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Reina M, Martínez A. Silybin interacting with Cu 4 , Ag 4 and Au 4 clusters: Do these constitute antioxidant materials? COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Marzban M, Anjamshoa M, Jafari P, Masoumi H, Ahadi R, Fatehi D. Effects of gamma rays on rat testis tissue according to the morphological parameters and immunohistochemistry: radioprotective role of silymarin. Electron Physician 2017; 9:4524-4532. [PMID: 28848626 PMCID: PMC5557131 DOI: 10.19082/4524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the radioprotective effects of Silymarin in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats irradiated with γ-rays. METHODS The present experimental study was performed in Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran from December 2009 to March 2010. The study was performed on 40 rats, which were randomly and equally divided into four groups: 1) control group: neither received Silymarin nor irradiated with γ-rays; 2) γ-irradiation group: testis region exposed to 2Gy of γ-rays; 3) Silymarin & γ-irradiation: rats received 100 mg/kg of Silymarin 24hrs before exposure to 2Gy of γ-rays; 4) Silymarin & γ-irradiation: rats received 200 mg/kg of Silymarin 24hrs before exposure to 2Gy of γ-rays. After animal experiments and preparing the tissue sections, different histological and histomorphological parameters of seminiferous tubules and the biological characteristics of Leydig cells were evaluated applying quantitative assessment, Johnson scoring, and Leydig cell apoptosis assay by TUNEL method. The data were analyzed applying ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test, using SPSS software (V.19). RESULTS Irradiation of 2 Gy γ-rays to the testis of the rats significantly affected the frequency of spermatogonia, primary spermatocyte, round spermatid, spermatozoa, seminiferous tube and lumen diameters, thickness of the epithelium, Leydig cell nuclear diameter and volume, epithelium height, and apoptotic cells (p<0.05). However, administration of Silymarin improved the mentioned parameters specifically in 200 mg/kg of dosage. CONCLUSION Silymarin could act as a potent radioprotector and it can be used in modulation as well as improvement to radiation therapy to prevent male reproductive function, specifically seminiferous tubules in an animal model; however, its molecular mechanism is still not clear and needs more molecular researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Marzban
- Ph.D. Student of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Anjamshoa
- Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Parnia Jafari
- M.D., Researcher in Cellular Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hossien Masoumi
- Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Reza Ahadi
- Ph.D. of Neuroscience, Faculty of Paramedicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Daryoush Fatehi
- Ph.D., Associate Professor of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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303
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Amawi H, Ashby CR, Tiwari AK. Cancer chemoprevention through dietary flavonoids: what's limiting? CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2017. [PMID: 28629389 PMCID: PMC5477375 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-017-0217-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are polyphenols that are found in numerous edible plant species. Data obtained from preclinical and clinical studies suggest that specific flavonoids are chemo-preventive and cytotoxic against various cancers via a multitude of mechanisms. However, the clinical use of flavonoids is limited due to challenges associated with their effective use, including (1) the isolation and purification of flavonoids from their natural resources; (2) demonstration of the effects of flavonoids in reducing the risk of certain cancer, in tandem with the cost and time needed for epidemiological studies, and (3) numerous pharmacokinetic challenges (e.g., bioavailability, drug–drug interactions, and metabolic instability). Currently, numerous approaches are being used to surmount some of these challenges, thereby increasing the likelihood of flavonoids being used as chemo-preventive drugs in the clinic. In this review, we summarize the most important challenges and efforts that are being made to surmount these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen Amawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43560, USA
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11432, USA
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43560, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
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304
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Abdo SE, El-Kassas S, El-Nahas AF, Mahmoud S. Modulatory Effect of Monochromatic Blue Light on Heat Stress Response in Commercial Broilers. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1351945. [PMID: 28698764 PMCID: PMC5494062 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1351945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In a novel approach, monochromatic blue light was used to investigate its modulatory effect on heat stress biomarkers in two commercial broiler strains (Ross 308 and Cobb 500). At 21 days old, birds were divided into four groups including one group housed in white light, a second group exposed to blue light, a 3rd group exposed to white light + heat stress, and a 4th group exposed to blue light + heat stress. Heat treatment at 33°C lasted for five h for four successive days. Exposure to blue light during heat stress reduced MDA concentration and enhanced SOD and CAT enzyme activities as well as modulated their gene expression. Blue light also reduced the degenerative changes that occurred in the liver tissue as a result of heat stress. It regulated, though variably, liver HSP70, HSP90, HSF1, and HSF3 gene expression among Ross and Cobb chickens. Moreover, the Cobb strain showed better performance than Ross manifested by a significant reduction of rectal temperature in the case of H + B. Furthermore, a significant linear relationship was found between the lowered rectal temperature and the expression of all HSP genes. Generally, the performance of both strains by most assessed parameters under heat stress is improved when using blue light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa E. Abdo
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, Egypt
| | - Seham El-Kassas
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, Egypt
| | - Abeer F. El-Nahas
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Shawky Mahmoud
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, Egypt
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305
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Ayo JO, Makeri HK, Minka NS, Aluwong T. Circadian rhythms of biomarkers of oxidative stress and their characteristics in broiler chickens reared under natural light/dark cycle. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2017.1336880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Olusegun Ayo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Harold Kuta Makeri
- Division of Agricultural Colleges, Department of Animal Health and Husbandry, College of Agriculture and Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Mando-Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Ndazo Salka Minka
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Tagang Aluwong
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Roubalová L, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Biedermann D, Křen V, Ulrichová J, Vrba J. Flavonolignan 2,3-dehydrosilydianin activates Nrf2 and upregulates NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 in Hepa1c1c7 cells. Fitoterapia 2017; 119:115-120. [PMID: 28450126 PMCID: PMC5476199 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Silybum marianum (milk thistle) is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of various liver disorders. This study examined whether the main flavonolignans from S. marianum (i.e. silybin, silychristin, silydianin) and their 2,3-dehydro derivatives (i.e. 2,3-dehydrosilybin, 2,3-dehydrosilychristin, 2,3-dehydrosilydianin) activate the Nrf2 pathway, which regulates the expression of genes encoding many cytoprotective enzymes, including NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). After 48h of exposure, 2,3-dehydrosilydianin at concentrations of 25μM and higher significantly elevated the activity of NQO1 in murine hepatoma Hepa1c1c7 cells. In contrast, other tested compounds at non-cytotoxic concentrations had a mild or negligible effect on the NQO1 activity. Using a luciferase reporter assay, 2,3-dehydrosilydianin was found to significantly activate transcription via the antioxidant response element in stably transfected human AREc32 reporter cells. Moreover, 2,3-dehydrosilydianin caused the accumulation of Nrf2 and significantly induced the expression of the Nqo1 gene at both the mRNA and protein levels in Hepa1c1c7 cells. We found that 2,3-dehydrosilydianin also increased to some extent the expression of other Nrf2 target genes, namely of the heme oxygenase-1 gene (Hmox1) and the glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit gene (Gclm). We conclude that 2,3-dehydrosilydianin activates Nrf2 and induces Nrf2-mediated gene expression in Hepa1c1c7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Roubalová
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic; Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - David Biedermann
- Institute of Microbiology, Laboratory of Biotransformation, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology, Laboratory of Biotransformation, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Ulrichová
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic; Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Vrba
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic; Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic.
