has a high prevalence worldwide, and this disease is caused by genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. The main risk factors associated with oral cancer are smoking and alcohol. RESULTS There are various strategies to reduce risk factors, including prevention programs as well as the consumption of an adequate diet that includes phytochemical compounds derived from cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon A.) and blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.); these compounds exhibit antitumor properties. RESULTS The main outcome of this review is as follows: the properties of phytochemicals derived from cranberries were evaluated for protection against risk factors associated with oral cancer. CONCLUSIONS The secondary metabolites of cranberries promote biological effects that provide protection against smoking and alcoholism. An alternative for the prevention of oral cancer can be the consumption of these cranberries and blueberries.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Esquivel-Chirino
- Área de Básicas Médicas, División de Estudios Profesionales, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Mario Augusto Bolaños-Carrillo
- Área de Ciencias Naturales, Departamento de Bachillerato, Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Guadalajara Sur, Guadalajara 045601, Mexico
| | - Daniela Carmona-Ruiz
- Área de Ortodoncia, División de Estudios Profesionales, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Ambar Lopéz-Macay
- Laboratorio de Liquído Sinovial, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación LGII, Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico
| | - Fernando Hernández-Sánchez
- Departamento de Virología y Micología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Ciudad de México 04502, Mexico
| | - Delina Montés-Sánchez
- Investigación Biomédica Básica, Licenciatura en Estomatología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 75770, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Alberto Gaitán-Cepeda
- Departamento de Medicina y Patología Oral Clínica, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Silvia Maldonado-Frías
- Laboratorio de Bioingeniería de Tejidos, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04360, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Raquel Yáñez-Ocampo
- Especialidad en Periodoncia e Implantología, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - José Luis Ventura-Gallegos
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Hugo Laparra-Escareño
- Departamento de Cirugía, Sección de Cirugía Vascular y Terapia, Instituto de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Claudia Patricia Mejía-Velázquez
- Departamento de Patología, Medicina Bucal y Maxilofacial, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Zentella-Dehesa
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
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210
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Gharibi S, Matkowski A, Sarfaraz D, Mirhendi H, Fakhim H, Szumny A, Rahimmalek M. Identification of Polyphenolic Compounds Responsible for Antioxidant, Anti- Candida Activities and Nutritional Properties in Different Pistachio ( Pistacia vera L.) Hull Cultivars. Molecules 2023; 28:4772. [PMID: 37375327 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of by-products from the agri-food industry is a promising approach for production of value-added, polyphenol-rich dietary supplements or natural pharmaceutical preparations. During pistachio nut processing, a great amount of husk is removed, leaving large biomass for potential re-use. The present study compares antiglycative, antioxidant, and antifungal activities as well as nutritional values of 12 genotypes belonging to four pistachio cultivars. Antioxidant activity was measured using DPPH and ABTS assays. Antiglycative activity was evaluated as inhibition of advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation in the bovine serum albumin/methylglyoxal model. HPLC analysis was performed to determine the major phenolic compounds. Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside (120.81-181.94 mg/100 g DW), gallic acid (27.89-45.25), catechin (7.2-11.01), and eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside (7.23-16.02) were the major components. Among genotypes, the highest total flavonol content (14.8 mg quercetin equivalents/g DW) and total phenolic content (262 mg tannic acid equivalent/g DW) were in KAL1 (Kaleghouchi) and FAN2 (Fandoghi), respectively. The highest antioxidant (EC50 = 375 μg/mL) and anti-glycative activities were obtained for Fan1. Furthermore, potent inhibitory activity against Candida species was recorded with MIC values of 3.12-12.5 µg/mL. The oil content ranged from 5.4% in Fan2 to 7.6% in Akb1. The nutritional parameters of the tested cultivars were highly variable: crude protein (9.8-15.8%), ADF (acid detergent fiber 11.9-18.2%), NDF (neutral detergent fiber, 14.8-25.6%), and condensed tannins (1.74-2.86%). Finally, cyanidin-3-O-galactoside was considered an effective compound responsible for antioxidant and anti-glycative activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Gharibi
- Core Research Facilities (CRF), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Adam Matkowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Danial Sarfaraz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Hossein Mirhendi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
- Mycology Reference Laboratory, Research Core Facilities Laboratory, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Hamed Fakhim
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Antoni Szumny
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mehdi Rahimmalek
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
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211
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Ritz M, Ahmad N, Brueck T, Mehlmer N. Differential RNA-Seq Analysis Predicts Genes Related to Terpene Tailoring in Caryopteris × clandonensis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2305. [PMID: 37375930 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic terpene functionalization is an essential part of plant secondary metabolite diversity. Within this, multiple terpene-modifying enzymes are required to enable the chemical diversity of volatile compounds essential in plant communication and defense. This work sheds light on the differentially transcribed genes within Caryopteris × clandonensis that are capable of functionalizing cyclic terpene scaffolds, which are the product of terpene cyclase action. The available genomic reference was subjected to further improvements to provide a comprehensive basis, where the number of contigs was minimized. RNA-Seq data of six cultivars, Dark Knight, Grand Bleu, Good as Gold, Hint of Gold, Pink Perfection, and Sunny Blue, were mapped on the reference, and their distinct transcription profile investigated. Within this data resource, we detected interesting variations and additionally genes with high and low transcript abundancies in leaves of Caryopteris × clandonensis related to terpene functionalization. As previously described, different cultivars vary in their modification of monoterpenes, especially limonene, resulting in different limonene-derived molecules. This study focuses on predicting the cytochrome p450 enzymes underlying this varied transcription pattern between investigated samples. Thus, making them a reasonable explanation for terpenoid differences between these plants. Furthermore, these data provide the basis for functional assays and the verification of putative enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Ritz
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Nadim Ahmad
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Brueck
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Norbert Mehlmer
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
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Contreras J, Alcázar-Valle M, Lugo-Cervantes E, Luna-Vital DA, Mojica L. Mexican Native Black Bean Anthocyanin-Rich Extracts Modulate Biological Markers Associated with Inflammation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:874. [PMID: 37375821 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to obtain and characterize anthocyanin-rich extracts (ARE) from native black beans and evaluate their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. The initial extract was obtained by supercritical fluids (RE) and purified using Amberlite® XAD-7 resin (PE). RE and PE were fractionated using countercurrent chromatography, and four fractions were obtained (REF1 and REF2 from RE, PEF1, and PEF2 from PE). ARE and fractions were characterized, and the biological potential was evaluated. ABTS IC50 values ranged from 7.9 to 139.2 (mg C3GE/L), DPPH IC50 ranged from 9.2 to 117.2 (mg C3GE/L), and NO IC50 ranged from 0.6 to143.8 (mg C3GE/L) (p < 0.05). COX-1 IC50 ranged from 0.1 to 0.9 (mg C3GE/L), COX-2 IC50 ranged from 0.01 to 0.7 (mg C3GE/L), and iNOS IC50 ranged from 0.9 to 5.6 (mg C3GE/L) (p < 0.05). The theoretical binding energy for phenolic compounds ranged from -8.45 to -1.4 kcal/mol for COX-1, from -8.5 to -1.8 kcal/mol for COX-2, and from -7.2 to -1.6 kcal/mol for iNOS. RE and REF2 presented the highest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. Countercurrent chromatography effectively isolates and purifies bioactive compounds while maintaining their biological potential. Native black beans present an attractive phytochemical profile and could be used as ingredients in nutraceuticals and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonhatan Contreras
- Food Technology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Unidad Zapopan, Camino Arenero 1227, El Bajío del Arenal, Zapopan 45019, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Montserrat Alcázar-Valle
- Food Technology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Unidad Zapopan, Camino Arenero 1227, El Bajío del Arenal, Zapopan 45019, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Eugenia Lugo-Cervantes
- Food Technology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Unidad Zapopan, Camino Arenero 1227, El Bajío del Arenal, Zapopan 45019, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Diego A Luna-Vital
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Avenida Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico
| | - Luis Mojica
- Food Technology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Unidad Zapopan, Camino Arenero 1227, El Bajío del Arenal, Zapopan 45019, Jalisco, Mexico
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213
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Dinish US, Teng MTJ, Xinhui VT, Dev K, Tan JJ, Koh SS, Urano D, Olivo M. Miniaturized Vis-NIR handheld spectrometer for non-invasive pigment quantification in agritech applications. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9524. [PMID: 37308523 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36220-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced precision agriculture requires the objective measurement of the structural and functional properties of plants. Biochemical profiles in leaves can differ depending on plant growing conditions. By quantitatively detecting these changes, farm production processes can be optimized to achieve high-yield, high-quality, and nutrient dense agricultural products. To enable the rapid and non-destructive detection on site, this study demonstrates the development of a new custom-designed portable handheld Vis-NIR spectrometer that collects leaf reflectance spectra, wirelessly transfers the spectral data through Bluetooth, and provides both raw spectral data and processed information. The spectrometer has two preprogramed methods: anthocyanin and chlorophyll quantification. Anthocyanin content of red and green lettuce estimated with the new spectrometer showed an excellent correlation coefficient of 0.84 with those determined by a destructive gold standard biochemical method. The differences in chlorophyll content were measured using leaf senescence as a case study. Chlorophyll Index calculated with the handheld spectrometer gradually decreased with leaf age as chlorophyll degrades during the process of senescence. The estimated chlorophyll values were highly correlated with those obtained from a commercial fluorescence-based chlorophyll meter with a correlation coefficient of 0.77. The developed portable handheld Vis-NIR spectrometer could be a simple, cost-effective, and easy to operate tool that can be used to non-invasively monitor plant pigment and nutrient content efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- U S Dinish
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore.
| | - Mark Teo Ju Teng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Valerie Teo Xinhui
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Kapil Dev
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Javier Jingheng Tan
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sally Shuxian Koh
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daisuke Urano
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Malini Olivo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore.
