301
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Li X, Zhao Q, Qiu L. Smart ligand: aptamer-mediated targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs and siRNA for cancer therapy. J Control Release 2013; 171:152-62. [PMID: 23777885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers are a class of oligonucleotides that can specifically bind to different targets with high affinity. Since their discovery in 1980s, aptamers have attracted considerable interests in medical applications. So far, initial research using aptamers as delivery systems has produced exciting results. In this review, we summarize recent progress in aptamer-mediated chemotherapeutic drug and siRNA delivery systems in tumor treatment. With regard to chemotherapeutic drugs, the 2 main methods for targeted delivery using aptamers are as follows: aptamer-drug systems (in which aptamers directly deliver the drug both as a carrier and as a ligand) and aptamer-nanoparticles systems (in which nanoparticles function together with aptamers for targeted delivery of drugs). For delivery of siRNA, aptamers can be utilized by the following ways to facilitate targeting: (1) linked by a connector; (2) form a chimera; and (3) combined with nanoparticles. In co-delivery system, the advantages associated with the use of aptamers are beginning to become apparent also. Here, the challenges and new perspectives in the field of aptamer-mediated delivery have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
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302
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Wang F, Shao N, Cheng Y. Paramagnetic NMR investigation of dendrimer-based host-guest interactions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64722. [PMID: 23762249 PMCID: PMC3677888 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the host-guest behavior of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers bearing amine, hydroxyl, or carboxylate surface functionalities were investigated by paramagnetic NMR studies. 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidinyloxy (TEMPO) derivatives were used as paramagnetic guest molecules. The results showed that TEMPO-COOH significantly broaden the 1H NMR peaks of amine- and hydroxyl-terminated PAMAM dendrimers. In comparison, no paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) was observed between TEMPO-NH2, TEMPO-OH and the three types of PAMAM dendrimers. The PRE phenomenon observed is correlated with the encapsulation of TEMPO-COOH within dendrimer pockets. Protonation of the tertiary amine groups within PAMAM dendrimers plays an important role during this process. Interestingly, the absence of TEMPO-COOH encapsulation within carboxylate-terminated PAMAM dendrimer is observed due to the repulsion of TEMPO-COO- anion and anionic dendrimer surface. The combination of paramagnetic probes and 1H NMR linewidth analysis can be used as a powerful tool in the analysis of dendrimer-based host-guest systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Naimin Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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303
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Tian WD, Ma YQ. Theoretical and computational studies of dendrimers as delivery vectors. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:705-27. [PMID: 23114420 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35306g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It is a great challenge for nanomedicine to develop novel dendrimers with maximum therapeutic potential and minimum side-effects for drug and gene delivery. As delivery vectors, dendrimers must overcome lots of barriers before delivering the bio-agents to the target in the cell. Extensive experimental investigations have been carried out to elucidate the physical and chemical properties of dendrimers and explore their behaviors when interacting with biomolecules, such as gene materials, proteins, and lipid membranes. As a supplement of the experimental techniques, it has been proved that computer simulations could facilitate the progress in understanding the delivery process of bioactive molecules. The structures of dendrimers in dilute solutions have been intensively investigated by monomer-resolved simulations, coarse-grained simulations, and atom-resolved simulations. Atomistic simulations have manifested that the hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen-bond interactions, and electrostatic attraction play critical roles in the formation of dendrimer-drug complexes. Multiscale simulations and statistical field theories have uncovered some physical mechanisms involved in the dendrimer-based gene delivery systems. This review will focus on the current status and perspective of theoretical and computational contributions in this field in recent years. (275 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-de Tian
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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304
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Wei J, Shi J, Zhang J, He G, Pan J, He J, Zhou R, Guo L, Ouyang L. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of enzymatically cleavable NSAIDs prodrugs derived from self-immolative dendritic scaffolds for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:4192-200. [PMID: 23719287 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that delivery systems based on dendritic prodrugs of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) improved the properties of drug molecules and reduced the side effects and irritation on the gastric mucosa. To find a more effective way in NSAIDs dendritic prodrugs, in this paper, three different dendritic scaffolds of enzymatically cleavable naproxen conjugates have been synthesized in a convergent approach and well characterized by NMR and MS techniques. These self-immolative dendritic NISADs prodrugs programmed to release multiple molecules of the potent naproxen after a single enzymatic activation step, and in 50% human plasma, the drug released from the compound T3 reaching 47.3% after 24h in vitro assay. Moreover, all prodrugs were also found to maintain more significant anti-inflammatory activity, no significant cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells and less degree of ulcerogenic potential in vivo than their monomeric counterpart naproxen. These results provided an effective entry to the development of new dendritic NSAIDs prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Education Ministry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
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305
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Xue L, Yang Z, Wang D, Wang Y, Zhang J, Feng S. Synthesis and characterization of silicon-containing hyperbranched polymers via thiol-ene click reaction. J Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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306
