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Kim HY, Jung KW, Lim KY, Lee SH, Jun JK, Kim J, Hwangbo B, Lee JS. Lung Cancer Screening with Low-Dose CT in Female Never Smokers: Retrospective Cohort Study with Long-term National Data Follow-up. Cancer Res Treat 2017; 50:748-756. [PMID: 28724283 PMCID: PMC6056956 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2017.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Because of growing concerns about lung cancer in female never smokers, chest low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening is often performed although it has never shown clinical benefits. We examinewhether or not female never smokers really need annual LDCT screening when the initial LDCT showed negative findings. Materials and Methods This retrospective cohort study included 4,365 female never smokers aged 40 to 79 years who performed initial LDCT from Aug 2002 to Dec 2007. Lung cancer diagnosis was identified from the Korea Central Cancer Registry Database registered until December 31, 2013. We calculated the incidence, cumulative probability, and standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of lung cancer by Lung Imaging Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS) categories showed on initial LDCT. Results After median follow-up of 9.69 years, 22 (0.5%) had lung cancer. Lung cancer incidence for Lung-RADS category 4 was 1,848.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1,132.4 to 3,017.2) per 100,000 person-years and 16.4 (95% CI, 7.4 to 36.4) for categories 1, 2, and 3 combined. The cumulative probability of lung cancer for category 4 was 10.6% at 5 years and 14.8% at 10 years while they were 0.07% and 0.17% when categories 1, 2, and 3 were combined. The SIR for subjects with category 4 was 43.80 (95% CI, 25.03 to 71.14), which was much higher than 0.47 (95% CI, 0.17 to 1.02) for categories 1, 2, and 3 combined. Conclusion Considering the low risk of lung cancer development in female never smokers, it seems unnecessary to repeat annual LDCT screening for at least 5 years or even longer unless the initial LDCT showed Lung-RADS category 4 findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyae Young Kim
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.,Center for Lung Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Kyu-Won Jung
- Korea Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.,National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Kun Young Lim
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.,Center for Lung Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Lee
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.,Center for Lung Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jae Kwan Jun
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Bin Hwangbo
- Center for Lung Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jin Soo Lee
- Center for Lung Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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202
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Chuang HC, Chuang KJ, Chen JK, Hua HE, Shen YL, Liao WN, Lee CH, Pan CH, Chen KY, Lee KY, Hsiao TC, Cheng TJ. Pulmonary pathobiology induced by zinc oxide nanoparticles in mice: A 24-hour and 28-day follow-up study. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 327:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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203
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Dias M, Linhas R, Campainha S, Conde S, Barroso A. Lung cancer in never-smokers - what are the differences? Acta Oncol 2017; 56:931-935. [PMID: 28514931 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2017.1287944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Characteristics of never-smokers with lung cancer are still not fully clarified. The aim of this study was to compare never-smokers and ever-smokers with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) regarding patient and tumor characteristics. METHODS All consecutive newly NSCLC patients with known smoking status diagnosed between 2011 and 2015 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Clinical, histological, and molecular characteristics were compared between ever-smokers and never-smokers. RESULTS Of the 558 included patients, 125 (22.4%) were never-smokers. These patients were more likely to be female (74% vs. 7%, p < .001), older (67 vs. 66 years-old, p = .019), and have adenocarcinoma (93% vs. 65%, p < .001). Never-smokers took longer to seek medical care after the symptoms onset (3 vs. 2 months, p < .001), regardless of the symptoms, histological type, or gender (OR: 1.2 [1.4-2.0]). The metastatic pattern was different in never-smokers: pleural metastases were more frequent (OR: 2.1 [1.1-4.0]), regardless of the histological type and gender. Never-smokers had a higher prevalence of ALK translocations (26% vs. 4%, p < .001) and EGFR mutations (36% vs. 8%, p < .001). The type of EGFR mutation was also significantly different between groups. CONCLUSIONS Never-smokers with NSCLC present distinct demographic and clinical characteristics. The characteristics of tumor also differ between never-smokers and ever-smokers, which may suggest different carcinogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Dias
- Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Rita Linhas
- Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Campainha
- Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Sara Conde
- Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Ana Barroso
- Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
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Behdarvand A, Zamani MS, Sadeghi F, Yahyapour Y, Vaziri F, Jamnani FR, Nowruzi B, Fateh A, Siadat SD. Evaluation of Merkel cell polyomavirus in non-small cell lung cancer and adjacent normal cells. Microb Pathog 2017; 108:21-26. [PMID: 28455138 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Several risk factors have been linked to lung cancer (LC). Nevertheless, a viral etiology has been mentioned for a subset of patients developing LC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) on developing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLCs). In total, 96 paraffin-embedded NSCLC biopsies and 96 adjacent non-LC normal specimens were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the existence of the MCPyV DNA and the expressions of RNA transcripts. Among the 96 enrolled participants, 42 patients were adenocarcinomas (ADs) and 54 patients were squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Of the 42 ADs, MCPyV DNA was determined in 15 (35.7%) samples and of the 54 SCC, MCPyV DNA was detected in 22 (40.7%) samples. Only one non-cancerous sample in SCC subjects was positive for MCPyV LT-Ag DNA load (0.216 × 10-3). In MCPyV-positive subjects, the median MCPyV copy number was higher in the patients with ADs (0.016 × 10-3 copies/cell) compared to SCCs (0.005 × 10-3 copies/cell); but this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.913). In the seven stages of LC, the MCPyV LT-Ag was quantified in stage IV (0.204 × 10-3 copies/cell) more than in other stages. There was statistically significant difference between stages of cancer and MCPyV LT-Ag DNA load (P = 0.002). These results revealed for the first time the presence of MCPyV in a subset of patients with NSCLCs in Iran. Further studies should be carried out to clarify the role of MCPyV in lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Behdarvand
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saber Zamani
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzin Sadeghi
- Infectious Diseases & Tropical Medicine Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Yousef Yahyapour
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Farzam Vaziri
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahimi Jamnani
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Nowruzi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Fateh
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Chu SC, Hsieh CJ, Wang TF, Hong MK, Chu TY. Antiestrogen use in breast cancer patients reduces the risk of subsequent lung cancer: A population-based study. Cancer Epidemiol 2017; 48:22-28. [PMID: 28319725 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is accumulating epidemiological and preclinical evidence that estrogen might be a driver of lung cancer. Breast cancer survivors can offer a unique patient cohort to examine the effect of antiestrogen therapy on lung cancer carcinogenesis because many of these women would have received long-term selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and/or aromatase inhibitors (AIs) as adjuvant treatment. Our hypothesis is that estrogens play a role in lung cancer development, and that antiestrogen therapy would affect the incidence of subsequent lung cancer among breast cancer survivors. METHODS Using the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) database, the study included 40,900 survivors of non-metastatic breast cancer after primary surgery, and most antiestrogen users complied well with the medication regimen. We evaluate the effect of antiestrogen therapy on the incidence of subsequent lung cancers. RESULTS This population-based study revealed that antiestrogen use in breast cancer patients was associated with a reduced risk of subsequent lung cancer in older patients (≥50 years) (HR 0.73, 95%CI 0.54-0.99) when compared with breast cancer survivors who did not use antiestrogens. CONCLUSION The study supports the hypothesis that antiestrogen therapy modifies lung cancer carcinogenesis in older women. Further well-designed clinical trials to explore the potential of antiestrogens in lung cancer prevention and treatment would be worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Chao Chu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Jung Hsieh
- Department of Public Health, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tso-Fu Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mun-Kun Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tang-Yuan Chu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC; Center for Prevention of Gynecological Cancer, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC.
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206
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Cho J, Choi SM, Lee J, Lee CH, Lee SM, Kim DW, Yim JJ, Kim YT, Yoo CG, Kim YW, Han SK, Park YS. Proportion and clinical features of never-smokers with non-small cell lung cancer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2017; 36:20. [PMID: 28179026 PMCID: PMC5299770 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-017-0187-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proportion of never-smokers with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is increasing, but that in Korea has not been well addressed in a large population. We aimed to evaluate the proportion and clinical features of never-smokers with NSCLC in a large single institution. METHODS We analyzed clinical data of 1860 consecutive patients who were newly diagnosed with NSCLC between June 2011 and December 2014. RESULTS Of the 1860 NSCLC patients, 707 (38.0%) were never-smokers. The proportions of women (83.7% vs. 5.6%) and adenocarcinoma (89.8% vs. 44.9%) were higher among never-smokers than among ever-smokers. Significantly more never-smokers were diagnosed at a younger median age (65 vs. 68 years, P < 0.001) and earlier stage (stage I-II, 44.5% vs. 38.9%, P = 0.015) compared with ever-smokers. Epidermal growth factor receptor mutations (57.8% vs. 24.4%, P < 0.001) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangements (7.8% vs. 2.8%, P < 0.001) were more common in never-smokers, whereas Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog mutations (5.8% vs. 9.6%, P = 0.021) were less frequently encountered in never-smokers than in ever-smokers. Never-smokers showed longer survival after adjusting for the favorable effects of younger age, female sex, adenocarcinoma histology, better performance status, early stage disease, being asymptomatic at diagnosis, received antitumor treatment, and the presence of driver mutations (hazard ratio, 0.624; 95% confidence interval, 0.460-0.848; P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS More than one-third of the Korean patients with NSCLC were never-smokers. NSCLC in never-smokers had different clinical characteristics and major driver mutations and resulted in longer overall survival compared with NSCLC in ever-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyoung Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Min Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Yim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Tae Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Gyu Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Whan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Koo Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sik Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea.