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214
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Hashemikamangar SS, Farahani S, Khoshgoo S, Doroudgar P. Comparative Efficacy of Four Stain Removal Methods for Bleach-Shade Composite Resins after Immersion in Staining Solutions: An In Vitro Study. Int J Dent 2023; 2023:8909288. [PMID: 37342250 PMCID: PMC10277192 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8909288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bleach-shade composite resins were recently introduced to the market due to the high demand of patients for whiter teeth. This study sought to compare four stain removal methods for bleach-shade composite resins. Materials and Methods Seventy-two discs were fabricated from each of the Filtek Z350 XT and Gradia XBW composite resins and immersed in coffee or sour cherry juice staining solutions. Each group was then divided into four subgroups to assess the efficacy of four stain removal methods (finishing with soft-lex disk "brush with pumice" bleaching with carbamide peroxide 16%, bleaching with hydrogen peroxide 40%). The color of each specimen was measured by Easyshade spectrophotometer, and data were analyzed using SPSS 25 statistical package for social sciences. Results The home-bleaching technique was more effective than the office-bleaching and pumice for the removal of sour cherry juice stain (ΔE = 1.93) and coffee stain (ΔE = 3.32) from Gradia composite discs, almost returning the baseline original color. The Sof-Lex discs were more effective than the pumice for the removal of sour cherry juice stain (ΔE = 4.11) and coffee stain (ΔE = 4.93) from Z350 composite discs but not return the baseline original color. Conclusions Filtek Z350 had more discoloration than Gradia Direct. The different materials and solutions reacted differently to the four stain removal methods. In GCJ group after all stain removal methods, ΔE reduced to a clinically acceptable level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shakiba Farahani
- Restorative Departments, Dental School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Parisa Doroudgar
- Dental School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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215
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Chu Z, Han S, Luo Y, Zhou Y, Zhu L, Luo F. Targeting gut-brain axis by dietary flavonoids ameliorate aging-related cognition decline: Evidences and mechanisms. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-22. [PMID: 37300491 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2222404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aging-related cognitive impairment, mainly Alzheimer's disease (AD), has been widely studied. However, effective prevention and treatment methods are still lacking. In recent years, researchers have observed beneficial effects of plant-based supplements, such as flavonoids, on cognitive protection. This provides a new clue for the prevention of cognitive dysfunction. Studies have shown that dietary flavonoids have neuroprotective effects, but the mechanism is not clear. In this review, we systematically reviewed the research progress on the effects of dietary flavonoids on gut microbes and their metabolites, and concluded that flavonoids could improve cognitive function through the gut-brain axis. Flavonoids can be absorbed through the intestine, cross the blood-brain barrier, and enter the brain tissue. Flavonoids can inhibit the expression and secretion of inflammatory factors in brain tissue, reduce the damage caused by oxidative stress, clear neural damage proteins and inhibit neuronal apoptosis, thereby ameliorating age-related cognitive disorders. Future work will continue to explore the gut-brain axis and target genes regulated by flavonoids. In addition, clinical research and its mechanisms need to be further explored to provide solutions or advise for patients with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxing Chu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuai Han
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Clinic Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yaping Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lingfeng Zhu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feijun Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
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216
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Zuccari G, Alfei S. Development of Phytochemical Delivery Systems by Nano-Suspension and Nano-Emulsion Techniques. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9824. [PMID: 37372971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The awareness of the existence of plant bioactive compounds, namely, phytochemicals (PHYs), with health properties is progressively expanding. Therefore, their massive introduction in the normal diet and in food supplements and their use as natural therapeutics to treat several diseases are increasingly emphasized by several sectors. In particular, most PHYs possessing antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiulcer, anti-cholesterol, hypoglycemic, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant properties have been isolated from plants. Additionally, their secondary modification with new functionalities to further improve their intrinsic beneficial effects has been extensively investigated. Unfortunately, although the idea of exploiting PHYs as therapeutics is amazing, its realization is far from simple, and the possibility of employing them as efficient clinically administrable drugs is almost utopic. Most PHYs are insoluble in water, and, especially when introduced orally, they hardly manage to pass through physiological barriers and scarcely reach the site of action in therapeutic concentrations. Their degradation by enzymatic and microbial digestion, as well as their rapid metabolism and excretion, strongly limits their in vivo activity. To overcome these drawbacks, several nanotechnological approaches have been used, and many nanosized PHY-loaded delivery systems have been developed. This paper, by reporting various case studies, reviews the foremost nanosuspension- and nanoemulsion-based techniques developed for formulating the most relevant PHYs into more bioavailable nanoparticles (NPs) that are suitable or promising for clinical application, mainly by oral administration. In addition, the acute and chronic toxic effects due to exposure to NPs reported so far, the possible nanotoxicity that could result from their massive employment, and ongoing actions to improve knowledge in this field are discussed. The state of the art concerning the actual clinical application of both PHYs and the nanotechnologically engineered PHYs is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guendalina Zuccari
- Department of Pharmacy (DiFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, I-16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Silvana Alfei
- Department of Pharmacy (DiFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, I-16148 Genova, Italy
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217
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Bartel I, Koszarska M, Strzałkowska N, Tzvetkov NT, Wang D, Horbańczuk JO, Wierzbicka A, Atanasov AG, Jóźwik A. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside as a Nutrigenomic Factor in Type 2 Diabetes and Its Prominent Impact on Health. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119765. [PMID: 37298715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) accounts for a global health problem. It is a complex disease as a result of the combination of environmental as well as genetic factors. Morbidity is still increasing across the world. One of the possibilities for the prevention and mitigation of the negative consequences of type 2 diabetes is a nutritional diet rich in bioactive compounds such as polyphenols. This review is focused on cyanidin-3-O-glucosidase (C3G), which belongs to the anthocyanins subclass, and its anti-diabetic properties. There are numerous pieces of evidence that C3G exerts positive effects on diabetic parameters, including in vitro and in vivo studies. It is involved in alleviating inflammation, reducing blood glucose, controlling postprandial hyperglycemia, and gene expression related to the development of T2D. C3G is one of the beneficial polyphenolic compounds that may help to overcome the public health problems associated with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iga Bartel
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Magdalena Koszarska
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Nina Strzałkowska
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Nikolay T Tzvetkov
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jarosław O Horbańczuk
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wierzbicka
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Artur Jóźwik
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland
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218
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Zhang W, Wang C, Chen F, He Y, Yin S, Peng Y, Li W. Phytochemicals and Glioma: Results from Dietary Mixed Exposure. Brain Sci 2023; 13:902. [PMID: 37371380 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13060902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The information about phytochemicals' potential to prevent cancer is encouraging, including for glioma. However, most studies on phytochemicals and glioma mainly focused on preclinical studies. Their epidemiological studies were not sufficient, and the evidence on the dose-response relationship is usually limited. Therefore, this investigation examined the association between dietary phytochemical intake and glioma in Chinese adults. This case-control study was carried out in a hospital in China. Based on the dietary information obtained from the food frequency questionnaire, the researchers estimated the phytochemical intake of 506 patients with glioma and 506 controls. Compared with participants in the lowest tertile, the highest intakes of carotene, flavonoids, soy isoflavones, anthocyanin, and resveratrol were associated with a reduced risk of glioma. The WQS and BKMR models suggested that anthocyanin and carotene have a greater influence on glioma. The significant nonlinear dose-response associations between dietary phytochemicals and glioma were suggested using the restricted cubic spline function. According to this study on phytochemicals and glioma, higher intakes of carotene, flavonoids, soy isoflavones, anthocyanins, and resveratrol are linked to a lower risk of glioma. So, we might not be able to ignore how phytochemicals affect gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichunbai Zhang
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Ce Wang
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Yongqi He
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Shuo Yin
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Yue Peng
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
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219
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Sezgin GC, Ocsoy I. Anthocyanin-rich black carrot (Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef.) and red cabbage (Brassica oleracea) extracts incorporated biosensor for colorimetric detection of Helicobacter pylori with color image processing. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:897-905. [PMID: 37155087 PMCID: PMC10235353 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00989-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we developed novel colorimetric biosensors consisting of anthocyanin-rich either black carrot (Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef.) or red cabbage (Brassica oleracea) extracts for rapid, sensitive, and economic detection of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). We comparatively prepared two test solutions as biosensors including anthocyanin-rich black carrot extract (Anth@BCE) and red cabbage extract (Anth@RCE), both of which fixed to pH 2.5 and investigated their colorimetric responses based on electronic structure and electron density of anthocyanins. We successfully used anthocyanin-rich BCE and RCE as natural pH indicators in detection of H. pylori and introduced their advantages like non-toxicity, easy accessibility, and high stability compared to synthetic indicators. The BCE and RCE tests gave the best color change in the presence of 103 CFU/mL (at 60 min) and 104 CFU/mL (at 75 min) H. pylori suspensions prepared in an artificial gastric fluid. The limit of detection was down to 10 CFU/mL for RCE and BCE tests by increasing incubation time (≥ 5 h). We further made an additional study that color differences in the colorimetric responses observed by naked eyes were supported by digital image processing with RGB (Red Green Blue) and Delta-E (ΔE) analysis. It is confirmed that results evaluated by naked eyes and digital image processing are well consistent with each other. These findings proposed that these colorimetric tests can be implemented to pH dependent detection of various microorganisms and can be effectively transferred from laboratory work to clinics in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulten Can Sezgin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Facultyof Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Ismail Ocsoy
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey.