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307
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Onaolapo AY, Abdusalam SZ, Onaolapo OJ. Silymarin attenuates aspartame-induced variation in mouse behaviour, cerebrocortical morphology and oxidative stress markers. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2017; 24:51-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Shafiei-Roudbari SK, Malekinejad H, Janbaz-Aciabar H, Razi M. Crosstalk between E2F1 and P53 transcription factors in doxorubicin-induced DNA damage: evidence for preventive/protective effects of silymarin. J Pharm Pharmacol 2017; 69:1116-1124. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
To study the effects of silymarin in various forms of applications on the molecular mechanism(s) of doxorubicin-induced testicular toxicity in male rats.
Methods
Following DOX administration with or without SMN in male rats, sperm quality assays were conducted. Moreover, total antioxidant capacity and nitric oxide content of testis were determined. Expression profile of p53 and E2F1 was analysed by PCR technique. Ultimately, the rate of DNA fragmentation in the testes was quantitatively measured.
Key findings
P53 and E2F1 expression in DOX-received animals at mRNA level showed a revers profile of an up- and down-regulation, respectively. Administration of SMN in preventive and protective forms resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in DOX-induced sperm abnormalities, DNA fragmentation, nitric oxide concentration and a marked increase in total antioxidant power, rate of sperm motility and viability. SMN lowered the DOX-up-regulated expression of p53 at mRNA level.
Conclusions
DOX-induced testicular toxicity was characterized by lowering sperm quality values, induction of oxidative and nitrosative stress and DNA fragmentation. Preventive and protective effects of SMN on DOX-induced testicular toxicity may attribute to its antioxidant property. DOX-induced testicular damages and SMN preventive/protective effects might be mediated via up- and down-regulation of p53 and E2F1 transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hassan Malekinejad
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hamed Janbaz-Aciabar
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mazdak Razi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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309
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Evaluation of HepaRG cells for the assessment of indirect drug-induced hepatotoxicity using INH as a model substance. Hum Cell 2017; 30:267-278. [PMID: 28527127 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-017-0175-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
HepaRG cells are widely used as an in vitro model to assess drug-induced hepatotoxicity. However, only few studies exist so far regarding their suitability to detect the effects of drugs requiring a preceding activation via the cytochrome P450 (CYP) system. A prototypic substance is the anti-tuberculosis agent INH, which is metabolized into N-acetylhydrazine, which then triggers hepatotoxicity. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to test if this effect can also be detected in HepaRG cells and if it can be counteracted by the known hepatoprotectant silibinin. For this purpose, differentiated HepaRG cells were treated with increasing concentrations of INH (0.1-100 mM) or 10 mM INH plus escalating concentrations of silibinin (1-100 µM). After 48 h of treatment, cell morphology and parameters indicating cell vitality, oxidative stress, and liver cell function were assessed. High concentrations of INH led to severe histopathological changes, reduced cell vitality and glutathione content, increased LDH and ASAT release into the medium, enhanced lipid peroxidation, and elevated cleaved caspase-3 expression. Additionally, glycogen depletion and reduced biotransformation capacity were seen at high INH concentrations, whereas at low concentrations an induction of biotransformation enzymes was noticed. Silibinin caused clear-cut protective effects, but with few parameters INH toxicity was even aggravated, most probably due to increased metabolization of INH into its toxic metabolite. In conclusion, HepaRG cells are excellently suited to evaluate the effects of substances requiring prior toxification via the CYP system, such as INH. They additionally enable the identification of complex substance interactions.