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207
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Li W, Lin X, Wang R, Wang F, Xie S, Tse LA. Hormone therapy and lung cancer mortality in women: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Steroids 2017; 118:47-54. [PMID: 27964943 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mortality of lung cancer presents a significant difference between the sexes. A role of hormone therapy (HT) in lung cancer mortality has been suggested, but the evidence is inconclusive. We sought to elucidate this issue with a meta-analysis. We conducted a systematic literature search in both Pubmed and Embase. Studies that reported the association of HT and mortality of lung cancer cases were included. Pooled hazard ratio (HR) was computed as the effect size to reflect the association between HT and lung cancer mortality. In total, 11 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled HR of HT in relation to lung cancer mortality was 0.97 (95% CI 0.83-1.12, I2=59.2%, p=0.006) in all studies disregarding study design, and it was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.69-0.92, I2=21.4%, p=0.278) in prospective cohort studies. Results of this meta-analysis were robust, and there was no indication of significant differences in association in small and large studies. We observed a protective role of HT use in lung cancer mortality in pooled prospective cohorts, but not in pooled retrospective cohorts and post hoc analyses of randomized controlled trials. Future studies that address smoking, type and time of HT, menopausal status, and histology are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Li
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaona Lin
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Feng Wang
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shaohua Xie
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lap Ah Tse
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Słowikowski BK, Lianeri M, Jagodziński PP. Exploring estrogenic activity in lung cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2017; 44:35-50. [PMID: 27783191 PMCID: PMC5310573 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-4086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that a connection between xenobiotics inhalation, especially tobacco combustion and Lung Cancer development is strongly significant and indisputable. However, recent studies provide evidence indicating that another factors such as, estrogens are also involved in lung carcinoma biology and metabolism. Although the status of estrogen receptors (ER), in both cancerous and healthy lung tissue has been well documented, there is still inconclusive data with respect of which isoform of the receptor is present in the lungs. However according to several studies, ERβ appears to be predominant form. Apart from ERs, estrogens can work through a recently discovered G-coupled estrogen receptor. Binding with both types of the receptors causes a signal, which leads to i.e. enhanced cell proliferation. There are many published reports which suggest that estrogen can be synthesized in situ in lung cancer. Some disturbances in the activity and expression levels of enzymes involved in estrogen synthesis were proved. This suggests that increased amounts of sex-steroid hormones can affect cells biology and be the reason of the accelerated development and pathogenesis of lung cancer. There also exist phenomena which associate estrogenic metabolism and tobacco combustion and its carcinogenic influence on the lungs. Compounds present in cigarette smoke induce the activity of CYP1B1, the enzyme responsible for estrogenic metabolism and synthesis of their cateholic derivatives. These structures during their redox cycle are able to release reactive oxygen species or form DNA adduct, which generally leads to destruction of genetic material. This process may explain the synergistic effect of smoking and estrogens on estrogen-dependent lung cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Kazimierz Słowikowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Święcickiego Street, 60-781, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Margarita Lianeri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Święcickiego Street, 60-781, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Piotr Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Święcickiego Street, 60-781, Poznan, Poland
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209
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Yilmaz M, Kacan T, Sari I, Kilickap S. Lack of association between the MTHFRC677T polymorphism and lung cancer in a Turkish population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 15:6333-7. [PMID: 25124620 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.15.6333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this case-control study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism and lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Total 200 individuals including 100 patients with lung cancer and 100 controls were analyzed. Genotyping of MTHFR C677T was performed using PCR and RFLP methods. RESULTS The majority of the patients were men and 90% were smokers. We found that the risk ratio for development of LC was 13-times higher in smokers compared with non-smokers between patient and control groups in our study (OR:13.5, 95%CI:6.27-29.04, p:0.0001). Besides, the risk ratio for development of LC was nine times higher in individuals with cancer history in their family than those without cancer history (OR:9.65, 95%CI: 2.79-33.36; p:0.0001). When genotype distributions and allele frequencies were analyzed in the study groups, no significant difference was apparent (χ2:0.53, p=0.76). In addition, no correlation between genotypes of MTHFRC677T polymorphism and histological type of LC was found (χ2:0.99, p=0.60). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that there was no association between the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and lung cancer in the Turkish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meral Yilmaz
- Department of Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey E-mail :
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Bastian LA, Gray KE, DeRycke E, Mirza S, Gierisch JM, Haskell SG, Magruder KM, Wakelee HA, Wang A, Ho GYF, LaCroix AZ. Differences in Active and Passive Smoking Exposures and Lung Cancer Incidence Between Veterans and Non-Veterans in the Women's Health Initiative. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2017; 56 Suppl 1:S102-11. [PMID: 26768384 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnv664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Women Veterans may have higher rates of both active and passive tobacco exposure than their civilian counterparts, thereby increasing their risk for lung cancer. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY To compare differences in active and passive smoking exposure and lung cancer incidence among women Veterans and non-Veterans using prospective data from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). DESIGN AND METHODS We used data from the WHI, which collected longitudinal demographic, clinical, and laboratory data on 161,808 postmenopausal women. We employed linear and multinomial regression and generalized linear models to compare active and passive smoking exposure between Veterans and non-Veterans and Cox proportional hazards models to estimate differences in lung cancer incidence rates. RESULTS After adjustment, Veterans had 2.54 additional pack years of smoking compared with non-Veterans (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.68, 3.40). Veterans also had a 1% increase in risk of any passive smoking exposure (95% CI 1.00, 1.02) and a 9% increase in risk of any workplace exposure (95% CI 1.07, 1.11) compared with non-Veterans. After adjustment for age and smoking exposures, Veterans did not have a higher risk of lung cancer compared with non-Veterans (relative risk = 1.06 95% CI 0.86, 1.30). IMPLICATIONS Women Veterans had higher rates of tobacco use and exposure to passive smoking, which were associated with a higher risk for lung cancer compared with non-Veterans. Clinicians who care for Veterans need to be aware that older women Veterans have more exposures to risk factors for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori A Bastian
- VA Connecticut, Newington. Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington.
| | - Kristen E Gray
- Health Services Research and Development (HSR&D), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington. Department of Health Services, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle
| | | | - Shireen Mirza
- VA Connecticut, Newington. Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Newington
| | - Jennifer M Gierisch
- Durham VA Medical Center, North Carolina. Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sally G Haskell
- VA Office of Patient Care, Women's Health Services, Washington, District of Columbia. VA Connecticut Health Care System, West Haven, Connecticut. Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kathryn M Magruder
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University South Carolina, Charleston. VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | | | - Ange Wang
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, California
| | - Gloria Y F Ho
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Andrea Z LaCroix
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego
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Shi S, Zhao J, Wang J, Mi D, Ma Z. HPIP silencing inhibits TGF-β1-induced EMT in lung cancer cells. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:479-483. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Abstract
Further elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying lung cancer (LC) is essential for the development of new effective therapeutic agents. Recently, involvement of Wnt antagonists in oncogenesis has been demonstrated in several cancers. The investigation of their contribution to lung carcinogenesis is still under investigation. We aimed to investigate whether there is a susceptibility or preventive effect of Wnt antagonist gene polymorphisms on the development and/or prognosis of LC. We investigated 110 LC patients and 160 controls. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of Wnt antagonist genes including DKK2 (rs17037102), DKK3 (rs3206824), DKK3 intron4 G/C (rs7396187), DKK4 (rs2073664), and sFRP4 (rs1802074) were analyzed using nested polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results showed that patients with DKK3 AA compared with controls have a decreased risk of LC (adjusted for smoking habit, body mass index, and familial history) (P = 0.02; odds ratio [OR],0.08; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.01-0.7). It was found that, for sFRP4 polymorphism, patients with GG and GA genotypes versus AA genotype controls showed a decreased risk for LC (P = 0.01; [OR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.05-0.73 for GG genotype]; [OR = 0.18, 95% CI, 0.04-0.72 for GA genotype]). In addition, a decreased risk of LC was also found for the genotype combination of DKK3 (rs3206824) GG and sFRP4 AG + GG (P = 0.004; OR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.02-0.58). We suggest that these 2 polymorphisms have a protective effect on LC in this study.
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Worrell J, Gibson P, Allen D. Radon Exposure: Using the Spectrum of Prevention Framework to Increase Healthcare Provider Awareness. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2016; 20:664-666. [PMID: 27857251 DOI: 10.1188/16.cjon.664-666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The radioactive properties of radon have been known for decades, but the risks of exposure have been understated in most professional healthcare curriculums. Healthcare providers in areas with low levels of radon exposure may not consider radon to be a main source of concern in the development of lung and other cancers. Just as nurses counsel patients to avoid tobacco exposure, they should advocate that patients have their homes tested for radon. This article aims to increase radon awareness and address opportunities for providers to work toward various objectives to reduce radon exposure.