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Li T, Tian W, Zhang Q, Cheng Y. Generation 9 polyamidoamine dendrimer encapsulated platinum nanoparticle mimics catalase size, shape, and catalytic activity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:5262-70. [PMID: 23544351 DOI: 10.1021/la3046077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) encapsulated platinum nanoparticles were synthesized and used as catalase mimics. Acetylated generation 9 (Ac-G9) PAMAM dendrimer with a molecular size around 10 nm was used as a template to synthesize platinum nanoparticles. The feeding molar ratio of Pt(4+) and Ac-G9 is 2048, and the synthesized platinum nanoparticle (Ac-G9/Pt NP) has an average size of 3.3 nm. Ac-G9/Pt NP has a similar molecular size and globular shape with catalase (~11 nm). The catalytic activity of Ac-G9/Pt NP on the decomposition of H2O2 is approaching that of catalase at 37 °C. Ac-G9/Pt NP shows differential response to the changes of pH and temperature compared with catalase, which can be explained by different catalytic mechanisms of Ac-G9/Pt NP and catalase. Ac-G9/Pt NP also shows horseradish peroxidase activity and is able to scavenge free radicals such as di(phenyl)-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)iminoazanium (DPPH). Furthermore, Ac-G9/Pt NP shows excellent biocompatibility on different cell lines and can down-regulate H2O2-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in these cells. These results suggest that dendrimers are promising mimics of proteins with different sizes and Ac-G9/Pt NP can be used as an alternative candidate of catalase to decrease oxidation stress in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
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307
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Wen AM, Rambhia PH, French RH, Steinmetz NF. Design rules for nanomedical engineering: from physical virology to the applications of virus-based materials in medicine. J Biol Phys 2013; 39:301-25. [PMID: 23860875 PMCID: PMC3662409 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-013-9314-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical virology seeks to define the principles of physics underlying viral infections, traditionally focusing on the fundamental processes governing virus assembly, maturation, and disassembly. A detailed understanding of virus structure and assembly has facilitated the development and analysis of virus-based materials for medical applications. In this Physical Virology review article, we discuss the recent developments in nanomedicine that help us to understand how physical properties affect the in vivo fate and clinical impact of (virus-based) nanoparticles. We summarize and discuss the design rules that need to be considered for the successful development and translation of virus-based nanomaterials from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. Wen
- />Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Pooja H. Rambhia
- />Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Roger H. French
- />Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- />Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
- />Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
- />Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
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308
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Zhang Q, Wang N, Zhao L, Xu T, Cheng Y. Polyamidoamine dendronized hollow fiber membranes in the recovery of heavy metal ions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:1907-1912. [PMID: 23470134 DOI: 10.1021/am400155b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendronized hollow fiber membranes (HFMs) were synthesized and used in the recovery of heavy metal ions. The dendronized HFMs showed strong binding ability with Cu(2+), Pb(2+), and Cd(2+) ions. Generation 3 (G3) PAMAM dendronized HFM (G3-HFM) retained 72% of its Cu(2+) binding capacity after five cycles of use and recovery. Interestingly, Cu2(OH)3Cl, Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2, and CdCO3 crystals were grown on G3-HFM surface when G3-HFMs were immersed in CuCl2, Pb(NO3)2, and CdCl2 solutions, respectively, while no crystal was observed with nonmodified HFMs. The results provide new insights into the applications of membrane-supported dendrimers in the recovery of heavy metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
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309
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Sapsford KE, Algar WR, Berti L, Gemmill KB, Casey BJ, Oh E, Stewart MH, Medintz IL. Functionalizing nanoparticles with biological molecules: developing chemistries that facilitate nanotechnology. Chem Rev 2013; 113:1904-2074. [PMID: 23432378 DOI: 10.1021/cr300143v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 818] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim E Sapsford
- Division of Biology, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
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310
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Cai X, Hu J, Xiao J, Cheng Y. Dendrimer and cancer: a patent review (2006-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2013; 23:515-29. [PMID: 23339480 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2013.761207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dendrimers were widely used in cancer diagnosis and therapy during the past decade. The surface functionalities allow bioactive molecules such as imaging probes, therapeutic compounds, targeting ligands to be present on dendrimer surface in a multivalent fashion. In addition, the interior pockets as well as the charged surface of dendrimer can be encapsulated/bound with anti-cancer drugs or therapeutic DNAs/siRNAs. AREAS COVERED The combination of dendrimer chemistry and new cancer therapy techniques such as radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy, neuron capture therapy, and photothermal therapy provides promising strategies in future cancer therapy. Here, we focused on recent advances on this topic in the patents (2006 - present) and discussed the advantages of dendrimer technology in these inventions. EXPERT OPINION The challenges and perspectives of dendrimer-based theranostics for cancer diagnosis and therapy are discussed. Future efforts in this area should be focused on designing materials to solve problems such as cancer metastasis, multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells, and early-stage cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopan Cai
- East China Normal University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
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311
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Zhang Y, Yang J. Design Strategies for Fluorescent Biodegradable Polymeric Biomaterials. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:132-148. [PMID: 23710326 PMCID: PMC3660738 DOI: 10.1039/c2tb00071g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The marriage of biodegradable polymer and fluorescent imaging has resulted in an important area of polymeric biomaterials: biodegradable fluorescent polymers. Researchers have put significant efforts on developing versatile fluorescent biomaterials due to their promising in biological/biomedical labeling, tracking, monitoring, imaging, and diagnostic applications, especially in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and cancer imaging applications. Biodegradable fluorescent polymers can function not only as implant biomaterials but also as imaging probes. Currently, there are two major classes of biodegradable polymers used as fluorescent materials. The first class is the combination of non-fluorescent biodegradable polymers and fluorescent agents such as organic dyes and quantum dots. Another class of polymers shows intrinsic photoluminescence as polymers by themselves carrying integral fluorescent chemical structures in or pendent to their polymer backbone, such as Green Fluorescent protein (GFP), and the recently developed biodegradable photoluminescent polymer (BPLP). Thus there is no need to conjugate or encapsulate additional fluorescent materials for the latter. In the present review, we will review the fluorescent biodegradable polymers with emphases on material fluorescence mechanism, design criteria for fluorescence, and their cutting-edge applications in biomedical engineering. We expect that this review will provide insightful discussion on the fluorescent biomaterial design and lead to innovations for the development of the next generation of fluorescent biomaterials and fluorescence-based biomedical technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010
- Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and The University of Texas at Arlington, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of The Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
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312
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Bhattacharya P, Geitner NK, Sarupria S, Ke PC. Exploiting the physicochemical properties of dendritic polymers for environmental and biological applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:4477-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp44591g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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313
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Abstract
The advent of dendritic chemistry has facilitated materials research by allowing precise control of functional component placement in macromolecular architecture. The iterative synthetic protocols used for dendrimer construction were developed based on the desire to craft highly branched, high molecular weight, molecules with exact mass and tailored functionality. Arborols, inspired by trees and precursors of the utilitarian macromolecules known as dendrimers today, were the first examples to employ predesigned, 1 → 3 C-branched, building blocks; physical characteristics of the arborols, including their globular shapes, excellent solubilities, and demonstrated aggregation, combined to reveal the inherent supramolecular potential (e.g., the unimolecular micelle) of these unique species. The architecture that is a characteristic of dendritic materials also exhibits fractal qualities based on self-similar, repetitive, branched frameworks. Thus, the fractal design and supramolecular aspects of these constructs are suggestive of a larger field of fractal materials that incorporates repeating geometries and are derived by complementary building block recognition and assembly. Use of terpyridine-M2+-terpyridine (where, M = Ru, Zn, Fe, etc) connectivity in concert with mathematical algorithms, such as forms the basis for the Seirpinski gasket, has allowed the beginning exploration of fractal materials construction. The propensity of the fractal molecules to self-assemble into higher order architectures adds another dimension to this new arena of materials and composite construction.
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314
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Yue Y, Wu C. Progress and perspectives in developing polymeric vectors for in vitro gene delivery. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:152-170. [DOI: 10.1039/c2bm00030j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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315
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Zhu J, Shi X. Dendrimer-based nanodevices for targeted drug delivery applications. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:4199-4211. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20724b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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316
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Ma X, Zhou Z, Jin E, Sun Q, Zhang B, Tang J, Shen Y. Facile Synthesis of Polyester Dendrimers as Drug Delivery Carriers. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301849a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Ma
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - Zhuxian Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - Erlei Jin
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - Qihang Sun
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - Jianbin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering
of Ministry of Education, Center for Bionanoengineering, and Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering
of Ministry of Education, Center for Bionanoengineering, and Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
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317
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Hofman J, Buncek M, Haluza R, Streinz L, Ledvina M, Cigler P. In vitro transfection mediated by dendrigraft poly(L-lysines): the effect of structure and molecule size. Macromol Biosci 2012; 13:167-76. [PMID: 23233456 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic poly(L-lysines) (DGL) constitute promising nanomaterials applicable as a nonviral gene-delivery vector. In this study, we evaluate the transfection abilities of four DGL generations with special emphasis on the systematic description of the relationship of how generation (i.e., molecule size) affects the transfection efficacy. Using Hep2 cells, we demonstrated that the capability of unmodified DGL to deliver plasmid is of a magnitude lower than that of jetPEI. On the other hand, employing the Hep2 cell line stably transduced with eGFP, we observed that DGL G5 delivers the siRNA oligonucleotide with the same efficiency as Lipofectamine 2000. In further experiments, it was shown that DGL affords excellent ability to bind DNA, protect it against DNase I attack, and internalize it into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Hofman
- Generi Biotech Ltd., Machkova 587, 500 11 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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318
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Albertazzi L, Mickler FM, Pavan GM, Salomone F, Bardi G, Panniello M, Amir E, Kang T, Killops KL, Bräuchle C, Amir RJ, Hawker CJ. Enhanced bioactivity of internally functionalized cationic dendrimers with PEG cores. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:4089-97. [PMID: 23140570 PMCID: PMC3524974 DOI: 10.1021/bm301384y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid dendritic-linear block copolymers based on a 4-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) core were synthesized using an accelerated AB2/CD2 dendritic growth approach through orthogonal amine/epoxy and thiol-yne chemistries. The biological activity of these 4-arm and the corresponding 2-arm hybrid dendrimers revealed an enhanced, dendritic effect with an exponential increase in cell internalization concomitant with increasing amine end groups and low cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the ability of these hybrid dendrimers to induce endosomal escape combined with their facile and efficient synthesis makes them attractive platforms for gene transfection. The 4-arm-based dendrimer showed significantly improved DNA binding and gene transfection capabilities in comparison with the 2-arm derivative. These results combined with the MD simulation indicate a significant effect of both the topology of the PEG core and the multivalency of these hybrid macromolecules on their DNA binding and delivery capablities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5121, USA