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310
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Chen LG, Chang CW, Tsay JG, Weng BBC. Hepatoprotective effects of litchi ( Litchi chinensis) procyanidin A2 on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in ICR mice. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2839-2847. [PMID: 28587348 PMCID: PMC5450617 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug tolerance, lacking liver regenerative activity and inconclusive inhibition of steatosis and cirrhosis by silymarin treatment during chronic liver injury have increased the demand for novel alternative or synergistic treatments for liver damage. Litchi fruit is abundant in polyphenolic compounds and is used in traditional Chinese medicine for treatments that include the strengthening of hepatic and pancreatic functions. Unique polyphenolic compounds obtained from litchi pericarp extract (LPE) were studied in vitro and in vivo for hepatoprotection. Epicatechin (EC) and procyanidin A2 (PA2) of LPE were obtained by fractionated-extraction from pulverized litchi pericarps. All fractions, including LPE, were screened against silymarin in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-treated murine embryonic liver cell line (BNL). The effects of daily gavage-feeding of LPE, silymarin (200 mg/kg body weight) or H2O in CCl4-intoxicated male ICR mice were evaluated by studying serum chemicals, liver pathology and glutathione antioxidative enzymes. The effects of EC and PA2 on liver cell regenerative activity were investigated using a scratch wound healing assay and flow cytometric cell cycle analysis; the results of which demonstrated that LPE protected BNL from CCl4-intoxication. Gavage-feeding of LPE decreased serum glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase levels, and exhibited superior retention of the hexagonal structure of hepatocytes and reduced necrotic cells following liver histopathological examinations in CCl4-intoxicated ICR mice. Glutathione peroxidise and glutathione reductase activities were preserved as the normal control level in LPE groups. EC and PA2 were principle components of LPE. PA2 demonstrated liver cell regenerative activity in scratch wound healing assays and alcohol-induced liver cell injury in vitro. The present findings suggest that litchi pericarp polyphenolic extracts, including EC and PA2, may be a synergistic alternative to silymarin in hepatoprotection and liver cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lih-Geeng Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceutics, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Wei Chang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceutics, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jwu-Guh Tsay
- Department of Hospitality, College of Applied Life, Nan Jeon University of Science and Technology, Tainan 73746, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Brian Bor-Chun Weng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceutics, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan, R.O.C
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311
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Chang BY, Jung YS, Yoon CS, Oh JS, Hong JH, Kim YC, Kim SY. Fraxin Prevents Chemically Induced Hepatotoxicity by Reducing Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040587. [PMID: 28383514 PMCID: PMC6154468 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fraxin isolated from Acer tegmentosum is reported to exert potent anti-oxidative stress action. However, pharmacological activities of fraxin remain to be elucidated. This study investigated the potential hepatoprotective effects of fraxin and the underlying signaling mechanism involved. Treatment with fraxin significantly lowered the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in a CCl₄-induced hepatotoxicity rat model. In the fraxin-treated group, glutathione (GSH) significantly increased, while the malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver significantly decreased. Fraxin also showed radical-scavenging activity. Furthermore, it significantly reduced the t-BHP-induced cytotoxicity and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Hep G2. Fraxin protected Hep G2 cells through Nrf2 pathway-dependent HO-1 expression. The results of this study indicate that fraxin shows potent hepatoprotective effects in vitro and in vivo, presumably through direct antioxidant activity and the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant enzyme system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yoon Chang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
| | - Young Suk Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, San 30, Jangjeon-dong, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Chi-Su Yoon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
| | - Jun Seok Oh
- Dongbu Eastern Herbal Medicine Agricultural Association Corporation, Yeosunro 1679, Sunchun-si, Jeonnam 58019, Korea.
| | - Jae Heoi Hong
- Dongbu Eastern Herbal Medicine Agricultural Association Corporation, Yeosunro 1679, Sunchun-si, Jeonnam 58019, Korea.
| | - Youn-Chul Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
| | - Sung Yeon Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
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312
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Li Y, Ye Z, Lai W, Rao J, Huang W, Zhang X, Yao Z, Lou T. Activation of Sirtuin 3 by Silybin Attenuates Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cisplatin-induced Acute Kidney Injury. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:178. [PMID: 28424621 PMCID: PMC5380914 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Silybin is a secondary metabolite isolated from the seeds of blessed milk thistle (Silybum marianum) that has anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antifibrotic, and antitumor properties. Here, we showed that silybin protected against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) by improving mitochondrial function through the regulation of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) expression. Male SV129 and SIRT3 knockout (KO) mice were administered a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of cisplatin with or without treatment with silybin. Moreover, cultured HK2 cells were used to evaluate mitochondrial morphology and function. Our data suggested that silybin enhanced SIRT3 expression after cisplatin administration both in vivo and in vitro. Silybin treatment improved mitochondrial function and bioenergetics in wild-type, but not SIRT3-defective, cells and mice. Moreover, we demonstrated that silybin markedly attenuated cisplatin-induced AKI and tubular cell apoptosis and improved cell regeneration in a SIRT3-dependent manner. Collectively, these results suggest that silybin is a pharmacological activator of SIRT3 capable of protecting against cisplatin-induced tubular cell apoptosis and AKI by improving mitochondrial function. Thus, silybin could serve as a potential clinical renoprotective adjuvant treatment in cisplatin chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Zengchun Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Weiyan Lai
- Department of Nephrology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Jialing Rao
- Department of Nephrology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Wanbing Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Ziying Yao
- Department of Nephrology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Tanqi Lou
- Department of Nephrology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
