251
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Teselkin YO, Khoreva MV, Veselova AV, Babenkova IV, Osipov AN, Gankovskaya LV, Vladimirov YA. Combined Effect of TLR2 Ligands on ROS Production by Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages. Bull Exp Biol Med 2018; 166:26-30. [PMID: 30417303 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-018-4281-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
TLR2-mediated ROS production by mouse peritoneal macrophages was studied by luminoldependent chemiluminescence under conditions of cell stimulation with zymosan (TLR2/6 ligand) and peptidoglycan (TLR2/1 ligand). ROS production by macrophages stimulated with zymosan and peptidoglycan simultaneously depended on the ratio of ligand concentrations. Three effects were revealed: additivity of the stimulating effects of the ligands used, competitive ligand binding, and effect of macrophage priming with peptidoglycan during cell stimulation with zymosan. The mechanisms of these effects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu O Teselkin
- N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
| | - M V Khoreva
- N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Veselova
- N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - I V Babenkova
- N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - A N Osipov
- N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - L V Gankovskaya
- N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu A Vladimirov
- N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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252
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Zhou Z, Ferdous F, Montagner P, Luchini D, Corrêa M, Loor J. Methionine and choline supply during the peripartal period alter polymorphonuclear leukocyte immune response and immunometabolic gene expression in Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:10374-10382. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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253
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Vogt KL, Summers C, Chilvers ER, Condliffe AM. Priming and de-priming of neutrophil responses in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48 Suppl 2:e12967. [PMID: 29896919 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The activation status of neutrophils can cycle from basal through primed to fully activated ("green-amber-red"), and at least in vitro, primed cells can spontaneously revert to a near basal phenotype. This broad range of neutrophil responsiveness confers extensive functional flexibility, allowing neutrophils to respond rapidly and appropriately to varied and evolving threats throughout the body. Primed and activated cells display dramatically enhanced bactericidal capacity (including augmented respiratory burst activity, degranulation and longevity), but this enhancement also confers the capacity for significant unintended tissue injury. Neutrophil priming and its consequences have been associated with adverse outcomes in a range of disease states, hence understanding the signalling processes that regulate the transition between basal and primed states (and back again) may offer new opportunities for therapeutic intervention in pathological settings. A wide array of host- and pathogen-derived molecules is able to modulate the functional status of these versatile cells. Reflecting this extensive repertoire of potential mediators, priming can be established by a range of signalling pathways (including mitogen-activated protein kinases, phosphoinositide 3-kinases, phospholipase D and calcium transients) and intracellular processes (including endocytosis, vesicle trafficking and the engagement of adhesion molecules). The signalling pathways engaged, and the exact cellular phenotype that results, vary according to the priming agent(s) to which the neutrophil is exposed and the precise environmental context. Herein we describe the signals that establish priming (in particular for enhanced respiratory burst, degranulation and prolonged lifespan) and describe the recently recognised process of de-priming, correlating in vitro observations with in vivo significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja L Vogt
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Bateson Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | - Alison M Condliffe
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Bateson Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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254
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Belambri SA, Rolas L, Raad H, Hurtado-Nedelec M, Dang PMC, El-Benna J. NADPH oxidase activation in neutrophils: Role of the phosphorylation of its subunits. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48 Suppl 2:e12951. [PMID: 29757466 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are key cells of innate immunity and during inflammation. Upon activation, they produce large amounts of superoxide anion (O2 -. ) and ensuing reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill phagocytized microbes. The enzyme responsible for O2 -. production is called the phagocyte NADPH oxidase. This is a multicomponent enzyme system that becomes active after assembly of four cytosolic proteins (p47phox , p67phox , p40phox and Rac2) with the transmembrane proteins (p22phox and gp91phox , which form the cytochrome b558 ). gp91phox represents the catalytic subunit of the NADPH oxidase and is also called NOX2. NADPH oxidase-derived ROS are essential for microbial killing and innate immunity; however, excessive ROS production induces tissue injury and prolonged inflammatory reactions that contribute to inflammatory diseases. Thus, NADPH oxidase activation must be tightly regulated in time and space to limit ROS production. NADPH oxidase activation is regulated by several processes such as phosphorylation of its components, exchange of GDP/GTP on Rac2 and binding of p47phox and p40phox to phospholipids. This review aims to provide new insights into the role of the phosphorylation of the NADPH oxidase components, that is gp91phox , p22phox , p47phox , p67phox and p40phox , in the activation of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahra A Belambri
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Équipe de Recherche: Stress Oxydatif et Inflammation, Département de Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences De la Nature et de la Vie, Université Ferhat Abbes 1, Sétif, Algérie
| | - Loïc Rolas
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Houssam Raad
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Margarita Hurtado-Nedelec
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,Département d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, UF Dysfonctionnements Immunitaires, HUPNVS, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Pham My-Chan Dang
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
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255
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Gómez-Moreno D, Adrover JM, Hidalgo A. Neutrophils as effectors of vascular inflammation. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48 Suppl 2:e12940. [PMID: 29682731 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vascular inflammation underlies most forms of cardiovascular disease, which remains a prevalent cause of death among the global population. Advances in the biology of neutrophils, as well as insights into their dynamics in tissues, have revealed that these cells are prominent drivers of vascular inflammation though derailed activation within blood vessels. The development of powerful imaging techniques, as well as identification of cells and molecules that regulate their activation within vessels, including platelets and catecholamines, has been instrumental to better understand the mechanisms through which neutrophils protect or damage the organism. Other advances in our understanding of how these leucocytes exert detrimental functions on neighbouring cells, including the formation of DNA-based extracellular traps, constitute milestones in defining neutrophil-driven inflammation. Here, we review emerging mechanisms that regulate intravascular activation and effector functions of neutrophils, and discuss specific pathologies in which these processes are relevant. We argue that identification of pathways and mechanisms specifically engaged within the vasculature may provide effective therapies to treat this prevalent group of pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Gómez-Moreno
- Area of Developmental and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Adrover
- Area of Developmental and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Area of Developmental and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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256
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Zhang Y, Geng S, Prasad GL, Li L. Suppression of Neutrophil Antimicrobial Functions by Total Particulate Matter From Cigarette Smoke. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2274. [PMID: 30337926 PMCID: PMC6180193 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cigarette smoking is widely known to alter immune functions and compromise host defense against microbial infection. Neutrophils play an essential role in the immune defense against microbial pathogens and also participate in the development of the inflammatory responses. However, there is limited information about the effects of cigarette smoking on neutrophil response. In this study, cultured bone marrow neutrophils were exposed to total particulate matter (TPM) from cigarette smoke. We found that TPM not only reduced LPS-induced TNFα production, but also suppressed neutrophil bactericidal activity. We also observed that TPM priming reduced the expression of NADPH oxidase component gp91 and iNOS, molecules important for bacterial killing. Mechanistically, we documented that TPM-primed neutrophils have reduced STAT1 activation following subsequent LPS challenge. STAT1 is a key transcription factor responsible for the expression of inflammatory genes as well as gp91 and iNOS. Collectively, reduced STAT1 activation and reduced NADPH oxidase/iNOS may potentially explain the compromised anti-microbial function of TPM-programmed neutrophils. Taken together, our findings reveal that the key innate immune neutrophil is subject to reprogramming by smoking to adopt an immune-suppressed state, potentially responsible for chronic smoking-mediated immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Shuo Geng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - G. L. Prasad
- RAI Services Company, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Liwu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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257
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Westerman TL, Bogomolnaya L, Andrews-Polymenis HL, Sheats MK, Elfenbein JR. The Salmonella type-3 secretion system-1 and flagellar motility influence the neutrophil respiratory burst. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203698. [PMID: 30204776 PMCID: PMC6133356 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are innate immune response cells designed to kill invading microorganisms. One of the mechanisms neutrophils use to kill bacteria is generation of damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the respiratory burst. However, during enteric salmonellosis, neutrophil-derived ROS actually facilitates Salmonella expansion and survival in the gut. This seeming paradox led us to hypothesize that Salmonella may possess mechanisms to influence the neutrophil respiratory burst. In this work, we used an in vitro Salmonella-neutrophil co-culture model to examine the impact of enteric infection relevant virulence factors on the respiratory burst of human neutrophils. We report that neutrophils primed with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor and suspended in serum containing complement produce a robust respiratory burst when stimulated with viable STm. The magnitude of the respiratory burst increases when STm are grown under conditions to induce the expression of the type-3 secretion system-1. STm mutants lacking the type-3 secretion system-1 induce less neutrophil ROS than the virulent WT. In addition, we demonstrate that flagellar motility is a significant agonist of the neutrophil respiratory burst. Together our data demonstrate that both the type-3 secretion system-1 and flagellar motility, which are established virulence factors in enteric salmonellosis, also appear to directly influence the magnitude of the neutrophil respiratory burst in response to STm in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trina L. Westerman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Lydia Bogomolnaya
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States of America
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Helene L. Andrews-Polymenis
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States of America
| | - M. Katherine Sheats
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Johanna R. Elfenbein
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
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258