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and CNR-INFM, and IIT@NEST, Center for Nanotechnology Innovation, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Frauke M. Mickler
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Center for NanoScience (CeNS) and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377, München, Germany
| | - Giovanni M. Pavan
- Laboratory of Applied Mathematics and Physics (LaMFI),University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), Centro Galleria 2, Manno, 6928, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Salomone
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and CNR-INFM, and IIT@NEST, Center for Nanotechnology Innovation, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bardi
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and CNR-INFM, and IIT@NEST, Center for Nanotechnology Innovation, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mariangela Panniello
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and CNR-INFM, and IIT@NEST, Center for Nanotechnology Innovation, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elizabeth Amir
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5121, USA
| | - Taegon Kang
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5121, USA
| | - Kato L. Killops
- US Army RDECOM Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010
| | - Christoph Bräuchle
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Center for NanoScience (CeNS) and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377, München, Germany
| | - Roey J. Amir
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5121, USA
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5121, USA
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319
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Reducing cytotoxicity while improving anti-cancer drug loading capacity of polypropylenimine dendrimers by surface acetylation. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:4304-13. [PMID: 22842039 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Polypropylenimine (PPI) dendrimers have been widely used as effective delivery vehicles for drugs and nucleic acids during the past decade. However, biomedical applications of PPI dendrimers were limited because of their serious cytotoxicity and low drug loading capacity. In the present study, acetylated PPI dendrimers with different degrees of acetylation ranging from 14.2% to 94.3% were synthesized and used to encapsulate drugs, including methotrexate sodium, sodium deoxycholate and doxorubicin. Acetylated PPI dendrimers with a degree of acetylation >80% showed a significantly decreased cytotoxicity (>90% cell viability) on MCF-7 and A549 cells. The drug loading capacity of acetylated PPI dendrimers increased proportionally with the degree of acetylation on the dendrimer surface. In addition, 94.3% acetylated PPI dendrimers exhibited a pH-responsive release profile of anticancer drugs loaded within the nanoparticles. The cytotoxicities of methotrexate sodium and doxorubicin on MCF-7 and A549 cells were significantly reduced when they were complexed with acetylated PPI dendrimers with high degrees of acetylation (>80%), owing to sustained drug release from the dendrimers. The results suggest that surface acetylation can reduce the cytotoxicity and improve the anticancer drug loading capacity of cationic dendrimers, and that acetylated PPI dendrimers are promising vehicles for anticancer drugs in clinical trials.
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320
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Liu H, Wang H, Yang W, Cheng Y. Disulfide cross-linked low generation dendrimers with high gene transfection efficacy, low cytotoxicity, and low cost. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:17680-7. [PMID: 23050493 DOI: 10.1021/ja307290j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cationic poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers were widely used as nonviral gene carriers. PAMAM dendrimer-based products such as Superfect and Priofect were already commercially available gene transfection reagents. However, these products are based on high generation dendrimers with high cost and serious cytotoxicity. In this study, we prepared high efficient gene carriers using disulfide cross-linked low generation (generation 2, G2) PAMAM dendrimers. These synthesized materials can effectively condense DNA into ~200 nm polyplexes and degrade into G2 dendrimers after cellular uptake. Confocal laser scanning microscope studies revealed high cellular uptake behavior of disulfide cross-linked G2 PAMAM dendrimers. Compared to G2 and G5 PAMAM dendrimers, disulfide cross-linked G2 PAMAM dendrimers showed much improved gene transfection efficacy (both EGFP and luciferase gene) and low cytotoxicity on both HEK293 and HeLa cell lines. The disulfide cross-linked G2 dendrimer prepared at a linker/dendrimer molar ratio of 1:1 showed the highest gene transfection efficacy and exhibited comparable efficacy to branched PEI with a molecular weight of 25 kD, a commercially available nonviral gene vector. Our study demonstrated that disulfide cross-linked low generation PAMAM dendrimers with high transfection efficacy, low cytotoxicity, and low cost are efficient alternatives to high generation PAMAM dendrimers in gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
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321
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Wu MG, Hsu HL, Hsiao KW, Hsieh CC, Chen HY. Vapor-deposited parylene photoresist: a multipotent approach toward chemically and topographically defined biointerfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:14313-14322. [PMID: 22966949 DOI: 10.1021/la302099y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Poly(4-benzoyl-p-xylylene-co-p-xylylene), a biologically compatible photoreactive polymer belonging to the parylene family, can be deposited using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) polymerization process on a wide range of substrates. This study discovered that the solvent stability of poly(4-benzoyl-p-xylylene-co-p-xylylene) in acetone is significantly increased when exposed to approximately 365 nm of UV irradiation, because of the cross-linking of benzophenone side chains with adjacent molecules. This discovery makes the photodefinable polymer a powerful tool for use as a negative photoresist for surface microstructuring and biointerface engineering purposes. The polymer is extensively characterized using infrared reflection adsorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and imaging ellipsometry. Furthermore, the vapor-based polymer coating process provides access to substrates with unconventional and complex three-dimensional (3D) geometries, as compared to conventional spin-coated resists that are limited to flat 2D assemblies. Moreover, this photoresist technology is seamlessly integrated with other functionalized parylenes including aldehyde-, acetylene-, and amine-functionalized parylenes to create unique surface microstructures that are chemically and topographically defined. The photopatterning and immobilization protocols described in this paper represent an approach that avoids contact between harmful substances (such as solvents and irradiations) and sensitive biomolecules. Finally, multiple biomolecules on planar substrates, as well as on unconventional 3D substrates (e.g., stents), are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Gi Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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322
