201
|
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yude Su
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Dong Liu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Peidong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| |
Collapse
|
202
|
Comparison of chemical stability and corrosion resistance of group IV metal oxide films formed by thermal and plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10438. [PMID: 31320728 PMCID: PMC6639315 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47049-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The wide applications of ultrathin group IV metal oxide films (TiO2, ZrO2 and HfO2) probably expose materials to potentially reactive etchants and solvents, appealing for extraordinary chemical stability and corrosion resistance property. In this paper, TiO2 ultrathin films were deposited on Si at 200 °C while ZrO2 and HfO2 were grown at 250 °C to fit their growth temperature window, by thermal atomic layer deposition (TALD) and plasma-enhanced ALD (PEALD). A variety of chemical liquid media including 1 mol/L H2SO4, 1 mol/L HCl, 1 mol/L KOH, 1 mol/L KCl, and 18 MΩ deionized water were used to test and compare chemical stability of all these as-deposited group IV metal oxides thin films, as well as post-annealed samples at various temperatures. Among these metal oxides, TALD/PEALD HfO2 ultrathin films exhibit the best chemical stability and anti-corrosion property without any change in thickness after long time immersion into acidic, alkaline and neutral solutions. As-deposited TALD ZrO2 ultrathin films have slow etch rate of 1.06 nm/day in 1 mol/L HCl, however other PEALD ZrO2 ultrathin films and annealed TALD ones show better anti-acid stability, indicating the role of introduction of plasma O2 in PEALD and post-thermal treatment. As-deposited TiO2 ultrathin films by TALD and PEALD are found to be etched slowly in acidic solutions, but the PEALD can decrease the etching rate of TiO2 by ~41%. After post-annealing, TiO2 ultrathin films have satisfactory corrosion resistance, which is ascribed to the crystallization transition from amorphous to anatase phase and the formation of 5% Si-doped TiO2 ultrathin layers on sample surfaces, i.e. Ti-silicate. ZrO2, and TiO2 ultrathin films show excellent corrosion endurance property in basic and neutral solutions. Simultaneously, 304 stainless steel coated with PEALD-HfO2 is found to have a lower corrosion rate than that with TALD-HfO2 by means of electrochemical measurement. The pre-treatment of plasma H2 to 304 stainless steel can effectively reduce interfacial impurities and porosity of overlayers with significantly enhanced corrosion endurance. Above all, the chemical stability and anti-corrosion properties of IV group metal oxide coatings can be improved by using PEALD technique, post-annealing process and plasma H2 pre-treatment to substrates.
Collapse
|
203
|
Lancaster M, Mow R, Liu J, Cheek Q, MacInnes MM, Al-Jassim MM, Deutsch TG, Young JL, Maldonado S. Protection of GaInP 2 Photocathodes by Direct Photoelectrodeposition of MoS x Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:25115-25122. [PMID: 31264402 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b03742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic MoSx thin films have been directly photoelectrodeposited on GaInP2 photocathodes for stable photoelectrochemical hydrogen generation. Specifically, the MoSx deposition conditions were controlled to obtain 8-10 nm films directly on p-GaInP2 substrates without ancillary protective layers. The films were nominally composed of MoS2, with additional MoOxSy and MoO3 species detected and showed no long-range crystalline order. The as-deposited material showed excellent catalytic activity toward the hydrogen evolution reaction relative to bare p-GaInP2. Notably, no appreciable photocurrent reduction was incurred by the addition of the photoelectrodeposited MoSx catalyst to the GaInP2 photocathode under light-limited operating conditions, highlighting the advantageous optical properties of the film. The MoSx catalyst also imparted enhanced durability toward photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution in acidic conditions, maintaining nearly 85% of the initial photocurrent after 50 h of electrolysis. In total, this work demonstrates a simple method for producing dual-function catalyst/protective layers directly on high-performance, planar III-V photoelectrodes for photoelectrochemical energy conversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel Mow
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 15013 Denver West Pkwy , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Jun Liu
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 15013 Denver West Pkwy , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | | | | | - Mowafak M Al-Jassim
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 15013 Denver West Pkwy , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Todd G Deutsch
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 15013 Denver West Pkwy , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - James L Young
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 15013 Denver West Pkwy , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
204
|
Gong Q, Ding P, Xu M, Zhu X, Wang M, Deng J, Ma Q, Han N, Zhu Y, Lu J, Feng Z, Li Y, Zhou W, Li Y. Structural defects on converted bismuth oxide nanotubes enable highly active electrocatalysis of carbon dioxide reduction. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2807. [PMID: 31243275 PMCID: PMC6594929 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10819-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Formic acid (or formate) is suggested to be one of the most economically viable products from electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction. However, its commercial viability hinges on the development of highly active and selective electrocatalysts. Here we report that structural defects have a profound positive impact on the electrocatalytic performance of bismuth. Bismuth oxide double-walled nanotubes with fragmented surface are prepared as a template, and are cathodically converted to defective bismuth nanotubes. This converted electrocatalyst enables carbon dioxide reduction to formate with excellent activity, selectivity and stability. Most significantly, its current density reaches ~288 mA cm−2 at −0.61 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode within a flow cell reactor under ambient conditions. Using density functional theory calculations, the excellent activity and selectivity are rationalized as the outcome of abundant defective bismuth sites that stabilize the *OCHO intermediate. Furthermore, this electrocatalyst is coupled with silicon photocathodes and achieves high-performance photoelectrochemical carbon dioxide reduction. Carbon dioxide can be electrochemically reduced to form valuable chemical feedstocks, but efficiency of electrocatalysts should be improved. Here the authors report nanotube-derived bismuth for electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to formate, with performance that is enhanced by defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiufang Gong
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Pan Ding
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Mingquan Xu
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Maoyu Wang
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Jun Deng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qing Ma
- DND-CAT, Synchrotron Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Na Han
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL60439, USA
| | - Zhenxing Feng
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Yafei Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Wu Zhou
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yanguang Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| |
Collapse
|
205
|
Jung JY, Woong Kim D, Kim DH, Joo Park T, Wehrspohn RB, Lee JH. Seebeck-voltage-triggered self-biased photoelectrochemical water splitting using HfO x/SiO x bi-layer protected Si photocathodes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9132. [PMID: 31235765 PMCID: PMC6591395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45672-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of a photoelectrochemical device is an efficient method of converting solar energy into hydrogen fuel via water splitting reactions. One of the best photoelectrode materials is Si, which absorbs a broad wavelength range of incident light and produces a high photocurrent level (~44 mA·cm-2). However, the maximum photovoltage that can be generated in single-junction Si devices (~0.75 V) is much lower than the voltage required for a water splitting reaction (>1.6 V). In addition, the Si surface is electrochemically oxidized or reduced when it comes into direct contact with the aqueous electrolyte. Here, we propose the hybridization of the photoelectrochemical device with a thermoelectric device, where the Seebeck voltage generated by the thermal energy triggers the self-biased water splitting reaction without compromising the photocurrent level at 42 mA cm-2. In this hybrid device p-Si, where the surface is protected by HfOx/SiOx bilayers, is used as a photocathode. The HfOx exhibits high corrosion resistance and protection ability, thereby ensuring stability. On applying the Seebeck voltage, the tunneling barrier of HfOx is placed at a negligible energy level in the electron transfer from Si to the electrolyte, showing charge transfer kinetics independent of the HfOx thickness. These findings serve as a proof-of-concept of the stable and high-efficiency production of hydrogen fuel by the photoelectrochemical-thermoelectric hybrid devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Jung
- Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Kyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Woong Kim
- Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Kyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyung Kim
- Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Kyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joo Park
- Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Kyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ralf B Wehrspohn
- Institute of Physics, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS Walter-Hülse-Strasse 1, D06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Jung-Ho Lee
- Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Kyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
206
|
