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Tang A, Dadaglio G, Oberkampf M, Di Carlo S, Peduto L, Laubreton D, Desrues B, Sun CM, Montagutelli X, Leclerc C. B cells promote tumor progression in a mouse model of HPV-mediated cervical cancer. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:1358-71. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Tang
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer; Paris France
- INSERM U1041, Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Département Immunologie; Paris France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Cellule Pasteur; Paris France
| | - Gilles Dadaglio
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer; Paris France
- INSERM U1041, Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Département Immunologie; Paris France
| | - Marine Oberkampf
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer; Paris France
- INSERM U1041, Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Département Immunologie; Paris France
| | - Selene Di Carlo
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Microenvironnement Et Immunité; Paris France
| | - Lucie Peduto
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Microenvironnement Et Immunité; Paris France
| | - Daphné Laubreton
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer; Paris France
- INSERM U1041, Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Département Immunologie; Paris France
| | - Belinda Desrues
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer; Paris France
- INSERM U1041, Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Département Immunologie; Paris France
| | - Cheng-Ming Sun
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer; Paris France
- INSERM U1041, Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Département Immunologie; Paris France
| | - Xavier Montagutelli
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique fonctionnelle de la souris; Paris France
| | - Claude Leclerc
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer; Paris France
- INSERM U1041, Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Département Immunologie; Paris France
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202
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Xue H, Lin F, Tan H, Zhu ZQ, Zhang ZY, Zhao L. Overrepresentation of IL-10-Expressing B Cells Suppresses Cytotoxic CD4+ T Cell Activity in HBV-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154815. [PMID: 27136203 PMCID: PMC4852942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cancer with poor prognosis and low five-year survival rate. A strong and effective CD4+ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity was associated with better survival and low recurrence rate in HCC, but the regulatory mechanism that controls CD4+ T cell cytotoxicity in HCC patients is not fully examined. Given that IL-10-expressing B cells could suppress the inflammation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, T helper 1 (Th1) cells and Th17 cells, while promoting regulatory T (Treg) cell differentiation, we examined the role of IL-10-expressing B cells in HBV-related HCC patients. We found that compared to healthy controls, HCC patients exhibited significantly higher frequencies of IL-10-expressing B cells, which were negatively correlated with the frequencies of granzyme A, granzyme B, and perforin expressing CD4+ T cells. Surface molecule Tim-1 was preferentially expressed on IL-10-expressing B cells. Therefore, we separated total B cells into Tim-1+ and Tim-1- B cells. CD4+ T cells incubated with Tim-1+ B cells exhibited significantly reduced levels of granzyme A, granzyme B and perforin expression, compared to the CD4+ T cells incubated with Tim-1- B cells. Antagonizing IL-10 in culture rescued CD4+ T cell cytotoxicity. Compared to that in peripheral blood, the level of IL-10-expressing B cells were further upregulated in resected tumor, while the level of CD4+ cytotoxic T cells was downregulated. The negative correlations between IL-10-expressing B cells and CD4+ cytotoxic T cells were also observed in tumor-infiltrating cells. Together, our data revealed an additional antitumor mechanism mediated by IL-10-expressing B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Xue
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Fuhuang Lin
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Hainan Province People’s Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570311, China
| | - Hongwu Tan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Linyi People’s Hospital, Shandong, 276000, China
| | - Zun-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Sixth People'‘s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhang-Yun Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Sixth People'‘s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ludong Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Linyi People’s Hospital, Shandong, 276000, China
- * E-mail:
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203
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Immune infiltrates in the breast cancer microenvironment: detection, characterization and clinical implication. Breast Cancer 2016; 24:3-15. [PMID: 27138387 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-016-0698-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although unlike melanoma, breast cancer is not generally viewed as a highly immunogenic cancer, recent studies have described a rich tumor immune microenvironment in a subset of breast cancers. These immune infiltrates, comprised cells from the innate and adaptive immune response, can be detected and characterized in biopsy specimens and have prognostic value. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) represent the majority of mononuclear immune infiltrates in the breast tumor microenvironment and can be easily identified in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues after standard hematoxylin and eosin staining. High levels of TILs are most common in HER2+ and basal-like subtypes where they are associated with good prognosis and with response to certain therapies such as the anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab. International collaborative efforts are underway to standardize the assessment of TILs so as to facilitate their implementation as a breast cancer biomarker. Using immunohistochemistry to further characterize TILs, recent reports describe the presence of important lymphocyte populations including CD8+ cytotoxic, FOXP3+ regulatory, and CD4+ helper and follicular T cells which have overlapping associations with prognosis and response to therapies. Moreover, recently identified immune checkpoint markers (PD-1, PD-L1) are present in some breast cancers, implying some cases might be especially amenable to immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment strategies which are being evaluated in a number of active clinical trials.
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204
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Tim-3 identifies exhausted follicular helper T cells in breast cancer patients. Immunobiology 2016; 221:986-93. [PMID: 27156907 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women worldwide. Although a series of treatment options have improved the overall 5-year survival rate to 90%, individual responses still vary from patient to patient. New evidence suggested that the infiltration of CXCL13-expressing CD4(+) follicular helper cells (Tfh) in breast tumor predicted better survival. Here, we examined the regulation of Tfh function in breast cancer patients in depth. We found that the frequencies of circulating Tfh cells were not altered in breast cancer patients compared to healthy controls. However, the expression of PD-1 and Tim-3 in Tfh cells was significantly elevated in breast cancer patients. Interestingly, we observed a preferential upregulation of PD-1 in Tim-3(+) Tfh cells compared to Tim-3(-) Tfh cells. Coexpression of PD-1 and Tim-3 is typically a hallmark of functional exhaustion in chronic virus infections and tumor. To examine whether Tim-3(+) identifies exhausted Tfh cells, we stimulated Tfh cells with anti-CD3/CD28, and found that Tim-3(+) T cells expressed reduced frequencies of chemokine CXCL13 and cytokine interleukin 21 (IL-21), and contained fewer proliferating cells, than Tim-3(-) Tfh cells. Compared to those cocultured with Tim-3(-) Tfh cells, naive B cells cocultured with Tim-3(+) Tfh cells resulted in significantly less IgM, IgG and IgA production after 12 day incubation, demonstrating a reduction in Tim-3(+) Tfh-mediated B cell help. Moreover, the frequencies of Tim-3(+) Tfh cells in resected breast tumor were further upregulated than autologous blood, suggesting a participation of Tim-3(+) Tfh cells in tumor physiology. Overall, the data presented here provided new insight in the regulation of Tfh cells in breast cancer patients.