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Chen CL, Chen JT, Liang CM, Tai MC, Lu DW, Chen YH. Silibinin treatment prevents endotoxin-induced uveitis in rats in vivo and in vitro. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174971. [PMID: 28376126 PMCID: PMC5380317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveitis, an intraocular inflammatory disease, occurs mostly in young people and can result in the loss of socioeconomic capabilities. Silibinin has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. The present study investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of silibinin pretreatment on endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) in rats and the mechanisms by which it exerts these effects. Uveitis was induced via injection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) into Lewis rats. Twenty-four hours after the LPS injection, histological examination showed that silibinin decreased inflammatory cell infiltration in the anterior segment of the eyes of LPS-treated rats. Analyses of the aqueous humor showed that silibinin decreased cell infiltration, protein concentration, nitric oxide (NO), and prostaglandin (PG)-E2 production. Western blot analysis indicated that silibinin decreased the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX-2), and phosphorylated IkB in the iris-ciliary body (ICB). Immunohistochemistry showed that silibinin decreased intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) expression in the ICB. In addition, western blot analysis showed that silibinin attenuated the expression of iNOS, COX-2, ICAM-1, and nuclear p65 in LPS-treated RAW cells. In conclusion, silibinin pretreatment prevents EIU and the subsequent production of proinflammatory mediators and ICAM-1, at least in part, by blocking the NF-κB–dependent signaling pathway both in vivo and in vitro. These effects may contribute to the silibinin-mediated preventive effects on intraocular inflammatory diseases such as acute uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Long Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Torng Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Min Liang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Tai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Da-Wen Lu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hao Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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314
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Ghobadi Pour M, Mirazi N, Alaei H, Moradkhani S, Rajaei Z, Monsef Esfahani A. Effects of lactulose and silymarin on liver enzymes in cirrhotic rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:522-529. [PMID: 28281782 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Silymarin, a mixture of antihepatotoxic flavonolignans used in the treatment of liver diseases, and lactulose, a nonabsorbable synthetic disaccharide, were investigated to analyze their probable synergic and healing effects in a hepatic cirrhotic rat model. Liver damage was induced by the administration and subsequent withdrawal of thioacetamide. The significant decrease in liver enzymes and malondialdehyde levels confirmed the curative effects of silymarin and lactulose. In the silymarin + lactulose group, liver enzyme and malondialdehyde levels were significantly reduced compared with those in the thioacetamide group. All treatments led to liver regeneration and triggered enhanced regeneration. Silymarin and lactulose alone or in combination have potent curative effects and reduce thioacetamide-induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Ghobadi Pour
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Shahid Mostafa Ahmadi Roshan Boulevard, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Naser Mirazi
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Shahid Mostafa Ahmadi Roshan Boulevard, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Hojjatollah Alaei
- b Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar-Jerib Avenue, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shirin Moradkhani
- c Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmideh Boulevard, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ziba Rajaei
- b Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar-Jerib Avenue, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Monsef Esfahani
- d Department of Pathology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmideh Boulevard, Hamadan, Iran
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315
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316
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Stolf AM, Cardoso CC, Acco A. Effects of Silymarin on Diabetes Mellitus Complications: A Review. Phytother Res 2017; 31:366-374. [PMID: 28124457 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder that is caused by a deficit in the production of (type 1) or response to (type 2) insulin. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by a state of chronic hyperglycemia and such symptoms as weight loss, thirst, polyuria, and blurred vision. These disturbances represent one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality nowadays, despite available treatments, such as insulin, insulin secretagogues, insulin sensitizers, and oral hypoglycemic agents. However, many efforts have been made to discover new drugs for diabetes treatment, including medicinal plant extracts. Silymarin is a powder extract of the seeds from Silybum marianum, a plant from the Asteraceae family. The major active ingredients include four isomers: silybin, isosilybin, silychristin, and silydianin. Silymarin is indicated for the treatment of hepatic disorders, such as cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, and gallstones. Moreover, several studies of other pathologies, including diabetes, sepsis, osteoporosis, arthritis, hypercholesterolemia, cancer, viral infections, and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, have tested the effects of silymarin and reported promising results. This article reviews data from clinical, in vivo, and in vitro studies on the use of silymarin, with a focus on the complications of diabetes, including nephropathy, neuropathy, healing delays, oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity, and cardiomyopathy. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Maria Stolf
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandra Acco
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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317
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Hossen MJ, Yang WS, Kim D, Aravinthan A, Kim JH, Cho JY. Thymoquinone: An IRAK1 inhibitor with in vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory activities. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42995. [PMID: 28216638 PMCID: PMC5316937 DOI: 10.1038/srep42995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ) is a bioactive component of black seed (Nigella sativa) volatile oil and has been shown to have anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. In the present study, we explored the molecular mechanisms that underlie the anti-inflammatory effect of TQ and its target proteins using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 and human monocyte-like U937 cells, together with LPS/D-galactosamine (GalN)-induced acute hepatitis and HCl/EtOH-induced gastritis mouse models. TQ strongly inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and repressed NO synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, cyclooxygenase (COX)−2, interleukin (IL)−6, and IL-1β expression in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. Treatment of LPS/D-GalN–induced hepatitis and EtOH/HCl–induced gastritis mouse models with TQ significantly ameliorated disease symptoms. Using luciferase reporter gene assays, we also showed that the nuclear levels of transcription factors and phosphorylation patterns of signaling proteins, activator protein (AP)−1, and nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathways were all affected by TQ treatment. Finally, we used additional kinase and luciferase validation assays with interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) to show that IRAK1 is directly suppressed by TQ treatment. Together, these findings strongly suggest that the anti-inflammatory actions of TQ are caused by suppression of IRAK-linked AP-1/NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jahangir Hossen
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,Department of Animal Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Woo Seok Yang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Daewon Kim
- Laboratory of Bio-informatics, Department of Multimedia Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Adithan Aravinthan
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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318
