301
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Liu C, Dai SK, Shi RX, He XC, Wang YY, He BD, Sun XW, Du HZ, Liu CM, Teng ZQ. Transcriptional profiling of microglia in the injured brain reveals distinct molecular features underlying neurodegeneration. Glia 2021; 69:1292-1306. [PMID: 33492723 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrauma has been recognized as a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, and sex difference of the incidence and outcome of neurodegenerative diseases has long been recognized. Past studies suggest that microglia could play a versatile role in both health and disease. So far, the microglial mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration and potentially lead to sex-specific therapies are still very open. Here we applied whole transcriptome analysis of microglia acutely isolated at different timepoints after a cortical stab wound injury to gain insight into genes that might be dysregulated and transcriptionally different between males and females after cortical injury. We found that microglia displayed distinct temporal and sexual molecular signatures of transcriptome after cortical injury. Hypotheses and gene candidates that we presented in the present study could be worthy to be examined to explore the roles of microglia in neurotrauma and in sex-biased neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shang-Kun Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruo-Xi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan-Cheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bao-Dong He
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Zhen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chang-Mei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Qian Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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302
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Klawonn AM, Fritz M, Castany S, Pignatelli M, Canal C, Similä F, Tejeda HA, Levinsson J, Jaarola M, Jakobsson J, Hidalgo J, Heilig M, Bonci A, Engblom D. Microglial activation elicits a negative affective state through prostaglandin-mediated modulation of striatal neurons. Immunity 2021; 54:225-234.e6. [PMID: 33476547 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are activated in many neurological diseases and have been suggested to play an important role in the development of affective disorders including major depression. To investigate how microglial signaling regulates mood, we used bidirectional chemogenetic manipulations of microglial activity in mice. Activation of microglia in the dorsal striatum induced local cytokine expression and a negative affective state characterized by anhedonia and aversion, whereas inactivation of microglia blocked aversion induced by systemic inflammation. Interleukin-6 signaling and cyclooxygenase-1 mediated prostaglandin synthesis in the microglia were critical for the inflammation-induced aversion. Correspondingly, microglial activation led to a prostaglandin-dependent reduction of the excitability of striatal neurons. These findings demonstrate a mechanism by which microglial activation causes negative affect through prostaglandin-dependent modulation of striatal neurons and indicate that interference with this mechanism could milden the depressive symptoms in somatic and psychiatric diseases involving microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Klawonn
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael Fritz
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; Present address: Department of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Silvia Castany
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marco Pignatelli
- Synaptic Plasticity Section, Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Carla Canal
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fredrik Similä
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hugo A Tejeda
- Synaptic Plasticity Section, Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Julia Levinsson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maarit Jaarola
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johan Jakobsson
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Juan Hidalgo
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Markus Heilig
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - David Engblom
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden.
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303
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Elhussiny MEA, Carini G, Mingardi J, Tornese P, Sala N, Bono F, Fiorentini C, La Via L, Popoli M, Musazzi L, Barbon A. Modulation by chronic stress and ketamine of ionotropic AMPA/NMDA and metabotropic glutamate receptors in the rat hippocampus. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 104:110033. [PMID: 32640261 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Converging clinical and preclinical evidence has shown that dysfunction of the glutamate system is a core feature of major depressive disorder. In this context, the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine has raised growing interest as fast acting antidepressant. Using the chronic mild stress (CMS) rat model of depression, performed in male rats, we aimed at analyzing whether hippocampal specific changes in subunit expression and regulation of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) or NMDA ionotropic receptors and in metabotropic glutamate receptors could be associated with behavioral vulnerability/resilience to CMS. We also assessed whether acute ketamine (10 mg/kg) was able to dampen the alterations in CMS vulnerable animals. Although chronic stress and ketamine had no effect on ionotropic glutamate receptors mRNAs (expression, RNA editing and splicing), we found selective modulations in their protein expression, phosphorylation and localization at synaptic membranes. AMPA GluA2 expression at synaptic membranes was significantly increased only in CMS resilient rats (although a trend was found also in vulnerable animals), while its phosphorylation at Ser880 was higher in both CMS resilient and vulnerable rats, a change partially dampened by ketamine. In the hippocampus from all stressed groups, despite NMDA receptor expression levels were reduced in total extract, the levels of GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors were remarkably increased in synaptic membranes. Finally, mGlu2 underwent a selective downregulation in stress vulnerable animals, which was completely restored by acute ketamine. Overall, these results are in line with a hypofunction of activity-dependent glutamatergic synaptic transmission induced by chronic stress exposure in all the animals, as suggested by the alterations of ionotropic glutamate receptors expression and localization at synaptic level. At the same time, the selective modulation of mGlu2 receptor, confirms its previously hypothesized functional role in regulating stress vulnerability and, for the first time here, suggests a mGlu2 involvement in the fast antidepressant effect of ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed E A Elhussiny
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giulia Carini
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Jessica Mingardi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Tornese
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nathalie Sala
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Bono
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Fiorentini
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luca La Via
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Popoli
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Musazzi
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Barbon
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
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304
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Wu W, Howard D, Sibille E, French L. Differential and spatial expression meta-analysis of genes identified in genome-wide association studies of depression. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:8. [PMID: 33414381 PMCID: PMC7791035 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01127-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most prevalent psychiatric disorder worldwide and affects individuals of all ages. It causes significant psychosocial impairments and is a major cause of disability. A recent consortium study identified 102 genetic variants and 269 genes associated with depression. To provide targets for future depression research, we prioritized these recently identified genes using expression data. We examined the differential expression of these genes in three studies that profiled gene expression of MDD cases and controls across multiple brain regions. In addition, we integrated anatomical expression information to determine which brain regions and transcriptomic cell types highly express the candidate genes. We highlight 12 of the 269 genes with the most consistent differential expression: MANEA, UBE2M, CKB, ITPR3, SPRY2, SAMD5, TMEM106B, ZC3H7B, LST1, ASXL3, ZNF184 and HSPA1A. The majority of these top genes were found to have sex-specific differential expression. We place greater emphasis on ZNF184 as it is the top gene in a more conservative analysis of the 269. Specifically, the differential expression of ZNF184 was strongest in subcortical regions in males and females. Anatomically, our results suggest the importance of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, cholinergic, monoaminergic and enteric neurons. These findings provide a guide for targeted experiments to advance our understanding of the genetic underpinnings of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wennie Wu
- Institute for Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Derek Howard
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Etienne Sibille
- Institute for Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leon French
- Institute for Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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305
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Buch AM, Liston C. Dissecting diagnostic heterogeneity in depression by integrating neuroimaging and genetics. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:156-175. [PMID: 32781460 PMCID: PMC7688954 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00789-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a heterogeneous and etiologically complex psychiatric syndrome, not a unitary disease entity, encompassing a broad spectrum of psychopathology arising from distinct pathophysiological mechanisms. Motivated by a need to advance our understanding of these mechanisms and develop new treatment strategies, there is a renewed interest in investigating the neurobiological basis of heterogeneity in depression and rethinking our approach to diagnosis for research purposes. Large-scale genome-wide association studies have now identified multiple genetic risk variants implicating excitatory neurotransmission and synapse function and underscoring a highly polygenic inheritance pattern that may be another important contributor to heterogeneity in depression. Here, we review various sources of phenotypic heterogeneity and approaches to defining and studying depression subtypes, including symptom-based subtypes and biology-based approaches to decomposing the depression syndrome. We review "dimensional," "categorical," and "hybrid" approaches to parsing phenotypic heterogeneity in depression and defining subtypes using functional neuroimaging. Next, we review recent progress in neuroimaging genetics (correlating neuroimaging patterns of brain function with genetic data) and its potential utility for generating testable hypotheses concerning molecular and circuit-level mechanisms. We discuss how genetic variants and transcriptomic profiles may confer risk for depression by modulating brain structure and function. We conclude by highlighting several promising areas for future research into the neurobiological underpinnings of heterogeneity, including efforts to understand sexually dimorphic mechanisms, the longitudinal dynamics of depressive episodes, and strategies for developing personalized treatments and facilitating clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Buch
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, Box 240, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Conor Liston
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, Box 240, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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306
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Zhou B, Zhu Z, Ransom BR, Tong X. Oligodendrocyte lineage cells and depression. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:103-117. [PMID: 33144710 PMCID: PMC7815509 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00930-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a common mental illness, affecting more than 300 million people worldwide. Decades of investigation have yielded symptomatic therapies for this disabling condition but have not led to a consensus about its pathogenesis. There are data to support several different theories of causation, including the monoamine hypothesis, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis changes, inflammation and immune system alterations, abnormalities of neurogenesis and a conducive environmental milieu. Research in these areas and others has greatly advanced the current understanding of depression; however, there are other, less widely known theories of pathogenesis. Oligodendrocyte lineage cells, including oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and mature oligodendrocytes, have numerous important functions, which include forming myelin sheaths that enwrap central nervous system axons, supporting axons metabolically, and mediating certain forms of neuroplasticity. These specialized glial cells have been implicated in psychiatric disorders such as depression. In this review, we summarize recent findings that shed light on how oligodendrocyte lineage cells might participate in the pathogenesis of depression, and we discuss new approaches for targeting these cells as a novel strategy to treat depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Butian Zhou
- Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children's Medical Center; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongqun Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bruce R Ransom
- Neuroscience Department, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiaoping Tong
- Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children's Medical Center; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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307
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Seney ML, Logan RW. Critical roles for developmental hormones and genetic sex in stress-induced transcriptional changes associated with depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:221-222. [PMID: 32770141 PMCID: PMC7689456 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00792-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne L. Seney
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
| | - Ryan W. Logan
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA ,grid.249880.f0000 0004 0374 0039Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA
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308
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Girgenti MJ, Wang J, Ji D, Cruz DA, Stein MB, Gelernter J, Young KA, Huber BR, Williamson DE, Friedman MJ, Krystal JH, Zhao H, Duman RS. Transcriptomic organization of the human brain in post-traumatic stress disorder. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:24-33. [PMID: 33349712 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-00748-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite extensive study of the neurobiological correlates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), little is known about its molecular determinants. Here, differential gene expression and network analyses of four prefrontal cortex subregions from postmortem tissue of people with PTSD demonstrate extensive remodeling of the transcriptomic landscape. A highly connected downregulated set of interneuron transcripts is present in the most significant gene network associated with PTSD. Integration of this dataset with genotype data from the largest PTSD genome-wide association study identified the interneuron synaptic gene ELFN1 as conferring significant genetic liability for PTSD. We also identified marked transcriptomic sexual dimorphism that could contribute to higher rates of PTSD in women. Comparison with a matched major depressive disorder cohort revealed significant divergence between the molecular profiles of individuals with PTSD and major depressive disorder despite their high comorbidity. Our analysis provides convergent systems-level evidence of genomic networks within the prefrontal cortex that contribute to the pathophysiology of PTSD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Girgenti
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Psychiatry Service, VA Connecticut Health Care System, West Haven, CT, USA.