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205
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Pitt JM, Marabelle A, Eggermont A, Soria JC, Kroemer G, Zitvogel L. Targeting the tumor microenvironment: removing obstruction to anticancer immune responses and immunotherapy. Ann Oncol 2016; 27:1482-92. [PMID: 27069014 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 711] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is an integral part of cancer. Recognition of the essential nature of the TME in cancer evolution has led to a shift from a tumor cell-centered view of cancer development to the concept of a complex tumor ecosystem that supports tumor growth and metastatic dissemination. Accordingly, novel targets within the TME have been uncovered that can help direct and improve the actions of various cancer therapies, notably immunotherapies that work by potentiating host antitumor immune responses. Here, we review the composition of the TME, how this attenuates immunosurveillance, and discuss existing and potential strategies aimed at targeting cellular and molecular TME components.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Pitt
- Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif INSERM Unit U1015, Villejuif Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif Cedex
| | - A Marabelle
- Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif INSERM Unit U1015, Villejuif INSERM Unit U981, Villejuif
| | - A Eggermont
- Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif
| | - J-C Soria
- Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre INSERM Unit U981, Villejuif Drug Development Department (DITEP), Villejuif
| | - G Kroemer
- INSERM U848, Villejuif Metabolomics Platform, GRCC, Villejuif Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U 1138, Paris Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Zitvogel
- Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif INSERM Unit U1015, Villejuif Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre INSERM Unit U932, Institut Curie, Paris Cedex 05 Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 507, Villejuif, France
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206
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Mishra S, Patel DD, Bansal DD, Kumar R. Semiquinone glucoside derivative provides protection against γ-radiation by modulation of immune response in murine model. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:478-488. [PMID: 25361477 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Present study was undertaken to evaluate radioprotective and immunomodulatory activities of a novel semiquinone glucoside derivative (SQGD) isolated from Bacillus sp. INM-1 in C57 BL/6 mice. Whole body survival study was performed to evaluate in vivo radioprotective efficacy of SQGD. To observe effect of SQGD on immunostimulation, Circulatory cytokine (i.e., interleukin-2 (IL-2), IFN-γ, IL-10, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) expression was analyzed in serum of irradiated and SQGD treated mice at different time intervals using ELISA assay. Results of the present investigation indicated that SQGD pre-treatment (-2 h) to lethally irradiated mice provide ∼ 83% whole body survival compared with irradiated mice where no survival was observed at 30(th) post irradiation day. Significant (p < 0.05) induction in IL-2 and IFN-γ expression was observed at all tested time intervals with SQGD pre-treated irradiated mice as compared with irradiated mice alone. However, sharp increase in IL-10 expression was observed in irradiated mice which were found to be subsidized in irradiated mice pre-treated with SQGD. Similarly, significant (p < 0.05%) induction in G-CSF, M-CSF and GM-CSF expression was observed in irradiated mice treated with SQGD as compared with irradiated control mice at tested time intervals. In conclusion, SQGD pre-treatment to irradiated mice enhanced expression of IL-12 and IFN-γ while down-regulated IL-10 expression and thus modulates cytoprotective pro-inflammatory TH1 type immune response in irradiated mice. Further, SQGD pre-treatment to irradiated mice accelerate G-CSF, GM-CSF and M-CSF expression suggesting improved haematopoiesis and enhanced cellular immune response in immuno-compromised irradiated mice that may contribute to in vivo radiation protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mishra
- Department of Radiation Biosciences, Radiation Biotechnology laboratory, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - D D Patel
- Department of Radiation Biosciences, Radiation Biotechnology laboratory, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - D D Bansal
- Department of Radiation Biosciences, Radiation Biotechnology laboratory, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - R Kumar
- Department of Radiation Biosciences, Radiation Biotechnology laboratory, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, 110054, India
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207
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van der Burg SH, Arens R, Ossendorp F, van Hall T, Melief CJM. Vaccines for established cancer: overcoming the challenges posed by immune evasion. Nat Rev Cancer 2016; 16:219-33. [PMID: 26965076 DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2016.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 497] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic vaccines preferentially stimulate T cells against tumour-specific epitopes that are created by DNA mutations or oncogenic viruses. In the setting of premalignant disease, carcinoma in situ or minimal residual disease, therapeutic vaccination can be clinically successful as monotherapy; however, in established cancers, therapeutic vaccines will require co-treatments to overcome immune evasion and to become fully effective. In this Review, we discuss the progress that has been made in overcoming immune evasion controlled by tumour cell-intrinsic factors and the tumour microenvironment. We summarize how therapeutic benefit can be maximized in patients with established cancers by improving vaccine design and by using vaccines to increase the effects of standard chemotherapies, to establish and/or maintain tumour-specific T cells that are re-energized by checkpoint blockade and other therapies, and to sustain the antitumour response of adoptively transferred T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramon Arens
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cornelis J M Melief
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
- ISA Pharmaceuticals, J. H. Oortweg 19, 2333 CH, Leiden, The Netherlands
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208
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A Lower Proportion of Regulatory B Cells in Patients with Henoch-Schoenlein Purpura Nephritis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152368. [PMID: 27030970 PMCID: PMC4816555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Henoch—Schoenlein purpura is the one of most common types of systemic vasculitis that involves impaired renal function and Henoch-Schoenlein purpura nephritis (HSPN). The diagnosis of this condition is largely based on immunohistologic detection of immunoglobulin A1-containing immune complex in the glomerular deposits of mesangium. Despite clinical advances, the etiopathogenesis of HSPN is still largely unknown. Methods In this study, we enrolled 25 newly diagnosed HSPN patients and 14 healthy controls. Then, fractions of B cell subtypes were determined in venous blood using flow cytometry. The serum interleukin (IL)-10 concentration was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Compared to those in healthy controls, the numbers of CD38+CD19+, CD86+CD19+, CD38+CD86+CD19+, and CD95+CD19+ B cells per microliter of blood were significantly higher in HSPN patients. In contrast, the numbers of CD5+CD19+, IL-10+CD19+, CD5+CD1d+CD19+, and IL-10+CD5+CD1d+CD19+ B cells per microliter of blood and the serum IL-10 concentration were significantly lower in HSPN patients. Following treatment, the numbers of CD38+CD19+ and CD86+CD19+ B cells per microliter of blood were significantly reduced in HSPN patients. However, the numbers of CD5+CD1d+CD19+, CD5+CD1d+IL-10+CD19+, and IL-10+CD19+ B cells per microliter of blood and the serum IL-10 concentration were significantly increased in HSPN patients following treatment. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was negatively correlated with the number of CD38+CD19+ B cells but positively correlated with the numbers of IL-10+CD19+, CD1d+CD5+CD19+, and IL-10+CD1d+CD5+CD19+B cells per microliter of blood and the serum IL-10 concentration. The 24-h urinary protein concentration was positively correlated with the number of CD38+CD19+B cells but negatively correlated with the numbers of IL-10+CD19+, CD1d+CD5+CD19+, and IL-10+CD1d+CD5+CD19+B cells per microliter of blood and the serum IL-10 concentration. Conclusion Our results suggest that CD38+CD19+ and CD1d+CD5+CD19+ B cells (Bregs) contribute to the pathogenesis of HSPN.
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209
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Domingues P, González-Tablas M, Otero Á, Pascual D, Miranda D, Ruiz L, Sousa P, Ciudad J, Gonçalves JM, Lopes MC, Orfao A, Tabernero MD. Tumor infiltrating immune cells in gliomas and meningiomas. Brain Behav Immun 2016. [PMID: 26216710 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating immune cells are part of a complex microenvironment that promotes and/or regulates tumor development and growth. Depending on the type of cells and their functional interactions, immune cells may play a key role in suppressing the tumor or in providing support for tumor growth, with relevant effects on patient behavior. In recent years, important advances have been achieved in the characterization of immune cell infiltrates in central nervous system (CNS) tumors, but their role in tumorigenesis and patient behavior still remain poorly understood. Overall, these studies have shown significant but variable levels of infiltration of CNS tumors by macrophage/microglial cells (TAM) and to a less extent also lymphocytes (particularly T-cells and NK cells, and less frequently also B-cells). Of note, TAM infiltrate gliomas at moderate numbers where they frequently show an immune suppressive phenotype and functional behavior; in contrast, infiltration by TAM may be very pronounced in meningiomas, particularly in cases that carry isolated monosomy 22, where the immune infiltrates also contain greater numbers of cytotoxic T and NK-cells associated with an enhanced anti-tumoral immune response. In line with this, the presence of regulatory T cells, is usually limited to a small fraction of all meningiomas, while frequently found in gliomas. Despite these differences between gliomas and meningiomas, both tumors show heterogeneous levels of infiltration by immune cells with variable functionality. In this review we summarize current knowledge about tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the two most common types of CNS tumors-gliomas and meningiomas-, as well as the role that such immune cells may play in the tumor microenvironment in controlling and/or promoting tumor development, growth and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Domingues
- Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Cancer Research (CIC-IBMCC; CSIC/USAL; IBSAL) and Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María González-Tablas
- Centre for Cancer Research (CIC-IBMCC; CSIC/USAL; IBSAL) and Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Álvaro Otero
- Neurosurgery Service of the University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Daniel Pascual
- Neurosurgery Service of the University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - David Miranda
- Neurosurgery Service of the University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Laura Ruiz
- Neurosurgery Service of the University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pablo Sousa
- Neurosurgery Service of the University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juana Ciudad
- Centre for Cancer Research (CIC-IBMCC; CSIC/USAL; IBSAL) and Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - María Celeste Lopes
- Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Centre for Cancer Research (CIC-IBMCC; CSIC/USAL; IBSAL) and Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Dolores Tabernero
- Centre for Cancer Research (CIC-IBMCC; CSIC/USAL; IBSAL) and Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Neurosurgery Service of the University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la salud de Castilla y León (IECSCYL-IBSAL) and Research Unit of the University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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210
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Xiao X, Lao XM, Chen MM, Liu RX, Wei Y, Ouyang FZ, Chen DP, Zhao XY, Zhao Q, Li XF, Liu CL, Zheng L, Kuang DM. PD-1hi Identifies a Novel Regulatory B-cell Population in Human Hepatoma That Promotes Disease Progression. Cancer Discov 2016; 6:546-59. [PMID: 26928313 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-15-1408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED B cells often constitute abundant cellular components in human tumors. Regulatory B cells that are functionally defined by their ability to produce IL10 downregulate inflammation and control T-cell immunity. Here, we identified a protumorigenic subset of B cells that constitutively expressed higher levels of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and constituted ∼10% of all B cells in advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). These PD-1(hi) B cells exhibited a unique CD5(hi)CD24(-/+)CD27(hi/+)CD38(dim) phenotype different from the phenotype of conventional CD24(hi)CD38(hi) peripheral regulatory B cells. TLR4-mediated BCL6 upregulation was crucial for PD-1(hi) B-cell induction by HCC environmental factors, and that effect was abolished by IL4-elicited STAT6 phosphorylation. Importantly, upon encountering PD-L1(+) cells or undergoing PD-1 triggering, PD-1(hi) B cells acquired regulatory functions that suppressed tumor-specific T-cell immunity and promoted cancer growth via IL10 signals. Our findings provide significant new insights for human cancer immunosuppression and anticancer therapies regarding PD-1/PD-L1. SIGNIFICANCE We identify a novel protumorigenic PD-1(hi) B-cell subset in human HCC that exhibits a phenotype distinct from that of peripheral regulatory B cells. TLR4-mediated BCL6 upregulation is critical for induction of PD-1(hi) B cells, which operate via IL10-dependent pathways upon interacting with PD-L1 to cause T-cell dysfunction and foster disease progression. Cancer Discov; 6(5); 546-59. ©2016 AACR.See related commentary by Ren et al., p. 477This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 461.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Ming Lao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-Min Chen