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220
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Hasanah NN, Mohamad Azman E, Rozzamri A, Zainal Abedin NH, Ismail-Fitry MR. A Systematic Review of Butterfly Pea Flower ( Clitoria ternatea L.): Extraction and Application as a Food Freshness pH-Indicator for Polymer-Based Intelligent Packaging. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112541. [PMID: 37299340 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) (BPF) has a high anthocyanin content, which can be incorporated into polymer-based films to produce intelligent packaging for real-time food freshness indicators. The objective of this work was to systematically review the polymer characteristics used as BPF extract carriers and their application on various food products as intelligent packaging systems. This systematic review was developed based on scientific reports accessible on the databases provided by PSAS, UPM, and Google Scholar between 2010 and 2023. It covers the morphology, anthocyanin extraction, and applications of anthocyanin-rich colourants from butterfly pea flower (BPF) and as pH indicators in intelligent packaging systems. Probe ultrasonication extraction was successfully employed to extract a higher yield, which showed a 246.48% better extraction of anthocyanins from BPFs for food applications. In comparison to anthocyanins from other natural sources, BPFs have a major benefit in food packaging due to their unique colour spectrum throughout a wide range of pH values. Several studies reported that the immobilisation of BPF in different polymeric film matrixes could affect their physicochemical properties, but they could still effectively monitor the quality of perishable food in real-time. In conclusion, the development of intelligent films employing BPF's anthocyanins is a potential strategy for the future of food packaging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Nabilah Hasanah
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ezzat Mohamad Azman
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ashari Rozzamri
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hanani Zainal Abedin
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Rashedi Ismail-Fitry
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Putra Infoport, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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221
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El Shall FN, Al-Shemy MT, Dawwam GE. Multifunction smart nanocomposite film for food packaging based on carboxymethyl cellulose/Kombucha SCOBY/pomegranate anthocyanin pigment. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125101. [PMID: 37245764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Active packing systems employed to preserve food quality have gone through chains of sustainable development processes, reflecting the growth in consumer awareness of high-quality foods in eco-friendly packaging. Consequently, this study aims to develop antioxidant, antimicrobial, UV-shielding, pH-sensitive, edible, and flexible films from composites of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), pomegranate anthocyanin extract (PAE), and various fractions (1-15 %) of bacterial cellulose from the Kombucha SCOBY (BC Kombucha). Various analytical tools such as ATR-FTIR, XRD, TGA, and TEM were utilized to investigate the physicochemical characterization of BC Kombucha and CMC-PAE/BC Kombucha films. The DDPH scavenging test demonstrated the efficiency of PAE as a matrix with potent antioxidant properties, both as a solution and enclosed in composite films. The fabricated films of CMC-PAE/BC Kombucha showed antimicrobial activities against many pathogenic Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella sp., and Escherichia coli), Gram-positive (Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria, and Candida albicans, ranging from a 20 to 30 mm inhibition zone. The CMC-PAE/BC Kombucha nanocomposite has additionally been utilized to pack red grapes and plums. The results illustrated that CMC-PAE/BC Kombucha nanocomposite can increase red grapes and plums' shelf lives by up to 25 days while maintaining the fruits' quality better than those left unpacked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma N El Shall
- Dyeing, Printing and Textile Auxiliary Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St. (Former El-Tahrir St), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mona T Al-Shemy
- Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St. (Former El-Tahrir St), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Ghada E Dawwam
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
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222
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Suprun AR, Kiselev KV, Dubrovina AS. Exogenously Induced Silencing of Four MYB Transcription Repressor Genes and Activation of Anthocyanin Accumulation in Solanum lycopersicum. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119344. [PMID: 37298295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism that can be artificially induced by exogenous application of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) to the plant surfaces. Recent studies show that it is possible to silence plant genes and change plant properties using plant RNA spraying and other approaches for dsRNA delivery. In this study, we investigated the effect of exogenous gene-specific dsRNAs on the silencing of four tomato genes encoding MYB-family transcription repressors of anthocyanin biosynthesis in the leaves of tomato Solanum lycopersicum L. We found that the exogenous application of dsRNAs encoding for the SlMYBATV1, SlMYB32, SlMYB76, and SlTRY genes downregulated mRNA levels of these endogenous repressors of anthocyanin production, upregulated the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes, and enhanced anthocyanin content in the leaves of S. lycopersicum. The data demonstrated that exogenous gene-specific dsRNAs can induce post-transcriptional gene silencing in tomato leaves by direct foliar application of dsRNAs. This approach may be used for plant secondary metabolism induction and as a silencing tool for gene function studies without the need to produce genetically modified plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey R Suprun
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Konstantin V Kiselev
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Alexandra S Dubrovina
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
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Wang J, Zhao X, Zheng J, Herrera-Balandrano DD, Zhang X, Huang W, Sui Z. In vivo antioxidant activity of rabbiteye blueberry ( Vaccinium ashei cv. 'Brightwell') anthocyanin extracts. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2023; 24:602-616. [PMID: 37455137 PMCID: PMC10350366 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2200590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Blueberries are rich in phenolic compounds including anthocyanins which are closely related to biological health functions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of blueberry anthocyanins extracted from 'Brightwell' rabbiteye blueberries in mice. After one week of adaptation, C57BL/6J healthy male mice were divided into different groups that were administered with 100, 400, or 800 mg/kg blueberry anthocyanin extract (BAE), and sacrificed at different time points (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, or 12 h). The plasma, eyeball, intestine, liver, and adipose tissues were collected to compare their antioxidant activity, including total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-PX/GPX) content, and the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) level. The results showed that blueberry anthocyanins had positive concentration-dependent antioxidant activity in vivo. The greater the concentration of BAE, the higher the T-AOC value, but the lower the MDA level. The enzyme activity of SOD, the content of GSH-PX, and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, and GPX all confirmed that BAE played an antioxidant role after digestion in mice by improving their antioxidant defense. The in vivo antioxidant activity of BAE indicated that blueberry anthocyanins could be developed into functional foods or nutraceuticals with the aim of preventing or treating oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xingyu Zhao
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jiawei Zheng
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | | | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Wuyang Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Zhongquan Sui
- Department of Food Science & Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China. ,
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Nabil-Adam A, E. Elnosary M, L. Ashour M, M. Abd El-Moneam N, A. Shreadah M. Flavonoids Biosynthesis in Plants as a Defense Mechanism: Role and Function Concerning Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetic Properties. FLAVONOID METABOLISM - RECENT ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS IN CROP BREEDING 2023. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.108637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a major class of secondary metabolites that comprises more than 6000 compounds that have been identified. They are biosynthesized via the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway that involves groups of enzymes such as isomerases, hydroxylases, and reductases that greatly affect the determination of the flavonoid skeleton. For example, transferase enzymes responsible for the modification of sugar result in changes in the physiological activity of the flavonoids and changes in their physical properties, such as solubility, reactivity, and interaction with cellular target molecules, which affect their pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties. In addition, flavonoids have diverse biological activities such as antioxidants, anticancer, and antiviral in managing Alzheimer’s disease. However, most marine flavonoids are still incompletely discovered because marine flavonoid biosynthesis is produced and possesses unique substitutions that are not commonly found in terrestrial bioactive compounds. The current chapter will illustrate the importance of flavonoids’ role in metabolism and the main difference between marine and terrestrial flavonoids.