- National Center for PTSD, US Department of Veterans Affairs, White River Junction, VT, USA.
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dingjue Ji
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dianne A Cruz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Murray B Stein
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Psychiatry Service, VA Connecticut Health Care System, West Haven, CT, USA
- National Center for PTSD, US Department of Veterans Affairs, White River Junction, VT, USA
| | - Keith A Young
- Baylor Scott and White Psychiatry, Temple, TX, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, Texas, USA
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Bertrand R Huber
- National Center for PTSD, US Department of Veterans Affairs, White River Junction, VT, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Center, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas E Williamson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Durham VA Healthcare System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Matthew J Friedman
- National Center for PTSD, US Department of Veterans Affairs, White River Junction, VT, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Psychiatry Service, VA Connecticut Health Care System, West Haven, CT, USA.
- National Center for PTSD, US Department of Veterans Affairs, White River Junction, VT, USA.
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Program of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Ronald S Duman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- National Center for PTSD, US Department of Veterans Affairs, White River Junction, VT, USA
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309
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Le-Niculescu H, Roseberry K, Gill SS, Levey DF, Phalen PL, Mullen J, Williams A, Bhairo S, Voegtline T, Davis H, Shekhar A, Kurian SM, Niculescu AB. Precision medicine for mood disorders: objective assessment, risk prediction, pharmacogenomics, and repurposed drugs. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:2776-2804. [PMID: 33828235 PMCID: PMC8505261 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01061-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mood disorders (depression, bipolar disorders) are prevalent and disabling. They are also highly co-morbid with other psychiatric disorders. Currently there are no objective measures, such as blood tests, used in clinical practice, and available treatments do not work in everybody. The development of blood tests, as well as matching of patients with existing and new treatments, in a precise, personalized and preventive fashion, would make a significant difference at an individual and societal level. Early pilot studies by us to discover blood biomarkers for mood state were promising [1], and validated by others [2]. Recent work by us has identified blood gene expression biomarkers that track suicidality, a tragic behavioral outcome of mood disorders, using powerful longitudinal within-subject designs, validated them in suicide completers, and tested them in independent cohorts for ability to assess state (suicidal ideation), and ability to predict trait (future hospitalizations for suicidality) [3-6]. These studies showed good reproducibility with subsequent independent genetic studies [7]. More recently, we have conducted such studies also for pain [8], for stress disorders [9], and for memory/Alzheimer's Disease [10]. We endeavored to use a similar comprehensive approach to identify more definitive biomarkers for mood disorders, that are transdiagnostic, by studying mood in psychiatric disorders patients. First, we used a longitudinal within-subject design and whole-genome gene expression approach to discover biomarkers which track mood state in subjects who had diametric changes in mood state from low to high, from visit to visit, as measured by a simple visual analog scale that we had previously developed (SMS-7). Second, we prioritized these biomarkers using a convergent functional genomics (CFG) approach encompassing in a comprehensive fashion prior published evidence in the field. Third, we validated the biomarkers in an independent cohort of subjects with clinically severe depression (as measured by Hamilton Depression Scale, (HAMD)) and with clinically severe mania (as measured by the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS)). Adding the scores from the first three steps into an overall convergent functional evidence (CFE) score, we ended up with 26 top candidate blood gene expression biomarkers that had a CFE score as good as or better than SLC6A4, an empirical finding which we used as a de facto positive control and cutoff. Notably, there was among them an enrichment in genes involved in circadian mechanisms. We further analyzed the biological pathways and networks for the top candidate biomarkers, showing that circadian, neurotrophic, and cell differentiation functions are involved, along with serotonergic and glutamatergic signaling, supporting a view of mood as reflecting energy, activity and growth. Fourth, we tested in independent cohorts of psychiatric patients the ability of each of these 26 top candidate biomarkers to assess state (mood (SMS-7), depression (HAMD), mania (YMRS)), and to predict clinical course (future hospitalizations for depression, future hospitalizations for mania). We conducted our analyses across all patients, as well as personalized by gender and diagnosis, showing increased accuracy with the personalized approach, particularly in women. Again, using SLC6A4 as the cutoff, twelve top biomarkers had the strongest overall evidence for tracking and predicting depression after all four steps: NRG1, DOCK10, GLS, PRPS1, TMEM161B, GLO1, FANCF, HNRNPDL, CD47, OLFM1, SMAD7, and SLC6A4. Of them, six had the strongest overall evidence for tracking and predicting both depression and mania, hence bipolar mood disorders. There were also two biomarkers (RLP3 and SLC6A4) with the strongest overall evidence for mania. These panels of biomarkers have practical implications for distinguishing between depression and bipolar disorder. Next, we evaluated the evidence for our top biomarkers being targets of existing psychiatric drugs, which permits matching patients to medications in a targeted fashion, and the measuring of response to treatment. We also used the biomarker signatures to bioinformatically identify new/repurposed candidate drugs. Top drugs of interest as potential new antidepressants were pindolol, ciprofibrate, pioglitazone and adiphenine, as well as the natural compounds asiaticoside and chlorogenic acid. The last 3 had also been identified by our previous suicidality studies. Finally, we provide an example of how a report to doctors would look for a patient with depression, based on the panel of top biomarkers (12 for depression and bipolar, one for mania), with an objective depression score, risk for future depression, and risk for bipolar switching, as well as personalized lists of targeted prioritized existing psychiatric medications and new potential medications. Overall, our studies provide objective assessments, targeted therapeutics, and monitoring of response to treatment, that enable precision medicine for mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Le-Niculescu
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA ,grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - K. Roseberry
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - S. S. Gill
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - D. F. Levey
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Present Address: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - P. L. Phalen
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA ,grid.411024.20000 0001 2175 4264Present Address: VA Maryland Health Care System/University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - J. Mullen
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - A. Williams
- grid.280828.80000 0000 9681 3540Indianapolis VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - S. Bhairo
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA ,grid.280828.80000 0000 9681 3540Indianapolis VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - T. Voegtline
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA ,grid.280828.80000 0000 9681 3540Indianapolis VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - H. Davis
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA ,grid.280828.80000 0000 9681 3540Indianapolis VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - A. Shekhar
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Present Address: Office of the Dean, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - S. M. Kurian
- grid.214007.00000000122199231Scripps Health and Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - A. B. Niculescu
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA ,grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA ,grid.280828.80000 0000 9681 3540Indianapolis VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN USA
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310
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Bendersky CJ, Milian AA, Andrus MD, De La Torre U, Walker DM. Long-Term Impacts of Post-weaning Social Isolation on Nucleus Accumbens Function. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:745406. [PMID: 34616326 PMCID: PMC8488119 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.745406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of incredible change, especially within the brain's reward circuitry. Stress, including social isolation, during this time has profound effects on behaviors associated with reward and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Because the Nucleus Accumbens (NAc), is crucial to the integration of rewarding stimuli, the NAc is especially sensitive to disruptions by adolescent social isolation stress. This review highlights the long-term behavioral consequences of adolescent social isolation rearing on the NAc. It will discuss the cellular and molecular changes within the NAc that might underlie the long-term effects on behavior. When available sex-specific effects are discussed. Finally by mining publicly available data we identify, for the first time, key transcriptional profiles induced by adolescence social isolation in genes associated with dopamine receptor 1 and 2 medium spiny neurons and genes associated with cocaine self-administration. Together, this review provides a comprehensive discussion of the wide-ranging long-term impacts of adolescent social isolation on the dopaminergic system from molecules through behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cari J Bendersky
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science and University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Allison A Milian
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science and University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Mason D Andrus
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science and University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Ubaldo De La Torre
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Deena M Walker
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science and University, Portland, OR, United States
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311
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Krzyżanowska M, Rębała K, Steiner J, Kaliszan M, Pieśniak D, Karnecki K, Wiergowski M, Brisch R, Braun K, Jankowski Z, Kosmowska M, Chociej J, Gos T. Reduced ribosomal DNA transcription in the prefrontal cortex of suicide victims: consistence of new molecular RT-qPCR findings with previous morphometric data from AgNOR-stained pyramidal neurons. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:567-576. [PMID: 33501518 PMCID: PMC7981327 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prefrontal cortical regions play a key role in behavioural regulation, which is profoundly disturbed in suicide. The study was carried out on frozen cortical samples from the anterior cingulate cortex (dorsal and ventral parts, ACd and ACv), the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and the dorsolateral cortex (DLC) obtained from 20 suicide completers (predominantly violent) with unknown psychiatric diagnosis and 21 non-suicidal controls. The relative level of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) as a marker of the transcriptional activity of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was evaluated bilaterally in prefrontal regions mentioned above (i.e. in eight regions of interest, ROIs) by reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The overall statistical analysis revealed a decrease in rDNA activity in suicide victims versus controls, particularly in male subjects. Further ROI-specific post hoc analyses revealed a significant decrease in this activity in suicides compared to non-suicides in five ROIs. This effect was accentuated in the ACv, where it was observed bilaterally. Our findings suggest that decreased rDNA transcription in the prefrontal cortex plays an important role in suicide pathogenesis and corresponds with our previous morphometric analyses of AgNOR-stained neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Krzyżanowska
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębowa 23, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Rębała
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębowa 23, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Johann Steiner
- grid.5807.a0000 0001 1018 4307Department of Psychiatry, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michał Kaliszan
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębowa 23, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dorota Pieśniak
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębowa 23, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Karol Karnecki
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębowa 23, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marek Wiergowski
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębowa 23, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ralf Brisch
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębowa 23, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katharina Braun
- grid.5807.a0000 0001 1018 4307Department of Zoology/Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Zbigniew Jankowski
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębowa 23, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Monika Kosmowska
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębowa 23, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Chociej