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui-Xian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang-Zhu Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Ping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiyi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan-Lu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Ming Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
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Quan H, Fang L, Pan H, Deng Z, Gao S, Liu O, Wang Y, Hu Y, Fang X, Yao Z, Guo F, Lu R, Xia K, Tang Z. An adaptive immune response driven by mature, antigen-experienced T and B cells within the microenvironment of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2016; 138:2952-62. [PMID: 26815146 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocyte infiltrates have been observed in the microenvironment of oral cancer; however, little is known about whether the immune response of the lymphocyte infiltrate affects tumor biology. For a deeper understanding of the role of the infiltrating-lymphocytes in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), we characterized the lymphocyte infiltrate repertoires and defined their features. Immunohistochemistry revealed considerable T and B cell infiltrates and lymphoid follicles with germinal center-like structures within the tumor microenvironment. Flow cytometry demonstrated that populations of antigen-experienced CD4+ and CD8+ cells were present, as well as an enrichment of regulatory T cells; and T cells expressing programmed death-1 (PD-1) and T cell Ig and mucin protein-3 (Tim-3), indicative of exhaustion, within the tumor microenvironment. Characterization of tumor-infiltrating B cells revealed clear evidence of antigen exposure, in that the cardinal features of an antigen-driven B cell response were present, including somatic mutation, clonal expansion, intraclonal variation and isotype switching. Collectively, our results point to an adaptive immune response occurring within the OSCC microenvironment, which may be sustained by the expression of specific antigens in the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, People's Republic of China.,Research Institution of Stomatology, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangjuan Fang
- Department of Immunobiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Pan
- Research Institution of Stomatology, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Deng
- Research Institution of Stomatology, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Gao
- Research Institution of Stomatology, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Ousheng Liu
- Research Institution of Stomatology, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehong Wang
- Research Institution of Stomatology, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjia Hu
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Fang
- Research Institution of Stomatology, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral Pathology, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruohuang Lu
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Third Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangui Tang
- Research Institution of Stomatology, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
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212
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Romero-Garcia S, Moreno-Altamirano MMB, Prado-Garcia H, Sánchez-García FJ. Lactate Contribution to the Tumor Microenvironment: Mechanisms, Effects on Immune Cells and Therapeutic Relevance. Front Immunol 2016; 7:52. [PMID: 26909082 PMCID: PMC4754406 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant transformation of cells leads to enhanced glucose uptake and the conversion of a larger fraction of pyruvate into lactate, even under normoxic conditions; this phenomenon of aerobic glycolysis is largely known as the Warburg effect. This metabolic reprograming serves to generate biosynthetic precursors, thus facilitating the survival of rapidly proliferating malignant cells. Extracellular lactate directs the metabolic reprograming of tumor cells, thereby serving as an additional selective pressure. Besides tumor cells, stromal cells are another source of lactate production in the tumor microenvironment, whose role in both tumor growth and the antitumor immune response is the subject of intense research. In this review, we provide an integral perspective of the relationship between lactate and the overall tumor microenvironment, from lactate structure to metabolic pathways for its synthesis, receptors, signaling pathways, lactate-producing cells, lactate-responding cells, and how all contribute to the tumor outcome. We discuss the role of lactate as an immunosuppressor molecule that contributes to tumor evasion and we explore the possibility of targeting lactate metabolism for cancer treatment, as well as of using lactate as a prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Romero-Garcia
- Chronic-Degenerative Department, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosio Villegas" , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - María Maximina B Moreno-Altamirano
- Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Heriberto Prado-Garcia
- Chronic-Degenerative Department, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosio Villegas" , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Francisco Javier Sánchez-García
- Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico
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213
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Lao XM, Liang YJ, Su YX, Zhang SE, Zhou XI, Liao GQ. Distribution and significance of interstitial fibrosis and stroma-infiltrating B cells in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:2027-2034. [PMID: 26998116 PMCID: PMC4774478 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and desmoplasia are frequently identified in the tumor microenvironment, and have been demonstrated to be effective modulators of malignant biological events. However, the mechanisms by which the inflammatory microenvironment and interstitial fibrosis interact with one another remain to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the degree of inflammation and interstitial fibrosis in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC), and how this acts to affect the outcome of TSCC. Tissue samples from 93 cases of TSCC and paired tumor-adjacent non-neoplastic tongue epithelium, as well as 14 cases of epithelial dysplasia, were used. Interstitial collagen fibers were assessed using Masson's trichrome stain. Immunohistochemical identification of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and stroma-infiltrating B cells was performed via detection of α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), vimentin, desmin and cluster of differentiation 19 (CD19). The clinicopathological significance and overall survival of the TSCC patients were statistically analyzed. Regularly distributed CAFs and CD19+ B cells were identified in the TSCC stroma, whereas no CAFs or CD19+ B cells were observed in epithelial dysplasia samples or paired tumor-adjacent non-neoplastic tongue epithelium samples. The distribution of interstitial collagen fibers and CAFs was closely associated with the tumor stage of the primary cancer, and high levels of CD19+ B cells together with low CAF infiltration were identified to be associated with favorable prognosis in TSCC. In conclusion, the inflammatory and interstitial fibrotic microenvironments coexist in TSCC, and each has specific effects on disease outcome, individually or perhaps collectively. However, it remains to be determined exactly how the microenvironments affect one another in TSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Lao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Jie Liang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Xiong Su
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Si-En Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - X I Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Qing Liao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
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214
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Ribas A, Shin DS, Zaretsky J, Frederiksen J, Cornish A, Avramis E, Seja E, Kivork C, Siebert J, Kaplan-Lefko P, Wang X, Chmielowski B, Glaspy JA, Tumeh PC, Chodon T, Pe'er D, Comin-Anduix B. PD-1 Blockade Expands Intratumoral Memory T Cells. Cancer Immunol Res 2016. [PMID: 26787823 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-15-0210.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor responses to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade therapy are mediated by T cells, which we characterized in 102 tumor biopsies obtained from 53 patients treated with pembrolizumab, an antibody to PD-1. Biopsies were dissociated, and single-cell infiltrates were analyzed by multicolor flow cytometry using two computational approaches to resolve the leukocyte phenotypes at the single-cell level. There was a statistically significant increase in the frequency of T cells in patients who responded to therapy. The frequency of intratumoral B cells and monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells significantly increased in patients' biopsies taken on treatment. The percentage of cells with a regulatory T-cell phenotype, monocytes, and natural killer cells did not change while on PD-1 blockade therapy. CD8(+) memory T cells were the most prominent phenotype that expanded intratumorally on therapy. However, the frequency of CD4(+) effector memory T cells significantly decreased on treatment, whereas CD4(+) effector T cells significantly increased in nonresponding tumors on therapy. In peripheral blood, an unusual population of blood cells expressing CD56 was detected in two patients with regressing melanoma. In conclusion, PD-1 blockade increases the frequency of T cells, B cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in tumors, with the CD8(+) effector memory T-cell subset being the major T-cell phenotype expanded in patients with a response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Ribas
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Division of Surgical-Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Daniel Sanghoon Shin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jesse Zaretsky
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Juliet Frederiksen
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andrew Cornish
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Earl Avramis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Elizabeth Seja
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christine Kivork
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Paula Kaplan-Lefko
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Healthy Services Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Bartosz Chmielowski
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - John A Glaspy
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Paul C Tumeh
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California. Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology. University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Thinle Chodon
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Dana Pe'er
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Begoña Comin-Anduix
- Division of Surgical-Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California.
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215
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Ribas A, Shin DS, Zaretsky J, Frederiksen J, Cornish A, Avramis E, Seja E, Kivork C, Siebert J, Kaplan-Lefko P, Wang X, Chmielowski B, Glaspy JA, Tumeh PC, Chodon T, Pe'er D, Comin-Anduix B. PD-1 Blockade Expands Intratumoral Memory T Cells. Cancer Immunol Res 2016; 4:194-203. [PMID: 26787823 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-15-0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor responses to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade therapy are mediated by T cells, which we characterized in 102 tumor biopsies obtained from 53 patients treated with pembrolizumab, an antibody to PD-1. Biopsies were dissociated, and single-cell infiltrates were analyzed by multicolor flow cytometry using two computational approaches to resolve the leukocyte phenotypes at the single-cell level. There was a statistically significant increase in the frequency of T cells in patients who responded to therapy. The frequency of intratumoral B cells and monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells significantly increased in patients' biopsies taken on treatment. The percentage of cells with a regulatory T-cell phenotype, monocytes, and natural killer cells did not change while on PD-1 blockade therapy. CD8(+) memory T cells were the most prominent phenotype that expanded intratumorally on therapy. However, the frequency of CD4(+) effector memory T cells significantly decreased on treatment, whereas CD4(+) effector T cells significantly increased in nonresponding tumors on therapy. In peripheral blood, an unusual population of blood cells expressing CD56 was detected in two patients with regressing melanoma. In conclusion, PD-1 blockade increases the frequency of T cells, B cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in tumors, with the CD8(+) effector memory T-cell subset being the major T-cell phenotype expanded in patients with a response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Ribas
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Division of Surgical-Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Daniel Sanghoon Shin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jesse Zaretsky
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Juliet Frederiksen
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andrew Cornish
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Earl Avramis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Elizabeth Seja
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christine Kivork
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Paula Kaplan-Lefko
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Healthy Services Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Bartosz Chmielowski
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - John A Glaspy
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Paul C Tumeh
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California. Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology. University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Thinle Chodon
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Dana Pe'er
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Begoña Comin-Anduix
- Division of Surgical-Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California.
