251
|
Rael VE, Chen L, McIntosh CM, Alegre ML. Exercise increases skin graft resistance to rejection. Am J Transplant 2019; 19:1560-1567. [PMID: 30659772 PMCID: PMC7137356 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Regular exercise reduces risk of various chronic diseases and can prevent the development and recurrence of cancer, making it a promising nonpharmacological modulator of disease. Yet the effect of regular exercise on solid organ transplant outcome remains uncertain. Using a model of voluntary wheel-running exercise and skin transplantation in mice, we hypothesized that exercise strengthens the alloimmune response, leading to an increased rate of rejection. Instead, we found that regular exercise in mice resulted in prolonged graft survival, with mean allograft survival time increasing by almost 50%. We observed this graft survival extension in exercised mice despite evidence of a slightly enhanced alloimmune response, comprised of increased proliferation of alloreactive CD4+ T cells, as well as increased interferon-γ production by these cells. Exercise was not associated with significant changes in numbers of conventional CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, NK cells, or Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. In conclusion, our study suggests that exercise increases skin graft resistance to a similar or slightly higher level of alloimmunity and supports regular exercise as an important beneficial pursuit for transplant recipients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E. Rael
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Luqiu Chen
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Christine M. McIntosh
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Maria-Luisa Alegre
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| |
Collapse
|
252
|
YorkWilliams SL, Gust CJ, Mueller R, Bidwell LC, Hutchison KE, Gillman AS, Bryan AD. The New Runner's High? Examining Relationships Between Cannabis Use and Exercise Behavior in States With Legalized Cannabis. Front Public Health 2019; 7:99. [PMID: 31114776 PMCID: PMC6503143 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientific literature examining cannabis use in the context of health behaviors, such as exercise engagement, is extremely sparse and has yielded inconsistent findings. This issue is becoming increasingly relevant as cannabis legalization continues, a situation that has been associated with increased initiation of use among adults, and increased potency of available products in legalized states. Physical activity is among the most important health behaviors, but many Americans do not meet minimum exercise recommendations for healthy living. Common issues surrounding low exercise rates include inadequate enjoyment of and motivation to exercise, and poor recovery from exercise. It is unclear whether cannabis use shortly before and/or after exercise impacts these issues, and whether this co-use affects exercise performance. The present online survey study examines attitudes and behaviors regarding cannabis use with exercise among adult cannabis users living in states with full legal access (N = 605). Results indicated that the majority (81.7%) of participants endorsed using cannabis concurrently with exercise, and those who did tended to be younger and more likely to be males (p < 0.0005 for both). Even after controlling for these differences, co-users reported engaging in more minutes of aerobic and anaerobic exercise per week (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). In addition, the majority of participants who endorsed using cannabis shortly before/after exercise reported that doing so enhances their enjoyment of and recovery from exercise, and approximately half reported that it increases their motivation to exercise. This study represents an important step in clarifying cannabis use with exercise among adult users in states with legal cannabis markets, and provides guidance for future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L. YorkWilliams
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Charleen J. Gust
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Raeghan Mueller
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - L. Cinnamon Bidwell
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Kent E. Hutchison
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Arielle S. Gillman
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Angela D. Bryan
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
253
|
Predictors of Mindfulness Meditation and Exercise Practice, from MEPARI-2, a randomized controlled trial. Mindfulness (N Y) 2019; 10:1842-1854. [PMID: 31938076 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-019-01137-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Health-supporting behaviors can be challenging to initiate and maintain. Data from the MEPARI-2 randomized trial were used to assess predictors of sustained exercise and meditation practice. Methods Adults aged 30 to 69 years not exercising regularly and without prior meditation training were randomized to 8-week trainings in mindfulness meditation, moderate intensity exercise, or observational control, and monitored for 8 months. Exercise participants reported day-to-day minutes of moderate and vigorous activity; mindfulness meditation participants reported minutes of informal and formal practice. Demographic characteristics and psychosocial factors were assessed as predictors of practice. Growth mixture modeling was used to identify higher and lower practice subgroups. Results 413 participants (75.8% female; mean (SD) age 49.7 (11.6) years) were randomized to exercise (137), mindfulness meditation (138), or control (138), with 390 (95%) completing the study. Seventy-nine percent of exercisers and 62% of meditators reported ≥150 minutes/week practice for at least half of the 37 weeks monitored. Self-reported minutes of mindfulness meditation and/or exercise practice were significantly (p<0.01) predicted by baseline levels of: general mental health, self-efficacy, perceived stress, depressive symptoms, openness, neuroticism, physical activity, smoking status, and number of social contacts. Growth mixture modeling identified subsets of people with moderate (100-200 min/week) and high (300-450 min/week) levels of self-reported practice for both mindfulness meditation (62% moderate; 38% high) and exercise (71% moderate; 29% high). Conclusions In this sample, participants randomized to behavioral trainings reported high levels of practice sustained over 37 weeks. Baseline psychosocial measures predicted practice levels in expected directions.