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Perera NCN, Godahewa GI, Nam BH, Park JY, Lee J. Two metalloenzymes from rockfish (Sebastes schligellii): Deciphering their potential involvement in redox homeostasis against oxidative stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 80:31-45. [PMID: 29859306 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Disturbance in the balance between pro-oxidants and anti-oxidants result oxidative stress in aerobic organisms. However, oxidative stress can be inhibited by enzymatic and non-enzymatic defense mechanisms. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are well-known scavengers of superoxide radicals, and they protect cells by detoxifying hazardous reactive oxygen species. Here, we have identified and characterized two different SODs, CuZnSOD and MnSOD, from black rockfish (RfCuZnSOD and RfMnSOD, respectively). In silico analysis revealed the well-conserved molecular structures comprising all essential properties of CuZnSOD and MnSOD. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that both RfCuZnSOD and RfMnSOD cladded with their fish counterparts. The recombinant RfSOD proteins demonstrated their potential superoxide scavenging abilities through a xanthine oxidase assay. The optimum temperature and pH conditions for both rRfSODs were 25 °C and pH 8, respectively. Moreover, the potential peroxidation function of rRfCuZnSOD was observed in the presence of HCO3-. The highest peroxidation activity was observed at 100 μg/mL of rRfCuZnSOD using the MTT cell viability assay and flow cytometry. The analogous tissue-specific expression profile indicated ubiquitous expression of both RfCuZnSOD and RfMnSOD in selected tissues of healthy juvenile rockfish. An immune challenge experiment illustrated the altered expression profiles of both RfCuZnSOD and RfMnSOD against lipopolysaccharide, Streptococcus iniae, and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C). Collectively, these results strengthen the general understanding of the structural and functional characteristics of SODs within the host defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C N Perera
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - G I Godahewa
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hye Nam
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 408-1 Sirang-ri, Gijang-up, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Youn Park
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 408-1 Sirang-ri, Gijang-up, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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259
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Mårtensson J, Holdfeldt A, Sundqvist M, Gabl M, Kenakin TP, Björkman L, Forsman H, Dahlgren C. Neutrophil priming that turns natural FFA2R agonists into potent activators of the superoxide generating NADPH‐oxidase. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:1117-1132. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2a0318-130rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Mårtensson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation ResearchInstitute of MedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Göteborg Sweden
- Unit of RheumatologySahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
| | - André Holdfeldt
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation ResearchInstitute of MedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Göteborg Sweden
| | - Martina Sundqvist
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation ResearchInstitute of MedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Göteborg Sweden
| | - Michael Gabl
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation ResearchInstitute of MedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Göteborg Sweden
| | - Terry P. Kenakin
- Department of PharmacologyUNC‐Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Lena Björkman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation ResearchInstitute of MedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Göteborg Sweden
- Unit of RheumatologySahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Huamei Forsman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation ResearchInstitute of MedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Göteborg Sweden
| | - Claes Dahlgren
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation ResearchInstitute of MedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Göteborg Sweden
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260
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Unno Y, Sato Y, Fukuda H, Ishimura K, Ikeda H, Watanabe M, Tansho-Nagakawa S, Ubagai T, Shuto S, Ono Y. Resolvin E1, but not resolvins E2 and E3, promotes fMLF-induced ROS generation in human neutrophils. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:2706-2715. [PMID: 30069868 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
E-series resolvins are biosynthesized from eicosapentaenoic acid during the resolution phase of acute inflammation and enhance inflammation resolution. However, the role of E-series resolvins in inflammation resolution is not yet known. Herein, we show that in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), resolvin E1 (RvE1) selectively enhances reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation induced by N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. The RvE1-mediated enhancement is eliminated by a pan-antagonist of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptors, LY255283, or an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, diphenyleneiodonium. Thus, RvE1 enhances NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS generation via LTB4 receptors. Unlike RvE1, resolvins E2 and E3 do not show such activation of PMNs. Our findings suggest that RvE1 contributes to regulation of ROS generation, in accordance with the inflammatory state of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Unno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Sato
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Japan
| | - Hayato Fukuda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kohei Ishimura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ikeda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mizuki Watanabe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Tansho-Nagakawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Japan
| | - Tsuneyuki Ubagai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shuto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ono
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Japan
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261
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Wang G, Lin A, Han Q, Zhao H, Tian Z, Zhang J. IFN-γ protects from apoptotic neutrophil-mediated tissue injury during acute Listeria monocytogenes infection. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:1470-1480. [PMID: 29935120 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is a foodborne Gram-positive intracellular pathogen that can cause listeriosis in humans and animals. Although phagocytes are known to be involved in the response to this infection, the role of neutrophils is not entirely clear. Here, we have demonstrated that soon after LM infection, a large number of IFN-γ-producing neutrophils quickly accumulated in the spleen, blood, and peritoneal cavity. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that neutrophils were an important source of IFN-γ. IFN-γ played a critical protective role against acute LM infection, as demonstrated by the poor survival of Ifng-/- mice. Moreover, IFN-γ promoted bacterial clearance by the neutrophils, thereby inhibiting LM-induced neutrophil apoptosis and spleen damage. In addition to this, IFN-γ could effectively drive macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils, which was accompanied with TGF-β secretion and was involved in protection against tissue injury. Importantly, by phagocytizing apoptotic neutrophils, macrophages obtained myeloperoxidase, an important bactericidal molecule only produced by neutrophils, which further promoted the antibacterial activity of macrophages. These findings demonstrate that neutrophils are an important source of IFN-γ at the early stage of LM infection, which is characterized by both LM elimination and tissue-protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Wang
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ang Lin
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiuju Han
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huajun Zhao
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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262
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Fonseca Z, Díaz-Godínez C, Mora N, Alemán OR, Uribe-Querol E, Carrero JC, Rosales C. Entamoeba histolytica Induce Signaling via Raf/MEK/ERK for Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) Formation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:226. [PMID: 30023352 PMCID: PMC6039748 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Amoebiasis, the disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica is the third leading cause of human deaths among parasite infections. E. histolytica was reported associated with around 100 million cases of amoebic dysentery, colitis and amoebic liver abscess that lead to almost 50,000 fatalities worldwide in 2010. E. histolytica infection is associated with the induction of inflammation characterized by a large number of infiltrating neutrophils. These neutrophils have been implicated in defense against this parasite, by mechanisms not completely described. The neutrophil antimicrobial mechanisms include phagocytosis, degranulation, and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Recently, our group reported that NETs are also produced in response to E. histolytica trophozoites. But, the mechanism for NETs induction remains unknown. In this report we explored the possibility that E. histolytica leads to NETs formation via a signaling pathway similar to the pathways activated by PMA or the Fc receptor FcγRIIIb. Neutrophils were stimulated by E. histolytica trophozoites and the effect of various pharmacological inhibitors on amoeba-induced NETs formation was assessed. Selective inhibitors of Raf, MEK, and NF-κB prevented E. histolytica-induced NET formation. In contrast, inhibitors of PKC, TAK1, and NADPH-oxidase did not block E. histolytica-induced NETs formation. E. histolytica induced phosphorylation of ERK in a Raf and MEK dependent manner. These data show that E. histolytica activates a signaling pathway to induce NETs formation, that involves Raf/MEK/ERK, but it is independent of PKC, TAK1, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus, amoebas activate neutrophils via a different pathway from the pathways activated by PMA or the IgG receptor FcγRIIIb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zayda Fonseca
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - César Díaz-Godínez
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nancy Mora
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Omar R Alemán
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eileen Uribe-Querol
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julio C Carrero
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Rosales
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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263
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González-Bosch C. Priming plant resistance by activation of redox-sensitive genes. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 122:171-180. [PMID: 29277443 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Priming by natural compounds is an interesting alternative for sustainable agriculture, which also contributes to explore the molecular mechanisms associated with stress tolerance. Although hosts and stress types eventually determine the mode of action of plant-priming agents, it highlights that many of them act on redox signalling. These include vitamins thiamine, riboflavin and quercetin; organic acids like pipecolic, azelaic and hexanoic; volatile organic compounds such as methyl jasmonate; cell wall components like chitosans and oligogalacturonides; H2O2, etc. This review provides data on how priming inducers promote stronger and faster responses to stress by modulating the oxidative environment, and interacting with signalling pathways mediated by salycilic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene. The histone modifications involved in priming that affect the transcription of defence-related genes are also discussed. Despite the evolutionary distance between plants and animals, and the fact that the plant innate immunity takes place in each plant cell, they show many similarities in the molecular mechanisms that underlie pathogen perception and further signalling to activate defence responses. This review highlights the similarities between priming through redox signalling in plants and in mammalian cells. The strategies used by pathogens to manipulate the host´s recognition and the further activation of defences also show similarities in both kingdoms. Moreover, phytochemicals like sulforaphane and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid prime both plant and mammalian responses by activating redox-sensitive genes. Hence research data into the priming of plant defences can provide additional information and a new viewpoint for priming mammalian defence, and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen González-Bosch
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universitat de València, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA/CSIC), Avenida Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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264
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NADPH oxidases and ROS signaling in the gastrointestinal tract. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:1011-1023. [PMID: 29743611 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), initially categorized as toxic by-products of aerobic metabolism, have often been called a double-edged sword. ROS are considered indispensable when host defense and redox signaling is concerned and a threat in inflammatory or degenerative diseases. This generalization does not take in account the diversity of oxygen metabolites being generated, their physicochemical characteristics and their production by distinct enzymes in space and time. NOX/DUOX NADPH oxidases are the only enzymes solely dedicated to ROS production and the prime ROS producer for intracellular and intercellular communication due to their widespread expression and intricate regulation. Here we discuss new insights of how NADPH oxidases act via ROS as multifaceted regulators of the intestinal barrier in homeostasis, infectious disease and intestinal inflammation. A closer look at monogenic VEOIBD and commensals as ROS source supports the view of H2O2 as key beneficial messenger in the barrier ecosystem.