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216
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Varn FS, Andrews EH, Mullins DW, Cheng C. Integrative analysis of breast cancer reveals prognostic haematopoietic activity and patient-specific immune response profiles. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10248. [PMID: 26725977 PMCID: PMC4725766 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional programmes active in haematopoietic cells enable a variety of functions including dedifferentiation, innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Understanding how these programmes function in the context of cancer can provide valuable insights into host immune response, cancer severity and potential therapy response. Here we present a method that uses the transcriptomes of over 200 murine haematopoietic cells, to infer the lineage-specific haematopoietic activity present in human breast tumours. Correlating this activity with patient survival and tumour purity reveals that the transcriptional programmes of many cell types influence patient prognosis and are found in environments of high lymphocytic infiltration. Collectively, these results allow for a detailed and personalized assessment of the patient immune response to a tumour. When combined with routinely collected patient biopsy genomic data, this method can enable a richer understanding of the complex interplay between the host immune system and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick S Varn
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Erik H Andrews
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - David W Mullins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03766, USA.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03766, USA
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03766, USA.,Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03766, USA
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217
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Regulatory B cells contribute to the impaired antitumor immunity in ovarian cancer patients. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:6581-8. [PMID: 26638169 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4538-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple factors in the tumor microenvironment were found to inhibit antitumor adaptive immune responses, allowing tumor persistence and growth. In this study, ascites from ovarian cancer patients were collected. We observed that a population of interleukin-10(+) B (IL-10(+) B) cells was preferentially enriched in the ascites. This population was associated with naive B cell phenotype or IgM or class-switched memory B cell phenotypes. The frequencies of IL-10(+) B cells were negatively correlated with the frequencies of interferon gamma-producing (IFN-g(+)) CD8(+) T cells and were positively correlated with the frequencies of Foxp3(+) CD4(+) T cells. To examine whether increased IL-10(+) B cells in ascites could directly result in increased suppression of IFN-g production by CD8(+) T cells, we cocultured CD8(+) T cells with autologous blood B cells or ascitic B cells and found that CD8(+) T cells cocultured with ascitic B cells demonstrated significantly suppressed IFN-g production. This suppression was in part mediated by IL-10 as well as low CD80/CD86 expression, since depletion of IL-10 and stimulation of CD28 partially reverted IL-10(+) B cell-mediated suppression. Together, these data demonstrated an additional regulatory mechanism in the tumor microenvironment, which utilizes IL-10(+) B cells.
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218
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Prognostic Value of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12609-015-0196-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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219
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Spinelli FM, Vitale DL, Demarchi G, Cristina C, Alaniz L. The immunological effect of hyaluronan in tumor angiogenesis. Clin Transl Immunology 2015; 4:e52. [PMID: 26719798 PMCID: PMC4685440 DOI: 10.1038/cti.2015.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between the immune system and angiogenesis has been described in several contexts, both in physiological and pathological conditions, as pregnancy and cancer. In fact, different types of immune cells, such as myeloid, macrophages and denditric cells, are able to modulate tumor neovascularization. On the other hand, tumor microenvironment also includes extracellular matrix components like hyaluronan, which has a deregulated synthesis in different tumors. Hyaluronan is a glycosaminoglycan, normally present in the extracellular matrix of tissues in continuous remodeling (embryogenesis or wound healing processes) and acts as an important modulator of cell behavior by different mechanisms, including angiogenesis. In this review, we discuss hyaluronan as a modulator of tumor angiogenesis, focusing in intracellular signaling mediated by its receptors expressed on different immune cells. Recent observations suggest that the immune system is an important component in tumoural angiogenesis. Therefore, immune modulation could have an impact in anti-angiogenic therapy as a new therapeutic strategy, which in turn might improve effectiveness of treatment in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella M Spinelli
- Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas (CIBA), CIT NOBA, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Pcia. de Bs. As. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNNOBA-CONICET), Junín, Pcia. Bs. As., Argentina
- Laboratory of Tumour Microenvironment, CIBA, Junín, Pcia. Bs. As., Argentina
| | - Daiana L Vitale
- Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas (CIBA), CIT NOBA, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Pcia. de Bs. As. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNNOBA-CONICET), Junín, Pcia. Bs. As., Argentina
- Laboratory of Tumour Microenvironment, CIBA, Junín, Pcia. Bs. As., Argentina
| | - Gianina Demarchi
- Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas (CIBA), CIT NOBA, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Pcia. de Bs. As. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNNOBA-CONICET), Junín, Pcia. Bs. As., Argentina
- Laboratory of Pituitary Physiopathology, CIBA, Junín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Cristina
- Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas (CIBA), CIT NOBA, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Pcia. de Bs. As. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNNOBA-CONICET), Junín, Pcia. Bs. As., Argentina
- Laboratory of Pituitary Physiopathology, CIBA, Junín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Alaniz
- Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas (CIBA), CIT NOBA, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Pcia. de Bs. As. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNNOBA-CONICET), Junín, Pcia. Bs. As., Argentina
- Laboratory of Tumour Microenvironment, CIBA, Junín, Pcia. Bs. As., Argentina
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220
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Au KK, Josahkian JA, Francis JA, Squire JA, Koti M. Current state of biomarkers in ovarian cancer prognosis. Future Oncol 2015; 11:3187-95. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer remains one of the most lethal malignancies in women. Despite recent advances in surgical and pharmaceutical therapies, survival rates remain poor. A major impediment in management of this disease, that continues to contribute to poor overall survival rates, is resistance to standard carboplatin-paclitaxel combination chemotherapies. In addition to tumor cell intrinsic mechanisms leading to drug resistance, there is increasing awareness of the crucial role of the tumor microenvironment in mediating natural immune defense mechanisms and selective pressures that appear to facilitate chemotherapy sensitivity. We provide an overview of some of the promising new genetic and immunological biomarkers in ovarian cancer and discuss their biology and their likely clinical utility in future ovarian cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina K Au
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 99 University Ave., Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Juliana A Josahkian
- Departments of Genetics & Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julie-Ann Francis
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Kingston General Hospital, 76 Stuart St, Kingston, ON, K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Jeremy A Squire
- Departments of Genetics & Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Madhuri Koti
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 99 University Ave., Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Kingston General Hospital, 76 Stuart St, Kingston, ON, K7L 2V7, Canada
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221
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Yeung HY, Lo PC, Ng DKP, Fong WP. Anti-tumor immunity of BAM-SiPc-mediated vascular photodynamic therapy in a BALB/c mouse model. Cell Mol Immunol 2015; 14:223-234. [PMID: 26388236 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2015.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, accumulating evidence from both animal and clinical studies has suggested that a sufficiently activated immune system may strongly augment various types of cancer treatment, including photodynamic therapy (PDT). Through the generation of reactive oxygen species, PDT eradicates tumors by triggering localized tumor damage and inducing anti-tumor immunity. As the major component of anti-tumor immunity, the involvement of a cell-mediated immune response in PDT has been well investigated in the past decade, whereas the role of humoral immunity has remained relatively unexplored. In the present investigation, using the photosensitizer BAM-SiPc and the CT26 tumor-bearing BALB/c mouse model, it was demonstrated that both cell-mediated and humoral adaptive immune components could be involved in PDT. With a vascular PDT (VPDT) regimen, BAM-SiPc could eradicate the tumors of ∼70% of tumor-bearing mice and trigger an anti-tumor immune response that could last for more than 1 year. An elevation of Th2 cytokines was detected ex vivo after VPDT, indicating the potential involvement of a humoral response. An analysis of serum from the VPDT-cured mice also revealed elevated levels of tumor-specific antibodies. Moreover, this serum could effectively hinder tumor growth and protect the mice against further re-challenge in a T-cell-dependent manner. Taken together, these results show that the humoral components induced after BAM-SiPc-VPDT could assist the development of anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hing-Yuen Yeung
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Pui-Chi Lo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dennis K P Ng
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Ping Fong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
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222
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Castino GF, Cortese N, Capretti G, Serio S, Di Caro G, Mineri R, Magrini E, Grizzi F, Cappello P, Novelli F, Spaggiari P, Roncalli M, Ridolfi C, Gavazzi F, Zerbi A, Allavena P, Marchesi F. Spatial distribution of B cells predicts prognosis in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1085147. [PMID: 27141376 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1085147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell responses are emerging as critical regulators of cancer progression. In this study, we investigated the role of B lymphocytes in the microenvironment of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), in a retrospective consecutive series of 104 PDAC patients and in PDAC preclinical models. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that B cells occupy two histologically distinct compartments in human PDAC, either scatteringly infiltrating (CD20-TILs), or organized in tertiary lymphoid tissue (CD20-TLT). Only when retained within TLT, high density of B cells predicted longer survival (median survival 16.9 mo CD20-TLThi vs. 10.7 mo CD20-TLTlo; p = 0.0085). Presence of B cells within TLT associated to a germinal center (GC) immune signature, correlated with CD8-TIL infiltration, and empowered their favorable prognostic value. Immunotherapeutic vaccination of spontaneously developing PDAC (KrasG12D-Pdx1-Cre) mice with α-enolase (ENO1) induced formation of TLT with active GCs and correlated with increased recruitment of T lymphocytes, suggesting induction of TLT as a strategy to favor mobilization of immune cells in PDAC. In contrast, in an implanted tumor model devoid of TLT, depletion of B cells with an anti-CD20 antibody reinstated an antitumor immune response. Our results highlight B cells as an essential element of the microenvironment of PDAC and identify their spatial organization as a key regulator of their antitumor function. A mindfully evaluation of B cells in human PDAC could represent a powerful prognostic tool to identify patients with distinct clinical behaviors and responses to immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nina Cortese
