251
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Chen Y, Xu J, Zhou L, Zheng Y. The time course of incentive processing in anticipatory and consummatory anhedonia. J Affect Disord 2018; 238:442-450. [PMID: 29913381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anhedonia, the reduced capacity to experience pleasure, has long been regarded as a cardinal symptom in depression and schizophrenia. Recent evidence highlights that anhedonia is not a single construct but consists of an anticipatory component and a consummatory component, which is captured by the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS). The current event-related potential study examined the electrophysiological underpinnings of anticipatory and consummatory aspects of anhedonia as assessed by the TEPS in a non-clinical sample. METHODS EEG was recorded during both anticipatory and consummatory phases of incentive processing in an anticipatory-anhedonia (ANT) group, a consummatory-anhedonia (CON) group, and a control (CNT) group selected from a large sample based on their TEPS scores. RESULTS The ANT relative to the CON group exhibited a reduced cue-P3 during the anticipatory phase, a less positive feedback-related negativity (FRN) and a blunted feedback P3 (fb-P3) during the consummatory phase. Moreover, correlation results revealed a dissociation between anticipatory and consummatory anhedonia, which occurred in an unexpected way such that higher levels of anticipatory anhedonia were associated with reduced fb-P3 amplitudes whereas higher levels of consummatory anhedonia with enhanced cue-P3 and FRN amplitudes. LIMITATION The sample size for each group was relatively small. CONCLUSIONS Anticipatory and consummatory anhedonia as measured by the TEPS might be driven by abnormal motivational salience, which was represented by the cue-P3 during the anticipatory phase and the FRN and fb-P3 during the consummatory phase of incentive processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youmei Chen
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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252
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Evaluating anhedonia in the activity-based anorexia (ABA) rat model. Physiol Behav 2018; 194:324-332. [PMID: 29913226 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Patients suffering anorexia nervosa (AN) become anhedonic, in other words, unable or unwilling to derive normal pleasures and avoid rewarding outcomes, most profoundly in food intake. The neurobiological underpinnings of anhedonia are likely to involve mesolimbic reward circuitry. We propose here that this circuitry and its involvement in AN can be investigated using the activity-based anorexia (ABA) rodent model that recapitulates many of the characteristics of the human condition, most notably rapid weight loss. Preference for sweetened water was used to assay hedonic processing in female Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to the ABA protocol, which involves free access to running wheels paired with time-limited access to food. This protocol uncovered a transient anhedonia in only one quarter of cases; however, exposure to running wheels alone was associated with a rapid aversion to sweetened water (F1.833, 20.17 = 78.29, p < .0001), and time-limited food access alone did not impact preference (F2.205, 24.25 = 0.305, p = .761). High levels of running wheel activity prior to the onset of food restriction increased susceptibility to body weight loss in ABA (F10,196.129 = 2.069, p = .029) and food anticipatory activity predicted subsequent food intake only for rats that were resistant to body weight loss (r = 0.44, p = .001). These data are inconsistent with the hypothesis that anhedonia underscores the precipitous weight loss in ABA, however, they highlight the predictive nature of hyperactivity in susceptibility to the ABA paradigm. These results will help inform the neurobiological framework of ABA and provide insight into the mechanisms of reward relevant to feeding and weight loss.
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253
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Shen F, Qi K, Duan Y, Li Y, Liang J, Meng X, Li M, Sui N. Differential effects of clomipramine on depression-like behaviors induced by the chronic social defeat paradigm in tree shrews. J Psychopharmacol 2018; 32:1141-1149. [PMID: 30182783 DOI: 10.1177/0269881118793560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anhedonia is a hallmark symptom in major depression that reflects deficits in hedonic capacity and it is also linked to motivation for reward. However, studies of the features of motivation in depressed tree shrews are rather sparse. AIMS The study aimed to investigate the core feature of depression including lack of interest, motivation reduction, and social avoidance in tree shrews. Furthermore, the effects of the treatment using clomipramine on these depression-like behaviors were assessed. METHODS The paradigm of chronic social defeat in tree shrews was used to evaluate the core feature of depression through examining their sucrose preference, break-point for reward, and social interaction. RESULTS The results showed that social defeat lowered the curves of the sucrose preference and the break-point, as well as decreased social interaction. The results suggested that the subordinate animals exhibited interest loss, motivational reduction, and social avoidance. After oral treatment with clomipramine (50 mg/kg/day) for four weeks, most of the depression-like behaviors were reversed, whereas the motivational reduction was not clearly affected. Notably, the motivational reduction appeared obviously during the first week after the social defeat, and the conventional tricyclic antidepressant clomipramine did not reverse the reduced motivation. CONCLUSIONS These findings imply that motivational variation might be applied as a more sensitive behavioral index in subordinate animals and could furthermore be used to evaluate potential agents as antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Shen
- 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,2 Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Keke Qi
- 3 Department of Philosophy, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Duan
- 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,2 Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghui Li
- 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,2 Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liang
- 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,2 Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Meng
- 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,2 Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- 4 Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA
| | - Nan Sui
- 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,2 Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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254
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Scheggi S, De Montis MG, Gambarana C. Making Sense of Rodent Models of Anhedonia. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 21:1049-1065. [PMID: 30239762 PMCID: PMC6209858 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyy083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A markedly reduced interest or pleasure in activities previously considered pleasurable is a main symptom in mood disorder and psychosis and is often present in other psychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. This condition can be labeled as "anhedonia," although in its most rigorous connotation the term refers to the lost capacity to feel pleasure that is one aspect of the complex phenomenon of processing and responding to reward. The responses to rewarding stimuli are relatively easy to study in rodents, and the experimental conditions that consistently and persistently impair these responses are used to model anhedonia. To this end, long-term exposure to environmental aversive conditions is primarily used, and the resulting deficits in reward responses are often accompanied by other deficits that are mainly reminiscent of clinical depressive symptoms. The different components of impaired reward responses induced by environmental aversive events can be assessed by different tests or protocols that require different degrees of time allocation, technical resources, and equipment. Rodent models of anhedonia are valuable tools in the study of the neurobiological mechanisms underpinning impaired behavioral responses and in the screening and characterization of drugs that may reverse these behavioral deficits. In particular, the antianhedonic or promotivational effects are relevant features in the spectrum of activities of drugs used in mood disorders or psychosis. Thus, more than the model, it is the choice of tests that is crucial since it influences which facets of anhedonia will be detected and should be tuned to the purpose of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Scheggi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena
| | | | - Carla Gambarana
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena,Correspondence: Carla Gambarana, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2 – 53100 Siena, Italy ()
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255
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Höflich A, Michenthaler P, Kasper S, Lanzenberger R. Circuit Mechanisms of Reward, Anhedonia, and Depression. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 22:105-118. [PMID: 30239748 PMCID: PMC6368373 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyy081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleasure and motivation are important factors for goal-directed behavior and well-being in both animals and humans. Intact hedonic capacity requires an undisturbed interplay between a number of different brain regions and transmitter systems. Concordantly, dysfunction of networks encoding for reward have been shown in depression and other psychiatric disorders. The development of technological possibilities to investigate connectivity on a functional level in humans and to directly influence networks in animals using optogenetics among other techniques has provided new important insights in this field of research.In this review, we aim to provide an overview on the neurobiological substrates of anhedonia on a network level. For this purpose, definition of anhedonia and the involved reward components are described first, then current data on reward networks in healthy individuals and in depressed patients are summarized, and the roles of different neurotransmitter systems involved in reward processing are specified. Based on this information, the impact of different therapeutic approaches on reward processing is described with a particular focus on deep brain stimulation (DBS) as a possibility for a direct modulation of human brain structures in vivo.Overall, results of current studies emphasize the importance of anhedonia in psychiatric disorders and the relevance of targeting this phenotype for a successful psychiatric treatment. However, more data incorporating these results for the refinement of methodological approaches are needed to be able to develop individually tailored therapeutic concepts based on both clinical and neurobiological profiles of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Höflich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Michenthaler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria,Correspondence: Rupert Lanzenberger, MD, PD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria ()
