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Tarasiuk A, Segev Y. Abnormal Growth and Feeding Behavior in Upper Airway Obstruction in Rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:298. [PMID: 29915561 PMCID: PMC5994397 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a syndrome manifesting with snoring and increased respiratory effort due to increased upper airway resistance. In addition to cause the abnormal sleep, this syndrome has been shown to elicit either growth retardation or metabolic syndrome and obesity. Treating OSA by adenotonsillectomy is usually associated with increased risk for obesity, despite near complete restoration of breathing and sleep. However, the underlying mechanism linking upper airways obstruction (AO) to persistent change in food intake, metabolism, and growth remains unclear. Rodent models have examined the impact of intermittent hypoxia on metabolism. However, an additional defining feature of OSA that is not related to intermittent hypoxia is enhanced respiratory loading leading to increased respiratory effort and abnormal sleep. The focus of this mini review is on recent evidence indicating the persistent abnormalities in endocrine regulation of feeding and growth that are not fully restored by the chronic upper AO removal in rats. Here, we highlight important aspects related to abnormal regulation of metabolism that are not related to intermittent hypoxia per se, in an animal model that mimics many of the clinical features of pediatric OSA. Our evidence from the AO model indicates that obstruction removal may not be sufficient to prevent the post-removal tendency for abnormal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Tarasiuk
- Sleep-Wake Disorders Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- *Correspondence: Ariel Tarasiuk,
| | - Yael Segev
- Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Associations among Neighborhood, Race, and Sleep Apnea Severity in Children. A Six-City Analysis. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2017; 14:76-84. [PMID: 27768852 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201609-662oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Prior researchers found that individual-level environmental and social indicators did not explain the racial disparity in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Neighborhood socioeconomic variables, as well as risk factors for a range of adverse behavioral and health outcomes, may better explain this racial disparity and help identify modifiable intervention targets. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the associations of neighborhood socioeconomic variables with obstructive sleep apnea severity and to assess whether the neighborhood variables explain the association between race and obstructive sleep apnea severity. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data of 774 children in six cities who participated in the Childhood Adenotonsillectomy Trial. The outcome variable was the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Neighborhood socioeconomic variables were obtained on the basis of the children's residential addresses and information in the American Community Survey. Regression models were used to assess the associations among neighborhood conditions, race, and AHI. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Higher poverty rate and percentage of single-female-headed households were associated with higher AHI (P = 0.008 and 0.002, respectively). African American race was associated with a 1.33 (1.08-1.64 95% confidence interval)-fold increase in AHI, adjusting for age and sex. After controlling for poverty rate or percentage of single-female-headed households with children, the association between race and AHI levels was no longer significant (P = 0.15 and 0.26, respectively), and the magnitude of race association decreased 34 or 55%, suggesting that the association between race and AHI levels was largely explained by poverty rate or percentage of single-female-headed households with children. CONCLUSIONS Neighborhood socioeconomic variables in comparison with individual-level socioeconomic indicators provides better explanations for the racial disparity in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Further research aimed at identifying factors that aggregate in disadvantaged neighborhoods and increase sleep apnea risk may suggest modifiable intervention targets. Clinical trial registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00560859).
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Maillane-Vanegas S, Turi-Lynch BC, Lira FSD, Codogno JS, Fernandes RA, Lima MCSD, Machado-Rodrigues A, Kemper HCG. Relationship between carotid intima-media thickness, physical activity, sleep quality, metabolic/inflamatory profile, body fatness, smoking and alcohol consumption in young adults. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574201700030020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Knutson KL, Wu D, Patel SR, Loredo JS, Redline S, Cai J, Gallo LC, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Ramos AR, Teng Y, Daviglus ML, Zee PC. Association Between Sleep Timing, Obesity, Diabetes: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) Cohort Study. Sleep 2017; 40:2962431. [PMID: 28329091 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsx014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives Recent studies implicate inadequate sleep duration and quality in metabolic disease. Fewer studies have examined the timing of sleep, which may be important because of its potential impact on circadian rhythms of metabolic function. We examined the association between sleep timing and metabolic risk among Hispanic/Latino adults. Methods Cross-sectional data from community-based study of 13429 participants aged 18-74 years. People taking diabetic medications were excluded. Sleep timing was determined from self-reported bedtimes and wake times. Chronotype was defined as the midpoint of sleep on weekends adjusted for sleep duration on weekdays. Other measurements included body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose levels, estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), glucose levels 2 hours post oral glucose ingestion, and hemoglobin A1c. Survey linear regression models tested associations between sleep timing and metabolic measures. Analyses were stratified by diabetes status and age-group when significant interactions were observed. Results Among participants with diabetes, fasting glucose levels were positively associated with bedtime (approximately +3%/hour later, p < .01) and midpoint of sleep (approximately +2%/hour later, p < .05). In participants with and without diabetes combined, HOMA-IR was positively associated with midpoint of sleep (+1.5%/hr later, p < .05), and chronotype (+1.2%/hour later, p < .05). Associations differed by age-group. Among those < 36 years, later sleep timing was associated with lower BMI, lower fasting glucose, and lower HbA1c, but the opposite association was observed among older participants. Conclusions Later sleep timing was associated with higher estimated insulin resistance across all groups. Some associations between sleep timing and metabolic measures may be age-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Knutson
- Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, Northwestern University
| | - Donghong Wu
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Sanjay R Patel
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Jose S Loredo
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School
| | - Jianwen Cai
- Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Linda C Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University
| | - Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Alberto R Ramos
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine
| | - Yanping Teng
- Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Phyllis C Zee
- Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, Northwestern University
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Iyer SH, Matthews SA, Simeone TA, Maganti R, Simeone KA. Accumulation of rest deficiency precedes sudden death of epileptic Kv1.1 knockout mice, a model of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. Epilepsia 2017; 59:92-105. [PMID: 29193044 DOI: 10.1111/epi.13953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic sleep deficiency is associated with early mortality. In the epileptic population, there is a higher prevalence of sleep disorders, and individuals with severe refractory epilepsy are at greater risk of premature mortality than the general population. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy affects 1:1000 cases of epilepsy each year. Ketogenic diet (KD) treatment is one of the few effective options for refractory seizures. Despite KD reducing seizures and increasing longevity in Kv1.1 knockout (KO) mice, they still succumb to sudden death. This study aims to determine whether (1) the rest profiles of KO and KD-treated KO (KOKD) mice resemble each other as a function of either age or proximity to death and (2) the timing of death correlates with acute or chronic changes in rest. METHODS Noninvasive actimetry was used to monitor rest throughout the lives of KO and wild-type (WT) littermates administered standard diet or KD. RESULTS As KO mice age, rest is reduced (P < .0001). Rest is significantly improved in KDKO mice (P < .0001), resembling WT values at several ages. When age is removed as a variable and data are realigned to the day of death, the rest profiles of KO and KOKD groups worsen to similar degrees as a function of proximity to death. The amount of rest acutely is not sensitive to the timing of death, whereas chronic rest deficiency profiles (10-15 days prior to death) of both groups were indistinguishable. Chronic accumulation of rest deficiency over the final 15 days was associated with 75% of deaths. SIGNIFICANCE Our data suggest that the accumulated rest deficiency is associated with sudden death in Kv1.1 KO mice. These data (1) support the proposed clinical hypothesis that chronic sleep deficiency may be associated with early mortality in epileptic patients and (2) warrant future preclinical and clinical studies on sleep monitoring in epileptic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi H Iyer
- Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Stephanie A Matthews
- Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Timothy A Simeone
- Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rama Maganti
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kristina A Simeone
- Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
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Anujuo K, Agyemang C, Snijder MB, Jean-Louis G, Born BJVD, Peters RJG, Stronks K. Contribution of short sleep duration to ethnic differences in cardiovascular disease: results from a cohort study in the Netherlands. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e017645. [PMID: 29151049 PMCID: PMC5702024 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We analysed association between short sleep duration and prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a multiethnic population living in the Netherlands, and the contribution of short sleep to the observed ethnic differences in the prevalence of CVD, independent of CVD risk factors. METHODS 20 730 participants (aged 18-71 years) of the HELIUS (Healthy Life in an Urban Setting) Study were investigated. Self-reported sleep duration was classified as: short (<7 hours/night) and healthy (7-9 hours/night). Prevalence of CVD was assessed using the Rose Questionnaire on angina pectoris, intermittent claudication and possible myocardial infarction. Association of short sleep duration with prevalent CVD and the contribution of short sleep to the observed ethnic differences in the prevalence of CVD were analysed using adjusted prevalence ratio(s) (PRs) with 95% CI. RESULTS Results indicate that short sleep was associated with CVD among all ethnic groups with PRs ranging from 1.44 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.71) in Moroccans to 1.74 (95% CI 1.28 to 2.36) in Dutch after adjustment for age, sex and conventional CVD risk factors. The independent contributions of short sleep (in percentage) to ethnic differences in CVD compared with Dutch were 12%, 16%, 6%, 19% and 6% in South-Asian Surinamese, African-Surinamese, Ghanaian, Turkish and Moroccan, respectively. CONCLUSION Short sleep contributed to ethnic differences in CVD independent of well-known CVD risk factors particularly in Surinamese and Ghanaian groups. Reducing sleep deprivation may be a relevant entry point for reducing increased CVD risks among the various ethnic minority groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Anujuo
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke B Snijder
