201
|
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is a heterotetrameric nuclear encoded mitochondrial protein complex which plays a role in the citric acid cycle and the electron transfer chain. Germline mutations in SDHA are associated with Leigh syndrome. Mutations in SDHB, SDHC and SDHD are found in an increasing number of neoplasms, most notably paragangliomas and wild-type gastrointestinal stromal tumours. SDH deficiency in these tumours has important prognostic implications, and also provides a novel target for molecular therapy. In this article, we outline the structure and function of SDH and provide a summary of its role in various diseases.
Collapse
|
202
|
Collins RRJ, Patel K, Putnam WC, Kapur P, Rakheja D. Oncometabolites: A New Paradigm for Oncology, Metabolism, and the Clinical Laboratory. Clin Chem 2017; 63:1812-1820. [PMID: 29038145 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2016.267666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric clinical laboratories commonly measure tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates for screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of specific inborn errors of metabolism, such as organic acidurias. In the past decade, the same tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites have been implicated and studied in cancer. The accumulation of these metabolites in certain cancers not only serves as a biomarker but also directly contributes to cellular transformation, therefore earning them the designation of oncometabolites. CONTENT D-2-hydroxyglutarate, L-2-hydroxyglutarate, succinate, and fumarate are the currently recognized oncometabolites. They are structurally similar and share metabolic proximity in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. As a result, they promote tumorigenesis in cancer cells through similar mechanisms. This review summarizes the currently understood common and distinct biological features of these compounds. In addition, we will review the current laboratory methodologies that can be used to quantify these metabolites and their downstream targets. SUMMARY Oncometabolites play an important role in cancer biology. The metabolic pathways that lead to the production of oncometabolites and the downstream signaling pathways that are activated by oncometabolites represent potential therapeutic targets. Clinical laboratories have a critical role to play in the management of oncometabolite-associated cancers through development and validation of sensitive and specific assays that measure oncometabolites and their downstream effectors. These assays can be used as screening tools and for follow-up to measure response to treatment, as well as to detect minimal residual disease and recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R J Collins
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Health, Dallas, TX
| | - Khushbu Patel
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Health, Dallas, TX
| | - William C Putnam
- Office of Clinical and Translational Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Payal Kapur
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Dinesh Rakheja
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Health, Dallas, TX.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| |
Collapse
|
203
|
Gooptu M, Whitaker-Menezes D, Sprandio J, Domingo-Vidal M, Lin Z, Uppal G, Gong J, Fratamico R, Leiby B, Dulau-Florea A, Caro J, Martinez-Outschoorn U. Mitochondrial and glycolytic metabolic compartmentalization in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Semin Oncol 2017; 44:204-217. [PMID: 29248132 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic heterogeneity between neoplastic cells and surrounding stroma has been described in several epithelial malignancies; however, the metabolic phenotypes of neoplastic lymphocytes and neighboring stroma in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is unknown. We investigated the metabolic phenotypes of human DLBCL tumors by using immunohistochemical markers of glycolytic and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) metabolism. The lactate importer MCT4 is a marker of glycolysis, whereas the lactate importer MCT1 and TOMM20 are markers of OXPHOS metabolism. Staining patterns were assessed in 33 DLBCL samples as well as 18 control samples (non-neoplastic lymph nodes). TOMM20 and MCT1 were highly expressed in neoplastic lymphocytes, indicating an OXPHOS phenotype, whereas non-neoplastic lymphocytes in the control samples did not express these markers. Stromal cells in DLBCL samples strongly expressed MCT4, displaying a glycolytic phenotype, a feature not seen in stromal elements of non-neoplastic lymphatic tissue. Furthermore, the differential expression of lactate exporters (MCT4) on tumor-associated stroma and lactate importers (MCT1) on neoplastic lymphocytes support the hypothesis that neoplastic cells are metabolically linked to the stroma likely via mutually beneficial reprogramming. MCT4 is a marker of tumor-associated stroma in neoplastic tissue. Our findings suggest that disruption of neoplastic-stromal cell metabolic heterogeneity including MCT1 and MCT4 blockade should be studied to determine if it could represent a novel treatment target in DLBCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahasweta Gooptu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Diana Whitaker-Menezes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John Sprandio
- Consultants in Medical Oncology and Hematology, Broomall, PA
| | - Marina Domingo-Vidal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Zhao Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Guldeep Uppal
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jerald Gong
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Roberto Fratamico
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Benjamin Leiby
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Biostatistics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alina Dulau-Florea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hematology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jaime Caro
- Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Ubaldo Martinez-Outschoorn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.
| |
Collapse
|
204
|
Kavinga Gunawardane PT, Grossman A. The clinical genetics of phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2017; 61:490-500. [PMID: 29166454 PMCID: PMC10522248 DOI: 10.1590/2359-3997000000299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma are rare catecholamine-producing tumours, recognised to have one of the richest hereditary backgrounds of all neoplasms, with germline mutations seen in approximately 30% of patients. They can be a part of genetic syndromes such as MEN 2 or Neurofibromatosis type 1, or can be found as apparently sporadic tumours. Germline mutations are almost always found in syndromic patients. Nonetheless, apparently sporadic phaeochromocytoma too show high germline mutation rates. Early detection of a genetic mutation can lead to early diagnosis of further tumours via surveillance, early treatment and better prognosis. Apart from this, the genetic profile has important relevance for tumour location and biochemical profile, and can be a useful predictor of future tumour behaviour. It also enables family screening and surveillance. Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated significant driver somatic mutations in up to 75% of all tumours. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2017;61(5):490-500.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. T. Kavinga Gunawardane
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of OxfordUKOxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Ashley Grossman
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of OxfordUKOxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, UK
- Green Templeton CollegeUniversity of OxfordUKGreen Templeton College, University of Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
205
|
Eijkelenkamp K, Osinga TE, de Jong MM, Sluiter WJ, Dullaart RPF, Links TP, Kerstens MN, van der Horst-Schrivers ANA. Calculating the optimal surveillance for head and neck paraganglioma in SDHB-mutation carriers. Fam Cancer 2017; 16:123-130. [PMID: 27573198 PMCID: PMC5243881 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-016-9923-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Germline mutations of the gene encoding succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB) predispose to head-and-neck-paraganglioma (HNPGL), sympathetic PGL, pheochromocytoma and renal cell carcinoma for which regular surveillance is required. SDHB-associated tumors harbor germline and somatic mutations, consistent with Knudson’s two-hit hypothesis. To assess the penetrance and optimal surveillance for different manifestations of SDHB mutation carriers. This study included all SDHB mutation carriers who were followed at the Department of Endocrinology at the University Medical Center of Groningen. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to assess the penetrance. Poisson process was used to assess the optimal age to start surveillance and intervals. Ninety-one SDHB-mutation carriers (38 men and 53 women) were included. Twenty-seven mutation carriers (30 %) had manifestations, with an overall penetrance 35 % at the age of 60 years. We calculated that optimal surveillance for HNPGL could start from an age of 27 years with an interval of 3.2 years. This study underscores the relatively low penetrance of disease in SDHB mutation carriers. Use of the Poisson approach provides a more accurate estimation of the age to initiate surveillance and length of intervals for HNPGL. These results may give rise to reconsider the current guidelines regarding the screening of these mutation carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Eijkelenkamp
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thamara E Osinga
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam M de Jong
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim J Sluiter
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robin P F Dullaart
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thera P Links
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel N Kerstens
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk N A van der Horst-Schrivers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
206
|
ARHI is a novel epigenetic silenced tumor suppressor in sporadic pheochromocytoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:86325-86338. [PMID: 29156798 PMCID: PMC5689688 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pheochromocytoma (PCC) is related to germline mutations in 12 susceptibility genes. Although comparative genomic hybridization array has revealed some putative tumor suppressor genes on the short arm of chromosome 1 that are likely to be involved in PCC tumorigenesis, the molecules involved, except for those encoded by known susceptibility genes, have not been found in the generation of sporadic tumors. In the present work, we first identified that the unmethylated allele of Aplasia Ras homolog member I (ARHI) was deleted in most PCC tumors which retained a hypermethylated copy, while its mRNA level was significantly correlated with the unmethylated copy. De-methylation experiments confirmed that expression of ARHI was also regulated by the methylation level of the remaining allele. Furthermore, ARHI overexpression inhibited cell proliferation, with cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis, in ARHI-negative primary human PCC cells, whereas knockdown of ARHI demonstrated the opposite effect in ARHI-positive primary human PCC cells. Finally, we demonstrated that ARHI has the ability to suppress pAKT and pErK1/2, to promote the expression of p21Waf1/Cip1 and p27Kip1, and also to increase p27Kip1 protein stability. In summary, ARHI was silenced or downregulated in PCC tissues harboring only one hypermethylated allele. ARHI contributes to tumor suppression through inhibition of PI3K/AKT and MAKP/ERK pathways, to upregulate cell cycle inhibitors such as p27Kip1. We therefore reasoned that ARHI is a novel epigenetic silenced tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 1p that is involved in sporadic PCC tumorigenesis.