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225
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Barazorda-Ccahuana HL, Goyzueta-Mamani LD, Candia Puma MA, Simões de Freitas C, de Sousa Vieria Tavares G, Pagliara Lage D, Ferraz Coelho EA, Chávez-Fumagalli MA. Computer-aided drug design approaches applied to screen natural product's structural analogs targeting arginase in Leishmania spp. F1000Res 2023; 12:93. [PMID: 37424744 PMCID: PMC10323282 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.129943.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Leishmaniasis is a disease with high mortality rates and approximately 1.5 million new cases each year. Despite the new approaches and advances to fight the disease, there are no effective therapies. Methods: Hence, this study aims to screen for natural products' structural analogs as new drug candidates against leishmaniasis. We applied Computer-aided drug design (CADD) approaches, such as virtual screening, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, molecular mechanics-generalized Born surface area (MM-GBSA) binding free estimation, and free energy perturbation (FEP) aiming to select structural analogs from natural products that have shown anti-leishmanial and anti-arginase activities and that could bind selectively against the Leishmania arginase enzyme. Results: The compounds 2H-1-benzopyran, 3,4-dihydro-2-(2-methylphenyl)-(9CI), echioidinin, and malvidin showed good results against arginase targets from three parasite species and negative results for potential toxicities. The echioidinin and malvidin ligands generated interactions in the active center at pH 2.0 conditions by MM-GBSA and FEP methods. Conclusions: This work suggests the potential anti-leishmanial activity of the compounds and thus can be further in vitro and in vivo experimentally validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Luz Barazorda-Ccahuana
- Computational Biology and Chemistry Research Group, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Catolica de Santa Maria de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Luis Daniel Goyzueta-Mamani
- Computational Biology and Chemistry Research Group, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Catolica de Santa Maria de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru
- Sustainable Innovative Biomaterials Department, Le Qara Research Center, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Mayron Antonio Candia Puma
- Computational Biology and Chemistry Research Group, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Catolica de Santa Maria de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru
- Universidad Católica de Santa María, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Bioquímicas y Biotecnológicas, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Camila Simões de Freitas
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Grasiele de Sousa Vieria Tavares
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniela Pagliara Lage
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Antonio Ferraz Coelho
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Miguel Angel Chávez-Fumagalli
- Computational Biology and Chemistry Research Group, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Catolica de Santa Maria de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru
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226
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Mackon E, Mackon GCJDE, Guo Y, Ma Y, Yao Y, Liu P. Development and Application of CRISPR/Cas9 to Improve Anthocyanin Pigmentation in Plants: Opportunities and Perspectives. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023:111746. [PMID: 37230190 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 2012, the novel technology of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) has greatly contributed to revolutionizing molecular biology. It has been demonstrated to be an effective approach for identifying gene function and improving some important traits. Anthocyanins are secondary metabolites responsible for a wide spectrum of aesthetic coloration in various plant organs and are beneficial for health. As such, increasing anthocyanin content in plants, especially the edible tissue and organs, is always a main goal for plant breeding. Recently, CRISPR/Cas9 technology has been highly desired to enhance the amount of anthocyanin in vegetables, fruits, cereals, and other attractive plants with more precision. Here we reviewed the recent knowledge concerning CRISPR/Cas9-mediated anthocyanin enhancement in plants. In addition, we addressed the future avenues of promising potential target genes that could be helpful for achieving the same goal using CRISPR/Cas9 in several plants. Thus, molecular biologists, genetic engineers, agricultural scientists, plant geneticists, and physiologists may benefit from CRISPR technology to boost the biosynthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins in fresh fruits, vegetables, grains, roots, and ornamental plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enerand Mackon
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University.
| | | | - Yongqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, P.R. China.
| | - Yafei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, P.R. China.
| | - Yuhang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, P.R. China.
| | - Piqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, P.R. China.
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227
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Neyestani TR, Yari Z, Rasekhi H, Nikooyeh B. How effective are anthocyanins on healthy modification of cardiometabolic risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:106. [PMID: 37221605 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this meta-analysis, findings from recent studies on the preventive properties of anthocyanins (ACN) against cardiovascular disease are summarized. METHODS MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched and 2512 studies were found in a preliminary search. After screening of titles and abstracts, 47 studies met the inclusion criteria (randomized clinical trial design and sufficient data of outcomes). Studies were excluded based on the following criteria: incomplete data; obscurely reported outcomes, or lack of control groups; and animal studies. RESULTS The results showed that intervention with ACNs resulted in a significant decrease in body mass index ((MD),- 0.21; 95% CI, - 0.38, - 0.04; P < 0.001) and body fat mass (MD: - 0.3%, 95% CI - 0.42 to - 0.18%, p < 0.001). Pooled data comparing ACN with control showed statistically significant effect on fasting blood sugar and HbA1c. However, the reductions were significantly more in the subjects with type 2 diabetes and in those who used ACN as supplement/extract. The subgroup analysis test showed that there was a significant effect of ACN on triglyceride concentrations, total cholesterol, LDL-C and HDL-C concentrations in all subgroups of participants (with vs. without dyslipidemia at baseline) and intervention type (supplement/extract vs. food). However, we did not observe any significant effect on apo A and apo B concentrations. CONCLUSIONS ACN intake in the forms of natural foods and supplements can induce healthy changes in body fat mass, glycemic and lipidemic status and these effects are more prominent in the subjects with above-normal values. This meta-analysis was registered at http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/Prospero (Registration no. CRD42021286466).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirang R Neyestani
- Nutrition Research Department, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 198161957, Iran
| | - Zahra Yari
- Nutrition Research Department, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 198161957, Iran
| | - Hamid Rasekhi
- Nutrition Research Department, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 198161957, Iran
| | - Bahareh Nikooyeh
- Nutrition Research Department, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 198161957, Iran.