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębowa 23, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gos
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębowa 23, 80-204, Gdańsk, Poland. .,Department of Psychiatry, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany. .,Department of Zoology/Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
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312
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Piani MC, Maggioni E, Delvecchio G, Ferro A, Gritti D, Pozzoli SM, Fontana E, Enrico P, Cinnante CM, Triulzi FM, Stanley JA, Battaglioli E, Brambilla P. Sexual Dimorphism in the Brain Correlates of Adult-Onset Depression: A Pilot Structural and Functional 3T MRI Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:683912. [PMID: 35069272 PMCID: PMC8766797 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.683912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a disabling illness affecting more than 5% of the elderly population. Higher female prevalence and sex-specific symptomatology have been observed, suggesting that biologically-determined dimensions might affect the disease onset and outcome. Rumination and executive dysfunction characterize adult-onset MDD, but sex differences in these domains and in the related brain mechanisms are still largely unexplored. The present pilot study aimed to explore any interactions between adult-onset MDD and sex on brain morphology and brain function during a Go/No-Go paradigm. We hypothesized to detect diagnosis by sex effects on brain regions involved in self-referential processes and cognitive control. Twenty-four subjects, 12 healthy (HC) (mean age 68.7 y, 7 females and 5 males) and 12 affected by adult-onset MDD (mean age 66.5 y, 5 females and 7 males), underwent clinical evaluations and a 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) session. Diagnosis and diagnosis by sex effects were assessed on regional gray matter (GM) volumes and task-related functional MRI (fMRI) activations. The GM volume analyses showed diagnosis effects in left mid frontal cortex (p < 0.01), and diagnosis by sex effects in orbitofrontal, olfactory, and calcarine regions (p < 0.05). The Go/No-Go fMRI analyses showed MDD effects on fMRI activations in left precuneus and right lingual gyrus, and diagnosis by sex effects on fMRI activations in right parahippocampal gyrus and right calcarine cortex (p < 0.001, ≥ 40 voxels). Our exploratory results suggest the presence of sex-specific brain correlates of adult-onset MDD-especially in regions involved in attention processing and in the brain default mode-potentially supporting cognitive and symptom differences between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Piani
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Maggioni
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Delvecchio
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Adele Ferro
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Gritti
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara M Pozzoli
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Fontana
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Enrico
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia M Cinnante
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio M Triulzi
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Jeffrey A Stanley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Elena Battaglioli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Segrate, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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313
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A gene expression atlas for different kinds of stress in the mouse brain. Sci Data 2020; 7:437. [PMID: 33328476 PMCID: PMC7744580 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-00772-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stressful experiences are part of everyday life and animals have evolved physiological and behavioral responses aimed at coping with stress and maintaining homeostasis. However, repeated or intense stress can induce maladaptive reactions leading to behavioral disorders. Adaptations in the brain, mediated by changes in gene expression, have a crucial role in the stress response. Recent years have seen a tremendous increase in studies on the transcriptional effects of stress. The input raw data are freely available from public repositories and represent a wealth of information for further global and integrative retrospective analyses. We downloaded from the Sequence Read Archive 751 samples (SRA-experiments), from 18 independent BioProjects studying the effects of different stressors on the brain transcriptome in mice. We performed a massive bioinformatics re-analysis applying a single, standardized pipeline for computing differential gene expression. This data mining allowed the identification of novel candidate stress-related genes and specific signatures associated with different stress conditions. The large amount of computational results produced was systematized in the interactive “Stress Mice Portal”.
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314
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Aly J, Engmann O. The Way to a Human's Brain Goes Through Their Stomach: Dietary Factors in Major Depressive Disorder. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:582853. [PMID: 33364919 PMCID: PMC7750481 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.582853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, more than 250 million people are affected by depression (major depressive disorder; MDD), a serious and debilitating mental disorder. Currently available treatment options can have substantial side effects and take weeks to be fully effective. Therefore, it is important to find safe alternatives, which act more rapidly and in a larger number of patients. While much research on MDD focuses on chronic stress as a main risk factor, we here make a point of exploring dietary factors as a somewhat overlooked, yet highly promising approach towards novel antidepressant pathways. Deficiencies in various groups of nutrients often occur in patients with mental disorders. These include vitamins, especially members of the B-complex (B6, B9, B12). Moreover, an imbalance of fatty acids, such as omega-3 and omega-6, or an insufficient supply with minerals, including magnesium and zinc, are related to MDD. While some of them are relevant for the synthesis of monoamines, others play a crucial role in inflammation, neuroprotection and the synthesis of growth factors. Evidence suggests that when deficiencies return to normal, changes in mood and behavior can be, at least in some cases, achieved. Furthermore, supplementation with dietary factors (so called "nutraceuticals") may improve MDD symptoms even in the absence of a deficiency. Non-vital dietary factors may affect MDD symptoms as well. For instance, the most commonly consumed psychostimulant caffeine may improve behavioral and molecular markers of MDD. The molecular structure of most dietary factors is well known. Hence, dietary factors may provide important molecular tools to study and potentially help treat MDD symptoms. Within this review, we will discuss the role of dietary factors in MDD risk and symptomology, and critically discuss how they might serve as auxiliary treatments or preventative options for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Aly
- Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich Schiller Universität, Jena, Germany
| | - Olivia Engmann
- Institute for Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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315
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Powers B, Joyce C, Kleinman JE, Hyde TM, Ajilore O, Leow A, Sodhi MS. Sex differences in the transcription of glutamate transporters in major depression and suicide. J Affect Disord 2020; 277:244-252. [PMID: 32836031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence indicates that the glutamate system contributes to the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) and suicide. We previously reported higher mRNA expression of glutamate receptors in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of females with MDD. METHODS In the current study, we measured the expression of mRNAs encoding glutamate transporters in the DLPFC of MDD subjects who died by suicide (MDD-S, n = 51), MDD non-suicide subjects (MDD-NS, n = 28), and individuals who did not have a history of neurological illness (CTRL, n = 32). RESULTS Females but not males with MDD showed higher expression of EAATs and VGLUTs relative to CTRLs. VGLUT expression was significantly higher in the female MDD-S group, relative to the other groups. EAAT expression was lower in the male violent suicides. LIMITATIONS This study has limitations common to most human studies, including medication history and demographic differences between the diagnostic groups. We mitigated the effects of confounders by including them as covariates in our analyses. CONCLUSIONS We report sex differences in the expression of glutamate transporter genes in the DLPFC in MDD. Increased neuronal glutamate transporter expression may increase synaptic glutamate, leading to neuronal and glial loss in the DLPFC in MDD. These deficits may lower DLPFC activity, impair problem solving and impair executive function in depression, perhaps increasing vulnerability to suicidal behavior. These data add to accumulating support for the hypothesis that glutamatergic transmission is dysregulated in MDD and suicide. Glutamate transporters may be novel targets for the development of rapidly acting antidepressant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Powers
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, United States
| | - Cara Joyce
- Biostatistics Collaborative Core, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Joel E Kleinman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development and Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Thomas M Hyde
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development and Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Olusola Ajilore
- Dept. Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alex Leow
- Dept. Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Monsheel S Sodhi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, United States; Dept. Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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316
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Muir J, Tse YC, Iyer ES, Biris J, Cvetkovska V, Lopez J, Bagot RC. Ventral Hippocampal Afferents to Nucleus Accumbens Encode Both Latent Vulnerability and Stress-Induced Susceptibility. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:843-854. [PMID: 32682566 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress is a major risk factor for depression, but not everyone responds to stress in the same way. Identifying why certain individuals are more susceptible is essential for targeted treatment and prevention. In rodents, nucleus accumbens (NAc) afferents from the ventral hippocampus (vHIP) are implicated in stress-induced susceptibility, but little is known about how this pathway might encode future vulnerability or specific behavioral phenotypes. METHODS We used fiber photometry to record in vivo activity in vHIP-NAc afferents during tests of depressive- and anxiety-like behavior in male and female mice, both before and after a sex-specific chronic variable stress protocol, to probe relationships between prestress neural activity and behavior and potential predictors of poststress behavioral adaptation. Furthermore, we examined chronic variable stress-induced alterations in vHIP-NAc activity in vivo and used ex vivo slice electrophysiology to identify the mechanism of this change. RESULTS We identified behavioral specificity of the vHIP-NAc pathway to anxiety-like and social interaction behavior. We also showed that this activity is broadly predictive of stress-induced susceptibility in both sexes, while prestress behavior is predictive only of anxiety-like behavior. We observed a stress-induced increase in in vivo vHIP-NAc activity coincident with an increase in spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current frequency. CONCLUSIONS We implicate vHIP-NAc in social interaction and anxiety-like behavior and identify markers of vulnerability in this neural signal, with elevated prestress vHIP-NAc activity predicting increased susceptibility across behavioral domains. Our findings indicate that individual differences in neural activity and behavior play a role in predetermining susceptibility to later stress, providing insight into mechanisms of vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Muir
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yiu Chung Tse
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eshaan S Iyer
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julia Biris
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Joëlle Lopez
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rosemary C Bagot
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
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317
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White JD, Arefin TM, Pugliese A, Lee CH, Gassen J, Zhang J, Kaffman A. Early life stress causes sex-specific changes in adult fronto-limbic connectivity that differentially drive learning. eLife 2020; 9:58301. [PMID: 33259286 PMCID: PMC7725504 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It is currently unclear whether early life stress (ELS) affects males and females differently. However, a growing body of work has shown that sex moderates responses to stress and injury, with important insights into sex-specific mechanisms provided by work in rodents. Unfortunately, most of the ELS studies in rodents were conducted only in males, a bias that is particularly notable in translational work that has used human imaging. Here we examine the effects of unpredictable postnatal stress (UPS), a mouse model of complex ELS, using high resolution diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. We show that UPS induces several neuroanatomical alterations that were seen in both sexes and resemble those reported in humans. In contrast, exposure to UPS induced fronto-limbic hyper-connectivity in males, but either no change or hypoconnectivity in females. Moderated-mediation analysis found that these sex-specific changes are likely to alter contextual freezing behavior in males but not in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordon D White
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Tanzil M Arefin
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Alexa Pugliese