Collapse
|
207
|
Seidel E, Scholl UI. Genetic mechanisms of human hypertension and their implications for blood pressure physiology. Physiol Genomics 2017; 49:630-652. [PMID: 28887369 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00032.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension, or elevated blood pressure, constitutes a major public health burden that affects more than 1 billion people worldwide and contributes to ~9 million deaths annually. Hereditary factors are thought to contribute to up to 50% of interindividual blood pressure variability. Blood pressure in the general population approximately shows a normal distribution and is thought to be a polygenic trait. In rare cases, early-onset hypertension or hypotension are inherited as Mendelian traits. The identification of the underlying Mendelian genes and variants has contributed to our understanding of the physiology of blood pressure regulation, emphasizing renal salt handling and the renin angiotensin aldosterone system as players in the determination of blood pressure. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed more than 100 variants that are associated with blood pressure, typically with small effect sizes, which cumulatively explain ~3.5% of blood pressure trait variability. Several GWAS associations point to a role of the vasculature in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Despite these advances, the majority of the genetic contributors to blood pressure regulation are currently unknown; whether large-scale exome or genome sequencing studies will unravel these factors remains to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Seidel
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ute I Scholl
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
208
|
Rinaldi G, Rossi M, Fendt SM. Metabolic interactions in cancer: cellular metabolism at the interface between the microenvironment, the cancer cell phenotype and the epigenetic landscape. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 10. [DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Rinaldi
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation; VIB Center for Cancer Biology; Leuven Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology; KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI); Leuven Belgium
| | - Matteo Rossi
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation; VIB Center for Cancer Biology; Leuven Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology; KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI); Leuven Belgium
| | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation; VIB Center for Cancer Biology; Leuven Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology; KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI); Leuven Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
209
|
Basetti M. Special Issue: Cancer Metabolism. Metabolites 2017; 7:E41. [PMID: 28792436 PMCID: PMC5618326 DOI: 10.3390/metabo7030041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This special issue is designed to present the latest research findings and developments in the field of cancer metabolism. Cancer is a complex disease and a common term used for more than 100 diseases, whereas metabolism describes a labyrinth of complex biochemical pathways in the cell. It is essential to understand metabolism in the context of cancer for the early detection of disease biomarkers and to find proper targets for potential treatments. The articles presented in this issue cover metabolic aspects of brain tumours, breast tumours, paraganglioma, and the metabolic activity of tumour suppressor gene p53.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Basetti
- Imaging Core, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
210
|
Anderson NM, Mucka P, Kern JG, Feng H. The emerging role and targetability of the TCA cycle in cancer metabolism. Protein Cell 2017; 9:216-237. [PMID: 28748451 PMCID: PMC5818369 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is a central route for oxidative phosphorylation in cells, and fulfills their bioenergetic, biosynthetic, and redox balance requirements. Despite early dogma that cancer cells bypass the TCA cycle and primarily utilize aerobic glycolysis, emerging evidence demonstrates that certain cancer cells, especially those with deregulated oncogene and tumor suppressor expression, rely heavily on the TCA cycle for energy production and macromolecule synthesis. As the field progresses, the importance of aberrant TCA cycle function in tumorigenesis and the potentials of applying small molecule inhibitors to perturb the enhanced cycle function for cancer treatment start to evolve. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the fuels feeding the cycle, effects of oncogenes and tumor suppressors on fuel and cycle usage, common genetic alterations and deregulation of cycle enzymes, and potential therapeutic opportunities for targeting the TCA cycle in cancer cells. With the application of advanced technology and in vivo model organism studies, it is our hope that studies of this previously overlooked biochemical hub will provide fresh insights into cancer metabolism and tumorigenesis, subsequently revealing vulnerabilities for therapeutic interventions in various cancer types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Anderson
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6160, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Patrick Mucka
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, The Center for Cancer Research, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Joseph G Kern
- Program in Biomedical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Hui Feng
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, The Center for Cancer Research, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
211
|
Remacha L, Comino-Méndez I, Richter S, Contreras L, Currás-Freixes M, Pita G, Letón R, Galarreta A, Torres-Pérez R, Honrado E, Jiménez S, Maestre L, Moran S, Esteller M, Satrústegui J, Eisenhofer G, Robledo M, Cascón A. Targeted Exome Sequencing of Krebs Cycle Genes Reveals Candidate Cancer-Predisposing Mutations in Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:6315-6324. [PMID: 28720665 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Mutations in Krebs cycle genes are frequently found in patients with pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas. Disruption of SDH, FH or MDH2 enzymatic activities lead to accumulation of specific metabolites, which give rise to epigenetic changes in the genome that cause a characteristic hypermethylated phenotype. Tumors showing this phenotype, but no alterations in the known predisposing genes, could harbor mutations in other Krebs cycle genes.Experimental Design: We used downregulation and methylation of RBP1, as a marker of a hypermethylation phenotype, to select eleven pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas for targeted exome sequencing of a panel of Krebs cycle-related genes. Methylation profiling, metabolite assessment and additional analyses were also performed in selected cases.Results: One of the 11 tumors was found to carry a known cancer-predisposing somatic mutation in IDH1 A variant in GOT2, c.357A>T, found in a patient with multiple tumors, was associated with higher tumor mRNA and protein expression levels, increased GOT2 enzymatic activity in lymphoblastic cells, and altered metabolite ratios both in tumors and in GOT2 knockdown HeLa cells transfected with the variant. Array methylation-based analysis uncovered a somatic epigenetic mutation in SDHC in a patient with multiple pheochromocytomas and a gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Finally, a truncating germline IDH3B mutation was found in a patient with a single paraganglioma showing an altered α-ketoglutarate/isocitrate ratio.Conclusions: This study further attests to the relevance of the Krebs cycle in the development of PCC and PGL, and points to a potential role of other metabolic enzymes involved in metabolite exchange between mitochondria and cytosol. Clin Cancer Res; 23(20); 6315-24. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Remacha
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iñaki Comino-Méndez
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Susan Richter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Laura Contreras
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Currás-Freixes
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Pita
- Human Genotyping Unit-CeGen, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Letón
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Galarreta
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Torres-Pérez
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Scherezade Jiménez
- Monoclonal Antibodies Unit, Biotechnology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Maestre
- Monoclonal Antibodies Unit, Biotechnology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sebastian Moran
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorgina Satrústegui
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Graeme Eisenhofer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mercedes Robledo
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Cascón
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
212
|
The Warburg effect: 80 years on. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 44:1499-1505. [PMID: 27911732 PMCID: PMC5095922 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Influential research by Warburg and Cori in the 1920s ignited interest in how cancer cells' energy generation is different from that of normal cells. They observed high glucose consumption and large amounts of lactate excretion from cancer cells compared with normal cells, which oxidised glucose using mitochondria. It was therefore assumed that cancer cells were generating energy using glycolysis rather than mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and that the mitochondria were dysfunctional. Advances in research techniques since then have shown the mitochondria in cancer cells to be functional across a range of tumour types. However, different tumour populations have different bioenergetic alterations in order to meet their high energy requirement; the Warburg effect is not consistent across all cancer types. This review will discuss the metabolic reprogramming of cancer, possible explanations for the high glucose consumption in cancer cells observed by Warburg, and suggest key experimental practices we should consider when studying the metabolism of cancer.
Collapse
|
213
|
Correia M, Pinheiro P, Batista R, Soares P, Sobrinho-Simões M, Máximo V. Etiopathogenesis of oncocytomas. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 47:82-94. [PMID: 28687249 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Oncocytomas are distinct tumors characterized by an abnormal accumulation of defective and (most probably) dysfunctional mitochondria in cell cytoplasm of such tumors. This particular phenotype has been studied for the last decades and the clarification of the etiopathogenic causes are still needed. Several mechanisms involved in the formation and maintenance of oncocytomas are accepted as reasonable causes, but the relevance and contribution of each one for oncocytic transformation may depend on different cancer etiopathogenic contexts. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of the etiopathogenic events that may lead to oncocytic transformation and discuss their contribution for tumor progression and mitochondrial accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Correia
- Cancer Signalling and Metabolism Research Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S (Institute for Research and Innovation in Health), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Cancer Signalling and Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pinheiro
- Cancer Signalling and Metabolism Research Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S (Institute for Research and Innovation in Health), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Cancer Signalling and Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Batista
- Cancer Signalling and Metabolism Research Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S (Institute for Research and Innovation in Health), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Cancer Signalling and Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto - FMUP (Medical Faculty of University of Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Soares
- Cancer Signalling and Metabolism Research Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S (Institute for Research and Innovation in Health), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Cancer Signalling and Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto - FMUP (Medical Faculty of University of Porto), Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto - FMUP (Medical Faculty of University of Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Sobrinho-Simões
- Cancer Signalling and Metabolism Research Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S (Institute for Research and Innovation in Health), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Cancer Signalling and Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto - FMUP (Medical Faculty of University of Porto), Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto - FMUP (Medical Faculty of University of Porto), Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Valdemar Máximo
- Cancer Signalling and Metabolism Research Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S (Institute for Research and Innovation in Health), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Cancer Signalling and Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto - FMUP (Medical Faculty of University of Porto), Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto - FMUP (Medical Faculty of University of Porto), Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
214
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pheochromocytomas are rare catecholamine-producing neuroendocrine tumors. They are surgically curable but can be lethal if remain undiagnosed. We report a patient earlier diagnosed with malignant hyperthermia but later found to have pheochromocytoma on autopsy. CASE REPORT After a preprocedural pain block for elective right shoulder arthroscopy, a 53-year-old hypertensive white man developed chest pain. In the operating room, he had increased blood pressure. Postoperatively, his blood pressures dropped from 220/100 to 80/30 mm Hg. He later developed high fever with core temperature reaching a peak of 42.2°C, rapid breathing, and died after unsuccessful attempts to stabilize him. AUTOPSY Autopsy revealed a tumor in his right adrenal gland, measuring 10 cm in greatest dimension and weighing 530 g. It was red brown with a hemorrhagic and cystic cut surface. A thin rim of yellow-orange adrenal cortex was visible at the margin of the tumor, indicating that it originated from the underlying adrenal medulla. The left adrenal gland was unremarkable.Sections showed hypercellular tumor with zellballen architecture. The tumor cells were round to oval with finely granular basophilic cytoplasm and mild pleomorphism. A 24-hour urine sample collected before his death showed greater than 22727 μg/g Ratio to Creatinine metanephrines and normetanephrine, indicating that the tumor was active and secreted high levels of catecholamine. The cause of death was established as the complications of pheochromocytoma in the settings of general anesthesia for shoulder arthroscopy. The manner of death was natural. CONCLUSIONS Pheochromocytoma can mimic malignant hyperthermia, and it should always be considered and managed appropriately in such scenarios to avoid untoward consequences. Pathologists must also be aware of this when conducting an autopsy in cases with a previous clinical diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia.
Collapse
|
215
|
Oxidative Phosphorylation System in Gastric Carcinomas and Gastritis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1320241. [PMID: 28744336 PMCID: PMC5506471 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1320241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Switching of cellular energy production from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) by mitochondria to aerobic glycolysis occurs in many types of tumors. However, the significance of this switching for the development of gastric carcinoma and what connection it may have to Helicobacter pylori infection of the gut, a primary cause of gastric cancer, are poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the expression of OXPHOS complexes in two types of human gastric carcinomas ("intestinal" and "diffuse"), bacterial gastritis with and without metaplasia, and chemically induced gastritis by using immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we analyzed the effect of HP infection on several key mitochondrial proteins. Complex I expression was significantly reduced in intestinal type (but not diffuse) gastric carcinomas compared to adjacent control tissue, and the reduction was independent of HP infection. Significantly, higher complex I and complex II expression was present in large tumors. Furthermore, higher complex II and complex III protein levels were also obvious in grade 3 versus grade 2. No differences of OXPHOS complexes and markers of mitochondrial biogenesis were found between bacterially caused and chemically induced gastritis. Thus, intestinal gastric carcinomas, but not precancerous stages, are frequently characterized by loss of complex I, and this pathophysiology occurs independently of HP infection.