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Girardin Jean-Louis
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, New York, USA
| | - Bert-Jan van den Born
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron J G Peters
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karien Stronks
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Vincent GE, Jay SM, Sargent C, Vandelanotte C, Ridgers ND, Ferguson SA. Improving Cardiometabolic Health with Diet, Physical Activity, and Breaking Up Sitting: What about Sleep? Front Physiol 2017; 8:865. [PMID: 29167645 PMCID: PMC5682337 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic disease poses a serious health and economic burden worldwide and its prevalence is predicted to increase. Prolonged sitting, lack of physical activity, poor diet, and short sleep duration are ubiquitous behaviors in modern society, and all are independent risk factors in the development of cardiometabolic disease. Existing evidence demonstrates that breaking up prolonged periods of sitting is beneficial for cardiometabolic health, however, studies have not controlled for prior sleep duration. This article examines how prolonged sitting and short sleep duration independently contribute to cardiometabolic risk, and how breaking up sitting and obtaining adequate sleep may reduce this risk. We suggest that as prolonged sitting and short sleep duration influence the same cardiometabolic parameters, there is potential for short sleep to attenuate the positive impact of breaking up prolonged sitting with physical activity. Likewise, breaking up prolonged sitting and obtaining adequate sleep together could improve predictors of cardiometabolic disease, i.e., the combined effect may be stronger than either alone. To explore these perspectives, we propose a research agenda to investigate the relationship between breaking up prolonged sitting with physical activity and short sleep duration. This will provide an evidence-base for informing the design of interventions to reduce the burden of cardiometabolic disease on communities worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E. Vincent
- Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Sarah M. Jay
- Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Charli Sargent
- Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Corneel Vandelanotte
- Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicola D. Ridgers
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Sally A. Ferguson
- Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
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Grossman ES, Shrira A, Bodner E. Enduring sleep complaints predict health problems: a six-year follow-up of the survey of health and retirement in Europe. Aging Ment Health 2017; 21:1155-1163. [PMID: 27484858 PMCID: PMC5899759 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2016.1209735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sleep complaints are common and enduring among old people. The study aimed to extend current knowledge by exploring the effects of episodic versus chronic sleep complaints on a range of physical and mental health outcomes. METHODS Older adults (N = 8934, mean age = 64) who participated in Waves 1, 2 and 4 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) reported sleep and health outcome measures. Episodic sleep complaints, in the first or in the second wave and chronic sleep complaints, in both waves were recorded. Outcomes in Wave 4 included physical symptoms, difficulties in activities of daily living and low quality of life. RESULTS Logistic regressions examined whether episodic and chronic sleep complaints at W1 and W2 predict W4 health outcomes. Chronic sleep complaints predicted worse outcomes, compared to no sleep difficulties and to episodic sleep complaints, even after adjusting for demographic characteristics and previous levels of health. CONCLUSION Sleep complaints and mainly chronic sleep complaints are related to elevated risk of future health and functional problems. Caregivers are encouraged to address sleep complaints and provide their older patients with help before sleep complaints become persistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephraim S. Grossman
- The Interdisciplinary Department of Social Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Israel
| | - Amit Shrira
- The Interdisciplinary Department of Social Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Israel
| | - Ehud Bodner
- The Interdisciplinary Department of Social Sciences and the Department of Music, Bar-Ilan University, Israel
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Watson NF, Buchwald D, Delrow JJ, Altemeier WA, Vitiello MV, Pack AI, Bamshad M, Noonan C, Gharib SA. Transcriptional Signatures of Sleep Duration Discordance in Monozygotic Twins. Sleep 2017; 40:2952682. [PMID: 28364472 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsw019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Habitual short sleep duration is associated with adverse metabolic, cardiovascular, and inflammatory effects. Co-twin study methodologies account for familial (eg, genetics and shared environmental) confounding, allowing assessment of subtle environmental effects, such as the effect of habitual short sleep duration on gene expression. Therefore, we investigated gene expression in monozygotic twins discordant for actigraphically phenotyped habitual sleep duration. Methods Eleven healthy monozygotic twin pairs (82% female; mean age 42.7 years; SD = 18.1), selected based on subjective sleep duration discordance, were objectively phenotyped for habitual sleep duration with 2 weeks of wrist actigraphy. Peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) RNA from fasting blood samples was obtained on the final day of actigraphic measurement and hybridized to Illumina humanHT-12 microarrays. Differential gene expression was determined between paired samples and mapped to functional categories using Gene Ontology. Finally, a more comprehensive gene set enrichment analysis was performed based on the entire PBL transcriptome. Results The mean 24-hour sleep duration of the total sample was 439.2 minutes (SD = 46.8 minutes; range 325.4-521.6 minutes). Mean within-pair sleep duration difference per 24 hours was 64.4 minutes (SD = 21.2; range 45.9-114.6 minutes). The twin cohort displayed distinctive pathway enrichment based on sleep duration differences. Habitual short sleep was associated with up-regulation of genes involved in transcription, ribosome, translation, and oxidative phosphorylation. Unexpectedly, genes down-regulated in short sleep twins were highly enriched in immuno-inflammatory pathways such as interleukin signaling and leukocyte activation, as well as developmental programs, coagulation cascade, and cell adhesion. Conclusions Objectively assessed habitual sleep duration in monozygotic twin pairs appears to be associated with distinct patterns of differential gene expression and pathway enrichment. By accounting for familial confounding and measuring real life sleep duration, our study shows the transcriptomic effects of habitual short sleep on dysregulated immune response and provides a potential link between sleep deprivation and adverse metabolic, cardiovascular, and inflammatory outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N F Watson
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,UW Medicine Sleep Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Washington State Twin Registry, Seattle, WA.,Center for Research in the Management of Sleep Disorders, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - D Buchwald
- Washington State Twin Registry, Seattle, WA.,Initiative for Research and Education to Advance Community Health, Elson S Floyd College of Medicine, Spokane, WA
| | - J J Delrow
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - W A Altemeier
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - M V Vitiello
- Center for Research in the Management of Sleep Disorders, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - A I Pack
- Division of Sleep Medicine/Department of Medicine and Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - M Bamshad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - C Noonan
- Initiative for Research and Education to Advance Community Health, Elson S Floyd College of Medicine, Spokane, WA
| | - S A Gharib
- UW Medicine Sleep Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Aktaruzzaman M, Rivolta MW, Karmacharya R, Scarabottolo N, Pugnetti L, Garegnani M, Bovi G, Scalera G, Ferrarin M, Sassi R. Performance comparison between wrist and chest actigraphy in combination with heart rate variability for sleep classification. Comput Biol Med 2017; 89:212-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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261
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Facco FL, Grobman WA, Reid KJ, Parker CB, Hunter SM, Silver RM, Basner RC, Saade GR, Pien GW, Manchanda S, Louis JM, Nhan-Chang CL, Chung JH, Wing DA, Simhan HN, Haas DM, Iams J, Parry S, Zee PC. Objectively measured short sleep duration and later sleep midpoint in pregnancy are associated with a higher risk of gestational diabetes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 217:447.e1-447.e13. [PMID: 28599896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental and epidemiologic data suggest that among nonpregnant adults, sleep duration may be an important risk factor for chronic disease. Although pregnant women commonly report poor sleep, few studies objectively evaluated the quality of sleep in pregnancy or explored the relationship between sleep disturbances and maternal and perinatal outcomes. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to examine the relationship between objectively assessed sleep duration, timing, and continuity (measured via wrist actigraphy) and maternal cardiovascular and metabolic morbidity specific to pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN This was a prospective cohort study of nulliparous women. Women were recruited between 16 0/7 and 21 6/7 weeks' gestation. They were asked to wear a wrist actigraphy monitor and complete a daily sleep log for a period of 7 consecutive days. The primary sleep exposure variables were the averages of the following over the total valid nights (minimum 5, maximum 7 nights): short sleep duration during the primary sleep period (<7 h/night), late sleep midpoint (midpoint between sleep onset and sleep offset >5 am), and top quartile of minutes of wake time after sleep onset and sleep fragmentation index. The primary outcomes of interest were a composite of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (mild, severe, or superimposed preeclampsia; eclampsia; or antepartum gestational hypertension) and gestational diabetes mellitus. We used χ2 tests to assess associations between sleep variables and categorical baseline characteristics. Crude odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated from univariate logistic regression models to characterize the magnitude of the relationship between sleep characteristics and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and gestational diabetes. For associations significant in univariate analysis, multiple logistic regression was used to explore further the association of sleep characteristics with pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS In all, 901 eligible women consented to participate; 782 submitted valid actigraphy studies. Short sleep duration and a later sleep midpoint were associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes (odds ratio, 2.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.11-4.53; and odds ratio, 2.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.24-5.36, respectively) but not of hypertensive disorders. A model with both sleep duration and sleep midpoint as well as their interaction term revealed that while there was no significant interaction between these exposures, the main effects of both short sleep duration and later sleep midpoint with gestational diabetes remained significant (adjusted odds ratio, 2.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-4.19; and adjusted odds ratio, 2.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-4.97, respectively). Additionally, after adjusting separately for age, body mass index, and race/ethnicity, both short sleep duration and later sleep midpoint remained associated with gestational diabetes. No associations were demonstrated between the sleep quality measures (wake after sleep onset, sleep fragmentation) and hypertensive disorders or gestational diabetes. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate a relationship between short sleep duration and later sleep midpoint with gestational diabetes. Our data suggest independent contributions of these 2 sleep characteristics to the risk for gestational diabetes in nulliparous women.