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Rozzano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Capretti
- Section of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Rozzano, Italy
| | - Simone Serio
- Operational Unit of Milano; Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Council and Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Rozzano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Caro
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Rozzano, Italy
| | - Rossana Mineri
- Molecular Biology Section, Clinical Investigation Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Rozzano, Italy
| | - Elena Magrini
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Rozzano, Italy
| | - Fabio Grizzi
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Rozzano, Italy
| | - Paola Cappello
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino and Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino , Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino and Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino , Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Spaggiari
- Department of Pathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Rozzano, Italy
| | - Massimo Roncalli
- Department of Pathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Rozzano, Italy
| | - Cristina Ridolfi
- Section of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Rozzano, Italy
| | - Francesca Gavazzi
- Section of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Rozzano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zerbi
- Section of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Rozzano, Italy
| | - Paola Allavena
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Rozzano, Italy
| | - Federica Marchesi
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
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223
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Ladányi A. Prognostic and predictive significance of immune cells infiltrating cutaneous melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2015; 28:490-500. [PMID: 25818762 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is shaped by interactions between malignant cells and host cells representing an integral component of solid tumors. Host cells, including elements of the innate and adaptive immune system, can exert both positive and negative effects on the outcome of the disease. In melanoma, studies on the prognostic impact of the lymphoid infiltrate in general, and that of T cells, yielded controversial results. According to our studies and data in the literature, a high peritumoral density of activated T cells, increased amount of B lymphocytes and mature dendritic cells (DCs) predicted longer survival, while intense infiltration by plasmacytoid DCs or neutrophil granulocytes could be associated with poor prognosis. Besides its prognostic value, evaluation of the components of immune infiltrate could provide biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of the treatment and disease outcome in patients treated with immunotherapy or other, non-immune-based modalities as chemo-, radio-, or targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ladányi
- Department of Surgical and Molecular Pathology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
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224
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Reed CM, Cresce ND, Mauldin IS, Slingluff CL, Olson WC. Vaccination with Melanoma Helper Peptides Induces Antibody Responses Associated with Improved Overall Survival. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:3879-87. [PMID: 25967144 PMCID: PMC4558239 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A melanoma vaccine incorporating six peptides designed to induce helper T-cell responses to melanoma antigens has induced Th1-dominant CD4(+) T-cell responses in most patients, and induced durable clinical responses or stable disease in 24% of evaluable patients. The present study tested whether this vaccine also induced antibody (Ab) responses to each peptide, and whether Ab responses were associated with T-cell responses and with clinical outcome. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Serum samples were studied from 35 patients with stage III-IV melanomas vaccinated with 6 melanoma helper peptides (6MHP). IgG Ab responses were measured by ELISA. Associations with immune response and overall survival were assessed by log-rank test and χ(2) analysis of Kaplan-Meier data. RESULTS Ab responses to 6MHP were detected by week 7 in 77% of patients, and increased to peak 6 weeks after the last vaccine and persisted to 6 months. Ab responses were induced most frequently to longer peptides. Of those with T-cell responses, 82% had early Ab responses. Survival was improved for patients with early Ab response (P = 0.0011) or with early T-cell response (P < 0.006), and was best for those with both Ab and T-cell responses (P = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS Vaccination with helper peptides induced both Ab responses and T-cell responses, associated with favorable clinical outcome. Such immune responses may predict favorable clinical outcome to guide combination immunotherapy. Further studies are warranted to understand mechanisms of interaction of these Abs, T-cell responses, and tumor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Reed
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Nicole D Cresce
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Ileana S Mauldin
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Craig L Slingluff
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Walter C Olson
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
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225
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Frishberg A, Steuerman Y, Gat-Viks I. CoD: inferring immune-cell quantities related to disease states. Bioinformatics 2015; 31:3961-9. [PMID: 26315914 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btv498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION The immune system comprises a complex network of genes, cells and tissues, coordinated through signaling pathways and cell-cell communications. However, the orchestrated role of the multiple immunological components in disease is still poorly understood. Classifications based on gene-expression data have revealed immune-related signaling pathways in various diseases, but how such pathways describe the immune cellular physiology remains largely unknown. RESULTS We identify alterations in cell quantities discriminating between disease states using ' Cell type of Disease' (CoD), a classification-based approach that relies on computational immune-cell decomposition in gene-expression datasets. CoD attains significantly higher accuracy than alternative state-of-the-art methods. Our approach is shown to recapitulate and extend previous knowledge acquired with experimental cell-quantification technologies. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that CoD can reveal disease-relevant cell types in an unbiased manner, potentially heralding improved diagnostics and treatment. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The software described in this article is available at http://www.csgi.tau.ac.il/CoD/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Frishberg
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Steuerman
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Irit Gat-Viks
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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226
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Gonzales JR. T- and B-cell subsets in periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 2015; 69:181-200. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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227
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Varela-Calviño R, Cordero OJ. Stem and immune cells in colorectal primary tumour: Number and function of subsets may diagnose metastasis. World J Immunol 2015; 5:68-77. [DOI: 10.5411/wji.v5.i2.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An important percentage of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients will develop metastasis, mainly in the liver, even after a successful curative resection. This leads to a very high mortality rate if metastasis is not detected early on. Disseminated cancer cells develop from metastatic stem cells (MetSCs). Recent knowledge has accumulated about these cells particularly in CRC, so they may now be tracked from the removed primary tumour. This approach could be especially important in prognosis of metastasis because it is becoming clear that metastasis does not particularly rely on testable driver mutations. Among the many traits supporting an epigenetic amplification of cell survival and self-renewal mechanisms of MetSCs, the role of many immune cell populations present in tumour tissues is becoming clear. The amount of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (T, B and natural killer cells), dendritic cells and some regulatory populations have already shown prognostic value or to be correlated with disease-free survival time, mainly in immunohistochemistry studies of unique cell populations. Parallel analyses of these immune cell populations together with MetSCs in the primary tumour of patients, with later follow-up data of the patients, will define the usefulness of specific combinations of both immune and MetSCs cell populations. It is expected that these combinations, together to different biomarkers in the form of an immune score, may predict future tumour recurrences, metastases and/or mortality in CRC. It will also support the future design of improved immunotherapeutic approaches against metastasis.
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228
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Woo S, Cha SW, Bonissone S, Na S, Tabb DL, Pevzner PA, Bafna V. Advanced Proteogenomic Analysis Reveals Multiple Peptide Mutations and Complex Immunoglobulin Peptides in Colon Cancer. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:3555-67. [PMID: 26139413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aiming toward an improved understanding of the regulation of proteins in cancer, recent studies from the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) have focused on analyzing cancer tissue using proteomic technologies and workflows. Although many proteogenomics approaches for the study of cancer samples have been proposed, serious methodological challenges remain, especially in the identification of multiple mutational variants or structural variations such as fusion gene events. In addition, although immune system genes play an important role in cancer, identification of IgG peptides remains challenging in proteomic data sets. Here, we describe an integrative proteogenomic method that extends the limit of proteogenomic searches to identify multiple variant peptides as well as immunoglobulin gene variations/rearrangements using customized mining of RNA-seq data. Our results also provide the first extensive characterization of tumor immune response and demonstrate the potential of this method to improve the molecular characterization of tumor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - David L Tabb
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37203, United States
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229
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Schlößer HA, Theurich S, Shimabukuro-Vornhagen A, Holtick U, Stippel DL, von Bergwelt-Baildon M. Overcoming tumor-mediated immunosuppression. Immunotherapy 2015; 6:973-88. [PMID: 25341119 DOI: 10.2217/imt.14.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of tumor-mediated immunosuppression have been described for several solid and hematological tumors. Tumors inhibit immune responses by attraction of immunosuppressive lymphocytic populations, secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines or expression of surface molecules, which inhibit immune responses by induction of anergy or apoptosis in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. This tumor-mediated immunosuppression represents a major obstacle to many immunotherapeutic or conventional therapeutic approaches. In this review we discuss how tumor-mediated immunosuppression interferes with different immunotherapeutic approaches and then give an overview of strategies to overcome it. Particular emphasis is placed on agents or approaches already transferred into clinical settings. Finally the success of immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting CTLA-4 or the PD-1 pathway highlights the enormous therapeutic potential of an effective overcoming of tumor-mediated immunosuppression.