Collapse
|
216
|
Florio R, De Lellis L, di Giacomo V, Di Marcantonio MC, Cristiano L, Basile M, Verginelli F, Verzilli D, Ammazzalorso A, Prasad SC, Cataldi A, Sanna M, Cimini A, Mariani-Costantini R, Mincione G, Cama A. Effects of PPARα inhibition in head and neck paraganglioma cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178995. [PMID: 28594934 PMCID: PMC5464765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs) are rare tumors that may cause important morbidity, because of their tendency to infiltrate the skull base. At present, surgery is the only therapeutic option, but radical removal may be difficult or impossible. Thus, effective targets and molecules for HNPGL treatment need to be identified. However, the lack of cellular models for this rare tumor hampers this task. PPARα receptor activation was reported in several tumors and this receptor appears to be a promising therapeutic target in different malignancies. Considering that the role of PPARα in HNPGLs was never studied before, we analyzed the potential of modulating PPARα in a unique model of HNPGL cells. We observed an intense immunoreactivity for PPARα in HNPGL tumors, suggesting that this receptor has an important role in HNPGL. A pronounced nuclear expression of PPARα was also confirmed in HNPGL-derived cells. The specific PPARα agonist WY14643 had no effect on HNPGL cell viability, whereas the specific PPARα antagonist GW6471 reduced HNPGL cell viability and growth by inducing cell cycle arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis. GW6471 treatment was associated with a marked decrease of CDK4, cyclin D3 and cyclin B1 protein expression, along with an increased expression of p21 in HNPGL cells. Moreover, GW6471 drastically impaired clonogenic activity of HNPGL cells, with a less marked effect on cell migration. Notably, the effects of GW6471 on HNPGL cells were associated with the inhibition of the PI3K/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. In conclusion, the PPARα antagonist GW6471 reduces HNPGL cell viability, interfering with cell cycle and inducing apoptosis. The mechanisms affecting HNPGL cell viability involve repression of the PI3K/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway. Therefore, PPARα could represent a novel therapeutic target for HNPGL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Florio
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Unit of General Pathology, CeSI-MeT, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura De Lellis
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Unit of General Pathology, CeSI-MeT, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
- * E-mail: (LDL); (AC)
| | - Viviana di Giacomo
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Di Marcantonio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Loredana Cristiano
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Mariangela Basile
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Fabio Verginelli
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Unit of General Pathology, CeSI-MeT, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Delfina Verzilli
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - Amelia Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mario Sanna
- Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Gruppo Otologico, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
- Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS), National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Assergi, Italy
| | - Renato Mariani-Costantini
- Unit of General Pathology, CeSI-MeT, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gabriella Mincione
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cama
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Unit of General Pathology, CeSI-MeT, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
- * E-mail: (LDL); (AC)
| |
Collapse
|
217
|
Sharma S, Wang J, Cortes Gomez E, Taggart RT, Baysal BE. Mitochondrial complex II regulates a distinct oxygen sensing mechanism in monocytes. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:1328-1339. [PMID: 28204537 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in mitochondrial complex II (succinate dehydrogenase; SDH) genes predispose to paraganglioma tumors that show constitutive activation of hypoxia responses. We recently showed that SDHB mRNAs in hypoxic monocytes gain a stop codon mutation by APOBEC3A-mediated C-to-U RNA editing. Here, we test the hypothesis that inhibition of complex II facilitates hypoxic gene expression in monocytes using an integrative experimental approach. By RNA sequencing, we show that specific inhibition of complex II by atpenin A5 in normoxic conditions mimics hypoxia and induces hypoxic transcripts as well as APOBEC3A-mediated RNA editing in human monocytes. Myxothiazol, a complex III inhibitor, has similar effects in normoxic monocytes. Atpenin A5 partially inhibits oxygen consumption, and neither hypoxia nor atpenin A5 in normoxia robustly stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α in primary monocytes. Several earlier studies in transformed cell lines suggested that normoxic stabilization of HIF-1α explains the persistent expression of hypoxic genes upon complex II inactivation. On the contrary, we find that atpenin A5 antagonizes the stabilization of HIF-1α and reduces hypoxic gene expression in transformed cell lines. Accordingly, compound germline heterozygosity of mouse Sdhb/Sdhc/Sdhd null alleles blunts chronic hypoxia-induced increases in hemoglobin levels, an adaptive response mainly regulated by HIF-2α. In contrast, atpenin A5 or myxothiazol does not reduce hypoxia-induced gene expression or RNA editing in monocytes. These results reveal a novel role for mitochondrial respiratory inhibition in induction of the hypoxic transcriptome in monocytes and suggest that inhibition of complex II activates a distinct hypoxia signaling pathway in a cell-type specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianming Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Eduardo Cortes Gomez
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
218
|
Cleven AHG, Suijker J, Agrogiannis G, Briaire-de Bruijn IH, Frizzell N, Hoekstra AS, Wijers-Koster PM, Cleton-Jansen AM, Bovée JVMG. IDH1 or - 2 mutations do not predict outcome and do not cause loss of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine or altered histone modifications in central chondrosarcomas. Clin Sarcoma Res 2017; 7:8. [PMID: 28484589 PMCID: PMC5418698 DOI: 10.1186/s13569-017-0074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)1 or -2 are found in ~50% of conventional central chondrosarcomas and in up to 87% of their assumed benign precursors enchondromas. The mutant enzyme acquires the activity to convert α-ketoglutarate into the oncometabolite d-2-hydroxyglutarate (d-2-HG), which competitively inhibits α-ketoglutarate dependent enzymes such as histone- and DNA demethylases. METHODS We therefore evaluated the effect of IDH1 or -2 mutations on histone modifications (H3K4me3, H3K9me3 and H3K27me3), chromatin remodeler ATRX expression, DNA modifications (5-hmC and 5-mC), and TET1 subcellular localization in a genotyped cohort (IDH, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and fumarate hydratase (FH)) of enchondromas and central chondrosarcomas (n = 101) using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS IDH1 or -2 mutations were found in 60.8% of the central cartilaginous tumours, while mutations in FH and SDH were absent. The mutation status did not correlate with outcome. Chondrosarcomas are strongly positive for the histone modifications H3K4me3, H3K9me3 and H3K27me3, which was independent of the IDH1 or -2 mutation status. Two out of 36 chondrosarcomas (5.6%) show complete loss of ATRX. Levels of 5-hmC and 5-mC are highly variable in central cartilaginous tumours and are not associated with mutation status. In tumours with loss of 5-hmC, expression of TET1 was more prominent in the cytoplasm than the nucleus (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In summary, in central chondrosarcoma IDH1 or -2 mutations do not affect immunohistochemical levels of 5-hmC, 5mC, trimethylation of H3K4, -K9 and K27 and outcome, as compared to wildtype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arjen H G Cleven
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, L1-Q, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johnny Suijker
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, L1-Q, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Georgios Agrogiannis
- 1st Department of Pathology, Laikon General Hospital, Athens University School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Inge H Briaire-de Bruijn
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, L1-Q, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Norma Frizzell
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - Attje S Hoekstra
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pauline M Wijers-Koster
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, L1-Q, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie Cleton-Jansen
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, L1-Q, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Judith V M G Bovée
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, L1-Q, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
219
|
Lussey-Lepoutre C, Buffet A, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Favier J. Mitochondrial Deficiencies in the Predisposition to Paraganglioma. Metabolites 2017; 7:metabo7020017. [PMID: 28471419 PMCID: PMC5487988 DOI: 10.3390/metabo7020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas are rare neuroendocrine tumours with a very strong genetic component. It is estimated that around 40% of all cases are caused by a germline mutation in one of the 13 predisposing genes identified so far. Half of these inherited cases are intriguingly caused by mutations in genes encoding tricarboxylic acid enzymes, namely SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, and SDHAF2 genes, encoding succinate dehydrogenase and its assembly protein, FH encoding fumarate hydratase, and MDH2 encoding malate dehydrogenase. These mutations may also predispose to other type of cancers, such as renal cancer, leiomyomas, or gastro-intestinal stromal tumours. SDH, which is also the complex II of the oxidative respiratory chain, was the first mitochondrial enzyme to be identified having tumour suppressor functions, demonstrating that 80 years after his initial proposal, Otto Warburg may have actually been right when he hypothesized that low mitochondrial respiration was the origin of cancer. This review reports the current view on how such metabolic deficiencies may lead to cancer predisposition and shows that the recent data may lead to the development of innovative therapeutic strategies and establish precision medicine approaches for the management of patients affected by these rare diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Lussey-Lepoutre
- INSERM UMR970, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center at HEGP, F-75015 Paris, France.
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, F-75015 Paris, France.
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - Alexandre Buffet
- INSERM UMR970, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center at HEGP, F-75015 Paris, France.
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, F-75015 Paris, France.
- Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Descartes, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - Anne-Paule Gimenez-Roqueplo
- INSERM UMR970, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center at HEGP, F-75015 Paris, France.
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, F-75015 Paris, France.
- Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Descartes, F-75006 Paris, France.
- APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Génétique, F-75015 Paris, France.
| | - Judith Favier
- INSERM UMR970, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center at HEGP, F-75015 Paris, France.
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, F-75015 Paris, France.
- Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Descartes, F-75006 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
220
|
Casey RT, Ascher DB, Rattenberry E, Izatt L, Andrews KA, Simpson HL, Challis B, Park S, Bulusu VR, Lalloo F, Pires DEV, West H, Clark GR, Smith PS, Whitworth J, Papathomas TG, Taniere P, Savisaar R, Hurst LD, Woodward ER, Maher ER. SDHA related tumorigenesis: a new case series and literature review for variant interpretation and pathogenicity. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2017; 5:237-250. [PMID: 28546994 PMCID: PMC5441402 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the role of germline SDHA mutation analysis by (1) comprehensive literature review, (2) description of novel germline SDHA mutations and (3) in silico structural prediction analysis of missense substitutions in SDHA. PATIENTS AND METHODS A systematic literature review and a retrospective review of the molecular and clinical features of patients identified with putative germline variants in UK molecular genetic laboratories was performed. To evaluate the molecular consequences of SDHA missense variants, a novel model of the SDHA/B/C/D complex was generated and the structural effects of missense substitutions identified in the literature, our UK novel cohort and a further 32 "control missense variants" were predicted by the mCSM computational platform. These structural predictions were correlated with the results of tumor studies and other bioinformatic predictions. RESULTS Literature review revealed reports of 17 different germline SDHA variants in 47 affected individuals from 45 kindreds. A further 10 different variants in 15 previously unreported cases (seven novel variants in eight patients) were added from our UK series. In silico structural prediction studies of 11 candidate missense germline mutations suggested that most (63.7%) would destabilize the SDHA protomer, and that most (78.1%) rare SDHA missense variants present in a control data set (ESP6500) were also associated with impaired protein stability. CONCLUSION The clinical spectrum of SDHA-associated neoplasia differs from that of germline mutations in other SDH-subunits. The interpretation of the significance of novel SDHA missense substitutions is challenging. We recommend that multiple investigations (e.g. tumor studies, metabolomic profiling) should be performed to aid classification of rare missense variants before genetic testing results are used to influence clinical management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth T. Casey
- Department of Medical GeneticsUniversity of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research CentreCambridgeCB2 2QQUK
- Department of EndocrinologyUniversity of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research CentreAddenbrooke's HospitalCambridgeCB2 2QQUK
| | - David B. Ascher
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeSanger Building, 80 Tennis Court RoadCambridgeCB2 1GAUK
- Department of BiochemistryBio21 InstituteUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoria3010Australia
| | - Eleanor Rattenberry
- West Midlands Region Genetics ServiceBirmingham Women's HospitalBirminghamUK
| | - Louise Izatt
- Department of Medical GeneticsGuy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - Katrina A. Andrews
- Department of Medical GeneticsUniversity of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research CentreCambridgeCB2 2QQUK
| | - Helen L. Simpson
- Department of EndocrinologyUniversity of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research CentreAddenbrooke's HospitalCambridgeCB2 2QQUK
| | - Benjamen Challis
- Department of EndocrinologyUniversity of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research CentreAddenbrooke's HospitalCambridgeCB2 2QQUK
| | - Soo‐Mi Park
- Department of Medical GeneticsUniversity of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research CentreCambridgeCB2 2QQUK
| | | | - Fiona Lalloo
- Manchester Centre for Genomic MedicineSt Mary's HospitalCentral Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
| | - Douglas E. V. Pires
- Centro de Pesquisas René RachouFundação Oswaldo CruzBelo Horizonte30190‐002Brazil
| | - Hannah West
- Department of Medical GeneticsUniversity of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research CentreCambridgeCB2 2QQUK
| | - Graeme R. Clark
- Department of Medical GeneticsUniversity of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research CentreCambridgeCB2 2QQUK
| | - Philip S. Smith
- Department of Medical GeneticsUniversity of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research CentreCambridgeCB2 2QQUK
| | - James Whitworth
- Department of Medical GeneticsUniversity of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research CentreCambridgeCB2 2QQUK
| | | | - Phillipe Taniere
- Histopathology and Cellular PathologyUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustQueen Elizabeth HospitalBirminghamUK
| | - Rosina Savisaar
- The Milner Centre for EvolutionDepartment of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of BathBathBA2 7AYUK
| | - Laurence D. Hurst
- The Milner Centre for EvolutionDepartment of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of BathBathBA2 7AYUK
| | - Emma R. Woodward
- West Midlands Region Genetics ServiceBirmingham Women's HospitalBirminghamUK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic MedicineSt Mary's HospitalCentral Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
| | - Eamonn R. Maher
- Department of Medical GeneticsUniversity of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research CentreCambridgeCB2 2QQUK
| |
Collapse
|
221
|
Zhang J, Pavlova NN, Thompson CB. Cancer cell metabolism: the essential role of the nonessential amino acid, glutamine. EMBO J 2017; 36:1302-1315. [PMID: 28420743 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201696151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochemistry textbooks and cell culture experiments seem to be telling us two different things about the significance of external glutamine supply for mammalian cell growth and proliferation. Despite the fact that glutamine is a nonessential amino acid that can be synthesized by cells from glucose-derived carbons and amino acid-derived ammonia, most mammalian cells in tissue culture cannot proliferate or even survive in an environment that does not contain millimolar levels of glutamine. Not only are the levels of glutamine in standard tissue culture media at least ten-fold higher than other amino acids, but glutamine is also the most abundant amino acid in the human bloodstream, where it is assiduously maintained at approximately 0.5 mM through a combination of dietary uptake, de novo synthesis, and muscle protein catabolism. The complex metabolic logic of the proliferating cancer cells' appetite for glutamine-which goes far beyond satisfying their protein synthesis requirements-has only recently come into focus. In this review, we examine the diversity of biosynthetic and regulatory uses of glutamine and their role in proliferation, stress resistance, and cellular identity, as well as discuss the mechanisms that cells utilize in order to adapt to glutamine limitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Natalya N Pavlova
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Craig B Thompson
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
222
|
Eisenhofer G, Klink B, Richter S, Lenders JWM, Robledo M. Metabologenomics of Phaeochromocytoma and Paraganglioma: An Integrated Approach for Personalised Biochemical and Genetic Testing. Clin Biochem Rev 2017; 38:69-100. [PMID: 29332973 PMCID: PMC5759086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The tremendous advances over the past two decades in both clinical genetics and biochemical testing of chromaffin cell tumours have led to new considerations about how these aspects of laboratory medicine can be integrated to improve diagnosis and management of affected patients. With germline mutations in 15 genes now identified to be responsible for over a third of all cases of phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas, these tumours are recognised to have one of the richest hereditary backgrounds among all neoplasms. Depending on the mutation, tumours show distinct differences in metabolic pathways that relate to or even directly impact clinical presentation. At the same time, there has been improved understanding about how catecholamines are synthesised, stored, secreted and metabolised by chromaffin cell tumours. Although the tumours may not always secrete catecholamines it has become clear that almost all continuously produce and metabolise catecholamines. This has not only fuelled changes in laboratory medicine, but has also assisted in recognition of genotype-biochemical phenotype relationships important for diagnostics and clinical care. In particular, differences in catecholamine and energy pathway metabolomes can guide genetic testing, assist with test interpretation and provide predictions about the nature, behaviour and imaging characteristics of the tumours. Conversely, results of genetic testing are important for guiding how routine biochemical testing should be employed and interpreted in surveillance programmes for at-risk patients. In these ways there are emerging needs for modern laboratory medicine to seamlessly integrate biochemical and genetic testing into the diagnosis and management of patients with chromaffin cell tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Eisenhofer
- Department of Medicine III
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Barbara Klink
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susan Richter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Jacques WM Lenders
- Department of Medicine III
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
223
|
Del Forno B, Zingaro C, Di Palma E, Capestro F, Rescigno G, Torracca L. Cardiac Paraganglioma Arising From the Right Atrioventricular Groove in a Paraganglioma-Pheochromocytoma Family Syndrome With Evidence of SDHB Gene Mutation: An Unusual Presentation. Ann Thorac Surg 2017; 102:e215-e216. [PMID: 27549546 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Primary cardiac paragangliomas are extremely rare. Recently this neoplasm has been associated with a familiar syndrome as a result of mutation of genes that encode proteins in the mitochondrial complex II. We report a case of a 46-year-old woman having cases of vertebral paraganglioma in her family showing an unusual anatomic and clinical presentation of cardiac paraganglioma and expressing a genetic mutation never associated before with cardiac localization of this neoplasm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlo Zingaro
- Cardiac Surgery Division, Lancisi Cardiological Hospital, Ancona, Italy
| | - Enza Di Palma
- Cardiac Surgery Division, Lancisi Cardiological Hospital, Ancona, Italy
| | - Filippo Capestro
- Cardiac Surgery Division, Lancisi Cardiological Hospital, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rescigno
- Cardiac Surgery Division, Lancisi Cardiological Hospital, Ancona, Italy
| | - Lucia Torracca
- Cardiac Surgery Division, Lancisi Cardiological Hospital, Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
224
|
Backman S, Maharjan R, Falk-Delgado A, Crona J, Cupisti K, Stålberg P, Hellman P, Björklund P. Global DNA Methylation Analysis Identifies Two Discrete clusters of Pheochromocytoma with Distinct Genomic and Genetic Alterations. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44943. [PMID: 28327598 PMCID: PMC5361146 DOI: 10.1038/srep44943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are rare and frequently heritable neural-crest derived tumours arising from the adrenal medulla or extra-adrenal chromaffin cells respectively. The majority of PPGL tumours are benign and do not recur with distant metastases. However, a sizeable fraction of these tumours secrete vasoactive catecholamines into the circulation causing a variety of symptoms including hypertension, palpitations and diaphoresis. The genetic landscape of PPGL has been well characterized and more than a dozen genes have been described as recurrently mutated. Recent studies of DNA-methylation have revealed distinct clusters of PPGL that share DNA methylation patterns and driver mutations, as well as identified potential biomarkers for malignancy. However, these findings have not been adequately validated in independent cohorts. In this study we use an array-based genome-wide approach to study the methylome of 39 PPGL and 4 normal adrenal medullae. We identified two distinct clusters of tumours characterized by different methylation patterns and different driver mutations. Moreover, we identify genes that are differentially methylated between tumour subcategories, and between tumours and normal tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Backman
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rajani Maharjan
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Joakim Crona
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kenko Cupisti
- Department of Surgery, Marien-Hospital, Euskirchen, Germany
| | - Peter Stålberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Hellman
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peyman Björklund
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
225
|
