251
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Hama S, Tamalampudi S, Yoshida A, Tamadani N, Kuratani N, Noda H, Fukuda H, Kondo A. Process engineering and optimization of glycerol separation in a packed-bed reactor for enzymatic biodiesel production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:10419-10424. [PMID: 21924607 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 08/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A process model for efficient glycerol separation during methanolysis in an enzymatic packed-bed reactor (PBR) was developed. A theoretical glycerol removal efficiency from the reaction mixture containing over 30% methyl esters was achieved at a high flow rate of 540 ml/h. To facilitate a stable operation of the PBR system, a batch reaction prior to continuous methanolysis was conducted using oils with different acid values and immobilized lipases pretreated with methyl esters. The reaction system successfully attained the methyl ester content of over 30% along with reduced viscosity and water content. Furthermore, to obtain a high methyl ester content above 96% continuously, long-term lipase stability was confirmed by operating a bench-scale PBR system for 550 h, in which the intermediates containing methyl esters and residual glycerides were fed into the enzyme-packed columns connected in series. Therefore, the developed process model is considered useful for industrial biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Hama
- Bio-energy Corporation, Research and Development Laboratory, 2-9-7 Minaminanamatsu, Amagasaki 660-0053, Japan
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252
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Kawakami K, Oda Y, Takahashi R. Application of a Burkholderia cepacia lipase-immobilized silica monolith to batch and continuous biodiesel production with a stoichiometric mixture of methanol and crude Jatropha oil. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2011; 4:42. [PMID: 22013896 PMCID: PMC3212898 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-4-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The enzymatic production of biodiesel through alcoholysis of triglycerides has become more attractive because it shows potential in overcoming the drawbacks of chemical processes. In this study, we investigate the production of biodiesel from crude, non-edible Jatropha oil and methanol to characterize Burkholderia cepacia lipase immobilized in an n-butyl-substituted hydrophobic silica monolith. We also evaluate the performance of a lipase-immobilized silica monolith bioreactor in the continuous production of biodiesel. RESULTS The Jatropha oil used contained 18% free fatty acids, which is problematic in a base-catalyzed process. In the lipase-catalyzed reaction, the presence of free fatty acids made the reaction mixture homogeneous and allowed bioconversion to proceed to 90% biodiesel yield after a 12 hour reaction time. The optimal molar ratio of methanol to oil was 3.3 to 3.5 parts methanol to one part oil, with water content of 0.6% (w/w). Further experiments revealed that B. cepacia lipase immobilized in hydrophobic silicates was sufficiently tolerant to methanol, and glycerol adsorbed on the support disturbed the reaction to some extent in the present reaction system. The continuous production of biodiesel was performed at steady state using a lipase-immobilized silica monolith bioreactor loaded with 1.67 g of lipase. The yield of 95% was reached at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/h, although the performance of the continuous bioreactor was somewhat below that predicted from the batch reactor. The bioreactor was operated successfully for almost 50 days with 80% retention of the initial yield. CONCLUSIONS The presence of free fatty acids originally contained in Jatropha oil improved the reaction efficiency of the biodiesel production. A combination of B. cepacia lipase and its immobilization support, n-butyl-substituted silica monolith, was effective in the production of biodiesel. This procedure is easily applicable to the design of a continuous flow-through bioreactor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koei Kawakami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Oda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ryo Takahashi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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253
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254
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Véras IC, Silva FAL, Ferrão-Gonzales AD, Moreau VH. One-step enzymatic production of fatty acid ethyl ester from high-acidity waste feedstocks in solvent-free media. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:9653-9658. [PMID: 21880484 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to demonstrate the enzymatic production of fatty acid ethyl ester biodiesel from highly acidic feedstock in a single-step reaction, without co-solvents and avoiding the inhibition of the enzyme by ethanol and glycerol. Additionally, an empirical equation is proposed to predict the kinetics of the production reaction as a function of the used feedstock and catalyst concentration. Biodiesel production from highly acidic feedstock perform via simultaneous esterification of free fatty acids and transesterification of triacylglycerols. Enzymatic catalysis is one of the most promising alternative technologies for the biodiesel production. Increasing of the enzymatic bioactivity is crucial for the success of such process in industrial scale. Currently, stepwise addition of the alcohol or the use of co-solvents have been proposed to avoid enzyme inhibition, such strategies add downstream processes to the production. These results can be applied to the development economical-viable enzymatic production of biodiesel in industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilvania C Véras