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Jeddi S, Ghasemi A, Asgari A, Nezami-Asl A. Role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in sleep-deprived rats. Sleep Breath 2017; 22:353-359. [PMID: 28942508 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-017-1573-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION REM sleep deprivation (SD) decreases tolerance of the rat heart to ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury; the underlying mechanisms, however, are unknown. This study aimed at determining whether changes in iNOS, Bax, and Bcl-2 gene expression are involved in this detrimental effect. METHOD SD was induced by flowerpot technique for a period of 4 days. This method is simple and able to induce sleep fragmentation which occurs as one of the sleep disorder symptoms in clinical conditions. The hearts of control and SD rats were perfused in Langendorff apparatus and subjected to 30 min ischemia, followed by 90 min reperfusion. The hemodynamic parameters (left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), and ± dp/dt), NOx (nitrite + nitrate) level, infarct size, and mRNA expression of iNOS, Bax, and Bcl-2 were measured after IR. RESULTS SD rats had lower recovery of post-ischemic LVDP (32.8 ± 2.5 vs. 51.5 ± 2.1 mmHg; P < 0.05), + dp/dt (1555 ± 66 vs. 1119.5 ± 87 mmHg/s; P < 0.05) and - dp/dt (1437 ± 65 vs. 888 ± 162 mmHg/s; P < 0.05). SD rats also had higher NOx levels (41.4 ± 3.1 vs. 22.4 ± 3.6 μmol/L; P < 0.05) and infarct size (64.3 ± 2.3 vs. 38.3 ± 1.6%; P < 0.05) after IR, which along with LVDP, ± dp/dt restored to near normal status in the presence of aminoguanidine, a selective iNOS inhibitor. Following IR, expression of iNOS and Bax increased and Bcl-2 decreased (502, 372, and 54%, respectively) in SD rats; whereas in the presence of aminoguanidine, expression of iNOS and Bax significantly decreased and Bcl-2 increased (165, 168, and 19%, respectively). CONCLUSION Higher expression of iNOS and subsequent increase in apoptosis in the hearts after IR may contribute to less tolerance to myocardial IR injury in SD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Jeddi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Asgari
- Aerospace Medicine Research Center, Medical Faculty of Aerospace and Subaquatic Medicine, AJA Medical Sciences University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Nezami-Asl
- Aerospace Medicine Research Center, Medical Faculty of Aerospace and Subaquatic Medicine, AJA Medical Sciences University, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhao H, Han L, Chang D, Ye Y, Shen J, Daniel CR, Gu J, Chow WH, Wu X. Social-demographics, health behaviors, and telomere length in the Mexican American Mano a Mano Cohort. Oncotarget 2017; 8:96553-96567. [PMID: 29228552 PMCID: PMC5722504 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we examined cross-sectional associations among social-demographics, lifestyle behaviors, and relative telomere length (RTL) in peripheral blood leukocytes, as well as longitudinal relationships among major chronic diseases, weight gain, and RTL, among 12,792 Mexican Americans aged 20 to 85 years in the Mano-A-Mano, the Mexican American Cohort. As expected, RTL was inversely correlated with age (ρ=-0.15, ρ<0.001). In the multivariate analysis, we found that RTL was positively correlated with levels of education (ρ=0.021), self-insurance (ρ=0.041), body mass index (BMI) (ρ<0.001), and sleeping time per day (ρ for trend<0.001), and RTL was inversely correlated with sitting time per day (ρ for trend =0.001). In longitudinal analysis, we found that longer RTL was modestly but positively associated with increased risks of overall cancer (adjusted hazard ratio (adj.HR)=1.05, 95% conference interval (95%CI)=1.02-1.09). In quartile analysis, 4th quartile (longest RTL) was associated with 1.53-fold increased risk of overall cancer (adj.HR=1.53, 95%CI=1.11-2.10), compared to 1st quartile (shortest RTL). RTL was reversely associated with the risk of type-2 diabetes (adj.HR=0.89, 95%CI=0.82-0.94). In quartile analysis, 4th quartile (longest RTL) was associated with 48% decreased risk of typle-2 diabetes (adj.HR=0.52, 95%CI=0.32-0.70), compared to 1st quartile (shortest RTL). In addition, longer RTL was a positive predictor of at least 10% weight gain (adj.HR=1.03, 95%CI=1.00-1.05). In summary, our results in Mexican Americans support the notion that telomere length is a biological mechanism by which social demographics and health behaviors “get under the skin” to affect health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lixia Han
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Chang
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuanqing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carrie R Daniel
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jian Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wong-Ho Chow
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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266
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Henry AL, Kyle SD, Chisholm A, Griffiths CEM, Bundy C. A cross-sectional survey of the nature and correlates of sleep disturbance in people with psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:1052-1059. [PMID: 28314054 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests that sleep disturbance is common in psoriasis. While several sleep investigations have been conducted in psoriasis populations, many have methodological shortcomings, and no study has examined multiple dimensions of sleep-wake functioning. Moreover, research has yet to be performed comprehensively examining the range of physical and psychological factors that may affect sleep in people with psoriasis. OBJECTIVES To characterize sleep disturbance using validated measures and to identify physical and psychological predictors of sleep quality in people with psoriasis. METHODS An online survey was conducted (186 respondents; mean age 39·2 years) comprising validated measures assessing sleep [Pittsburgh Sleep; Quality Index (PSQI), Berlin Questionnaire, Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale]; chronotype (Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire); mood (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale); itch (5-D Itch Scale); and psoriasis severity (Simplified Psoriasis Index). Group comparisons and regression analyses were used to examine predictors of poor sleep. RESULTS The mean PSQI score was 9·2 ± 4·3, with 76·3% scoring above the threshold for poor sleep (≥ 6 on the PSQI) and 32·5% scoring 'positive' for probable obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Poor sleep and high likelihood of OSA were associated with more severe psoriasis (P < 0·05; η = 0·07; η2 = 0·005). Cognitive arousal (β = 0·26, P = 0·001), itch (β = 0·26, P < 0·001) and depression (β = 0·24, P = 0·001) were the most robust predictors of poor sleep quality, which, together with somatic arousal (β = 0·17, P = 0·022), accounted for 43% of variance in PSQI scores. CONCLUSIONS Poor sleep is common in psoriasis and associated with psychological and physical factors. Rates of probable OSA are also high. Given the importance of restorative sleep for health, sleep complaints should receive greater clinical attention in the management of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Henry
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.,Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K
| | - S D Kyle
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - A Chisholm
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
| | - C E M Griffiths
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.,Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, U.K
| | - C Bundy
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.,Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K
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267
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Reynolds AC, Appleton SL, Gill TK, Taylor AW, McEvoy RD, Ferguson SA, Adams RJ. Sickness absenteeism is associated with sleep problems independent of sleep disorders: results of the 2016 Sleep Health Foundation national survey. Sleep Health 2017; 3:357-361. [PMID: 28923192 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sleep disorders are associated with sickness absenteeism (SA), at significant economic cost. Correlates of absenteeism are less well described in nonclinical samples. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS We determined the relationship between markers of inadequate sleep and SA in a sample of 551 working adults aged ≥18 years across Australia. We considered diagnosed obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and insomnia symptoms, daytime symptoms, and sleepiness with respect to sickness absenteeism (missing ≥1 day of work in the past 28 days because of problems with physical or mental health). RESULTS Sickness absenteeism was reported by 27.0% of participants and was more frequent in younger participants, university graduates, and those experiencing financial stress. Sickness absenteeism was independently associated with insomnia (odds ratio [OR]=2.5, confidence interval [CI]=1.5-4.0], OSA (OR=9.8, CI=4.7-20.7), sleep aid use (OR=3.0, CI=1.9-4.7), and daytime symptoms (OR=3.0, CI=2.0-4.6) and inversely associated with perception of getting adequate sleep (OR=0.6, CI=0.4-0.9). Associations persisted in the population free of insomnia and/or OSA. CONCLUSIONS In adults without clinical sleep disorders, sleep behaviors are contributing to sickness absenteeism. An increased focus at an organizational level on improvement of sleep hygiene is important to reduce lost work performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Reynolds