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Lai LL, Wang SW, Cheng KL, Lee JJ, Wang TH, Hsu HF. Induction of the Columnar Phase of Unconventional Dendrimers by Breaking theC2Symmetry of Molecules. Chemistry 2012; 18:15361-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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323
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Abstract
Dendritic polymers have attracted a great deal of scientific interest due to their well-defined unique structure and capability to be multifunctionalized. Here we present a comprehensive overview of various dendrimer-based nanomaterials that are currently being investigated for therapeutic delivery and diagnostic applications. Through a critical review of the old and new dendritic designs, we highlight the advantages and disadvantages of these systems and their structure-biological property relationships. This article also focuses on the major challenges facing the clinical translation of these nanomaterials and how these challenges are being (or should be) addressed, which will greatly benefit the overall progress of dendritic materials for theranostics.
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324
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Nanotechnology-Based Biosensors and Diagnostics: Technology Push versus Industrial/Healthcare Requirements. BIONANOSCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-012-0047-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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325
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Wang H, Shao N, Qiao S, Cheng Y. Host–Guest Chemistry of Dendrimer–Cyclodextrin Conjugates: Selective Encapsulations of Guests within Dendrimer or Cyclodextrin Cavities Revealed by NOE NMR Techniques. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:11217-24. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3062916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Regulatory
Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Naimin Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Regulatory
Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Shengnan Qiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Regulatory
Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Regulatory
Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic
Resonance, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
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326
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Hötzer B, Medintz IL, Hildebrandt N. Fluorescence in nanobiotechnology: sophisticated fluorophores for novel applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:2297-326. [PMID: 22678833 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201200109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nanobiotechnology is one of the fastest growing and broadest-ranged interdisciplinary subfields of the nanosciences. Countless hybrid bio-inorganic composites are currently being pursued for various uses, including sensors for medical and diagnostic applications, light- and energy-harvesting devices, along with multifunctional architectures for electronics and advanced drug-delivery. Although many disparate biological and nanoscale materials will ultimately be utilized as the functional building blocks to create these devices, a common element found among a large proportion is that they exert or interact with light. Clearly continuing development will rely heavily on incorporating many different types of fluorophores into these composite materials. This review covers the growing utility of different classes of fluorophores in nanobiotechnology, from both a photophysical and a chemical perspective. For each major structural or functional class of fluorescent probe, several representative applications are provided, and the necessary technological background for acquiring the desired nano-bioanalytical information are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Hötzer
- NanoBioPhotonics, Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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327
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Ortega P, Moreno S, Tarazona MP, de la Mata FJ, Gómez Ramirez R. New hyperbranched carbosiloxane–carbosilane polymers with aromatic units in the backbone. Eur Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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328
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Kojima C, Fukada H, Inui T. Synthesis and binding properties of peptidomimetics based on a dendritic polymer. Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2012.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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329
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Pitto-Barry A, Zava O, Dyson PJ, Deschenaux R, Therrien B. Enhancement of Cytotoxicity by Combining Pyrenyl-Dendrimers and Arene Ruthenium Metallacages. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:7119-24. [DOI: 10.1021/ic202739d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Pitto-Barry
- Institut de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux
51, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Zava
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul J. Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robert Deschenaux
- Institut de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux
51, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Therrien
- Institut de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux
51, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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330
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Nanoparticle delivery systems for cancer therapy: advances in clinical and preclinical research. Clin Transl Oncol 2012; 14:83-93. [PMID: 22301396 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-012-0766-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Conventional anticancer drugs display significant shortcomings which limit their use in cancer therapy. For this reason, important progress has been achieved in the field of nanotechnology to solve these problems and offer a promising and effective alternative for cancer treatment. Nanoparticle drug delivery systems exploit the abnormal characteristics of tumour tissues to selectively target their payloads to cancer cells, either by passive, active or triggered targeting. Additionally, nanoparticles can be easily tuned to improve their properties, thereby increasing the therapeutic index of the drug. Liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, polymeric micelles and polymer- or lipid-drug conjugate nanoparticles incorporating cytotoxic therapeutics have been developed; some of them are already on the market and others are under clinical and preclinical research. However, there is still much research to be done to be able to defeat the limitations of traditional anticancer therapy. This review focuses on the potential of nanoparticle delivery systems in cancer treatment and the current advances achieved.