Collapse
|
254
|
Greenwood BN, Fleshner M. Voluntary Wheel Running: A Useful Rodent Model for Investigating the Mechanisms of Stress Robustness and Neural Circuits of Exercise Motivation. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2019; 28:78-84. [PMID: 32766411 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite evidence that exercise reduces the negative impacts of stressor exposure and promotes stress robustness, health and well-being, most people fail to achieve recommended levels of physical activity. One reason for this failure could be our fundamental lack of understanding the brain motivational and motor circuits underlying voluntary exercise behavior. Wheel running is an animal model used to reveal mechanisms of exercise-induced stress robustness. Here we detail the strengths and weakness of wheel running as a model; and propose that running begins as a purposeful, goal-directed behavior that becomes habitual with continued access. This fresh perspective could aid in the development of novel strategies to motivate and sustain exercise behavior and maximize the stress-robust phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin N Greenwood
- University of Colorado-Denver, Department of Psychology, Campus Box 173, PO Box 173364, Denver, CO 80217-3364,
| | - Monika Fleshner
- University of Colorado-Boulder, Department of Integrative Physiology, Center for Neuroscience, UCB 354, Boulder, CO 80303.,University of Colorado-Boulder, Center for Neuroscience, UCB 354, Boulder, CO 80303,
| |
Collapse
|
255
|
Yao CJ, Basner M. Healthy behaviors competing for time: associations of sleep and exercise in working Americans. Sleep Health 2019; 5:23-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
256
|
Costa KG, Cabral DA, Hohl R, Fontes EB. Rewiring the Addicted Brain Through a Psychobiological Model of Physical Exercise. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:600. [PMID: 31507468 PMCID: PMC6718472 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug addiction is a worldwide public health problem, resulting from multiple phenomena, including those both social and biological. Chronic use of psychoactive substances has been shown to induce structural and functional changes in the brain that impair cognitive control and favor compulsive seeking behavior. Physical exercise has been proven to improve brain function and cognition in both healthy and clinical populations. While some studies have demonstrated the potential benefits of physical exercise in treating and preventing addictive behaviors, few studies have investigated its cognitive and neurobiological contributions to drug-addicted brains. Here, we review studies in humans using cognitive behavioral responses and neuroimaging techniques, which reveal that exercise can be an effective auxiliary treatment for drug addictive disorders. Moreover, we describe the neurobiological mechanisms by which exercise-induced neuroplasticity in the prefrontal cortex improves executive functions and may decrease compulsive behaviors in individuals prone to substance use disorders. Finally, we propose an integrative cognitive-psychobiological model of exercise for use in future research in drug addiction and practical guidance in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kell Grandjean Costa
- NEUROex: Research Group in Physical Activity, Cognition and Behavior, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Daniel Aranha Cabral
- NEUROex: Research Group in Physical Activity, Cognition and Behavior, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Hohl
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Bodnariuc Fontes
- NEUROex: Research Group in Physical Activity, Cognition and Behavior, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
257
|
Ozemek C, Laddu DR, Lavie CJ, Claeys H, Kaminsky LA, Ross R, Wisloff U, Arena R, Blair SN. An Update on the Role of Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Structured Exercise and Lifestyle Physical Activity in Preventing Cardiovascular Disease and Health Risk. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 61:484-490. [PMID: 30445160 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The cardiovascular disease (CVD) pandemic has placed considerable strain on healthcare systems, quality of life, and physical function, while remaining the leading cause of death globally. Decades of scientific investigations have fortified the protective effects of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), exercise training, and physical activity (PA) against the development of CVD. This review will summarize recent efforts that have made significant strides in; 1) the application of novel analytic techniques to increase the predictive utility of CRF; 2) understanding the protective effects of long-term compliance to PA recommendations through large cohort studies with multiple points of assessment; 3) and understanding the potential harms associated with extreme volumes of PA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cemal Ozemek