- The Appleton Institute, CQUniversity Australia, 44 Greenhill Rd, Wayville SA 5034, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Sarah L Appleton
- The Health Observatory, Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Campus, Woodville Rd, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia; Freemason's Centre for Men's Health, Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, North Terrace SA 5000, Australia
| | - Tiffany K Gill
- Population Research & Outcome Studies, Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SAHMRI, North Terrace SA 5000, Australia
| | - Anne W Taylor
- Population Research & Outcome Studies, Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SAHMRI, North Terrace SA 5000, Australia
| | - R Douglas McEvoy
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, A Flinders Centre of Excellence, Flinders University, Repatriation General Hospital, Daw Park, SA 5041, Australia; Sleep Health Service, Respiratory and Sleep Services, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Repatriation General Hospital, Daw Park, SA 5041, Australia
| | - Sally A Ferguson
- The Appleton Institute, CQUniversity Australia, 44 Greenhill Rd, Wayville SA 5034, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert J Adams
- The Health Observatory, Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Campus, Woodville Rd, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia
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268
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Zhang Y, Punnett L, Nannini A. Work-Family Conflict, Sleep, and Mental Health of Nursing Assistants Working in Nursing Homes. Workplace Health Saf 2017; 65:295-303. [PMID: 27794076 PMCID: PMC8556705 DOI: 10.1177/2165079916665397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Work-family conflict is challenging for workers and may lead to depression, anxiety, and overall poor health. Sleep plays an important role in the maintenance of mental health; however, the role of sleep in the association between work-family conflict and mental health is not well-studied. Questionnaires were collected from 650 nursing assistants in 15 nursing homes. Multivariate linear regression modeling demonstrated that increased work-family conflict was associated with lower mental health scores (β = -2.56, p < .01). More work-family conflict was correlated with more job demands, less job control, less social support, and longer work hours. Poor sleep quality, but not short sleep duration, mediated the association between work-family conflict and mental health. Workplace interventions to improve nursing assistants' mental health should increase their control over work schedules and responsibilities, provide support to meet their work and family needs, and address healthy sleep practices.
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269
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Micko A, Knopp K, Knosp E, Wolfsberger S. Microsurgical Performance After Sleep Interruption: A NeuroTouch Simulator Study. World Neurosurg 2017; 106:92-101. [PMID: 28673883 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.06.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In times of the ubiquitous debate about doctors' working hour restrictions, it is still questionable if the physician's performance is impaired by high work load and long shifts. In this study, we evaluated the impact of sleep interruption on neurosurgical performance. METHODS Ten medical students and 10 neurosurgical residents were tested on the virtual-reality simulator NeuroTouch by performing an identical microsurgical task, well rested (baseline test), and after sleep interruption at night (stress test). Deviation of total score, timing, and excessive force on tissue were evaluated. In addition, vital parameters and self-assessment were analyzed. RESULTS After sleep interruption, total performance score increased significantly (45.1 vs. 48.7, baseline vs. stress test, P = 0.048) while timing remained stable (10.1 vs. 10.4 minutes for baseline vs. stress test, P > 0.05) for both students and residents. Excessive force decreased in both groups during the stress test for the nondominant hand (P = 0.05). For the dominant hand, an increase of excessive force was encountered in the group of residents (P = 0.05). In contrast to their results, participants of both groups assessed their performance worse during the stress test. CONCLUSIONS In our study, we found an increase of neurosurgical simulator performance in neurosurgical residents and medical students under simulated night shift conditions. Further, microsurgical dexterity remained unchanged. Based on our results and the data in the available literature, we cannot confirm that working hour restrictions will have a positive effect on neurosurgical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Micko
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Karoline Knopp
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Engelbert Knosp
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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270
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Egan KJ, Knutson KL, Pereira AC, von Schantz M. The role of race and ethnicity in sleep, circadian rhythms and cardiovascular health. Sleep Med Rev 2017; 33:70-78. [PMID: 27908540 PMCID: PMC6450543 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, strong evidence has emerged suggesting that insufficient duration, quality, and/or timing of sleep are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), and various mechanisms for this association have been proposed. Such associations may be related to endophenotypic features of the sleep homeostat and the circadian oscillator, or may be state-like effects of the environment. Here, we review recent literature on sleep, circadian rhythms and CVD with a specific emphasis on differences between racial/ethnic groups. We discuss the reported differences, mainly between individuals of European and African descent, in parameters related to sleep (architecture, duration, quality) and circadian rhythms (period length and phase shifting). We further review racial/ethnic differences in cardiovascular disease and its risk factors, and develop the hypothesis that racial/ethnic health disparities may, to a greater or smaller degree, relate to differences in parameters related to sleep and circadian rhythms. When humans left Africa some 100,000 years ago, some genetic differences between different races/ethnicities were acquired. These genetic differences have been proposed as a possible predictor of CVD disparities, but concomitant differences in culture and lifestyle between different groups may equally explain CVD disparities. We discuss the evidence for genetic and environmental causes of these differences in sleep and circadian rhythms, and their usefulness as health intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieren J Egan
- Chronobiology Division, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Kristen L Knutson
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alexandre C Pereira
- Incor, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Malcolm von Schantz
- Chronobiology Division, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK; Incor, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP 05403-900, Brazil.
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271
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Michaels MS, Balthrop T, Nadorff MR, Joiner TE. Total sleep time as a predictor of suicidal behaviour. J Sleep Res 2017; 26:732-738. [DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael R. Nadorff
- Mississippi State University; Starkville MS USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX USA
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272
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The effect of working on-call on stress physiology and sleep: A systematic review. Sleep Med Rev 2017; 33:79-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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273
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Cardioprotective Effects of HuoxueAnshen Recipe against Myocardial Injuries Induced by Sleep Deprivation in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:7359760. [PMID: 28479928 PMCID: PMC5396442 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7359760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background. Traditional Chinese Medicine is extensively used in China and HuoxueAnshen Recipe (HAR) was formulated according to its method in treating CHD accompanied with insomnia in clinic. However, there are few studies related to the effect of HAR on myocardial injury and sleep disorders. Purpose. To investigate the effects of HAR on sleep deprivation- (SD-) induced myocardial I/R injury. Methods. Male Wistar rats receiving a daily gavage of HAR or vehicle were exposed to SD intervention while control rats had normal sleep. Then all rats were exposed to myocardial I/R. Hormone, vascular endothelial, and inflammatory related factors were detected before and after I/R, while cardiac injury, cardiac function, myocardial infarct size, and apoptosis were detected after I/R. Results. Levels of neuropeptide Y, vascular endothelial and inflammatory related factors were significantly increased while melatonin was decreased in vehicle-treated SD rats but not in HAR-treated SD rats after SD. In addition, cardiac injury, cardiac dysfunction, myocardial infarct size, and myocardial apoptosis were deteriorated in vehicle-treated SD rats but were ameliorated in HAR-treated SD rats after I/R. Conclusion. HAR not only improved SD-induced hormone disorders, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, but also alleviated I/R injury, which supports protective usage in CHD and psychocardiology.