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331
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Zhao L, Li C, Zhang J, Wu Q, Xu T, Cheng Y. Interactions between Dendrimers and Ionic Liquids Revealed by Pulsed Field Gradient and Nuclear Overhauser Effect NMR Studies. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:7203-12. [DOI: 10.1021/jp303391c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qinglin Wu
- Division
of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, People’s Republic
of China
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332
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Jones CF, Campbell RA, Franks Z, Gibson CC, Thiagarajan G, Vieira-de-Abreu A, Sukavaneshvar S, Mohammad SF, Li DY, Ghandehari H, Weyrich AS, Brooks BD, Grainger DW. Cationic PAMAM dendrimers disrupt key platelet functions. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:1599-611. [PMID: 22497592 DOI: 10.1021/mp2006054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers have been proposed for a variety of biomedical applications and are increasingly studied as model nanomaterials for such use. The dendritic structure features both modular synthetic control of molecular size and shape and presentation of multiple equivalent terminal groups. These properties make PAMAM dendrimers highly functionalizable, versatile single-molecule nanoparticles with a high degree of consistency and low polydispersity. Recent nanotoxicological studies showed that intravenous administration of amine-terminated PAMAM dendrimers to mice was lethal, causing a disseminated intravascular coagulation-like condition. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying this coagulopathy, in vitro assessments of platelet functions in contact with PAMAM dendrimers were undertaken. This study demonstrates that cationic G7 PAMAM dendrimers activate platelets and dramatically alter their morphology. These changes to platelet morphology and activation state substantially altered platelet function, including increased aggregation and adherence to surfaces. Surprisingly, dendrimer exposure also attenuated platelet-dependent thrombin generation, indicating that not all platelet functions remained intact. These findings provide additional insight into PAMAM dendrimer effects on blood components and underscore the necessity for further research on the effects and mechanisms of PAMAM-specific and general nanoparticle toxicity in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton F Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Health Sciences, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5820, United States
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333
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Shao N, Gong X, Chen Q, Cheng Y. Fast Screening of Dendrimer-Binding Compounds by Diffusion NMR Techniques. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:5398-405. [DOI: 10.1021/jp302731u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naimin Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory
Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Gong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic
Resonance, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Qun Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic
Resonance, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory
Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic
Resonance, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
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334
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Kiparissides C, Kammona O. Nanoscale carriers for targeted delivery of drugs and therapeutic biomolecules. CAN J CHEM ENG 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.21685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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335
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Tongwen Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory
Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Magnetic
Resonance, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P.R.China
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336
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Abstract
Polymeric nanoparticles-based therapeutics show great promise in the treatment of a wide range of diseases, due to the flexibility in which their structures can be modified, with intricate definition over their compositions, structures and properties. Advances in polymerization chemistries and the application of reactive, efficient and orthogonal chemical modification reactions have enabled the engineering of multifunctional polymeric nanoparticles with precise control over the architectures of the individual polymer components, to direct their assembly and subsequent transformations into nanoparticles of selective overall shapes, sizes, internal morphologies, external surface charges and functionalizations. In addition, incorporation of certain functionalities can modulate the responsiveness of these nanostructures to specific stimuli through the use of remote activation. Furthermore, they can be equipped with smart components to allow their delivery beyond certain biological barriers, such as skin, mucus, blood, extracellular matrix, cellular and subcellular organelles. This tutorial review highlights the importance of well-defined chemistries, with detailed ties to specific biological hurdles and opportunities, in the design of nanostructures for various biomedical delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Elsabahy
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
- Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
- Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
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337
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Larson N, Ghandehari H. Polymeric conjugates for drug delivery. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2012; 24:840-853. [PMID: 22707853 PMCID: PMC3374380 DOI: 10.1021/cm2031569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The field of polymer therapeutics has evolved over the past decade and has resulted in the development of polymer-drug conjugates with a wide variety of architectures and chemical properties. Whereas traditional non-degradable polymeric carriers such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylamide) (HPMA) copolymers have been translated to use in the clinic, functionalized polymer-drug conjugates are increasingly being utilized to obtain biodegradable, stimuli-sensitive, and targeted systems in an attempt to further enhance localized drug delivery and ease of elimination. In addition, the study of conjugates bearing both therapeutic and diagnostic agents has resulted in multifunctional carriers with the potential to both "see and treat" patients. In this paper, the rational design of polymer-drug conjugates will be discussed followed by a review of different classes of conjugates currently under investigation. The design and chemistry used for the synthesis of various conjugates will be presented with additional comments on their potential applications and current developmental status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nate Larson