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Choong H Lee
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Jeff Gassen
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, United States
| | - Jiangyang Zhang
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Arie Kaffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
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318
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Macdonald JA, Greenwood CJ, Francis LM, Harrison TR, Graeme LG, Youssef GJ, Di Manno L, Skouteris H, Fletcher R, Knight T, Williams J, Milgrom J, Olsson CA. Profiles of Depressive Symptoms and Anger in Men: Associations With Postpartum Family Functioning. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:578114. [PMID: 33329118 PMCID: PMC7719778 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.578114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Evidence suggests that men commonly experience depression as feelings of anger; yet, research has not investigated what this means for the manifestation of depressive symptoms in the early years of fatherhood and for key indicators of family functioning. Methods: Using data from a longitudinal cohort study of men at the normative age for entering fatherhood (28-32 years), we conducted latent class analyses to identify patterns of depressive symptoms and 3 sub-types of state anger (feeling; verbal; physical). We then assessed whether class membership was associated with paternity status (n = 535). In a subsample of fathers of infants aged up to 18 months (n = 162), we prospectively assessed associations with paternal-infant bonding, co-parenting, perceived social support, paternal involvement in childcare and alcohol use up to 2 years later. Results: Five classes emerged that differentiated men by anger and depressive symptom severity and by the degree to which men endorsed the feeling of wanting to express anger physically. Compared to the reference class with minimal symptoms, fathers had a higher probability of being in either the mild or most severe symptom classes. Men in symptomatic classes were at higher risk of lower levels of social support, co-parenting problems, and paternal-infant bonds. Class membership was not associated with alcohol use or paternal involvement in childcare. Conclusions: Our results reveal patterns of co-existing symptoms of depression and anger in fathers of infants that will be relevant to men's own need for support, their family safety, partner mental health and child developmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqui A. Macdonald
- Faculty of Health, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Population Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Greenwood
- Faculty of Health, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Population Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lauren M. Francis
- Faculty of Health, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Tessa R. Harrison
- Faculty of Health, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Liam G. Graeme
- Faculty of Health, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - George J. Youssef
- Faculty of Health, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Population Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura Di Manno
- Faculty of Health, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Skouteris
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Fletcher
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Family Action Centre, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Tess Knight
- Cairnmillar Institute, Hawthorn East, VIC, Australia
| | - Joanne Williams
- Department of Health Sciences and Biostatistics, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeannette Milgrom
- Parent-Infant Research Institute, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Craig A. Olsson
- Faculty of Health, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Population Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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319
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Bloch S, Rinker JA, Marcus MM, Mulholland PJ. Absence of effects of intermittent access to alcohol on negative affective and anxiety-like behaviors in male and female C57BL/6J mice. Alcohol 2020; 88:91-99. [PMID: 32777473 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder is highly comorbid with other neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety. Importantly, women and men are affected differentially by heavy drinking, with women experiencing longer negative affective states after intoxication and increased likelihood to present with comorbid mood or anxiety disorders. In rodents, several studies using different alcohol administration models have shown the development of depressive-like or anxiety-like phenotypes that emerge during abstinence. In this study, we compared the emergence of negative affective behaviors during abstinence from 7 weeks of two-bottle choice intermittent access to 20% alcohol in male and female C57BL/6J mice, a drinking paradigm little studied in this context. Half of the mice were tested 24 hours into abstinence on the elevated zero maze and 19-20 days into abstinence in a novel object in the home cage encounter test. The other half of the mice were tested 27-28 days into abstinence with the novelty-suppressed feeding test. As expected, females drank more than males across the 7 weeks of access to alcohol. Drinking history did not affect performance on these tasks, with the exception of increasing the number of open arm entries on the elevated zero maze. Interestingly, in alcohol-naïve mice, females showed fewer anxiety-like behaviors than males in the elevated zero maze and the novelty-suppressed feeding test. Our results suggest that the intermittent access model does not reliably induce negative affective behaviors on these tasks, and that behavior in female and male mice differs across these tests. Rather, intermittent alcohol drinking may induce a mild form of behavioral disinhibition. Thus, the model of alcohol access is a critical factor in determining the appearance of behavioral disturbances that emerge during abstinence.
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320
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Simchovitz-Gesher A, Soreq H. Pharmaceutical Implications of Sex-Related RNA Divergence in Psychiatric Disorders. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2020; 41:840-850. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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321
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Abstract
Recombinant viruses are the workhorse of modern neuroscience. Whether one would like to understand a neuron's morphology, natural activity patterns, molecular composition, connectivity or behavioural and physiologic function, most studies begin with the injection of an engineered virus, often an adeno-associated virus or herpes simplex virus, among many other types. Recombinant viruses currently enable some combination of cell type-specific, circuit-selective, activity-dependent and spatiotemporally resolved transgene expression. Viruses are now used routinely to study the molecular and cellular functions of a gene within an identified cell type in the brain, and enable the application of optogenetics, chemogenetics, calcium imaging and related approaches. These advantageous properties of engineered viruses thus enable characterization of neuronal function at unprecedented resolution. However, each virus has specific advantages and disadvantages, which makes viral tool selection paramount for properly designing and executing experiments within the central nervous system. In the current Review, we discuss the key principles and uses of engineered viruses and highlight innovations that are needed moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Nectow
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Eric J Nestler
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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322
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Weger M, Alpern D, Cherix A, Ghosal S, Grosse J, Russeil J, Gruetter R, de Kloet ER, Deplancke B, Sandi C. Mitochondrial gene signature in the prefrontal cortex for differential susceptibility to chronic stress. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18308. [PMID: 33110158 PMCID: PMC7591539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75326-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction was highlighted as a crucial vulnerability factor for the development of depression. However, systemic studies assessing stress-induced changes in mitochondria-associated genes in brain regions relevant to depression symptomatology remain scarce. Here, we performed a genome-wide transcriptomic study to examine mitochondrial gene expression in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) of mice exposed to multimodal chronic restraint stress. We identified mitochondria-associated gene pathways as most prominently affected in the PFC and with lesser significance in the NAc. A more detailed mitochondrial gene expression analysis revealed that in particular mitochondrial DNA-encoded subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation complexes were altered in the PFC. The comparison of our data with a reanalyzed transcriptome data set of chronic variable stress mice and major depression disorder subjects showed that the changes in mitochondrial DNA-encoded genes are a feature generalizing to other chronic stress-protocols as well and might have translational relevance. Finally, we provide evidence for changes in mitochondrial outputs in the PFC following chronic stress that are indicative of mitochondrial dysfunction. Collectively, our work reinforces the idea that changes in mitochondrial gene expression are key players in the prefrontal adaptations observed in individuals with high behavioral susceptibility and resilience to chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Weger
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel Alpern
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Cherix
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, England, UK
| | - Sriparna Ghosal
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jocelyn Grosse
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julie Russeil
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Gruetter
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E Ronald de Kloet
- Departement of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Deplancke
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Sandi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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323
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Kazantseva A, Davydova Y, Enikeeva R, Lobaskova M, Mustafin R, Malykh S, Takhirova Z, Khusnutdinova E. AVPR1A main effect and OXTR-by-environment interplay in individual differences in depression level. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05240. [PMID: 33088973 PMCID: PMC7567928 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple studies of depression indicated a significant role of gene-by-environment interactions; however, they are mainly limited to the examination of modulating effect of recent stressful life events. Other environmental factors occurring at different stages of ante- and postnatal development may affect the association between multiple genes and depression. The study aimed to analyze the main and haplotype-based effect of serotonergic system and HPA-axis gene polymorphisms on depression and to detect gene-by-environment interaction models explaining individual variance in depression in mentally healthy young adults from Russia. Methods Depression score was assessed using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) in 623 healthy individuals (81% women; 17-25 years) of Caucasian origin (Russians, Tatars, Udmurts) from Russia. The main- and gene-based effects of 12 SNPs in SLC6A4 (5-HTTLPR, rs1042173), HTR2A (rs7322347), OXTR (rs7632287, rs2254298, rs13316193, rs53576, rs2228485, rs237911), AVPR1A (rs3803107, rs1042615), and AVPR1B (rs33911258) genes, and gene-by-environment interactions were tested with linear regression models (PLINK v.1.9) adjusted for multiple comparisons. Results We observed ethnicity-specific main effect of the AVPR1A rs3803107 (P = 0.003; PFDR = 0.047) and gene-based effect of the OXTR gene (Р = 0.005; Pperm = 0.034) on BDI-measured depression, and modifying effect of paternal care on OXTR rs53576 (P = 0.004; PFDR = 0.012) and birth order on OXTR rs237911 (P = 0.006; PFDR = 0.018) association with depression level. Limitations A hypothesis driven candidate gene approach, which examined a limited number of genetic variants in a moderately large sample, was used. Conclusions Our preliminary findings indicate that familial environment may play a permissive role modulating the manifestation of OXTR-based depression variance in mentally healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kazantseva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 71, Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa, 450054, Russia
| | - Yu Davydova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 71, Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa, 450054, Russia
| | - R Enikeeva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 71, Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa, 450054, Russia
| | - M Lobaskova
- Psychological Institute, Russian Academy of Education, 9/4, Mohovaya Street, Moscow, 125009, Russia
| | - R Mustafin
- Bashkir State Medical University, 3, Lenin Street, Ufa, 450008, Russia
| | - S Malykh
- Psychological Institute, Russian Academy of Education, 9/4, Mohovaya Street, Moscow, 125009, Russia
| | - Z Takhirova
- Russian Academy of Education, 8, Pogodinskaya Street, Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - E Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 71, Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa, 450054, Russia
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324