- Department of Physical Therapy and the Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Deepika R Laddu
- Department of Physical Therapy and the Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hannah Claeys
- Department of Physical Therapy and the Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Leonard A Kaminsky
- Fisher Institute of Health and Well-Being, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - Robert Ross
- Schoold of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ulrik Wisloff
- K. G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; School of Human Movement & Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Ross Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy and the Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Steven N Blair
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
258
|
Grigsby KB, Kelty TJ, Booth FW. Medial habenula maturational deficits associate with low motivation for voluntary physical activity. Brain Res 2018; 1698:187-194. [PMID: 30118717 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The habenula is a small, diencephalic structure comprised of distinct subnuclei which receives inputs from the limbic forebrain and sends projections to various regions in the midbrain, making this region well positioned to influence reward and motivation. Genetic ablation of the dorsal medial habenula is known to decrease voluntary wheel-running in mice. However, the extent to which the medial habenula (MHb) mediates wheel-running motivation in the context of high or low motivation for voluntary physical activity remains to be determined. In so, we utilized 5-week-old female rats selectively bred to voluntarily run high (HVR) or low (LVR) distances in order to determine if inherent differences in medial habenula maturation accompany inherent differences in wheel-running motivation. We report a significantly higher expression of genes associated with MHb development (Brn3a, Nurr1, Tac1, and Kcnip) in HVR versus LVR rats. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between Brn3a and Nurr1 expression and run distance in HVR, but not LVR rats. Similarly, NeuN and Synapsin 1, markers of neuronal maturation, were higher in HVR compared to LVR rats. Lastly, dendritic density was determined to be higher in the MHb of HVR versus LVR rats, while LVR rats showed a higher percentage of thin spines, suggesting a higher prevalence of immature dendrites in LVR rats. Taken together, the above findings highlight the involvement of MHb in driving the motivation to be physically active. Given pandemic levels of global physical inactivity, the role of the MHb offers a novel potential to improve our global health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kolter B Grigsby
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.
| | - Taylor J Kelty
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Frank W Booth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States; Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
259
|
Lessard SJ, MacDonald TL, Pathak P, Han MS, Coffey VG, Edge J, Rivas DA, Hirshman MF, Davis RJ, Goodyear LJ. JNK regulates muscle remodeling via myostatin/SMAD inhibition. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3030. [PMID: 30072727 PMCID: PMC6072737 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05439-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has a remarkable plasticity to adapt and remodel in response to environmental cues, such as physical exercise. Endurance exercise stimulates improvements in muscle oxidative capacity, while resistance exercise induces muscle growth. Here we show that the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is a molecular switch that when active, stimulates muscle fibers to grow, resulting in increased muscle mass. Conversely, when muscle JNK activation is suppressed, an alternative remodeling program is initiated, resulting in smaller, more oxidative muscle fibers, and enhanced aerobic fitness. When muscle is exposed to mechanical stress, JNK initiates muscle growth via phosphorylation of the transcription factor, SMAD2, at specific linker region residues leading to inhibition of the growth suppressor, myostatin. In human skeletal muscle, this JNK/SMAD signaling axis is activated by resistance exercise, but not endurance exercise. We conclude that JNK acts as a key mediator of muscle remodeling during exercise via regulation of myostatin/SMAD signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Lessard
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, 02215, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02215, MA, USA.