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274
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Wilson SJ, Jaremka LM, Fagundes CP, Andridge R, Peng J, Malarkey WB, Habash D, Belury MA, Kiecolt-Glaser JK. Shortened sleep fuels inflammatory responses to marital conflict: Emotion regulation matters. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 79:74-83. [PMID: 28262602 PMCID: PMC5419294 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sleep problems can boost inflammation and may jeopardize interpersonal functioning, risks that may be magnified in couples. This observational study examined the effects of self-reported recent sleep duration on couples' inflammation, inflammatory responses to a problem discussion, interpersonal behavior, and use of emotion regulation strategies (emotion expression, cognitive reappraisal) during conflict. People who slept less had higher stimulated interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production after the marital problem discussion than those who slept more. However, using emotion expression and cognitive reappraisal strategies during conflict protected couples who slept less from inflammatory reactivity. Specifically, people's short sleep did not relate to inflammatory increases when they expressed their own feelings more or when their partner reappraised or expressed their emotions more. When both partners slept less, couples interacted in a more hostile way than when at least one partner slept more. These data point to the combination of short sleep and marital conflict as a novel path to heightened inflammation, a risk that partners' emotion regulation strategies may counteract. The study also highlights the role of short sleep in more negative or punishing marital behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J Wilson
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 460 Medical Center Drive, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
| | - Lisa M Jaremka
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, United States
| | | | - Rebecca Andridge
- College of Public Health, Division of Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, United States
| | - Juan Peng
- College of Public Health, Division of Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, United States
| | - William B Malarkey
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 460 Medical Center Drive, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, OSUMC, United States
| | - Diane Habash
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, OSUMC, United States
| | | | - Janice K Kiecolt-Glaser
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 460 Medical Center Drive, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, OSUMC, United States
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275
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Expansion of CD11b+Ly6Ghigh and CD11b+CD49d+ myeloid cells with suppressive potential in mice with chronic inflammation and light-at-night-induced circadian disruption. Inflamm Res 2017; 66:711-724. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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276
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Trudel-Fitzgerald C, Zhou ES, Poole EM, Zhang X, Michels KB, Eliassen AH, Chen WY, Holmes MD, Tworoger SS, Schernhammer ES. Sleep and survival among women with breast cancer: 30 years of follow-up within the Nurses' Health Study. Br J Cancer 2017; 116:1239-1246. [PMID: 28359077 PMCID: PMC5418457 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in women. Sleep has been linked with mortality among cancer-free population; however, its association with survival among women with breast cancer is understudied. METHODS Breast cancer patients (N=3682) reported their average sleep duration post diagnosis. Subsamples also provided their pre-diagnosis sleep duration (n=1949) and post-diagnosis sleep difficulties (n=1353). Multivariate Cox models estimated hazard ratios (HR) and confidence intervals (CI) of all-cause, breast cancer, and non-breast cancer mortality. RESULTS At diagnosis, the mean age was 64.9 years and 91.7% were stage I or II. Women sleeping ⩾9 h per night post diagnosis had a strong higher risk of all-cause (multivariate HRs: MV-HR=1.37, CI=1.10-1.71), breast cancer (MV-HR=1.46, CI=1.02-2.07), and non-breast cancer mortality (MV-HR=1.34, CI=1.01-1.79), compared to women sleeping 8 h per night. Increased sleep duration post diagnosis (vs unchanged) and regular sleep difficulties (vs rare/none) were associated with a strong elevated risk of all-cause mortality (MV-HRincreased duration=1.35, CI=1.04-1.74; MV-HRregular difficulties=1.49, CI=1.02-2.19) and a moderate greater risk of breast cancer and non-breast cancer mortality. CONCLUSIONS Various facets of sleep were associated with higher all-cause mortality risk. If replicated, these findings support evaluation of breast cancer patients' sleep duration and difficulties to identify those at risk for poorer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Trudel-Fitzgerald
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eric S Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Poole
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Karin B Michels
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, 650 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wendy Y Chen
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michelle D Holmes
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eva S Schernhammer
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Medical University of Vienna, Marianneng. 14/Top 105, Vienna 1090, Austria
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277
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Savoy C, Van Lieshout RJ, Steiner M. Is plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 a physiological bottleneck bridging major depressive disorder and cardiovascular disease? Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:715-727. [PMID: 27246986 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is estimated to affect one in twenty people worldwide. MDD is highly comorbid with cardiovascular disease (CVD), itself one of the single largest causes of mortality worldwide. A number of pathological changes observed in MDD are believed to contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease, although no single mechanism has been identified. There are also no biological markers capable of predicting the future risk of developing heart disease in depressed individuals. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a prothrombotic plasma protein secreted by endothelial tissue and has long been implicated in CVD. An expanding body of literature has recently implicated it in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder as well. In this study, we review candidate pathways implicating MDD in CVD and consider how PAI-1 might act as a mediator by which MDD induces CVD development: chiefly through sleep disruption, adiposity, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) metabolism, systemic inflammation and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis dysregulation. As both MDD and CVD are more prevalent in women than in men, and incidence of either condition is dramatically increased during reproductive milestones, we also explore hormonal and sex-specific associations between MDD, PAI-1 and CVD. Of special interest is the role PAI-1 plays in perinatal depression and in cardiovascular complications of pregnancy. Finally, we propose a theoretical model whereby PAI-1 might serve as a useful biomarker for CVD risk in those with depression, and as a potential target for future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Savoy
- Women's Health Concerns Clinic; St. Joseph's Healthcare; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
- McMaster Integrated Neuroscience Discovery and Study Program; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - R. J. Van Lieshout
- Women's Health Concerns Clinic; St. Joseph's Healthcare; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
- McMaster Integrated Neuroscience Discovery and Study Program; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - M. Steiner
- Women's Health Concerns Clinic; St. Joseph's Healthcare; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
- McMaster Integrated Neuroscience Discovery and Study Program; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
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Sauvet F, Arnal PJ, Tardo-Dino PE, Drogou C, Van Beers P, Bougard C, Rabat A, Dispersyn G, Malgoyre A, Leger D, Gomez-Merino D, Chennaoui M. Protective effects of exercise training on endothelial dysfunction induced by total sleep deprivation in healthy subjects. Int J Cardiol 2017; 232:76-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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279
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Nam GE, Han K, Kim DH, Lee JH, Seo WH. Sleep duration is associated with body fat and muscle mass and waist-to-height ratio beyond conventional obesity parameters in Korean adolescent boys. J Sleep Res 2017; 26:444-452. [DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ga Eun Nam
- Department of Family Medicine; Sahmyook Medical Center; Seoul Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Biostatistics; College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul Korea
| | - Do Hoon Kim
- Department of Family Medicine; Korea University Ansan Hospital; College of Medicine; Korea University; Ansan-si Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics; Korea University Ansan Hospital; College of Medicine; Korea University; Ansan-si Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - Won Hee Seo
- Department of Pediatrics; Korea University Ansan Hospital; College of Medicine; Korea University; Ansan-si Gyeonggi-do Korea
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280
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Zhang SL, Bai L, Goel N, Bailey A, Jang CJ, Bushman FD, Meerlo P, Dinges DF, Sehgal A. Human and rat gut microbiome composition is maintained following sleep restriction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E1564-E1571. [PMID: 28179566 PMCID: PMC5338418 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1620673114&token=wzeznjc0mtcsijewljewnzmvcg5hcy4xnjiwnjczmte0il0.mmhl9x05sxwbyea6ihbqfevczu0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Insufficient sleep increasingly characterizes modern society, contributing to a host of serious medical problems. Loss of sleep is associated with metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and neurological and cognitive impairments. Shifts in gut microbiome composition have also been associated with the same pathologies; therefore, we hypothesized that sleep restriction may perturb the gut microbiome to contribute to a disease state. In this study, we examined the fecal microbiome by using a cross-species approach in both rat and human studies of sleep restriction. We used DNA from hypervariable regions (V1-V2) of 16S bacteria rRNA to define operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of the microbiome. Although the OTU richness of the microbiome is decreased by sleep restriction in rats, major microbial populations are not altered. Only a single OTU, TM7-3a, was found to increase with sleep restriction of rats. In the human microbiome, we find no overt changes in the richness or composition induced by sleep restriction. Together, these results suggest that the microbiome is largely resistant to changes during sleep restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley L Zhang
- Chronobiology Program, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Lei Bai
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Namni Goel
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Aubrey Bailey
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Christopher J Jang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Frederic D Bushman
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Peter Meerlo
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9702 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - David F Dinges
- Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Amita Sehgal
- Chronobiology Program, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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281
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Human and rat gut microbiome composition is maintained following sleep restriction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E1564-E1571. [PMID: 28179566 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1620673114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Insufficient sleep increasingly characterizes modern society, contributing to a host of serious medical problems. Loss of sleep is associated with metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and neurological and cognitive impairments. Shifts in gut microbiome composition have also been associated with the same pathologies; therefore, we hypothesized that sleep restriction may perturb the gut microbiome to contribute to a disease state. In this study, we examined the fecal microbiome by using a cross-species approach in both rat and human studies of sleep restriction. We used DNA from hypervariable regions (V1-V2) of 16S bacteria rRNA to define operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of the microbiome. Although the OTU richness of the microbiome is decreased by sleep restriction in rats, major microbial populations are not altered. Only a single OTU, TM7-3a, was found to increase with sleep restriction of rats. In the human microbiome, we find no overt changes in the richness or composition induced by sleep restriction. Together, these results suggest that the microbiome is largely resistant to changes during sleep restriction.