- Departamento de Biointeração - ICS - Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
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255
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Ko MJ, Park HJ, Hong SY, Yoo YJ. Continuous biodiesel production using in situ glycerol separation by membrane bioreactor system. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2011; 35:69-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-011-0604-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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256
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Taher H, Al-Zuhair S, Al-Marzouqi AH, Haik Y, Farid MM. A review of enzymatic transesterification of microalgal oil-based biodiesel using supercritical technology. Enzyme Res 2011; 2011:468292. [PMID: 21915372 PMCID: PMC3170906 DOI: 10.4061/2011/468292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiesel is considered a promising replacement to petroleum-derived diesel. Using oils extracted from agricultural crops competes with their use as food and cannot realistically satisfy the global demand of diesel-fuel requirements. On the other hand, microalgae, which have a much higher oil yield per hectare, compared to oil crops, appear to be a source that has the potential to completely replace fossil diesel. Microalgae oil extraction is a major step in the overall biodiesel production process. Recently, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO(2)) has been proposed to replace conventional solvent extraction techniques because it is nontoxic, nonhazardous, chemically stable, and inexpensive. It uses environmentally acceptable solvent, which can easily be separated from the products. In addition, the use of SC-CO(2) as a reaction media has also been proposed to eliminate the inhibition limitations that encounter biodiesel production reaction using immobilized enzyme as a catalyst. Furthermore, using SC-CO(2) allows easy separation of the product. In this paper, conventional biodiesel production with first generation feedstock, using chemical catalysts and solvent-extraction, is compared to new technologies with an emphasis on using microalgae, immobilized lipase, and SC-CO(2) as an extraction solvent and reaction media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanifa Taher
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, UAE University, Al-Ain 17555, United Arab Emirates
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257
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Design and control of biodiesel production processes with phase split and recycle in the reactor system. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2011.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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258
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Karimpil JJ, Melo J, D'Souza S. Hen egg white as a feeder protein for lipase immobilization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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259
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José C, Bonetto RD, Gambaro LA, Torres MDPG, Foresti ML, Ferreira ML, Briand LE. Investigation of the causes of deactivation–degradation of the commercial biocatalyst Novozym® 435 in ethanol and ethanol–aqueous media. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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260
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Continuous production of fatty acid methyl esters from corn oil in a supercritical carbon dioxide bioreactor. J Supercrit Fluids 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2011.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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261
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Mendes AA, Freitas L, de Carvalho AKF, de Oliveira PC, de Castro HF. Immobilization of a Commercial Lipase from Penicillium camembertii (Lipase G) by Different Strategies. Enzyme Res 2011; 2011:967239. [PMID: 21811674 PMCID: PMC3147009 DOI: 10.4061/2011/967239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to select the most suitable procedure to immobilize lipase from Penicillium camembertii (Lipase G). Different techniques and supports were evaluated, including physical adsorption on hydrophobic supports octyl-agarose, poly(hydroxybutyrate) and Amberlite resin XAD-4; ionic adsorption on the anionic exchange resin MANAE-agarose and covalent attachment on glyoxyl-agarose, MANAE-agarose cross-linked with glutaraldehyde, MANAE-agarose-glutaraldehyde, and epoxy-silica-polyvinyl