Yan D, Topsakal M, Selcuk S, Lyons JL, Zhang W, Wu Q, Waluyo I, Stavitski E, Attenkofer K, Yoo S, Hybertsen MS, Lu D, Stacchiola DJ, Liu M. Ultrathin Amorphous Titania on Nanowires: Optimization of Conformal Growth and Elucidation of Atomic-Scale Motifs. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:3457-3463. [PMID: 31046292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to its chemical stability, titania (TiO2) thin films increasingly have significant impact when applied as passivation layers. However, optimization of growth conditions, key to achieving essential film quality and effectiveness, is challenging in the few-nanometers thickness regime. Furthermore, the atomic-scale structure of the nominally amorphous titania coating layers, particularly when applied to nanostructured supports, is difficult to probe. In this Letter, the quality of titania layers grown on ZnO nanowires is optimized using specific strategies for processing of the nanowire cores prior to titania coating. The best approach, low-pressure O2 plasma treatment, results in significantly more-uniform titania films and a conformal coating. Characterization using X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) reveals the titania layer to be highly amorphous, with features in the Ti spectra significantly different from those observed for bulk TiO2 polymorphs. Analysis based on first-principles calculations suggests that the titania shell contains a substantial fraction of under-coordinated Ti4+ ions. The best match to the experimental XANES spectrum is achieved with a "glassy" TiO2 model that contains ∼50% of under-coordinated Ti4+ ions, in contrast to bulk crystalline TiO2 that only contains 6-coordinated Ti4+ ions in octahedral sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John L Lyons
- Center for Computational Materials Science , Naval Research Laboratory , Washington , D.C. 20375 , United States
| | | | - Qiyuan Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , New York 11794 , United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
207
|
Klasen A, Baumli P, Sheng Q, Johannes E, Bretschneider SA, Hermes IM, Bergmann VW, Gort C, Axt A, Weber SAL, Kim H, Butt HJ, Tremel W, Berger R. Removal of Surface Oxygen Vacancies Increases Conductance Through TiO 2 Thin Films for Perovskite Solar Cells. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2019; 123:13458-13466. [PMID: 31205577 PMCID: PMC6559051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b02371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report that UV-ozone treatment of TiO2 anatase thin films is an efficient method to increase the conductance through the film by more than 2 orders of magnitude. The increase in conductance is quantified via conductive scanning force microscopy on freshly annealed and UV-ozone-treated TiO2 anatase thin films on fluorine-doped tin oxide substrates. The increased conductance of TiO2 anatase thin films results in a 2% increase of the average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of methylammonium lead iodide-based perovskite solar cells. PCE values up to 19.5% for mesoporous solar cells are realized. The additional UV-ozone treatment results in a reduced number of oxygen vacancies at the surface, inferred from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. These oxygen vacancies at the surface act as charge carrier traps and hinder charge extraction from the adjacent material. Terahertz measurements indicate only minor changes of the bulk conductance, which underlines the importance of UV-ozone treatment to control surface-based defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Klasen
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp Baumli
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Qu Sheng
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ewald Johannes
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Ilka M. Hermes
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Victor W. Bergmann
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christopher Gort
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Amelie Axt
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan A. L. Weber
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department
of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudingerweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Heejae Kim
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Butt
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Tremel
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Berger
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
208
|
Li LF, Li YF, Liu ZP. CO2 Photoreduction via Quantum Tunneling: Thin TiO2-Coated GaP with Coherent Interface To Achieve Electron Tunneling. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fen Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Science (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ye-Fei Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Science (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhi-Pan Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Science (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
209
|
He L, Zhou W, Hong L, Wei D, Wang G, Shi X, Shen S. Cascading Interfaces Enable n-Si Photoanodes for Efficient and Stable Solar Water Oxidation. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:2278-2285. [PMID: 31002523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Interfaces with multifunctions for promoted solid/solid interfacial charge-transfer dynamics and accelerated solid/electrolyte interfacial water redox reaction kinetics are determinative for the photoelectrodes achieving high performances for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. In this work, well-designed cascading interfaces are introduced in the n-Si photoanode, which is effectively protected by an atomic layer-deposited CoO x thin layer for stabilizing the n-Si photoanode and then coated with an earth-abundant NiCuO x layer for catalyzing the water oxidation reaction. Furthermore, the formed n-Si/CoO x/NiCuO x triple junction could generate a large band bending to provide a considerable photovoltage for promoting the photoinduced charge-transfer and separation processes at the n-Si/CoO x/NiCuO x cascading interfaces. Moreover, at the NiCuO x/electrolyte interface, an in situ electrochemically formed NiCu(OH) x/NiOOH active layer facilitates the water oxidation reaction kinetics. This study demonstrates an alternative approach to stabilize and catalyze n-Si-based photoanodes with cascading interfaces for efficient solar water oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun He
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Shaanxi 710049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Zhou
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Shaanxi 710049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Hong
- National Key Lab of Science and Technology on LRE , Xi'an Aerospace Propulsion Institute , Shaanxi 710100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Daixing Wei
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Shaanxi 710049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guangxu Wang
- National Key Lab of Science and Technology on LRE , Xi'an Aerospace Propulsion Institute , Shaanxi 710100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Shi
- National Key Lab of Science and Technology on LRE , Xi'an Aerospace Propulsion Institute , Shaanxi 710100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Shen
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Shaanxi 710049 , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
210
|
Kim JH, Lee JS. Elaborately Modified BiVO 4 Photoanodes for Solar Water Splitting. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806938. [PMID: 30793384 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells for solar-energy conversion have received immense interest as a promising technology for renewable hydrogen production. Their similarity to natural photosynthesis, utilizing sunlight and water, has provoked intense research for over half a century. Among many potential photocatalysts, BiVO4 , with a bandgap of 2.4-2.5 eV, has emerged as a highly promising photoanode material with a good chemical stability, environmental inertness, and low cost. Unfortunately, its charge transport properties are modest, at most a hole diffusion length (Lp ) of ≈70 nm. However, recent rapid developments in multiple modification strategies have elevated it to a position as the most promising metal oxide photoanode material. This review summarizes developments in BiVO4 photoanodes in the past 10 years, in which time it has continuously broken its own performance records for PEC water oxidation. Effective modification techniques are discussed, including synthesis of nanostructures/nanopores, external/internal doping, heterojunction fabrication, surface passivation, and cocatalysts. Tandem systems for unassisted solar water splitting and PEC production of value-added chemicals are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyun Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
211
|
Hajibabaei H, Little DJ, Pandey A, Wang D, Mi Z, Hamann TW. Direct Deposition of Crystalline Ta 3N 5 Thin Films on FTO for PEC Water Splitting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:15457-15466. [PMID: 30964262 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b21194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tantalum nitride is a promising photoanode material for solar water splitting, but further study and practical use are constrained by the harsh conditions of the synthesis from Ta metal. Here, we report the direct deposition of crystalline Ta3N5 on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate via a custom-built atomic layer deposition (ALD) system. A combination of TaCl5 (Ta precursor) and ammonia (N source) was sequentially pulsed into the ALD reactor with the substrate heated to 550 °C to deposit compact and thin films of Ta3N5 with controllable thicknesses on FTO substrates. Importantly, it is shown that the FTO is chemically and structurally stable under the reducing conditions of ammonia at 550 °C. These electrodes produced an exceptional photocurrent onset potential of ∼0.3 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) with a maximum photocurrent of ∼2.4 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V versus RHE. Results of photoelectrochemical investigations as a function of film thickness and illumination direction reveal that the performance of Ta3N5 is controlled by a hole diffusion length of ∼50 nm. These results are crucial for the successful integration of Ta3N5 in efficient unassisted water-splitting applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Hajibabaei
- Department of Chemistry , Michigan State University , 578 S Shaw Lane , East Lansing , Michigan 48824-1322 , United States
| | - Daniel J Little