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282
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Quintana DS, Elvsåshagen T, Zak N, Norbom LB, Pedersen PØ, Quraishi SH, Bjørnerud A, Malt UF, Groote IR, Kaufmann T, Andreassen OA, Westlye LT. Diurnal Variation and Twenty-Four Hour Sleep Deprivation Do Not Alter Supine Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Male Young Adults. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170921. [PMID: 28151944 PMCID: PMC5289546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) has become an increasingly popular index of cardiac autonomic control in the biobehavioral sciences due to its relationship with mental illness and cognitive traits. However, the intraindividual stability of HRV in response to sleep and diurnal disturbances, which are commonly reported in mental illness, and its relationship with executive function are not well understood. Here, in 40 healthy adult males we calculated high frequency HRV—an index of parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity—using pulse oximetry during brain imaging, and assessed attentional and executive function performance in a subsequent behavioral test session at three time points: morning, evening, and the following morning. Twenty participants were randomly selected for total sleep deprivation whereas the other 20 participants slept as normal. Sleep deprivation and morning-to-night variation did not influence high frequency HRV at either a group or individual level; however, sleep deprivation abolished the relationship between orienting attention performance and HRV. We conclude that a day of wake and a night of laboratory-induced sleep deprivation do not alter supine high frequency HRV in young healthy male adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S. Quintana
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Torbjørn Elvsåshagen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nathalia Zak
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linn B. Norbom
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Ø. Pedersen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sophia H. Quraishi
- Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Atle Bjørnerud
- The Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulrik F. Malt
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inge R. Groote
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- The Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tobias Kaufmann
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T. Westlye
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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283
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Wu J, Zhao G, Li Y, Zang H, Wang T, Wang D, Han D. Apnea-hypopnea index decreased significantly after nasal surgery for obstructive sleep apnea: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6008. [PMID: 28151900 PMCID: PMC5293463 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasal surgeries have been applied to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients with nasal obstruction for decades. However, the efficiency of nasal surgery in improving OSA remains controversial.The aim of this study was to identify whether isolated nasal surgery can improve apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). METHODS Computerized searches were performed in MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus from January 1, 2000 to April 30, 2016. A total of 18 articles and 587 participants were included. There were 1 randomized controlled trials, 2 nonrandomized trials, 11 prospective studies, and 4 retrospective studies. Data regarding study design (prospective/retrospective clinical trial, randomized, and controlled), population size, participant characteristics (age, gender, and body mass index), surgical intervention, and outcomes (AHI, Epworth sleep scale [ESS]) was collected. RESULTS Statistically significant improvement in AHI (subgroup 1: weighted mean difference [WMD] [95%confidence interval (CI)], -4.17 [-7.62, -0.73]; subgroup 2: WMD [95%CI], -4.19 [-7.51, -0.88]; overall: WMD [95%CI], -4.15 [-6.48, -1.82]) and ESS (subgroup 1: WMD [95%CI], -2.14 [-3.08, -1.19]; subgroup 2: WMD [95%CI], -4.70 [-5.95, -3.44]; overall: WMD [95%CI], -4.08 [-5.27, -2.88]) was revealed. CONCLUSION Both AHI and ESS improved significantly after isolated nasal surgery, but the improvement of AHI is slightly significant. Future randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the long-term benefits of nasal surgery on OSA.
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284
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Cui DM, Han DM, Nicolas B, Hu CL, Wu J, Su MM. Three-dimensional Evaluation of Nasal Surgery in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 129:651-6. [PMID: 26960367 PMCID: PMC4804410 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.177971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder and is characterized by airway collapse at multiple levels of upper airway. The effectiveness of nasal surgery has been discussed in several studies and shows a promising growing interest. In this study, we intended to evaluate the effects of nasal surgery on the upper airway dimensions in patients with OSA using three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of cone-beam computed tomography (CT). Methods: Twelve patients with moderate to severe OSA who underwent nasal surgery were included in this study. All patients were diagnosed with OSA using polysomnography (PSG) in multi sleep health centers associated with Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and the Partners Health Care from May 31, 2011 to December 14, 2013. The effect of nasal surgery was evaluated by the examination of PSG, subjective complains, and 3D reconstructed CT scan. Cross-sectional area was measured in eleven coronal levels, and nasal cavity volume was evaluated from anterior nasal spine to posterior nasal spine. The thickness of soft tissue in oral pharynx region was also measured. Results: Five out of the 12 patients were successfully treated by nasal surgery, with more than 50% drop of apnea–hypopnea index. All the 12 patients showed significant increase of cross-sectional area and volume postoperatively. The thickness of soft tissue in oral pharynx region revealed significant decrease postoperatively, which decreased from 19.14 ± 2.40 cm2 and 6.11 ± 1.76 cm2 to 17.13 ± 1.91 cm2 and 5.22 ± 1.20 cm2. Conclusions: Nasal surgery improved OSA severity as measured by PSG, subjective complaints, and 3D reconstructed CT scan. 3D assessment of upper airway can play an important role in the evaluation of treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - De-Min Han
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730; Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Beijing 100005, China
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285
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Zilioli S, Slatcher RB, Chi P, Li X, Zhao J, Zhao G. The impact of daily and trait loneliness on diurnal cortisol and sleep among children affected by parental HIV/AIDS. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 75:64-71. [PMID: 27810705 PMCID: PMC5256636 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis and disruptions of restorative processes (e.g., sleep) have been proposed as two key mechanisms through which loneliness leads to medical morbidity in adults and late adolescents. Whether loneliness acts through these biological and behavioral intermediaries in children as well remains unexplored. In a sample of 645 children aged 8-15 affected by parental HIV/AIDS in rural China, trait and state (i.e., daily) loneliness were measured in a 3-day diary study, wherein participants also provided cortisol samples and sleep measures. Whereas high levels of trait loneliness were found to predict lower morning cortisol levels, longer time in bed, lower sleep quality, and a higher number of night awakenings, daily loneliness was associated with a flatter diurnal cortisol slope and shorter time in bed. Although the association between trait loneliness and daily loneliness with HPA activity remained significant after controlling for psychological constructs that overlap with loneliness (e.g., depression and daily negative affect), some of the associations between loneliness and sleep measures became non-significant after including these additional covariates. These findings provide the first empirical evidence to our knowledge of associations between trait and state loneliness and health-related outcomes among school-aged children and young adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Zilioli
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Richard B. Slatcher
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Peilian Chi
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University South Carolina, Columbia 29208, USA
| | - Junfeng Zhao
- Institute of Behavior and Psychology, Henan University, Department of Psychology, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Guoxiang Zhao
- Institute of Behavior and Psychology, Henan University, Department of Psychology, Kaifeng 475004, China
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286
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Hall MH, Mulukutla S, Kline CE, Samuelsson LB, Taylor BJ, Thayer JF, Krafty RT, Frank E, Kupfer DJ. Objective Sleep Duration Is Prospectively Associated With Endothelial Health. Sleep 2017; 40:2845957. [PMID: 28364470 PMCID: PMC6084747 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsw003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives The mechanisms linking short sleep duration to cardiovascular disease (CVD) are poorly understood. Emerging evidence suggests that endothelial dysregulation may lie along the causal pathway linking sleep duration to cardiovascular risk, although current evidence in humans is based on cross-sectional studies. Our objective was to evaluate the prospective association between objectively assessed sleep duration and clinical indices of endothelial health. Methods A total of 141 medically healthy adults underwent an overnight laboratory sleep study when they were between the ages of 21 and 60 years. Total sleep time was objectively assessed by polysomnography at study entry. Endothelial health, including brachial artery diameter (BAD) and flow-mediated dilation (FMD), was measured 18.9 ± 4.6 years later. Medical health and psychiatric status were assessed at both time points. Approximately half of the sample had a lifetime history of major depressive disorder. Results In univariate analyses, shorter sleep duration was associated with increased BAD (β = -0.24, p = .004) and decreased FMD (β = 0.17, p = .042). BAD, but not FMD, remained significantly associated with sleep duration after adjusting for sex, age, body mass index (BMI), smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and lifetime history of major depressive disorder (MDD) at T2. The association between sleep duration and BAD was stronger than the association between BAD and an aggregate measure of CVD risk including three or more of the following risk factors: male sex, age ≥ 65 years, smoker, BMI ≥ 30, diabetes, hypertension, and MDD. Conclusions Objectively assessed short sleep duration was prospectively associated with increased BAD over a 12- to 30-year period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martica H Hall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Suresh Mulukutla
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Christopher E Kline
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Briana J Taylor
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Julian F Thayer
- Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Robert T Krafty
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ellen Frank
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - David J Kupfer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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287
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Choudhary AK, Dadarao Dhanvijay AK, Alam T, Kishanrao SS. Sleep restriction and its influence on blood pressure. Artery Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.artres.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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288
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Al Khodor S, Reichert B, Shatat IF. The Microbiome and Blood Pressure: Can Microbes Regulate Our Blood Pressure? Front Pediatr 2017; 5:138. [PMID: 28674682 PMCID: PMC5474689 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2017.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The surfaces of the human body are heavily populated by a highly diverse microbial ecosystem termed the microbiota. The largest and richest among these highly heterogeneous populations of microbes is the gut microbiota. The collection of microbes and their genes, called the microbiome, has been studied intensely through the past few years using novel metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and metabolomics approaches. This has enhanced our understanding of how the microbiome affects our metabolic, immunologic, neurologic, and endocrine homeostasis. Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease worldwide; it contributes to stroke, heart disease, kidney failure, premature death, and disability. Recently, studies in humans and animals have shown that alterations in microbiota and its metabolites are associated with hypertension and atherosclerosis. In this review, we compile the recent findings and hypotheses describing the interplay between the microbiome and blood pressure, and we highlight some prospects by which utilization of microbiome-related techniques may be incorporated to better understand the pathophysiology and treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souhaila Al Khodor
- Immunology, Inflammation and Metabolism, Division of Translational Medicine, SIDRA Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Bernd Reichert
- Division of Neonatology, SIDRA Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ibrahim F Shatat
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States.,Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, SIDRA Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar.,Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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289
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Wang H, Leng J, Li W, Wang L, Zhang C, Li W, Liu H, Zhang S, Chan J, Hu G, Yu Z, Yang X. Sleep duration and quality, and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant Chinese women. Diabet Med 2017; 34:44-50. [PMID: 27154471 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the association between sleep disturbances during pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. METHODS From 2010 to 2012, 12 506 women in Tianjin, China, were screened using a 50-g 1-h glucose challenge test at 24-28 weeks' gestation. Those with glucose challenge test values of ≥ 7.8 mmol/l were invited to further undergo a 75-g 2-h oral glucose tolerance test. Gestational diabetes was determined according to the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group's definition. Self-reported sleep duration and sleep quality during pregnancy was documented using a modified questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios and 95% CIs. RESULTS A total of 919 women (7.3%) had gestational diabetes. Sleep duration was found to have an approximate J-shaped association with gestational diabetes risk after adjusting for covariates. Compared with a sleep duration of 7-9 h/day (43% of 12 506 women), the adjusted odds ratios for sleep duration of ≥ 9 h/day (55%) and < 7 h/day (2%) for gestational diabetes were 1.21 (95% CI 1.03-1.42) and 1.36 (95% CI 0.87-2.14), respectively. Compared with good sleep quality (37.9% of 12 506 women), the adjusted odds ratios of moderate (59.9%) and poor sleep quality (2.2%) for gestational diabetes were 1.19 (95% CI 1.01-1.41) and 1.61 (95% CI 1.04-2.50), respectively. CONCLUSION In pregnant Chinese women, poor sleep quality, and shorter and longer duration of sleep during pregnancy were independently associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- Tianjin Women and Children's Health Centre, Tianjin, China
| | - J Leng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Women and Children's Health Centre, Tianjin, China
| | - W Li
- Tianjin Women and Children's Health Centre, Tianjin, China
| | - L Wang
- Tianjin Women and Children's Health Centre, Tianjin, China
| | - C Zhang
- Tianjin Women and Children's Health Centre, Tianjin, China
| | - W Li
- Tianjin Women and Children's Health Centre, Tianjin, China
| | - H Liu
- Tianjin Women and Children's Health Centre, Tianjin, China
| | - S Zhang
- Tianjin Women and Children's Health Centre, Tianjin, China
| | - J Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - G Hu
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Z Yu
- Population Cancer Research Program and Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - X Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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290
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Vacas S, Degos V, Maze M. Fragmented Sleep Enhances Postoperative Neuroinflammation but Not Cognitive Dysfunction. Anesth Analg 2017; 124:270-276. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000001675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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291
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Kaur T, Singh H, Mishra R, Manchanda S, Gupta M, Saini V, Sharma A, Kaur G. Withania somnifera as a potential anxiolytic and immunomodulatory agent in acute sleep deprived female Wistar rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 427:91-101. [PMID: 28004351 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2900-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is a profound regulator of cellular immunity, and the curtailment of sleep in present day lifestyle leads to disruption of neuro-immune-endocrine interactions. No therapeutic remedy is yet known for the amelioration of detrimental effects caused by sleep deprivation (SD). The current study was aimed to elucidate the effects of acute SD on immune function and its modulation by water extract from leaves of Withania somnifera (ASH-WEX). Three groups of animals, i.e. Vehicle-Undisturbed sleep (VUD), Vehicle-Sleep deprived (VSD) and ASH-WEX fed sleep deprived (WSD) rats were tested for their anxiety-like behaviour and further used for the study of inflammatory and apoptotic markers expression in piriform cortex and hippocampus regions of the brain. VSD animals showed high level of anxiety in elevated plus maze test, which was ameliorated in WSD group. The stress induced expression of inflammatory and immune response markers GFAP, TNFα, IL-6, OX-18 and OX-42 in VSD animals was found to be modulated by ASH-WEX. Further, the stress induced apoptosis was suppressed in WSD group as indicated by expression of NF-κB, AP-1, Bcl-xL and Cytochrome c. This study provides scientific validation to the anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties of ASH-WEX, which may serve as an effective dietary supplement for management of SD induced stress and associated functional impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taranjeet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Harpal Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Rachana Mishra
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S. Wood St., Rm 578 MC 512, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Shaffi Manchanda
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Muskan Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Vedangana Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Anuradha Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Gurcharan Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
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292
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Leech JA. Changes in sleep duration and recreational screen time among Canadians, 1998-2010. J Sleep Res 2016; 26:202-209. [DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Judith A. Leech
- Division of Respirology; Department of Medicine; University of Ottawa; Ottawa ON Canada
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293
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Courtet P, Giner L, Seneque M, Guillaume S, Olie E, Ducasse D. Neuroinflammation in suicide: Toward a comprehensive model. World J Biol Psychiatry 2016. [PMID: 26223957 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2015.1054879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Suicidal behaviour (SB) entered the DSM-5, underlying a specific biological vulnerability. Then, recent findings suggested a possible role of the immune system in SB pathogenesis. The objective of this review is to present these main immune factors involved in SB pathogenesis. METHODS We conducted a review using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis criteria, and combined ("Inflammation") AND ("Suicidal ideation" OR "Suicidal attempt" OR "suicide"). RESULTS Post mortem studies demonstrated associations between suicide and inflammatory cytokines in the orbitofrontal cortex, a brain region involved in suicidal vulnerability. Also, microgliosis and monocyte-macrophage system activation may be a useful marker of suicide neurobiology. Kynurenine may influence inflammatory processes, and related molecular pathways may be involved in SB pathophysiology. Few recent studies associated inflammatory markers with suicidal vulnerability: serotonin dysfunction, impulsivity and childhood trauma. Interestingly, the perception of threat that leads suicidal individuals to contemplate suicide may activate biological stress responses, including inflammatory responses. CONCLUSIONS Translational projects would be crucial to identify a specific marker in SB disorders, to investigate its clinical correlations, and the interaction between inflammatory cytokines and monoamine systems in SB. These researches might lead to new biomarkers and novel directions for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Courtet
- a Department of Emergency Psychiatry , Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier and Post Acute Care , CHU Montpellier , France.,b Inserm, University of Montpellier , Montpellier , France.,c FondaMental Foundation , France
| | | | - Maude Seneque
- a Department of Emergency Psychiatry , Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier and Post Acute Care , CHU Montpellier , France.,b Inserm, University of Montpellier , Montpellier , France.,c FondaMental Foundation , France
| | - Sebastien Guillaume
- a Department of Emergency Psychiatry , Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier and Post Acute Care , CHU Montpellier , France.,b Inserm, University of Montpellier , Montpellier , France.,c FondaMental Foundation , France
| | - Emilie Olie
- a Department of Emergency Psychiatry , Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier and Post Acute Care , CHU Montpellier , France.,b Inserm, University of Montpellier , Montpellier , France.,c FondaMental Foundation , France
| | - Deborah Ducasse