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Hamilton PJ, Chen EY, Tolstikov V, Peña CJ, Picone JA, Shah P, Panagopoulos K, Strat AN, Walker DM, Lorsch ZS, Robinson HL, Mervosh NL, Kiraly DD, Sarangarajan R, Narain NR, Kiebish MA, Nestler EJ. Chronic stress and antidepressant treatment alter purine metabolism and beta oxidation within mouse brain and serum. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18134. [PMID: 33093530 PMCID: PMC7582177 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex condition with unclear pathophysiology. Molecular disruptions within limbic brain regions and the periphery contribute to depression symptomatology and a more complete understanding the diversity of molecular changes that occur in these tissues may guide the development of more efficacious antidepressant treatments. Here, we utilized a mouse chronic social stress model for the study of MDD and performed metabolomic, lipidomic, and proteomic profiling on serum plus several brain regions (ventral hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, and medial prefrontal cortex) of susceptible, resilient, and unstressed control mice. To identify how commonly used tricyclic antidepressants impact the molecular composition in these tissues, we treated stress-exposed mice with imipramine and repeated our multi-OMIC analyses. Proteomic analysis identified three serum proteins reduced in susceptible animals; lipidomic analysis detected differences in lipid species between resilient and susceptible animals in serum and brain; and metabolomic analysis revealed dysfunction of purine metabolism, beta oxidation, and antioxidants, which were differentially associated with stress susceptibility vs resilience by brain region. Antidepressant treatment ameliorated stress-induced behavioral abnormalities and affected key metabolites within outlined networks, most dramatically in the ventral hippocampus. This work presents a resource for chronic social stress-induced, tissue-specific changes in proteins, lipids, and metabolites and illuminates how molecular dysfunctions contribute to individual differences in stress sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Hamilton
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
| | - Emily Y Chen
- BERG LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA
| | | | - Catherine J Peña
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Joseph A Picone
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Punit Shah
- BERG LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA
| | | | - Ana N Strat
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Deena M Walker
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Zachary S Lorsch
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Hannah L Robinson
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Nicholas L Mervosh
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Drew D Kiraly
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Niven R Narain
- BERG LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA
| | | | - Eric J Nestler
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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325
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Sun P, Wang J, Zhang M, Duan X, Wei Y, Xu F, Ma Y, Zhang YH. Sex-Related Differential Whole-Brain Input Atlas of Locus Coeruleus Noradrenaline Neurons. Front Neural Circuits 2020; 14:53. [PMID: 33071759 PMCID: PMC7541090 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2020.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most important organ in our bodies, the brain plays a critical role in deciding sex-related differential features; however, the underlying neural circuitry basis remains unclear. Here, we used a cell-type-specific rabies virus-mediated monosynaptic tracing system to generate a sex differences-related whole-brain input atlas of locus coeruleus noradrenaline (LC-NE) neurons. We developed custom pipelines for brain-wide comparisons of input sources in both sexes with the registration of the whole-brain data set to the Allen Mouse Brain Reference Atlas. Among 257 distinct anatomical regions, we demonstrated the differential proportions of inputs to LC-NE neurons in male and female mice at different levels. Locus coeruleus noradrenaline neurons of two sexes showed general similarity in the input patterns, but with differentiated input proportions quantitatively from major brain regions and diverse sub-regions. For instance, inputs to male LC-NE neurons were found mainly in the cerebrum, interbrain, and cerebellum, whereas inputs to female LC-NE neurons were found in the midbrain and hindbrain. We further found that specific subsets of nuclei nested within sub-regions contributed to overall sex-related differences in the input circuitry. Furthermore, among the totaled 123 anatomical regions with proportion of inputs >0.1%, we also identified 11 sub-regions with significant statistical differences of total inputs between male and female mice, and seven of them also showed such differences in ipsilateral hemispheres. Our study not only provides a structural basis to facilitate our understanding of sex differences at a circuitry level but also provides clues for future sexually differentiated functional studies related to LC-NE neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Sun
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinxin Duan
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunfei Wei
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- Centre for Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Ma
- HUST-WHBC United Hematology Optical Imaging Center, Wuhan Blood Center (WHBC), Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Hui Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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326
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Torres-Berrío A, Hernandez G, Nestler EJ, Flores C. The Netrin-1/DCC Guidance Cue Pathway as a Molecular Target in Depression: Translational Evidence. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:611-624. [PMID: 32593422 PMCID: PMC7529861 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Netrin-1/DCC guidance cue pathway plays a critical role in guiding growing axons toward the prefrontal cortex during adolescence and in the maturational organization and adult plasticity of prefrontal cortex connectivity. In this review, we put forward the idea that alterations in prefrontal cortex architecture and function, which are intrinsically linked to the development of major depressive disorder, originate in part from the dysregulation of the Netrin-1/DCC pathway by a mechanism that involves microRNA-218. We discuss evidence derived from mouse models of stress and from human postmortem brain and genome-wide association studies indicating an association between the Netrin-1/DCC pathway and major depressive disorder. We propose a potential role of circulating microRNA-218 as a biomarker of stress vulnerability and major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Torres-Berrío
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - Eric J Nestler
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Cecilia Flores
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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327
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Marrocco J, Einhorn NR, McEwen BS. Environmental epigenetics of sex differences in the brain. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2020; 175:209-220. [PMID: 33008526 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64123-6.00015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Experiences throughout the life course lead to unique phenotypes even among those with the same genotype. Genotype sets the substrate on which physiologic processes, which communicate with the brain, mediate the effects of life experiences via epigenetics. Epigenetics modify the expression of genes in the brain and body in response to circulating hormones and other mediators, which are activated to facilitate survival responses through a process called allostasis. Epigenetic signatures can even be inherited, resulting in transgenerational effects. This chapter addresses epigenetics in the context of sex differences, discussing the intersection between genetics and gonadal hormones and their effect in the brain at discrete developmental periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Marrocco
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Nathan R Einhorn
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bruce S McEwen
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
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328
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Wright EC. Neurobiological Insights Into Stress-Induced Attention Deficit. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:e29-e31. [PMID: 32912427 PMCID: PMC7475766 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. Wright
- Address correspondence to Emily C. Wright, M.A., Department of Psychology, University of California-Davis, 135 Young Hall, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616
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329
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Kruse JL, Olmstead R, Hellemann G, Wade B, Jiang J, Vasavada MM, Brooks JO, Congdon E, Espinoza R, Narr KL, Irwin MR. Inflammation and depression treatment response to electroconvulsive therapy: Sex-specific role of interleukin-8. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 89:59-66. [PMID: 32479994 PMCID: PMC7572496 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Females suffer from depression at twice the rate of males and have differential neural and emotional responses to inflammation. However, sex-specific evaluation of relationships between inflammation and response to depression treatments are lacking. Some data suggest that interleukin(IL)-8 predicts treatment response to antidepressants and has a relationship with depressive symptom severity. This study examines whether IL-8 predicts treatment response to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and whether there are sex specific effects. In 40 depressed patients (22 female), plasma levels of IL-8, as well as other markers of inflammation including IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were obtained prior to administration of ECT and after completion of the index treatment series. Depression treatment response was defined as ≥ 50% reduction in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) Score. Baseline levels of IL-8 differed by responder status, depending on sex (group × sex interaction: β = -0.571, p = 0.04), with female responders having lower levels of IL-8 at baseline as compared to female non-responders [t(20) = 2.37, p = 0.03]. Further, IL-8 levels from baseline to end of treatment differed by responder status, depending on sex (group × sex × time interaction: [F(1,36) = 9.48, p = 0.004]), and change in IL-8 from baseline to end of treatment was negatively correlated with percentage change in HAM-D score in females (β = -0.458, p = 0.03), but not in males (β = 0.315, p = 0.20). Other inflammatory markers did not differ in relation to responder status and sex. Further evaluation of sex differences in the relationship between IL-8, depression, and treatment response, across disparate treatment modalities, may inform mechanisms of response and aid in development of personalized medicine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Kruse
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology,Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - Richard Olmstead
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology,Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - Gerhard Hellemann
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - Benjamin Wade
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine,Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Janina Jiang
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology,Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - Megha M. Vasavada
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - John O. Brooks
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - Eliza Congdon
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - Randall Espinoza
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - Katherine L. Narr
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine,Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael R. Irwin
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology,Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine
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330
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Mathew SJ. Is Testosterone an Effective Hormonal Therapy for Women With Antidepressant-Resistant Major Depression? Am J Psychiatry 2020; 177:891-894. [PMID: 32998547 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20071081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay J Mathew
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston
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331
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Numerical density of oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte clusters in the anterior putamen in major psychiatric disorders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 270:841-850. [PMID: 32060609 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01108-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence to support the notion that oligodendrocyte and myelin abnormalities may contribute to the functional dysconnectivity found in the major psychiatric disorders. The putamen, which is an important hub in the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical loop, has been implicated in a broad spectrum of psychiatric illnesses and is a central target of their treatments. Previously we reported a reduction in the numerical density of oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte clusters in the prefrontal and parietal cortex in schizophrenia. Oligodendrocyte clusters contain oligodendrocyte progenitors and are involved in functionally dependent myelination. We measured the numerical density (Nv) of oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte clusters in the putamen in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BPD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) as compared to healthy controls (15 cases per group). Optical disector was used to estimate the Nv of oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte clusters. A significant reduction in both the Nv of oligodendrocytes (- 34%; p < 0.01) and the Nv of oligodendrocyte clusters (- 41%; p < 0.05) was found in the schizophrenia group as compared to the control group. Sexual dimorphism for both measurements was found only within the control group. The Nv of oligodendrocytes was significantly lower in male schizophrenia cases as compared to the male control cases. However, the Nv of oligodendrocyte clusters was significantly lower in all male clinical cases as compared to the male control group. The data suggest that lowered density of oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte clusters may contribute to the altered functional connectivity in the putamen in subjects with schizophrenia.