- Department of Chemistry , Michigan State University , 578 S Shaw Lane , East Lansing , Michigan 48824-1322 , United States
| | - Ayush Pandey
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , University of Michigan , 1301 Beal Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Dunwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center , Boston College , 2609 Beacon Street , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States
| | - Zetian Mi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , University of Michigan , 1301 Beal Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Thomas W Hamann
- Department of Chemistry , Michigan State University , 578 S Shaw Lane , East Lansing , Michigan 48824-1322 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
212
|
Ye J, Liu SQ, Liu WX, Meng ZD, Luo L, Chen F, Zhou J. Photocatalytic Simultaneous Removal of Nitrite and Ammonia via a Zinc Ferrite/Activated Carbon Hybrid Catalyst under UV-Visible Irradiation. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:6411-6420. [PMID: 31459776 PMCID: PMC6648888 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite and ammonia often coexist in waters. Thus, it is very significant to develop a photocatalytic process for the simultaneous removal of nitrite and ammonia. Herein, zinc ferrite/activated carbon (ZnFe2O4/AC) was synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The valence band level of ZnFe2O4 was measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy-valence band spectroscopy, and first-principles calculation was performed to confirm the band structure of ZnFe2O4. The as-synthesized ZnFe2O4/AC species functioned as a photocatalyst to simultaneously remove nitrite and ammonia under anaerobic conditions upon UV-visible light irradiation at the first stage. The results indicated that an average removal ratio of 92.7% with ±0.2% error for nitrite degradation for three runs was achieved in 50.0 mg/L nitrite + 100.0 mg/L ammonia solution with pH 9.5 under anaerobic conditions for 3 h at this stage; simultaneously, the removal ratio of 64.0% with ±0.2% error for ammonia was also achieved. At the second stage, oxygen gas was bubbled in the reactor to photocatalytically eliminate residual ammonia under aerobic conditions upon continuous irradiation. The results demonstrated that the removal ratios for nitrite, ammonia, and total nitrogen reached to 92.0, 90.0, and 90.2% at 12th hour, respectively, and the product released during photocatalysis is N2 gas, detected by gas chromatography, fulfilling the simultaneous removal of nitrite and ammonia. The reaction mechanism was exploited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Li Luo
- E-mail: . Phone: +86 51268415070 (L.L.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
213
|
Wang D, Sampaio RN, Troian-Gautier L, Marquard SL, Farnum BH, Sherman BD, Sheridan MV, Dares CJ, Meyer GJ, Meyer TJ. Molecular Photoelectrode for Water Oxidation Inspired by Photosystem II. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:7926-7933. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Degao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Renato N. Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Seth L. Marquard
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Byron H. Farnum
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Benjamin D. Sherman
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Matthew V. Sheridan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Christopher J. Dares
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Gerald J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| |
Collapse
|
214
|
Kim JS, Cho SW, Deshpande NG, Kim YB, Yun YD, Jung SH, Kim DS, Cho HK. Toward Robust Photoelectrochemical Operation of Cuprous Oxide Nanowire Photocathodes Using a Strategically Designed Solution-Processed Titanium Oxide Passivation Coating. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:14840-14847. [PMID: 30938151 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b02727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To date, TiO2 films prepared by atomic layer deposition are widely used to prepare Cu2O nanowire (NW)-based photocathodes with photoelectrochemical (PEC) durability as this approach enables conformal coating and furnishes chemical robustness. However, this common approach requires complicated interlayers and makes the fabrication of photocathodes with reproducible performance and long-term stability difficult. Although sol-gel-based approaches have been well established for coating surfaces with oxide thin films, these techniques have rarely been studied for oxide passivation in PEC applications, because the sol-gel coating methods are strongly influenced by surface chemical bonding and have been mainly demonstrated on flat substrates. As a unique strategy based on solution processing, herein, we suggest a creative solution for two problems encountered in the conformal coating of surfaces with oxide layers: (i) how to effectively prevent corrosion of materials with hydrophilic surfaces by simply using a single TiO2 surface protection layer instead of a complex multilayer structure and (ii) guaranteeing perfect chemical durability. A Cu(OH)2 NW can be easily prepared as an intermediate phase by anodization of a Cu metal, where the former inherently possesses a hydrophilic hydroxylated surface and thus, enables thorough coating with TiO2 precursor solutions. Chemically robust nanowires are then generated as the final product via the phase transformation of Cu(OH)2 to Cu2O via sintering at 600 °C. The coated NWs exhibit excellent PEC properties and a stable performance. Consequently, the perfect chemical isolation of the Cu2O NWs from the electrolyte allows a remarkable PEC operation with the maintenance of the initial photocurrent for more than one day.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joo Sung Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , 2066 Seobu-ro , Jangan-gu, Suwon-si , Gyeonggi-do 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woon Cho
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , 2066 Seobu-ro , Jangan-gu, Suwon-si , Gyeonggi-do 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Nishad G Deshpande
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , 2066 Seobu-ro , Jangan-gu, Suwon-si , Gyeonggi-do 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Young Been Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , 2066 Seobu-ro , Jangan-gu, Suwon-si , Gyeonggi-do 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Young Dae Yun
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , 2066 Seobu-ro , Jangan-gu, Suwon-si , Gyeonggi-do 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hyeon Jung
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , 2066 Seobu-ro , Jangan-gu, Suwon-si , Gyeonggi-do 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Su Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , 2066 Seobu-ro , Jangan-gu, Suwon-si , Gyeonggi-do 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Koun Cho
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , 2066 Seobu-ro , Jangan-gu, Suwon-si , Gyeonggi-do 16419 , Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
215
|
Kraut M, Pantle F, Winnerl J, Hetzl M, Eckmann F, Sharp ID, Stutzmann M. Photo-induced selective etching of GaN nanowires in water. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:7967-7975. [PMID: 30968077 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr10021g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nanowire (NW) based devices for solar driven artificial photosynthesis have gained increasing interest in recent years due to the intrinsically high surface to volume ratio and the excellent achievable crystal qualities. However, catalytically active surfaces often suffer from insufficient stability under operational conditions. To gain a fundamental understanding of the underlying processes, the photochemical etching behavior of hexagonal and round GaN NWs in deionized water under illumination are investigated. We find that the crystallographic c-plane remains stable, whereas the m-planes are photochemically etched with rates up to 11 nm min-1, depending on the applied UV light intensity. By investigating nanowalls, we achieve control of the exposed crystallographic facets and find an enhanced stability of the a-plane compared to the m-plane. Photo-excited holes, which drift to the side facets due to the upward surface band bending in nominally n-type (not intentionally doped) GaN, are identified as the driving force of the process, which allows the development of concepts for the stabilization of the nanostructures. A geometrically enhanced absorption of periodic NW arrays is correlated with a dependence of the etch rate on the NW pitch and diameter. Further, we find selective photochemical etching of the NW base in the presence of sub-band gap illumination, which is attributed to defect-related absorption in this region. These results provide improved understanding of the roles of inhomogeneous defect distribution, light excitation profiles, and different surface facets on the photochemical stability of nanostructures and provide viable strategies for improving stabilities under light-driven reaction conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max Kraut
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
216
|
Alqahtani M, Ben-Jabar S, Ebaid M, Sathasivam S, Jurczak P, Xia X, Alromaeh A, Blackman C, Qin Y, Zhang B, Ooi BS, Liu H, Parkin IP, Wu J. Gallium Phosphide photoanode coated with TiO 2 and CoO x for stable photoelectrochemical water oxidation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:A364-A371. [PMID: 31052888 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.00a364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gallium Phosphide (GaP) has a band gap of 2.26 eV and a valance band edge that is more negative than the water oxidation level. Hence, it may be a promising material for photoelectrochemical water splitting. However, one thing GaP has in common with other III-V semiconductors is that it corrodes in photoelectrochemical reactions. Cobalt oxide (CoOx) is a chemically stable and highly active oxygen evolution reaction co-catalyst. In this study, we protected a GaP photoanode by using a 20 nm TiO2 as a protection layer and a 2 nm cobalt oxide co-catalyst layer, which were both deposited via atomic layer deposition (ALD). A GaP photoanode that was modified by CoOx exhibited much higher photocurrent, potential, and photon-to-current efficiency than a bare GaP photoanode under AM1.5G illumination. A photoanode that was coated with both TiO2 and CoOx layers was stable for over 24 h during constant reaction in 1 M NaOH (pH 13.7) solution under one sun illumination.