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265
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Di Teodoro G, Marruchella G, Mosca F, Di Provvido A, Sacchini F, Tiscar PG, Scacchia M. Polymorphonuclear cells and reactive oxygen species in contagious bovine pleuropneumonia: New insight from in vitro investigations. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 201:16-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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266
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Pimenta TS, Chaves NF, Rodrigues APD, Diniz CWP, DaMatta RA, Diniz Junior JAP. Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor alone reduces Toxoplasma gondii replication in microglial culture by superoxide and nitric oxide, without IFN-γ production: a preliminary report. Microbes Infect 2018; 20:385-390. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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267
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Ritzel RM, Doran SJ, Barrett JP, Henry RJ, Ma EL, Faden AI, Loane DJ. Chronic Alterations in Systemic Immune Function after Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:1419-1436. [PMID: 29421977 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a compelling link between severe brain trauma and immunosuppression in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Although acute changes in the systemic immune compartment have been linked to outcome severity, the long-term consequences of TBI on systemic immune function are unknown. Here, adult male C57Bl/6 mice underwent moderate-level controlled cortical impact (CCI) or sham surgery, and systemic immune function was evaluated at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 60 days post-injury. Bone marrow, blood, thymus, and spleen were examined by flow cytometry to assess changes in immune composition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, phagocytic activity, and cytokine production. Bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) from sham and 60-day CCI mice were cultured for immune challenge studies using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) models. Acutely, TBI caused robust bone marrow activation and neutrophilia. Neutrophils and monocytes exhibited impairments in respiratory burst, cytokine production, and phagocytosis; in contrast, ROS levels and pro-inflammatory cytokine production were chronically elevated at 60 days post-injury. Cultures of BMDMs from chronic CCI mice demonstrated defects in LPS- and IL-4-induced polarization when compared with stimulated BMDMs from sham mice. TBI also caused thymic involution, inverted CD4:CD8 ratios, chronic T lymphopenia, greater memory conversion, increased T cell activation, impaired interferon γ induction, and chronically elevated Th1 cytokine and ROS production. Collectively, our in-depth phenotypic and functional analyses demonstrate that TBI induces widespread suppression of innate and adaptive immune responses after TBI. Moreover, at chronic time points, TBI mice exhibit hallmarks of accelerated immune aging, displaying chronic deficits in systemic immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney M Ritzel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sarah J Doran
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James P Barrett
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rebecca J Henry
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elise L Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alan I Faden
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David J Loane
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
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268
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Jaeschke H, Ramachandran A. Oxidant Stress and Lipid Peroxidation in Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity. REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (APEX, N.C.) 2018; 5:145-158. [PMID: 29682614 PMCID: PMC5903282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the most frequent cause of liver injury and acute liver failure in many western countries. The mechanism of APAP-induced hepatocyte necrosis has been investigated extensively. The formation of a reactive metabolite and its binding to cellular proteins was initially thought to be responsible for cell death. A competing hypothesis was introduced that questioned the relevance of protein binding and instead suggested that P450-derived oxidant stress and lipid peroxidation causes APAP-induced liver injury. However, work over the last 15 years has reconciled some of these apparent contradictory hypotheses. This review summarizes the present state of knowledge on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in APAP hepatotoxicity. Detailed investigations into the sources and relevance of the oxidant stress have clearly shown the critical role of the electron transport chain of mitochondria as main source of the oxidant stress. Other potential sources of ROS such as cytochrome P450 enzymes or NADPH oxidase on phagocytes are of limited relevance. The mitochondria-derived superoxide and peroxynitrite formation is initiated by the binding of the reactive metabolite to mitochondrial proteins and the amplification by mitogen activated protein kinases. The consequences of this oxidant stress are the opening of the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore with cessation of ATP synthesis, nuclear DNA fragmentation and ultimately cell necrosis. Lipid peroxidation is not a relevant mechanism of cell death but can be a marker of ROS formation. These mechanistic insights suggest that targeting mitochondrial oxidant stress is a promising therapeutic option for APAP hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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269
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Armstrong CL, Klaes CK, Vashishta A, Lamont RJ, Uriarte SM. Filifactor alocis manipulates human neutrophils affecting their ability to release neutrophil extracellular traps induced by PMA. Innate Immun 2018; 24:210-220. [PMID: 29649915 PMCID: PMC6410572 DOI: 10.1177/1753425918767507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils operate at the site of injury or inflammation in the periodontal
pocket to ensure periodontal health and clearance of bacterial pathogens.
Filifactor alocis is recently identified as a potential
periodontal pathogen, and in this study, we assessed the formation of neutrophil
extracellular traps (NETs), in response to the presence of the
organism. NET formation by human neutrophils was not
induced when challenged with F. alocis, independent of
opsonization, viability, time, or bacterial dose. F. alocis
also failed to induce NETs from TNF-α-primed neutrophils and did not induce the
release of extracellular neutrophil elastase. However, significant NET induction
was observed when neutrophils were challenged with Streptococcus
gordonii or Peptoanaerobacter stomatis, In
addition, co-infection studies revealed that the presence of F.
alocis with S. gordonii or P.
stomatis does not enhance or reduce NETs. Additionally, F.
alocis failed to impact pre-formed NETs induced by either
S. gordonii or P. stomatis. Pretreatment
with F. alocis prior to stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate
13-acetate (PMA), S. gordonii, or P. stomatis
revealed that the bacterium is capable of reducing only PMA but not S.
gordonii or P. stomatis NET formation. These
results indicate that F. alocis manipulates neutrophils,
inhibiting the triggering of NET induction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Richard J Lamont
- 3 Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, USA
| | - Silvia M Uriarte
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, USA.,2 Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, USA.,3 Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, USA
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270
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Curran CS, Bolig T, Torabi-Parizi P. Mechanisms and Targeted Therapies for Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lung Infection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 197:708-727. [PMID: 29087211 PMCID: PMC5855068 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201705-1043so] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a complex gram-negative facultative anaerobe replete with a variety of arsenals to activate, modify, and destroy host defense mechanisms. The microbe is a common cause of nosocomial infections and an antibiotic-resistant priority pathogen. In the lung, P. aeruginosa disrupts upper and lower airway homeostasis by damaging the epithelium and evading innate and adaptive immune responses. The biology of these interactions is essential to understand P. aeruginosa pathogenesis. P. aeruginosa interacts directly with host cells via flagella, pili, lipoproteins, lipopolysaccharides, and the type III secretion system localized in the outer membrane. P. aeruginosa quorum-sensing molecules regulate the release of soluble factors that enhance the spread of infection. These characteristics of P. aeruginosa differentially affect lung epithelial, innate, and adaptive immune cells involved in the production of mediators and the recruitment of additional immune cell subsets. Pathogen interactions with individual host cells and in the context of host acute lung infection are discussed to reveal pathways that may be targeted therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen S Curran
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Thomas Bolig
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Parizad Torabi-Parizi
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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271
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Roach DR, Leung CY, Henry M, Morello E, Singh D, Di Santo JP, Weitz JS, Debarbieux L. Synergy between the Host Immune System and Bacteriophage Is Essential for Successful Phage Therapy against an Acute Respiratory Pathogen. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 22:38-47.e4. [PMID: 28704651 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The rise of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has spurred renewed interest in the use of bacteriophages in therapy. However, mechanisms contributing to phage-mediated bacterial clearance in an animal host remain unclear. We investigated the effects of host immunity on the efficacy of phage therapy for acute pneumonia caused by MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a mouse model. Comparing efficacies of phage-curative and prophylactic treatments in healthy immunocompetent, MyD88-deficient, lymphocyte-deficient, and neutrophil-depleted murine hosts revealed that neutrophil-phage synergy is essential for the resolution of pneumonia. Population modeling of in vivo results further showed that neutrophils are required to control both phage-sensitive and emergent phage-resistant variants to clear infection. This "immunophage synergy" contrasts with the paradigm that phage therapy success is largely due to bacterial permissiveness to phage killing. Lastly, therapeutic phages were not cleared by pulmonary immune effector cells and were immunologically well tolerated by lung tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwayne R Roach
- Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Chung Yin Leung
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Marine Henry
- Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Eric Morello
- Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Devika Singh
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - James P Di Santo
- Innate Immunity Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France; Inserm U1223, Paris 75015, France
| | - Joshua S Weitz
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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272
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Human milk H 2O 2 content: does it benefit preterm infants? Pediatr Res 2018; 83:687-692. [PMID: 29166382 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundHuman milk has a high content of the antimicrobial compound hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). As opposed to healthy full-term infants, preterm neonates are fed previously expressed and stored maternal milk. These practices may favor H2O2 decomposition, thus limiting its potential benefit to preterm infants. The goal of this study was to evaluate the factors responsible for H2O2 generation and degradation in breastmilk.MethodsHuman donors' and rats' milk, along with rat mammary tissue were evaluated. The role of oxytocin and xanthine oxidase on H2O2 generation, its pH-dependent stability, as well as its degradation via lactoperoxidase and catalase was measured in milk.ResultsBreast tissue xanthine oxidase is responsible for the H2O2 generation and its milk content is dependent on oxytocin stimulation. Stability of the human milk H2O2 content is pH-dependent and greatest in the acidic range. Complete H2O2 degradation occurs when human milk is maintained, longer than 10 min, at room temperature and this process is suppressed by lactoperoxidase and catalase inhibition.ConclusionFresh breastmilk H2O2 content is labile and quickly degrades at room temperature. Further investigation on breastmilk handling techniques to preserve its H2O2 content, when gavage-fed to preterm infants is warranted.