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84108, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84108, USA
| | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84108, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84108, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84108, USA
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338
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339
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Feliu N, Walter MV, Montañez MI, Kunzmann A, Hult A, Nyström A, Malkoch M, Fadeel B. Stability and biocompatibility of a library of polyester dendrimers in comparison to polyamidoamine dendrimers. Biomaterials 2012; 33:1970-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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340
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Zhang Q, Wang N, Xu T, Cheng Y. Poly(amidoamine) dendronized hollow fiber membranes: synthesis, characterization, and preliminary applications as drug delivery devices. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:1316-22. [PMID: 22154857 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrons were prepared from hollow fiber membranes (HFM) consisting of bromomethylated poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (BPPO) in a stepwise manner. The prepared HFM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The drug loading efficiency and release behavior of the PAMAM dendronized HFM were evaluated using sodium salicylate, sodium methotrexate, and Congo red as model drugs. The results suggest that PAMAM dendronized HFM can be effectively loaded with a variety of drugs and prolong the release of these drugs. The drug loading and release characteristics of the HFM depend on the generation of PAMAM dendrons grafted on the membranes. The prepared PAMAM dendronized BPPO HFM are promising scaffolds in drug delivery and tissue engineering.
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341
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Fang M, Zhang J, Wu Q, Xu T, Cheng Y. Host–Guest Chemistry of Dendrimer–Drug Complexes: 7. Formation of Stable Inclusions between Acetylated Dendrimers and Drugs Bearing Multiple Charges. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:3075-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jp211384p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory
of Soft Matter
Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,
Anhui, 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Jiahai Zhang
- Hefei
National Laboratory for
Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,
Anhui, 230027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinglin Wu
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Tongwen Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory
of Soft Matter
Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,
Anhui, 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, People’s
Republic of China
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Magnetic
Resonance, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, 200062, People’s Republic of China
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342
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Saatchi K, Soema P, Gelder N, Misri R, McPhee K, Baker JH, Reinsberg SA, Brooks DE, Häfeli UO. Hyperbranched Polyglycerols as Trimodal Imaging Agents: Design, Biocompatibility, and Tumor Uptake. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:372-81. [DOI: 10.1021/bc200280g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katayoun Saatchi
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ‡Department of Physics, and §Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter Soema
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ‡Department of Physics, and §Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nikolaus Gelder
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ‡Department of Physics, and §Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ripen Misri
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ‡Department of Physics, and §Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kelly McPhee
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ‡Department of Physics, and §Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jennifer H.E. Baker
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ‡Department of Physics, and §Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stefan A. Reinsberg
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ‡Department of Physics, and §Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
British Columbia, Canada
| | - Donald E. Brooks
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ‡Department of Physics, and §Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
British Columbia, Canada
| | - Urs O. Häfeli
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ‡Department of Physics, and §Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
British Columbia, Canada
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343
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Bitan-Cherbakovsky L, Libster D, Ottaviani MF, Aserin A, Garti N. Structural Behavior and Interactions of Dendrimer within Lyotropic Liquid Crystals, Monitored by EPR Spectroscopy and Rheology. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:2420-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp212008a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liron Bitan-Cherbakovsky
- The Ratner Chair of Chemistry,
Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra
Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Dima Libster
- The Ratner Chair of Chemistry,
Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra
Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Maria Francesca Ottaviani
- Department of Earth, Life and
Environment Sciences, University of Urbino, Località Crocicchia, Urbino 61029, Italy
| | - Abraham Aserin
- The Ratner Chair of Chemistry,
Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra
Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Nissim Garti
- The Ratner Chair of Chemistry,
Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra
Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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344
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Low-Level Detection of Poly(amidoamine) PAMAM Dendrimers Using Immunoimaging Scanning Probe Microscopy. Int J Anal Chem 2012; 2012:341260. [PMID: 22505915 PMCID: PMC3296299 DOI: 10.1155/2012/341260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoimaging scanning probe microscopy was utilized for the low-level detection and quantification of biotinylated G4 poly(amidoamine) PAMAM dendrimers. Results were compared to those of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and found to provide a vastly improved analytical method for the low-level detection of dendrimers, improving the limit of detection by a factor of 1000 (LOD = 2.5 × 10−13 moles). The biorecognition method is reproducible and shows high specificity and good accuracy. In addition, the capture assay platform shows a promising approach to patterning dendrimers for nanotechnology applications.