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228
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Xie Z, Luo Y, Zhang C, An W, Zhou J, Jin C, Zhang Y, Zhao J. Integrated Metabolome and Transcriptome during Fruit Development Reveal Metabolic Differences and Molecular Basis between Lycium barbarum and Lycium ruthenicum. Metabolites 2023; 13:680. [PMID: 37367839 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Wolfberry (Lycium barbarum) is a traditional cash crop in China and is well-known worldwide for its outstanding nutritional and medicinal value. Lycium ruthenicum is a close relative of Lycium barbarum but differs significantly in size, color, flavor and nutritional composition. To date, the metabolic differences between the fruits of the two wolfberry varieties and the genetic basis behind them are unclear. Here, we compared metabolome and transcriptome data of two kinds of wolfberry fruits at five stages of development. Metabolome results show that amino acids, vitamins and flavonoids had the same accumulation pattern in various developmental stages of fruit but that Lycium ruthenicum accumulated more metabolites than Lycium barbarum during the same developmental stage, including L-glutamate, L-proline, L-serine, abscisic acid (ABA), sucrose, thiamine, naringenin and quercetin. Based on the metabolite and gene networks, many key genes that may be involved in the flavonoid synthesis pathway in wolfberry were identified, including PAL, C4H, 4CL, CHS, CHI, F3H, F3'H and FLS. The expression of these genes was significantly higher in Lycium ruthenicum than in Lycium barbarum, indicating that the difference in the expression of these genes was the main reason for the variation in flavonoid accumulation between Lycium barbarum and Lycium ruthenicum. Taken together, our results reveal the genetic basis of the difference in metabolomics between Lycium barbarum and Lycium ruthenicum and provide new insights into the flavonoid synthesis of wolfberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Xie
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Changjian Zhang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Wei An
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China
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229
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Oun AA, Roy S, Shin GH, Yoo S, Kim JT. pH-sensitive smart indicators based on cellulose and different natural pigments for tracing kimchi ripening stages. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:124905. [PMID: 37224902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Five natural pigments including water-soluble [butterfly pea (BP), red cabbage (RC), and aronia (AR)] and alcohol-soluble [shikonin (SK) and alizarin (ALZ)] were extracted, characterized, and loaded onto cellulose for preparing pH-sensitive indicators. The indicators were tested their color response efficiency, gas sensitivity, response to lactic acid, color release, and antioxidant activity. Cellulose-water soluble indicators showed more obvious color changes than alcohol-soluble indicators in lactic acid solution and pH solutions (1-13). All cellulose-pigment indicators exhibited prominent sensitivity to ammonia compared to acidic vapor. Antioxidant activity and release behavior of the indicators were influenced by pigment type and simulants. Kimchi packaging test was carried out using original and alkalized indicators. The alkalized indicators were more effective in showing visible color changes during kimchi storage than the original indicators, and cellulose-ALZ displayed the most distinct color change from violet (fresh kimchi, pH 5.6, acidity 0.45 %) to gray (optimum fermented kimchi, pH 4.7, acidity 0.72 %), and to yellow (over fermented kimchi, pH 3.8, acidity 1.38 %) which followed by BP, AR, RC, SK respectively. The findings of the study suggest that the alkalization method could be used to show noticeable color changes in a narrow pH range for application with acidic foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Oun
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Central Lab, Regional Center for Food & Feed, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt; Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Swarup Roy
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India; Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Gye Hwa Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - SeungRan Yoo
- Hygienic Safety·Packaging Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Tae Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; BioNanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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230
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Maia MS, Domingos MM, de São José JFB. Viability of Probiotic Microorganisms and the Effect of Their Addition to Fruit and Vegetable Juices. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1335. [PMID: 37317309 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumers' recent interest in healthier diets has increased the demand for food products with functional properties, such as probiotics. However, most probiotic food types available on the market are of dairy origin, which limits their consumption by individuals with food intolerances and by those who adhere to strict vegan and vegetarian diets. The aim of the current review is to assess both the limitations and impacts of the addition of probiotic microorganisms to fruit, vegetable, and/or mixed juices. Thus, an integrative literature review was herein carried out. A bibliographic survey was carried out in the following databases: Lilacs, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Scielo. In addition, searches for studies published in English from 2010 to 2021 were carried out, based on the following meshes: "fruit", ''vegetable", ''juice", and "probiotics", which were used both in combination with each other and with Boolean operators such as "AND" and "OR". Although 254 articles were initially found in the literature search, only 21 of them were selected to compose the final sample. The included studies mainly addressed microorganism viability and physicochemical analyses. Overall, fruit and/or vegetable juices can be suitable matrices used to help the development of probiotic food types. However, the microorganisms added to these products must be capable of adapting to and surviving in them to enable a product's success. Therefore, factors such as pH, fiber content, amino acids, and phenolic compounds play an essential role in the survival of probiotic microorganisms. Given the wide variety of analyses, a comparison between parameters was the major limitation of the present study. Future studies should focus on filling the gaps persisting in the development of probiotic fruit and/or vegetable juices as well as mixed juices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Spinasse Maia
- Integrated Health Education Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Maruípe Campus, Marechal Campos Avenue, Vitória 29040-090, ES, Brazil
| | - Manueli Monciozo Domingos
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Maruípe Campus, Marechal Campos Avenue, Vitória 29040-090, ES, Brazil
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Mulyaningsih RD, Pratiwi R, Hasanah AN. An Update on the Use of Natural Pigments and Pigment Nanoparticle Adducts for Metal Detection Based on Colour Response. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13050554. [PMID: 37232915 DOI: 10.3390/bios13050554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Natural pigments occur in plants as secondary metabolites and have been used as safe colourants in food. Studies have reported that their unstable colour intensity might be related to metal ion interaction, which leads to the formation of metal-pigment complexes. This underlines the need for further investigations on the use of natural pigments in metal detection using colorimetric methods, since metals are important elements and can be hazardous when present in large amounts. This review aimed to discuss the use of natural pigments (mainly betalains, anthocyanins, curcuminoids, carotenoids, and chlorophyll) as reagents for portable metal detection based on their limits of detection, to determine which pigment is best for certain metals. Colorimetric-related articles over the last decade were gathered, including those involving methodological modifications, sensor developments, and a general overview. When considering sensitivity and portability, the results revealed that betalains are best applied for copper, using a smartphone-assisted sensor; curcuminoids are best applied for lead, using a curcumin nanofiber; and anthocyanin is best applied for mercury, using anthocyanin hydrogel. This provides a new perspective on the use of colour instability for the detection of metals with modern sensor developments. In addition, a coloured sheet representing metal concentrations may be useful as a standard to support on-site detection with trials on masking agents to improve selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raspati D Mulyaningsih
- Master Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Rimadani Pratiwi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Drug Development Study Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Aliya N Hasanah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Drug Development Study Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
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232
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Nyadanu D, Lowor ST, Pobee P, Dogbatse JA, Akpertey A, Brarko-Marfo M. Heterosis patterns and sources of self-compatibility, cross-compatibility and key nut traits within single and double hybrid crosses of kola [Cola nitida (Vent) Schott and Endl.]. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8036. [PMID: 37198219 PMCID: PMC10192454 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30485-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual incompatibility among kola genotypes accounted for over 50% yield loss. Compatible and high yielding varieties are in demand to develop commercial orchards. The objective of this study was to assess self-compatibility and cross-compatibility of kola (C. nitida) genotypes within self, single and double hybrid crosses and to determine heterosis pattern in the resulting hybrids for sexual compatibility and key nut yield and quality traits. Crosses among kola genotypes from three field gene banks (JX1, GX1, MX2) and one advanced germplasm (Bunso progeny) in Ghana were evaluated along their parents for sexual compatibility, nut yield and nut quality. Data were collected on pod set, pseudo-pod set, pod weight, number of nuts per pod, nut weight, brix, potential alcohol and nut firmness. Significant (P < 0.001) differential pod set was observed within Bunso progeny, JX1, GX1 and MX2 crosses; while pseudo-pod set differed only within JX1 and MX2 crosses (P < 0.001). Very large prevalence of mid-parent, heterobeltiosis, and economic heterosis was observed for sexual compatibility, outturn and brix for the single and double hybrid crosses. Heterosis was prominent among the double hybrid crosses as compared to the single hybrid crosses suggesting that recurrent selection of compatible varieties from advanced generations could result in genetic gain in kola improvement. The top five crosses with best heterosis for sexual compatibility and an appreciable positive heterosis for outturn and brix were B1/11 × B1/71 × B1/157 × B1/149, B1/11 × B1/71 × B1/296 × B1/177, GX1/46 × GX1/33 × B1/212 × B1/236, JX1/90 × JX1/51 and JX1/51 × JX1/36. These materials could serve as sources of beneficial alleles for improving Ghanaian kola hybrids and populations for yield and sexual compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nyadanu
- Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box 8, Akim Tafo, Ghana.
| | | | - Prince Pobee
- Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box 8, Akim Tafo, Ghana
| | | | - Abraham Akpertey
- Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box 8, Akim Tafo, Ghana
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Xia Q, Shui Y, Zhi H, Ali A, Yang Z, Gao Z. Exogeneous selenium enhances anthocyanin synthesis during grain development of colored-grain wheat. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 200:107742. [PMID: 37207492 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins and selenium (Se) play critical roles in antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial, and antiviral treatments. Previous studies indicate that colored-grain wheat accumulates more Se than regular wheat, and Se synergistically promotes anthocyanin synthesis. However, the mechanism through which Se regulates anthocyanin synthesis remains unclear. We studied anthocyanin accumulation during the grain-filling stage of colored-grain wheat development by employing transcriptomics and metabolomics. We show that Se biofortification increased the concentrations of Se, anthocyanin, chlorophyll a and b, and carotenoids in colored-grain wheat. Genes related to biosynthesis of anthocyanins, phenylpropanoids biosynthesis, and flavonoids biosynthesis were significantly upregulated after Se treatment, which led to the accumulation of anthocyanin metabolites in colored-grain wheat. Genetic alterations in the expression profiles of several genes and transcription factors were observed, which slowed down lignin and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis and accelerated anthocyanin synthesis. Our results deepen the understanding of anthocyanin metabolism in Se-treated colored-grain wheat, which will likely promote harvest of these varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xia
- Department of Life Sciences, Lyuliang University, Lvliang, 033001, China; Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Yang Shui
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China; Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Hui Zhi
- Department of Life Sciences, Lyuliang University, Lvliang, 033001, China; Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Aamir Ali
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China; Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Zhenping Yang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China; Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau, Taigu, 030801, China; John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China; Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau, Taigu, 030801, China.