- a Department of Emergency Psychiatry , Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier and Post Acute Care , CHU Montpellier , France.,b Inserm, University of Montpellier , Montpellier , France.,c FondaMental Foundation , France
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294
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Yuan R, Wang J, Guo LL. The Effect of Sleep Deprivation on Coronary Heart Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 31:247-253. [DOI: 10.1016/s1001-9294(17)30008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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295
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Hart CN, Hawley NL, Wing RR. Development of a Behavioral Sleep Intervention as a Novel Approach for Pediatric Obesity in School-aged Children. Sleep Med Clin 2016; 11:515-523. [PMID: 28118874 PMCID: PMC5425948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite being the focus of widespread public health efforts, childhood obesity remains an epidemic worldwide. Given the now well-documented consequences of obesity for childhood health and psychosocial functioning, as well as associated morbidity in adulthood, identifying novel, modifiable behaviors that can be targeted to improve weight control is imperative. Enhancing children's sleep may show promise in assisting with weight regulation. The present paper describes the development of a brief behavioral sleep intervention for school-aged children, including preliminary findings of this work as well as areas for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantelle N Hart
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Obesity Research and Education, College of Public Health, Temple University, 3223 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| | - Nicola L Hawley
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Rena R Wing
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, The Miriam Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 196 Richmond Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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296
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Frenda SJ, Fenn KM. Sleep Less, Think Worse: The Effect of Sleep Deprivation on Working Memory. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN MEMORY AND COGNITION 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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297
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Kalmbach DA, Pillai V, Arnedt JT, Drake CL. DSM-5 Insomnia and Short Sleep: Comorbidity Landscape and Racial Disparities. Sleep 2016; 39:2101-2111. [PMID: 27634805 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.6306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES We estimated rates of cardiometabolic disease, pain conditions, and psychiatric illness associated with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) insomnia disorder (current and in remission) and habitual short sleep (fewer than 6 h), and examined the roles of insomnia and short sleep in racial disparities in disease burden between black and non-Hispanic white Americans. METHODS This epidemiological survey study was cross-sectional. The community-based sample consisted of 3,911 subjects (46.0 y ± 13.3; 65.4% female; 25.0% black) across six sleep groups based on DSM-5 insomnia classification (never vs. remitted vs. current) and self-reported habitual sleep duration (normal vs. short). Vascular events, cardiometabolic disease, pain conditions, and psychiatric symptoms were self-reported. RESULTS Short sleeping insomniacs were at elevated risk for myocardial infarction, stroke, treated hypertension, diabetes, chronic pain, back pain, depression, and anxiety, independent of sex, age, and obesity. Morbidity profiles for insomniacs with normal sleep duration and former insomniacs, irrespective of sleep duration, were similar with elevations in treated hypertension, chronic pain, depression, and anxiety. Regarding racial disparities, cardiometabolic and psychiatric illness burden was greater for blacks, who were more likely to have short sleep and the short sleep insomnia phenotype. Evidence suggested that health disparities may be attributable in part to race-related differences in sleep. CONCLUSIONS Insomnia disorder with short sleep is the most severe phenotype of insomnia and comorbid with many cardiometabolic and psychiatric illnesses, whereas morbidity profiles are highly similar between insomniacs with normal sleep duration and former insomniacs. Short sleep endemic to black Americans increases risk for the short sleep insomnia phenotype and likely contributes to racial disparities in cardiometabolic disease and psychiatric illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Kalmbach
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Vivek Pillai
- Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - J Todd Arnedt
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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298
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Carvalho DZ, St Louis EK, Boeve BF, Mielke MM, Przybelski SA, Knopman DS, Machulda MM, Roberts RO, Geda YE, Petersen RC, Jack CR, Vemuri P. Excessive daytime sleepiness and fatigue may indicate accelerated brain aging in cognitively normal late middle-aged and older adults. Sleep Med 2016; 32:236-243. [PMID: 28065685 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2016.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and fatigue increases with age. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between EDS and fatigue with cortical thickness and hippocampal volume in cognitively normal, late middle-aged and older adults. We performed a cross-sectional observational study of 1374 cognitively-normal subjects aged 50 years and older who had a structural MRI. Regional cortical thickness and hippocampal volume were measured. Multiple linear regression models were fit to explore associations between EDS and fatigue and structural MRI measures in different brain regions, adjusting for multiple covariates. EDS was defined as Epworth Sleepiness Scale ≥10. Fatigue severity was assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory-2. 208 participants had EDS, 27 had significant fatigue, and 11 had both. Participants with EDS or fatigue had significantly lower cognitive scores, more disturbed sleep, and medical comorbidities. The presence of EDS was associated with both global and regional atrophy, whereas fatigue was more associated with frontal and temporal changes. Cortical thinning predicted by EDS and fatigue was maximal in the temporal region with average reduction of 34.2 μm (95% CI, -54.1, -14.3; P = 0.001) and 90.2 μm (95% CI, -142.1, -38.2; P = 0.001), respectively. Fatigue was also associated with hippocampal volume reduction of -374.2 mm3 (95% CI, -670.8, -77.7; P = 0.013). Temporal cortical thinning predicted by presence of EDS and fatigue was equivalent to more than 3.5 and 9 additional years of aging, respectively. EDS and fatigue were associated with cortical thickness reduction primarily in regions with increased age-susceptibility, which may indicate accelerated brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michelle M Mielke
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Rosebud O Roberts
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yonas E Geda
- Department of Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
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299
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Abstract
Sleep is important for regulating many physiologic functions that relate to metabolism. Because of this, there is substantial evidence to suggest that sleep habits and sleep disorders are related to diabetes risk. In specific, insufficient sleep duration and/or sleep restriction in the laboratory, poor sleep quality, and sleep disorders such as insomnia and sleep apnea have all been associated with diabetes risk. This research spans epidemiologic and laboratory studies. Both physiologic mechanisms such as insulin resistance, decreased leptin, and increased ghrelin and inflammation and behavioral mechanisms such as increased food intake, impaired decision-making, and increased likelihood of other behavioral risk factors such as smoking, sedentary behavior, and alcohol use predispose to both diabetes and obesity, which itself is an important diabetes risk factor. This review describes the evidence linking sleep and diabetes risk at the population and laboratory levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Grandner
- Sleep and Health Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N Campbell Ave, PO Box 245002, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5002, USA.
- Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Azizi Seixas
- Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Department of Population Health, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Safal Shetty
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Sundeep Shenoy
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
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300
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Kim KS, Kwak JW, Lim SJ, Park YK, Yang HS, Kim HJ. Oxidative Stress-induced Telomere Length Shortening of Circulating Leukocyte in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Aging Dis 2016; 7:604-613. [PMID: 27699083 PMCID: PMC5036955 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2016.0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The main mechanism of pathogenesis which causes systemic complications in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients is believed to be intermittent hypoxia-induced intermediary effect and it depends on the burden of oxidative stress during sleep. We aimed to search the predictive markers which reflect the burden of systemic oxidative stress in patients with OSA and whether excessive telomere length shortening is a characteristic feature that can assess oxidative stress levels. We used quantitative PCR to measure telomere length using peripheral blood genomic DNA. Telomere lengths were compared in an age- and body mass index (BMI)-dependent manner in 34 healthy volunteers and 43 OSA subjects. We also performed reactive oxygen species assay to measure the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the peripheral blood of healthy volunteers and OSA subjects. We found that the serum concentration of hydrogen peroxide was considerably higher in OSA patients, and that this was closely related with the severity of OSA. Significantly shortened telomere length was observed in the circulating leukocytes of the peripheral blood of OSA patients, and telomere length shortening was aggravated more acutely in an age- and BMI-dependent manner. An inverse correlation was observed between the concentration of hydrogen peroxide and the telomere length of OSA patients and excessive telomere length shortening was also linked to severity of OSA. The results provided evidence that telomere length shortening or excessive cellular aging might be distinctive in circulating leukocyte of OSA patients and may be an predictive biomarker for reflect the burden of oxidative stress in the peripheral blood of OSA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Soo Kim
- 2Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Wook Kwak
- 2Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Jin Lim
- 2Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Kyun Park
- 2Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon Shik Yang
- 2Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jik Kim
- 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine
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