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Isla D, Majem M, Viñolas N, Artal A, Blasco A, Felip E, Garrido P, Remón J, Baquedano M, Borrás JM, Die Trill M, García-Campelo R, Juan O, León C, Lianes P, López-Ríos F, Molins L, Planchuelo MÁ, Cobo M, Paz-Ares L, Trigo JM, de Castro J. A consensus statement on the gender perspective in lung cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2016; 19:527-535. [PMID: 27885542 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-016-1578-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cancer globally and has the highest mortality. Although this disease is not associated with a particular gender, its incidence is rising among women, who are diagnosed at an increasingly younger age compared with men. One of the main reasons for this rise is women taking up smoking. However, many non-smoking women also develop this disease. Other risk factors implicated in the differential development of lung cancer in women are genetic predisposition, tumour histology and molecular profile. Proportionally more women than men with lung cancer have a mutation in the EGFR gene. This consensus statement reviews the available evidence about the epidemiological, biological, diagnostic, therapeutic, social and psychological aspects of lung cancer in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Isla
- Medical Oncology Department, Lozano Blesa Clinical University Hospital, Avda. San Juan Bosco 15, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - M Majem
- Medical Oncology Department, Sant Pau University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Viñolas
- Medical Oncology Department, Clinic Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Artal
- Medical Oncology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Blasco
- Medical Oncology Department, Valencia General University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - E Felip
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Garrido
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Remón
- Medical Oncology Department, Mataró University Hospital, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Baquedano
- Medical Oncology Department, Lozano Blesa Clinical University Hospital, Avda. San Juan Bosco 15, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J M Borrás
- Scientific Coordinator of Cancer Strategy of the Spanish National Health System, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Die Trill
- Atrium, Psyco-Oncology and Clinical Psychology, Madrid, Spain
| | - R García-Campelo
- Medical Oncology Department, A Coruña University Hospital, A Coruña, Spain
| | - O Juan
- Medical Oncology Department, La Fé University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - C León
- Psyco-Oncology Unit, Terrassa Hospital and Parc Taulí University Hospital, Sabadell, Spain
| | - P Lianes
- Medical Oncology Department, Mataró University Hospital, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F López-Ríos
- Targeted Therapies Laboratory, Department of Pathology, HM Sanchinarro University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Molins
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Clinic Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Á Planchuelo
- Humanization of Healthcare Department, Consejería de Sanidad, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Cobo
- Medical Oncology Department, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
| | - L Paz-Ares
- Medical Oncology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Trigo
- Medical Oncology Department, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
| | - J de Castro
- Medical Oncology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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215
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Gao M, He D, Meng F, Li J, Shen Y. Associations of DNMT3B -149C>T and -2437T>A polymorphisms and lung cancer risk in Chinese population. World J Surg Oncol 2016; 14:293. [PMID: 27876061 PMCID: PMC5118893 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-016-1052-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNMT3B polymorphisms are associated with the susceptibility of lung cancer. DNMT3B -2437T>A is a novel polymorphism, and its influence on the risk of lung cancer in Chinese was investigated in this study. In addition, effect of DNMT3B -149C>T polymorphism on lung cancer was also explored. METHODS Genotyping in subjects were performed by PCR-RFLP. Haplotype frequencies were estimated by estimating haplotype software. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by unconditional logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Neither of the two polymorphisms was correlated with lung cancer (-149C>T: CT+TT vs CC: OR = 0.78, 95%CI, 0.57 to 1.05, P = 0.361; -2437T>A: AT+AA vs TT: OR = 0.99, 95%CI, 0.74 to 1.33, P = 0.168). In stratification analysis, T-allele carrier genotype of -149C>T polymorphism resulted in a reduced lung cancer risk at stage II, compared with CC (OR = 0.46, 95%CI, 0.28 to 0.77, P = 0.023). In haplotype analysis, when -149C/-2437T was used as reference, the other combined genotypes of the two polymorphisms had no significant effect on lung cancer risk (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The two DNMT3B polymorphisms are not correlated with lung cancer risk among Chinese population nor the haplotype of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gao
- Department of Neurology, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 37 Yiyuan Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001 China
| | - Daqiang He
- Department of Radiology, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang China
| | - Fanji Meng
- Department of Cardiology, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang China
| | - Jianing Li
- Department of Geriatrics, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Geriatrics, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang China
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216
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Wang A, Qin F, Hedlin H, Desai M, Chlebowski R, Gomez S, Eaton CB, Johnson KC, Qi L, Wactawski-Wende J, Womack C, Wakelee HA, Stefanick ML. Physical activity and sedentary behavior in relation to lung cancer incidence and mortality in older women: The Women's Health Initiative. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:2178-92. [PMID: 27439221 PMCID: PMC5501309 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity has been associated with lower lung cancer incidence and mortality in several populations. We investigated these relationships in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI-OS) and Clinical Trial (WHI-CT) prospective cohort of postmenopausal women. The WHI study enrolled 161,808 women aged 50-79 years between 1993 and 1998 at 40 U.S. clinical centers; 129,401 were eligible for these analyses. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association of baseline physical activity levels [metabolic equivalent (MET)-min/week: none <100 (reference), low 100 to <500, medium 500 to <1,200, high 1,200+] and sedentary behavior with total lung cancer incidence and mortality. Over 11.8 mean follow-up years, 2,148 incident lung cancer cases and 1,365 lung cancer deaths were identified. Compared with no activity, higher physical activity levels at study entry were associated with lower lung cancer incidence [p = 0.009; hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for each physical activity category: low, HR: 0.86 (0.76-0.96); medium, HR: 0.82 (0.73-0.93); and high, HR: 0.90 (0.79-1.03)], and mortality [p < 0.0001; low, HR: 0.80 (0.69-0.92); medium, HR: 0.68 (0.59-0.80); and high, HR: 0.78 (0.66-0.93)]. Body mass index (BMI) modified the association with lung cancer incidence (p = 0.01), with a stronger association in women with BMI < 30 kg/m(2) . Significant associations with sedentary behavior were not observed. In analyses by lung cancer subtype, higher total physical activity levels were associated with lower lung cancer mortality for both overall NSCLC and adenocarcinoma. In conclusion, physical activity may be protective for lung cancer incidence and mortality in postmenopausal women, particularly in non-obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ange Wang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - FeiFei Qin
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Haley Hedlin
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Manisha Desai
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Rowan Chlebowski
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | | | - Charles B Eaton
- Department of Family Medicine, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health at Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Karen C Johnson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Lihong Qi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - Catherine Womack
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Heather A Wakelee
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Marcia L Stefanick
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
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217
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Malhotra J, Waterboer T, Pawlita M, Michel A, Cai Q, Zheng W, Gao YT, Lan Q, Rothman N, Langseth H, Grimsrud TK, Yuan JM, Koh WP, Wang R, Arslan AA, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Boffetta P. Serum biomarkers of polyomavirus infection and risk of lung cancer in never smokers. Br J Cancer 2016; 115:1131-1139. [PMID: 27632373 PMCID: PMC5117783 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer in never smokers is a significant contributor of cancer mortality worldwide. In this analysis, we explored the role of nine human polyomaviruses, including JC virus (JCV), BK virus (BKV) and Merkel cell virus (MCV), in lung cancer development in never smokers as there are data to support that polyomaviruses are potentially carcinogenic in the human lung. METHODS We used multiplex serology to detect serum antibodies to polyomaviruses in a nested case-control design combining lung cancer cases and controls from four cohort studies - NYU Women's Health Study (NYU-WHS), Janus Serum Bank, Shanghai Women's Health Study and Singapore Chinese Health Study (SCHS). RESULTS The final analyses included 511 cases and 508 controls. Seroprevalence for each polyomavirus showed significant heterogeneity by study, but overall there were no statistically significant differences between cases and controls. In total, 69.1% of the cases and 68.7% of the controls were seropositive for JCV VP1 antibody. Seropositivity for BKV was higher at 89.0% in cases and 89.8% in controls and lower for MCV at 59.3% in cases and 61.6% in controls. Similar results were obtained after adding an additional retrospective case-control study (Xuanwei study) to the analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our results do not support the hypothesis that seropositivity for polyomaviruses is associated with increased lung cancer risk in never smokers. Future research to evaluate relationship between polyomavirus infection and lung carcinogenesis should focus more on evaluating the presence of virus or viral nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) in lung tumour samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Malhotra
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 17 East 102 St, Floor 4 West, Room 110, New York, NY, USA
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Tim Waterboer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Qiuyin Cai
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Qing Lan
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Hilde Langseth
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom K Grimsrud
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Renwei Wang
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alan A Arslan
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Paolo Boffetta
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 17 East 102 St, Floor 4 West, Room 110, New York, NY, USA
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218
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Survival among Never-Smokers with Lung Cancer in the Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance Study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2016; 13:58-66. [PMID: 26730864 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201504-241oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Differences in patient characteristics and outcomes have been observed among current, former, and never-smokers with lung cancer, but most prior studies included few never-smokers and were not prospective. OBJECTIVES We used data from a large, prospective study of lung cancer care and outcomes in the United States to compare characteristics of never-smokers and smokers with lung cancer and to examine survival among the never-smokers. METHODS Smoking status at diagnosis was determined by self-report and survival was determined from medical records and cancer registries, with follow-up through June 2010 or later. Cox regression was used to examine the association between smoking and survival, and to identify predictors of survival among never-smokers. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Among 3,410 patients with lung cancer diagnosed between September 1, 2003 and October 14, 2005 who completed a baseline patient survey, there were 274 never-smokers (8%), 1,612 former smokers (47%), 1,496 current smokers or smokers who quit recently (44%), and 28 with missing information about smoking status (<1%). Never-smokers appeared more likely than former and current/recent smokers to be female and of Asian or Hispanic race/ethnicity, and to have adenocarcinoma histology, fewer comorbidities, private insurance, and higher income and education. Compared with never-smokers, the adjusted hazard of death from any cause was 29% higher among former smokers (hazard ratio, 1.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-1.55), and 39% higher among current/recent smokers (hazard ratio, 1.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-1.67). Factors predicting worse overall survival among never-smokers included Hispanic ethnicity, severe comorbidity, undifferentiated histology, and regional or distant stage. Never-smoking Hispanics appeared more likely to have regional or advanced disease at diagnosis and less likely to undergo surgical resection, although these differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Never-smokers with lung cancer are more likely than ever-smokers to be female, Asian or Hispanic, and more advantaged socioeconomically, suggesting possible etiologic differences in lung cancer by smoking status. Among never-smokers, Hispanics with lung cancer had worse survival than non-Hispanic whites.
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219
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Zhang B, Wang H, Yang L, Zhang Y, Wang P, Huang G, Zheng J, Ren H, Qin S. OTUD7B and NIK expression in non-small cell lung cancer: Association with clinicopathological features and prognostic implications. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:893-898. [PMID: 27499151 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the correlation among OTUD7B and NIK expression and the clinicopathological characteristics in NSCLC patients. METHODS One hundred and twenty patients were involved in this study. We detected OTUD7B and NIK expression by immunohistochemistry and analyzed their correlation with clinicopathological data. RESULTS The expression of OTUD7B and NIK were negatively correlated in NSCLC tumor samples (rs=-0.421, P<0.001). The higher expression of OTUD7B was associated with smaller tumor size(P=0.018), less lymph node metastasis (P=0.012) and earlier TNM stage(P=0.039), while the higher expression of NIK was only related to more lymph node metastasis(P=0.031) and later TNM stage(P=0.011). MMP-9 was negatively correlated with OTUD7B and positively correlated with NIK. In addition, the high expression of OTUD7B was associated with good prognosis of NSCLC patients (log-rank=6.714, P=0.0096), and a high OTUD7B/low NIK index can predict an even better prognosis (log-rank=11.794, P=0.0006). Moreover, the multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that OTUD7B rather than NIK is an independent marker of overall survival in NSCLC patients(HR=1.602, 95% CI 1.009-2.544, P=0.046). CONCLUSIONS OTUD7B and NIK may play important roles in the development of lung cancer. The combination of OTUD7B and NIK expression may be a good index for predicting the prognosis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxiang Zhang
- Department Two of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Huangzhen Wang
- Department Two of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Litao Yang
- Department Two of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department Two of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Peili Wang
- Department Two of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Guanghong Huang
- Department Two of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Clinical Research Center,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Hong Ren
- Department Two of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China.
| | - Sida Qin
- Department Two of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China.