Collapse
|
217
|
Kim JH, Hansora D, Sharma P, Jang JW, Lee JS. Toward practical solar hydrogen production - an artificial photosynthetic leaf-to-farm challenge. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:1908-1971. [PMID: 30855624 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00699g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Solar water splitting is a promising approach to transform sunlight into renewable, sustainable and green hydrogen energy. There are three representative ways of transforming solar radiation into molecular hydrogen, which are the photocatalytic (PC), photoelectrochemical (PEC), and photovoltaic-electrolysis (PV-EC) routes. Having the future perspective of green hydrogen economy in mind, this review article discusses devices and systems for solar-to-hydrogen production including comparison of the above solar water splitting systems. The focus is placed on a critical assessment of the key components needed to scale up PEC water splitting systems such as materials efficiency, cost, elemental abundancy, stability, fuel separation, device operability, cell architecture, and techno-economic aspects of the systems. The review follows a stepwise approach and provides (i) a summary of the basic principles and photocatalytic materials employed for PEC water splitting, (ii) an extensive discussion of technologies, procedures, and system designs, and (iii) an introduction to international demonstration projects, and the development of benchmarked devices and large-scale prototype systems. The task of scaling up of laboratory overall water splitting devices to practical systems may be called "an artificial photosynthetic leaf-to-farm challenge".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyun Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
218
|
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting has been intensively studied in the past decades as a promising method for large-scale solar energy storage. Among the various issues that limit the progress of this field, the lack of photoelectrode materials with suitable properties in all aspects of light absorption, charge separation and transport, and charge transfer is a key challenge, which has attracted tremendous research attention. A large variety of compositions, in different forms, have been tested. This review aims to summarize efforts in this area, with a focus on materials-related considerations. Issues discussed by this review include synthesis, optoelectronic properties, charge behaviors and catalysis. In the recognition that thin-film materials are representative model systems for the study of these issues, we elected to focus on this form, so as to provide a concise and coherent account on the different strategies that have been proposed and tested. Because practical implementation is of paramount importance to the eventual realization of using solar fuel for solar energy storage, we pay particular attention to strategies proposed to address the stability and catalytic issues, which are two key factors limiting the implementation of efficient photoelectrode materials. To keep the overall discussion focused, all discussions were presented within the context of water splitting reactions. How the thin-film systems may be applied for fundamental studies of the water splitting chemical mechanisms and how to use the model system to test device engineering design strategies are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumin He
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, 2609 Beacon St., Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
219
|
Synergy effects between Sn and SiO2 on enhancing the anti-poison ability to CO for ethanol electrooxidation. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
220
|
Song F, Busch MM, Lassalle-Kaiser B, Hsu CS, Petkucheva E, Bensimon M, Chen HM, Corminboeuf C, Hu X. An Unconventional Iron Nickel Catalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:558-568. [PMID: 30937383 PMCID: PMC6439451 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a key process that enables the storage of renewable energies in the form of chemical fuels. Here, we describe a catalyst that exhibits turnover frequencies higher than state-of-the-art catalysts that operate in alkaline solutions, including the benchmark nickel iron oxide. This new catalyst is easily prepared from readily available and industrially relevant nickel foam, and it is stable for many hours. Operando X-ray absorption spectroscopic data reveal that the catalyst is made of nanoclusters of γ-FeOOH covalently linked to a γ-NiOOH support. According to density functional theory (DFT) computations, this structure may allow a reaction path involving iron as the oxygen evolving center and a nearby terrace O site on the γ-NiOOH support oxide as a hydrogen acceptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Song
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis, Institute of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL−ISIC−LSCI, BCH 3305, Lausanne CH
1015, Switzerland
- State
Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Michael M. Busch
- Laboratory
for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, and National Center for Computational Design and
Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Ecole
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH 1015, Switzerland
| | | | - Chia-Shuo Hsu
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Elitsa Petkucheva
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis, Institute of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL−ISIC−LSCI, BCH 3305, Lausanne CH
1015, Switzerland
- Department
of PEM Hydrogen Systems, Acad. E. Budevski
Institute of Electrochemistry and Energy Systems (IEES), Acad. G. Bonchev Str. Bl.10, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Michaël Bensimon
- General
Environmental Laboratory, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
(EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Hao Ming Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- E-mail:
| | - Clemence Corminboeuf
- Laboratory
for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, and National Center for Computational Design and
Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Ecole
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH 1015, Switzerland
- E-mail:
| | - Xile Hu
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis, Institute of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL−ISIC−LSCI, BCH 3305, Lausanne CH
1015, Switzerland
- E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
221
|
Wang T, Liu S, Li H, Li C, Luo Z, Gong J. Transparent Ta2O5 Protective Layer for Stable Silicon Photocathode under Full Solar Spectrum. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Huimin Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhibin Luo
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jinlong Gong
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| |
Collapse
|
222
|
Siol S, Beall C, Ott N, Döbeli M, González-Castaño M, Wick-Joliat R, Tilley SD, Jeurgens LPH, Schmutz P, Cancellieri C. Anodizing of Self-Passivating W xTi 1- x Precursors for W xTi 1- xO n Oxide Alloys with Tailored Stability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:9510-9518. [PMID: 30734550 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
TiO2 and WO3 are two of the most important, industrially relevant earth-abundant oxides. Although both materials show complementary functionality and are promising candidates for similar types of applications such as catalysis, sensor technology, and energy conversion, their chemical stability in reactive environments differs remarkably. In this study, anodic barrier oxides are grown on solid-solution W xTi1- x alloy precursors covering a wide compositional range (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) with the goal of creating functional oxides with tailored stability. A strong Ti-cation enrichment in the surface region of the grown W xTi1- xO n layer is observed, which can be controlled by both the anodizing conditions and precursor composition. For Ti concentrations above 50 at. %, a continuous nanometer-thick TiO2 protective coating is achieved on top of a homogeneous W xTi1- xO n film as evidenced by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses. A comprehensive electrochemical assessment demonstrates a very stable passivation of the surface in both acidic and alkaline environments. This increase in chemical stability correlates directly with the presence of this protective TiO2 film. The results of this work provide insights into the oxidation behavior of W1- xTi x alloys, but more importantly demonstrate how controlled oxidation of self-passivating alloys can lead to oxide alloys with thin, protective surface layers that otherwise would require more sophisticated deposition methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Siol
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 129 , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Casey Beall
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 129 , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , 8057 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Noémie Ott
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 129 , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Max Döbeli
- ETH Zurich, Ion Beam Physics , Otto-Stern-Weg 5 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Miriam González-Castaño
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 129 , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - René Wick-Joliat
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , 8057 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - S David Tilley
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , 8057 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Lars P H Jeurgens
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 129 , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Patrik Schmutz