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273
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Sundqvist M, Christenson K, Holdfeldt A, Gabl M, Mårtensson J, Björkman L, Dieckmann R, Dahlgren C, Forsman H. Similarities and differences between the responses induced in human phagocytes through activation of the medium chain fatty acid receptor GPR84 and the short chain fatty acid receptor FFA2R. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:695-708. [PMID: 29477577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
GPR84 is a recently de-orphanized member of the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family recognizing medium chain fatty acids, and has been suggested to play important roles in inflammation. Due to the lack of potent and selective GPR84 ligands, the basic knowledge related to GPR84 functions is very limited. In this study, we have characterized the GPR84 activation profile and regulation mechanism in human phagocytes, using two recently developed small molecules that specifically target GPR84 agonistically (ZQ16) and antagonistically (GLPG1205), respectively. Compared to our earlier characterization of the short chain fatty acid receptor FFA2R which is functionally expressed in neutrophils but not in monocytes, GPR84 is expressed in both cell types and in monocyte-derived macrophages. In neutrophils, the GPR84 agonist had an activation profile very similar to that of FFA2R. The GPR84-mediated superoxide release was low in naïve cells, but the response could be significantly primed by TNFα and by the actin cytoskeleton disrupting agent Latrunculin A. Similar to that of FFA2R, a desensitization mechanism bypassing the actin cytoskeleton was utilized by GPR84. All ZQ16-mediated cellular responses were sensitive to GLPG1205, confirming the GPR84-dependency. Finally, our data of in vivo transmigrated tissue neutrophils indicate that both GPR84 and FFA2R are involved in neutrophil recruitment processes in vivo. In summary, we show functional similarities but also some important differences between GPR84 and FFA2R in human phagocytes, thus providing some mechanistic insights into GPR84 regulation in blood neutrophils and cells recruited to an aseptic inflammatory site in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Sundqvist
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska, Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Christenson
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - André Holdfeldt
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska, Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Gabl
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska, Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas Mårtensson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska, Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Björkman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska, Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Regis Dieckmann
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska, Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Dahlgren
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska, Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Huamei Forsman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska, Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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274
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Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in the circulation, and have been regarded as first line of defense in the innate arm of the immune system. They capture and destroy invading microorganisms, through phagocytosis and intracellular degradation, release of granules, and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps after detecting pathogens. Neutrophils also participate as mediators of inflammation. The classical view for these leukocytes is that neutrophils constitute a homogenous population of terminally differentiated cells with a unique function. However, evidence accumulated in recent years, has revealed that neutrophils present a large phenotypic heterogeneity and functional versatility, which place neutrophils as important modulators of both inflammation and immune responses. Indeed, the roles played by neutrophils in homeostatic conditions as well as in pathological inflammation and immune processes are the focus of a renovated interest in neutrophil biology. In this review, I present the concept of neutrophil phenotypic and functional heterogeneity and describe several neutrophil subpopulations reported to date. I also discuss the role these subpopulations seem to play in homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rosales
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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275
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Sendler M, Weiss FU, Golchert J, Homuth G, van den Brandt C, Mahajan UM, Partecke LI, Döring P, Gukovsky I, Gukovskaya AS, Wagh PR, Lerch MM, Mayerle J. Cathepsin B-Mediated Activation of Trypsinogen in Endocytosing Macrophages Increases Severity of Pancreatitis in Mice. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:704-718.e10. [PMID: 29079517 PMCID: PMC6663074 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Acute pancreatitis is characterized by premature intracellular activation of digestive proteases within pancreatic acini and a consecutive systemic inflammatory response. We investigated how these processes interact during severe pancreatitis in mice. METHODS Pancreatitis was induced in C57Bl/6 wild-type (control), cathepsin B (CTSB)-knockout, and cathepsin L-knockout mice by partial pancreatic duct ligation with supramaximal caerulein injection, or by repetitive supramaximal caerulein injections alone. Immune cells that infiltrated the pancreas were characterized by immunofluorescence detection of Ly6g, CD206, and CD68. Macrophages were isolated from bone marrow and incubated with bovine trypsinogen or isolated acinar cells; the macrophages were then transferred into pancreatitis control or cathepsin-knockout mice. Activities of proteases and nuclear factor (NF)-κB were determined using fluorogenic substrates and trypsin activity was blocked by nafamostat. Cytokine levels were measured using a cytometric bead array. We performed immunohistochemical analyses to detect trypsinogen, CD206, and CD68 in human chronic pancreatitis (n = 13) and acute necrotizing pancreatitis (n = 15) specimens. RESULTS Macrophages were the predominant immune cell population that migrated into the pancreas during induction of pancreatitis in control mice. CD68-positive macrophages were found to phagocytose acinar cell components, including zymogen-containing vesicles, in pancreata from mice with pancreatitis, as well as human necrotic pancreatic tissues. Trypsinogen became activated in macrophages cultured with purified trypsinogen or co-cultured with pancreatic acini and in pancreata of mice with pancreatitis; trypsinogen activation required macrophage endocytosis and expression and activity of CTSB, and was sensitive to pH. Activation of trypsinogen in macrophages resulted in translocation of NF-kB and production of inflammatory cytokines; mice without trypsinogen activation (CTSB-knockout mice) in macrophages developed less severe pancreatitis compared with control mice. Transfer of macrophage from control mice to CTSB-knockout mice increased the severity of pancreatitis. Inhibition of trypsin activity in macrophages prevented translocation of NF-κB and production of inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS Studying pancreatitis in mice, we found activation of digestive proteases to occur not only in acinar cells but also in macrophages that infiltrate pancreatic tissue. Activation of the proteases in macrophage occurs during endocytosis of zymogen-containing vesicles, and depends on pH and CTSB. This process involves macrophage activation via NF-κB-translocation, and contributes to systemic inflammation and severity of pancreatitis.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Cathepsin B/deficiency
- Cathepsin B/genetics
- Cathepsin B/metabolism
- Cathepsin L/deficiency
- Cathepsin L/genetics
- Cells, Cultured
- Ceruletide
- Coculture Techniques
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endocytosis
- Enzyme Activation
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Humans
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Macrophages/enzymology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/pathology
- Macrophages/transplantation
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/deficiency
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/genetics
- Necrosis
- Pancreas/enzymology
- Pancreas/immunology
- Pancreas/pathology
- Pancreatectomy
- Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/chemically induced
- Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/enzymology
- Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/immunology
- Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/pathology
- Phagocytosis
- Phenotype
- Severity of Illness Index
- Time Factors
- Trypsinogen/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Sendler
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frank-Ulrich Weiss
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Janine Golchert
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Ujjwal M Mahajan
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Lars-Ivo Partecke
- Department of Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Paula Döring
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ilya Gukovsky
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, California
| | - Anna S Gukovskaya
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, California
| | - Preshit R Wagh
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julia Mayerle
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany.
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276
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The polymethoxy flavonoid sudachitin suppresses inflammatory bone destruction by directly inhibiting osteoclastogenesis due to reduced ROS production and MAPK activation in osteoclast precursors. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191192. [PMID: 29342179 PMCID: PMC5771597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bone diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, periodontitis and peri-implantitis, are associated not only with the production of inflammatory cytokines but also with local oxidative status, which is defined by intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Osteoclast differentiation has been reported to be related to increased intracellular ROS levels in osteoclast lineage cells. Sudachitin, which is a polymethoxyflavone derived from Citrus sudachi, possesses antioxidant properties and regulates various functions in mammalian cells. However, the effects of sudachitin on inflammatory bone destruction and osteoclastogenesis remain unknown. In calvaria inflamed by a local lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection, inflammation-induced bone destruction and the accompanying elevated expression of osteoclastogenesis-related genes were reduced by the co-administration of sudachitin and LPS. Moreover, sudachitin inhibited osteoclast formation in cultures of isolated osteoblasts and osteoclast precursors. However, sudachitin rather increased the expression of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), which is an important molecule triggering osteoclast differentiation, and the mRNA ratio of RANKL/osteoprotegerin that is a decoy receptor for RANKL, in the isolated osteoblasts, suggesting the presence of additional target cells. When osteoclast formation was induced from osteoclast precursors derived from bone marrow cells in the presence of soluble RANKL and macrophage colony-stimulating factor, sudachitin inhibited osteoclastogenesis without influencing cell viability. Consistently, the expression of osteoclast differentiation-related molecules including c-fos, NFATc1, cathepsin K and osteoclast fusion proteins such as DC-STAMP and Atp6v0d2 was reduced by sudachitin. In addition, sudachitin decreased activation of MAPKs such as Erk and JNK and the ROS production evoked by RANKL in osteoclast lineage cells. Our findings suggest that sudachitin is a useful agent for the treatment of anti-inflammatory bone destruction.