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220
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da Silva BDO, Lima KF, Gonçalves LR, da Silveira MB, Moraes KCM. MicroRNA Profiling of the Effect of the Heptapeptide Angiotensin-(1-7) in A549 Lung Tumor Cells Reveals a Role for miRNA149-3p in Cellular Migration Processes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162094. [PMID: 27598578 PMCID: PMC5012581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most frequent types of cancer in humans and a leading cause of death worldwide. The high mortality rates are correlated with late diagnosis, which leads to high rates of metastasis found in patients. Thus, despite all the improvement in therapeutic approaches, the development of new drugs that control cancer cell migration and metastasis are required. The heptapeptide angiotensin-(1-7) [ang-(1-7)] has demonstrated the ability to control the growth rates of human lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, and the elucidation of central elements that control the fine-tuning of cancer cells migration in the presence of the ang-(1-7), will support the development of new therapeutic approaches. Ang-(1-7) is a peptide hormone of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and this study investigates the modulatory effect of the heptapeptide on the expression pattern of microRNAs (miRNAs) in lung tumor cells, to elucidate mechanistic concerns about the effect of the peptide in the control of tumor migratory processes. Our primary aim was to compare the miRNA profiling between treated and untreated-heptapeptide cells to characterize the relevant molecule that modulates cellular migration rates. The analyses selected twenty one miRNAs, which are differentially expressed between the groups; however, statistical analyses indicated miRNA-149-3p as a relevant molecule. Once functional analyses were performed, we demonstrated that miRNA-149-3p plays a role in the cellular migration processes. This information could be useful for future investigations on drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelvin Furtado Lima
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia Rocha Gonçalves
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Departament of Biology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Bonfogo da Silveira
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Departament of Biology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Karen C. M. Moraes
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Departament of Biology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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221
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Coëtmeur D, Leveiller G, Frappat V, Martin M, Peureux M, Dehette S, Carbonnelle M, Dayen C, Debieuvre D, Grivaux M. Relation entre cancer bronchique primitif et consommation tabagique. Résultats de l’étude KBP-2010-CPHG du Collège des pneumologues des hôpitaux généraux. Rev Mal Respir 2016; 33:583-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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223
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Tomczak A, Miller AB, Weichenthal SA, To T, Wall C, van Donkelaar A, Martin RV, Crouse DL, Villeneuve PJ. Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter air pollution and the risk of lung cancer among participants of the Canadian National Breast Screening Study. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:1958-66. [PMID: 27380650 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Recently, air pollution has been classified as a carcinogen largely on the evidence of epidemiological studies of lung cancer. However, there have been few prospective studies that have evaluated associations between fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) and cancer at lower concentrations. We conducted a prospective analysis of 89,234 women enrolled in the Canadian National Breast Screening Study between 1980 and 1985, and for whom residential measures of PM2.5 could be assigned. The cohort was linked to the Canadian Cancer Registry to identify incident lung cancers through 2004. Surface PM2.5 concentrations were estimated using satellite data. Cox proportional hazards models were used to characterize associations between PM2.5 and lung cancer. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) computed from these models were adjusted for several individual-level characteristics, including smoking. The cohort was composed predominantly of Canadian-born (82%), married (80%) women with a median PM2.5 exposure of 9.1 µg/m(3) . In total, 932 participants developed lung cancer. In fully adjusted models, a 10 µg/m(3) increase in PM2.5 was associated with an elevated risk of lung cancer (HR: 1.34; 95% CI = 1.10, 1.65). The strongest associations were observed with small cell carcinoma (HR: 1.53; 95% CI = 0.93, 2.53) and adenocarcinoma (HR: 1.44; 95% CI = 1.06, 1.97). Stratified analyses suggested increased PM2.5 risks were limited to those who smoked cigarettes. Our findings are consistent with previous epidemiological investigations of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and lung cancer. Importantly, they suggest associations persist at lower concentrations such as those currently found in Canadian cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tomczak
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S5B6, Canada
| | - Anthony B Miller
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Scott A Weichenthal
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health and Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A2, Canada
| | - Teresa To
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Ottawa, ON, M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Claus Wall
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Aaron van Donkelaar
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Randall V Martin
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Dan Lawson Crouse
- NB Institute of Research, Data and Training, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Paul J Villeneuve
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S5B6, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
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Hu P, He J, Liu S, Wang M, Pan B, Zhang W. β2-adrenergic receptor activation promotes the proliferation of A549 lung cancer cells via the ERK1/2/CREB pathway. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1757-63. [PMID: 27460700 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide and accounts for 28% of all cancer-related deaths. The expression of the β2‑adrenergic receptor (β2‑AR), one of the stress‑inducible receptors, has been reported to be closely correlated with malignant tumors. However, the role of β2‑AR activation in human lung epithelial‑derived cancer A549 cells and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In the present study, we found that activation of β2‑AR but not β1‑AR promoted the proliferation of A549 cells. Isoproterenol (ISO) stimulation of β2‑AR induced extracellular signal‑regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element‑binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation. Blocking the ERK1/2 pathway by U0126 inhibited CREB phosphorylation and also suppressed A549 cell proliferation. Moreover, ISO treatment enhanced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family proteins such as MMP‑2, MMP‑9, and also vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which were able to be blocked by knockdown of CREB. In conclusion, our data revealed that β2‑AR induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation which in turn activated CREB to promote A549 cell proliferation. These findings elucidate potential therapeutic targets for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330001, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing He
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330001, P.R. China
| | - Shiling Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330001, P.R. China
| | - Meng Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330001, P.R. China
| | - Bingxing Pan
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330001, P.R. China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330001, P.R. China
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Pirie K, Peto R, Green J, Reeves GK, Beral V. Lung cancer in never smokers in the UK Million Women Study. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:347-54. [PMID: 26954623 PMCID: PMC4864444 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
To assess directly the effects of various risk factors on lung cancer incidence among never smokers, large prospective studies are needed. In a cohort of 1.2 million UK women without prior cancer, half (634,039) reported that they had never smoked. Mean age at recruitment was 55 (SD5) years, and during 14 (SD3) years of follow-up, 0.2% (1,469) of these never smokers developed lung cancer. Cox regression was used to estimate relative risks (RRs) of lung cancer for 34 potential risk factors, of which 31 were nonsignificant (p > 0.05). The remaining three risk factors were associated with a significantly increased incidence of lung cancer in never smokers: non-white vs. white ethnicity (RR = 2.34, 95% CI 1.55-3.52, p < 0.001), asthma requiring treatment vs. not (RR = 1.32, 1.10-1.58, p = 0.003) and taller stature (height ≥ 165 cm vs. <160 cm: RR = 1.16, 1.03-1.32, p = 0.02). There was little association with other sociodemographic, anthropometric or hormonal factors, or with dietary intakes of meat, fish, fruit, vegetables and fiber. The findings were not materially affected by restricting the analyses to adenocarcinomas, the most common histological type among never smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin Pirie
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Richard Peto
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Jane Green
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Gillian K. Reeves
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Valerie Beral
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung cancer in never-smokers ranks among the 10 most common causes of death due to cancer worldwide and in the United States. However, it is unknown whether never-smokers at elevated risk for developing lung cancer may benefit from lung cancer screening. METHODS The MIcrosimulation SCreening ANalysis (MISCAN)-Lung microsimulation model was used to assess the effects of lung cancer screening for simulated cohorts of never-smokers at different levels of relative risk (RR) for lung cancer compared with never-smokers at average risk. The benefits and harms of screening were estimated for each cohort and compared with those of a cohort of ever-smokers eligible for lung cancer screening according to the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) criteria. RESULTS The relative lung cancer mortality reduction in never-smokers was higher than the USPSTF eligible cohort (37% compared with 32%). However, the number of life-years gained per lung cancer death averted was lower (10.4 compared with 11.9) and the proportion of overdiagnosed cancers was higher (9.6% compared with 8.4%) for never-smokers compared with the USPSTF eligible cohort, as never-smokers are diagnosed at a later age. The estimated number of screens per lung cancer death averted ranged from 6162 for never-smokers at average risk to 151 for never-smokers with an RR of 35 compared with 353 for the USPSTF eligible cohort. CONCLUSIONS Never-smokers with RRs of 15 to 35 have similar to better trade-offs between benefits and harms compared with ever-smokers recommended for lung cancer screening by the USPSTF guidelines. For most never-smokers, lung cancer screening is not beneficial.
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Abstract
Lung cancer is predominantly associated with cigarette smoking; however, a substantial minority of patients with the disease have never smoked. In the US it is estimated there are 17,000-26,000 annual deaths from lung cancer in never smokers, which as a separate entity would be the seventh leading cause of cancer mortality. Controversy surrounds the question of whether or not the incidence of lung cancer in never-smokers is increasing, with more data to support this observation in Asia. There are several factors associated with an increased risk of developing lung cancer in never smokers including second hand smoke, indoor air pollution, occupational exposures, and genetic susceptibility among others. Adenocarcinoma is the most common histology of lung cancer in never smokers and in comparison to lung cancer in smokers appears less complex with a higher likelihood to have targetable driver mutations.