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Xiao P, Ji H, Ye Y, Zhang B, Chen Y, Tian J, Liu P, Chen L, Du Z. Dietary silymarin supplementation promotes growth performance and improves lipid metabolism and health status in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) fed diets with elevated lipid levels. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:245-263. [PMID: 27632016 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0283-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate whether silymarin supplementation influences growth, lipid metabolism, and health status in grass carp fed elevated dietary lipid levels. The juvenile fish (27.43 ± 0.17 g/tail) were fed six isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets in a factorial design containing 0, 100, or 200 mg kg-1 silymarin (SM0, SM100, SM200) associated with either 4 or 8 % lipid level (low lipid, LL, and high lipid, HL, respectively) for 82 days. The results showed that both dietary silymarin supplementation and high lipid level significantly enhanced growth performance (WG, SGR), protein efficiency ratio, and feed utilization. Silymarin supplementation significantly reduced the VSI, hepatic lipid content, and the total bilirubin concentration in the serum. The gallbladdersomatic index displayed higher in the SM100 groups than SM200 groups. Serum total cholesterol content exhibited lower in the SM100 groups than SM0 groups. Meanwhile, significant interactions were shown for hepatic gene expression of HSL and CPT1 by two factors, and SM100 group had higher hepatic gene expression of HSL and CPT1 in fish fed with the HL diets. The SM100 groups up-regulated hepatic gene expressions of HMGCR and CYP7A1 compared with the SM0 groups. Silymarin supplementation notably reduced the elevated serum MDA content induced by HL treatments. Thus, silymarin supplementation markedly promoted growth and protein efficiency, suppressed lipid accumulation, and improved health status in grass carp fed with high-lipid diets, which might be associated with its enhancement of lipolysis and β-oxidation, antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhen Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuantu Ye
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition of Jiangsu Province, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Soochow, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Baotong Zhang
- Open Lab for Aquatic Animal Nutrition, Beijing Research Institute for Nutritional Resources, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Pin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiao Chen
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Du
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
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319
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Amirsaadat S, Pilehvar-Soltanahmadi Y, Zarghami F, Alipour S, Ebrahimnezhad Z, Zarghami N. Silibinin-loaded magnetic nanoparticles inhibit hTERT gene expression and proliferation of lung cancer cells. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 45:1649-1656. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2016.1276922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumaye Amirsaadat
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Younes Pilehvar-Soltanahmadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faraz Zarghami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahriar Alipour
- Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz university of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Zohreh Ebrahimnezhad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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320
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Surai PF, Kochish II. Antioxidant Systems and Vitagenes in Poultry Biology: Heat Shock Proteins. HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-73377-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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321
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Reina M, Martínez A. How the presence of metal atoms and clusters can modify the properties of Silybin? A computational prediction. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2016.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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322
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Kosina P, Dokoupilová A, Janda K, Sládková K, Silberová P, Pivodová V, Ulrichová J. Effect of Silybum marianum fruit constituents on the health status of rabbits in repeated 42‐day fattening experiment. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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323
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A quantum-chemical study on the antioxidant properties of natural phenolic compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.15407/hftp07.04.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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324
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In vitro neuroprotective potential of lichen metabolite fumarprotocetraric acid via intracellular redox modulation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 316:83-94. [PMID: 28041784 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The lichen-forming fungi Cetraria islandica has been largely used in folk medicines, and it has recently showed promising in vitro antioxidant effects in glial-like cells. Current work aimed at investigating the neuroprotective potential of its major isolated secondary metabolite: the depsidone fumarprotocetraric acid (FUM). H2O2 was used herein to induce oxidative stress (OS)-mediated cytotoxicity in two models of neurons and astrocytes cells (SH-SY5Y and U373-MG cell lines). We found that a pre-treatment with FUM significantly enhanced cell viability compared to H2O2-treated cells, and we selected the optimal concentrations in each model (1 and 25μg/ml, respectively) for assessing its cytoprotective mechanisms. FUM, which exerted effective peroxyl radical scavenging effect in the chemical oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC) assay, alleviated the alterations in OS markers provoked by H2O2. It attenuated intracellular ROS formation, lipid peroxidation and GSH depletion. At mitochondrial level, FUM prevented from the dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential and the increase in mitochondrial calcium, implying a protective role against oxidative damage in mitochondrial membrane. Similarly, FUM pre-treatment diminished H2O2-induced apoptosis, as evidenced by the reduction in caspase-3 activity and expression; inmunoblot analysis also revealed a decrease in Bax and an increase in Bcl-2 proteins levels. Furthermore, FUM up-regulated the expression of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase-1, and hemeoxigenase-1. These findings and the activation of Nrf2 binding activity in nuclear extracts suggest a plausible involvement of Nrf2 signaling pathway in the cytoprotection by FUM. In conclusion, FUM emerges as a potential drug candidate in the therapy of OS-related diseases, such as the neurodegenerative disorders.
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325
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Zholobenko A, Mouithys-Mickalad A, Modriansky M, Serteyn D, Franck T. Polyphenols from Silybum marianum inhibit in vitro the oxidant response of equine neutrophils and myeloperoxidase activity. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2016; 39:592-601. [PMID: 27213823 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A recent study showed that silymarin, a standardized extract of S. marianum might be used in the prevention of equine laminitis. We investigated the effects of quercetin and some compounds found in silymarin (silybin, taxifolin and dehydrosilybin) on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and myeloperoxidase (MPO) release by stimulated equine neutrophils (PMNs) and on MPO activity. All compounds (tested between 100 nm and 100 μm) inhibited superoxide anion production by stimulated PMNs in a dose-dependent manner. Dehydrosilybin and quercetin inhibited superoxide production and MPO release from 10 μm. Classical MPO assay showed quercetin as the most potent inhibitor, followed by taxifolin, dehydrosilybin and silybin. SIEFED MPO assay highlighting the binding of tested compounds to MPO showed that only quercetin and taxifolin maintained an efficient inhibition above 90% at 10 μm. Altogether, our results showed a strong inhibition of PMN activation by planar compounds such as quercetin and dehydrosilybin and a strong inhibition of MPO activity by the smallest molecules, quercetin and taxifolin. In conclusion, the compounds from silymarin may be useful for modulating the oxidative response of PMNs, involved in the pathogenesis of laminitis, but further in vivo studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zholobenko
- Department of Medical Chemistry & Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - A Mouithys-Mickalad
- Centre for Oxygen, R&D (CORD), Institut de Chimie, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - M Modriansky
- Department of Medical Chemistry & Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - D Serteyn
- Centre for Oxygen, R&D (CORD), Institut de Chimie, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - T Franck
- Centre for Oxygen, R&D (CORD), Institut de Chimie, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium.