alcohol composite. Among the tested protocols, the highest hydrolytic activity (128.2 ± 8.10 IU·g−1 of support) was achieved when the lipase was immobilized on epoxy-SiO2-PVA using hexane as coupling medium. Lipase immobilized by ionic adsorption on MANAE-agarose also gave satisfactory result, attaining 55.6 ± 2.60 IU·g−1 of support. In this procedure, the maximum loading of immobilized enzyme was 9.3 mg·g−1 of gel, and the highest activity (68.8 ± 2.70 IU·g−1 of support) was obtained when 20 mg of protein·g−1 was offered. Immobilization carried out in aqueous medium by physical adsorption on hydrophobic supports and covalent attachment on MANAE-agarose-glutaraldehyde and glyoxyl-agarose was shown to be unfeasible for Lipase G. Thermal stability tests revealed that the immobilized derivative on epoxy-SiO2-PVA composite using hexane as coupling medium had a slight higher thermal stability than the free lipase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano A Mendes
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis, Federal University of São João del Rei, P.O. Box 56, 35701-970 Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil
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262
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263
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Hama S, Tamalampudi S, Yoshida A, Tamadani N, Kuratani N, Noda H, Fukuda H, Kondo A. Enzymatic packed-bed reactor integrated with glycerol-separating system for solvent-free production of biodiesel fuel. Biochem Eng J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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264
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Simple and efficient immobilization of lipase B from Candida antarctica on porous styrene–divinylbenzene beads. Enzyme Microb Technol 2011; 49:72-8. [PMID: 22112274 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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265
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Wang X, Liu X, Zhao C, Ding Y, Xu P. Biodiesel production in packed-bed reactors using lipase-nanoparticle biocomposite. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:6352-5. [PMID: 21435865 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of appropriate reactors is crucial for the production of biodiesel. In this study, a packed-bed reactor system using lipase-Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticle biocomposite catalyst was successfully developed for biodiesel production based on soybean oil methanolysis. Emulsification before methanolysis improved the reaction rate. The lipase-nanoparticle biocomposite showed high activity and stability in the single-packed-bed reactor at an optimal flow rate (0.25 mL min(-1)). After 240 h of reaction, the conversion rate was sustained as high as 45%. The conversion rate and stability achieved using the four-packed-bed reactor were much higher than those achieved using the single-packed-bed reactor. The conversion of biodiesel was maintained at a high rate of over 88% for 192 h, and it only slightly declined to approximately 75% after 240 h of reaction. The packed-bed reactor system, therefore, has a great potential for achieving the design and operation of enzymatic biodiesel production on the industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
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266
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Aryee ANA, Phillip LE, Cue RI, Simpson BK. Identification and Quantitation of Reaction Intermediates and Residuals in Lipase-Catalyzed Transesterified Oils by HPLC. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 165:155-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9241-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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267
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Kim YW, Eom GT, Hong JS, Chung KW. Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters as Feedstocks for the Enzymatic Synthesis of Alkyl Methacrylates and Polystyrene-co-alkyl Methacrylates for use as Cold Flow Improvers in Diesel Fuels. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-011-1834-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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268
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Continuous enzymatic production of biodiesel from virgin and waste sunflower oil in supercritical carbon dioxide. J Supercrit Fluids 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2010.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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269
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Rodrigues RC, Ayub MAZ. Effects of the combined use of Thermomyces lanuginosus and Rhizomucor miehei lipases for the transesterification and hydrolysis of soybean oil. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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270
