301
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Kleinman L, Lee YN, Springston SR, Nunnermacker L, Zhou X, Brown R, Hallock K, Klotz P, Leahy D, Lee JH, Newman L. Ozone formation at a rural site in the southeastern United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd02991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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302
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Eisele FL, Mount GH, Fehsenfeld FC, Harder J, Marovich E, Parrish DD, Roberts J, Trainer M, Tanner D. Intercomparison of tropospheric OH and ancillary trace gas measurements at Fritz Peak Observatory, Colorado. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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303
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Milford JB, Gao D, Sillman S, Blossey P, Russell AG. Total reactive nitrogen (NOy) as an indicator of the sensitivity of ozone to reductions in hydrocarbon and NOxemissions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd03224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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304
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Logan JA. Trends in the vertical distribution of ozone: An analysis of ozonesonde data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd02333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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305
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Olszyna KJ, Bailey EM, Simonaitis R, Meagher JF. O3and NOyrelationships at a rural site. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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306
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Bakwin PS, Jacob DJ, Wofsy SC, Munger JW, Daube BC, Bradshaw JD, Sandholm ST, Talbot RW, Singh HB, Gregory GL, Blake DR. Reactive nitrogen oxides and ozone above a taiga woodland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd02292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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307
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Bottenheim JW, Sirois A, Brice KA, Gallant AJ. Five years of continuous observations of PAN and ozone at a rural location in eastern Canada. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd02716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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308
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Cartalis C, Varotsos C. Surface ozone in Athens, Greece, at the beginning and at the end of the twentieth century. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 1994; 28:3-8. [DOI: 10.1016/1352-2310(94)90018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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309
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Beekmann M, Ancellet G, Mégie G. Climatology of tropospheric ozone in southern Europe and its relation to potential vorticity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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310
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Poppe D, Zimmermann J, Bauer R, Brauers T, Brüning D, Callies J, Dorn HP, Hofzumahaus A, Johnen FJ, Khedim A, Koch H, Koppmann R, London H, Müller KP, Neuroth R, Plass-Dülmer C, Platt U, Rohrer F, Röth EP, Rudolph J, Schmidt U, Wallasch M, Ehhalt DH. Comparison of measured OH concentrations with model calculations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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311
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Poulida O, Civerolo KL, Dickerson RR. Observations and tropospheric photochemistry in central North Carolina. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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312
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Greenberg JP, Zimmerman PR, Taylor BE, Silver GM, Fall R. Sub-parts per billion detection of isoprene using a reduction gas detector with a portable gas chromatograph. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90037-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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314
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A characterization of the spatiotemporal variability of non-urban ozone concentrations over the eastern United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90035-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Parrish DD, Holloway JS, Trainer M, Murphy PC, Fehsenfeld FC, Forbes GL. Export of North American Ozone Pollution to the North Atlantic Ocean. Science 1993; 259:1436-9. [PMID: 17801277 DOI: 10.1126/science.259.5100.1436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Measurement of the levels of ozone and carbon monoxide (a tracer of anthropogenic pollution) at three surface sites on the Atlantic coast of Canada allow the estimation of the amount of ozone photochemically produced from anthropogenic precursors over North America and transported to the lower troposphere over the temperate North Atlantic Ocean. This amount is greater than that injected from the stratosphere, the primary natural source of ozone. This conclusion supports the contention that ozone derived from anthropogenic pollution has a hemisphere-wide effect at northern temperate latitudes.
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316
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Jacob DJ, Logan JA, Gardner GM, Yevich RM, Spivakovsky CM, Wofsy SC, Sillman S, Prather MJ. Factors regulating ozone over the United States and its export to the global atmosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd01224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kondo Y, Kitada T, Koike M, Kawakami S, Makino Y. Nitric oxide and ozone in the free troposphere over the western Pacific Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd02034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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318
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Jacob DJ, Logan JA, Yevich RM, Gardner GM, Spivakovsky CM, Wofsy SC, Munger JW, Sillman S, Prather MJ, Rodgers MO, Westberg H, Zimmerman PR. Simulation of summertime ozone over North America. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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319
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Torres AL, Thompson AM. Nitric oxide in the equatorial Pacific boundary layer: SAGA 3 measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1029/92jd01906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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320
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Anderson BE, Gregory GL, Barrick JDW, Collins JE, Sachse GW, Bagwell D, Shipham MC, Bradshaw JD, Sandholm ST. The impact of U.S. continental outflow on ozone and aerosol distributions over the western Atlantic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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321
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Guenther AB, Zimmerman PR, Harley PC, Monson RK, Fall R. Isoprene and monoterpene emission rate variability: Model evaluations and sensitivity analyses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1169] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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322
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Sillman S, Samson PJ, Masters JM. Ozone production in urban plumes transported over water: Photochemical model and case studies in the northeastern and midwestern United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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323
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Mathur R, Peters LK, Saylor RD. Sub-grid representation of emission source clusters in regional air quality modeling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90478-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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324
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Abstract