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Mazaleuskaya LL, Salamatipour A, Sarantopoulou D, Weng L, FitzGerald GA, Blair IA, Mesaros C. Analysis of HETEs in human whole blood by chiral UHPLC-ECAPCI/HRMS. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:564-575. [PMID: 29301865 PMCID: PMC5832923 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d081414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis of eicosanoids occurs enzymatically via lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases, and cytochrome P450, or through nonenzymatic free radical reactions. The enzymatic routes are highly enantiospecific. Chiral separation and high-sensitivity detection methods are required to differentiate and quantify enantioselective HETEs in complex biological fluids. We report here a targeted chiral lipidomics analysis of human blood using ultra-HPLC-electron capture (EC) atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/high-resolution MS. Monitoring the high-resolution ions formed by the fragmentation of pentafluorobenzyl derivatives of oxidized lipids during the dissociative EC, followed by in-trap fragmentation, increased sensitivity by an order of magnitude when compared with the unit resolution MS. The 12(S)-HETE, 12(S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8E,10E)-heptadecatrienoic acid [12(S)-HHT], and 15(S)-HETE were the major hydroxylated nonesterified chiral lipids in serum. Stimulation of whole blood with zymosan and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) resulted in stimulus- and time-dependent effects. An acute exposure to zymosan induced ∼80% of the chiral plasma lipids, including 12(S)-HHT, 5(S)-HETE, 15(R)-HETE, and 15(S)-HETE, while a maximum response to LPS was achieved after a long-term stimulation. The reported method allows for a rapid quantification with high sensitivity and specificity of enantiospecific responses to in vitro stimulation or coagulation of human blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila L Mazaleuskaya
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160
| | - Ashkan Salamatipour
- Penn Superfund Research Program (SRP) Centers for Cancer Pharmacology and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160
| | - Dimitra Sarantopoulou
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160
| | - Liwei Weng
- Penn Superfund Research Program (SRP) Centers for Cancer Pharmacology and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160
| | - Garret A FitzGerald
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160
| | - Ian A Blair
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160.,Penn Superfund Research Program (SRP) Centers for Cancer Pharmacology and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160
| | - Clementina Mesaros
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160 .,Penn Superfund Research Program (SRP) Centers for Cancer Pharmacology and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160
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278
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Lv J, He X, Wang H, Wang Z, Kelly GT, Wang X, Chen Y, Wang T, Qian Z. TLR4-NOX2 axis regulates the phagocytosis and killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by macrophages. BMC Pulm Med 2017; 17:194. [PMID: 29233104 PMCID: PMC5727946 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-017-0517-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophages stand at the forefront of both innate and adapted immunity through their capacities to recognize, engulf, and eliminate foreign particles, and to stimulate adapted immune cells. They are also involved in controlling pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways. Macrophage activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) has been shown to involve Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation and ROS production. Previous studies have shown that lipopolysaccharide (LPS), through TLR4, could activate macrophages, improve their bactericidal ROS production, and facilitate anti-infective immune responses. We sought to better understand the role of the TLR4-NOX2 axis in macrophage activation during M. tuberculosis infection. Methods THP-1 macrophages and PMA primed THP-1 macrophages [THP-1(A)] were treated with LPS and infected by M. tuberculosis. Cells were analyzed by flow cytometry for TLR4 expression, ROS production, phagocytosis, and killing of M. tuberculosis. Western blotting was used to analyze NOX2 expression. Inhibitors of the TLR4-NOX2 pathway were used to assess this pathway’s role in these processes, and their role in LPS activation of macrophages. Results We found that THP1-derived macrophages or PMA primed THP-1 macrophages exhibit higher surface TLR4 levels and increased NOX2 expression levels following LPS treatment. M. tuberculosis infection reduced these levels, but LPS was able to limit the negative effects of M.tb. Additionally, LPS increases THP-1(A) cells’ bactericidal activities including phagocytosis, ROS production, and destruction of M. tuberculosis. Significantly, all of these activities are impaired when TLR4 or NOX2 are inhibited. Conclusion These studies demonstrate the importance of the TLR4-NOX2 axis in M. tuberculosis elimination by macrophages and may lead to novel therapies for tuberculosis and other bacterial infections. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12890-017-0517-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhu Lv
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233003, China
| | - Xiaoyan He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233003, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Anhui Province for Infection and Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Ave, Bengbu, Anhui, 233003, China
| | - Zhaohua Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Bengbu Infectious Disease Hospital, Bengbu, Anhui, 233003, China
| | - Gabriel T Kelly
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, 1656 E. Mabel St, P.O. Box 245218, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Anhui Clinical and Preclinical Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Respiration, First Affiliated Hospital; Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, China
| | - Yin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, 1656 E. Mabel St, P.O. Box 245218, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
| | - Zhongqing Qian
- Key Laboratory of Anhui Province for Infection and Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Ave, Bengbu, Anhui, 233003, China.
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279
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Gukovskaya AS, Gukovsky I, Algül H, Habtezion A. Autophagy, Inflammation, and Immune Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 2017; 153:1212-1226. [PMID: 28918190 PMCID: PMC6338477 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatitis is a common disorder with significant morbidity and mortality, yet little is known about its pathogenesis, and there is no specific or effective treatment. Its development involves dysregulated autophagy and unresolved inflammation, demonstrated by studies in genetic and experimental mouse models. Disease severity depends on whether the inflammatory response resolves or amplifies, leading to multi-organ failure. Dysregulated autophagy might promote the inflammatory response in the pancreas. We discuss the roles of autophagy and inflammation in pancreatitis, mechanisms of deregulation, and connections among disordered pathways. We identify gaps in our knowledge and delineate perspective directions for research. Elucidation of pathogenic mechanisms could lead to new targets for treating or reducing the severity of pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Gukovskaya
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, California; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Ilya Gukovsky
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, California; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hana Algül
- II Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Aida Habtezion
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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280
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Pan W, Miao L, Lin Y, Huang X, Ge X, Moosa SL, Liu B, Ren M, Zhou Q, Liang H, Zhang W, Pan L. Regulation mechanism of oxidative stress induced by high glucose through PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway in juvenile blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 70:66-75. [PMID: 28882793 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of oral administration of a high concentration of glucose on the respiratory burst, antioxidant status, and hepatic gene expression of heme oxygenase-1 (ho1) and PI3K/Akt/Nrf2-related signaling molecules in juvenile blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). Blunt snout bream juveniles with an initial body weight of 19.94 ± 0.58 g were orally fed with a high concentration of glucose (3 g/kg body weight). The results indicated that plasma glucose exhibited a biphasic response. Acute and persistent hyperglycemia due to the oral glucose administration significantly reduced (P < 0.05) the white blood cell count, red blood cell count, and hemoglobin content and caused oxidative stress (significantly increased alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and glucose levels) and early apoptosis of hepatocytes in the fish. Hepatic superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities increased rapidly (P < 0.05) as protection from oxidative stress and were downregulated (P < 0.05) because of persistent hyperglycemia. Blood respiratory burst was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) because of hyperglycemia and showed a trend that was opposite to that of plasma glucose. Slight upregulation of nrf2 mRNA and antioxidants acts as a compensative protection mechanism, and the downregulated PI3K/Akt pathway blocked this function of Nrf2. In conclusion, the PI3K/Akt pathway and Nrf2 mediated the antioxidative mechanism independently in the blunt snout bream juveniles subjected to the oral administration of a high glucose concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Pan
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 9 Shanshui East Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, PR China
| | - Linghong Miao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), 9 Shanshui East Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, PR China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), 9 Shanshui East Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, PR China
| | - Xin Huang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 9 Shanshui East Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, PR China
| | - Xianping Ge
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 9 Shanshui East Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), 9 Shanshui East Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, PR China.