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228
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Park JY, Jang SH. Epidemiology of Lung Cancer in Korea: Recent Trends. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2016; 79:58-69. [PMID: 27064578 PMCID: PMC4823185 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2016.79.2.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer causes the most cancer deaths in Korea. Although the smoking rate has begun to decrease, the prevalence of lung cancer is still increasing. We reviewed the national lung cancer registry data and the data published about lung cancer in Korea. In 2012, the crude incidence rate of lung cancer was 43.9 per 100,000. The age-standardized mortality rate of lung cancer was 19.8 per 100,000. The 5-year relative survival rate for lung cancer was 11.3% from 1993 to 1995 and increased to 21.9% in the period from 2008 to 2012. Lung cancer occurring in never-smokers was estimated to increase in Korea. Adenocarcinoma is steadily increasing in both women and men and has replaced squamous cell carcinoma as the most common type of lung cancer in Korea. In patients with adenocarcinoma, the frequency of EGFR mutations was 43% (range, 20%–56%), while that of the EMK4-ALK gene was less than 5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Park
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine, The Armed Forces Daejeon Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seung Hun Jang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea.; Lung Research Institute of Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
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229
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Wu FZ, Huang YL, Wu CC, Tang EK, Chen CS, Mar GY, Yen Y, Wu MT. Assessment of Selection Criteria for Low-Dose Lung Screening CT Among Asian Ethnic Groups in Taiwan: From Mass Screening to Specific Risk-Based Screening for Non-Smoker Lung Cancer. Clin Lung Cancer 2016; 17:e45-e56. [PMID: 27133540 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) showed low-dose screening chest computed tomography (CT) reduced the lung cancer mortality rate up to 20% in high-risk patients in the United States. We aimed to investigate the impact of applying the NLST eligibility criteria to the population in Taiwan, and to identify additional risk factors to select subjects at risk for lung cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 1763 asymptomatic healthy subjects (age range, 40-80 years) who voluntarily underwent low-dose chest CT (1029 male, 734 female) from August 2013 to August 2014. Clinical information and nodule characteristics were recorded. The results of subsequent follow-up and outcome were also recorded. RESULTS A total of 8.4% (148/1763) of subjects would have been eligible for lung cancer screening based on the NLST criteria. However, only 1 of these eligible subjects would have a lung cancer detected at baseline. Among the 1615 subjects who did not meet the NLST criteria, the detection rates of lung cancer were 2.6% in women and 0.56% in men. Logistic regression showed that female gender and a family history of lung cancer were the 2 most important predictors of lung cancer in Taiwan (odds ratio, 6.367; P = .003; odds ratio, 3.017; P = .016, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, NLST eligibility criteria may not be effective in screening for lung cancer in Taiwan. A risk-based prediction model based on the family history of lung cancer and female gender can potentially improve the efficiency of lung cancer screening programs in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Zong Wu
- Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Luan Huang
- Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Carol C Wu
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - En-Kuei Tang
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Shen Chen
- Physical Examination Center, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; College of Health and Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Yuan Mar
- Physical Examination Center, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; College of Health and Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yu Yen
- Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ting Wu
- Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Choi JR, Park SY, Noh OK, Koh YW, Kang DR. Gene mutation discovery research of non-smoking lung cancer patients due to indoor radon exposure. Ann Occup Environ Med 2016; 28:13. [PMID: 26985396 PMCID: PMC4793700 DOI: 10.1186/s40557-016-0095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the incidence and mortality for most cancers such as lung and colon are decreasing in several countries, they are increasing in several developed countries because of an unhealthy western lifestyles including smoking, physical inactivity and consumption of calorie-dense food. The incidences for lung and colon cancers in a few of these countries have already exceeded those in the United States and other western countries. Among them, lung cancer is the main cause of cancer death in worldwide. The cumulative survival rate at five years differs between 13 and 21 % in several countries. Although the most important risk factors are smoking for lung cancer, however, the increased incidence of lung cancer in never smokers(LCINS) is necessary to improve knowledge concerning other risk factors. Environmental factors and genetic susceptibility are also thought to contribute to lung cancer risk. Patients with lung adenocarcinoma who have never smoking frequently contain mutation within tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) gene. Also, K-ras mutations are more common in individuals with a history of smoking use and are related with resistance to EFGR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Recently, radon(Rn), natural and noble gas, has been recognized as second common reason of lung cancer. In this review, we aim to know whether residential radon is associated with an increased risk for developing lung cancer and regulated by several genetic polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ran Choi
- Department of Bio-resource engineering, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Yong Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - O Kyu Noh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wha Koh
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Ryong Kang
- Department of Humanities and Social Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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231
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Association between the CpG island methylator phenotype and its prognostic significance in primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10675-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4932-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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232
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Alexander M, Evans SM, Stirling RG, Wolfe R, Officer A, MacManus M, Solomon B, Burbury K, Ball D. The Influence of Comorbidity and the Simplified Comorbidity Score on Overall Survival in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer-A Prospective Cohort Study. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 11:748-757. [PMID: 26851495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We addressed the uncertainty of comorbidity as a prognosticator by evaluating comorbidity and the Simplified Comorbidity Score (SCS) as predictors of overall survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS A prospective study included patients in whom NSCLC was diagnosed at an Australian cancer hospital between 2012 and 2014. Patients were assessed for SCS at recruitment and followed up every 3 months until death. RESULTS The cohort included 633 patients; their median age was 67 years (range 28-93), 63% were male, and 86% were ever-smokers. The median SCS at enrolment was 8 (range 0-19); 20% had an SCS higher than 9, and 11% had an SCS of 0. An SCS higher than 9 was associated with male sex, age older than 75 years, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2 or higher, and fewer cancer treatments. The 1-year overall survival rate was 62% (95% confidence interval: 58-66). In multivariate analysis, the strongest associations with mortality were metastatic disease (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.8, p < 0.01), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2 or higher (HR = 2.0, p < 0.01), male sex (HR = 1.6, p < 0.01), more than 10% weight loss at diagnosis (HR = 1.5, p < 0.01), and age older than 75 years (HR = 1.5, p = 0.01). An SCS higher than 9 was not associated with overall survival (HR = 1.0, p = 0.8), and the effect of continuous SCS (HR = 1.1, p < 0.01) was explained by smoking status. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of patients with NSCLC the SCS was not a clinically significant predictor of overall survival over and above basic patient and disease factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marliese Alexander
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University Melbourne, Australia; Division of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Sue M Evans
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robert G Stirling
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University Melbourne, Australia; Department of Allergy Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rory Wolfe
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ann Officer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Radiation Oncology (Lung Service), Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael MacManus
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Lung Service), Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Benjamin Solomon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Kate Burbury
- Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Ball
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Lung Service), Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Lee DS, Kim YS, Kay CS, Kim SH, Yeo CD, Kim JW, Kim SJ, Kim YK, Ko YH, Kang JH, Lee KY. Distinctive Patterns of Initially Presenting Metastases and Clinical Outcomes According to the Histological Subtypes in Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2795. [PMID: 26871841 PMCID: PMC4753937 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to compare the primary patterns of metastases and clinical outcomes between adenocarcinoma (Adenoca) and squamous cell carcinoma (SQ) in initially diagnosed stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Between June 2007 and June 2013, a total of 427 eligible patients were analyzed. These patients were histologically confirmed as Adenoca or SQ and underwent systemic imaging studies, including 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography and brain imaging. Synchronous metastatic sites were categorized into 7 areas, and whole-body metastatic scores were calculated from 1 to 7 by summation of each involved region. We compared the patient, tumor, and metastatic characteristics according to the histological subtypes, and examined clinical outcomes.The enrolled study cohort comprised 81% (n = 346) Adenoca patients and 19% (n = 81) SQ patients. The median age of the study population was 65 years (range, 30-94 years), and 263 (61.6%) patients were male. The most common metastatic sites were thoracic lymph nodes (LNs) (84.3%), followed by lung to lung/lymphangitic spread (59%) and bone (54.8%). The distribution of patient characteristics revealed that age ≥65 years (69.1% vs 50.6%; P = 0.003) and male sex (84% vs 56.4%; P < 0.001) were more frequently found in SQ patients. Regarding metastatic features, bone metastasis (60.4% vs 30.9%; P < 0.001), lung to lung/lymphangitic metastasis (63% vs 42%; P = 0.001), and brain metastasis (35% vs 16%; P = 0.001) were significantly and more frequently found in Adenoca patients. Patients with high metastatic scores (score 3-6) were more frequently found to have Adenoca (91.6% vs 73.4%; P < 0.001). In multivariate prognostic evaluation, sex (P = 0.001), age (P < 0.001), histology (P < 0.001), LN status (P = 0.032), pleural/pericardial metastasis (P = 0.003), abdomen/pelvis metastasis (P < 0.001), axilla/neck metastasis (P = 0.006), and treatment factors (P < 0.001) remained independent prognostic factors affecting overall survival.We observed distinctive patterns of primary metastases and clinical outcomes according to the histological subtypes in stage IV NSCLC. Future studies need to disclose the underlying mechanism of these unique metastatic features and tumor biologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Soo Lee
- From the Department of Radiation Oncology (DSL, YSK, CSK, SHK); Division of Pulmonology (CDY, JWK, SJK, YKK), Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Medical Oncology (YHK, JHK), Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Hospital Pathology (KYL); and The Cancer Research Institute (SJK), College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seocho-gu, Seoul, South Korea
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Yin Z, Cui Z, Ren Y, Xia L, Wang Q, Zhang Y, He Q, Zhou B. Association between polymorphisms in pre-miRNA genes and risk of lung cancer in a Chinese non-smoking female population. Lung Cancer 2016; 94:15-21. [PMID: 26973201 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs play important roles in the development of human chronic diseases including lung cancer. This is the first case-control study of lung cancer in a non-smoking female population in northeast China, to evaluate the roles of the polymorphisms in pre-miRNAs on risk of lung cancer. METHODS The genotypes of six polymorphisms in miRNAs were determined in 575 patients with lung cancer and 608 healthy controls who were frequency matched for age. RESULTS For miR-146a rs2910164, individuals carrying heterozygous CG or homozygous GG genotype had decreased risks of lung cancer compared with those carrying homozygous wild CC genotype (adjusted odds ratios were 0.76 and 0.64, 95% confidence intervals were 0.59-0.99 and 0.46-0.90, P values were 0.039 and 0.010, respectively). G allele of rs2910164 was associated with a lower risk of lung cancer with a significant odds ratio of 0.80. MiR-423 rs6505162CA or AA genotype was associated with significantly decreased risk for lung cancer compared to CC genotype (adjusted odds ratios were 0.77 and 0.54). The significant result was also found in the allele model with odds ratio of 0.75. However, miR-196a2 rs11614913, miR-30c-1 rs928508, miR-608 rs4919510 and miR-27a rs895819 polymorphisms were not significantly associated with lung cancer risks in any models. The similar results were also found in lung adenocarcinoma patients. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that miR-146a rs2910164C>G and miR-423 rs6505162C>A polymorphisms may contribute to genetic susceptibility to lung cancer and lung adenocarcinoma in Chinese non-smoking females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Yin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Zhigang Cui
- China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Yangwu Ren
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Lingzi Xia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Qincheng He
- China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Baosen Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110122, PR China.