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234
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Feitosa BF, Decker BLA, Brito ESD, Rodrigues S, Mariutti LRB. Microencapsulation of anthocyanins as natural dye extracted from fruits - A systematic review. Food Chem 2023; 424:136361. [PMID: 37216779 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are naturally colored compounds that can be extracted from plants, especially fruits. Their molecules are unstable under normal processing conditions; thus, they must be protected using modern technologies, such as microencapsulation. For this reason, many industries are searching for information from review studies to find the conditions that improve these natural pigments' stability. This systematic review aimed to elucidate different aspects of anthocyanins, such as main extraction and microencapsulation methods, gaps in analytical techniques, and industrial optimization measurements. Initially, 179 scientific articles were retrieved, of which seven clusters were found with 10-36 cross-linked references. Sixteen articles containing 15 different botanical specimens were included in the review, most focusing on the whole fruit, pulp, or subproducts. The extraction and microencapsulation technique resulting in the highest anthocyanin content was sonication with ethanol, temperature below 40 °C, and maximum time of 30 min, followed by microencapsulation by spray drying with maltodextrin or gum Arabic. Color apps and simulation programs may help verify natural dyes' composition, characteristics, and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sueli Rodrigues
- Federal University of Ceará, 60020-181 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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235
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Kato LS, Lelis CA, da Silva BD, Galvan D, Conte-Junior CA. Micro- and nanoencapsulation of natural phytochemicals: Challenges and recent perspectives for the food and nutraceuticals industry applications. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2023; 104:77-137. [PMID: 37236735 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, there has been growing interest in the research, development, and commercialization of functional bioactive components and nutraceuticals. As a result of consumer awareness of the relationship between diet, health, and disease, the consumption of plant-derived bioactive components has recently increased in the past two decades. Phytochemicals are bioactive nutrient plant chemicals in fruits, vegetables, grains, and other plant foods that may provide desirable health benefits beyond essential nutrition. They may reduce the risk of major chronic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, osteoporosis, diabetes, high blood pressure, and psychotic diseases and have antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antifungal properties, cholesterol-lowering, antithrombotic, or anti-inflammatory effects. Phytochemicals have been recently studied and explored for various purposes, such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, flavors, fragrances, coloring agents, biopesticides, and food additives. These compounds are known as secondary metabolites and are commonly classified as polyphenols, terpenoids (terpenes), tocotrienols and tocopherols, carotenoids, alkaloids and other nitrogen-containing metabolites, stilbenes and lignans, phenolic acids, and glucosinates. Thus, this chapter aims to define the general chemistry, classification, and essential sources of phytochemicals, as well as describe the potential application of phytochemicals in the food and nutraceuticals industry, explaining the main properties of interest of the different compounds. Finally, the leading technologies involving micro and nanoencapsulation of phytochemicals are extensively detailed to protect them against degradation and enhance their solubility, bioavailability, and better applicability in the pharmaceutical, food, and nutraceutical industry. The main challenges and perspectives are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Seiko Kato
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carini Aparecida Lelis
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Chemistry (PGQu), IQ, UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Sanitary Surveillance (PPGVS), National Institute of Health Quality Control (INCQS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruno Dutra da Silva
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Diego Galvan
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Chemistry (PGQu), IQ, UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Chemistry (PGQu), IQ, UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Sanitary Surveillance (PPGVS), National Institute of Health Quality Control (INCQS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Veterinary Hygiene (PPGHV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Vital Brazil Filho, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Residue Analysis Laboratory (LAB RES), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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236
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Machado-Velarde LX, Dávila-Vega JP, Gutiérrez-Uribe J, Espinosa-Ramírez J, Martínez-Ávila M, Guajardo-Flores D, Chuck-Hernández C. Black Bean Hulls as a Byproduct of an Extraction Process to Enhance Nutraceutical and Glycemic-Related Properties of Nixtamalized Maize Tostadas. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091915. [PMID: 37174452 PMCID: PMC10178423 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Black bean hulls (BBH) are rich in phenolic compounds, such as anthocyanins, which can be incorporated into common staple foods such as maize tostadas, enhancing the nutraceutical properties of these products. This study incorporates black bean hulls to produce nixtamalized maize tostadas with nutraceutical properties. Nixtamalized corn flour (NCF) and black bean hulls (BBH) were characterized in terms of protein, fat, crude and dietary fiber, anthocyanin concentration, and different starch fractions. NCF and BBH depicted 53.7 and 16.8% of total digestible starch (TDS), respectively, and 1.2 and 7.6% of resistant starch (RS), in the same order. BBH was incorporated into nixtamalized flour at 10, 15, and 20% w/w, and the resulting dough was thermo-mechanically characterized. Tostadas with BBH had higher protein, dietary fiber, and anthocyanin concentrations. Enriched tostadas did not show significant changes in texture or other sensory characteristics. However, a reduction in total digestible starch (61.97 up to 59.07%), an increase in resistant starch (0.46 to 2.3% from control tostadas to 20% BBH tostadas), and a reduction in the predicted glycemic index (52 to 49), among other parameters, indicated that BBH is a suitable alternative for developing nutraceutical food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesly Xiomara Machado-Velarde
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico
| | - Juan Pablo Dávila-Vega
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico
| | - Janet Gutiérrez-Uribe
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico
| | - Johanan Espinosa-Ramírez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico
| | - Mariana Martínez-Ávila
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico
| | - Daniel Guajardo-Flores
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico
| | - Cristina Chuck-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico
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237
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Nawawi NIM, Ijod G, Senevirathna SSJ, Aadil RM, Yusof NL, Yusoff MM, Adzahan NM, Azman EM. Comparison of high pressure and thermal pasteurization on the quality parameters of strawberry products: a review. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:729-747. [PMID: 37041805 PMCID: PMC10082863 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) is rich in bioactive compounds with high antioxidant activity. High pressure processing (HPP) is an efficient alternative to preserve these bioactive compounds in terms of microbial inactivation and shelf-life stability. This review compares the effects of pasteurization methods using high pressure or thermal pasteurization (TP) on the quality parameters of various strawberry-based products. To summarize, most of the high pressure-treated products are microbiologically stable and showed minimum degradation of thermolabile compounds than TP-treated ones. However, some studies reported that high pressure did not have an advantage over TP especially in the preservation of phenolic phytochemicals during storage. The insufficient enzyme inactivation and high residual activity of enzymes after high pressure treatment could cause anthocyanins degradation thus affecting the product quality. Overall, this review could be valuable to potential processors in evaluating the effective commercialization of high pressure-treated strawberry products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Izzati Mohamed Nawawi
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Giroon Ijod
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Sri Sampath Janaka Senevirathna
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box. 01, Peradeniya, 20400 Sri Lanka
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Noor Liyana Yusof
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Masni Mat Yusoff
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Noranizan Mohd Adzahan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Ezzat Mohamad Azman
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
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238
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Wang J, Wang X, Zhao S, Xi X, Feng J, Han R. Brachypodium BdCHS is a homolog of Arabidopsis AtCHS involved in the synthesis of flavonoids and lateral root development. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:999-1003. [PMID: 36342530 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01819-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a kind of plant-specific secondary metabolites, which play an important role in regulating plant growth and development, stress response, and also have medicinal value. Chalcone synthase is the key enzyme in the synthesis of flavonoids. The function of chalcone synthase in Arabidopsis thaliana has been well studied, but its homologous protein in Brachypodium distachyon has not been reported. In this study, we identified a homolog of AtCHS in B. distachyon, named BdCHS, and described its function. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that BdCHS was most closely related to CHS in Triticum aestivum. Transgene analysis revealed that BdCHS protein was localized in the cytoplasm of Arabidopsis root cells. BdCHS protein can complement the phenotype of AtCHS mutants with lighter seed coat color and increased lateral root density. The content of superoxide anion in the cortical cells above the lateral root primordium in AtCHS mutants was higher than that in the wild-type, and BdCHS protein could restore the content of superoxide anion in AtCHS mutant to the level of that in the wild-type. The results showed that BdCHS was a functional homolog of AtCHS, which laid a foundation for the subsequent application of BdCHS in genetic breeding and crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Higher Education Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Environmental Stress Response, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 031002, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Higher Education Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Environmental Stress Response, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 031002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 031002, China
| | - Shifeng Zhao
- Higher Education Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Environmental Stress Response, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 031002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 031002, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xi
- Higher Education Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Environmental Stress Response, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 031002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 031002, China
| | - Jinlin Feng
- Higher Education Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Environmental Stress Response, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 031002, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 031002, China.
| | - Rong Han
- Higher Education Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Environmental Stress Response, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 031002, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 031002, China.