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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326
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Polachi N, Bai G, Li T, Chu Y, Wang X, Li S, Gu N, Wu J, Li W, Zhang Y, Zhou S, Sun H, Liu C. Modulatory effects of silibinin in various cell signaling pathways against liver disorders and cancer – A comprehensive review. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:577-595. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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327
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El-Far YM, Zakaria MM, Gabr MM, El Gayar AM, El-Sherbiny IM, Eissa LA. A newly developed silymarin nanoformulation as a potential antidiabetic agent in experimental diabetes. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:2581-602. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to develop a new stable nanoformulation of silymarin (SM) with optimum enhanced oral bioavailability and to evaluate its effect as well as mechanism of action as a superior antidiabetic agent over native SM using streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Materials and methods: SM-loaded pluronic nanomicelles (SMnp) were prepared and fully characterized. Biochemical parameters were performed as well as histological, confocal and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction studies on pancreatic target tissues. Results & conclusion: SMnp were found to improve significantly the antihyperglycemic, antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic properties as compared with native SM. In addition, SMnp was found to be a more efficient agent over SM in the management of diabetes and its associated complications due to its superior bioavailability in vivo, and the controlled release profile of SM. [Formula: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousra M El-Far
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516, Egypt
| | | | | | - Amal M El Gayar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M El-Sherbiny
- Center for Materials Science, University of Science & Technology, Zewail City of Science & Technology, 6th October City, 12588 Giza, Egypt
| | - Laila A Eissa
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516, Egypt
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328
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Plant-Derived Agents for Counteracting Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:4320374. [PMID: 27774117 PMCID: PMC5059613 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4320374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin (CSP) is a chemotherapeutic agent commonly used to treat a variety of malignancies. The major setback with CSP treatment is that its clinical efficacy is compromised by its induction of organ toxicity, particular to the kidneys and ears. Despite the significant strides that have been made in understanding the mechanisms underlying CSP-induced renal toxicity, advances in developing renoprotective strategies are still lacking. In addition, the renoprotective approaches described in the literature reveal partial amelioration of CSP-induced renal toxicity, stressing the need to develop potent combinatorial/synergistic agents for the mitigation of renal toxicity. However, the ideal renoprotective adjuvant should not interfere with the anticancer efficacy of CSP. In this review, we have discussed the progress made in utilizing plant-derived agents (phytochemicals) to combat CSP-induced nephrotoxicity in preclinical studies. Furthermore, we have also presented strategies to utilize phytochemicals as prototypes for the development of novel renoprotective agents for counteracting chemotherapy-induced renal damage.
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329
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Fehér P, Ujhelyi Z, Váradi J, Fenyvesi F, Róka E, Juhász B, Varga B, Bombicz M, Priksz D, Bácskay I, Vecsernyés M. Efficacy of Pre- and Post-Treatment by Topical Formulations Containing Dissolved and Suspended Silybum marianum against UVB-Induced Oxidative Stress in Guinea Pig and on HaCaT Keratinocytes. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101269. [PMID: 27669200 PMCID: PMC6273683 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants with high amounts of antioxidants may be a promising therapy for preventing and curing UV-induced oxidative skin damage. The objective of this study was to verify the efficacy of topical formulations containing dissolved and suspended Silybum marianum extract against UVB-induced oxidative stress in guinea pig and HaCaT keratinocytes. Herbal extract was dissolved in Transcutol HP (TC) and sucrose-esters were incorporated as penetration enhancers in creams. Biocompatibility of compositions was tested on HeLa cells and HaCaT keratinocytes as in vitro models. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) tests were performed to prove the safety of formulations in vivo. Drug release of different compositions was assessed by Franz diffusion methods. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) activities were evaluated before and after UVB irradiation in a guinea pig model and HaCaT cells. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) enzyme activity was measured in the epidermis of guinea pigs treated by different creams before and after UVB irradiation. Treatment with compositions containing silymarin powder (SM) dissolved in TC and sucrose stearate SP 50 or SP 70 resulted in increased activities of all reactive oxygen species (ROS) eliminating enzymes in the case of pre- and post-treatment as well. Reduction in the levels of lipid peroxidation end products was also detected after treatment with these two compositions. Post-treatment was more effective as the increase of the activity of antioxidants was higher. Lower HO-1 enzyme levels were measured in the case of pre- and post-treatment groups compared to control groups. Therefore, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of topical formulations containing silymarin in inhibiting UVB irradiation induced oxidative stress of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pálma Fehér
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán Ujhelyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Judit Váradi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Ferenc Fenyvesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Eszter Róka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Béla Juhász
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Balázs Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Mariann Bombicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Dániel Priksz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Ildikó Bácskay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Miklós Vecsernyés
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
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330
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Providing the plant extract silymarin to lactating sows: effects on litter performance and oxidative stress in sows. Animal 2016; 11:405-410. [PMID: 27620526 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731116001919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Silymarin is an extract from the plant milk thistle that was shown to have antioxidant and hyperprolactinemic properties. Taking into account the essential role of prolactin for lactating sows and the systemic oxidative stress occurring during lactation, it is of interest to investigate the potential beneficial effects of silymarin on lactating sows. A study was therefore carried out to determine the effects of providing either 1 or 8 g/day of the plant extract silymarin to lactating sows. Sows in first, second or third parity were fed conventional diets during gestation and, at farrowing, were assigned as controls (CTL, n=33), or were fed 1 g/day (SYL1, n=33) or 8 g/day (SYL8, n=33) of silymarin. The silymarin was provided in two equal amounts per day, and was fed throughout a 20-day lactation. The performance of sows and their litters was assessed and circulating concentrations of prolactin (days 7 and 18), urea (days 7 and 18) and oxidative status, via protein carbonyls and superoxide dismutase activity (day 18), were measured in sows. Milk samples were obtained on day 18 to measure standard composition. There was no effect of silymarin (P>0.10) on circulating prolactin or urea, or on oxidative damage to proteins or antioxidant potential in sows. Lactation feed intake, backfat and BW of sows were unaffected by treatment (P>0.10) as was the case for milk composition and piglet growth (P>0.10). Results demonstrate that providing up to 8 g/day of the plant extract silymarin to lactating sows had no beneficial effects in terms of circulating prolactin concentrations or oxidative status of sows, or in terms of performances of sows and their litters.