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332
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Yu H, Villanueva N, Bittar T, Arsenault E, Labonté B, Huan T. Parallel metabolomics and lipidomics enables the comprehensive study of mouse brain regional metabolite and lipid patterns. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1136:168-177. [PMID: 33081941 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Global profiling of the metabolome and lipidome of specific brain regions is essential to understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating brain activity. Given the limited amount of starting material, conventional mouse studies comparing brain regions have mainly targeted a set of known metabolites in large brain regions (e.g., cerebrum, cortex). In this work, we developed a multimodal analytical pipeline enabling parallel analyses of metabolomic and lipidomic profiles from anatomically distinct mouse brain regions starting with less than 0.2 mg of protein content. This analytical pipeline is composed of (1) sonication-based tissue homogenization, (2) parallel metabolite and lipid extraction, (3) BCA-based sample normalization, (4) ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based multimodal metabolome and lipidome profiling, (5) streamlined data processing, and (6) chord plot-based data visualization. We applied this pipeline to the study of four brain regions in males including the amygdala, dorsal hippocampus, nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area. With this novel approach, we detected over 5000 metabolic and 6000 lipid features, among which 134 metabolites and 479 lipids were directly confirmed via automated MS2 spectral matching. Interestingly, our analysis identified unique metabolic and lipid profiles in each brain regions. Furthermore, we identified functional relationships amongst metabolic and lipid subclasses, potentially underlying cellular and functional differences across all four brain regions. Overall, our novel workflow generates comprehensive region-specific metabolomic and lipidomic profiles using very low amount of brain sub-regional tissue sample, which could be readily integrated with region-specific genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data to reveal novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the activity of distinct brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxu Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, BC, Canada
| | - Nathaniel Villanueva
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, BC, Canada
| | - Thibault Bittar
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec, G1J 2G3, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Arsenault
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec, G1J 2G3, QC, Canada
| | - Benoit Labonté
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec, G1J 2G3, QC, Canada
| | - Tao Huan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, BC, Canada.
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333
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Epigenetic mechanisms underlying stress-induced depression. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 156:87-126. [PMID: 33461666 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stressful life events are a major contributor to the development of major depressive disorder. Environmental perturbations like stress change gene expression in the brain, leading to altered behavior. Gene expression is ultimately regulated by chromatin structure and the epigenetic modifications of DNA and the histone proteins that make up chromatin. Studies over the past two decades have demonstrated that stress alters the epigenetic landscape in several brain regions relevant for depressive-like behavior in rodents. This chapter will discuss epigenetic mechanisms of brain histone acetylation, histone methylation, and DNA methylation that contribute to adult stress-induced depressive-like behavior in rodents. Several biological themes have emerged from the examination of the brain transcriptome after stress such as alterations in the neuroimmune response, neurotrophic factors, and synaptic structure. The epigenetic mechanisms regulating these processes will be highlighted. Finally, pharmacological and genetic manipulations of epigenetic enzymes in rodent models of depression will be discussed as these approaches have demonstrated the ability to reverse stress-induced depressive-like behaviors and provide proof-of-concept as novel avenues for the treatment of clinical depression.
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334
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Pierone BC, Pereira CA, Garcez ML, Kaster MP. Stress and signaling pathways regulating autophagy: From behavioral models to psychiatric disorders. Exp Neurol 2020; 334:113485. [PMID: 32987001 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a process of degradation and recycling of cytoplasmatic components by the lysosomes. In the central nervous system (CNS), autophagy is involved in cell surveillance, neuroinflammation, and neuroplasticity. Neuropsychiatric conditions are associated with functional disturbances at molecular and cellular levels, causing significant impairments in cell homeostasis. Additionally, emerging evidence supports that dysfunctions in autophagy contribute to the pathophysiology of neurological diseases. However, the studies on autophagy in psychiatric disorders are highly heterogeneous and have several limitations, mainly to assess causality and determine the autophagy flux in animals and human samples. Besides, the role of this mechanism in non-neuronal cells in the CNS is only recently being explored. Thus, this review summarizes and discusses the changes in the autophagy pathway in animal models of psychiatric disorders and the limitations underlying the significant findings. Moreover, we compared these findings with clinical studies. Understanding the involvement of autophagy in psychiatric conditions, and the limitation of our current models may contribute to the development of more effective research approaches and possibly pharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna C Pierone
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Caibe A Pereira
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Michelle L Garcez
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Manuella P Kaster
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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335
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Convergent molecular, cellular, and cortical neuroimaging signatures of major depressive disorder. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:25138-25149. [PMID: 32958675 PMCID: PMC7547155 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008004117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a debilitating condition with diverse neuroimaging correlates, including cortical thinning in medial prefrontal cortex and altered functional connectivity of cortical association networks. However, the molecular bases of these imaging markers remain ambiguous, despite a need for treatment targets and mechanisms. Here, we advance cross-modal approaches to identify cell types and gene transcripts associated with depression-implicated cortex. Across multiple population-imaging datasets (combined N ≥ 23,723) and ex vivo patient cortical tissue, somatostatin interneurons and astrocytes emerge as replicable cell-level correlates of depression and negative affect. These data identify transcripts, cell types, and molecular processes associated with neuroimaging markers of depression and offer a roadmap for integrating in vivo clinical imaging with genetic and postmortem patient transcriptional data. Major depressive disorder emerges from the complex interactions of biological systems that span genes and molecules through cells, networks, and behavior. Establishing how neurobiological processes coalesce to contribute to depression requires a multiscale approach, encompassing measures of brain structure and function as well as genetic and cell-specific transcriptional data. Here, we examine anatomical (cortical thickness) and functional (functional variability, global brain connectivity) correlates of depression and negative affect across three population-imaging datasets: UK Biobank, Brain Genomics Superstruct Project, and Enhancing NeuroImaging through Meta Analysis (ENIGMA; combined n ≥ 23,723). Integrative analyses incorporate measures of cortical gene expression, postmortem patient transcriptional data, depression genome-wide association study (GWAS), and single-cell gene transcription. Neuroimaging correlates of depression and negative affect were consistent across three independent datasets. Linking ex vivo gene down-regulation with in vivo neuroimaging, we find that transcriptional correlates of depression imaging phenotypes track gene down-regulation in postmortem cortical samples of patients with depression. Integrated analysis of single-cell and Allen Human Brain Atlas expression data reveal somatostatin interneurons and astrocytes to be consistent cell associates of depression, through both in vivo imaging and ex vivo cortical gene dysregulation. Providing converging evidence for these observations, GWAS-derived polygenic risk for depression was enriched for genes expressed in interneurons, but not glia. Underscoring the translational potential of multiscale approaches, the transcriptional correlates of depression-linked brain function and structure were enriched for disorder-relevant molecular pathways. These findings bridge levels to connect specific genes, cell classes, and biological pathways to in vivo imaging correlates of depression.
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336
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Abstract
In this issue of Neuron, Issler et al. (2020) have identified the neuronal, long intergenic noncoding RNA LINC00473 as a potential molecular risk factor for the increased susceptibility for depression in females.
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337
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Deonaraine KK, Wang Q, Cheng H, Chan KL, Lin HY, Liu K, Parise LF, Cathomas F, Leclair KB, Flanigan ME, Li L, Aleyasin H, Guevara C, Hao K, Zhang B, Russo SJ, Wang J. Sex-specific peripheral and central responses to stress-induced depression and treatment in a mouse model. J Neurosci Res 2020; 98:2541-2553. [PMID: 32918293 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder affects ~20% of the world population and is characterized by strong sexual dimorphism with females being two to three times more likely to develop this disorder. Previously, we demonstrated that a combination therapy with dihydrocaffeic acid and malvidin-glucoside to synergistically target peripheral inflammation and stress-induced synaptic maladaptation in the brain was effective in alleviating chronic social defeat stress (CSDS)-induced depression-like phenotype in male mice. Here, we test the combination therapy in a female CSDS model for depression and compared sex-specific responses to stress in the periphery and the central nervous system. Similar to male mice, the combination treatment is also effective in promoting resilience against the CSDS-induced depression-like behavior in female mice. However, there are sex-specific differences in peripheral immune responses and differential gene regulation in the prefrontal cortex to chronic stress and to the treatment. These data indicate that while therapeutic approaches to combat stress-related disorders may be effective in both sexes, the mechanisms underlying these effects differ, emphasizing the need for inclusion of both sexes in preclinical studies using animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina K Deonaraine
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multi-Scale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Haoxiang Cheng
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenny L Chan
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kalena Liu
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lyonna F Parise
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Flurin Cathomas
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine B Leclair
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meghan E Flanigan
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Long Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hossein Aleyasin
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Guevara
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multi-Scale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott J Russo
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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338
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An N, Bassil K, Al Jowf GI, Steinbusch HWM, Rothermel M, de Nijs L, Rutten BPF. Dual-specificity phosphatases in mental and neurological disorders. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 198:101906. [PMID: 32905807 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The dual-specificity phosphatase (DUSP) family includes a heterogeneous group of protein phosphatases that dephosphorylate both phospho-tyrosine and phospho-serine/phospho-threonine residues within a single substrate. These protein phosphatases have many substrates and modulate diverse neural functions, such as neurogenesis, differentiation, and apoptosis. DUSP genes have furthermore been associated with mental disorders such as depression and neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Herein, we review the current literature on the DUSP family of genes concerning mental and neurological disorders. This review i) outlines the structure and general functions of DUSP genes, and ii) overviews the literature on DUSP genes concerning mental and neurological disorders, including model systems, while furthermore providing perspectives for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning An
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Katherine Bassil
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ghazi I Al Jowf
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; College of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Public Health, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia; European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Harry W M Steinbusch
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Markus Rothermel
- European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Chemosensation - AG Neuromodulation, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Laurence de Nijs
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bart P F Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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339
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Treading water: mixed effects of high fat diet on mouse behavior in the forced swim test. Physiol Behav 2020; 223:112965. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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340
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Li S, Li Y, Li X, Liu J, Huo Y, Wang J, Liu Z, Li M, Luo XJ. Regulatory mechanisms of major depressive disorder risk variants. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:1926-1945. [PMID: 32214206 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0715-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders and a leading cause of disability worldwide. Though recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple risk variants for MDD, how these variants confer MDD risk remains largely unknown. Here we systematically characterize the regulatory mechanism of MDD risk variants using a functional genomics approach. By integrating chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) (from human brain tissues or neuronal cells) and position weight matrix (PWM) data, we identified 34 MDD risk SNPs that disrupt the binding of 15 transcription factors (TFs). We verified the regulatory effect of the TF binding-disrupting SNPs with reporter gene assays, allelic-specific expression analysis, and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis identified the target genes that might be regulated by these regulatory risk SNPs. Finally, we found that NEGR1 (regulated by the TF binding-disrupting MDD risk SNP rs3101339) was dysregulated in the brains of MDD cases compared with controls, implying that rs3101339 may confer MDD risk by affecting NEGR1 expression. Our findings reveal how genetic variants contribute to MDD risk by affecting TF binding and gene regulation. More importantly, our study identifies the potential MDD causal variants and their target genes, thus providing pivotal candidates for future mechanistic study and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiewei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Yongxia Huo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Junyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhongchun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiong-Jian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China. .,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China. .,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China. .,KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.