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239
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Taghavi T, Patel H, Rafie R. Extraction Solvents Affect Anthocyanin Yield, Color, and Profile of Strawberries. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091833. [PMID: 37176888 PMCID: PMC10181068 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a major group of plant pigments that have antioxidant activities. Pigments play a major role in human health and have attracted a lot of attention globally. Many factors affect anthocyanin yields, such as solvent type, incubation time, solvent-to-sample ratio, sample type, and temperature. The first parameter was tested, and the rest were considered constant in this experiment. A total of nine organic and water-based solvents (methanol and chloroform: methanol, acetone, ethanol, water) and their combinations were compared to extract anthocyanins from freshly-pureed strawberries. Solvents changed anthocyanin yield, color parameters, and profile. The color parameters of a* values lower than 30, L* values higher than 85, hue angle more than 40, and chroma less than 30 indicated some color degradation in strawberry anthocyanins. Therefore, the best solvents for anthocyanin assessment were methanol and methanol: water. The second-best solvent was the pH differential buffers. Other solvents such as ethanol, chloroform: methanol, water, and water-based solvents extracted considerable amounts of anthocyanins; however, they showed some degree of color degradation, evidenced by the color parameters. Acetone did not yield a stable extract which degraded over 48 h of storage at 4 °C. The extraction solvent determined the main anthocyanin of the anthocyanins profile. Pelargonidin was the major anthocyanin in chloroform: methanol solvent, while delphinidin was dominant in all other solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toktam Taghavi
- Agricultural Research Station, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA
| | - Hiral Patel
- Agricultural Research Station, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA
| | - Reza Rafie
- Cooperative Extension, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA
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240
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Festa J, Hussain A, Al-Hareth Z, Singh H, Da Boit M. Anthocyanins and Vascular Health: A Matter of Metabolites. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091796. [PMID: 37174334 PMCID: PMC10178014 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a subgroup of flavonoid polyphenols previously investigated for improving cardiovascular health and preventing the development of endothelial dysfunction. However, their poor bioavailability raises the question of whether the observed biological activity is due to their metabolites. Phenolic metabolites can reach higher plasma concentrations and can persist in the circulation for periods much longer than their original anthocyanin form; therefore, the biological activity and health promoting effects of anthocyanins may differ from their metabolites. To address this, recent studies have facilitated different cell models, in vivo studies and explored physiologically relevant concentrations to better understand their mechanisms of action. The criteria were chosen based on previous reports demonstrating that anthocyanins can improve endothelial function via modulation of the Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway and transcription factors Nrf2 and NF-κB, which made it critical to assess the phenolic metabolites' modes of action via these pathways. This review demonstrates how phenolic metabolites differ in bioactivity from their precursor anthocyanin, demonstrating improved endothelial function in response to inflammatory mediators at concentrations that are tolerated in vivo. The review highlights the crucial need for further studies to focus on improving the bioavailability of metabolites in isolation and explore the effect of metabolites in mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Festa
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Aamir Hussain
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Zakia Al-Hareth
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7TY, UK
| | - Harprit Singh
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Mariasole Da Boit
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
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241
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Tsai HH, Yu JC, Hsu HM, Chu CH, Chang TM, Hong ZJ, Feng AC, Fu CY, Hsu KF, Dai MS, Liao GS. The Risk of Breast Cancer between Western and Mediterranean Dietary Patterns. Nutrients 2023; 15:2057. [PMID: 37432206 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a significant public health problem globally and prevention strategies have become of great interest as its incidence rises. Exploring the connection between dietary patterns and the reduction of breast cancer risk is considered a promising approach. High levels of fiber, phytochemicals, a good antioxidant profile, and a composition of advantageous fatty acids are characteristics of healthy dietary programs such as the Mediterranean diet. This review summarized and discussed the active compounds that are considered important in preventing breast cancer, including dietary components from recent related reports. These include polyunsaturated fatty acids, fiber, phytochemicals, and alcohol. Although the exact mechanism for preventing breast cancer using these dietary factors is not well understood, the combination of all the elements in a healthy diet plays a role in reducing breast cancer risk. Considering the elevated probability of breast cancer relapse and mortality, it is crucial to investigate the correlation between a nutritious dietary pattern and breast cancer, while identifying bioactive components that have the potential to mitigate the risk of breast cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Han Tsai
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Services General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Cherng Yu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Services General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Ming Hsu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Services General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hong Chu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Services General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ming Chang
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Services General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Jie Hong
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Services General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - An-Chieh Feng
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Services General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Fu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Services General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Feng Hsu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Services General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shen Dai
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Shiou Liao
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Services General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
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242
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Zhuang WB, Li YH, Shu XC, Pu YT, Wang XJ, Wang T, Wang Z. The Classification, Molecular Structure and Biological Biosynthesis of Flavonoids, and Their Roles in Biotic and Abiotic Stresses. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083599. [PMID: 37110833 PMCID: PMC10147097 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
With the climate constantly changing, plants suffer more frequently from various abiotic and biotic stresses. However, they have evolved biosynthetic machinery to survive in stressful environmental conditions. Flavonoids are involved in a variety of biological activities in plants, which can protect plants from different biotic (plant-parasitic nematodes, fungi and bacteria) and abiotic stresses (salt stress, drought stress, UV, higher and lower temperatures). Flavonoids contain several subgroups, including anthocyanidins, flavonols, flavones, flavanols, flavanones, chalcones, dihydrochalcones and dihydroflavonols, which are widely distributed in various plants. As the pathway of flavonoid biosynthesis has been well studied, many researchers have applied transgenic technologies in order to explore the molecular mechanism of genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis; as such, many transgenic plants have shown a higher stress tolerance through the regulation of flavonoid content. In the present review, the classification, molecular structure and biological biosynthesis of flavonoids were summarized, and the roles of flavonoids under various forms of biotic and abiotic stress in plants were also included. In addition, the effect of applying genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis on the enhancement of plant tolerance under various biotic and abiotic stresses was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bing Zhuang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yu-Hang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Shu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yu-Ting Pu
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
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243
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Mulero-Cerezo J, Tuñón-Molina A, Cano-Vicent A, Pérez-Colomer L, Martí M, Serrano-Aroca Á. Alcoholic and non-alcoholic rosé wines made with Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii probiotic yeast. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:201. [PMID: 37081186 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03534-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The production of alcoholic and non-alcoholic rosé wines using Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii probiotic yeast is described in this study for the first time. Before and after fermentation and distillation, the volatile acidity, lactic, and malic acid levels were evaluated for S. cerevisiae var. boulardii. These contents were compared to those obtained with a standard S. cerevisiae EC-1118 yeast. We measured the levels of gluconic acid and free amino nitrogen in the musts. After fermentation and distillation, yeast viability was assessed as a function of time (0, 15 days, 3 months, and 6 months), both at ambient temperature (25 ± 0.5 °C) and refrigerator temperature (4 ± 0.5 °C). The outcomes revealed that the rosé wine made with S. cerevisiae var. boulardii had the same values and preliminary sensory characteristics as other commercial wines made with S. cerevisiae EC-1118. The S. cerevisiae var. boulardii yeast successfully survived the high alcohol level produced during fermentation and vacuum distillation. The study also revealed that this unique rosé wine retains its probiotic viability for at least 6 months when stored at room temperature or in the refrigerator, making it a suitable candidate for large-scale production where long storage intervals are required by both producers and consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Mulero-Cerezo
- Viñas Familia Gil, Paraje de la Aragona, Carretera de Fuente Álamo, 30520, Jumilla, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Tuñón-Molina
- Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, C/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alba Cano-Vicent
- Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, C/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lorena Pérez-Colomer
- Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, C/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Martí
- Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, C/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, C/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001, Valencia, Spain.