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256
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Spirou A, Liu PP, Natsheh JY, Neuteboom E, Dobryakova E. Neural Correlates of Outcome Anticipation in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2018; 9:572. [PMID: 30140247 PMCID: PMC6094992 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Outcome anticipation is not only a mental preparation for upcoming consequences, but also an essential component of learning and decision-making. Thus, anticipation of consequences is a key process in everyday functioning. The striatum and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex are among the key regions that have been shown to be involved in outcome anticipation. However, while structural abnormalities of these regions as well as altered decision-making have been noted in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), neural correlates of outcome anticipation have not been explored in this population. Thus, we examined the neural correlates of outcome anticipation in MS by analyzing brain activation in individuals with MS while they performed a modified version of a card-guessing task. Seventeen MS and 13 healthy controls performed the task while functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was obtained. To achieve maximal anticipatory response and prevent the possibility of differential performance on the task, participants were presented with monetary rewards only on 50% of the trials. While replicating previous evidence of structural abnormalities of the striatum in MS, our results further showed that individuals with MS exhibited greater activation in the putamen, right hippocampus, and posterior cingulate cortex during outcome anticipation compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, even though there was no strategy that participants could learn in order to predict outcomes, 76% of participants with MS indicated that they used strategies while performing the task. We thus propose that the increased neural activation observed in MS during outcome anticipation might be explained by a failure in recognizing the lack of regularity in the task structure that could result in using strategies to perform the task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Spirou
- Traumatic Brain Injury Research, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ, United States
| | - Pei-Pei Liu
- Traumatic Brain Injury Research, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ, United States.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Joman Y Natsheh
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States.,Neuropsychology and Neuroscience Research, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ, United States
| | - Eliane Neuteboom
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ekaterina Dobryakova
- Traumatic Brain Injury Research, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ, United States.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
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257
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Martis LS, Brision C, Holmes MC, Wiborg O. Resilient and depressive-like rats show distinct cognitive impairments in the touchscreen paired-associates learning (PAL) task. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 155:287-296. [PMID: 30138691 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Depression-associated cognitive impairments persist after remission from affective symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD), decreasing quality of life and increasing risk of relapse in patients. Conventional antidepressants are ineffective in restoring cognitive functions. Therefore, novel antidepressants with improved efficacy for ameliorating cognitive symptoms are required. For tailoring such antidepressants, translational animal models are in demand. The chronic mild stress (CMS) model is a well-validated preclinical model of depression and known for eliciting the MDD core symptom "anhedonia" in stress-susceptible rats. Thus, cognitive performance was assessed in rats susceptible (depressive-like) or resilient to CMS and in unchallenged controls. The rodent analogue of the human touchscreen Paired-Associates Learning (PAL) task was used for cognitive assessment. Both stress groups exhibited a lack of response inhibition compared to controls while only the depressive-like group was impaired in task acquisition. The results indicate that cognitive deficits specifically associate with the anhedonic-like state rather than being a general consequence of stress exposure. Hence, we propose that the application of a translational touchscreen task on the etiologically valid CMS model, displaying depression-associated cognitive impairments, provides a novel platform for pro-cognitive and clinically pertinent antidepressant drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena-Sophie Martis
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Brision
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Megan C Holmes
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ove Wiborg
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark.
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258
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Freed RD, Mehra LM, Laor D, Patel M, Alonso CM, Kim-Schulze S, Gabbay V. Anhedonia as a clinical correlate of inflammation in adolescents across psychiatric conditions. World J Biol Psychiatry 2018; 20:712-722. [PMID: 29843560 PMCID: PMC6377856 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2018.1482000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Peripheral inflammation has been associated with multiple psychiatric disorders, particularly with depression. However, findings remain inconsistent and unreproducible, most likely due to the disorder's heterogeneity in phenotypic presentation. Therefore, in the present study, in an effort to account for inter-individual differences in symptom severity, we utilised a dimensional approach to assess the relationships between a broad panel of inflammatory cytokines and key psychiatric symptoms (i.e. depression, anhedonia, anxiety, fatigue and suicidality) in adolescents across psychiatric disorders. We hypothesised that only anhedonia (reflecting deficits of reward function) will be associated with inflammation.Methods: Participants were 54 psychotropic medication-free adolescents with diverse psychiatric conditions and 22 healthy control (HC) adolescents, aged 12-20. We measured 41 cytokines after in vitro lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Mann-Whitney U and Spearman correlation tests examined group comparison and associations, respectively, while accounting for multiple comparisons and confounds, including depression severity adolescent.Results: There were no group differences in cytokine levels. However, as hypothesised, within the psychiatric group, only anhedonia was associated with 19 cytokines, including haematopoietic growth factors, chemokines, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and anti-inflammatory cytokines.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that general inflammation may induce reward dysfunction, which plays a salient role across psychiatric conditions, rather than be specific to one categorical psychiatric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D. Freed
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY
| | - Lushna M. Mehra
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY
| | - Daniel Laor
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY
| | - Manishkumar Patel
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY
| | - Carmen M. Alonso
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY
| | | | - Vilma Gabbay
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY,Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd, Orangeburg, NY
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259
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Liu RT, Burke TA, Abramson LY, Alloy LB. The Behavioral Approach System (BAS) Model of Vulnerability to Bipolar Disorder: Evidence of a Continuum in BAS Sensitivity across Adolescence. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 46:1333-1349. [PMID: 29101589 PMCID: PMC5934343 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-017-0363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral Approach System (BAS) sensitivity has been implicated in the development of a variety of different psychiatric disorders. Prominent among these in the empirical literature are bipolar spectrum disorders (BSDs). Given that adolescence represents a critical developmental stage of risk for the onset of BSDs, it is important to clarify the latent structure of BAS sensitivity in this period of development. A statistical approach especially well-suited for delineating the latent structure of BAS sensitivity is taxometric analysis, which is designed to evaluate whether the latent structure of a construct is taxonic (i.e., categorical) or dimensional (i.e., continuous) in nature. The current study applied three mathematically non-redundant taxometric procedures (i.e., MAMBAC, MAXEIG, and L-Mode) to a large community sample of adolescents (n = 12,494) who completed two separate measures of BAS sensitivity: the BIS/BAS Scales Carver and White (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 319-333. 1994) and the Sensitivity to Reward and Sensitivity to Punishment Questionnaire (Torrubia et al. Personality and Individual Differences, 31, 837-862. 2001). Given the significant developmental changes in reward sensitivity that occur across adolescence, the current investigation aimed to provide a fine-grained evaluation of the data by performing taxometric analyses at an age-by-age level (14-19 years; n for each age ≥ 883). Results derived from taxometric procedures, across all ages tested, were highly consistent, providing strong evidence that BAS sensitivity is best conceptualized as dimensional in nature. Thus, the findings suggest that BAS-related vulnerability to BSDs exists along a continuum of severity, with no natural cut-point qualitatively differentiating high- and low-risk adolescents. Clinical and research implications for the assessment of BSD-related vulnerability are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Bradley Hospital, 1011 Veterans Memorial Parkway, East Providence, RI, 02915, USA.