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341
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Mauvais-Jarvis F, Bairey Merz N, Barnes PJ, Brinton RD, Carrero JJ, DeMeo DL, De Vries GJ, Epperson CN, Govindan R, Klein SL, Lonardo A, Maki PM, McCullough LD, Regitz-Zagrosek V, Regensteiner JG, Rubin JB, Sandberg K, Suzuki A. Sex and gender: modifiers of health, disease, and medicine. Lancet 2020; 396:565-582. [PMID: 32828189 PMCID: PMC7440877 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31561-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 956] [Impact Index Per Article: 239.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Clinicians can encounter sex and gender disparities in diagnostic and therapeutic responses. These disparities are noted in epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, disease progression, and response to treatment. This Review discusses the fundamental influences of sex and gender as modifiers of the major causes of death and morbidity. We articulate how the genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal influences of biological sex influence physiology and disease, and how the social constructs of gender affect the behaviour of the community, clinicians, and patients in the health-care system and interact with pathobiology. We aim to guide clinicians and researchers to consider sex and gender in their approach to diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases as a necessary and fundamental step towards precision medicine, which will benefit men's and women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Mauvais-Jarvis
- Diabetes Discovery & Sex-Based Medicine Laboratory, Section of Endocrinology, John W Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine and Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Noel Bairey Merz
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter J Barnes
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Roberta D Brinton
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Juan-Jesus Carrero
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Center for Gender Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dawn L DeMeo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Geert J De Vries
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - C Neill Epperson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ramaswamy Govindan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sabra L Klein
- W Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amedeo Lonardo
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara, Modena, Italy
| | - Pauline M Maki
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Psychology, and Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Louise D McCullough
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vera Regitz-Zagrosek
- Berlin Institute of Gender Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Judith G Regensteiner
- Center for Women's Health Research, Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Department of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, and Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kathryn Sandberg
- Center for the Study of Sex Differences in Health, Aging and Disease, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ayako Suzuki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA; Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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342
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Mazzara PG, Muggeo S, Luoni M, Massimino L, Zaghi M, Valverde PTT, Brusco S, Marzi MJ, Palma C, Colasante G, Iannielli A, Paulis M, Cordiglieri C, Giannelli SG, Podini P, Gellera C, Taroni F, Nicassio F, Rasponi M, Broccoli V. Frataxin gene editing rescues Friedreich's ataxia pathology in dorsal root ganglia organoid-derived sensory neurons. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4178. [PMID: 32826895 PMCID: PMC7442818 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17954-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal-recessive neurodegenerative and cardiac disorder which occurs when transcription of the FXN gene is silenced due to an excessive expansion of GAA repeats into its first intron. Herein, we generate dorsal root ganglia organoids (DRG organoids) by in vitro differentiation of human iPSCs. Bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing show that DRG organoids present a transcriptional signature similar to native DRGs and display the main peripheral sensory neuronal and glial cell subtypes. Furthermore, when co-cultured with human intrafusal muscle fibers, DRG organoid sensory neurons contact their peripheral targets and reconstitute the muscle spindle proprioceptive receptors. FRDA DRG organoids model some molecular and cellular deficits of the disease that are rescued when the entire FXN intron 1 is removed, and not with the excision of the expanded GAA tract. These results strongly suggest that removal of the repressed chromatin flanking the GAA tract might contribute to rescue FXN total expression and fully revert the pathological hallmarks of FRDA DRG neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Giuseppe Mazzara
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 92037, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sharon Muggeo
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirko Luoni
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Massimino
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Zaghi
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Simone Brusco
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Jacopo Marzi
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Palma
- Department of Electronics, Information & Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaia Colasante
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Iannielli
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Neuroscience, 20129, Milan, Italy
| | - Marianna Paulis
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Cordiglieri
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo e Enrica Invernizzi" - INGM, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Gea Giannelli
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Podini
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Gellera
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Taroni
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicassio
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Rasponi
- Department of Electronics, Information & Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Vania Broccoli
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy.
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Neuroscience, 20129, Milan, Italy.
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343
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Niculescu AB, Le-Niculescu H, Roseberry K, Wang S, Hart J, Kaur A, Robertson H, Jones T, Strasburger A, Williams A, Kurian SM, Lamb B, Shekhar A, Lahiri DK, Saykin AJ. Blood biomarkers for memory: toward early detection of risk for Alzheimer disease, pharmacogenomics, and repurposed drugs. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:1651-1672. [PMID: 31792364 PMCID: PMC7387316 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0602-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Short-term memory dysfunction is a key early feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Psychiatric patients may be at higher risk for memory dysfunction and subsequent AD due to the negative effects of stress and depression on the brain. We carried out longitudinal within-subject studies in male and female psychiatric patients to discover blood gene expression biomarkers that track short term memory as measured by the retention measure in the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test. These biomarkers were subsequently prioritized with a convergent functional genomics approach using previous evidence in the field implicating them in AD. The top candidate biomarkers were then tested in an independent cohort for ability to predict state short-term memory, and trait future positive neuropsychological testing for cognitive impairment. The best overall evidence was for a series of new, as well as some previously known genes, which are now newly shown to have functional evidence in humans as blood biomarkers: RAB7A, NPC2, TGFB1, GAP43, ARSB, PER1, GUSB, and MAPT. Additional top blood biomarkers include GSK3B, PTGS2, APOE, BACE1, PSEN1, and TREM2, well known genes implicated in AD by previous brain and genetic studies, in humans and animal models, which serve as reassuring de facto positive controls for our whole-genome gene expression discovery approach. Biological pathway analyses implicate LXR/RXR activation, neuroinflammation, atherosclerosis signaling, and amyloid processing. Co-directionality of expression data provide new mechanistic insights that are consistent with a compensatory/scarring scenario for brain pathological changes. A majority of top biomarkers also have evidence for involvement in other psychiatric disorders, particularly stress, providing a molecular basis for clinical co-morbidity and for stress as an early precipitant/risk factor. Some of them are modulated by existing drugs, such as antidepressants, lithium and omega-3 fatty acids. Other drug and nutraceutical leads were identified through bioinformatic drug repurposing analyses (such as pioglitazone, levonorgestrel, salsolidine, ginkgolide A, and icariin). Our work contributes to the overall pathophysiological understanding of memory disorders and AD. It also opens new avenues for precision medicine- diagnostics (assement of risk) as well as early treatment (pharmacogenomically informed, personalized, and preventive).
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Niculescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Indianapolis VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - H Le-Niculescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - K Roseberry
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - S Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indianapolis VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - J Hart
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - A Kaur
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - H Robertson
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - T Jones
- Indianapolis VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - A Strasburger
- Indianapolis VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - A Williams
- Indianapolis VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - S M Kurian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - B Lamb
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - A Shekhar
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - D K Lahiri
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - A J Saykin
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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344
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Neuro-transcriptomic signatures for mood disorder morbidity and suicide mortality. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 127:62-74. [PMID: 32485434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Suicidal behaviors are strongly linked with mood disorders, but the specific neurobiological and functional gene-expression correlates for this linkage remain elusive. We performed neuroimaging-guided RNA-sequencing in two studies to test the hypothesis that imaging-localized gray matter volume (GMV) loss in mood disorders, harbors gene-expression changes associated with disease morbidity and related suicide mortality in an independent postmortem cohort. To do so, first, we conducted study 1 using an anatomical likelihood estimation (ALE) MRI meta-analysis including a total of 47 voxel-based morphometry (VBM) publications (i.e. 26 control versus (vs) major depressive disorder (MDD) studies, and 21 control vs bipolar disorder (BD) studies) in 2387 (living) participants. Study 1 meta-analysis identified a selective anterior insula cortex (AIC) GMV loss in mood disorders. We then used this results to guide study 2 postmortem tissue dissection and RNA-Sequencing of 100 independent donor brain samples with a life-time history of MDD (N = 30), BD (N = 37) and control (N = 33). In study 2, exploratory factor-analysis identified a higher-order factor representing number of Axis-1 diagnoses (e.g. substance use disorders/psychosis/anxiety, etc.), referred to here as morbidity and suicide-completion referred to as mortality. Comparisons of case-vs-control, and factor-analysis defined higher-order-factor contrast variables revealed that the imaging-identified AIC GMV loss sub-region harbors differential gene-expression changes in high morbidity-&-mortality versus low morbidity-&-mortality cohorts in immune, inflammasome, and neurodevelopmental pathways. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis further identified co-activated gene modules for psychiatric morbidity and mortality outcomes. These results provide evidence that AIC anatomical signature for mood disorders are possible correlates for gene-expression abnormalities in mood morbidity and suicide mortality.