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331
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Sheweita SA, Al-Shora S, Hassan M. Effects of benzo[a]pyrene as an environmental pollutant and two natural antioxidants on biomarkers of reproductive dysfunction in male rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:17226-17235. [PMID: 27221463 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6934-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is an environmental toxicant and endocrine disruptor. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the toxicity of B[a]P in testis of rats and also to study the role of silymarin and thymoquinone (TQ) as natural antioxidants in the alleviation of such toxicity. Data of the present study showed that levels of testosterone, estrogen and progesterone were significantly decreased after treatment of rats with B[a]P. In addition, B[a]P caused downregulation of the expressions of steroidogenic enzymes including CYP17A1 and CP19A1, and decreased the activity of 17-β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD). Moreover, B[a]P decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes including catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and significantly increased free radicals levels in testis of male rats. However, pretreatment of rats with silymarin prior to administration of B[a]P was found to restore the level of free radicals, antioxidant status, and activities of steroidogenic enzymes to their normal levels in testicular tissues. Moreover, histopathological finding showed that silymarin recovered the abnormalities occurred in tubules caused by B[a] P in testis of rats. On the other hand, TQ showed pro-oxidant effects and did not ameliorate the toxic effects of B[a] P on the testicular tissue since it decreased antioxidant enzymes activities and inhibited the protein expression of CYP11A1 and CYP21A2 compared to control rats. Moreover, TQ decreased the levels of testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone either in the presence or absence of B[a]P. It is concluded that B[a]P decreased testosterone levels, inhibited antioxidant enzymes activities, caused downregulation of CYP isozymes involved in steroidogenesis, and increased free radical levels in testis. Moreover, silymarin was more effective than TQ in restoring organism health and alleviating the deleterious effects caused by B[a]P in the testis of rats. Due to its negative impact, it is highly recommended to limit the use of TQ as a dietary supplement since millions of people in the Middle East are using it to improve their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah A Sheweita
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies & Research, Alexandria University, 163 Horreya Ave., PO Box 832, EL-Chatby, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - S Al-Shora
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies & Research, Alexandria University, 163 Horreya Ave., PO Box 832, EL-Chatby, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - M Hassan
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies & Research, Alexandria University, 163 Horreya Ave., PO Box 832, EL-Chatby, Alexandria, Egypt
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332
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Kelany ME, Abdallah MA. Protective effects of combined β-caryophyllene and silymarin against ketoprofen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:739-44. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ketoprofen (Ket), widely utilized in treatment of many inflammatory disorders, is found to induce liver toxicity especially with overdose. This study aimed to evaluate the possible protective effects of concomitant β-caryophyllene (Cary) and silymarin (Sily) against Ket-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Forty adult male albino rats were divided into 5 groups (each n = 8): the control group received distilled water for 6 weeks; the Ket-treated group received distilled water for 5 weeks and Ket in a dose of 8 mg·kg−1·day−1 p.o. for the 6th week; the Cary + Ket treated group received Cary in a dose of 200 mg·kg−1·day−1 orally for 6 weeks and Ket for the 6th week; the Sily + Ket treated group received Sily in the dose of 150 mg·kg−1·day−1 for 6 weeks and Ket for the 6th week; and the Cary + Sily + Ket treated group received Sily and Cary for 6 weeks and Ket for the 6th week. At end of the experiment, serum ALT, AST, and albumin and liver total antioxidant capacity (t.TAC) and malondialdehyde (t.MDA) were measured in all rats. Ket increased serum ALT and AST and t.MDA and decreased t.TAC. Cary and Sily improved these changes. Combined Cary and Sily restored these liver changes to nearly normal. Combined Cary and Sily is hepatoprotective, with the ability to scavenge oxidants against Ket-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
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333
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Lal M, Gupta D. Studies on radiation sensitization efficacy by silymarin in colon carcinoma cells. Discoveries (Craiova) 2016; 4:e56. [PMID: 32309577 PMCID: PMC6941569 DOI: 10.15190/d.2016.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports demonstrated the role of silymarin as a cytoprotective agent for normal cells against ionizing or non-ionizing (UV) radiation, and in inhibiting the chemically initiated or promoted carcinogenesis in several malignancies, such as skin or prostate cancers. Silymarin is a plant flavonoid obtained from milk thistle; the main active principles in milk thistle are silybin (silibinin), sylichrisitin and silydianin, commonly referred as silymarin. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the radiation modulatory effects of silymarin on cancer cells. For this, we used the HCT-15 and RKO colon cancer cell lines as a model. Pre-irradiation treatment of cells with silymarin (20 mg/ml) followed by radiation exposure inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation and enhances cell death in a time-dependent manner. We have also examined the changes in p53 phosphorylation at Ser15, phosphorylation of p38 and their association with DNA damage. Silymarin was found to reduce proliferation of the human colon carcinoma cells in a concentration and time-dependent manner. Moreover, percentage of cell death was also increased in combined treatment (20µg/ml of silymarin + radiation). Our studies indicate that the combination increases the arrest of cells in G2/M phase of cell cycle, DNA damage-induced decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and a decrease of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, which are associated with an increase in cell death. Altogether, these results suggest that silymarin sensitizes colon cancer cells to radiation, strategy with potential for colon cancer treatment. Noteworthy, since silymarin was previously shown to confer protection against radiation in at least some types of normal tissues, additional studies are needed to further investigate the potential of silymarin in colon cancer therapy when combined with radiation, its potential protective effects on normal tissues and its mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitu Lal
- Division of Metabolic Cell Signaling and Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, DRDO, Brig SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Damodar Gupta
- Division of Metabolic Cell Signaling and Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, DRDO, Brig SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi, India
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334
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Surai P, Fisinin V. 25. Antioxidant system regulation: from vitamins to vitagenes. HANDBOOK OF CHOLESTEROL 2016. [DOI: 10.3920/978-90-8686-821-6_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P.F. Surai