| | - Taylor A Burke
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Lyn Y Abramson
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lauren B Alloy
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
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260
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Abstract
Apathy and anhedonia are common syndromes of motivation that are associated with a wide range of brain disorders and have no established therapies. Research using animal models suggests that a useful framework for understanding motivated behaviour lies in effort-based decision making for reward. The neurobiological mechanisms underpinning such decisions have now begun to be determined in individuals with apathy or anhedonia, providing an important foundation for developing new treatments. The findings suggest that there might be some shared mechanisms between both syndromes. A transdiagnostic approach that cuts across traditional disease boundaries provides a potentially useful means for understanding these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masud Husain
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford. John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
| | - Jonathan P Roiser
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
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261
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Linking anhedonia symptoms with behavioural and neural reward responses in adolescent depression. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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262
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Yttredahl AA, McRobert E, Sheler B, Mickey BJ, Love TM, Langenecker SA, Zubieta JK, Hsu DT. Abnormal emotional and neural responses to romantic rejection and acceptance in depressed women. J Affect Disord 2018; 234:231-238. [PMID: 29547816 PMCID: PMC5895529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Responding adaptively to one's social environment is a key factor predicting the course of major depressive disorder (MDD). Socially rejecting events can exacerbate, whereas socially accepting events can ameliorate depressive symptoms. The neural responses to rejection and acceptance in MDD are relatively unexplored. METHODS We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure neural responses to romantic rejection and acceptance in women diagnosed with current MDD (n = 19) and a matched group of healthy controls (HCs) (n = 19). During fMRI, participants received rejecting, accepting, and neutral feedback from self-selected potential romantic partners. RESULTS In women with MDD but not HCs, rejection significantly increased activity in the right anterior insula relative to neutral feedback. Greater activation during rejection was found in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex in MDD compared to HCs. Women with MDD reported stronger emotional responses than HCs to both rejection and acceptance. In addition, left and right nucleus accumbens (NAcc) activity mediated the relationship between trait reward responsiveness and increased ratings of feeling "happy and accepted" following acceptance in HCs, but not the MDD group. DISCUSSION Women with MDD were behaviorally and neurally hyperresponsive to rejection. Although both groups were behaviorally responsive to acceptance, in MDD this was dissociated from NAcc activity. These findings highlight abnormal behavioral and neural responses to social cues in MDD, with implications for disease prognosis and the development of novel and sensitive biomarkers for MDD focused on neural pathways for social-affective processing. LIMITATIONS Conclusions may be limited to depressed women in a romantic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Yttredahl
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, United States
| | - Erin McRobert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, United States
| | - Benjamin Sheler
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, United States
| | - Brian J Mickey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, United States
| | - Tiffany M Love
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, United States
| | | | | | - David T Hsu
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, United States.
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263
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Novick AM, Levandowski ML, Laumann LE, Philip NS, Price LH, Tyrka AR. The effects of early life stress on reward processing. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 101:80-103. [PMID: 29567510 PMCID: PMC5889741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS), in the form of childhood maltreatment, abuse, or neglect, increases the risk for psychiatric sequelae later in life. The neurobiology of response to early stress and of reward processing overlap substantially, leading to the prediction that reward processing may be a primary mediator of the effects of early life stress. We describe a growing body of literature investigating the effects of early life stressors on reward processing in animals and humans. Despite variation in the reviewed studies, an emerging pattern of results indicates that ELS results in deficits of ventral striatum-related functions of reward responsiveness and approach motivation, especially when the stressor is experienced in early in development. For stressors experienced later in the juvenile period and adolescence, the animal literature suggests an opposite effect, in which ELS results in increased hedonic drive. Future research in this area will help elucidate the transdiagnostic impact of early life stress, and therefore potentially identify and intervene with at-risk youth, prior to the emergence of clinical psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Novick
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Corresponding author: Andrew M Novick, MD PhD, Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Blvd, Providence, RI 02906, USA,
| | - Mateus L. Levandowski
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Graduate Program in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Laura E. Laumann
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Noah S. Philip
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence VA, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lawrence H. Price
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Audrey R. Tyrka
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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264
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Karlsson RM, Wang AS, Sonti AN, Cameron HA. Adult neurogenesis affects motivation to obtain weak, but not strong, reward in operant tasks. Hippocampus 2018; 28:512-522. [PMID: 29663595 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Decreased motivation to seek rewards is a key feature of mood disorders that correlates with severity and treatment outcome. This anhedonia, or apathy, likely reflects impairment in reward circuitry, but the specific neuronal populations controlling motivation are unclear. Granule neurons generated in the adult hippocampus have been implicated in mood disorders, but are not generally considered as part of reward circuits. We investigated a possible role of these new neurons in motivation to work for food and sucrose rewards in operant conditioning tasks using GFAP-TK pharmacogenetic ablation of adult neurogenesis in both rats and mice. Rats and mice lacking adult neurogenesis showed normal lever press responding during fixed ratio training, reward devaluation, and Pavlovian Instrumental Transfer, suggesting no impairment in learning. However, on an exponentially progressive ratio schedule, or when regular chow was freely available in the testing chamber, TK rats and mice showed less effort to gain sucrose tablets. When working for balanced food tablets, which rats and mice of both genotypes strongly preferred over sucrose, the genotype effects on behavior were lost. This decrease in effort under conditions of low reward suggests that loss of adult neurogenesis decreases motivation to seek reward in a manner that may model behavioral apathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose-Marie Karlsson
- Section on Neuroplasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
| | - Alice S Wang
- Section on Neuroplasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
| | - Anup N Sonti
- Section on Neuroplasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
| | - Heather A Cameron
- Section on Neuroplasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
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265
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Kennedy SH, Ceniti AK. Unpacking Major Depressive Disorder: From Classification to Treatment Selection. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2018; 63:308-313. [PMID: 29278937 PMCID: PMC5912302 DOI: 10.1177/0706743717748883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sidney H. Kennedy
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
- Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital & Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Michael’s Hospital & University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
- Sidney H. Kennedy, MD, FRCPC, FCAHS, St. Michael’s Hospital, 193 Yonge Street, Suite 6-001, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1M8, Canada.