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235
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Ulas A, Tokluoglu S, Kos M, Silay K, Akinci S, Oksuzoglu B, Alkis N. Lung cancer in women, a different disease: survival differences by sex in Turkey. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:815-22. [PMID: 25684531 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.2.815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of sex-based non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) varieties on survival rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study was performed in patients with NSCLC who were diagnosed by histological methods between the years 2000 and 2010. A chi-square test was used to compare variables. Overall survival (OS) was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Of the 844 patients, 117 (13.9%) were women and 727 (86.1%) were men. Adenocarcinoma was more common in women than in men (p<0.0001). There were more women non-smokers than men (p<0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference in ECOG PS, weight loss>10%, stage, LDH, albumin and treatment between women and men. Women younger than 65 years (17.0 vs 12.0 months; p=0.03), who had adenocarcinoma histology (15.0 vs 10.0 months; p=0.006) and who had a hemoglobin level≥12 g/dL (18.0 vs 12.0 months; p=0.01) were found to have a better median OS rate than men. Median OS rates were found to be 13.0 months in females and 12.0 months in males (p=0.14). Among metastatic patients, the median OS was 11.0 months in females and 8.0 months in males (p=0.005). Among stage IIIB and stage IV patients who had first line platinum-based chemotherapy, the median OS was 17.0 months in women and 11.0 months in men (p=0.002). The response rate of chemotherapy was higher in women than in men (p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS In our study, we found that survival duration is longer and chemotherapy response is better in women with NSCLC who do not have anemia or comorbidities and who are mostly non-smokers with adenocarcinomas. Further studies regarding the causes of these differences may provide clarity on this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arife Ulas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey E-mail : drarifeulas@ hotmail.com
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Gou LY, Niu FY, Wu YL, Zhong WZ. Differences in driver genes between smoking-related and non-smoking-related lung cancer in the Chinese population. Cancer 2015; 121 Suppl 17:3069-79. [PMID: 26331813 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, non-smoking-related lung cancer was classified as an independent disease entity because it is different from tobacco-associated lung cancer. Non-smoking-related lung cancer occurs more often in women than men, and the predominant histological type is adenocarcinoma (ADC) rather than squamous cell carcinoma. Most of the driver gene alterations that have been identified in ADC in never-smokers include epidermal growth factor receptor mutations, KRAS mutations, echinoderm microtubule-associated protein like 4/anaplastic lymphoma kinase fusion, and ROS1 fusion, among others. Meanwhile, significant progress has been made in the treatment of ADC. However, in comparison with ADC, no such available molecular targets exist for smoking-associated lung cancer, for which treatment strategies are limited. Next-generation sequencing has been widely applied to the discovery of more genetic profiles of lung cancers. This review summarizes the differences between smoking-related and non-smoking-related lung cancer as follows: different somatic mutation burdens, C:G→A:T transversions, common and novel driver genes, and treatment strategies. Overall, smoking-related lung cancer is more complicated than non-smoking-related lung cancer. Furthermore, we review the prevalence of driver genes in smoking-associated and non-smoking-associated lung cancers in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Ying Gou
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Yu Niu
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Long Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Zhao Zhong
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Kumar V, Becker K, Zheng HX, Huang Y, Xu Y. The performance of NLST screening criteria in Asian lung cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:916. [PMID: 26582178 PMCID: PMC4652411 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1922-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening high-risk individuals with low dose CT decreased lung cancer mortality in the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST), but the validity of directly extrapolating these results to an Asian population is unclear. Using statistical models on Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Result (SEER) data, 27% of lung cancer patients in the United States were estimated to meet the screening criteria. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the NLST criteria in Asian lung cancer patients and to examine the characteristics of those who did not meet the criteria. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of Asian lung cancer patients treated at Maimonides Cancer Center between 1/2008 and 6/2013. Data on demographics, smoking history, cancer stage, histology, and EGFR/ALK mutation status were collected and analyzed. RESULTS Of 116 eligible patients, 75 patients (65%) were smokers which included 26 light smokers (22%). Thirty-two patients (27.8%) met the NLST criteria. Extending the age limit to 79 would cover 8% more patients while removing the lower age limit would only cover 2% more. None of the female patients met the criteria as they were all never or light smokers. Two-thirds of male patients younger than age 55 were never or light smokers. The EGFR mutation rate was 67% in female and 28% in male patients. CONCLUSION The percentage of Asian patients meeting the NLST criteria is similar to that estimated for the United States population, suggesting that extension of the criteria to an Asian population is valid. One-third of the patients were non-smokers and an additional one-fourth were light smokers, comprised mostly of female and young male patients. Further strategies for screening these individuals based on non-tobacco factors are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 10th Avenue, Brooklyn New York, 11219, USA.
| | - Kevin Becker
- Department of Hematology and Oncology Maimonides Cancer Center, 6300 Brooklyn, New York, 11220, USA.
| | - Huo Xiang Zheng
- Department of Hematology and Oncology Maimonides Cancer Center, 6300 Brooklyn, New York, 11220, USA.
| | - Yiwu Huang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology Maimonides Cancer Center, 6300 Brooklyn, New York, 11220, USA.
| | - Yiqing Xu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology Maimonides Cancer Center, 6300 Brooklyn, New York, 11220, USA.
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Bae JM, Kim EH. Human papillomavirus infection and risk of lung cancer in never-smokers and women: an 'adaptive' meta-analysis. Epidemiol Health 2015; 37:e2015052. [PMID: 26602770 PMCID: PMC4722221 DOI: 10.4178/epih/e2015052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The incidence of lung cancer in Koreans is increasing in women and in both men and women with a never-smoking history. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been suggested as a modifiable risk factor of lung cancer in never-smokers and women (LCNSW). This systematic review (SR) aimed to evaluate an association between HPV infection and lung cancer risk in LCNSW. METHODS: Based on a prior SR and some expert reviews, we identified refereed, cited, or related articles using the PubMed and Scopus databases. All case-control studies that reported the odds ratio of HPV infection in LCNSW were selected. An estimate of the summary odds ratio (SOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated. RESULTS: A total of four case-control studies were included. The fixed-effect model was applied because of homogeneity (I-squared=0.0%). The SORs in women and in never-smokers were 5.32 (95% CI, 1.75 to 16.17) and 4.78 (2.25 to 10.15) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These results showed a significant effect of HPV infection in LCNSW. It is evident that developing a preventive plan against LCNSW may be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Myon Bae
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Eun Hee Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
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Yenerall P, Kittler R. Minireview: Familiar Faces in Unfamiliar Places: The Emerging Role of Nuclear Receptors in Lung Cancer. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:1675-83. [PMID: 26484581 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear hormone receptors (NRs) are a superfamily of 48 transcription factors that are frequently modulated by ligands and control various cancer-relevant cellular pathways, such as differentiation, proliferation, migration, and metabolism. These properties make them excellent therapeutic targets in cancers dependent upon their activity, and as such, 3 NRs, estrogen receptor-α, androgen receptor, and retinoic acid receptor-α (more specifically, the promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid receptor-α translocation), have been targeted clinically in breast cancer, prostate cancer, and acute promyelocytic leukemia, respectively. Recently, a number of studies have highlighted a putative role for NRs in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a highly lethal type of lung cancer with relatively few targeted agents. Here, we review the potential roles of selected NRs in NSCLC and offer insights on how NRs may be leveraged in NSCLC to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Yenerall
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development (P.Y., R.K.), Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research (P.Y., R.K.), Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center (R.K.), Department of Pharmacology (R.K.), and Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences (R.K.), The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Ralf Kittler
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development (P.Y., R.K.), Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research (P.Y., R.K.), Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center (R.K.), Department of Pharmacology (R.K.), and Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences (R.K.), The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
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Roh MS, Lee JH, Kang KW, Nam HY, Jung SB, Kim K, Lee EH, Park MI, Kim MS, Lee HW. Phosphorylated 4E-binding protein 1 expression is associated with poor prognosis in small-cell lung cancer. Virchows Arch 2015; 467:667-673. [PMID: 26445970 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-015-1860-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) binding protein (4E-BP1) results in release of eIF4E, which sequentially relieves translational repression and enhances oncogenic protein synthesis. We assessed the expression of phosphorylated 4E-BP1 (p-4E-BP1) in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and its correlation with clinicopathological factors and patient survival. This study included 117 SCLCs, which comprised 108 primary and 9 metastatic tumor tissues. We performed immunohistochemical staining for p-4E-BP1 in 117 tumors and found that 77 (66 %) were positive for p-4E-BP1 with cytoplasmic and/or nuclear immunostaining. The positive rate of p-4E-BP1 staining was significantly higher in never smokers (p = 0.034) and metastatic tumor tissues (p = 0.027). Patients with p-4E-BP1-positive SCLC tended to have poor performance status, although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.087). High p-4E-BP1 expression was significantly correlated with worse overall survival (OS) in all cohorts (p = 0.016). After stratification by clinical stage, p-4E-BP1 expression showed a stronger relationship with OS in patients with limited disease (p = 0.008). In addition, when stratified by treatment status, p-4E-BP1 expression was still significantly associated with worse OS in a subgroup of patients who completed treatment (p = 0.021). Our results indicate that p-4E-BP1 expression could represent oncogenic potential and contribute to the progression and aggressiveness of SCLC, suggesting it could be a candidate prognostic biomarker of SCLC, especially in limited disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee Sook Roh
- Department of Pathology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Kyung Woo Kang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Yeol Nam
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Sang Bong Jung
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Dong-Eui Institute of Technology, Busan, South Korea
| | - Kyungeun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Hee Lee
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50, Hapsung-dong, Masan Hoewon-gu, Changwon, 630-723, South Korea
| | - Moon-Il Park
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50, Hapsung-dong, Masan Hoewon-gu, Changwon, 630-723, South Korea
| | - Mee-Seon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50, Hapsung-dong, Masan Hoewon-gu, Changwon, 630-723, South Korea
| | - Hyoun Wook Lee
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50, Hapsung-dong, Masan Hoewon-gu, Changwon, 630-723, South Korea.