| | - Silli Laban Moosa
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 9 Shanshui East Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, PR China
| | - Bo Liu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 9 Shanshui East Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), 9 Shanshui East Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, PR China
| | - Mingchun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), 9 Shanshui East Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, PR China
| | - Qunlan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), 9 Shanshui East Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, PR China
| | - Hualiang Liang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 9 Shanshui East Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, PR China
| | - Wuxiao Zhang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 9 Shanshui East Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, PR China
| | - Liangkun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), 9 Shanshui East Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, PR China
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281
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Uribe-Querol E, Rosales C. Control of Phagocytosis by Microbial Pathogens. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1368. [PMID: 29114249 PMCID: PMC5660709 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis is a fundamental process of cells to capture and ingest foreign particles. Small unicellular organisms such as free-living amoeba use this process to acquire food. In pluricellular organisms, phagocytosis is a universal phenomenon that all cells are able to perform (including epithelial, endothelial, fibroblasts, etc.), but some specialized cells (such as neutrophils and macrophages) perform this very efficiently and were therefore named professional phagocytes by Rabinovitch. Cells use phagocytosis to capture and clear all particles larger than 0.5 µm, including pathogenic microorganisms and cellular debris. Phagocytosis involves a series of steps from recognition of the target particle, ingestion of it in a phagosome (phagocytic vacuole), maturation of this phagosome into a phagolysosome, to the final destruction of the ingested particle in the robust antimicrobial environment of the phagolysosome. For the most part, phagocytosis is an efficient process that eliminates invading pathogens and helps maintaining homeostasis. However, several pathogens have also evolved different strategies to prevent phagocytosis from proceeding in a normal way. These pathogens have a clear advantage to perpetuate the infection and continue their replication. Here, we present an overview of the phagocytic process with emphasis on the antimicrobial elements professional phagocytes use. We also summarize the current knowledge on the microbial strategies different pathogens use to prevent phagocytosis either at the level of ingestion, phagosome formation, and maturation, and even complete escape from phagosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Uribe-Querol
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Rosales
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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282
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Hong CW. Current Understanding in Neutrophil Differentiation and Heterogeneity. Immune Netw 2017; 17:298-306. [PMID: 29093651 PMCID: PMC5662779 DOI: 10.4110/in.2017.17.5.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are professional phagocytes that conduct effectors functions in the innate immune systems. They are differentiated in the bone marrow (BM) and terminally differentiated neutrophils are then released into systemic circulation. Neutrophils migrate into inflammatory foci through extravasation, reverse transmigration, and chemotaxis. As neutrophils arrive at a target site, they actively participate in eliminating pathogens. They phagocytose bacteria, and eliminate them through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), release of protease-enriched granules, and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Since neutrophils are equipped with toxic arsenals, the activation of neutrophils is tightly controlled. Priming is the process of unlocking safety mechanisms before complete activation of neutrophils. Since the first discovery of neutrophils, they were considered as a homogeneous population with an inflammatory phenotype. However, heterogenous populations of neutrophils were discovered under physiological and pathological conditions. This review outlines the normal differentiation of neutrophils in the BM, and discusses the current understandings of neutrophil heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Won Hong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
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283
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Understanding a role for hypoxia in lesion formation and location in the deep and periventricular white matter in small vessel disease and multiple sclerosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2503-2524. [PMID: 29026001 DOI: 10.1042/cs20170981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The deep and periventricular white matter is preferentially affected in several neurological disorders, including cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) and multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting that common pathogenic mechanisms may be involved in this injury. Here we consider the potential pathogenic role of tissue hypoxia in lesion development, arising partly from the vascular anatomy of the affected white matter. Specifically, these regions are supplied by a sparse vasculature fed by long, narrow end arteries/arterioles that are vulnerable to oxygen desaturation if perfusion is reduced (as in SVD, MS and diabetes) or if the surrounding tissue is hypoxic (as in MS, at least). The oxygen crisis is exacerbated by a local preponderance of veins, as these can become highly desaturated 'sinks' for oxygen that deplete it from surrounding tissues. Additional haemodynamic deficiencies, including sluggish flow and impaired vasomotor reactivity and vessel compliance, further exacerbate oxygen insufficiency. The cells most vulnerable to hypoxic damage, including oligodendrocytes, die first, resulting in demyelination. Indeed, in preclinical models, demyelination is prevented if adequate oxygenation is maintained by raising inspired oxygen concentrations. In agreement with this interpretation, there is a predilection of lesions for the anterior and occipital horns of the lateral ventricles, namely regions located at arterial watersheds, or border zones, known to be especially susceptible to hypoperfusion and hypoxia. Finally, mitochondrial dysfunction due to genetic causes, as occurs in leucodystrophies or due to free radical damage, as occurs in MS, will compound any energy insufficiency resulting from hypoxia. Viewing lesion formation from the standpoint of tissue oxygenation not only reveals that lesion distribution is partly predictable, but may also inform new therapeutic strategies.
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284
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Tikhonova IV, Kosyakova NI, Grinevich AA, Nadeev AD, Chemeris NK, Safronova VG. Accelerated reactivity of blood granulocytes in patients with atopic bronchial asthma out of exacerbation. Immunobiology 2017; 223:8-17. [PMID: 29032837 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important in bronchial asthma (BA) pathogenesis owing to accumulation of activated granulocytes in the lungs. But the ROS-producing activity of the cells is insufficiently understood in the blood of BA patients. This study analyzes the kinetics of phagocyte respiratory burst in the blood to improve the methods of BA patients monitoring. Patients with atopic BA out of exacerbation (n=60) and healthy controls (n=43) were recruited. The time-course of respiratory response to opsonized zymosan (OZ) was recorded in the whole blood using luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL), and its activation kinetics (lag-time, rate, amplitude, ROS production) was calculated. The discriminative power of ROS generation kinetics was defined by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Standard physiological respiratory parameters of patients did not differ from the controls. More rapid response to OZ was recorded in BA patient samples versus the controls. The primed state of phagocytes in the blood of BA patients was corroborated by significant weakening formyl peptide priming effect. The adhesion of granulocytes to cultured human endothelial cells was two-fold higher in BA patients versus controls. ROC curve analysis exhibited good discriminative effectiveness of the CL kinetics to compare BA individuals with the controls. The highest power (86% sensitivity and 90% specificity) was achieved at a linear combination of the parameters. We assume that the assessment of phagocyte reactivity based on the analysis of the response kinetic profile is a good test for monitoring of the state in BA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Tikhonova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya st., 3, Pushchino, Moscow region, 142290, Russia.
| | - Ninel I Kosyakova
- Hospital of Pushchino Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya st., 1, Pushchino, Moscow region, 142290, Russia.
| | - Andrey A Grinevich
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya st., 3, Pushchino, Moscow region, 142290, Russia; Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya st., 3, Pushchino, Moscow region, 142290, Russia.
| | - Alexander D Nadeev
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya st., 3, Pushchino, Moscow region, 142290, Russia; ISechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Torez, 44, Saint Petersburg, 194223, Russia.
| | - Nikolai K Chemeris
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya st., 3, Pushchino, Moscow region, 142290, Russia.
| | - Valentina G Safronova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya st., 3, Pushchino, Moscow region, 142290, Russia.
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285
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Neutrophil programming dynamics and its disease relevance. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2017; 60:1168-1177. [PMID: 28971361 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9145-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are traditionally considered as first responders to infection and provide antimicrobial host defense. However, recent advances indicate that neutrophils are also critically involved in the modulation of host immune environments by dynamically adopting distinct functional states. Functionally diverse neutrophil subsets are increasingly recognized as critical components mediating host pathophysiology. Despite its emerging significance, molecular mechanisms as well as functional relevance of dynamically programmed neutrophils remain to be better defined. The increasing complexity of neutrophil functions may require integrative studies that address programming dynamics of neutrophils and their pathophysiological relevance. This review aims to provide an update on the emerging topics of neutrophil programming dynamics as well as their functional relevance in diseases.
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286
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Olenchock BA, Rathmell JC, Vander Heiden MG. Biochemical Underpinnings of Immune Cell Metabolic Phenotypes. Immunity 2017; 46:703-713. [PMID: 28514672 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of immune cells affects their function and influences host immunity. This review explores how immune cell metabolic phenotypes reflect biochemical dependencies and highlights evidence that both the metabolic state of immune cells and nutrient availability can alter immune responses. The central importance of oxygen, energetics, and redox homeostasis in immune cell metabolism, and how these factors are reflected in different metabolic phenotypes, is also discussed. Linking immune cell metabolic phenotype to effector functions is important to understand how altering metabolism can impact the way in which immune cells meet their metabolic demands and affect the immune response in various disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Olenchock
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Jeffrey C Rathmell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-2363, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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287
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Thomas DC. The phagocyte respiratory burst: Historical perspectives and recent advances. Immunol Lett 2017; 192:88-96. [PMID: 28864335 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
When exposed to certain stimuli, phagocytes (including neutrophils, macrophages and eosinophils) undergo marked changes in the way they handle oxygen. Firstly, their rate of oxygen uptake increases greatly. This is accompanied by (i) the production of large amounts of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide and (ii) the metabolism of large quantities of glucose through the hexose monophosphate shunt. We now know that the oxygen used is not for respiration but for the production of powerful microbiocidal agents downstream of the initial production of superoxide. Concomitantly, glucose is oxidised through the hexose monophosphate shunt to re-generate the NADPH that has been consumed through the reduction of molecular oxygen to generate superoxide. This phagocyte respiratory burst is generated by an NADPH oxidase multi-protein complex that has a catalytic core consisting of membrane-bound gp91phox (CYBB) and p22phox (CYBA) sub-units and cytosolic components p47phox (NCF1), p67phox (NCF2) and p40phox (NCF4). Finally, another cytosolic component, the small G-protein Rac (Rac2 in neutrophils and Rac1 in macrophages) is also required for full activation. The importance of the complex in host defence is underlined by chronic granulomatous disease, a severe life-limiting immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the genes encoding the individual subunits. In this review, I will discuss the experimental evidence that underlies our knowledge of the respiratory burst, outlining how elegant biochemical analysis, coupled with study of patients deficient in the various subunits has helped elucidate the function of this essential part of innate immunity. I will also discuss some exciting recent studies that shed new light on how the abundance of the various components is controlled. Finally, I will explore the emerging role of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in the pathogenesis of major human diseases including auto-inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Thomas
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 157, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
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288