| | - Amanda K. Ceniti
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
- Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario
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266
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Lambert C, Da Silva S, Ceniti AK, Rizvi SJ, Foussias G, Kennedy SH. Anhedonia in depression and schizophrenia: A transdiagnostic challenge. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:615-623. [PMID: 29687627 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anhedonia, as a dysregulation of the reward circuit, is present in both Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia (SZ). AIMS To elucidate the clinical and neurobiological differences between schizophrenia (SZ) and depression (MDD) in regard to anhedonia, while reconciling the challenges and benefits of assessing anhedonia as a transdiagnostic feature under the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework. METHODS In this review, we summarize data from publications examining anhedonia or its underlying reward deficits in SZ and MDD. A literature search was conducted in OVID Medline, PsycINFO and EMBASE databases between 2000 and 2017. RESULTS While certain subgroups share commonalities, there are also important differences. SZ may be characterized by a disorganization, rather than a deficiency, in reward processing and cognitive function, including inappropriate energy expenditure and focus on irrelevant cues. In contrast, MDD has been characterized by deficits in anticipatory pleasure, development of reward associations, and integration of information from past experience. Understanding the roles of neurotransmitters and aberrant brain circuitry is necessary to appreciate differences in reward function in SZ and MDD. CONCLUSION Anhedonia as a clinical presentation of reward circuit dysregulation is an important and relatively undertreated symptom of both SZ and MDD. In order to improve patient outcomes and quality of life, it is important to consider how anhedonia fits into both diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Lambert
- Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Susana Da Silva
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amanda K Ceniti
- Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sakina J Rizvi
- Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Mental Health and Addiction Service, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - George Foussias
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sidney H Kennedy
- Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Mental Health and Addiction Service, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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267
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Stepanichev MY, Peregud DI, Manolova AO, Lazareva NA, Onufriev MV, Gulyaeva NV. Chronic Mild Stress Increases the Expression of Genes Encoding Proinflammatory Cytokines in the Rat Brain. BIOL BULL+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359018010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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268
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Rizvi SJ, Lambert C, Kennedy S. Presentation and Neurobiology of Anhedonia in Mood Disorders: Commonalities and Distinctions. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2018. [PMID: 29520717 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-018-0877-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To focus on the clinical and behavioral presentation of anhedonia in mood disorders, as well as the differences and commonalities in the underlying neurocircuitry. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence suggests that depression is characterized by hypofunction of the reward system, while bipolar disorder manifests dysregulation of the behavioral activation system that increases goal-directed reward behavior. Importantly, strong evidence does not exist to suggest significant differences in anhedonia severity between depressed unipolar and bipolar patients, suggesting that there are more nuanced fluctuations in reward processing deficits in bipolar patients depending on their state. Both euthymic unipolar and bipolar patients frequently report residual reward dysfunction, which highlights the potential of reward processing deficits that give rise to the clinical symptom of anhedonia to be trait factors of mood disorders; however, the possibility that therapies are not adequately treating anhedonia could also explain the presence of residual symptoms. Reward processing represents a potential diagnostic and treatment marker for mood disorders. Further research should systematically explore the facets of reward processing in at-risk, affected, and remitted patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakina J Rizvi
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Unit, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, 193 Yonge St, 6-009, Toronto, ON, M5B 1M8, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Clare Lambert
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Unit, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, 193 Yonge St, 6-009, Toronto, ON, M5B 1M8, Canada
| | - Sidney Kennedy
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Unit, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, 193 Yonge St, 6-009, Toronto, ON, M5B 1M8, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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269
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Pedard M, Demougeot C, Prati C, Marie C. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Relationship with inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 82:249-254. [PMID: 29126980 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Both peripheral and central brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels are decreased in depression and normalized by efficient anti-depressive therapies. While depression symptoms are frequent in rheumatoid arthritis, BDNF has been poorly investigated in this pathology. Therefore, the present study explored cerebral and peripheral BDNF in arthritis rats as well as the link between brain BDNF and the two factors recently involved in the pathogenesis of depression and present in rheumatoid arthritis namely inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. METHODS The brain (hippocampus and frontal cortex) and blood (serum) were collected in rats subjected to adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) when inflammatory symptoms and endothelial dysfunction are fully developed. Anhedonia as a core symptom of depression symptom was assessed from preference for a saccharin drinking solution. Inflammation was assessed from the arthritis score and serum levels of TNFα and IL-1β. Treatment with the arginase inhibitor N(w)-hydroxy-nor-l-arginine (nor-NOHA) was used as a strategy to prevent endothelial dysfunction without improving inflammatory symptoms. RESULTS As compared to controls, AIA rats displayed decreased brain BDNF levels that coexisted with anhedonia but contrasted with increased BDNF levels in serum. Brain BDNF deficiency correlated neither with arthritis score nor with pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, while it was mitigated by nor-NOHA treatment. A positive correlation was observed between serum BDNF and TNFα levels. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals that arthritis decreases BDNF levels in the brain and that endothelial dysfunction rather than inflammation contributes to the decrease. It also identifies a disconnection between serum and brain BDNF levels in arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pedard
- INSERM U1093, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France; Service de Neurologie, CHRU, Dijon, France
| | - Céline Demougeot
- EA4267 PEPITE, FHU INCREASE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25030 Besançon, France
| | - Clément Prati
- EA4267 PEPITE, FHU INCREASE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25030 Besançon, France; Service de Rhumatologie, CHRU, Besançon, France
| | - Christine Marie
- INSERM U1093, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.
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270
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Dos Santos ÉRQ, Maia CSF, Fontes Junior EA, Melo AS, Pinheiro BG, Maia JGS. Linalool-rich essential oils from the Amazon display antidepressant-type effect in rodents. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 212:43-49. [PMID: 29037915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The essential oils of the leaves of Aniba rosaeodora (pau-rosa), Aniba parviflora (macacaporanga) and Aeollanthus suaveolens (catinga-de-mulata), rich in linalool, are used in the traditional medicine of the Brazilian Amazon for its effects on the central nervous system, such as sedative, anticonvulsant and antidepressant, among other therapeutic properties. AIM OF THE STUDY To analyze the chemical composition of these oils and to evaluate their neurobehavioral effects in rodents, based on different and established behavioral tests. MATERIAL AND METHODS The oils were distilled and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Male Wistar rats received intraperitoneal doses of the oils of pau-rosa (3.5 and 35mg/kg), macacaporanga (8.5 and 85mg/kg) and catinga-de-mulata (7.5 and 75mg/kg), in addition to a linalool standard (30mg/kg). The neurobehavioral effects were evaluated using the tests: Open Field (spontaneous locomotion activity), Elevated Plus Maze (anxiolytic- type activity), Splash and Forced Swimming (antidepressive-type activity) and the Inhibitory Avoidance (memory retention). RESULTS The three oils (highest dose) and standard linalool presented significant antidepressant activity in rodents. Linalool was identified as the major constituent of the oils (pau-rosa, 88.6%, macacaporanga, 45%, catinga-de-mulata, 49.3%). The standard linalool used was 97.0%. CONCLUSION The pau-rosa, macacaporanga, and catinga-de-mulata oils presented antidepressant activity due to the presence of linalool, which, by the final synergistic action of other constituents found in oils, may have contributed to the increase or reduction of this behavioral effect in the treated animals. A relevant fact is that there was no compromise of spontaneous locomotion and the memory retention in the rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éverton Renan Q Dos Santos
- Programa de pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Brasil, 66075-900 Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane Socorro F Maia
- Programa de pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Brasil, 66075-900 Belém, PA, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e do Comportamento, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Brasil, 66075-900 Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - Enéas A Fontes Junior
- Programa de pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Brasil, 66075-900 Belém, PA, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e do Comportamento, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Brasil, 66075-900 Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - Ademar S Melo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Brasil, 66075-900 Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - Bruno G Pinheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Brasil, 66075-900 Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - José Guilherme S Maia
- Programa de pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Brasil, 66075-900 Belém, PA, Brazil.