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230
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An immature B cell population from peripheral blood serves as surrogate marker for monitoring tumor angiogenesis and anti-angiogenic therapy in mouse models. Angiogenesis 2015; 18:327-45. [PMID: 26021306 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-015-9470-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumor growth depends on the formation of new blood vessels (tumor angiogenesis) either from preexisting vessels or by the recruitment of bone marrow-derived cells. Despite encouraging results obtained with preclinical cancer models, the therapeutic targeting of tumor angiogenesis has thus far failed to deliver an enduring clinical response in cancer patients. One major obstacle for improving anti-angiogenic therapy is the lack of validated biomarkers, which allow patient stratification for suitable treatment and a rapid assessment of therapy response. Toward these goals, we have employed several mouse models of tumor angiogenesis to identify cell populations circulating in their blood that correlated with the extent of tumor angiogenesis and therapy response. Flow cytometry analyses of different combinations of cell surface markers that define subsets of bone marrow-derived cells were performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from tumor-bearing and healthy mice. We identified one cell population, CD45(dim)VEGFR1(-)CD31(low), that was increased in levels during active tumor angiogenesis in a variety of transgenic and syngeneic transplantation mouse models of cancer. Treatment with various anti-angiogenic drugs did not affect CD45(dim)VEGFR1(-)CD31(low) cells in healthy mice, whereas in tumor-bearing mice, a consistent reduction in their levels was observed. Gene expression profiling of CD45(dim)VEGFR1(-)CD31(low) cells characterized these cells as an immature B cell population. These immature B cells were then directly validated as surrogate marker for tumor angiogenesis and of pharmacologic responses to anti-angiogenic therapies in various mouse models of cancer.
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231
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Zhang Y, Gallastegui N, Rosenblatt JD. Regulatory B cells in anti-tumor immunity. Int Immunol 2015; 27:521-30. [PMID: 25999597 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxv034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in understanding of the immune microenvironment have highlighted the role of immunosuppressive T cell, myeloid, dendritic and monocytic sub-populations in inhibition of the anti-tumor immune response. The role of B cells in modulating the immune response to solid tumors as well as lymphoid malignancies is less well understood. Murine models of autoimmune disease have defined B regulatory cell (Breg) subsets with immune suppressive activity, including B cell subsets that express IL-10, and transforming growth factor-β, which can facilitate T regulatory cell recruitment and expansion. Multiple murine tumor models point to the existence of similar immune suppressive B cell sub-populations that can migrate into tumor deposits and acquire an immune suppressive phenotype, which then leads to attenuation of the local anti-tumor immune response. Other murine models of viral or chemically induced skin carcinogenesis have identified a pivotal role for B cells in promoting inflammation and carcinogenesis. While many human solid tumors demonstrate significant B cell infiltration and/or tertiary lymphoid structure formation, the functional properties of tumor-infiltrating B cells and their effects on immunity are poorly understood. Recent successes in early Phase I/II trials using anti-checkpoint inhibitor antibodies such as nivolumab or pidilizumab directed against PD-1 in the setting of Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas validate the therapeutic utility of reversing B cell-mediated immune suppression. Further studies to define Breg subsets, and mechanisms of suppression, may provide new avenues for modulation of the immune response and meaningful therapeutic intervention in both lymphoid and solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Nicolas Gallastegui
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Joseph D Rosenblatt
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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232
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Shimabukuro-Vornhagen A, Schlößer HA, Gryschok L, Malcher J, Wennhold K, Garcia-Marquez M, Herbold T, Neuhaus LS, Becker HJ, Fiedler A, Scherwitz P, Koslowsky T, Hake R, Stippel DL, Hölscher AH, Eidt S, Hallek M, Theurich S, von Bergwelt-Baildon MS. Characterization of tumor-associated B-cell subsets in patients with colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 5:4651-64. [PMID: 25026291 PMCID: PMC4148088 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: A precise understanding of the mechanisms by which human immune cell subsets affect tumor biology will be critical for successful treatment of cancer using immunotherapeutic approaches. Recent evidence suggests that B cells can both promote and inhibit the development and progression of tumors. The aim of this study was to characterize the composition of the B-cell infiltrates in colorectal cancers (CRC) in order to gain further insight into the role of B cells in CRC. Experimental Design: In this study we characterized B-cell subsets in primary tumors (n=38), metastases (n=6) and blood (n=46) of 51 patients with a diagnosis of CRC and blood of 10 healthy controls. B-cell subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry. Results: Peripheral blood of CRC patients contained a higher percentage of memory B cells than that of age-matched healthy controls. Furthermore, the percentage of B cells within tumors was higher than that in the peripheral blood of CRC patients while metastases were typically devoid of tumor-infiltrating B cells. Tumor-associated B cells were enriched for activated and terminally differentiated B cells. Relevant proportions of regulatory B cells could only be detected in advanced cancer and metastases. Conclusion: B cells constitute a significant proportion of the immune infiltrate in CRC. The B-cell infiltrate of primary CRC is characterized by an accumulation of terminally differentiated memory B cells or plasma cells suggestive of a specific immune response against the tumor. However advanced tumors and metastases are also infiltrated by a considerable number of regulatory B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Shimabukuro-Vornhagen
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, University of Cologne, Germany. Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. This authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Hans A Schlößer
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, University of Cologne, Germany. Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Germany. This authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Luise Gryschok
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Joke Malcher
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wennhold
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Till Herbold
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, University of Cologne, Germany. Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Laura S Neuhaus
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans J Becker
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne Fiedler
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Roland Hake
- Institute of Pathology, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dirk L Stippel
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Arnulf H Hölscher
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Eidt
- Institute of Pathology, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Hallek
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Theurich
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, University of Cologne, Germany. Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael S von Bergwelt-Baildon
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, University of Cologne, Germany. Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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233
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Intratumoral tertiary lymphoid organ is a favourable prognosticator in patients with pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1782-90. [PMID: 25942397 PMCID: PMC4647237 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Host immunity has critical roles in tumour surveillance. Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) are induced in various inflamed tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological and pathobiological characteristics of tumour microenvironment in pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDC) with TLOs. Methods: We examined 534 PDCs to investigate the clinicopathological impact of TLOs and their association with tumour-infiltrating immune cells, the cytokine milieu, and tissue characteristics. Results: There were two different localisations of PDC-associated TLOs, intratumoral and peritumoral. A better outcome was observed in patients with intratumoral TLOs, and this was independent of other survival factors. The PDC tissues with intratumoral TLOs showed significantly higher infiltration of T and B cells and lower infiltration of immunosuppressive cells, as well as significantly higher expression of Th1- and Th17-related genes. Tertiary lymphoid organs developed with an association with arterioles, venules, and nerves. These structures were reduced in an association with cancer invasion in PDC tissues, except for those with intratumoral TLOs. The PDC tissues with intratumoral TLOs had capillaries consisting of mature endothelial cells covered by pericytes. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the presence of intratumoral TLOs represents a microenvironment that has an active immune reaction, and shows a relatively intact vascular network retained.
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234
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Koti M, Siu A, Clément I, Bidarimath M, Turashvili G, Edwards A, Rahimi K, Mes-Masson AM, Masson AMM, Squire JA. A distinct pre-existing inflammatory tumour microenvironment is associated with chemotherapy resistance in high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1215-22. [PMID: 25826225 PMCID: PMC4385963 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chemotherapy resistance is a major determinant of poor overall survival rates in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC). We have previously shown that gene expression alterations affecting the NF-κB pathway characterise chemotherapy resistance in HGSC, suggesting that the regulation of an immune response may be associated with this phenotype. Methods: Given that intrinsic drug resistance pre-exists and is governed by both tumour and host factors, the current study was performed to examine the cross-talk between tumour inflammatory microenvironment and cancer cells, and their roles in mediating differential chemotherapy response in HGSC patients. Expression profiling of a panel of 184 inflammation-related genes was performed in 15 chemoresistant and 19 chemosensitive HGSC tumours using the NanoString nCounter platform. Results: A total of 11 significantly differentially expressed genes were found to distinguish the two groups. As STAT1 was the most significantly differentially expressed gene (P=0.003), we validated the expression of STAT1 protein by immunohistochemistry using an independent cohort of 183 (52 resistant and 131 sensitive) HGSC cases on a primary tumour tissue microarray. Relative expression levels were subjected to Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazard regression models. Conclusions: This study confirms that higher STAT1 expression is significantly associated with increased progression-free survival and that this protein together with other mediators of tumour–host microenvironment can be applied as a novel response predictive biomarker in HGSC. Furthermore, an overall underactive immune microenvironment suggests that the pre-existing state of the tumour immune microenvironment could determine response to chemotherapy in HGSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Koti
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - A Siu
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - I Clément
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada, Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0B9, Canada
| | - M Bidarimath
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - G Turashvili
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON K7L3N6, Canada
| | - A Edwards
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - K Rahimi
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | | | - A-M M Masson
- 1] Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada, Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0B9, Canada [2] Department of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - J A Squire
- Departments of Genetics and Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
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235
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Figenschau SL, Fismen S, Fenton KA, Fenton C, Mortensen ES. Tertiary lymphoid structures are associated with higher tumor grade in primary operable breast cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:101. [PMID: 25884667 PMCID: PMC4357183 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are highly organized immune cell aggregates that develop at sites of inflammation or infection in non-lymphoid organs. Despite the described role of inflammation in tumor progression, it is still unclear whether the process of lymphoid neogenesis and biological function of ectopic lymphoid tissue in tumors are beneficial or detrimental to tumor growth. In this study we analysed if TLS are found in human breast carcinomas and its association with clinicopathological parameters. Methods In a patient group (n = 290) who underwent primary surgery between 2011 and 2012 we assessed the interrelationship between the presence of TLS in breast tumors and clinicopathological factors. Prognostic factors were entered into a binary logistic regression model for identifying independent predictors for intratumoral TLS formation. Results There was a positive association between the grade of immune cell infiltration within the tumor and important prognostic parameters such as hormone receptor status, tumor grade and lymph node involvement. The majority of patients with high grade infiltration of immune cells had TLS positive tumors. In addition to the degree of immune cell infiltration, the presence of TLS was associated with organized immune cell aggregates, hormone receptor status and tumor grade. Tumors with histological grade 3 were the strongest predictor for the presence of TLS in a multivariate regression model. The model also predicted that the odds for having intratumoral TLS formation were ten times higher for patients with high grade of inflammation than low grade. Conclusions Human breast carcinomas frequently contain TLS and the presence of these structures is associated with aggressive forms of tumors. Locally generated immune response with potentially antitumor immunity may control tumorigenesis and metastasis. Thus, defining the role of TLS formation in breast carcinomas may lead to alternative therapeutic approaches targeting the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine L Figenschau
- RNA and Molecular Pathology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromso, N-9037, Tromso, Norway.