| | - Tara L MacDonald
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
| | - Prerana Pathak
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
| | - Myoung Sook Han
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, 01605, MA, USA
| | - Vernon G Coffey
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, 4226, QLD, Australia
- School of Medical Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
| | - Johann Edge
- Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Donato A Rivas
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, 02111, MA, USA
| | | | - Roger J Davis
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, 01605, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, 01605, MA, USA
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
260
|
Grigsby KB, Ruegsegger GN, Childs TE, Booth FW. Overexpression of Protein Kinase Inhibitor Alpha Reverses Rat Low Voluntary Running Behavior. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:1782-1797. [PMID: 29931508 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1171-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A gene was sought that could reverse low voluntary running distances in a model of low voluntary wheel-running behavior. In order to confirm the low motivation to wheel-run in our model does not result from defects in reward valuation, we employed sucrose preference and conditioned place preference for voluntary wheel-access. We observed no differences between our model and wild-type rats regarding the aforementioned behavioral testing. Instead, low voluntary runners seemed to require less running to obtain similar rewards for low voluntary running levels compared to wild-type rats. Previous work in our lab identified protein kinase inhibitor alpha as being lower in low voluntary running than wild-type rats. Next, nucleus accumbens injections of an adenoviral-associated virus that overexpressed the protein kinase inhibitor alpha gene increased running distance in low voluntary running, but not wild-type rats. Endogenous mRNA levels for protein kinase inhibitor alpha, dopamine receptor D1, dopamine receptor D2, and Fos were all only lower in wild-type rats following overexpression compared to low voluntary runners, suggesting a potential molecular and behavioral resistance in wild-type rats. Utilizing a nucleus accumbens preparation, three intermediate early gene mRNAs increased in low voluntary running slices after dopamine receptor agonist SKF-38393 exposure, while wild-type had no response. In summary, the results suggest that protein kinase inhibitor alpha is a promising gene candidate to partially rescue physical activity in the polygenic model of low voluntary running. Importantly, there were divergent molecular responses to protein kinase inhibitor alpha overexpression in low voluntary runners compared to wild-type rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kolter B Grigsby
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Gregory N Ruegsegger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Thomas E Childs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Frank W Booth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Department of Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Dalton Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
261
|
Zidon TM, Park YM, Welly RJ, Woodford ML, Scroggins RJ, Britton SL, Koch LG, Booth FW, Padilla J, Kanaley JA, Vieira-Potter VJ. Voluntary wheel running improves adipose tissue immunometabolism in ovariectomized low-fit rats. Adipocyte 2018; 7:20-34. [PMID: 29226756 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2017.1402991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of ovarian hormones is associated with increased adiposity, white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation, and insulin resistance (IR). Previous work demonstrated ovariectomized (OVX) rats bred for high aerobic fitness (HCR) are protected against weight gain and IR compared to rats bred for low aerobic fitness (LCR) yet wheel running prevents OVX-induced IR in LCR rats. The purpose of this study was to determine whether adipose tissue immunometabolic characteristics from female HCR and LCR rats differs before or after OVX, and whether wheel running mitigates OVX-induced adipose tissue immunometabolic changes in LCR rats. Female OVX HCR and LCR rats were all fed a high fat diet (HFD) (n = 7-8/group) and randomized to either a running wheel or remain sedentary for 11 weeks. Ovary-intact rats (n = 7-12/group) were fed a standard chow diet with no wheel. Ovary-intact LCR rats had a greater visceral WAT inflammatory profile compared to HCR. Following OVX, sedentary LCR rats had greater serum leptin (p<0.001) and WAT inflammation (p<0.05) than sedentary HCR. Wheel running normalized the elevated serum leptin and reduced both visceral (p<0.05) and subcutaneous (p<0.03) WAT inflammatory markers in the LCR rats. Paradoxically, wheel running increased some markers of WAT inflammation in OVX HCR rats (p<0.05), which correlated with observed weight gain. Taken together, HCR rats appear to have a healthier WAT immune and metabolic profile compared to LCR, even following OVX. Wheel running improves WAT health in previously sedentary LCR rats. On the other hand, increased WAT inflammation is associated with adiposity gain despite a high volume of wheel running in HCR rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terese M. Zidon
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, US
| | - Young-Min Park
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, US