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Hernandez K, Garcia-Verdugo E, Porcar R, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Hydrolysis of triacetin catalyzed by immobilized lipases: effect of the immobilization protocol and experimental conditions on diacetin yield. Enzyme Microb Technol 2011; 48:510-7. [PMID: 22113024 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the immobilization protocol and some experimental conditions (pH value and presence of acetonitrile) on the regioselective hydrolysis of triacetin to diacetin catalyzed by lipases has been studied. Lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) and lipase from Rhizomucor miehei (RML) were immobilized on Sepabeads (commercial available macroporous acrylic supports) activated with glutaraldehyde (covalent immobilization) or octadecyl groups (adsorption via interfacial activation). All the biocatalysts accumulated diacetin. Covalently immobilized RML was more active towards rac-methyl mandelate than the adsorbed RML. However, this covalent RML preparation presented the lowest activity towards triacetin. For this reason, this preparation was discarded as biocatalyst for this reaction. At pH 7, acyl migration occurred giving a mixture of 1,2 and 1,3 diacetin, but at pH 5.5, only 1,2 diacetin was produced. Yields were improved at acidic pH values and in the presence of 20% acetonitrile (to over 95%). RML immobilized on octadecyl Sepabeads was proposed as optimal preparation, mainly due to its higher specific activity. Each enzyme preparation presented very different properties. Moreover, changes in the reaction conditions affected the various immobilized enzymes in a different way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Hernandez
- Departamento de Biocatalisis, Instituto de Catálisis-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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271
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Tret’yakov VF, Makarfi YI, Tret’yakov KV, Frantsuzova NA, Talyshinskii RM. The catalytic conversion of bioethanol to hydrocarbon fuel: A review and study. CATALYSIS IN INDUSTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s2070050410040161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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272
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Veras G, Gomes ADA, da Silva AC, de Brito ALB, de Almeida PBA, de Medeiros EP. Classification of biodiesel using NIR spectrometry and multivariate techniques. Talanta 2010; 83:565-8. [PMID: 21111175 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the classification of biodiesel samples using NIR spectroscopy and chemometric techniques. A total of 108 spectra of biodiesel samples were taken (being three samples each of four types of oil, cottonseed, sunflower, soybean and canola), from nine manufacturers. The measurements for each of the three samples were in the spectral region between 12,500 and 4000 cm(-1). The data were preprocessed by selecting a spectral range of 5000-4500 cm(-1), and then a Savitzky-Golay second-order polynomial was used with 21 data points to obtain second derivative spectra. Characterization of the biodiesel was done using chemometric models based on hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA) and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) elaborated for each group of biodiesel samples (cotton, sunflower, soybean and canola). For the HCA and PCA, the formation of clusters for each group of biodiesel was observed, and SIMCA models were built using 18 spectral measurements for each type of biodiesel (training set), and nine spectral measurements to construct a classification set (except for the canola oil which used eight spectra). The SIMCA classifications obtained 100% accurate identifications. Using this strategy, it was feasible to classify biodiesel quickly and nondestructively without the need for various analytical determinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germano Veras
- Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Departamento de Química, 58.429-500, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil.
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273
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Su E, Du L, Gong X, Wang P. Lipase-Catalyzed Irreversible Transesterification of Jatropha Curcas L. Seed Oil to Fatty Acid Esters: An Optimization Study. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-010-1726-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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274
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Sim JH, Kamaruddin AH, Bhatia S. The feasibility study of crude palm oil transesterification at 30 °C operation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2010; 101:8948-8954. [PMID: 20675129 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this research is to investigate the potential of transesterification of crude palm oil (CPO) to biodiesel at 30 degrees C. The mass transfer limitations problem crucial at 30 degrees C due to the viscosity of CPO has been addressed. The process parameters that are closely related to mass transfer effects like enzyme loading, agitation speed and reaction time were optimized. An optimum methanol to oil substrate molar ratio at 6.5:1 was observed and maintained throughout the experiments. The optimum operating condition for the transesterification process was found at 6.67 wt% of enzyme loading and at 150 rpm of agitation speed. The corresponding initial reaction and FAME yield obtained at 6 h were 89.29% FAME yield/hr and 85.01%, respectively. The 85% FAME yield obtained at 30 degrees C operation of CPO transesterification shows that the process is potentially feasible for the biodiesel synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Huey Sim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Seri Ampangan, Nibong Tebal, 14300 Penang, Malaysia