| | - Silje Fismen
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, N-9038, Tromso, Norway.
| | - Kristin A Fenton
- RNA and Molecular Pathology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromso, N-9037, Tromso, Norway.
| | - Christopher Fenton
- The Microarray Platform, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromso, N-9037, Tromso, Norway.
| | - Elin S Mortensen
- RNA and Molecular Pathology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromso, N-9037, Tromso, Norway. .,Department of Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, N-9038, Tromso, Norway.
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236
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Nelson BH. New insights into tumor immunity revealed by the unique genetic and genomic aspects of ovarian cancer. Curr Opin Immunol 2015; 33:93-100. [PMID: 25710852 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a challenging disease that nonetheless provokes brisk, prognostically favorable immune responses in many patients. The biology of ovarian cancer offers unique insights into the factors that engender protective tumor immunity. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) patterns range from CD8+ TIL alone to complex aggregates that additionally include CD4+ and CD20+ TIL. Patient survival rates increase in step with TIL complexity, suggesting cooperative interactions between these lymphocyte subsets. TIL are associated with high-grade serous histology and BRCA1 disruption; the latter may promote immunity through altered cytokine signaling, oxidative stress responses, or antigen expression. The ovarian tumor genome demonstrates extensive spatial and temporal heterogeneity, yet TIL exhibit relatively homogeneous spatial distributions that may reflect core properties of the tumor. In summary, ovarian cancer attracts the attention of the immune system in ways that create unique challenges and opportunities for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad H Nelson
- Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, British Columbia V8R 6V5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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237
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IRF5 is a novel regulator of CXCL13 expression in breast cancer that regulates CXCR5
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B‐ and T‐cell trafficking to tumor‐conditioned media. Immunol Cell Biol 2014; 93:486-99. [DOI: 10.1038/icb.2014.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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238
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Jeschke J, Collignon E, Fuks F. DNA methylome profiling beyond promoters - taking an epigenetic snapshot of the breast tumor microenvironment. FEBS J 2014; 282:1801-14. [PMID: 25331982 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer, one of the most common and deadliest malignancies in developed countries, is a remarkably heterogeneous disease, which is clinically reflected by patients who display similar pathological features but respond differently to treatments. In the search for mediators of responsiveness, the tumor microenvironment (TME), in particular tumor-associated immune cells, has been pushed into the spotlight as it has become clear that the TME is an active component of breast cancer disease that affects clinical outcomes. Thus, the characterization of the TME in terms of cell identities and their frequencies has generated a great deal of interest. The common methods currently used for this purpose are either limited in accuracy or application, and DNA methylation has recently been proposed as an alternative approach. The aim of this review is to discuss DNA methylation profiling beyond promoters as a potential clinical tool for TME characterization and cell typing within tumors. With respect to this, we review the role of DNA methylation in breast cancer and cell-lineage specification, as well as inform about the composition and clinical relevance of the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Jeschke
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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239
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Di Caro G, Marchesi F, Galdiero MR, Grizzi F. Immune mediators as potential diagnostic tools for colorectal cancer: from experimental rationale to early clinical evidence. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 14:387-99. [PMID: 24649823 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2014.900443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
At the tumor site, solid tumors recruit native and adaptive infiltrating cell subtypes with a unique pattern, varying according to the organ of origin and the stage of the disease, which contributes to the complexity of the cancer microenvironment. The recruitment and activation of immune cells depend on a plethora of soluble immune mediators, including cytokines and chemokines that have a critical role in the process of cancer onset and progression. In colorectal cancer, measurement of soluble immune mediators in the serum seems to reflect the specific inflammatory reaction at the tumor site, and thus they might serve in clinical practice to improve available colorectal cancer detection and screening strategies. Clinical translation of data from experimental models could lead to the earlier detection of colorectal cancer resulting in a decreased burden of metastatic disease. These models and the most promising candidates for immune-based serum screening tests in colorectal cancer are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Di Caro
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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240
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Panico L, Tenneriello V, Ronconi F, Lepore M, Cantore N, Dell’Angelo AC, Ferbo L, Ferrara F. High CD20+ background cells predict a favorable outcome in classical Hodgkin lymphoma and antagonize CD68+ macrophages. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 56:1636-42. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.951849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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241
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Kobayashi T, Hamaguchi Y, Hasegawa M, Fujimoto M, Takehara K, Matsushita T. B Cells Promote Tumor Immunity against B16F10 Melanoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:3120-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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242
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Theurich S, Schlaak M, Steguweit H, Heukamp LC, Wennhold K, Kurschat P, Rabenhorst A, Hartmann K, Schlösser H, Shimabukuro-Vornhagen A, Holtick U, Hallek M, Stadler R, von Bergwelt-Baildon M. Targeting Tumor-Infiltrating B Cells in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2014; 34:e110-6. [PMID: 25348001 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.50.9471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Max Schlaak
- University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Udo Holtick
- University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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243
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Linnebacher M, Maletzki C. Tumor-infiltrating B cells: The ignored players in tumor immunology. Oncoimmunology 2014; 1:1186-1188. [PMID: 23170274 PMCID: PMC3494640 DOI: 10.4161/onci.20641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
B cells infiltrating into solid tumors are poorly investigated despite their described positive prognostic value. Whether this antitumor potential comes from either the antigen presentation or the antibody production capacity of B cells, or both, is unknown. Our recently published method on tumor-infiltrating B lymphocyte cloning may prove helpful in unraveling the actual relevance of these cells for tumor development and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Linnebacher
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy; Department of General Surgery; University of Rostock; Rostock, Germany
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244
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Brown JR, Wimberly H, Lannin DR, Nixon C, Rimm DL, Bossuyt V. Multiplexed quantitative analysis of CD3, CD8, and CD20 predicts response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:5995-6005. [PMID: 25255793 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) have been associated with response to neoadjuvant therapy, measurement typically is subjective, semiquantitative, and unable to differentiate among subpopulations. Here, we describe a quantitative objective method for analyzing lymphocyte subpopulations and assessing their predictive value. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We developed a quantitative immunofluorescence assay to measure stromal expression of CD3, CD8, and CD20 on one slide. We validated this assay by comparison with flow cytometry on tonsil specimens and assessed predictive value in breast cancer on a neoadjuvant cohort (n = 95). Then, each marker was tested for prediction of pathologic complete response (pCR) compared with pathologist estimation of the percentage of lymphocyte infiltrate. RESULTS The lymphocyte percentage and CD3, CD8, and CD20 proportions were similar between flow cytometry and quantitative immunofluorescence on tonsil specimens. Pathologist TIL count predicted pCR [P = 0.043; OR, 4.77; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05-21.6] despite fair interobserver reproducibility (κ = 0.393). Stromal AQUA (automated quantitative analysis) scores for CD3 (P = 0.023; OR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.13-5.57), CD8 (P = 0.029; OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.08-3.72), and CD20 (P = 0.005; OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.19-2.72) predicted pCR in univariate analysis. CD20 AQUA score predicted pCR (P = 0.019; OR, 5.37; 95% CI, 1.32-21.8) independently of age, size, nuclear grade, nodal status, ER, PR, HER2, and Ki-67, whereas CD3, CD8, and pathologist estimation did not. CONCLUSIONS We have developed and validated an objective, quantitative assay measuring TILs in breast cancer. Although this work provides analytic validity, future larger studies will be required to prove clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Brown
- Department of Pathology, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hallie Wimberly
- Department of Pathology, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Donald R Lannin
- Department of Surgery, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Christian Nixon
- Department of Pathology, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - David L Rimm
- Department of Pathology, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, Connecticut.