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271
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Kohls G, Antezana L, Mosner MG, Schultz RT, Yerys BE. Altered reward system reactivity for personalized circumscribed interests in autism. Mol Autism 2018; 9:9. [PMID: 29423135 PMCID: PMC5791309 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-018-0195-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neurobiological research in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has paid little attention on brain mechanisms that cause and maintain restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests (RRBIs). Evidence indicates an imbalance in the brain’s reward system responsiveness to social and non-social stimuli may contribute to both social deficits and RRBIs. Thus, this study’s central aim was to compare brain responsiveness to individual RRBI (i.e., circumscribed interests), with social rewards (i.e., social approval), in youth with ASD relative to typically developing controls (TDCs). Methods We conducted a 3T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study to investigate the blood-oxygenation-level-dependent effect of personalized circumscribed interest rewards versus social rewards in 39 youth with ASD relative to 22 TDC. To probe the reward system, we employed short video clips as reinforcement in an instrumental incentive delay task. This optimization increased the task’s ecological validity compared to still pictures that are often used in this line of research. Results Compared to TDCs, youth with ASD had stronger reward system responses for CIs mostly within the non-social realm (e.g., video games) than social rewards (e.g., approval). Additionally, this imbalance within the caudate nucleus’ responsiveness was related to greater social impairment. Conclusions The current data support the idea of reward system dysfunction that may contribute to enhanced motivation for RRBIs in ASD, accompanied by diminished motivation for social engagement. If a dysregulated reward system indeed supports the emergence and maintenance of social and non-social symptoms of ASD, then strategically targeting the reward system in future treatment endeavors may allow for more efficacious treatment practices that help improve outcomes for individuals with ASD and their families. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13229-018-0195-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Kohls
- 1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ligia Antezana
- 2Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA USA
| | - Maya G Mosner
- 3Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Robert T Schultz
- 4Center for Autism Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3535 Market Street, Ste 860, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.,5Pediatrics Department, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA.,6Psychiatry Department, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Benjamin E Yerys
- 4Center for Autism Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3535 Market Street, Ste 860, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.,6Psychiatry Department, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
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272
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Assessment of Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS): the dimension of anhedonia in Italian healthy sample. Neurol Sci 2018; 39:657-661. [PMID: 29383616 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-018-3260-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) is a rapid screening battery created for assessing the presence of anhedonia, namely the inability to experience pleasure. Although, this symptom has widely been investigated in clinical settings, individual differences in anhedonia are also present in healthy population. The aim of present study was to validate the translated Italian version of this test. One thousand six hundred ninety-seven consecutive healthy subjects (55% female) of different ages (age 18-82 years) underwent SHAPS. Participants who showed mild level of anhedonia also completed the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS), Mood Disorders Insight Scale (MDIS), and Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS). The SHAPS showed good internal consistency and discriminant validity; moreover, the factorial analysis highlighted that SHAPS had a three-factor structure for explaining the anhedonic construct. 14.9% showed a significant reduction of hedonic tone (SHAPS ≥ 3). Finally, the degree of anhedonia was significantly correlated with BDI and BHS scores, but not with age or gender. Although anhedonia is a prominent feature of many psychiatric and neurological disorders, the presence of this symptom in the healthy population highlighted the importance to develop reliable tool. SHAPS shows good psychometric properties to assess multidimensional anhedonia symptoms also in Italian healthy population.
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273
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Freed RD, Hollenhorst CN, Weiduschat N, Mao X, Kang G, Shungu DC, Gabbay V. A pilot study of cortical glutathione in youth with depression. Psychiatry Res 2017; 270:54-60. [PMID: 29078101 PMCID: PMC5673254 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) to measure in vivo brain glutathione (GSH) in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD), and explored the relationship between GSH and illness severity and chronicity. Secondarily, associations between GSH and anhedonia, a key symptom of MDD in adolescents, were investigated. METHODS Occipital cortex GSH levels were obtained in 19 psychotropic medication-free adolescents with MDD (ages 12-21) and compared to those in eight healthy control adolescents. Correlations between GSH levels and anhedonia severity were examined both in the full participant sample and within the MDD group. Within the MDD group, correlations between GSH levels and illness severity and chronicity were assessed. RESULTS Occipital GSH levels were lower in adolescents with MDD compared to controls, but did not correlate with anhedonia (either within the MDD group or the full sample), MDD severity, or onset. There were also no group differences in levels of total choline, creatine, and N-acetylaspartate - all neurometabolites that were simultaneously detected with 1H MRS. CONCLUSIONS Although preliminary, findings add new data to support the role of oxidative stress in MDD and suggest that lower GSH may be a potential marker of MDD early on in the course of illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D Freed
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cecilia N Hollenhorst
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nora Weiduschat
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiangling Mao
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guoxin Kang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dikoma C Shungu
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vilma Gabbay
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA.