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Nguyen GT, Green ER, Mecsas J. Neutrophils to the ROScue: Mechanisms of NADPH Oxidase Activation and Bacterial Resistance. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:373. [PMID: 28890882 PMCID: PMC5574878 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 439] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by NADPH oxidase play an important role in antimicrobial host defense and inflammation. Their deficiency in humans results in recurrent and severe bacterial infections, while their unregulated release leads to pathology from excessive inflammation. The release of high concentrations of ROS aids in clearance of invading bacteria. Localization of ROS release to phagosomes containing pathogens limits tissue damage. Host immune cells, like neutrophils, also known as PMNs, will release large amounts of ROS at the site of infection following the activation of surface receptors. The binding of ligands to G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), toll-like receptors, and cytokine receptors can prime PMNs for a more robust response if additional signals are encountered. Meanwhile, activation of Fc and integrin directly induces high levels of ROS production. Additionally, GPCRs that bind to the bacterial-peptide analog fMLP, a neutrophil chemoattractant, can both prime cells and trigger low levels of ROS production. Engagement of these receptors initiates intracellular signaling pathways, resulting in activation of downstream effector proteins, assembly of the NADPH oxidase complex, and ultimately, the production of ROS by this complex. Within PMNs, ROS released by the NADPH oxidase complex can activate granular proteases and induce the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Additionally, ROS can cross the membranes of bacterial pathogens and damage their nucleic acids, proteins, and cell membranes. Consequently, in order to establish infections, bacterial pathogens employ various strategies to prevent restriction by PMN-derived ROS or downstream consequences of ROS production. Some pathogens are able to directly prevent the oxidative burst of phagocytes using secreted effector proteins or toxins that interfere with translocation of the NADPH oxidase complex or signaling pathways needed for its activation. Nonetheless, these pathogens often rely on repair and detoxifying proteins in addition to these secreted effectors and toxins in order to resist mammalian sources of ROS. This suggests that pathogens have both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms to avoid restriction by PMN-derived ROS. Here, we review mechanisms of oxidative burst in PMNs in response to bacterial infections, as well as the mechanisms by which bacterial pathogens thwart restriction by ROS to survive under conditions of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang T Nguyen
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts UniversityBoston, MA, United States
| | - Erin R Green
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of MedicineBoston, MA, United States
| | - Joan Mecsas
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts UniversityBoston, MA, United States.,Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of MedicineBoston, MA, United States
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289
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Gao J, Zhang T, Kang Z, Ting W, Xu L, Yin D. The F0F1 ATP synthase regulates human neutrophil migration through cytoplasmic proton extrusion coupled with ATP generation. Mol Immunol 2017; 90:219-226. [PMID: 28843171 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic alkalinization and extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) signals are required for migration of chemokineactivated neutrophils, but the precise functions remain unclear. In this work, the effect of the plasma membrane-expressed F0F1-ATP synthase (FATPase) on human neutrophils was examined. We found F-ATPase to be involved in cytoplasm proton extrusion and extracellular ATP generation. Oligomycin A, an F-ATPase inhibitor that blocks proton transfer, inhibited cytoplasmic alkalinization, extracellular ATP generation, adhesion and chemotaxis in N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP)-stimulated neutrophils; however, adenosine diphosphate (ADP), a substrate and activator of F-ATPase, had the opposite effect. Further analysis revealed that cell surface F-ATPase can translocate to the leading edge of directional fMLP-stimulated neutrophils toward ADP hydrolyzed from pannexin 1 channel-released ATP, followed by F-ATPase-catalyzed ATP regeneration using ADP and protons transferred from the cytoplasm. Therefore, the membrane-expressed F-ATPase regulates human neutrophil migration via cytoplasm proton extrusion and extracellular ATP generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gao
- Department of Basic Medical Research, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 511518, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical Research, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 511518, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhanfang Kang
- Department of Basic Medical Research, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 511518, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Weijen Ting
- Department of Basic Medical Research, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 511518, Guangdong, PR China; Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Lingqing Xu
- Department of Basic Medical Research, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 511518, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Dazhong Yin
- Department of Basic Medical Research, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 511518, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, PR China.
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290
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Mizugishi1 K, Yamashita K. Neutrophil extracellular traps are critical for pregnancy loss in sphingosine kinase–deficient mice on 129Sv/C57BL/6 background. FASEB J 2017; 31:5577-5591. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700399rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyomi Mizugishi1
- Department of Hematology and OncologyKyoto University HospitalKyotoJapan
| | - Kouhei Yamashita
- Department of Hematology and OncologyKyoto University HospitalKyotoJapan
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291
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Oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol inhibit the N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-induced neutrophil degranulation and chemotaxis via AKT, p38, and ERK1/2 MAP-Kinase inhibition. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 25:673-680. [PMID: 28711992 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0367-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol are polyphenols that are extracted from olives and are major biological active components of olives and olive oil. Oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol exhibit interesting pharmacological effects on cells, and have been shown to have many health benefits such as anti-inflammatory effects. These effects were mainly attributed to their ability to scavenge the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by phagocytes such as neutrophils. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol on other neutrophil functions. METHODS Human neutrophils were isolated from healthy donors. ROS production was measured by luminol-amplified chemiluminescence. Degranulation was assessed by measuring myeloperoxidase activity and Western blots. Chemotaxis was assessed by the under-agarose chemotaxis assay. Phosphorylated proteins were assessed by gel electrophoresis and Western blots. RESULTS We show that in addition to their ROS scavenging effect, oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol significantly inhibited the bacterial peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLF)-induced degranulation of azurophilic and specific granules as measured by myeloperoxidase and lactoferrin release, respectively. We also show that oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol reduced fMLF-induced neutrophil chemotaxis. Interestingly, both agents impaired the fMLF-induced AKT, p38MAPKinase, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, signaling molecules that are involved in pathways regulating neutrophil functions. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol are not only restricted to their ROS scavenging effect, but also involve the inhibition of two other major pro-inflammatory neutrophil functions.
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292
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Rodriguez-Rodrigues N, Castillo LA, Landoni VI, Martire-Greco D, Milillo MA, Barrionuevo P, Fernández GC. Prokaryotic RNA Associated to Bacterial Viability Induces Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil Activation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:306. [PMID: 28730145 PMCID: PMC5498479 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are the first cellular line of antibacterial host defense. They sense pathogens through recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by innate pattern recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLR). The aim of this study was to investigate whether PMN sense bacterial viability and explore which viability factor could be involved in this phenomenon. For this purpose, different functions were evaluated in isolated human PMN using live Escherichia coli (Ec) and heat-killed Ec (HK-Ec). We found that bacterial viability was indispensable to induce PMN activation, as measured by forward-scatter (FSC) increase, CD11b surface expression, chemotaxis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. As uncapped non-polyadenylated prokaryotic mRNA has been recognized as a PAMP associated to bacterial viability by macrophages and dendritic cells, total prokaryotic RNA (pRNA) from live Ec was purified and used as a stimulus for PMN. pRNA triggered similar responses to those observed with live bacteria. No RNA could be isolated from HK-Ec, explaining the lack of effect of dead bacteria. Moreover, the supernatant of dead bacteria was able to induce PMN activation, and this was associated with the presence of pRNA in this supernatant, which is released in the killing process. The induction of bactericidal functions (ROS and NETosis) by pRNA were abolished when the supernatant of dead bacteria or isolated pRNA were treated with RNAse. Moreover, endocytosis was necessary for pRNA-induced ROS generation and NETosis, and priming was required for the induction of pRNA-induced ROS in whole blood. However, responses related to movement and degranulation (FSC increase, CD11b up-regulation, and chemotaxis) were still triggered when pRNA was digested with RNase, and were not dependent on pRNA endocytosis or PMN priming. In conclusion, our results indicate that PMN sense live bacteria through recognition of pRNA, and this sensing triggers potent bactericidal mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahuel Rodriguez-Rodrigues
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de los Procesos Inflamatorios, Instituto de Medicina Experimental CONICET, Academia Nacional de MedicinaBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis A Castillo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de los Procesos Inflamatorios, Instituto de Medicina Experimental CONICET, Academia Nacional de MedicinaBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica I Landoni
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de los Procesos Inflamatorios, Instituto de Medicina Experimental CONICET, Academia Nacional de MedicinaBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daiana Martire-Greco
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de los Procesos Inflamatorios, Instituto de Medicina Experimental CONICET, Academia Nacional de MedicinaBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Ayelén Milillo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de los Procesos Inflamatorios, Instituto de Medicina Experimental CONICET, Academia Nacional de MedicinaBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Barrionuevo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de los Procesos Inflamatorios, Instituto de Medicina Experimental CONICET, Academia Nacional de MedicinaBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela C Fernández
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de los Procesos Inflamatorios, Instituto de Medicina Experimental CONICET, Academia Nacional de MedicinaBuenos Aires, Argentina
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293
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Creed TM, Tandon S, Ward RA, McLeish KR. Endocytosis is required for exocytosis and priming of respiratory burst activity in human neutrophils. Inflamm Res 2017. [PMID: 28638979 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN Neutrophil generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is enhanced by exposure to pro-inflammatory agents in a process termed priming. Priming is depending on exocytosis of neutrophil granules and p47phox phosphorylation-dependent translocation of cytosolic NADPH oxidase components. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was recently reported to be necessary for priming, but the mechanism linking endocytosis to priming was not identified. The present study examined the hypothesis that endocytosis regulates neutrophil priming by controlling granule exocytosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clathrin-mediated endocytosis by isolated human neutrophils was inhibited by chlorpromazine, monodansylcadaverine, and sucrose. Exocytosis of granule subsets was measured as release of granule components by ELISA or chemiluminescence. ROS generation was measured as extracellular release of superoxide as reduction of ferrocytochrome c. p38 MAPK activation and p47phox phosphorylation were measured by immunoblot analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way ANOVA with the Tukey-Kramer multiple-comparison test. RESULTS Inhibition of endocytosis prevented priming of superoxide release by TNFα and inhibited TNFα stimulation and priming of exocytosis of all four granule subsets. Inhibition of endocytosis did not reduce TNFα-stimulated p38 MAPK activation or p47phox phosphorylation. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity blocked TNFα stimulation of secretory vesicle and gelatinase granule exocytosis. CONCLUSIONS Endocytosis is linked to priming of respiratory burst activity through ROS-mediated control of granule exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Michael Creed
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Baxter I Research Building, Room 102, 570 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Shweta Tandon
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Baxter I Research Building, Room 102, 570 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Richard A Ward
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Baxter I Research Building, Room 102, 570 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Kenneth R McLeish
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Baxter I Research Building, Room 102, 570 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. .,Robley Rex VAMC, Louisville, KY, 40206, USA.