| | - Rebecca J. Welly
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, US
| | - Makenzie L. Woodford
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, US
| | - Rebecca J. Scroggins
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, US
| | - Steven L. Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, US
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, US
| | - Lauren G. Koch
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, US
| | - Frank W. Booth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, US
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, US
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, US
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, US
| | - Jill A. Kanaley
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, US
| | | |
Collapse
|
262
|
Powell A. Exercise in congenital heart disease: A contemporary review of the literature. HEART AND MIND 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/hm.hm_38_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
|
263
|
Lin J, Wang K, Chen Z, Fan X, Shen L, Wang Y, Yang Y, Huang T. Associations Between Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Executive Functioning in Young Adults. Percept Mot Skills 2017; 125:278-288. [DOI: 10.1177/0031512517745438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Associations between daily physical activity (PA) and executive functioning have rarely been investigated among young adults. This study examined these associations among 162 university students (74 females and 88 males; mean age = 19.0, SD = 1.1 years). We measured PA objectively, using hip-mounted accelerometers, and assessed executive functioning in a task-switching paradigm. Anthropometrics measurements were gathered using standardized procedures. Through linear regression modeling, we found moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (β = −0.19, 95% CI = [−0.35, −0.03], p = .02) and light physical activity (β = −0.17, 95% CI = [−0.34, −0.01], p = .04) to be associated with smaller global reaction time switch costs. Total PA was not associated with task-switching performance, and there were no statistically significant associations between PA indicators and local switch costs. As both moderate-to-vigorous and light physical activities were associated with better executive function in young adults, there can be important cognitive benefits to remaining physically active.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lin
- Department of Physical Education, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuosong Chen
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Fan
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqun Shen
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanxiang Yang
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
264
|
Perez-Cruzado D, Cuesta-Vargas AI, Vera-Garcia E, Mayoral-Cleries F. Physical fitness and levels of physical activity in people with severe mental illness: a cross-sectional study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2017; 9:17. [PMID: 29204280 PMCID: PMC5702191 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-017-0082-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Physical fitness is a crucial variable in people with severe mental illness as these people could be more independent and improve their job opportunities. The present study compared the physical fitness of physically active and inactive people with severe mental illness. Methods Physical fitness was evaluated in sixty-two people with severe mental illness using 11 physical tests that include strength, flexibility, balance and aerobic condition. Significant differences were found between both groups in muscle strength (handgrip test) and balance (single leg balance test and functional reach) with better performance in the group of physically active people. Results The results of the present study suggest that physical fitness (strength and balance) is higher in people with severe mental illness who practise regular physical activity that those who are inactive people. Conclusions Physical active people may have a reduced risk of falls and fractures due to their higher levels of physical fitness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Perez-Cruzado
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Helath Sciences, University of Malaga, Av/ Arquitecto Peñalosa s/n, Malaga, Spain.,Clinimetric Research Group of Biomedicine Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA) Spain, Regional University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio I Cuesta-Vargas
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Helath Sciences, University of Malaga, Av/ Arquitecto Peñalosa s/n, Malaga, Spain.,School of Clinical Science, Faculty of Health Science, Queensland University Technology, Brisbane, QLD Australia.,Clinimetric Research Group of Biomedicine Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA) Spain, Regional University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
| | - Elisa Vera-Garcia
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Helath Sciences, University of Malaga, Av/ Arquitecto Peñalosa s/n, Malaga, Spain.,Mental Health Research Group of Biomedicine Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA) Spain, Regional University Hospital, Malaga, Spain
| | - Fermín Mayoral-Cleries
- Mental Health Research Group of Biomedicine Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA) Spain, Regional University Hospital, Malaga, Spain
| |
Collapse
|