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274
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Robinson OJ, Chase HW. Learning and Choice in Mood Disorders: Searching for the Computational Parameters of Anhedonia. COMPUTATIONAL PSYCHIATRY (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2017; 1:208-233. [PMID: 29400358 PMCID: PMC5796642 DOI: 10.1162/cpsy_a_00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Computational approaches are increasingly being used to model behavioral and neural processes in mood and anxiety disorders. Here we explore the extent to which the parameters of popular learning and decision-making models are implicated in anhedonic symptoms of major depression. We first highlight the parameters of reinforcement learning that have been implicated in anhedonia, focusing, in particular, on the role that choice variability (i.e., "temperature") may play in explaining heterogeneity across previous findings. We then turn to neuroimaging findings implicating attenuated ventral striatum response in anhedonic responses and discuss possible causes of the heterogeneity in the literature. Taken together, the reviewed findings highlight the potential of the computational approach in teasing apart the observed heterogeneity in both behavioral and functional imaging results. Nevertheless, considerable challenges remain, and we conclude with five unresolved questions that seek to address issues highlighted by the reviewed data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J. Robinson
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Henry W. Chase
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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275
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Guillot CR, Halliday TM, Kirkpatrick MG, Pang RD, Leventhal AM. Anhedonia and Abstinence as Predictors of the Subjective Pleasantness of Positive, Negative, and Smoking-Related Pictures. Nicotine Tob Res 2017; 19:743-749. [PMID: 28186553 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Anhedonia-diminished interest or pleasure in response to rewards-is a dimension implicated in several psychiatric disorders linked to smoking. This laboratory study sought to identify motivational mechanisms linking anhedonia and tobacco addiction by testing the hypothesis that anhedonia, abstinence, and their interaction would predict excesses and deficits in the perceived pleasantness of smoking-related and positive pictures, respectively. We assessed the pleasantness of negative pictures as a secondary outcome. Methods After a baseline session involving self-report measures of anhedonia and other factors, 125 regular smokers attended two counterbalanced experimental sessions (overnight abstinent and non-abstinent) at which they rated the pleasantness of positive, smoking-related, negative, and neutral (control) pictures presented via computer. The difference in pleasantness ratings of positive, smoking-related, and negative pictures relative to neutral pictures served as the index of participants' appraisal of the motivational salience of nondrug reward, drug reward, and aversive signals, respectively. Results With and without adjusting for sex and depressive symptoms, greater anhedonia significantly or marginally predicted greater pleasantness of smoking (vs. neutral), lower pleasantness of positive (vs. neutral), less unpleasantness of negative (vs. neutral) pictures (|βs| = 0.18 to 0.35, ps = .007 to .07). Anhedonia by abstinence interaction effects on pleasantness ratings of each stimulus category (vs. neutral) were not significant (|βs| ≤ 0.02, ps ≥ .36). Conclusions Anhedonia and abstinence additively increase the salience of smoking-related cues in anhedonic smokers. Smoking cessation efforts that attenuate sensitization to smoking stimuli may benefit anhedonic smokers early in quit attempts. Implications Taken together, these findings provide tentative evidence that anhedonia is associated with a relative imbalance in the motivational salience of drug relative to nondrug rewards and may be associated with a generalized hypo-reactivity to both positive and negative stimuli. Though some prior smoking research has evidenced this relative imbalance in anhedonia with self-report or a smoking-choice task, we additionally show that this pattern may extend to hyper-affective reactivity to smoking-related stimuli being coincident with hypo-affective reactivity to nondrug-related positive stimuli (ie, may extend to greater pleasantness ratings of smoking pictures being accompanied by lower pleasantness ratings of positive pictures).
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey R Guillot
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX
| | | | - Matthew G Kirkpatrick
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Raina D Pang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Adam M Leventhal
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.,Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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276
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Preclinical Models for Assessment of Antidepressant Abuse Potential. CURRENT SEXUAL HEALTH REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11930-017-0128-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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277
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Anhedonia in Trauma-Exposed Individuals: Functional Connectivity and Decision-Making Correlates. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2017; 3:959-967. [PMID: 30409390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reward processing deficits have been increasingly associated with trauma exposure and are a core feature of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). While altered resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of ventral striatal regions, including the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), has been associated with anhedonia in some stress-related disorders, relationships between NAcc rsFC and anhedonia have not previously been investigated in trauma-exposed individuals. Additionally, relationships between anhedonia and reward-related decision making remain unexplored in relation to trauma exposure. We hypothesized that elevated anhedonia would be associated with altered rsFC between NAcc and default mode network regions and with increased delay discounting. METHODS The sample included 51 participants exposed to a DSM-IV PTSD Criterion A event related to community trauma. Participants completed the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale, the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, a computerized delay discounting paradigm, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. rsFC data were analyzed in SPM12 and CONN. RESULTS Higher levels of anhedonia were associated with increased rsFC between seed regions of bilateral NAcc and areas of right dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. This relationship remained significant after accounting for Clinician Administered PTSD Scale total scores, Beck Depression Inventory total scores, or diagnostic group in the regression. Additionally, anhedonia was associated with elevated (increased) delay discounting. CONCLUSIONS Greater anhedonia was related to higher positive connectivity between NAcc and right dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and to increased delay discounting, i.e., greater preference for smaller immediate versus larger delayed rewards. These findings contribute to a growing body of literature emphasizing the importance of anhedonia in trauma-exposed individuals.
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278
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Kessing LV, Bukh JD. The clinical relevance of qualitatively distinct subtypes of depression. World Psychiatry 2017; 16:318-319. [PMID: 28941112 PMCID: PMC5608844 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Vedel Kessing
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, University of CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jens Drachmann Bukh
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, University of CopenhagenDenmark
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279
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Ballard ED, Wills K, Lally N, Richards EM, Luckenbaugh DA, Walls T, Ameli R, Niciu MJ, Brutsche NE, Park L, Zarate CA. Anhedonia as a clinical correlate of suicidal thoughts in clinical ketamine trials. J Affect Disord 2017; 218:195-200. [PMID: 28477497 PMCID: PMC5515296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying clinical correlates associated with reduced suicidal ideation may highlight new avenues for the treatment of suicidal thoughts. Anhedonia occurs across psychiatric diagnoses and has been associated with specific neural circuits in response to rapid-acting treatments, such as ketamine. This analysis sought to evaluate whether reductions in suicidal ideation after ketamine administration were related to reduced levels of anhedonia, independent of depressive symptoms. METHODS This post-hoc analysis included treatment-resistant patients with either major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD) from several clinical trials of ketamine. Anhedonia was assessed using a subscale of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS). The outcome of interest was suicidal ideation, as measured by a subscale of the Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI5), one day post-ketamine administration. RESULTS Anhedonia, as measured by the SHAPS, was associated with suicidal thoughts independent of depressive symptoms both before and after ketamine administration. One day post-ketamine administration, improvements on the SHAPS accounted for an additional 13% of the variance in suicidal thought reduction, beyond the influence of depressive symptoms. The BDI anhedonia subscale was not significantly associated with suicidal thoughts after adjusting for depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS Data were limited to patients experiencing a major depressive episode and may not be generalizable to patients experiencing an active suicidal crisis. CONCLUSIONS Suicidal thoughts may be related to symptoms of anhedonia independent of other depressive symptoms. These results have implications for the potential mechanisms of action of ketamine on suicidal thoughts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D Ballard
- Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Kathleen Wills
- Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Níall Lally
- Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Erica M Richards
- Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - David A Luckenbaugh
- Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tessa Walls
- Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Rezvan Ameli
- Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mark J Niciu
- Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nancy E Brutsche
- Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lawrence Park
- Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Carlos A Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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280