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345
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Galvin P, Thompson D, Ryan KB, McCarthy A, Moore AC, Burke CS, Dyson M, Maccraith BD, Gun'ko YK, Byrne MT, Volkov Y, Keely C, Keehan E, Howe M, Duffy C, MacLoughlin R. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery: case studies for cancer and cardiovascular applications. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:389-404. [PMID: 22015612 PMCID: PMC11115117 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0856-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) comprised of nanoengineered complexes are providing new opportunities for enabling targeted delivery of a range of therapeutics and combinations. A range of functionalities can be included within a nanoparticle complex, including surface chemistry that allows attachment of cell-specific ligands for targeted delivery, surface coatings to increase circulation times for enhanced bioavailability, specific materials on the surface or in the nanoparticle core that enable storage of a therapeutic cargo until the target site is reached, and materials sensitive to local or remote actuation cues that allow controlled delivery of therapeutics to the target cells. However, despite the potential benefits of NPs as smart drug delivery and diagnostic systems, much research is still required to evaluate potential toxicity issues related to the chemical properties of NP materials, as well as their size and shape. The need to validate each NP for safety and efficacy with each therapeutic compound or combination of therapeutics is an enormous challenge, which forces industry to focus mainly on those nanoparticle materials where data on safety and efficacy already exists, i.e., predominantly polymer NPs. However, the enhanced functionality affordable by inclusion of metallic materials as part of nanoengineered particles provides a wealth of new opportunity for innovation and new, more effective, and safer therapeutics for applications such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases, which require selective targeting of the therapeutic to maximize effectiveness while avoiding adverse effects on non-target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Galvin
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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346
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Gong YK, Winnik FM. Strategies in biomimetic surface engineering of nanoparticles for biomedical applications. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:360-8. [PMID: 22134705 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr11297j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) play an increasingly important role in biomedical sciences and in nanomedicine. Yet, in spite of significant advances, it remains difficult to construct drug-loaded NPs with precisely defined therapeutic effects, in terms of release time and spatial targeting. The body is a highly complex system that imposes multiple physiological and cellular barriers to foreign objects. Upon injection in the blood stream or following oral administation, NPs have to bypass numerous barriers prior to reaching their intended target. A particularly successful design strategy consists in masking the NP to the biological environment by covering it with an outer surface mimicking the composition and functionality of the cell's external membrane. This review describes this biomimetic approach. First, we outline key features of the composition and function of the cell membrane. Then, we present recent developments in the fabrication of molecules that mimic biomolecules present on the cell membrane, such as proteins, peptides, and carbohydrates. We present effective strategies to link such bioactive molecules to the NPs surface and we highlight the power of this approach by presenting some exciting examples of biomimetically engineered NPs useful for multimodal diagnostics and for target-specific drug/gene delivery applications. Finally, critical directions for future research and applications of biomimetic NPs are suggested to the readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-kuan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, PR China.
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347
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Capule CC, Brown C, Olsen JS, Dewhurst S, Yang J. Oligovalent amyloid-binding agents reduce SEVI-mediated enhancement of HIV-1 infection. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:905-8. [PMID: 22239120 PMCID: PMC3262105 DOI: 10.1021/ja210931b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper evaluates the use of oligovalent amyloid-binding molecules as potential agents that can reduce the enhancement of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection in cells by semen-derived enhancer of virus infection (SEVI) fibrils. These naturally occurring amyloid fibrils found in semen have been implicated as mediators that can facilitate the attachment and internalization of HIV-1 virions to immune cells. Molecules that are capable of reducing the role of SEVI in HIV-1 infection may, therefore, represent a novel strategy to reduce the rate of sexual transmission of HIV-1 in humans. Here, we evaluated a set of synthetic, oligovalent derivatives of benzothiazole aniline (BTA, a known amyloid-binding molecule) for their capability to bind cooperatively to aggregated amyloid peptides and to neutralize the effects of SEVI in HIV-1 infection. We demonstrate that these BTA derivatives exhibit a general trend of increased binding to aggregated amyloids as a function of increasing valence number of the oligomer. Importantly, we find that oligomers of BTA show improved capability to reduce SEVI-mediated infection of HIV-1 in cells compared to a BTA monomer, with the pentamer exhibiting a 65-fold improvement in efficacy compared to a previously reported monomeric BTA derivative. These results, thus, support the use of amyloid-targeting molecules as potential supplements for microbicides to curb the spread of HIV-1 through sexual contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina C. Capule
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358
| | - Caitlin Brown
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Joanna S. Olsen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Stephen Dewhurst
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Jerry Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358
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348
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Ciolkowski M, Halets I, Shcharbin D, Appelhans D, Voit B, Klajnert B, Bryszewska M. Impact of maltose modified poly(propylene imine) dendrimers on liver alcohol dehydrogenase (LADH) internal dynamics and structure. NEW J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2nj40406k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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349
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Ghobril C, Lamanna G, Kueny-Stotz M, Garofalo A, Billotey C, Felder-Flesch D. Dendrimers in nuclear medical imaging. NEW J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1nj20416e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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350
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Polikarpov N, Appelhans D, Welzel P, Kaufmann A, Dhanapal P, Bellmann C, Voit B. Tailoring uptake and release of ATP by dendritic glycopolymer/PNIPAAm hydrogel hybrids: first approaches towards multicompartment release systems. NEW J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1nj20455f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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