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 129 , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Claudia Cancellieri
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 129 , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
223
|
Dalle K, Warnan J, Leung JJ, Reuillard B, Karmel IS, Reisner E. Electro- and Solar-Driven Fuel Synthesis with First Row Transition Metal Complexes. Chem Rev 2019; 119:2752-2875. [PMID: 30767519 PMCID: PMC6396143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 437] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of renewable fuels from abundant water or the greenhouse gas CO2 is a major step toward creating sustainable and scalable energy storage technologies. In the last few decades, much attention has focused on the development of nonprecious metal-based catalysts and, in more recent years, their integration in solid-state support materials and devices that operate in water. This review surveys the literature on 3d metal-based molecular catalysts and focuses on their immobilization on heterogeneous solid-state supports for electro-, photo-, and photoelectrocatalytic synthesis of fuels in aqueous media. The first sections highlight benchmark homogeneous systems using proton and CO2 reducing 3d transition metal catalysts as well as commonly employed methods for catalyst immobilization, including a discussion of supporting materials and anchoring groups. The subsequent sections elaborate on productive associations between molecular catalysts and a wide range of substrates based on carbon, quantum dots, metal oxide surfaces, and semiconductors. The molecule-material hybrid systems are organized as "dark" cathodes, colloidal photocatalysts, and photocathodes, and their figures of merit are discussed alongside system stability and catalyst integrity. The final section extends the scope of this review to prospects and challenges in targeting catalysis beyond "classical" H2 evolution and CO2 reduction to C1 products, by summarizing cases for higher-value products from N2 reduction, C x>1 products from CO2 utilization, and other reductive organic transformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jane J. Leung
- Christian Doppler Laboratory
for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Bertrand Reuillard
- Christian Doppler Laboratory
for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Isabell S. Karmel
- Christian Doppler Laboratory
for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory
for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
224
|
Yu C, Zhang X. Synthesis of a Cu
2
O/Carbon Film/NiCoB‐Graphene Oxide Heterostructure as Photocathode for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou
| |
Collapse
|
225
|
Fan R, Mi Z, Shen M. Silicon based photoelectrodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:A51-A80. [PMID: 30876004 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.000a51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Solar water splitting using Si photoelectrodes in photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells offers a promising approach to convert sunlight into sustainable hydrogen energy, which has recently received intense research. This review summarizes the recent advances in the development of efficient and stable Si photoelectrodes for solar water splitting. The definition and representation of efficiency and stability for Si photoelectrodes are firstly introduced. We then present several basic strategies for designing highly efficient and stable Si photoelectrodes, including surface textures, protective layer, catalyst loading and the integration of the system. Finally, we highlight the progress that has been made in Si photocathodes and Si photoanodes, respectively, with emphasis on how to integrate Si with protective layer and catalyst.
Collapse
|
226
|
Liu X, Ning L, Deng M, Wu J, Zhu A, Zhang Q, Liu Q. Self-recoverable Pd-Ru/TiO 2 nanocatalysts with ultrastability towards ethanol electrooxidation. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:3311-3317. [PMID: 30720804 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr08935c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Self-recoverable Pd-Ru/TiO2 nanocatalysts have been prepared by electrochemical stripping of Pd-Ru/TiO2 precursors. For the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR), these Pd-Ru/TiO2 nanocatalysts are used as an anode catalyst. The characterization of catalysts via chronoamperometry has been repeated 15 times. After 15 stability tests, the Pd1Ru0.69/TiO2 nanocatalysts still achieve a factor of 9.4 enhancement at the residual current density (309.42 mA mgPd-1) for the EOR over commercial Pd/C catalysts (33.01 mA mgPd-1). From the 5th to 15th test, when each 10 000 s stability test is performed in a fresh ethanol electrolyte, the initial and residual current density of the catalysts could recover to the original or even better value in a few hours before performing another 10 000 s stability test. Herein, these Pd-Ru/TiO2 nanocatalysts with ultrastability towards ethanol electrooxidation are self-recoverable. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the introduction of oxophilic metal Ru and a TiO2 support into Pd-based catalysts and the synergistic effects between Ru and TiO2 have led to the ultrastability towards the EOR. The introduction of oxophilic metal Ru and a TiO2 support into catalysts can reduce the adsorption energy of OHads on the Pd-Ru/TiO2 nanocatalysts, and it will inhibit the COads produced and adsorbed on the Pd surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianhu Liu
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
227
|
|
228
|
Ng S, Sopha H, Zazpe R, Spotz Z, Bijalwan V, Dvorak F, Hromadko L, Prikryl J, Macak JM. TiO 2 ALD Coating of Amorphous TiO 2 Nanotube Layers: Inhibition of the Structural and Morphological Changes Due to Water Annealing. Front Chem 2019; 7:38. [PMID: 30775363 PMCID: PMC6367259 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work presents a strategy to stabilize amorphous anodic self-organized TiO2 nanotube layers against morphological changes and crystallization upon extensive water soaking. The growth of needle-like nanoparticles was observed on the outer and inner walls of amorphous nanotube layers after extensive water soakings, in line with the literature on water annealing. In contrary, when TiO2 nanotube layers uniformly coated by thin TiO2 using atomic layer deposition (ALD) were soaked in water, the growth rates of needle-like nanoparticles were substantially reduced. We investigated the soaking effects of ALD TiO2 coatings with different thicknesses and deposition temperatures. Sufficiently thick TiO2 coatings (≈8.4 nm) deposited at different ALD process temperatures efficiently hamper the reactions between water and F− ions, maintain the amorphous state, and preserve the original tubular morphology. This work demonstrates the possibility of having robust amorphous 1D TiO2 nanotube layers that are very stable in water. This is very practical for diverse biomedical applications that are accompanied by extensive contact with an aqueous environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siowwoon Ng
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
| | - Hanna Sopha
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia.,Faculty of Chemical Technology, Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czechia
| | - Raul Zazpe
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia.,Faculty of Chemical Technology, Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czechia
| | - Zdenek Spotz
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
| | - Vijay Bijalwan
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
| | - Filip Dvorak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czechia
| | - Ludek Hromadko
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia.,Faculty of Chemical Technology, Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czechia
| | - Jan Prikryl
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czechia
| | - Jan M Macak
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia.,Faculty of Chemical Technology, Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
229
|
Kafizas A, Xing X, Selim S, Mesa CA, Ma Y, Burgess C, McLachlan MA, Durrant JR. Ultra-thin Al2O3 coatings on BiVO4 photoanodes: Impact on performance and charge carrier dynamics. Catal Today 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
230
|
|
231
|
Zimbone M, Cacciato G, Boutinguiza M, Gulino A, Cantarella M, Privitera V, Grimaldi M. Hydrogenated black-TiOx: A facile and scalable synthesis for environmental water purification. Catal Today 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2018.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
232
|
Katsoukis G, Frei H. Ultrathin oxide layers for nanoscale integration of molecular light absorbers, catalysts, and complete artificial photosystems. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:041501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5052453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Katsoukis
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Heinz Frei
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
233
|
Ali-Löytty H, Hannula M, Saari J, Palmolahti L, Bhuskute BD, Ulkuniemi R, Nyyssönen T, Lahtonen K, Valden M. Diversity of TiO 2: Controlling the Molecular and Electronic Structure of Atomic-Layer-Deposited Black TiO 2. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:2758-2762. [PMID: 30608653 PMCID: PMC6727370 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b20608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Visually black, electrically leaky, amorphous titania (am-TiO2) thin films were grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) for photocatalytic applications. Broad spectral absorbance in the visible range and exceptional conductivity are attributed to trapped Ti3+ in the film. Oxidation of Ti3+ upon heat treatment leads to a drop in conductivity, a color change from black to white, and crystallization of am-TiO2. ALD-grown black TiO2, without any heat treatment, is subject to dissolution in alkaline photoelectrochemical conditions. The best photocatalytic activity for solar water splitting is obtained for completely crystalline white TiO2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harri Ali-Löytty