Raffaghello L, Longo V. Metabolic Alterations at the Crossroad of Aging and Oncogenesis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 332:1-42. [PMID: 28526131 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aging represents the major risk factor for cancer. Cancer and aging are characterized by a similar dysregulated metabolism consisting in upregulation of glycolysis and downmodulation of oxidative phosphorylation. In this respect, metabolic interventions can be viewed as promising strategies to promote longevity and to prevent or delay age-related disorders including cancer. In this review, we discuss the most promising metabolic approaches including chronic calorie restriction, periodic fasting/fasting-mimicking diets, and pharmacological interventions mimicking calorie restriction. Metabolic interventions can also be viewed as adjuvant anticancer strategies to be combined to standard cancer therapy (chemotherapeutic agents, ionizing radiation, and drugs with specific molecular target), whose major limiting factors are represented by toxicity against healthy cells but also limited efficacy easily circumvented by tumor cells. In fact, conventional cancer therapy is unable to distinguish normal and cancerous cells and thus causes toxic side effects including secondary malignancies, cardiovascular and respiratory complications, endocrinopathies, and other chronic conditions, that resemble and, in some cases, accelerate the age-related disorders and profoundly affect the quality of life. In this scenario, geroscience contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms of protection of normal cells against a cytotoxic agent and finding strategies focused on the preserving healthy cells while enhancing the efficacy of the treatment against malignant cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Raffaghello
- Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - V Longo
- Longevity Institute, Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
226
|
Ellis CL, Harik LR, Cohen C, Osunkoya AO. Biomarker, Molecular, and Technologic Advances in Urologic Pathology, Oncology, and Imaging. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2017; 141:499-516. [PMID: 28157406 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2016-0263-sa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Urologic pathology is evolving rapidly. Emerging trends include the expanded diagnostic utility of biomarkers and molecular testing, as well as adapting to the plethora of technical advances occurring in genitourinary oncology, surgical practice, and imaging. We illustrate those trends by highlighting our approach to the diagnostic workup of a few selected disease entities that pathologists may encounter, including newly recognized subtypes of renal cell carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, and prostate cancer, some of which harbor a distinctive chromosomal translocation, gene loss, or mutation. We illustrate applications of immunohistochemistry for differential diagnosis of needle core renal biopsies, intraductal carcinoma of the prostate, and amyloidosis and cite encouraging results from early studies using targeted gene expression panels to predict recurrence after prostate cancer surgery. At our institution, pathologists are working closely with urologic surgeons and interventional radiologists to explore the use of intraoperative frozen sections for margins and nerve sparing during robotic prostatectomy, to pioneer minimally invasive videoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy, and to refine image-guided needle core biopsies and cryotherapy of prostate cancer as well as blue-light/fluorescence cystoscopy. This collaborative, multidisciplinary approach enhances clinical management and research, and optimizes the care of patients with urologic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adeboye O Osunkoya
- From the Departments of Pathology (Drs Ellis, Harik, Cohen, and Osunkoya), Urology (Dr Osunkoya), and the Winship Cancer Institute (Dr Osunkoya), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and the Department of Pathology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr Osunkoya)
| |
Collapse
|
227
|
Tufton N, Shapiro L, Srirangalingam U, Richards P, Sahdev A, Kumar AV, McAndrew L, Martin L, Berney D, Monson J, Chew SL, Waterhouse M, Druce M, Korbonits M, Metcalfe K, Drake WM, Storr HL, Akker SA. Outcomes of annual surveillance imaging in an adult and paediatric cohort of succinate dehydrogenase B mutation carriers. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2017; 86:286-296. [PMID: 27678251 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE For 'asymptomatic carriers' of the succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB) gene mutations, there is currently no consensus as to the appropriate modality or frequency of surveillance imaging. We present the results of a surveillance programme of SDHB mutation carriers. DESIGN Review of clinical outcomes of a surveillance regimen in patients identified to have an SDHB gene mutation, based on annual MRI, in a single UK tertiary referral centre. PATIENTS A total of 92 patients were identified with an SDHB gene mutation. a total of 27 index patients presented with symptoms, and 65 patients were identified as asymptomatic carriers. MEASUREMENTS Annual MRI of the abdomen, with alternate year MRI of the neck, thorax and pelvis. Presence of an SDHB-related tumour included paraganglioma (PGL), phaeochromocytoma (PCC), renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST). RESULTS A total of 43 PGLs, eight PCCs and one RCC occurred in the 27 index patients (23 solitary, four synchronous, five metachronous). A further 15 SDHB-related tumours (11 PGLs, three RCCs, one GIST) were identified in the asymptomatic carriers on surveillance screening (25% of screened carriers): 10 on the first surveillance imaging and five on subsequent imaging 2-6 years later. A total of 11 patients had malignant disease. CONCLUSIONS SDHB-related tumours are picked up as early as 2 years after initial negative surveillance scan. We believe the high malignancy rate and early identification rate of tumours justifies the use of 1-2 yearly imaging protocols and MRI-based imaging could form the mainstay of surveillance in this patient group thereby minimizing radiation exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Tufton
- Department of Endocrinology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Lucy Shapiro
- Centre for Endocrinology, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Umasuthan Srirangalingam
- Department of Endocrinology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Polly Richards
- Department of Radiology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Anju Sahdev
- Department of Radiology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Ajith V Kumar
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Lorraine McAndrew
- Department of Endocrinology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Lee Martin
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Daniel Berney
- Department of Pathology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - John Monson
- Department of Endocrinology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Shern L Chew
- Department of Endocrinology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Mona Waterhouse
- Department of Endocrinology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Maralyn Druce
- Department of Endocrinology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Márta Korbonits
- Department of Endocrinology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Karl Metcalfe
- Department of Endocrinology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - William M Drake
- Department of Endocrinology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Helen L Storr
- Centre for Endocrinology, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Scott A Akker
- Department of Endocrinology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
228
|
Interplay between epigenetics and metabolism in oncogenesis: mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Oncogene 2017; 36:3359-3374. [PMID: 28092669 PMCID: PMC5485177 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic and metabolic alterations in cancer cells are highly intertwined. Oncogene-driven metabolic rewiring modifies the epigenetic landscape via modulating the activities of DNA and histone modification enzymes at the metabolite level. Conversely, epigenetic mechanisms regulate the expression of metabolic genes, thereby altering the metabolome. Epigenetic-metabolomic interplay has a critical role in tumourigenesis by coordinately sustaining cell proliferation, metastasis and pluripotency. Understanding the link between epigenetics and metabolism could unravel novel molecular targets, whose intervention may lead to improvements in cancer treatment. In this review, we summarized the recent discoveries linking epigenetics and metabolism and their underlying roles in tumorigenesis; and highlighted the promising molecular targets, with an update on the development of small molecule or biologic inhibitors against these abnormalities in cancer.
Collapse
|
229
|
Srinivasan S, Guha M, Kashina A, Avadhani NG. Mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial dynamics-The cancer connection. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:602-614. [PMID: 28104365 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of many diseases. The retrograde signaling initiated by dysfunctional mitochondria can bring about global changes in gene expression that alters cell morphology and function. Typically, this is attributed to disruption of important mitochondrial functions, such as ATP production, integration of metabolism, calcium homeostasis and regulation of apoptosis. Recent studies showed that in addition to these factors, mitochondrial dynamics might play an important role in stress signaling. Normal mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles whose size, shape and network are controlled by cell physiology. Defective mitochondrial dynamics play important roles in human diseases. Mitochondrial DNA defects and defective mitochondrial function have been reported in many cancers. Recent studies show that increased mitochondrial fission is a pro-tumorigenic phenotype. In this paper, we have explored the current understanding of the role of mitochondrial dynamics in pathologies. We present new data on mitochondrial dynamics and dysfunction to illustrate a causal link between mitochondrial DNA defects, excessive fission, mitochondrial retrograde signaling and cancer progression. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Mitochondria in Cancer, edited by Giuseppe Gasparre, Rodrigue Rossignol and Pierre Sonveaux.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satish Srinivasan
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, #189E, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Manti Guha
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, #189E, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Anna Kashina
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, #189E, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Narayan G Avadhani
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, #189E, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
230
|
Michałowska I, Ćwikła JB, Michalski W, Wyrwicz LS, Prejbisz A, Szperl M, Nieć D, Neumann HPH, Januszewicz A, Pęczkowska M. GROWTH RATE OF PARAGANGLIOMAS RELATED TO GERMLINE MUTATIONS OF THE SDHX GENES. Endocr Pract 2016; 23:342-352. [PMID: 27967220 DOI: 10.4158/ep161377.or] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose was to determine the growth rate of succinate dehydrogenase subunit (SDHx) gene-related paragangliomas based on computed tomography (CT) measurements. METHODS Twenty-seven patients with SDHx mutations who underwent subsequent CT examinations were enrolled in the study. Tumors were classified as head and neck (HNP), thoracic, or abdominal/pelvic paragangliomas (PGLs). The percentage volume increase and volume doubling time were estimated. RESULTS We analyzed 56 PGLs (21 with SDHD, 6 with SDHB mutations) in 27 patients (16 men, 11 women; mean age 37.7 years). The estimated median of the follow-up was 23 months. Twenty-two (39.3%) PGLs were located in the abdomen, 8 (14.3%) in the thorax, and 26 (46.4%) in the head and neck region. The median volume growth rate was estimated at 10.4% per year (interquartile range [IQR]: -1.3; 36.3). The volume doubling time was estimated as 7.01 (2.24;+∞) years. By tumor site, the estimated medians of the annual volume growth rates were 13.6% (IQR:0.8 -30.4) for HNP, -6.06% (IQR: -1.79;47.32) for thoracic PGLs, and 10.5% (IQR: -2.2;44.6) for abdominal PGLs. The volume doubling time was 5.44 years (2.61; 87.0) for HNP, 11.8 years (1.79;+∞) for thoracic PGLs, and 6.94 years (1,88;+∞) for abdominal PGLs. There was no significant difference in the volume growth rate according to tumor location or initial size (P>.7 and P = .07, respectively) or gene mutation type (SDHB vs. SDHD, P>.8). CONCLUSION PGLs related to SDHx mutations are slowly growing tumors. There were no correlations between tumor location, growth rate or initial size over a 23-month follow-up period. ABBREVIATIONS CT = computed tomography HNP = head and neck paraganglioma IQR = interquartile range PGL = paraganglioma PPGL = pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma SDH = succinate dehydrogenase.
Collapse
|
231
|
Metabolic synthetic lethality in cancer therapy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1858:723-731. [PMID: 27956047 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of cancer has recently seen a major paradigm shift resulting in it being viewed as a metabolic disorder, and altered cellular metabolism being recognised as a hallmark of cancer. This concept was spurred by the findings that the oncogenic mutations driving tumorigenesis induce a reprogramming of cancer cell metabolism that is required for unrestrained growth and proliferation. The recent discovery that mutations in key mitochondrial enzymes play a causal role in tumorigenesis suggested that dysregulation of metabolism could also be a driver of tumorigenesis. These mutations induce profound adaptive metabolic alterations that are a prerequisite for the survival of the mutated cells. Because these metabolic events are specific to cancer cells, they offer an opportunity to develop new therapies that specifically target tumour cells without affecting healthy tissue. Here, we will describe recent developments in metabolism-based cancer therapy, in particular focusing on the concept of metabolic synthetic lethality. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Mitochondria in Cancer, edited by Giuseppe Gasparre, Rodrigue Rossignol and Pierre Sonveaux.