| | - Veerle Bossuyt
- Department of Pathology, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, Connecticut
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245
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Modeling putative therapeutic implications of exosome exchange between tumor and immune cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E4165-74. [PMID: 25246552 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1416745111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of effective strategies to mobilize the immune system as a therapeutic modality in cancer necessitates a better understanding of the contribution of the tumor microenvironment to the complex interplay between cancer cells and the immune response. Recently, effort has been directed at unraveling the functional role of exosomes and their cargo of messengers in this interplay. Exosomes are small vesicles (30-200 nm) that mediate local and long-range communication through the horizontal transfer of information, such as combinations of proteins, mRNAs and microRNAs. Here, we develop a tractable theoretical framework to study the putative role of exosome-mediated cell-cell communication in the cancer-immunity interplay. We reduce the complex interplay into a generic model whose three components are cancer cells, dendritic cells (consisting of precursor, immature, and mature types), and killer cells (consisting of cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, effector B cells, and natural killer cells). The framework also incorporates the effects of exosome exchange on enhancement/reduction of cell maturation, proliferation, apoptosis, immune recognition, and activation/inhibition. We reveal tristability-possible existence of three cancer states: a low cancer load with intermediate immune level state, an intermediate cancer load with high immune level state, and a high cancer load with low immune-level state, and establish the corresponding effective landscape for the cancer-immunity network. We illustrate how the framework can contribute to the design and assessments of combination therapies.
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246
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Wirsing AM, Rikardsen OG, Steigen SE, Uhlin-Hansen L, Hadler-Olsen E. Characterisation and prognostic value of tertiary lymphoid structures in oral squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Clin Pathol 2014; 14:38. [PMID: 25177210 PMCID: PMC4148494 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6890-14-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinomas are often heavily infiltrated by immune cells. The organization of B-cells, follicular dendritic cells, T-cells and high-endothelial venules into structures termed tertiary lymphoid structures have been detected in various types of cancer, where their presence is found to predict favourable outcome. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the incidence of tertiary lymphoid structures in oral squamous cell carcinomas, and if present, analyse whether they were associated with clinical outcome. Methods Tumour samples from 80 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma were immunohistochemically stained for B-cells, follicular dendritic cells, T-cells, germinal centre B-cells and high-endothelial venules. Some samples were sectioned at multiple levels to assess whether the presence of tertiary lymphoid structures varied within the tumour. Results Tumour-associated tertiary lymphoid structures were detected in 21 % of the tumours and were associated with lower disease-specific death. The presence of tertiary lymphoid structures varied within different levels of a tissue block. Conclusions Tertiary lymphoid structure formation was found to be a positive prognostic factor for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Increased knowledge about tertiary lymphoid structure formation in oral squamous cell carcinoma might help to develop and guide immune-modulatory cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Wirsing
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø 9037, Norway
| | - Oddveig G Rikardsen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø 9037, Norway ; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø 9038, Norway
| | - Sonja E Steigen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø 9037, Norway ; Diagnostic Clinic - Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø 9038, Norway
| | - Lars Uhlin-Hansen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø 9037, Norway ; Diagnostic Clinic - Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø 9038, Norway
| | - Elin Hadler-Olsen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø 9037, Norway
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247
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Viry E, Paggetti J, Baginska J, Mgrditchian T, Berchem G, Moussay E, Janji B. Autophagy: an adaptive metabolic response to stress shaping the antitumor immunity. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 92:31-42. [PMID: 25044308 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Several environmental-associated stress conditions, including hypoxia, starvation, oxidative stress, fast growth and cell death suppression, modulate both cellular metabolism and autophagy to enable cancer cells to rapidly adapt to environmental stressors, maintain proliferation and evade therapies. It is now widely accepted that autophagy is essential to support cancer cell growth and metabolism and that metabolic reprogramming in cancer can also favor autophagy induction. Therefore, this complex interplay between autophagy and tumor cell metabolism will provide unique opportunities to identify new therapeutic targets. As the regulation of the autophagic activity is related to metabolism, it is important to elucidate the exact molecular mechanism which drives it and the functional consequence of its activation in the context of cancer therapy. In this review, we will summarize the role of autophagy in shaping the cellular response to an abnormal tumor microenvironment and discuss some recent results on the molecular mechanism by which autophagy plays such a role in the context of the anti-tumor immune response. We will also describe how autophagy activation can behave as a double-edged sword, by activating the immune response in some circumstances, and impairing the anti-tumor immunity in others. These findings imply that defining the precise context-specific role for autophagy in cancer is critical to guide autophagy-based therapeutics which are becoming key strategies to overcome tumor resistance to therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Viry
- Laboratory of Experimental Hemato-Oncology, Department of Oncology, Public Research Center for Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Jerome Paggetti
- Laboratory of Experimental Hemato-Oncology, Department of Oncology, Public Research Center for Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Joanna Baginska
- Laboratory of Experimental Hemato-Oncology, Department of Oncology, Public Research Center for Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Takouhie Mgrditchian
- Laboratory of Experimental Hemato-Oncology, Department of Oncology, Public Research Center for Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Guy Berchem
- Laboratory of Experimental Hemato-Oncology, Department of Oncology, Public Research Center for Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Etienne Moussay
- Laboratory of Experimental Hemato-Oncology, Department of Oncology, Public Research Center for Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Bassam Janji
- Laboratory of Experimental Hemato-Oncology, Department of Oncology, Public Research Center for Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.
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248
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Wallis SP, Stafford ND, Greenman J. Clinical relevance of immune parameters in the tumor microenvironment of head and neck cancers. Head Neck 2014; 37:449-59. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.23736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas D. Stafford
- Hull York Medical School, Daisy Laboratories, Castle Hill Hospital; Hull United Kingdom
| | - John Greenman
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull; Hull United Kingdom
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249
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Siliņa K, Rulle U, Kalniņa Z, Linē A. Manipulation of tumour-infiltrating B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures: a novel anti-cancer treatment avenue? Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014; 63:643-62. [PMID: 24695950 PMCID: PMC11029173 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-014-1544-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Combining different standard therapies with immunotherapy for the treatment of solid tumours has proven to yield a greater clinical benefit than when each is applied separately; however, the percentage of complete responses is still far from optimal, and there is an urgent need for improved treatment modalities. The latest literature data suggest that tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), previously shown to correlate with the severity of autoimmune diseases or transplant rejection, are also formed in tumours, have a significant beneficial effect on survival and might reflect the generation of an effective immune response in close proximity to the tumour. Thus, the facilitation of TLS formation in tumour stroma could provide novel means to improve the efficiency of immunotherapy and other standard therapies. However, little is known about the mechanisms regulating the formation of tumour-associated TLS. Studies of chronic inflammatory diseases and transplant rejection have demonstrated that TLS formation and/or function requires the presence of B cells. Additionally, the infiltration of B cells into the tumour stroma has been demonstrated to be a significant prognostic factor for improved survival in different human tumours. This suggests that B cells could play a beneficial role in anti-tumour immune response not only in the context of antibody production, antigen presentation and Th1-promoting cytokine production, but also TLS formation. This review focuses on the latest discoveries in tumour-infiltrating B cell functions, their role in TLS formation and relevance in human tumour control, revealing novel opportunities to improve cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karīna Siliņa
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1, Riga, 1067, Latvia,
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250
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Deng J, Yuan S, Pennati A, Murphy J, Wu JH, Lawson D, Galipeau J. Engineered fusokine GIFT4 licenses the ability of B cells to trigger a tumoricidal T-cell response. Cancer Res 2014; 74:4133-44. [PMID: 24938765 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Engineered chimeric cytokines can generate gain-of-function activity in immune cells. Here, we report potent antitumor activity for a novel fusion cytokine generated by N-terminal coupling of GM-CSF to IL4, generating a fusokine termed GIFT4. B cells treated with GIFT4 clustered GM-CSF and IL4 receptors on the cell surface and displayed a pan-STAT hyperphosphorylation associated with acquisition of a distinct phenotype and function described to date. In C57BL/6J mice, administration of GIFT4 expanded endogenous B cells and suppressed the growth of B16F0 melanoma cells. Furthermore, B16F0 melanoma cells engineered to secrete GIFT4 were rejected immunologically in a B-cell-dependent manner. This effect was abolished when GIFT4-expressing B16F0 cells were implanted in B-cell-deficient mice, confirming a B-cell-dependent antitumor effect. Human GIFT4-licensed B cells primed cytotoxic T cells and specifically killed melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our results demonstrated that GIFT4 could mediate expansion of B cells with potent antigen-specific effector function. GIFT4 may offer a novel immunotherapeutic tool and define a previously unrecognized potential for B cells in melanoma immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiusheng Deng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shala Yuan
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Andrea Pennati
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jordan Murphy
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jian Hui Wu
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Department of Oncology, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Lawson
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jacques Galipeau
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
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