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Sharma A, Wolf DH, Ciric R, Kable JW, Moore TM, Vandekar SN, Katchmar N, Daldal A, Ruparel K, Davatzikos C, Elliott MA, Calkins ME, Shinohara RT, Bassett DS, Satterthwaite TD. Common Dimensional Reward Deficits Across Mood and Psychotic Disorders: A Connectome-Wide Association Study. Am J Psychiatry 2017; 174:657-666. [PMID: 28135847 PMCID: PMC5495611 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16070774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anhedonia is central to multiple psychiatric disorders and causes substantial disability. A dimensional conceptualization posits that anhedonia severity is related to a transdiagnostic continuum of reward deficits in specific neural networks. Previous functional connectivity studies related to anhedonia have focused on case-control comparisons in specific disorders, using region-specific seed-based analyses. Here, the authors explore the entire functional connectome in relation to reward responsivity across a population of adults with heterogeneous psychopathology. METHOD In a sample of 225 adults from five diagnostic groups (major depressive disorder, N=32; bipolar disorder, N=50; schizophrenia, N=51; psychosis risk, N=39; and healthy control subjects, N=53), the authors conducted a connectome-wide analysis examining the relationship between a dimensional measure of reward responsivity (the reward sensitivity subscale of the Behavioral Activation Scale) and resting-state functional connectivity using multivariate distance-based matrix regression. RESULTS The authors identified foci of dysconnectivity associated with reward responsivity in the nucleus accumbens, the default mode network, and the cingulo-opercular network. Follow-up analyses revealed dysconnectivity among specific large-scale functional networks and their connectivity with the nucleus accumbens. Reward deficits were associated with decreased connectivity between the nucleus accumbens and the default mode network and increased connectivity between the nucleus accumbens and the cingulo-opercular network. In addition, impaired reward responsivity was associated with default mode network hyperconnectivity and diminished connectivity between the default mode network and the cingulo-opercular network. CONCLUSIONS These results emphasize the centrality of the nucleus accumbens in the pathophysiology of reward deficits and suggest that dissociable patterns of connectivity among large-scale networks are critical to the neurobiology of reward dysfunction across clinical diagnostic categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel H. Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rastko Ciric
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joseph W. Kable
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tyler M. Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Simon N. Vandekar
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Natalie Katchmar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aylin Daldal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kosha Ruparel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mark A. Elliott
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Monica E. Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Russell T. Shinohara
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Danielle S. Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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281
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Almeida RFD, Ganzella M, Machado DG, Loureiro SO, Leffa D, Quincozes-Santos A, Pettenuzzo LF, Duarte MMMF, Duarte T, Souza DO. Olfactory bulbectomy in mice triggers transient and long-lasting behavioral impairments and biochemical hippocampal disturbances. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 76:1-11. [PMID: 28223107 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a neuropsychiatric disease that is associated with profound disturbances in affected individuals. Elucidating the pathophysiology of MDD has been frustratingly slow, especially concerning the neurochemical events and brain regions associated with disease progression. Thus, we evaluated the time-course (up to 8weeks) behavioral and biochemical effects in mice that underwent to a bilateral olfactory bulbectomy (OBX), which is used to modeling depressive-like behavior in rodents. Similar to the symptoms in patients with MDD, OBX induced long-lasting (e.g., impairment of habituation to novelty, hyperactivity and an anxiety-like phenotype) and transient (e.g., loss of self-care and motivational behavior) behavioral effects. Moreover, OBX temporarily impaired hippocampal synaptosomal mitochondria, in a manner that would be associated with hippocampal-related synaptotoxicity. Finally, long-lasting pro-oxidative (i.e., increased levels of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide and decreased glutathione levels) and pro-inflammatory (i.e., increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α and decreased anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels) effects were induced in the hippocampus by OBX. Additionally, these parameters were transiently affected in the posterior and frontal cortices. This study is the first to suggest that the transient and long-lasting behavioral effects from OBX strongly correlate with mitochondrial, oxidative and inflammatory parameters in the hippocampus; furthermore, these effects show a weak correlation with these parameters in the cortex. Our findings highlight the underlying mechanisms involved in the biochemical time course of events related to depressive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Farina de Almeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Ganzella
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Neurobiology Department, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Daniele Guilhermano Machado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Samanta Oliveira Loureiro
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Douglas Leffa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - André Quincozes-Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Letícia Ferreira Pettenuzzo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | | | - Thiago Duarte
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Luterana do Brasil - Campus Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Diogo Onofre Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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282
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Reconsidering depression as a risk factor for substance use disorder: Insights from rodent models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 77:303-316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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283
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Nelson BD, Kessel EM, Klein DN, Shankman SA. Depression symptom dimensions and asymmetrical frontal cortical activity while anticipating reward. Psychophysiology 2017; 55. [PMID: 28555883 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Unipolar depression has been characterized as involving diminished approach motivation and reward sensitivity. A psychophysiological indicator of approach motivation involves an asymmetry in frontal EEG activity, such that greater left relative to right frontal cortical activity indicates increased approach motivation. Consistent with the perspective of reduced approach motivation tendencies, depression has been associated with decreased relative left frontal cortical activity. To date, supporting research has primarily relied on categorical diagnoses or composite symptom counts. However, given the heterogeneity in depression, it is unclear what specific symptom dimensions relate to decreased relative left frontal cortical activity. The present study examined the association between multiple depression symptom dimensions and asymmetrical frontal cortical activity while anticipating reward in separate undergraduate (n = 75) and clinical samples (current major depressive disorder [n = 68] and never depressed controls [n = 67]). All participants completed the Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms, a self-report measure of factor-analytically derived symptom dimensions. Frontal cortical activity was assessed during a computerized slot machine task while participants anticipated potential monetary reward or no incentive. In undergraduates with low depression symptoms and never depressed controls, reward trials relative to no-incentive trials elicited greater relative left frontal cortical activity. Furthermore, in both samples across all participants, increased dysphoria and lassitude symptoms were associated with decreased relative left frontal cortical activity while anticipating reward. The present study suggests that depression symptoms consistent with motivational disengagement are associated with decreased relative left frontal cortical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brady D Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Ellen M Kessel
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Daniel N Klein
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Stewart A Shankman
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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284
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Slattery DA, Cryan JF. Modelling depression in animals: at the interface of reward and stress pathways. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:1451-1465. [PMID: 28224183 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4552-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Despite substantial research efforts the aetiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) remains poorly understood, which is due in part to the heterogeneity of the disorder and the complexity of designing appropriate animal models. However, in the last few decades, a focus on the development of novel stress-based paradigms and a focus on using hedonic/anhedonic behaviour have led to renewed optimism in the use of animal models to assess aspects of MDD. OBJECTIVES Therefore, in this review article, dedicated to Athina Markou, we summarise the use of stress-based animal models for studying MDD in rodents and how reward-related readouts can be used to validate/assess the model and/or treatment. RESULTS We reveal the use and limitations of chronic stress paradigms, which we split into non-social (i.e. chronic mild stress), social (i.e. chronic social defeat) and drug-withdrawal paradigms for studying MDD and detail numerous reward-related readouts that are employed in preclinical research. Finally, we finish with a section regarding important factors to consider when using animal models. CONCLUSIONS One of the most consistent findings following chronic stress exposure in rodents is a disruption of the brain reward system, which can be easily assessed using sucrose, social interaction, food, drug of abuse or intracranial self-stimulation as a readout. Probing the underlying causes of such alterations is providing a greater understanding of the potential systems and processes that are disrupted in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Slattery
- Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - J F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Institute, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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285
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Valuation in major depression is intact and stable in a non-learning environment. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44374. [PMID: 28281665 PMCID: PMC5345037 DOI: 10.1038/srep44374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical diagnosis and symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) have been closely associated with impairments in reward processing. In particular, various studies have shown blunted neural and behavioral responses to the experience of reward in depression. However, little is known about whether depression affects individuals' valuation of potential rewards during decision-making, independent from reward experience. To address this question, we used a gambling task and a model-based analytic approach to measure two types of individual sensitivity to reward values in participants with MDD: 'risk preference,' indicating how objective values are subjectively perceived, and 'inverse temperature,' determining the degree to which subjective value differences between options influence participants' choices. On both of these measures of value sensitivity, participants with MDD were comparable to non-psychiatric controls. In addition, both risk preference and inverse temperature were stable over four laboratory visits and comparable between the groups at each visit. Neither valuation measure varied with severity of clinical symptoms in MDD. These data suggest intact and stable value processing in MDD during risky decision-making.