- Surface Science Group, Laboratory of Photonics, and Metals Technology
Group, Laboratory
of Materials Science, Tampere University
of Technology, Tampere FI-33101, Finland
| | - Markku Hannula
- Surface Science Group, Laboratory of Photonics, and Metals Technology
Group, Laboratory
of Materials Science, Tampere University
of Technology, Tampere FI-33101, Finland
| | - Jesse Saari
- Surface Science Group, Laboratory of Photonics, and Metals Technology
Group, Laboratory
of Materials Science, Tampere University
of Technology, Tampere FI-33101, Finland
| | - Lauri Palmolahti
- Surface Science Group, Laboratory of Photonics, and Metals Technology
Group, Laboratory
of Materials Science, Tampere University
of Technology, Tampere FI-33101, Finland
| | - Bela D. Bhuskute
- Surface Science Group, Laboratory of Photonics, and Metals Technology
Group, Laboratory
of Materials Science, Tampere University
of Technology, Tampere FI-33101, Finland
| | - Riina Ulkuniemi
- Surface Science Group, Laboratory of Photonics, and Metals Technology
Group, Laboratory
of Materials Science, Tampere University
of Technology, Tampere FI-33101, Finland
| | - Tuomo Nyyssönen
- Surface Science Group, Laboratory of Photonics, and Metals Technology
Group, Laboratory
of Materials Science, Tampere University
of Technology, Tampere FI-33101, Finland
| | - Kimmo Lahtonen
- Surface Science Group, Laboratory of Photonics, and Metals Technology
Group, Laboratory
of Materials Science, Tampere University
of Technology, Tampere FI-33101, Finland
| | - Mika Valden
- Surface Science Group, Laboratory of Photonics, and Metals Technology
Group, Laboratory
of Materials Science, Tampere University
of Technology, Tampere FI-33101, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
234
|
Sun S, Song P, Cui J, Liang S. Amorphous TiO2 nanostructures: synthesis, fundamental properties and photocatalytic applications. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy01020c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we mainly highlight the advances made in the development of amorphous TiO2 nanostructures for photocatalysts. Some perspectives on the challenges and new direction are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaodong Sun
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory for Electrical Materials and Infiltration Technology
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Xi'an University of Technology
- Xi'an 710048
- People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Song
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory for Electrical Materials and Infiltration Technology
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Xi'an University of Technology
- Xi'an 710048
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Cui
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory for Electrical Materials and Infiltration Technology
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Xi'an University of Technology
- Xi'an 710048
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhua Liang
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory for Electrical Materials and Infiltration Technology
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Xi'an University of Technology
- Xi'an 710048
- People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
235
|
Fang T, Huang H, Feng J, Hu Y, Qian Q, Yan S, Yu Z, Li Z, Zou Z. Reactive Inorganic Vapor Deposition of Perovskite Oxynitride Films for Solar Energy Conversion. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2019; 2019:9282674. [PMID: 31922145 PMCID: PMC6946269 DOI: 10.34133/2019/9282674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of perovskite oxynitrides, which are promising photoanode candidates for solar energy conversion, is normally accomplished by high-temperature ammonolysis of oxides and carbonate precursors, thus making the deposition of their planar films onto conductive substrates challenging. Here, we proposed a facile strategy to prepare a series of perovskite oxynitride films. Taking SrTaO2N as a prototype, we prepared SrTaO2N films on Ta foils under NH3 flow by utilizing the vaporized SrCl2/SrCO3 eutectic salt. The SrTaO2N films exhibit solar water-splitting photocurrents of 3.0 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE (reversible hydrogen electrode), which increases by 270% compared to the highest photocurrent (1.1 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE) of SrTaO2N reported in the literature. This strategy may also be applied to directly prepare a series of perovskite oxynitride films on conductive substrates such as ATaO2N (A = Ca, Ba) and ANbO2N (A = Sr, Ba).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Fang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Huiting Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jianyong Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yingfei Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qinfeng Qian
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shicheng Yan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhentao Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhaosheng Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhigang Zou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
| |
Collapse
|
236
|
Chen X, Wang K, Beard MC. Ultrafast probes at the interfaces of solar energy conversion materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:16399-16407. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02768h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transient reflection, photoreflectance and attenuated total reflection spectroscopy are developed to understand the ultrafast interfacial dynamics of solar conversion materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xihan Chen
- Chemistry and Nano Science Center
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory
- Golden
- USA
| | - Kang Wang
- Chemistry and Nano Science Center
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory
- Golden
- USA
| | - Matthew C. Beard
- Chemistry and Nano Science Center
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory
- Golden
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
237
|
Ahmet IY, Guc M, Sánchez Y, Neuschitzer M, Izquierdo-Roca V, Saucedo E, Johnson AL. Evaluation of AA-CVD deposited phase pure polymorphs of SnS for thin films solar cells. RSC Adv 2019; 9:14899-14909. [PMID: 35516305 PMCID: PMC9064236 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01938c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Six different thin film solar cells consisting of either orthorhombic (α-SnS) or cubic (π-SnS) tin(ii) sulfide absorber layers have been fabricated, characterized and evaluated. Absorber layers of either π-SnS or α-SnS were selectively deposited by temperature controlled Aerosol Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (AA-CVD) from a single source precursor. α-SnS and π-SnS layers were grown on molybdenum (Mo), Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide (FTO), and FTO coated with a thin amorphous-TiOx layer (am-TiOx-FTO), which were shown to have significant impact on the growth rate and morphology of the as deposited thin films. Phase pure α-SnS and π-SnS thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy (514.5 nm). Furthermore, a series of PV devices with an active area of 0.1 cm2 were subsequently fabricated using a CdS buffer layer, intrinsic ZnO (i-ZnO) as an insulator and Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) as a top contact. The highest solar conversion efficiency for the devices consisting of the α-SnS polymorph was achieved with Mo (η = 0.82%) or FTO (η = 0.88%) as the back contacts, with respective open-circuit voltages (Voc) of 0.135 and 0.144 V, and short-circuit current densities (Jsc) of 12.96 and 12.78 mA cm−2. For the devices containing the π-SnS polymorph, the highest efficiencies were obtained with the am-TiOx-FTO (η = 0.41%) back contact, with a Voc of 0.135 V, and Jsc of 5.40 mA cm−2. We show that mild post-fabrication hot plate annealing can improve the Jsc, but can in most cases compromise the Voc. The effect of sequential annealing was monitored by solar conversion efficiency and external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurements. Polymorph selective deposition of α- and π-SnS enables their evaluation as thin film PV absorber layers in various device structures.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibbi Y. Ahmet
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
| | - Maxim Guc
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC)
- Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Yudania Sánchez
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC)
- Barcelona
- Spain
| | | | | | - Edgardo Saucedo
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC)
- Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Andrew L. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
| |
Collapse
|
238
|
Lim SY, Ha K, Ha H, Lee SY, Jang MS, Choi M, Chung TD. Three-dimensionally patterned Ag–Pt alloy catalyst on planar Si photocathodes for photoelectrochemical H2 evolution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:4184-4192. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07304j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensionally patterned Ag–Pt alloy catalyst improves a junction quality of electrolyte/SiOx/Si photocathodes for H2 evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Yul Lim
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Korea
| | - Kyungyeon Ha
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Korea
- Global Frontier Center for Multiscale Energy Systems
| | - Heonhak Ha