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244
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Yang K, Hou Y, Wu M, Pan Q, Xie Y, Zhang Y, Sun F, Zhang Z, Wu J. DoMYB5 and DobHLH24, Transcription Factors Involved in Regulating Anthocyanin Accumulation in Dendrobium officinale. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087552. [PMID: 37108715 PMCID: PMC10142772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As a kind of orchid plant with both medicinal and ornamental value, Dendrobium officinale has garnered increasing research attention in recent years. The MYB and bHLH transcription factors play important roles in the synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanin. However, how MYB and bHLH transcription factors work in the synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanin in D. officinale is still unclear. In this study, we cloned and characterized one MYB and one bHLH transcription factor, namely, D. officinale MYB5 (DoMYB5) and D. officinaleb bHLH24 (DobHLH24), respectively. Their expression levels were positively correlated with the anthocyanin content in the flowers, stems, and leaves of D. officinale varieties with different colors. The transient expression of DoMYB5 and DobHLH24 in D. officinale leaf and their stable expression in tobacco significantly promoted the accumulation of anthocyanin. Both DoMYB5 and DobHLH24 could directly bind to the promoters of D. officinale CHS (DoCHS) and D. officinale DFR (DoDFR) and regulate DoCHS and DoDFR expression. The co-transformation of the two transcription factors significantly enhanced the expression levels of DoCHS and DoDFR. DoMYB5 and DobHLH24 may enhance the regulatory effect by forming heterodimers. Drawing on the results of our experiments, we propose that DobHLH24 may function as a regulatory partner by interacting directly with DoMYB5 to stimulate anthocyanin accumulation in D. officinale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yibin Hou
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mei Wu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qiuyu Pan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yilong Xie
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yusen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Fenghang Sun
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhizhong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jinghua Wu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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245
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Efosa JO, Omage K, Azeke MA. Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx protect against oxidative stress and aluminium chloride-induced neurotoxicity in the brain of experimental rats. Toxicol Rep 2023; 10:469-480. [PMID: 37396846 PMCID: PMC10313867 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the antioxidant and neuroprotective potentials of extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx in Wistar albino male rats injected intraperitoneally with aluminium chloride at a dose of 7 mg/kg/day. Phytochemical screening of H. sabdariffa calyx show that coumarin glycosides and steroid were absent after drying at 50 oC. At 30 oC, there were significant (p < 0.05) highest amounts of phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannin, and saponin. The extracts showed significantly (p < 0.05) high dose-dependent antioxidant activities. MDA significantly (p < 0.05) increased, while GSH, GPX, SOD, CAT activities significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the brain of the experimental rats induced with AlCl3, while treatment with the extracts reversed these effects to a relatively normal level. At doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight, the extracts of the calyx dried at 30 oC exhibited the highest capacity to increase the activities of GSH and GPx. Also, AlCl3 caused significant increases (p < 0.05) in the percentage inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities, and a significantly (p < 0.05) lower protein levels in the brain of the test rats, while treatment with the extracts, at low and high doses, significantly (p < 0.05) reversed these effects in the rat brain to near normal.H. sabdariffa exhibited a good potential to protect against oxidative stress and neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Osarenren Efosa
- Department of Physical Laboratory Technology, School of Applied Sciences and Technology, Auchi Polytechnic, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Kingsley Omage
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Igbinedion University Okada, Edo State, Nigeria
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marshall Arebojie Azeke
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Edo State, Nigeria
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246
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de Souza Mesquita LM, Sosa FHB, Contieri LS, Marques PR, Viganó J, Coutinho JAP, Dias ACRV, Ventura SPM, Rostagno MA. Combining eutectic solvents and food-grade silica to recover and stabilize anthocyanins from grape pomace. Food Chem 2023; 406:135093. [PMID: 36470084 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Concentrated in the skins of red grapes are the anthocyanins, the primary colorants responsible for the fruits' reddish-purple color. These colorants are recognized for their significant antioxidant properties and potent nutraceutical and pharmaceutical ingredients. Nevertheless, their widespread use is compromised by the (i) need for more efficient yet sustainable downstream processes for their recovery and (ii) by the challenges imposed by their poor stability. In this work, these drawbacks were overcome by applying eutectic solvents and stabilizing agents. Besides, the anthocyanins were successfully loaded into a solid host material (approved in both food and pharmaceutical sectors) based on silicon dioxide (SiO2, loading capacity: 1extract:7silica m/m). Summing up, with the process developed, the extraction yield (21 mganthocyanins.gbiomass-1) and the stability (under 55, 75, and 95 °C) of the recovered anthocyanins were over three times better than with the conventional process. Finally, the raw materials and solvents were recycled, allowing an economical and environmentally friendly downstream process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo M de Souza Mesquita
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas, Rua Pedro Zaccaria 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Filipe H B Sosa
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Letícia S Contieri
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas, Rua Pedro Zaccaria 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Priscilla R Marques
- Evonik Brasil LTDA, Rua Arquiteto Olavo Redig de Campos, 105, Torre A, 04711-904 São Paulo, Sp, Brazil
| | - Juliane Viganó
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas, Rua Pedro Zaccaria 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - João A P Coutinho
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana C R V Dias
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia P M Ventura
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maurício A Rostagno
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas, Rua Pedro Zaccaria 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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247
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Negrean OR, Farcas AC, Pop OL, Socaci SA. Blackthorn-A Valuable Source of Phenolic Antioxidants with Potential Health Benefits. Molecules 2023; 28:3456. [PMID: 37110690 PMCID: PMC10143519 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prunus spinosa L. fruit, commonly known as blackthorn, is a rich source of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, vitamins, minerals, and organic acids, which exhibit significant antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Notably, flavonoids such as catechin, epicatechin, and rutin have been reported to have protective effects against diabetes, while other flavonoids, including myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol, exhibit antihypertensive activity. Solvent extraction methods are widely used for the extraction of phenolic compounds from plant sources, owing to their simplicity, efficacy, and broad applicability. Furthermore, modern extraction techniques, such as microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), have been employed to extract polyphenols from Prunus spinosa L. fruits. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the biologically active compounds found in blackthorn fruits, emphasizing their direct physiological effects on the human body. Additionally, the manuscript highlights the potential applications of blackthorn fruits in various industries, including the food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and functional product sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana-Raluca Negrean
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Corina Farcas
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oana Lelia Pop
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Molecular Nutrition and Proteomics Lab, CDS3, Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sonia Ancuta Socaci
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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248
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Kongthitilerd P, Barras E, Rong W, Thibodeaux A, Rigdon M, Yao S, Adisakwattana S, Suantawee T, Cheng H. Cyanidin inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by activating the PLC-IP 3 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114677. [PMID: 37044024 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanidin is the most abundant anthocyanin found in red-purple plants and possesses anti-obesity properties. However, its mechanism of action in adipocytes remains unknown. The objective of this study was to elucidate how cyanidin inhibits adipocyte formation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Cells were cultured in adipogenic differentiation medium supplemented with cyanidin and examined for adipogenesis, cell viability, and adipocyte gene expression using Oil Red O staining, MTT assay, and RT-qPCR. Real-time Ca2+ imaging analysis was performed in living cells to elucidate cyanidin's mechanism of action. The results demonstrated that cyanidin (1-50 μM) supplementation to the adipogenic medium inhibited adipogenesis by downregulating adipogenic marker gene expression (PPARγ, C/EBPα, adiponectin, and aP2) without affecting cell viability after 4 days of treatment. Stimulation of cells with cyanidin (30-100 μM) increased intracellular Ca2+ in a concentration dependent manner with peak calcium increases at 50 μM. Pretreatment of cells with the phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor U73122, inositol triphosphate (IP3) receptor blocker 2-APB, and depletion of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores by thapsigargin abolished the Ca2+ increases by cyanidin. These findings suggested that cyanidin inhibits adipocyte formation by activating the PLC-IP3 pathway and intracellular Ca2+ signaling. Our study is the first report describing the mechanism underlying the anti-obesity effect of cyanidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phutthida Kongthitilerd
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand; Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Elise Barras
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Weiqiong Rong
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Ansleigh Thibodeaux
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Madison Rigdon
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Shaomian Yao
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Sirichai Adisakwattana
- Phytochemical and Functional Food Research Unit for Clinical Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tanyawan Suantawee
- Phytochemical and Functional Food Research Unit for Clinical Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Henrique Cheng
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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Barkaoui S, Madureira J, Boudhrioua N, Cabo Verde S. Berries: effects on health, preservation methods, and uses in functional foods: a review. Eur Food Res Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-023-04257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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250
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Verma G, Bhat R. The Anthocyanidin Peonidin Interferes with an Early Step in the Fibrillation Pathway of α-Synuclein and Modulates It toward Amorphous Aggregates. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023. [PMID: 37011370 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by progressive degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the brain, accompanied by the accumulation of proteinaceous inclusions, Lewy bodies (LB), mainly comprised of alpha synuclein (α-syn) aggregates. The heterogeneity and the transient nature of the intermediate species formed in the α-syn fibrillation pathway have made it difficult to develop an effective therapeutic intervention. Therefore, any therapeutic molecule that could prevent as well as treat PD would be of great interest. Anthocyanidins are natural flavonoid compounds that have been shown to have neuroprotective properties and to modulate factors that cause neuronal death. Herein, we have explored the modulation and inhibition of α-syn fibrillation by the anthocyanidins cyanidin, delphinidin, and peonidin using a number of biophysical and structural tools. α-Syn fibrillation monitored using thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence and light scattering suggested concentration dependent inhibition of α-syn fibrillation by all the three anthocyanidins. While cyanidin and delphinidin induced the formation of oligomers and small fibrillar structures of α-syn, respectively, peonidin led to the formation of amorphous aggregates, as observed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Peonidin proved to be most effective of the three anthocyanidins toward alleviating cell toxicity of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells at concentrations where α-synuclein fibrillation was completely suppressed. Hence, the inhibition mechanism of peonidin was further explored by studying its interaction with α-syn using titration calorimetry and molecular docking. The results show its weak binding (in mM range) to the NAC region of α-syn through hydrogen bonding interactions. Also, circular dichroism and Raman spectroscopy revealed the structural aspects of peonidin-induced α-syn amorphous aggregates showing alpha helical structures with exposed Phe and Tyr regions. Due to the neuroprotective nature of peonidin, the findings reported here are significant and can be further explored toward developing a modifying therapy that could address both disease onset as well as the progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Verma
- School of Biotechnology Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Rajiv Bhat
- School of Biotechnology Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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