Collapse
|
232
|
Björklund P, Pacak K, Crona J. Precision medicine in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: current and future concepts. J Intern Med 2016; 280:559-573. [PMID: 27165774 PMCID: PMC7441825 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) are rare diseases but are also amongst the most characterized tumour types. Hence, patients with PPGL have greatly benefited from precision medicine for more than two decades. According to current molecular biology and genetics-based taxonomy, PPGL can be divided into three different clusters characterized by: Krebs cycle reprogramming with oncometabolite accumulation or depletion (group 1a); activation of the (pseudo)hypoxia signalling pathway with increased tumour cell proliferation, invasiveness and migration (group 1b); and aberrant kinase signalling causing a pro-mitogenic and anti-apoptotic state (group 2). Categorization into these clusters is highly dependent on mutation subtypes. At least 12 different syndromes with distinct genetic causes, phenotypes and outcomes have been described. Genetic screening tests have a documented benefit, as different PPGL syndromes require specific approaches for optimal diagnosis and localization of various syndrome-related tumours. Genotype-tailored treatment options, follow-up and preventive care are being investigated. Future new developments in precision medicine for PPGL will mainly focus on further identification of driver mechanisms behind both disease initiation and malignant progression. Identification of novel druggable targets and prospective validation of treatment options are eagerly awaited. To achieve these goals, we predict that collaborative large-scale studies will be needed: Pheochromocytoma may provide an example for developing precision medicine in orphan diseases that could ultimately aid in similar efforts for other rare conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Björklund
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K Pacak
- Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology, Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J Crona
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
233
|
Sullivan LB, Gui DY, Vander Heiden MG. Altered metabolite levels in cancer: implications for tumour biology and cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2016; 16:680-693. [PMID: 27658530 DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2016.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Altered cell metabolism is a characteristic feature of many cancers. Aside from well-described changes in nutrient consumption and waste excretion, altered cancer cell metabolism also results in changes to intracellular metabolite concentrations. Increased levels of metabolites that result directly from genetic mutations and cancer-associated modifications in protein expression can promote cancer initiation and progression. Changes in the levels of specific metabolites, such as 2-hydroxyglutarate, fumarate, succinate, aspartate and reactive oxygen species, can result in altered cell signalling, enzyme activity and/or metabolic flux. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms that lead to changes in metabolite concentrations in cancer cells, the consequences of these changes for the cells and how they might be exploited to improve cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas B Sullivan
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Dan Y Gui
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
234
|
Sciacovelli M, Frezza C. Oncometabolites: Unconventional triggers of oncogenic signalling cascades. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 100:175-181. [PMID: 27117029 PMCID: PMC5145802 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease thought to be caused by multiple genetic lesions. The recent finding that enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle are mutated in cancer rekindled the hypothesis that altered metabolism might also have a role in cellular transformation. Attempts to link mitochondrial dysfunction to cancer uncovered the unexpected role of small molecule metabolites, now known as oncometabolites, in tumorigenesis. In this review, we describe how oncometabolites can contribute to tumorigenesis. We propose that lesions of oncogenes and tumour suppressors are only one of the possible routes to tumorigenesis, which include accumulation of oncometabolites triggered by environmental cues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sciacovelli
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Frezza
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
235
|
Eisenhofer G, Peitzsch M, McWhinney BC. Impact of LC-MS/MS on the laboratory diagnosis of catecholamine-producing tumors. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
236
|
Hoekstra AS, de Graaff MA, Briaire-de Bruijn IH, Ras C, Seifar RM, van Minderhout I, Cornelisse CJ, Hogendoorn PCW, Breuning MH, Suijker J, Korpershoek E, Kunst HPM, Frizzell N, Devilee P, Bayley JP, Bovée JVMG. Inactivation of SDH and FH cause loss of 5hmC and increased H3K9me3 in paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma and smooth muscle tumors. Oncotarget 2016; 6:38777-88. [PMID: 26472283 PMCID: PMC4770736 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and fumarate hydratase (FH) are tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes and tumor suppressors. Loss-of-function mutations give rise to hereditary paragangliomas/pheochromocytomas and hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma. Inactivation of SDH and FH results in an abnormal accumulation of their substrates succinate and fumarate, leading to inhibition of numerous α-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenases, including histone demethylases and the ten-eleven-translocation (TET) family of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) hydroxylases. To evaluate the distribution of DNA and histone methylation, we used immunohistochemistry to analyze the expression of 5mC, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), TET1, H3K4me3, H3K9me3, and H3K27me3 on tissue microarrays containing paragangliomas/pheochromocytomas (n = 134) and hereditary and sporadic smooth muscle tumors (n = 56) in comparison to their normal counterparts. Our results demonstrate distinct loss of 5hmC in tumor cells in SDH- and FH-deficient tumors. Loss of 5hmC in SDH-deficient tumors was associated with nuclear exclusion of TET1, a known regulator of 5hmC levels. Moreover, increased methylation of H3K9me3 occurred predominantly in the chief cell component of SDH mutant tumors, while no changes were seen in H3K4me3 and H3K27me3, data supported by in vitro knockdown of SDH genes. We also show for the first time that FH-deficient smooth muscle tumors exhibit increased H3K9me3 methylation compared to wildtype tumors. Our findings reveal broadly similar patterns of epigenetic deregulation in both FH- and SDH-deficient tumors, suggesting that defects in genes of the TCA cycle result in common mechanisms of inhibition of histone and DNA demethylases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Attje S Hoekstra
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke A de Graaff
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cor Ras
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Reza Maleki Seifar
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ivonne van Minderhout
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cees J Cornelisse
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Martijn H Breuning
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johnny Suijker
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Korpershoek
- Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henricus P M Kunst
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Norma Frizzell
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Pierre Bayley
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Judith V M G Bovée
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
237
|
Pandit R, Khadilkar K, Sarathi V, Kasaliwal R, Goroshi M, Khare S, Nair S, Raghavan V, Dalvi A, Hira P, Fernandes G, Sathe P, Rojekar A, Malhotra G, Bakshi G, Prakash G, Bhansali A, Walia R, Kamalanathan S, Sahoo J, Desai A, Bhagwat N, Mappa P, Rajput R, Chandrashekhar SR, Shivane V, Menon P, Lila A, Bandgar T, Shah N. Germline mutations and genotype-phenotype correlation in Asian Indian patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Eur J Endocrinol 2016; 175:311-23. [PMID: 27539324 DOI: 10.1530/eje-16-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic aetiology of pheochromocytoma (PCC) and paraganglioma (PGL) is increasingly being studied; however, Asian Indian data on this aspect are scarce. OBJECTIVE To study the prevalence of germline mutations and genotype-phenotype correlation in Asian Indian PCC/PGL patients. DESIGN In this study, 150 index patients (M:F, 73:77) with PCC/PGL were evaluated. Phenotypic data were collected. Germline mutations in five susceptibility genes (RET, VHL, SDHB, SDHD and SDHC) were tested by sequencing and NF1 was diagnosed according to phenotype. RESULT Of the total population, 49 (32.7%) PCC/PGL patients had germline mutations (VHL: 23 (15.3%), RET: 13 (8.7%), SDHB: 9 (6%), SDHD: 2 (1.3%) and NF1: 2 (1.3%)). Amongst the 30 patients with familial and/or syndromic presentation, all had germline mutations (VHL: 14 (46.7%), RET: 13 (43.3%), SDHB: 1 (3.3%) and NF1: 2 (6.7%)). Out of 120 patients with apparently sporadic presentation, 19 (15.8%) had a germline mutation (VHL: 9 (7.5%), SDHB: 8 (6.7%) and SDHD: 2 (1.7%)). Mutation carriers were younger (29.9 ± 14.5 years vs 36.8 ± 14.9; P = 0.01) and had a higher prevalence of bilateral PCC (26.5% vs 2.9%, P < 0.001) and multifocal tumours (12.2% vs 0.96%, P = 0.06). Based on syndromic features, metastasis, location and number of tumours, around 96% mutations in our cohort could be detected by appropriately selected single gene testing. CONCLUSION Asian Indians with PCC/PGL differ from Western cohorts in having preponderance of VHL mutations in multifocal tumours and apparently sporadic unilateral PCC. Syndromic presentation, metastasis, location and number of PCC/PGL can be effectively used for guiding genetic prioritisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Pandit
- Department of EndocrinologySeth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kranti Khadilkar
- Department of EndocrinologySeth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vijaya Sarathi
- Department of EndocrinologyVydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajeev Kasaliwal
- Department of EndocrinologyMahatma Gandhi Hospital and Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Manjunath Goroshi
- Department of EndocrinologySeth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shruti Khare
- Department of EndocrinologySeth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sandhya Nair
- Department of EndocrinologySeth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vijaya Raghavan
- Department of EndocrinologySeth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | - Gwendolyn Fernandes
- PathologySeth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pragati Sathe
- PathologySeth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amey Rojekar
- PathologySeth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gaurav Malhotra
- Radiation Medicine CentreBhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ganesh Bakshi
- Department of Uro-oncologyTata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gagan Prakash
- Department of Uro-oncologyTata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anil Bhansali
- Department of EndocrinologyPostgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Rama Walia
- Department of EndocrinologyPostgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sadishkumar Kamalanathan
- Department of EndocrinologyJawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India
| | - Jayaprakash Sahoo
- Department of EndocrinologyJawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India
| | - Ankush Desai
- Endocrine UnitDepartment of Medicine, Goa Medical College, Bambolim, Goa, India
| | - Nikhil Bhagwat
- Department of EndocrinologyTopiwala National Medical College & BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prashanth Mappa
- Department of MedicineKannur Medical College and Hospital, Kannur, Kerala, India
| | - Rajesh Rajput
- Department of EndocrinologyPt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Sudha Rao Chandrashekhar
- Division of Pediatric EndocrinologyBai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vyankatesh Shivane
- Department of EndocrinologySeth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Padma Menon
- Department of EndocrinologySeth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anurag Lila
- Department of EndocrinologySeth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tushar Bandgar
- Department of EndocrinologySeth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nalini Shah
- Department of EndocrinologySeth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
238
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current treatment strategies for head and neck paragangliomas are moving away from radical resection and toward surgical tumor reduction, in order to preserve function and reduce morbidity. Radiotherapy modalities are alternative primary treatment options. MATERIALS AND METHODS A PubMed search of the relevant literature on genetics and treatment of head and neck paragangliomas was conducted. RESULTS The rapid progress made in genetic research was mainly triggered by two factors: firstly, the establishment of central registries for paraganglioma patients and secondly, the availability of next-generation sequencing methods. Exome sequencing and a gene-panel sequencing approach have already been successfully applied to paraganglioma syndromes. The latter method in particular is rapid and cost-effective, and may soon replace complex genotyping algorithms. The literature provides good evidence that diversified modern treatment options are available to realize individual treatment concepts for almost all paraganglioma manifestations. Generally, small and symptomatic tumors should be completely resected, particularly in younger patients. Considering the patient's age, symptoms, morbidity risk, and comorbidities, larger tumors should be surgically treated in a function-preserving manner. In these cases, primary radiotherapy is an equivalent alternative option. A "wait and scan" strategy is possible in selected cases. DISCUSSION The potential morbidity of surgical treatment must be weighed against the expectable quality of life. Comprehensive consultation with the patient about possible treatment modalities is mandatory. Treatment decision making should involve a multidisciplinary team of experts.