- School of Electrical Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Korea
| | - Soo Youn Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Korea
| | - Min Seok Jang
- School of Electrical Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Korea
| | - Mansoo Choi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Korea
- Global Frontier Center for Multiscale Energy Systems
| | - Taek Dong Chung
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology (AICT)
| |
Collapse
|
239
|
Yao B, Zhang J, Fan X, He J, Li Y. Surface Engineering of Nanomaterials for Photo-Electrochemical Water Splitting. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1803746. [PMID: 30411486 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201803746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Photo-electrochemical water splitting represents a green and environmentally friendly method for producing solar hydrogen. Semiconductor nanomaterials with a highly accessible surface area, reduced charge migration distance, and tunable optical and electronic property are regarded as promising electrode materials to carry out this solar-to-hydrogen process. Since most of the photo-electrochemical reactions take place on the electrode surface or near-surface region, rational engineering of the surface structures, physical properties, and chemical nature of photoelectrode materials could fundamentally change their performance. Here, the recent advances in surface engineering methods, including the modification of the nanomaterial surface morphology, crystal facet, defect and doping concentrations, as well as the deposition of a functional overlayer of sensitizers, plasmonic metallic structures, and protective and catalytic materials are highlighted. Each surface engineering method and how it affects the structural features and photo-electrochemical performance of nanomaterials are reviewed and compared. Finally, the current challenges and the opportunities in the field are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Xiaoli Fan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Materials and Technology for Energy Conversion, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Jianping He
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Materials and Technology for Energy Conversion, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Yat Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| |
Collapse
|
240
|
Luo Z, Wang T, Gong J. Single-crystal silicon-based electrodes for unbiased solar water splitting: current status and prospects. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:2158-2181. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00638e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review describes recent developments of single-crystal silicon (Si) as the photoelectrode material for solar water splitting, including the promising strategies to obtain highly efficient and stable single-crystal Si-based photoelectrodes for hydrogen evolution and water oxidation, as well as the future development of spontaneous solar water splitting with single-crystal Si-based tandem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Luo
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin 300072
| | - Tuo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin 300072
| | - Jinlong Gong
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin 300072
| |
Collapse
|
241
|
Reed PJ, Mehrabi H, Schichtl ZG, Coridan RH. Enhanced Electrochemical Stability of TiO 2-Protected, Al-doped ZnO Transparent Conducting Oxide Synthesized by Atomic Layer Deposition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:43691-43698. [PMID: 30462916 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Transparent, conductive coatings on porous, three-dimensional materials are often used as the current collector for photoelectrode designs in photoelectrochemical applications. These structures allow for improved light trapping and absorption in chemically synthesized, photoactive overlayers while minimizing parasitic absorption in the current collecting layer. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is particularly useful for fabricating transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) like Sn-doped In2O3 (ITO) and Al-doped ZnO (AZO) for structured materials because the deposition is specific to exposed surfaces. Unlike line-of-sight deposition methods (evaporation, spray pyrolysis, sputtering), ALD can access the entire complex interface to make a conformal transparent conductive layer. While ITO and AZO can be grown by ALD, they are intrinsically soluble in the acidic and basic environments common for electrochemical applications like water splitting. To take advantage of the unique characteristics of ALD in these applications, it is important to develop strategies for fabricating TCO layers with enhanced chemical stability. Ultrathin coatings of stable materials can be used to protect otherwise unstable electrochemical interfaces while maintaining the desired function. Here, we describe experiments to characterize the chemical and electrochemical stability of ALD-deposited AZO TCO thin films protected by a 10 nm TiO2 overlayer. The addition of a TiO2 protection layer is demonstrated to improve the chemical stability of AZO by orders of magnitude compared to unprotected, yet otherwise identically prepared, AZO films. The electrochemical stability is enhanced accordingly in both acidic and basic environments. We demonstrate that TiO2-protected AZO can be used as a TCO for both the cathodic hydrogen evolution (HER) and anodic water oxidation (OER) half-reactions of electrochemical water splitting in base and for HER in acid when the appropriate electrocatalysts are added. As a result, we show that ALD can be used to synthesize a chemically stable TCO heterostructure, expanding the range of materials and electrochemical environments available for building complex photoelectrode architectures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Justin Reed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas 72701 , United States
| | - Hamed Mehrabi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas 72701 , United States
| | - Zebulon G Schichtl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas 72701 , United States
| | - Robert H Coridan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas 72701 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
242
|
Shen H, Omelchenko ST, Jacobs DA, Yalamanchili S, Wan Y, Yan D, Phang P, Duong T, Wu Y, Yin Y, Samundsett C, Peng J, Wu N, White TP, Andersson GG, Lewis NS, Catchpole KR. In situ recombination junction between p-Si and TiO 2 enables high-efficiency monolithic perovskite/Si tandem cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaau9711. [PMID: 30555921 PMCID: PMC6294601 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau9711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the power conversion efficiency of silicon (Si) photovoltaics is a key enabler for continued reductions in the cost of solar electricity. Here, we describe a two-terminal perovskite/Si tandem design that increases the Si cell's output in the simplest possible manner: by placing a perovskite cell directly on top of the Si bottom cell. The advantageous omission of a conventional interlayer eliminates both optical losses and processing steps and is enabled by the low contact resistivity attainable between n-type TiO2 and Si, established here using atomic layer deposition. We fabricated proof-of-concept perovskite/Si tandems on both homojunction and passivating contact heterojunction Si cells to demonstrate the broad applicability of the interlayer-free concept. Stabilized efficiencies of 22.9 and 24.1% were obtained for the homojunction and passivating contact heterojunction tandems, respectively, which could be readily improved by reducing optical losses elsewhere in the device. This work highlights the potential of emerging perovskite photovoltaics to enable low-cost, high-efficiency tandem devices through straightforward integration with commercially relevant Si solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heping Shen
- Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, Research School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Stefan T. Omelchenko
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Daniel A. Jacobs
- Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, Research School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Sisir Yalamanchili
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Yimao Wan
- Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, Research School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Di Yan
- Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, Research School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Pheng Phang
- Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, Research School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - The Duong
- Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, Research School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Yiliang Wu
- Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, Research School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Yanting Yin
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Christian Samundsett
- Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, Research School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Jun Peng
- Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, Research School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Nandi Wu
- Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, Research School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Thomas P. White
- Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, Research School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Gunther G. Andersson
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Nathan S. Lewis
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Corresponding author. (N.S.L.); (K.R.C.)