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241
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Freedman ND, Abnet CC, Caporaso NE, Fraumeni JF, Murphy G, Hartge P, Hollenbeck AR, Park Y, Shiels MS, Silverman DT. Impact of changing US cigarette smoking patterns on incident cancer: risks of 20 smoking-related cancers among the women and men of the NIH-AARP cohort. Int J Epidemiol 2015; 45:846-56. [PMID: 26411408 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Historically, US women started smoking at a later age than men and had lower relative risks for smoking-related cancers. However, more recent birth cohorts of women and men have similar smoking histories and have now reached the high-risk age for cancer. The impact of these changes on cancer incidence has not been systematically examined. METHODS Relative risks (RR), 95% confidence intervals (CI) and attributable fractions were calculated for cigarette smoking and incidence of 20 smoking-related cancers in 186 057 women and 266 074 men of the National Institutes of Health-AARP cohort, aged 50 to 71 years in 1995 and followed for 11 years. RESULTS In the cohort, which included participants born between 1924 and 1945, most women and men started smoking as teenagers. RRs for current vs never smoking were similar in women and men for the following cancers: lung squamous-cell (RR women: 121.4, 95% CI: 57.3-257.4; RR men:114.6, 95% CI: 61.2-214.4), lung adenocarcinoma (RR women: 11.7, 95% CI: 9.8-14.0; RR men: 15.6, 95% CI: 12.5-19.6), laryngeal (RR women: 37.0, 95% CI: 14.9-92.3; RR men: 13.8, 95% CI: 9.3-20.2), oral cavity-pharyngeal (RR women:4.4, 95% CI: 3.3-6.0; RR men: 3.8, 95% CI: 3.0-4.7), oesophageal squamous cell (RR women: 7.3, 95% CI: 3.5-15.5; RR men: 6.2, 95% CI: 2.8-13.7), bladder (RR women: 4.7, 95% CI: 3.7-5.8; RR men: 4.0, 95% CI: 3.5-4.5), colon (RR women: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.2-1.5; RR men: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1-1.4), and at other sites, with similar attributable fractions. CONCLUSIONS RRs for current smoking and incidence of many smoking-related cancers are now similar in US women and men, likely reflecting converging smoking patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA,
| | - Christian C Abnet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Joseph F Fraumeni
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Gwen Murphy
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Patricia Hartge
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Yikyung Park
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Meredith S Shiels
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Debra T Silverman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
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242
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Wei R, DeVilbiss FT, Liu W. Genetic Polymorphism, Telomere Biology and Non-Small Lung Cancer Risk. J Genet Genomics 2015; 42:549-561. [PMID: 26554909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a number of chromosomal regions associated with the risk of lung cancer. Of these regions, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), especially rs2736100 located in the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene show unique and significant association with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a few subpopulations including women, nonsmokers, East Asians and those with adenocarcinoma. Recent studies have also linked rs2736100 with a longer telomere length and lung cancer risk. In this review, we seek to summarize the relationship between these factors and to further link the underlying telomere biology to lung cancer etiology. We conclude that genetic alleles combined with environmental (e.g., less-smoking) and physiological factors (gender and age) that confer longer telomere length are strong risk factors for NSCLC. This linkage may be particularly relevant in lung adenocarcinoma driven by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, as these mutations have also been strongly linked to female gender, less-smoking history, adenocarcinoma histology and East Asian ethnicity. By establishing this connection, a strong argument is made for further investigating of the involvement of these entities during the tumorigenesis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Wei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Frank T DeVilbiss
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Wanqing Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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243
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Schwartz AG, Ray RM, Cote ML, Abrams J, Sokol RJ, Hendrix SL, Chen C, Chlebowski RT, Hubbell FA, Kooperberg C, Manson JE, Jo O'Sullivan M, Rohan T, Stefanick ML, Wactawski-Wende J, Wakelee H, Simon MS. Hormone Use, Reproductive History, and Risk of Lung Cancer: The Women's Health Initiative Studies. J Thorac Oncol 2015; 10:1004-13. [PMID: 25852020 PMCID: PMC4627490 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0000000000000558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Results from the Women's Health Initiative clinical trials demonstrated no increase in the risk of lung cancer in postmenopausal women treated with hormone therapy (HT). We conducted a joint analysis of the Women's Health Initiative observational study data and clinical trials data to further explore the association between estrogen and estrogen-related reproductive factors and lung cancer risk. METHODS Reproductive history, oral contraceptive use, and postmenopausal HT were evaluated in 160,855 women with known HT exposures. Follow-up for lung cancer was through September 17, 2012; 2467 incident lung cancer cases were ascertained, with median follow-up of 14 years. RESULTS For all lung cancers, women with previous use of estrogen plus progestin of less than 5 years (hazard ratio = 0.84; 95% confidence interval = 0.71-0.99) were at reduced risk. A limited number of reproductive factors demonstrated associations with risk. There was a trend toward decreased risk with increasing age at menopause (ptrend = 0.04) and a trend toward increased risk with increasing number of live births (ptrend = 0.03). Reduced risk of non-small-cell lung cancer was associated with age 20-29 years at first live birth. Risk estimates varied with smoking history, years of HT use and previous bilateral oophorectomy. CONCLUSIONS Indirect measures of estrogen exposure to lung tissue, as used in this study, provide only weak evidence for an association between reproductive history or HT use and risk of lung cancer. More detailed mechanistic studies and evaluation of risk factors in conjunction with estrogen receptor expression in the lung should continue as a role for estrogen cannot be ruled out and may hold potential for prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann G. Schwartz
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Roberta M. Ray
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle Washington
| | - Michele L. Cote
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Judith Abrams
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Robert J. Sokol
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | - Chu Chen
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Rowan T. Chlebowski
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - F. Allan Hubbell
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle Washington
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mary Jo O'Sullivan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Thomas Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Marcia L. Stefanick
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University of Buffalo School of Public Health and Health Professions, Buffalo, NY
| | - Heather Wakelee
- Divison of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California
| | - Michael S. Simon
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
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Mühlbacher AC, Bethge S. Patients' preferences: a discrete-choice experiment for treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS : HEPAC : HEALTH ECONOMICS IN PREVENTION AND CARE 2015; 16:657-70. [PMID: 25135768 PMCID: PMC4464047 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-014-0622-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lung cancer is a major cause of cancer-related deaths and thus represents a global health problem. According to World Health Organization (WHO) estimates, approximately 1.37 million people die each year from lung cancer. Different therapeutic approaches as well as several treatment options exist. To date decisions on which therapies to use have largely been made by clinical experts. Comparative preference studies show that underlying weighting of treatment goals by experts is not necessarily congruent with the preferences of affected patients. AIM AND METHODS The aim of this empirical study was to ascertain patient preferences in relation to treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). After identification of patient-relevant treatment attributes via literature review and qualitative interviews(ten) a discrete-choice experiment including seven patient-relevant attributes was conducted using a fractional factorial NGene-design. Statistical data analysis was performed using latent class models. RESULTS The qualitative part of this study identified outcome measures related to efficacy, side effects and mode of administration. A total of 211 NSCLC patients (N = 211) participated in the computer-assisted personal interview. A clear preference for an increase in "progression-free survival" (coef.: 1.087) and a reduction of "tumor-associated symptoms"(cough, shortness of breath and pain); coef.: 1.090) was demonstrated, followed by the reduction of side effects: "nausea and vomiting" (coef.: 0.605); "rash" (coef.: 0.432); "diarrhea" (coef.: 0.427); and, "tiredness and fatigue" (coef.: 0.423). The "mode of administration" was less important for participants (coef.: 0.141). CONCLUSION Preference measurement showed "progression-free survival" and "tumor-associated symptoms" had a significant influence on the treatment decision. Subgroup analysis revealed that the importance of "progression-free survival" increases with increased therapy experience. Based on the presented results therapies can be designed, assessed and chosen on the basis of patient-oriented findings. As such, more effective and efficient care of patients can be achieved and benefits increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel C Mühlbacher
- IGM Institut Gesundheitsökonomie und Medizinmanagement, Hochschule Neubrandenburg, Brodaer Straße 2, 17033, Neubrandenburg, Germany,
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Słowikowski BK, Gałęcki B, Dyszkiewicz W, Jagodziński PP. Increased expression of proline-, glutamic acid- and leucine-rich protein PELP1 in non-small cell lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2015. [PMID: 26211588 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that estrogens are able to enhance lung tumorigenesis by estrogen receptor (ER) pathway. ER signaling is a highly complex process that requires a number of different coactivators, including proline-, glutamic acid- and leucine-rich protein-1 (PELP1). We studied PELP1 transcript and protein levels in cancerous and histopathologically unchanged lung tissues obtained from 73 patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We observed increased levels of PELP1 transcript (P=0.00001) and protein (P=0.00001) in tumor tissues compared to adjacent histopathologically unchanged tissues. Significant increase of PELP1 transcript/protein level was found in all patients, regardless of gender (males: P=0.0003/P=0.000003; females: P=0.0005/P=0.02), age (≤ 60 patients: P=0.042/P=0.016; >60 patients: P=0.00001/P=0.00001) or histopathological type of tumor (adenocarcinoma [ADC]: P=0.004/P=0.0006; squamous cell carcinoma [SSC]: P=0.0009/P=0.0008). Increased PELP1 transcript/protein levels were also correlated with some lung cancer stage (1a: P=0.07/P=0.02; 1b: P=0.001/P=0.03; 2a: P=0.012/P=0.001), tumor size (T2a: P=0.0006/P=0.001) and lymph node metastasis (N0: P=0.0003/P=0.0006; N1: P=0.017/P=0.003). Moreover, significant increase in PELP1 transcript level in cancer stage 1a (P=0.02) was observed. PELP1 protein content was higher in tumor tissues of patients with cancer stage 3a (P=0.04) and in T1a tumor size (P=0.03). Our studies demonstrate significantly higher amounts of PELP1 transcript and protein in tumor tissues in patients with NSCLC. Moreover, we also determined the association of PELP1 transcript and protein level with some clinicopathological features of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Kazimierz Słowikowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 6, Święcickiego Street, 60-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Gałęcki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 62, Szamarzewskiego Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland
| | - Wojciech Dyszkiewicz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 62, Szamarzewskiego Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Piotr Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 6, Święcickiego Street, 60-781 Poznań, Poland.