The principal oxidants in the lower atmosphere are ozone (O3) and two by-products of O3 photodissociation, the hydroxyl radical (OH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). A number of critical atmospheric chemical problems depend on the earth's "oxidizing capacity," which is essentially the global burden of these oxidants. There is limited direct evidence for changes in the earth's oxidizing capacity since recent preindustrial times when, because of industrial and population growth, increasing amounts of O3 precursor trace gases (carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons) have been released into the atmosphere. The concentrations of O3 and possibly H2O2 have increased over large regions. Models predict that tropospheric O3 will increase approximately 0.3 to 1% per year over the next 50 years with both positive and negative trends possible for OH and H2O2. Models and the observational network for oxidants are improving, but validation of global models is still at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Thompson
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center, Laboratory for Atmospheres, Greenbelt, MD 20771
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326
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London J, Liu S. Long-term tropospheric and lower stratospheric ozone variations from ozonesonde observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9169(92)90100-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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327
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Beck JP, Reeves CE, de Leeuw FA, Penkett SA. The effect of aircraft emissions on tropospheric ozone in the northern hemisphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90257-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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328
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Liu SC, Trainer M, Carroll MA, Hübler G, Montzka DD, Norton RB, Ridley BA, Walega JG, Atlas EL, Heikes BG, Huebert BJ, Warren W. A study of the photochemistry and ozone budget during the Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/91jd02298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Luke WT, Kok GL, Schillawski RD, Zimmerman PR, Greenberg JP, Kadavanich M. Trace gas measurements in the Kuwait oil fire smoke plume. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/92jd00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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330
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Carroll MA, Ridley BA, Montzka DD, Hubler G, Walega JG, Norton RB, Huebert BJ, Grahek FE. Measurements of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide during the Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/91jd02296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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331
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Sandholm ST, Bradshaw JD, Chen G, Singh HB, Talbot RW, Gregory GL, Blake DR, Sachse GW, Browell EV, Barrick JDW, Shipham MA, Bachmeier AS, Owen D. Summertime tropospheric observations related to NxOydistributions and partitioning over Alaska: Arctic Boundary Layer Expedition 3A. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/92jd01491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pickering KE, Thompson AM, Scala JR, Tao WK, Dickerson RR, Simpson J. Free tropospheric ozone production following entrainment of urban plumes into deep convection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/92jd01716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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334
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Williams EJ, Guenther A, Fehsenfeldi FC. An inventory of nitric oxide emissions from soils in the United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/92jd00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Lin X, Melo O, Hastie D, Shepson P, Niki H, Bottenheim J. A case study of ozone production in a rural area of central ontario. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90312-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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336
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Follows MJ, Austin JF. A zonal average model of the stratospheric contributions to the tropospheric ozone budget. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/92jd01834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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337
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Johnson C, Henshaw J, Mclnnes G. Impact of aircraft and surface emissions of nitrogen oxides on tropospheric ozone and global warming. Nature 1992. [DOI: 10.1038/355069a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jacob DJ, Wofsy SC, Bakwin PS, Fan SM, Harriss RC, Talbot RW, Bradshaw JD, Sandholm ST, Singh HB, Browell EV, Gregory GL, Sachse GW, Shipham MC, Blake DR, Fitzjarrald DR. Summertime photochemistry of the troposphere at high northern latitudes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/91jd01968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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339
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Wofsy SC, Sachse GW, Gregory GL, Blake DR, Bradshaw JD, Sandholm ST, Singh HB, Barrick JA, Harriss RC, Talbot RW, Shipham MA, Browell EV, Jacob DJ, Logan JA. Atmospheric chemistry in the Arctic and subarctic: Influence of natural fires, industrial emissions, and stratospheric inputs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/92jd00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ryan WF, Dickerson RR, Huffman GJ, Luke WT. Tropospheric chemistry over the lower Great Plains of the United States. 1. Meteorology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/92jd01375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Luke WT, Dickerson RR, Ryan WF, Pickering KE, Nunnermacker LJ. Tropospheric chemistry over the lower Great Plains of the United States 2. Trace gas profiles and distributions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/92jd02127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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343
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Honrath RE, Jaffe DA. The seasonal cycle of nitrogen oxides in the Arctic troposphere at Barrow, Alaska. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/92jd02081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sandroni S, Anfossi D, Viarengo S. Surface ozone levels at the end of the nineteenth century in South America. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/91jd02660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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345
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Hübler G, Montzka DD, Norton RB, Murphy PC, Fehsenfeld FC, Liu SC, Ridley BA, Walega JG, Atlas E, Grahek FE, Heidt LE, Merrill J, Huebert BJ, Bodhaine BA. Total reactive oxidized nitrogen (NOy) in the remote Pacific troposphere and its correlation with O3and CO: Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiment 1988. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/91jd03112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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346
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Doddridge BG, Dickerson RR, Wardell RG, Civerolo KL, Nunnermacker LJ. Trace gas concentrations and meteorology in rural Virginia: 2. Reactive nitrogen compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/92jd01913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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348
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Doddridge BG, Dickerson RR, Holland JZ, Cooper JN, Wardell RG, Poulida O, Watkins JG. Observations of tropospheric trace gases and meteorology in rural Virginia using an unattended monitoring system: Hurricane Hugo (1989), A case study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/91jd00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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349
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McKeen SA, Hsie EY, Trainer M, Tallamraju R, Liu SC. A regional model study of the ozone budget in the eastern United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/91jd00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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