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286
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Dunn BD. Opportunities and Challenges for the Emerging Field of Positive Emotion Regulation: A Commentary on the Special Edition on Positive Emotions and Cognitions in Clinical Psychology. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2017; 41:469-478. [PMID: 28515540 PMCID: PMC5410198 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-017-9831-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The importance of developing a better understanding of positive emotion regulation in both healthy and clinical populations is now recognised. This special edition brings together leading figures in the positive emotion regulation field and has contributions characterizing positive phenomena, differentiating them from negative phenomena, and evaluating underlying psychological mechanisms that drive these phenomena. This commentary reviews these articles to highlight challenges and opportunities for this emerging field, including the need to better characterize positive phenomena, to be more explicit about how the links between negative and positive phenomena are conceptualised, to evaluate more robustly underlying mechanisms, to standardize measurement of positive constructs, and to ensure that these scientific findings lead to meaningful changes in real-world policy and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnaby D. Dunn
- Mood Disorders Centre, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QG UK
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287
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Kayashima Y, Yamamuro K, Makinodan M, Nakanishi Y, Wanaka A, Kishimoto T. Effects of Canon chord progression on brain activity and motivation are dependent on subjective feelings, not the chord progression per se. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2017; 13:1499-1508. [PMID: 28652751 PMCID: PMC5476716 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s136815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have indicated that relaxing and pleasant melodies are useful for the treatment of patients with psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, depression, and dementia. However, few studies have investigated what constitutive elements of the music had an effect on brain activity. As Canon chord progression is one of critical elements for pleasant melodies, we sought to examine the effects of Canon chord progression and pitch-shifted Canon chord progression on brain activity using performance on the auditory oddball task during event-related potentials (ERPs) in 30 healthy subjects. Unexpectedly, we found no differences in ERP components between subjects listening to Canon chord progression (n=15) or pitch-shifted Canon chord progression (n=15). Next, we divided participants into two groups: those who found the melody pleasant (n=17) and those who did not (n=13), for both Canon chord progression and pitch-shifted Canon chord progression. The average of P300 amplitude was higher at Fz in subjects found the music pleasant versus those finding it unpleasant. Moreover, subjects who found it pleasant exhibited higher motivation scores than those who felt it was unpleasant, whereas listening to Canon chord progression did not matter. These findings suggest that the effects of Canon chord progression on brain activity and motivation depend on subjective feelings, not the chord progression per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Kayashima
- Department of Psychiatry.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Akio Wanaka
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Japan
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288
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Loas G, Dalleau E, Lecointe H, Yon V. Relationships between anhedonia, alexithymia, impulsivity, suicidal ideation, recent suicide attempt, C-reactive protein and serum lipid levels among 122 inpatients with mood or anxious disorders. Psychiatry Res 2016; 246:296-302. [PMID: 27744231 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have explored the relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP), serum lipid levels, risk of suicide and alexithymia or impulsivity in mood or anxiety disorders. However, to date, no study has evaluated the effects of anhedonia on these parameters. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between anhedonia, alexithymia, impulsivity, suicidal ideation, recent suicide attempt, C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipid levels in patients with mood or anxiety disorders. One hundred and twenty-two inpatients with mood or anxiety disorders were recruited. Alexithymia and impulsivity were rated by the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and the Barratt impulsivity scale (BIS-10), respectively. Anhedonia and depression were rated by the Temporal Experience Pleasure Scale (TEPS) and the Beck Depression inventory (BDI-II). The TEPS contained two subscales rating anticipatory and consummatory anhedonia. From the BDI-II an anhedonia subscale was extracted rating anhedonia-state. Trait consummatory anhedonia and state anhedonia were associated with low levels of total cholesterol or HDL and low levels of triglycerides respectively. Trait anticipatory anhedonia and state anhedonia were associated with suicidal ideations. The difficulty of identifying feelings component of alexithymia was associated with low levels of total cholesterol and LDL. A high level of suicidal ideation was associated with low levels of HDL. Higher levels of CRP were found in inpatients having recently attempted suicide compared with inpatients who had not attempted suicide. In mood and anxiety disorders, anhedonia and the "difficulty of identifying feelings" component of alexithymia (which has previously been found to be associated with suicide risk) could explain the relationship between serum lipid levels and higher suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenolé Loas
- University Department of Psychiatry, Hôpital Nord, CHU d'Amiens, France; Department of Psychiatry, Hôpital Erasme, ULB, Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Elodie Dalleau
- University Department of Psychiatry, Hôpital Nord, CHU d'Amiens, France
| | - Héloïse Lecointe
- University Department of Psychiatry, Hôpital Nord, CHU d'Amiens, France
| | - Valérie Yon
- University Department of Psychiatry, Hôpital Nord, CHU d'Amiens, France
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289
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Wang N, Li SG, Lin XX, Su YL, Qi WJ, Wang JY, Luo F. Increasing Pain Sensation Eliminates the Inhibitory Effect of Depression on Evoked Pain in Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:183. [PMID: 27733820 PMCID: PMC5039174 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although previous studies have suggested that depression may be associated with inhibition of evoked pain but facilitation of spontaneous pain, the mechanisms underlying these relationships are unclear. The present study investigated whether the difference between evoked and spontaneous pain on sensory (descending inhibition) and affective (avoidance motivation) components contributes to the divergent effects of depression on them. Depressive-like behavior was produced in male Wistar rats by unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS). Tone-laser conditioning and formalin-induced conditioned place avoidance (F-CPA) were used to explore avoidance motivation in evoked and spontaneous pain, respectively. Behavioral pharmacology experiments were conducted to examine descending inhibition of both evoked (thermal stimulation) and spontaneous pain behavior (formalin pain). The results revealed that the inhibitory effect of depression on evoked pain was eliminated following repeated thermal stimuli. Avoidance behavior in the tone-laser conditioning task was reduced in UCMS rats, relative to controls. However, avoidance motivation for formalin pain in the UCMS group was similar to controls. 5-HT1A receptor antagonism interfered with inhibition of pain responses over time. The present study demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of depression on evoked pain dissipates with increased nociception and that the sensory-discriminative and affective-motivational components of pain are jointly involved in the divergent effects of depression on pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-Guang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yuan-Lin Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Jing Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Yan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Fei Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
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