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Common Oncogene Mutations and Novel SND1-BRAF Transcript Fusion in Lung Adenocarcinoma from Never Smokers. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9755. [PMID: 25985019 PMCID: PMC4434945 DOI: 10.1038/srep09755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinomas from never smokers account for approximately 15 to 20% of all lung cancers and these tumors often carry genetic alterations that are responsive to targeted therapy. Here we examined mutation status in 10 oncogenes among 89 lung adenocarcinomas from never smokers. We also screened for oncogene fusion transcripts in 20 of the 89 tumors by RNA-Seq. In total, 62 tumors had mutations in at least one of the 10 oncogenes, including EGFR (49 cases, 55%), K-ras (5 cases, 6%), BRAF (4 cases, 5%), PIK3CA (3 cases, 3%), and ERBB2 (4 cases, 5%). In addition to ALK fusions identified by IHC/FISH in four cases, two previously known fusions involving EZR- ROS1 and KIF5B-RET were identified by RNA-Seq as well as a third novel fusion transcript that was formed between exons 1–9 of SND1 and exons 2 to 3′ end of BRAF. This in-frame fusion was observed in 3/89 tested tumors and 2/64 additional never smoker lung adenocarcinoma samples. Ectopic expression of SND1-BRAF in H1299 cells increased phosphorylation levels of MEK/ERK, cell proliferation, and spheroid formation compared to parental mock-transfected control. Jointly, our results suggest a potential role of the novel BRAF fusion in lung cancer development and therapy.
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Carpentier O, Selvaggi L, Jégu J, Purohit A, Prim N, Velten M, Quoix E. Modern Treatments in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Temporal Trends and Effect on Survival. A French Population-Based Study. Clin Lung Cancer 2015; 16:496-506. [PMID: 26071190 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Extrapolation of clinical trials results to the general population is always challenging. We analysed 1047 patients diagnosed with an advanced stage disease between 1998 and 2005 in a french administrative department and found a good spread of modern chemotherapy since 1998 and targeted therapy since 2002. Moreover, the outcomes in patients treated according to guidelines are very proximal from those obtained in clinical trials. BACKGROUND Management of metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer has considerably evolved during the past 2 decades. In this study we aimed to assess how treatments have spread at a population-based level and their effect on survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS Medical records of patients diagnosed from 1998 to 2005 in the French department of Bas-Rhin were checked to collect data on patient characteristics and treatments received. Multivariate analysis of survival was performed using pretherapeutic and therapeutic factors including targeted therapies received as third-line treatment. RESULTS We included 1047 patients with stage IIIB to IV non-small-cell lung cancer. The proportion of patients who underwent chemotherapy increased from 373/471 (79.2%) to 491/576 (85.2%) over the 1998 to 2001 and 2002 to 2005 periods, and there was an increased use of third-generation drugs associated with platin. Third-line treatment was gefitinib or erlotinib in 73/155 (47.1%) of the cases among patients diagnosed from 2002 to 2005. Compared with older agents, targeted therapy administered as third-line treatment was associated with a longer survival but there was no significant difference in survival with recent chemotherapy agents in multivariate analyses (hazard ratio, 0.773; 95% confidence interval, 0.445-1.343). CONCLUSION Results of our study showed a good spread of modern chemotherapy and targeted therapy use at a population-based level. However, even if the general outcomes were improved along the years, the results observed in real clinical practice were slightly different from those reported in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Carpentier
- Laboratoire d'épidémiologie et de santé publique, EA3430, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lucia Selvaggi
- Service de pneumologie, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jérémie Jégu
- Laboratoire d'épidémiologie et de santé publique, EA3430, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Service de santé publique, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ashok Purohit
- Service de pneumologie, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nathalie Prim
- Service de pneumologie, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Velten
- Laboratoire d'épidémiologie et de santé publique, EA3430, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Service de santé publique, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elisabeth Quoix
- Service de pneumologie, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to forecast lung cancer mortality with respect to recent changes in smoking prevalence and compares the results to estimates from GLOBOCAN and the Global Burden of Disease study. SETTING An established epidemiological model is applied to detailed smoking prevalence data from South Africa to estimate lung cancer mortality from 2010 to 2025. PARTICIPANTS Data from the South Africa Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2003 was analysed by sex and ethnic group, and combined with longitudinal estimates on smoking prevalence from 1980 to 2010. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Results provide detailed data on tobacco smoking behaviour by age, sex and ethnic group as well as modelled age-adjusted lung cancer mortality and number of yearly lung cancer deaths. RESULTS From 2010 to 2025, a decrease in age-adjusted lung cancer mortality is shown from 17.1 to 14.1 among men; whereas rates were stable around 7.2 among women. As a consequence, the estimated number of yearly lung cancer deaths is expected to increase slightly for men and more for women. With respect to ethnic groups, male mortality is expected to be highest for Asians and lowest for blacks. Female rates were lowest for Asians and highest for whites and for coloured. CONCLUSIONS Mortality estimates of this study are close to the WHO mortality database and to Global Burden of Disease estimates for 2010, but significantly lower compared with GLOBOCAN estimates. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the impact of demographic changes and the positive effects of antismoking policy on lung cancer mortality in South Africa. Results may help decision makers to further improve smoking control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Winkler
- Institut für Public Health, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nosimanana J Mangolo
- Institut für Public Health, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Becher
- Institut für Public Health, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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249
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McWilliams A, Beigi P, Srinidhi A, Lam S, MacAulay CE. Sex and Smoking Status Effects on the Early Detection of Early Lung Cancer in High-Risk Smokers Using an Electronic Nose. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2015; 62:2044-54. [PMID: 25775482 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2015.2409092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath as measured by electronic nose (e-nose) have utility as biomarkers to detect subjects at risk of having lung cancer in a screening setting. We hypothesize that breath analysis using an e-nose chemo-resistive sensor array could be used as a screening tool to discriminate patients diagnosed with lung cancer from high-risk smokers. METHODS Breath samples from 191 subjects-25 lung cancer patients and 166 high-risk smoker control subjects without cancer-were analyzed. For clinical relevancy, subjects in both groups were matched for age, sex, and smoking histories. Classification and regression trees and discriminant functions classifiers were used to recognize VOC patterns in e-nose data. Cross-validated results were used to assess classification accuracy. Repeatability and reproducibility of e-nose data were assessed by measuring subject-exhaled breath in parallel across two e-nose devices. RESULTS e-Nose measurements could distinguish lung cancer patients from high-risk control subjects, with a better than 80% classification accuracy. Subject sex and smoking status impacted classification as area under the curve results (ex-smoker males 0.846, ex-smoker female 0.816, current smoker male 0.745, and current smoker female 0.725) demonstrated. Two e-nose systems could be calibrated to give equivalent readings across subject-exhaled breath measured in parallel. CONCLUSIONS e-Nose technology may have significant utility as a noninvasive screening tool for detecting individuals at increased risk for lung cancer. SIGNIFICANCE The results presented further the case that VOC patterns could have real clinical utility to screen for lung cancer in the important growing ex-smoker population.
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Zhang L, Xu B, Qiang Y, Huang H, Wang C, Li D, Qian J. Overexpression of deubiquitinating enzyme USP28 promoted non-small cell lung cancer growth. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:799-805. [PMID: 25656529 PMCID: PMC4395194 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for most lung cancer. To develop new therapy required the elucidation of NSCLC pathogenesis. The deubiquitinating enzymes USP 28 has been identified and studied in colon and breast carcinomas. However, the role of USP28 in NSCLC is unknown. The level mRNA or protein level of USP28 were measured by qRT-PCR or immunohistochemistry (IHC). The role of USP28 in patient survival was revealed by Kaplan–Meier plot of overall survival in NSCLC patients. USP28 was up or down regulated by overexpression plasmid or siRNA transfection. Cell proliferation and apoptosis was assayed by MTT and FACS separately. Potential microRNAs, which targeted USP28, were predicated by bioinformatic algorithm and confirmed by Dual Luciferase reporter assay system. High mRNA and protein level of USP28 in NSCLC were both correlated with low patient survival rate. Overexpression of USP28 promoted NSCLC cells growth and vice versa. Down-regulation of USP28 induced cell apoptosis. USP28 was targeted by miR-4295. Overexpression of USP28 promoted NSCLC cells proliferation, and was associated with poor prognosis in NSCLC patients. The expression of USP28 may be regulated by miR-4295. Our data suggested that USP28 was a tumour-promoting factor and a promising therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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