Collapse
|
239
|
Xu Z, Gong J, Wang C, Wang Y, Song Y, Xu W, Liu Z, Liu Y. The diagnostic value and functional roles of phosphoglycerate mutase 1 in glioma. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2236-44. [PMID: 27572934 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies indicated that phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) is involved in many cancer types and promotes breast cancer progression. However, the role of PGAM1 in glioma remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the association of PGAM1 expression with glioma grade and the role of PGAM1 in proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of glioma cells. The mRNA and protein expression of PGAM1 was analysed in glioma tissues and normal brain tissues. The expression of PGAM1 was examined further by immunohistochemical analysis. In addition, we inhibited the expression of PGAM1 in glioma cell line by siRNA to evaluate its role in glioma proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. The mRNA and protein expression of PGAM1 was significantly greater in glioma than normal brain tissues. PGAM1 expression was associated with the WHO grade of glioma. siRNA knockdown of PGAM1 significantly inhibited glioma cell proliferation, promoted glioma cell apoptosis, induced S phase cell cycle arrest and inhibited glioma cell migration and invasion in vitro. PGAM1 may be associated with the grade of glioma and be involved in the biological behavior of glioma cells. PGAM1 might be a novel therapeutic target in glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkuan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Brain Science Research Institute of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jie Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Brain Science Research Institute of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Chuanwei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Brain Science Research Institute of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yunyan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Brain Science Research Institute of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Brain Science Research Institute of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Wenzhe Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Brain Science Research Institute of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Shandong Provincial Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yuguang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Brain Science Research Institute of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
240
|
Hoekstra AS, van den Ende B, Julià XP, van Breemen L, Scheurwater K, Tops CM, Malinoc A, Devilee P, Neumann HPH, Bayley JP. Simple and rapid characterization of novel large germline deletions in SDHB, SDHC and SDHD-related paraganglioma. Clin Genet 2016; 91:536-544. [PMID: 27485256 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Germline mutations in genes encoding subunits of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) are associated with hereditary paraganglioma and pheochromocytoma. Although most mutations in SDHB, SDHC and SDHD are intraexonic variants, large germline deletions may represent up to 10% of all variants but are rarely characterized at the DNA sequence level. Additional phenotypic effects resulting from deletions that affect neighboring genes are also not understood. We performed multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, followed by a simple long-range PCR 'chromosome walking' protocol to characterize breakpoints in 20 SDHx-linked paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma patients. Breakpoints were confirmed by conventional PCR and Sanger sequencing. Heterozygous germline deletions of up to 104 kb in size were identified in SDHB, SDHC, SDHD and flanking genes in 20 paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma patients. The exact breakpoint could be determined in 16 paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma patients of which 15 were novel deletions. In six patients proximal genes were also deleted, including PADI2, MFAP2, ATP13A2 (PARK9), CFAP126, TIMM8B and C11orf57. These genes were either partially or completely deleted, but did not modify the phenotype. This study increases the number of known SDHx deletions by over 50% and demonstrates that a significant proportion of large gene deletions can be resolved at the nucleotide level using a simple and rapid method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A S Hoekstra
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - B van den Ende
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - X P Julià
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - L van Breemen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - K Scheurwater
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C M Tops
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A Malinoc
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - P Devilee
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - H P H Neumann
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - J-P Bayley
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
241
|
Kruspig B, Valter K, Skender B, Zhivotovsky B, Gogvadze V. Targeting succinate:ubiquinone reductase potentiates the efficacy of anticancer therapy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:2065-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
242
|
Scholz SL, Horn S, Murali R, Möller I, Sucker A, Sondermann W, Stiller M, Schilling B, Livingstone E, Zimmer L, Reis H, Metz CH, Zeschnigk M, Paschen A, Steuhl KP, Schadendorf D, Westekemper H, Griewank KG. Analysis of SDHD promoter mutations in various types of melanoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:25868-82. [PMID: 26327518 PMCID: PMC4694872 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Recently, recurrent mutations in regulatory DNA regions, such as promoter mutations in the TERT gene were identified in melanoma. Subsequently, Weinhold et al. reported SDHD promoter mutations occurring in 10% of melanomas and being associated with a lower overall survival rate. Our study analyzes the mutation rate and clinico-pathologic associations of SDHD promoter mutations in a large cohort of different melanoma subtypes. Methods 451 melanoma samples (incl. 223 non-acral cutaneous, 38 acral, 33 mucosal, 43 occult, 43 conjunctival and 51 uveal melanoma) were analyzed for the presence of SDHD promoter mutations by Sanger-sequencing. Statistical analysis was performed to screen for potential correlations of SDHD promoter mutation status with various clinico-pathologic criteria. Results The SDHD promoter was successfully sequenced in 451 tumor samples. ETS binding site changing SDHD promoter mutations were identified in 16 (4%) samples, of which 5 mutations had not been described previously. Additionally, 5 point mutations not located in ETS binding elements were identified. Mutations in UV-exposed tumors were frequently C>T. One germline C>A SDHD promoter mutation was identified. No statistically significant associations between SDHD promoter mutation status and various clinico-pathologic variables or overall patient survival were observed. Conclusions Melanomas harbor recurrent SDHD promoter mutations, which occur primarily as C>T alterations in UV-exposed melanomas. In contrast to the initial report and promoter mutations in the TERT gene, our analysis suggests that SDHD promoter mutations are a relatively rare event in melanoma (4% of tumors) of unclear clinical and prognostic relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone L Scholz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, West German Cancer Center and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen Germany
| | - Susanne Horn
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, West German Cancer Center and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen Germany
| | - Rajmohan Murali
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York NY, USA.,Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York NY, USA
| | - Inga Möller
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, West German Cancer Center and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen Germany
| | - Antje Sucker
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, West German Cancer Center and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen Germany
| | - Wiebke Sondermann
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, West German Cancer Center and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen Germany
| | - Mathias Stiller
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, West German Cancer Center and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen Germany.,University Duisburg-Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen Germany
| | - Bastian Schilling
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, West German Cancer Center and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen Germany
| | - Elisabeth Livingstone
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, West German Cancer Center and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen Germany
| | - Lisa Zimmer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, West German Cancer Center and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen Germany
| | - Henning Reis
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, West German Cancer Center and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen Germany
| | - Claudia H Metz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, West German Cancer Center and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen Germany
| | - Michael Zeschnigk
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, West German Cancer Center and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen Germany
| | - Annette Paschen
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, West German Cancer Center and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Steuhl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, West German Cancer Center and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen Germany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, West German Cancer Center and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen Germany
| | - Henrike Westekemper
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, West German Cancer Center and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen Germany
| | - Klaus G Griewank
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, West German Cancer Center and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
243
|
Abstract
About 30% of phaeochromocytomas or paragangliomas are genetic. Whilst some individuals will have clinical features or a family history of inherited cancer syndrome such as neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) or multiple endocrine neoplasia 2 (MEN2), the majority will present as an isolated case. To date, 14 genes have been described in which pathogenic mutations have been demonstrated to cause paraganglioma or phaeochromocytoma . Many cases with a pathogenic mutation may be at risk of developing further tumours. Therefore, identification of genetic cases is important in the long-term management of these individuals, ensuring that they are entered into a surveillance programme. Mutation testing also facilitates cascade testing within the family, allowing identification of other at-risk individuals. Many algorithms have been described to facilitate cost-effective genetic testing sequentially of these genes, with phenotypically driven pathways. New genetic technologies including next-generation sequencing and whole-exome sequencing will allow much quicker, cheaper and extensive testing of individuals in whom a genetic aetiology is suspected.