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294
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Measurement and Clinical Significance of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Humans. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:6501046. [PMID: 28698768 PMCID: PMC5494111 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6501046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the result of the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. Biomarkers of oxidative stress are relevant in the evaluation of the disease status and of the health-enhancing effects of antioxidants. We aim to discuss the major methodological bias of methods used for the evaluation of oxidative stress in humans. There is a lack of consensus concerning the validation, standardization, and reproducibility of methods for the measurement of the following: (1) ROS in leukocytes and platelets by flow cytometry, (2) markers based on ROS-induced modifications of lipids, DNA, and proteins, (3) enzymatic players of redox status, and (4) total antioxidant capacity of human body fluids. It has been suggested that the bias of each method could be overcome by using indexes of oxidative stress that include more than one marker. However, the choice of the markers considered in the global index should be dictated by the aim of the study and its design, as well as by the clinical relevance in the selected subjects. In conclusion, the clinical significance of biomarkers of oxidative stress in humans must come from a critical analysis of the markers that should give an overall index of redox status in particular conditions.
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295
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Miralda I, Uriarte SM, McLeish KR. Multiple Phenotypic Changes Define Neutrophil Priming. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:217. [PMID: 28611952 PMCID: PMC5447094 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, mitochondrial contents, and bacterial and viral products induces neutrophils to transition from a basal state into a primed one, which is currently defined as an enhanced response to activating stimuli. Although, typically associated with enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the NADPH oxidase, primed neutrophils show enhanced responsiveness of exocytosis, NET formation, and chemotaxis. Phenotypic changes associated with priming also include activation of a subset of functions, including adhesion, transcription, metabolism, and rate of apoptosis. This review summarizes the breadth of phenotypic changes associated with priming and reviews current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms behind those changes. We conclude that the current definition of priming is too restrictive. Priming represents a combination of enhanced responsiveness and activated functions that regulate both adaptive and innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Miralda
- Department of Microbiology, University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisville, KY, United States
| | - Silvia M Uriarte
- Department of Microbiology, University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisville, KY, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisville, KY, United States
| | - Kenneth R McLeish
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisville, KY, United States.,Robley Rex VA Medical CenterLouisville, KY, United States
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296
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Huber N, Vetter SG, Evans AL, Kjellander P, Küker S, Bergvall UA, Arnemo JM. Quantifying capture stress in free ranging European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:127. [PMID: 28490331 PMCID: PMC5424289 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To understand and reduce the concomitant effects of trapping and handling procedures in wildlife species, it is essential to measure their physiological impact. Here, we examined individual variation in stress levels in non-anesthetized European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), which were captured in box traps and physically restrained for tagging, biometrics and bio-sampling. In winter 2013, we collected venous blood samples from 28 individuals during 28 capture events and evaluated standard measurements for stress (heart rate, body temperature, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, lactate and total cortisol). Additionally, we assessed stress using the immunological tool, Leukocyte Coping Capacity (LCC), a real-time proxy for stress measuring oxygen radical production by leukocytes. Finally, the behavioral response to handling was recorded using a scoring system. RESULTS LCC and therefore stress levels were negatively influenced by the time animals spent in the box trap with human presence at the capture site prior to handling. In contrast, none of the classical stress measures, including total cortisol, nor the behavioral assessment, were correlated with the stressor tested (time of human presence prior to handling) and thus did not provide a clear depiction regarding the extent of the animals short-term stress response. CONCLUSIONS Overall our study verifies the LCC as a strong method to quantify short-term stress reactions in wildlife. Moreover, our results clearly show that human presence at the trapping site prior to handling should be kept to an absolute minimum in order to reduce stress levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Huber
- Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sebastian G Vetter
- Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alina L Evans
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Applied Ecology and Agricultural Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Evenstad, NO-2418, Elverum, Norway
| | - Petter Kjellander
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, SE-730 91, Riddarhyttan, Sweden
| | - Susanne Küker
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Applied Ecology and Agricultural Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Evenstad, NO-2418, Elverum, Norway
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ulrika A Bergvall
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, SE-730 91, Riddarhyttan, Sweden
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jon M Arnemo
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Applied Ecology and Agricultural Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Evenstad, NO-2418, Elverum, Norway
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
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297
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Lee C, Geng S, Zhang Y, Rahtes A, Li L. Programming and memory dynamics of innate leukocytes during tissue homeostasis and inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:719-726. [PMID: 28476750 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.6mr0117-027rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of innate immunity is witnessing a paradigm shift regarding "memory" and "programming" dynamics. Past studies of innate leukocytes characterized them as first responders to danger signals with no memory. However, recent findings suggest that innate leukocytes, such as monocytes and neutrophils, are capable of "memorizing" not only the chemical nature but also the history and dosages of external stimulants. As a consequence, innate leukocytes can be dynamically programmed or reprogrammed into complex inflammatory memory states. Key examples of innate leukocyte memory dynamics include the development of primed and tolerant monocytes when "programmed" with a variety of inflammatory stimulants at varying signal strengths. The development of innate leukocyte memory may have far-reaching translational implications, as programmed innate leukocytes may affect the pathogenesis of both acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. This review intends to critically discuss some of the recent studies that address this emerging concept and its implication in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA; and.,Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Shuo Geng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA; and
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA; and
| | - Allison Rahtes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA; and
| | - Liwu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA; and
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298
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Tsai YF, Chu TC, Chang WY, Wu YC, Chang FR, Yang SC, Wu TY, Hsu YM, Chen CY, Chang SH, Hwang TL. 6-Hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxy-flavone suppresses the neutrophil respiratory burst via selective PDE4 inhibition to ameliorate acute lung injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 106:379-392. [PMID: 28263828 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Over-activated neutrophils produce enormous oxidative stress and play a key role in the development of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. 6-Hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxy-flavone (UFM24), a flavone isolated from the Annonaceae Uvaria flexuosa, showed inhibitory effects on human neutrophil activation and salutary effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. UFM24 potently inhibited superoxide anion (O2•-) generation, reactive oxidants, and CD11b expression, but not elastase release, in N-formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine (fMLF)-activated human neutrophils. However, UFM24 failed to scavenge O2•- and inhibit the activity of subcellular NADPH oxidase. fMLF-induced phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) was inhibited by UFM24. Noticeably, UFM24 increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentration and protein kinase (PK) A activity in activated human neutrophils. PKA inhibitors significantly reversed the inhibitory effects of UFM24, suggesting that the effects of UFM24 were through cAMP/PKA-dependent inhibition of Akt activation. Additionally, activity of cAMP-related phosphodiesterase (PDE)4, but not PDE3 or PDE7, was significantly reduced by UFM24. Furthermore, UFM24 attenuated neutrophil infiltration, myeloperoxidase activity, and pulmonary edema in LPS-induced ALI in mice. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that UFM24 inhibits oxidative burst in human neutrophils through inhibition of PDE4 activity. UFM24 also exhibited significant protection against endotoxin-induced ALI in mice. UFM24 has potential as an anti-inflammatory agent for treating neutrophilic lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Fong Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chi Chu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yi Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Shun-Chin Yang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ying Wu
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsin Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
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299
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Protective effect of zerumbone reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury via antioxidative enzymes and Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 46:194-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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300
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Gough P, Ganesan S, Datta SK. IL-20 Signaling in Activated Human Neutrophils Inhibits Neutrophil Migration and Function. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:4373-4382. [PMID: 28424238 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils possess multiple antimicrobial mechanisms that are critical for protection of the host against infection with extracellular microbes, such as the bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus Recruitment and activation of neutrophils at sites of infection are driven by cytokine and chemokine signals that directly target neutrophils via specific cell surface receptors. The IL-20 subfamily of cytokines has been reported to act at epithelial sites and contribute to psoriasis, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory effects during S. aureus infection. However, the ability of these cytokines to directly affect neutrophil function remains incompletely understood. In this article, we show that human neutrophils altered their expression of IL-20R chains upon migration and activation in vivo and in vitro. Such activation of neutrophils under conditions mimicking infection with S. aureus conferred responsiveness to IL-20 that manifested as modification of actin polymerization and inhibition of a broad range of actin-dependent functions, including phagocytosis, granule exocytosis, and migration. Consistent with the previously described homeostatic and anti-inflammatory properties of IL-20 on epithelial cells, the current study provides evidence that IL-20 directly targets and inhibits key inflammatory functions of neutrophils during infection with S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Portia Gough
- Bacterial Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Sundar Ganesan
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technology Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Sandip K Datta
- Bacterial Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
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