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345
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Trautmann C, Burek D, Hübner CA, Girault JA, Engmann O. A regulatory pathway linking caffeine action, mood and the diurnal clock. Neuropharmacology 2020; 172:108133. [PMID: 32413367 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Circadian abnormalities and mood changes are symptoms of depression. The psychostimulant caffeine alters wakefulness and alleviates other depression-related symptoms during chronic intake, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. It is not known, whether and how acute caffeine administration affects mood. Molecular approaches, transgenic mouse models, pharmacological intervention and behavioral analysis were combined to uncover a regulatory pathway, which connects caffeine action with diurnal signaling via the key dopaminergic protein DARPP-32 and alters mood-related phenotypes in mice, which are often assessed in the context of antidepressant action. We observed that Thr75-DARPP-32 binds to the circadian regulator CLOCK and disrupts CLOCK:BMAL1 chromatin binding, thereby affecting gene expression. T75A-DARPP-32 mutant mice show reduced caffeine effects on CLOCK:BMAL1 and lack caffeine-induced effects on mood. This study provides a link between caffeine, diurnal signaling and mood-related behaviors, which may open new perspectives for our understanding of antidepressant mechanisms in the mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Trautmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, Thüringen, 07747, Germany
| | - Dominika Burek
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christian A Hübner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, Thüringen, 07747, Germany
| | - Jean-Antoine Girault
- Inserm, Institut du Fer à Moulin UMR-S 1270, Paris, 75005, France; Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Olivia Engmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, Thüringen, 07747, Germany; Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Inserm, Institut du Fer à Moulin UMR-S 1270, Paris, 75005, France; Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75005, France; Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, University of Zürich and ETH Zürich, Center for Neuroscience Zürich, Brain Research Institute, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
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346
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O'Leary LA, Davoli MA, Belliveau C, Tanti A, Ma JC, Farmer WT, Turecki G, Murai KK, Mechawar N. Characterization of Vimentin-Immunoreactive Astrocytes in the Human Brain. Front Neuroanat 2020; 14:31. [PMID: 32848635 PMCID: PMC7406576 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2020.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are commonly identified by their expression of the intermediate filament protein glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). GFAP-immunoreactive (GFAP-IR) astrocytes exhibit regional heterogeneity in density and morphology in the mouse brain as well as morphological diversity in the human cortex. However, regional variations in astrocyte distribution and morphology remain to be assessed comprehensively. This was the overarching objective of this postmortem study, which mainly exploited the immunolabeling of vimentin (VIM), an intermediate filament protein expressed by astrocytes and endothelial cells which presents the advantage of more extensively labeling cell structures. We compared the densities of vimentin-immunoreactive (VIM-IR) and GFAP-IR astrocytes in various brain regions (prefrontal and primary visual cortex, caudate nucleus, mediodorsal thalamus) from male individuals having died suddenly in the absence of neurological or psychiatric conditions. The morphometric properties of VIM-IR in these brain regions were also assessed. We found that VIM-IR astrocytes generally express the canonical astrocytic markers Aldh1L1 and GFAP but that VIM-IR astrocytes are less abundant than GFAP-IR astrocytes in all human brain regions, particularly in the thalamus, where VIM-IR cells were nearly absent. About 20% of all VIM-IR astrocytes presented a twin cell morphology, a phenomenon rarely observed for GFAP-IR astrocytes. Furthermore VIM-IR astrocytes in the striatum were often seen to extend numerous parallel processes which seemed to give rise to large VIM-IR fiber bundles projecting over long distances. Moreover, morphometric analyses revealed that VIM-IR astrocytes were more complex than their mouse counterparts in functionally homologous brain regions, as has been previously reported for GFAP-IR astrocytes. Lastly, the density of GFAP-IR astrocytes in gray and white matter were inversely correlated with vascular density, but for VIM-IR astrocytes this was only the case in gray matter, suggesting that gliovascular interactions may especially influence the regional heterogeneity of GFAP-IR astrocytes. Taken together, these findings reveal special features displayed uniquely by human VIM-IR astrocytes and illustrate that astrocytes display important region- and marker-specific differences in the healthy human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Anuj O'Leary
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maria Antonietta Davoli
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada
| | - Claudia Belliveau
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Arnaud Tanti
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada
| | - Jie Christopher Ma
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada
| | - William Todd Farmer
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Keith Kazuo Murai
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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347
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Sousa A, Ferreira M, Oliveira C, Ferreira PG. Gender Differential Transcriptome in Gastric and Thyroid Cancers. Front Genet 2020; 11:808. [PMID: 32849808 PMCID: PMC7406663 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer has an important and considerable gender differential susceptibility confirmed by several epidemiological studies. Gastric (GC) and thyroid cancer (TC) are examples of malignancies with a higher incidence in males and females, respectively. Beyond environmental predisposing factors, it is expected that gender-specific gene deregulation contributes to this differential incidence. We performed a detailed characterization of the transcriptomic differences between genders in normal and tumor tissues from stomach and thyroid using Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. We found hundreds of sex-biased genes (SBGs). Most of the SBGs shared by normal and tumor belong to sexual chromosomes, while the normal and tumor-specific tend to be found in the autosomes. Expression of several cancer-associated genes is also found to differ between sexes in both types of tissue. Thousands of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between paired tumor-normal tissues were identified in GC and TC. For both cancers, in the most susceptible gender, the DEGs were mostly under-expressed in the tumor tissue, with an enrichment for tumor-suppressor genes (TSGs). Moreover, we found gene networks preferentially associated to males in GC and to females in TC and correlated with cancer histological subtypes. Our results shed light on the molecular differences and commonalities between genders and provide novel insights in the differential risk underlying these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Sousa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Ferreira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Oliveira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro G Ferreira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support, Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Porto, Portugal
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348
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Scarpa JR, Fatma M, Loh YHE, Traore SR, Stefan T, Chen TH, Nestler EJ, Labonté B. Shared Transcriptional Signatures in Major Depressive Disorder and Mouse Chronic Stress Models. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:159-168. [PMID: 32169281 PMCID: PMC7740570 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most of our knowledge of the biological basis of major depressive disorder (MDD) is derived from studies of chronic stress models in rodents. While these models capture certain aspects of the behavioral and neuroendocrine features of MDD, the extent to which they reproduce the molecular pathology of the human syndrome remains unknown. METHODS We systematically compared transcriptional signatures in two brain regions implicated in depression-medial prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens-of humans with MDD and of 3 chronic stress models in mice: chronic variable stress, adult social isolation, and chronic social defeat stress. We used differential expression analysis combined with weighted gene coexpression network analysis to create interspecies gene networks and assess the capacity of each stress paradigm to recapitulate the transcriptional organization of gene networks in human MDD. RESULTS Our results show significant overlap between transcriptional alterations in medial prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens in human MDD and the 3 mouse chronic stress models, with each of the chronic stress paradigms capturing distinct aspects of MDD abnormalities. Chronic variable stress and adult social isolation better reproduce differentially expressed genes, while chronic social defeat stress and adult social isolation better reproduce gene networks characteristic of human MDD. We also identified several gene networks and their constituent genes that are most significantly associated with human MDD and mouse stress models. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the ability of 3 chronic stress models in mice to recapitulate distinct aspects of the broad molecular pathology of human MDD, with no one mouse model apparently better than another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Scarpa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Mena Fatma
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Yong-Hwee E Loh
- Norris Medical Library, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Said Romaric Traore
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Theo Stefan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Ting Huei Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Eric J Nestler
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Benoit Labonté
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada.
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349
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Lynch CJ, Gunning FM, Liston C. Causes and Consequences of Diagnostic Heterogeneity in Depression: Paths to Discovering Novel Biological Depression Subtypes. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:83-94. [PMID: 32171465 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a highly heterogeneous syndrome that bears only modest correlations with its biological substrates, motivating a renewed interest in rethinking our approach to diagnosing depression for research purposes and new efforts to discover subtypes of depression anchored in biology. Here, we review the major causes of diagnostic heterogeneity in depression, with consideration of both clinical symptoms and behaviors (symptomatology and trajectory of depressive episodes) and biology (genetics and sexually dimorphic factors). Next, we discuss the promise of using data-driven strategies to discover novel subtypes of depression based on functional neuroimaging measures, including dimensional, categorical, and hybrid approaches to parsing diagnostic heterogeneity and understanding its biological basis. The merits of using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging functional connectivity techniques for subtyping are considered along with a set of technical challenges and potential solutions. We conclude by identifying promising future directions for defining neurobiologically informed depression subtypes and leveraging them in the future for predicting treatment outcomes and informing clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Lynch
- Brain and Mind Research Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Faith M Gunning
- Brain and Mind Research Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Conor Liston
- Brain and Mind Research Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
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350
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Abstract
The prevalence and clinical characteristics of depressive disorders differ between women and men; however, the genetic contribution to sex differences in depressive disorders has not been elucidated. To evaluate sex-specific differences in the genetic architecture of depression, whole exome sequencing of samples from 1000 patients (70.7% female) with depressive disorder was conducted. Control data from healthy individuals with no psychiatric disorder (n = 72, 26.4% female) and East-Asian subpopulation 1000 Genome Project data (n = 207, 50.7% female) were included. The genetic variation between men and women was directly compared using both qualitative and quantitative research designs. Qualitative analysis identified five genetic markers potentially associated with increased risk of depressive disorder in females, including three variants (rs201432982 within PDE4A, and rs62640397 and rs79442975 within FDX1L) mapping to chromosome 19p13.2 and two novel variants (rs820182 and rs820148) within MYO15B at the chromosome 17p25.1 locus. Depressed patients homozygous for these variants showed more severe depressive symptoms and higher suicidality than those who were not homozygotes (i.e., heterozygotes and homozygotes for the non-associated allele). Quantitative analysis demonstrated that the genetic burden of protein-truncating and deleterious variants was higher in males than females, even after permutation testing. Our study provides novel genetic evidence that the higher prevalence of depressive disorders in women may be attributable to inherited variants.
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