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275
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276
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A review of laboratory-scale research on lipid conversion to biodiesel with supercritical methanol (2001–2009). J Supercrit Fluids 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2010.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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277
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Guan F, Peng P, Wang G, Yin T, Peng Q, Huang J, Guan G, Li Y. Combination of two lipases more efficiently catalyzes methanolysis of soybean oil for biodiesel production in aqueous medium. Process Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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278
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Brask J, Damstrup ML, Nielsen PM, Holm HC, Maes J, De Greyt W. Combining Enzymatic Esterification with Conventional Alkaline Transesterification in an Integrated Biodiesel Process. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2010; 163:918-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-010-9095-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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279
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Continuous production of lipase-catalyzed biodiesel in a packed-bed reactor: optimization and enzyme reuse study. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2011. [PMID: 20936129 PMCID: PMC2948937 DOI: 10.1155/2011/950725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An optimal continuous production of biodiesel by methanolysis of soybean oil in a packed-bed reactor was developed using immobilized lipase (Novozym 435) as a catalyst in a tert-butanol solvent system. Response surface methodology (RSM) and Box-Behnken design were employed to evaluate the effects of reaction temperature, flow rate, and substrate molar ratio on the molar conversion of biodiesel. The results showed that flow rate and temperature have significant effects on the percentage of molar conversion. On the basis of ridge max analysis, the optimum conditions were as follows: flow rate 0.1 mL/min, temperature 52.1°C, and substrate molar ratio 1 : 4. The predicted and experimental values of molar conversion were 83.31 ± 2.07% and 82.81 ± .98%, respectively. Furthermore, the continuous process over 30 days showed no appreciable decrease in the molar conversion. The paper demonstrates the applicability of using immobilized lipase and a packed-bed reactor for continuous biodiesel synthesis.
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280
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Selection of CalB immobilization method to be used in continuous oil transesterification: analysis of the economical impact. Enzyme Microb Technol 2010; 48:61-70. [PMID: 22112772 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2010.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic transesterification of triglycerides in a continuous way is always a great challenge with a large field of applications for biodiesel, bio-lubricant, bio-surfactant, etc. productions. The lipase B from Candida antarctica (CalB) is the most appreciated enzyme because of its high activity and its non-regio-selectivity toward positions of fatty acid residues on glycerol backbone of triglycerides. Nevertheless, in the field of heterogeneous catalysis, we demonstrated that the medium hydrophilic nature of the support used for its commercial form (Lewatit VPOC1600) is a limitation. Glycerol is adsorbed onto support inducing drastic decrease in enzyme activity. Glycerol would form a hydrophilic layer around the enzyme resulting in diffusional limitations during triglyceride transfer to the enzyme. Accurel MP, a very hydrophobic macroporous polymer of propylene, was found not to adsorb glycerol. Immobilization conditions using this support were optimized. The best support was Accurel MP1001 (particle size<1000 μm) and a pre-treatment of the support with acetone instead of ethanol enables the adsorption rate and the immobilized enzyme quantity to be maximized. An economical approach (maximization of the process net present value) was expanded in order to explore the impact of immobilization on development of an industrial packed bed reactor. The crucial ratio between the quantity of lipase and the quantity of support, taking into account enzyme, support and equipped packed bed reactor costs was optimized in this sense. The biocatalyst cost was found as largely the main cost centre (2-10 times higher than the investments for the reactor vessel). In consequence, optimal conditions for immobilization were a compromise between this immobilization yield (90% of lipase immobilized), biocatalyst activity, reactor volume and total investments.