- Feed-Food Ltd., 53 Dongola Road, KA7 3BN Ayr, UK
- Trakia University, Studentski Grad, Stara Zagora 6000, Bulgaria
- Szent Istvan University, Godollo 2103, Hungary
- Sumy National Agrarian University, Kirova Street 160, Sumy 40021, Ukraine
- Odessa National Academy of Food Technologies, Kanatna Street 112, Odessa 65000, Ukraine
| | - V.I. Fisinin
- All Russian Institute of Poultry Husbandry, Ptitzegradskaya Street 10, Sergiev Posad, Moscow region 141311, Russia
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335
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Surai PF, Fisinin VI, Karadas F. Antioxidant systems in chick embryo development. Part 1. Vitamin E, carotenoids and selenium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:1-11. [PMID: 29767100 PMCID: PMC5941026 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chick viability is known to be an important factor determining profitability of the poultry industry. Chick embryo tissues contain a high proportion of highly polyunsaturated fatty acids in the lipid fraction and therefore need antioxidant defence. The antioxidant system of the developing embryo and newly hatched chick includes the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase), water-soluble antioxidants (ascorbic acid, taurine, carnitine, glutathione, etc.), fat-soluble antioxidants (vitamin E, carotenoids, coenzyme Q) as well as selenium (Se). In fact, the high levels of endogenous antioxidants within the egg and embryonic tissues can clearly serve as a major adaptive mechanism for the protection of the tissue during the oxidative stress experienced at hatching. It has been shown that among different nutrients in the maternal diet which could significantly affect chick embryo development and their viability in the early posthatch life, natural antioxidants have been suggested to play a central role. Our data indicate that increased supplementation of the maternal diet can substantially increase concentrations of vitamin E, carotenoids (especially canthaxanthin) and Se in developing chick tissues and significantly decrease susceptibility to lipid peroxidation being effective nutritional tools to deal with various commercial stresses in poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F Surai
- Trakia University, Stara Zagora 6000, Bulgaria.,Szent Istvan University, Gödöllo H-2103, Hungary.,Sumy National Agrarian University, Sumy 40021, Ukraine.,Odessa National Academy of Food Technology, Odessa 65039, Ukraine.,Russian Academy of Science, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir I Fisinin
- Russian Academy of Science, Moscow 119991, Russia.,All-Russian Institute of Poultry Husbandry, Sergiev Posad 141311, Russia
| | - Filiz Karadas
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Yuzuncu Yil, Van 65080, Turkey
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336
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Massaro M, Cinà V, Labbozzetta M, Lazzara G, Lo Meo P, Poma P, Riela S, Noto R. Chemical and pharmaceutical evaluation of the relationship between triazole linkers and pore size on cyclodextrin–calixarene nanosponges used as carriers for natural drugs. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06143e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanosponges based nanocarriers with three different cavities were used to encapsulate and release bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Massaro
- Dipartimento STEBICEF
- Sez. Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Palermo
- 90128 Palermo
- Italy
| | - V. Cinà
- Dipartimento STEBICEF
- Sez. Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Palermo
- 90128 Palermo
- Italy
| | - M. Labbozzetta
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile “G. D'Alessandro”
- Area Funzionale di Farmacologia
- Università di Palermo
- 90127 Palermo
- Italy
| | - G. Lazzara
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Palermo
- 90128 Palermo
- Italy
| | - P. Lo Meo
- Dipartimento STEBICEF
- Sez. Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Palermo
- 90128 Palermo
- Italy
| | - P. Poma
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile “G. D'Alessandro”
- Area Funzionale di Farmacologia
- Università di Palermo
- 90127 Palermo
- Italy
| | - S. Riela
- Dipartimento STEBICEF
- Sez. Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Palermo
- 90128 Palermo
- Italy
| | - R. Noto
- Dipartimento STEBICEF
- Sez. Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Palermo
- 90128 Palermo
- Italy
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337
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338
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Kasangana PB, Haddad PS, Stevanovic T. Study of Polyphenol Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Myrianthus Arboreus (Cecropiaceae) Root Bark Extracts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2015; 4:410-26. [PMID: 26783713 PMCID: PMC4665471 DOI: 10.3390/antiox4020410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to evaluate the therapeutic potential of polyphenolic extracts from root bark of M. arboreus, we have determined the content of various polyphenols in aqueous and ethanol (EtOH) extract as well as two sub-fractions of the latter: ethyl acetate (EAc) and hexane (Hex). The total phenols, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids and proanthocyanidins have been determined for all studied extracts/fractions by spectrophotometric methods. Both TP content (331.5 ± 2.5 mg GAE/g) and HCA content (201 ± 1.5 mg CAE/g) were determined to be the highest in EAc fraction of EtOH extract. All studied extracts were however determined to have a low content in flavonoids. The determination of antioxidant capacities of the studied extracts has also been performed by the following in vitro antioxidant tests: DPPH scavenging, phosphomolybdenum method and oxygen radical absorbance (ORACFl and ORACPRG) assay. The results of the DPPH free radical and ORACFl assays showed that there is no significant difference between the EAc fraction and Oligopin(®), but the EAc fraction exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity as determined by the phosphomolybdenium method. In addition, the EtOH extract was determined to have the same antioxidant efficiency as the synthetic antioxidant BHT or commercial extract Oligopin(®) by phosphomolybdenum method. On the other hand, a positive correlation (r < 0.6) was found between different classes of polyphenols and the results of the phosphomolybdenum method, ORACFl as well as ORACPRG, except for the DPPH assay, for which a negative correlation was indicated (r < 0.62). Interestingly, it seems that the content in hydroxycinnamic acids played a big role in all assays with r < 0.9. According to the present study, EAc fraction and EtOH extract should be further studied for the potential use in the pharmaceutical and food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Betu Kasangana
- Sciences du Bois et de la Forêt, Faculté de Foresterie, de Géographie et de Géomantique, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Pharmacologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
- Institut sur la Nutrition et des Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Pierre Selim Haddad
- Pharmacologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
- Institut sur la Nutrition et des Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Tatjana Stevanovic
- Sciences du Bois et de la Forêt, Faculté de Foresterie, de Géographie et de Géomantique, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Institut sur la Nutrition et des Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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