| | - Kylie R. Catchpole
- Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, Research School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
- Corresponding author. (N.S.L.); (K.R.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
243
|
Abstract
Biological systems respond to and communicate through biophysical cues, such as electrical, thermal, mechanical and topographical signals. However, precise tools for introducing localized physical stimuli and/or for sensing biological responses to biophysical signals with high spatiotemporal resolution are limited. Inorganic semiconductors display many relevant electrical and optical properties, and they can be fabricated into a broad spectrum of electronic and photonic devices. Inorganic semiconductor devices enable the formation of functional interfaces with biological material, ranging from proteins to whole organs. In this Review, we discuss fundamental semiconductor physics and operation principles, with a focus on their behaviour in physiological conditions, and highlight the advantages of inorganic semiconductors for the establishment of biointerfaces. We examine semiconductor device design and synthesis and discuss typical signal transduction mechanisms at bioelectronic and biophotonic interfaces for electronic and optoelectronic sensing, optoelectronic and photothermal stimulation and photoluminescent in vivo imaging of cells and tissues. Finally, we evaluate cytotoxicity and highlight possible new material components and biological targets of inorganic semiconductor devices.
Collapse
|
244
|
In-situ synthesis of amorphous H2TiO3-modified TiO2 and its improved photocatalytic H2-evolution performance. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 532:272-279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.07.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
245
|
Li A, Sun Y, Yao T, Han H. Earth-Abundant Transition-Metal-Based Electrocatalysts for Water Electrolysis to Produce Renewable Hydrogen. Chemistry 2018; 24:18334-18355. [PMID: 30198114 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Fundamentals of water electrolysis, and recent research progress and trends in the development of earth-abundant first-row transition-metal (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu)-based oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution (HER) electrocatalysts working in acidic, alkaline, or neutral conditions are reviewed. The HER catalysts include mainly metal chalcogenides, metal phosphides, metal nitrides, and metal carbides. As for the OER catalysts, the basic principles of the OER catalysts in alkaline, acidic, and neutral media are introduced, followed by the review and discussion of the Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, and perovskite-type OER catalysts developed so far. The different design principles of the OER catalysts in photoelectrocatalysis and photocatalysis systems are also presented. Finally, the future research directions of electrocatalysts for water splitting, and coupling of photovoltaic (PV) panel with a water electrolyzer, so called PV-E, are given as perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ailong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis & Division of Solar Energy, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yimeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis & Division of Solar Energy, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis & Division of Solar Energy, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Hongxian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis & Division of Solar Energy, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
246
|
Li W, Elzatahry A, Aldhayan D, Zhao D. Core-shell structured titanium dioxide nanomaterials for solar energy utilization. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:8203-8237. [PMID: 30137079 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00443a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Because of its unmatched resource potential, solar energy utilization currently is one of the hottest research areas. Much effort has been devoted to developing advanced materials for converting solar energy into electricity, solar fuels, active chemicals, or heat. Among them, TiO2 nanomaterials have attracted much attention due to their unique properties such as low cost, nontoxicity, good stability and excellent optical and electrical properties. Great progress has been made, but research opportunities are still present for creating new nanostructured TiO2 materials. Core-shell structured nanomaterials are of great interest as they provide a platform to integrate multiple components into a functional system, showing improved or new physical and chemical properties, which are unavailable from the isolated components. Consequently, significant effort is underway to design, fabricate and evaluate core-shell structured TiO2 nanomaterials for solar energy utilization to overcome the remaining challenges, for example, insufficient light absorption and low quantum efficiency. This review strives to provide a comprehensive overview of major advances in the synthesis of core-shell structured TiO2 nanomaterials for solar energy utilization. This review starts from the general protocols to construct core-shell structured TiO2 nanomaterials, and then discusses their applications in photocatalysis, water splitting, photocatalytic CO2 reduction, solar cells and photothermal conversion. Finally, we conclude with an outlook section to offer some insights on the future directions and prospects of core-shell structured TiO2 nanomaterials and solar energy conversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iChEM and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
247
|
|
248
|
Two-dimensional titanium oxide nanosheets rich in titanium vacancies as an efficient cocatalyst for photocatalytic water oxidation. J Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
249
|
Tang-Kong R, Winter R, Brock R, Tracy J, Eizenberg M, Dauskardt RH, McIntyre PC. The Role of Catalyst Adhesion in ALD-TiO 2 Protection of Water Splitting Silicon Anodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:37103-37109. [PMID: 30346686 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Atomic layer deposited titanium dioxide (ALD-TiO2) has emerged as an effective protection layer for highly efficient semiconductor anodes which are normally unstable under the potential and pH conditions used to oxidize water in a photoelectrochemical cell. The failure modes of silicon anodes coated with an Ir/IrO x oxygen evolution catalyst layer are investigated, and poor catalyst/substrate adhesion is found to be a key factor in failed anodes. Quantitative measurements of interfacial adhesion energy show that the addition of TiO2 significantly improves reliability of anodes, yielding an adhesion energy of 6.02 ± 0.5 J/m2, more than double the adhesion energy measured in the absence of an ALD-TiO2 protection layer. These results indicate the importance of catalyst adhesion to an interposed protection layer in promoting operational stability of high efficiency semiconducting anodes during solar-driven water splitting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Tang-Kong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford 94305 , California United States
| | - Roy Winter
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000 , Israel
| | - Ryan Brock
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford 94305 , California United States
| | - Jared Tracy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford 94305 , California United States
| | - Moshe Eizenberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000 , Israel
| | - Reinhold H Dauskardt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford 94305 , California United States
| | - Paul C McIntyre
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford 94305 , California United States
| |
Collapse
|
250
|
Chen J, Xu G, Wang C, Zhu K, Wang H, Yan S, Yu Z, Zou Z. High‐Performance and Stable Silicon Photoanode Modified by Crystalline Ni@ Amorphous Co Core‐Shell Nanoparticles. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Eco-materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC) National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied SciencesNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P.R. China
| | - Guangzhou Xu
- Eco-materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC) National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied SciencesNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P.R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Engineering and Applied SciencesNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P.R. China
| | - Kai Zhu
- School of Information Science and EngineeringNanjing University Jinling College Nanjing 210089 P.R. China
| | - Hongxu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures School of PhysicsNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P.R. China
| | - Shicheng Yan
- Eco-materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC) National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied SciencesNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P.R. China
| | - Zhentao Yu
- Eco-materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC) National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied SciencesNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Zou
- Eco-materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC) National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied SciencesNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P.R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures School of PhysicsNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|