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Azócar L, Ciudad G, Heipieper HJ, Navia R. Biotechnological processes for biodiesel production using alternative oils. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 88:621-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2804-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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283
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Salum TFC, Villeneuve P, Barea B, Yamamoto CI, Côcco LC, Mitchell DA, Krieger N. Synthesis of biodiesel in column fixed-bed bioreactor using the fermented solid produced by Burkholderia cepacia LTEB11. Process Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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284
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Esterification Synthesis of Ethyl Oleate in Solvent-Free System Catalyzed by Lipase Membrane from Fermentation Broth. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2010; 163:102-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-010-9020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2010] [Revised: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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285
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Lennen RM, Braden DJ, West RA, Dumesic JA, Pfleger BF. A process for microbial hydrocarbon synthesis: Overproduction of fatty acids in Escherichia coli and catalytic conversion to alkanes. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 106:193-202. [PMID: 20073090 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of renewable alternatives to diesel and jet fuels is highly desirable for the heavy transportation sector, and would offer benefits over the production and use of short-chain alcohols for personal transportation. Here, we report the development of a metabolically engineered strain of Escherichia coli that overproduces medium-chain length fatty acids via three basic modifications: elimination of beta-oxidation, overexpression of the four subunits of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and expression of a plant acyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesterase from Umbellularia californica (BTE). The expression level of BTE was optimized by comparing fatty acid production from strains harboring BTE on plasmids with four different copy numbers. Expression of BTE from low copy number plasmids resulted in the highest fatty acid production. Up to a seven-fold increase in total fatty acid production was observed in engineered strains over a negative control strain (lacking beta-oxidation), with a composition dominated by C(12) and C(14) saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Next, a strategy for producing undecane via a combination of biotechnology and heterogeneous catalysis is demonstrated. Fatty acids were extracted from a culture of an overproducing strain into an alkane phase and fed to a Pd/C plug flow reactor, where the extracted fatty acids were decarboxylated into saturated alkanes. The result is an enriched alkane stream that can be recycled for continuous extractions. Complete conversion of C(12) fatty acids extracted from culture to alkanes has been demonstrated yielding a concentration of 0.44 g L(-1) (culture volume) undecane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Lennen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison Wisconsin, USA
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286
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Yu Y, Zheng Y, Quan J, Wu CY, Wang YJ, Branford-White C, Zhu LM. Enzymatic Synthesis of Feruloylated Lipids: Comparison of the Efficiency of Vinyl Ferulate and Ethyl Ferulate as Substrates. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-010-1636-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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287
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Effect of pretreatment by different organic solvents on esterification activity and conformation of immobilized Pseudomonas cepacia lipase. Process Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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288
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Rodrigues RC, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Lipase from Rhizomucor miehei as an industrial biocatalyst in chemical process. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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289
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Sim JH, Kamaruddin AH, Bhatia S. Biodiesel (FAME) Productivity, Catalytic Efficiency and Thermal Stability of Lipozyme TL IM for Crude Palm Oil Transesterification with Methanol. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-010-1593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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290
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Optimization of immobilization conditions of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase on styrene–divinylbenzene copolymer using response surface methodology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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291
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Ceni G, da Silva PC, Lerin L, Charin RM, Oliveira JV, Toniazzo G, Treichel H, Oestreicher EG, de Oliveira D. Enzyme-catalyzed production of 1-glyceryl benzoate in compressed n-butane. Enzyme Microb Technol 2010; 46:513-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2010.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2009] [Revised: 01/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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292
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Bisen PS, Sanodiya BS, Thakur GS, Baghel RK, Prasad GBKS. Biodiesel production with special emphasis on lipase-catalyzed transesterification. Biotechnol Lett 2010; 32:1019-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-010-0275-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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293
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294
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Yu D, Tian L, Wu H, Wang S, Wang Y, Ma D, Fang X. Ultrasonic irradiation with vibration for biodiesel production from soybean oil by Novozym 435. Process Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2009.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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295
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Talukder MMR, Wu JC, Fen NM, Melissa YLS. Two-step lipase catalysis for production of biodiesel. Biochem Eng J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2009.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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296
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Electrospun PVA fibrous mats immobilizing lipase entrapped in alkylsilicate cages: Application to continuous production of fatty acid butyl ester. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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297
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Garlapati VK, Banerjee R. Evolutionary and swarm intelligence-based approaches for optimization of lipase extraction from fermented broth. Eng Life Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.200900086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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298
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Salis A, Casula M, Bhattacharyya M, Pinna M, Solinas V, Monduzzi M. Physical and Chemical Lipase Adsorption on SBA-15: Effect of Different Interactions on Enzyme Loading and Catalytic Performance. ChemCatChem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.200900288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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299
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Bajaj A, Lohan P, Jha PN, Mehrotra R. Biodiesel production through lipase catalyzed transesterification: An overview. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2009.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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