Collapse
|
244
|
Ibrahim R, Ammori MB, Yianni J, Grainger A, Rowe J, Radatz M. Gamma Knife radiosurgery for glomus jugulare tumors: a single-center series of 75 cases. J Neurosurg 2016; 126:1488-1497. [PMID: 27392265 DOI: 10.3171/2016.4.jns152667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glomus jugulare tumors are rare indolent tumors that frequently involve the lower cranial nerves (CNs). Complete resection can be difficult and associated with lower CN injury. Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) has established its role as a noninvasive alternative treatment option for these often formidable lesions. The authors aimed to review their experience at the National Centre for Stereotactic Radiosurgery, Sheffield, United Kingdom, specifically the long-term tumor control rate and complications of GKRS for these lesions. METHODS Clinical and radiological data were retrospectively reviewed for patients treated between March 1994 and December 2010. Data were available for 75 patients harboring 76 tumors. The tumors in 3 patients were treated in 2 stages. Familial and/or hereditary history was noted in 12 patients, 2 of whom had catecholamine-secreting and/or active tumors. Gamma Knife radiosurgery was the primary treatment modality in 47 patients (63%). The median age at the time of treatment was 55 years. The median tumor volume was 7 cm3, and the median radiosurgical dose to the tumor margin was 18 Gy (range 12-25 Gy). The median duration of radiological follow-up was 51.5 months (range 12-230 months), and the median clinical follow-up was 38.5 months (range 6-223 months). RESULTS The overall tumor control rate was 93.4% with low CN morbidity. Improvement of preexisting deficits was noted in 15 patients (20%). A stationary clinical course and no progression of symptoms were noted in 48 patients (64%). Twelve patients (16%) had new symptoms or progression of their preexisting symptoms. The Kaplan-Meier actuarial tumor control rate was 92.2% at 5 years and 86.3% at 10 years. CONCLUSIONS Gamma Knife radiosurgery offers a risk-versus-benefit treatment option with very low CN morbidity and stable long-term results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramez Ibrahim
- National Centre for Stereotactic Radiosurgery, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield; and
| | | | - John Yianni
- National Centre for Stereotactic Radiosurgery, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield; and
| | - Alison Grainger
- National Centre for Stereotactic Radiosurgery, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield; and
| | - Jeremy Rowe
- National Centre for Stereotactic Radiosurgery, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield; and
| | - Matthias Radatz
- National Centre for Stereotactic Radiosurgery, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield; and
| |
Collapse
|
245
|
Hoekstra AS, Addie RD, Ras C, Seifar RM, Ruivenkamp CA, Briaire-de Bruijn IH, Hes FJ, Jansen JC, Corssmit EPM, Corver WE, Morreau H, Bovée JVMG, Bayley JP, Devilee P. Parent-of-origin tumourigenesis is mediated by an essential imprinted modifier in SDHD-linked paragangliomas: SLC22A18 and CDKN1C are candidate tumour modifiers. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:3715-3728. [PMID: 27402879 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in SDHD and SDHAF2 (both located on chromosome 11) give rise to hereditary paraganglioma almost exclusively after paternal transmission of the mutation, and tumours often show loss of the entire maternal copy of chromosome 11. The 'Hensen' model postulates that a tumour modifier gene located on chromosome 11p15, a region known to harbour a cluster of imprinted genes, is essential to tumour formation. We observed decreased protein expression of the 11p15 candidate genes CDKN1C, SLC22A18 and ZNF215 evaluated in 60 SDHD-mutated tumours compared to normal carotid body tissue and non-SDH mutant tumours.We then created stable knockdown in vitro models, reasoning that the simultaneous knockdown of SDHD and a maternally expressed 11p15 modifier gene would enhance paraganglioma-related cellular characteristics compared to SDHD knockdown alone. Knockdown of SDHD in SNB19 and SHSY5Y cells resulted in the accumulation of succinate, the stabilization of HIF1 protein and a reduction in cell proliferation.Compared to single knockdown of SDHD, knockdown of SDHD together with SLC22A18 or with CDKN1C led to small but significant increases in cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis, and to a gene expression profile closely related to the known transcriptional profile of SDH-deficient tumours. Of the 60 SDHD tumours investigated, four tumours showing retention of chromosome 11 showed SLC22A18 and CDKN1C expression levels comparable to levels in tumours showing loss of chromosome 11, suggesting loss of protein expression despite chromosomal retention.Our data strongly suggest that SLC22A18 and/or CDKN1C are tumour modifier genes involved in the tumourigenesis of SDHD-linked paraganglioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruben D Addie
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics
- Department of Pathology
| | - Cor Ras
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Reza M Seifar
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Eleonora P M Corssmit
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
246
|
Accordi ED, Xekouki P, Azevedo B, de Alexandre RB, Frasson C, Gantzel SM, Papadakis GZ, Angelousi A, Stratakis CA, Sotomaior VS, Faucz FR. Familiar Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in a Large Brazilian Family Is Not Associated with Succinate Dehydrogenase Defects. Eur Thyroid J 2016; 5:94-9. [PMID: 27493882 PMCID: PMC4949364 DOI: 10.1159/000444522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine gland malignancy. Advances in understanding the genetic basis for thyroid cancer revealed the potential involvement of several genes in the formation of thyroid tumors. Mutations in the gene coding for succinate dehydrogenase subtype B (SDHB) have been implicated in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is a heterotetrameric protein composed of four subunits, SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD, and participates in both the electron transport chain and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between variants in the SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD genes and familiar PTC in a large Brazilian family. METHOD Four patients with PTC, 1 patient with PTC and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), 1 patient with GIST, and their relatives - several of them with different thyroid problems - from a large Brazilian family were screened for genetic variations of SDHx genes with the use of polymerase chain reaction-single-stranded conformational polymorphism and direct sequencing. RESULTS Only one rare variation in SDHA was found in some of the family members, but not segregating with the disease. No other genetic variants of these genes were detected in the family members that presented with PTC and/or GIST. CONCLUSION Familiar PTC and a GIST were not associated with SDHx mutations; additional genetic defects, yet unknown, may be responsible for the development of tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elen Dias Accordi
- Group for Advanced Molecular Investigation (NIMA), Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), School of Medicine (EM), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Paraskevi Xekouki
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics (PDEGEN) and Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Md., USA
| | - Bruna Azevedo
- Group for Advanced Molecular Investigation (NIMA), Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), School of Medicine (EM), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Bertollo de Alexandre
- Group for Advanced Molecular Investigation (NIMA), Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), School of Medicine (EM), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Carla Frasson
- Group for Advanced Molecular Investigation (NIMA), Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), School of Medicine (EM), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil
- Álvaro Center for Analysis and Clinical Research - Diagnósticos da América (DASA), Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Siliane Marie Gantzel
- Group for Advanced Molecular Investigation (NIMA), Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), School of Medicine (EM), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Georgios Z. Papadakis
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Md., USA
| | - Anna Angelousi
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics (PDEGEN) and Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Md., USA
| | - Constantine A. Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics (PDEGEN) and Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Md., USA
| | - Vanessa Santos Sotomaior
- Group for Advanced Molecular Investigation (NIMA), Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), School of Medicine (EM), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Fabio R. Faucz
- Group for Advanced Molecular Investigation (NIMA), Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), School of Medicine (EM), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics (PDEGEN) and Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Md., USA
- *Fabio R. Faucz, PhD, Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, CRC, Room 1-3216, MSC1103, Bethesda, MD 20892 (USA), E-Mail
| |
Collapse
|
247
|
Jiang X, Li L, Ying Z, Pan C, Huang S, Li L, Dai M, Yan B, Li M, Jiang H, Chen S, Zhang Z, Wang X. A Small Molecule That Protects the Integrity of the Electron Transfer Chain Blocks the Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway. Mol Cell 2016; 63:229-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
248
|
Alpha-Ketoglutarate as a Molecule with Pleiotropic Activity: Well-Known and Novel Possibilities of Therapeutic Use. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2016; 65:21-36. [PMID: 27326424 PMCID: PMC5274648 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-016-0406-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG), an endogenous intermediary metabolite in the Krebs cycle, is a molecule involved in multiple metabolic and cellular pathways. It functions as an energy donor, a precursor in the amino acid biosynthesis, a signalling molecule, as well as a regulator of epigenetic processes and cellular signalling via protein binding. AKG is an obligatory co-substrate for 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, which catalyse hydroxylation reactions on various types of substrates. It regulates the activity of prolyl-4 hydroxylase, which controls the biosynthesis of collagen, a component of bone tissue. AKG also affects the functioning of prolyl hydroxylases, which, in turn, influences the function of the hypoxia-inducible factor, an important transcription factor in cancer development and progression. Additionally, it affects the functioning of enzymes that influence epigenetic modifications of chromatin: ten-eleven translocation hydroxylases involved in DNA demethylation and the Jumonji C domain containing lysine demethylases, which are the major histone demethylases. Thus, it regulates gene expression. The metabolic and extrametabolic function of AKG in cells and the organism open many different fields for therapeutic interventions for treatment of diseases. This review presents the results of studies conducted with the use of AKG in states of protein deficiency and oxidative stress conditions. It also discusses current knowledge about AKG as an immunomodulatory agent and a bone anabolic factor. Additionally, the regulatory role of AKG and its structural analogues in carcinogenesis as well as the results of studies of AKG as an anticancer agent are discussed.
Collapse
|
249
|
Pikman Y, Puissant A, Alexe G, Furman A, Chen LM, Frumm SM, Ross L, Fenouille N, Bassil CF, Lewis CA, Ramos A, Gould J, Stone RM, DeAngelo DJ, Galinsky I, Clish CB, Kung AL, Hemann MT, Vander Heiden MG, Banerji V, Stegmaier K. Targeting MTHFD2 in acute myeloid leukemia. J Exp Med 2016; 213:1285-306. [PMID: 27325891 PMCID: PMC4925018 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20151574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs targeting metabolism have formed the backbone of therapy for some cancers. We sought to identify new such targets in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The one-carbon folate pathway, specifically methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase-cyclohydrolase 2 (MTHFD2), emerged as a top candidate in our analyses. MTHFD2 is the most differentially expressed metabolic enzyme in cancer versus normal cells. Knockdown of MTHFD2 in AML cells decreased growth, induced differentiation, and impaired colony formation in primary AML blasts. In human xenograft and MLL-AF9 mouse leukemia models, MTHFD2 suppression decreased leukemia burden and prolonged survival. Based upon primary patient AML data and functional genomic screening, we determined that FLT3-ITD is a biomarker of response to MTHFD2 suppression. Mechanistically, MYC regulates the expression of MTHFD2, and MTHFD2 knockdown suppresses the TCA cycle. This study supports the therapeutic targeting of MTHFD2 in AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yana Pikman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215 Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Alexandre Puissant
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215 Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale U1065, Team 2, C3M, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Gabriela Alexe
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215 Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215 Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142 Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Andrew Furman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215 Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Liying M Chen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215 Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Stacey M Frumm
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215 Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Linda Ross
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215 Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Nina Fenouille
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Christopher F Bassil
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215 Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Caroline A Lewis
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Azucena Ramos
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Joshua Gould
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Richard M Stone
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Daniel J DeAngelo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Ilene Galinsky
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Andrew L Kung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Michael T Hemann
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215 Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142 Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Versha Banerji
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215 Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215 Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology at CancerCare Manitoba and the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E OV9, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kimberly Stegmaier
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215 Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215 Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142
| |
Collapse
|
250
|
Bennedbæk M, Rossing M, Rasmussen ÅK, Gerdes AM, Skytte AB, Jensen UB, Nielsen FC, Hansen TVO. Identification of eight novel SDHB, SDHC, SDHD germline variants in Danish pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma patients. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2016; 14:13. [PMID: 27279923 PMCID: PMC4898401 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-016-0053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Germline mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase complex genes SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD predispose to pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. Here, we examine the SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD mutation spectrum in the Danish population by screening of 143 Danish pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma patients. Methods Mutational screening was performed by Sanger sequencing or next-generation sequencing. The frequencies of variants of unknown clinical significance, e.g. intronic, missense, and synonymous variants, were determined using the Exome Aggregation Consortium database, while the significance of missense mutations was predicted by in silico and loss of heterozygosity analysis when possible. Results We report 18 germline variants; nine in SDHB, six in SDHC, and three in SDHD. Of these 18 variants, eight are novel. We classify 12 variants as likely pathogenic/pathogenic, one as likely benign, and five as variants of unknown clinical significance. Conclusions Identifying and classifying SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD variants present in the Danish population will augment the growing knowledge on variants in these genes and may support future clinical risk assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Bennedbæk
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Rossing
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Åse K Rasmussen
- Department of Medical Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Gerdes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Bine Skytte
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Brendstrupgaardsvej 21 C, Aarhus N, 8200 Denmark
| | - Uffe B Jensen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Brendstrupgaardsvej 21 C, Aarhus N, 8200 Denmark
| | - Finn C Nielsen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas V O Hansen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|