351
|
Chen J, Yin W, Tu Y, Wang S, Yang X, Chen Q, Zhang X, Han Y, Pi R. L-F001, a novel multifunctional ROCK inhibitor, suppresses neuroinflammation in vitro and in vivo: Involvement of NF-κB inhibition and Nrf2 pathway activation. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 806:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
352
|
The anti-inflammatory effect of melatonin in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells exposed to sublethal dose of hydrogen peroxide. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 164:49-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
353
|
Stojić-Vukanić Z, Kotur-Stevuljević J, Nacka-Aleksić M, Kosec D, Vujnović I, Pilipović I, Dimitrijević M, Leposavić G. Sex Bias in Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Neuroinflammation: Relevance for Dimethyl Fumarate Immunomodulatory/Anti-oxidant Action. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:3755-3774. [PMID: 28534275 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0595-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, upon showing sexual dimorphism in dimethyl fumarate (DMF) efficacy to moderate the clinical severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Dark Agouti rats, cellular and molecular substrate of this dimorphism was explored. In rats of both sexes, DMF administration from the day of immunization attenuated EAE severity, but this effect was more prominent in males leading to loss of the sexual dimorphism observed in vehicle-administered controls. Consistently, in male rats, DMF was more efficient in diminishing the number of CD4+ T lymphocytes infiltrating spinal cord (SC) and their reactivation, the number of IL-17+ T lymphocytes and particularly cellularity of their highly pathogenic IFN-γ+GM-CSF+IL-17+ subset. This was linked with changes in SC CD11b+CD45+TCRαβ- microglia/proinflammatory monocyte progeny, substantiated in a more prominent increase in the frequency of anti-inflammatory phygocyting CD163+ cells and the cells expressing high surface levels of immunoregulatory CD83 molecule (associated with apoptotic cells phagocytosis and implicated in downregulation of CD4+ T lymphocyte reactivation) among CD11b+CD45+TCRαβ- cells in male rat SC. These changes were associated with greater increase in the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 expression in male rats administered with DMF. In accordance with the previous findings, DMF diminished reactive nitrogen and oxygen species generation and consistently, SC level of advanced oxidation protein products, to the greater extent in male rats. Overall, our study indicates sex-specificity in the sensitivity of DMF cellular and molecular targets and encourages sex-based clinical research to define significance of sex for action of therapeutic agents moderating autoimmune neuroinflammation-/oxidative stress-related nervous tissue damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zorica Stojić-Vukanić
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 450 Vojvode Stepe, Belgrade, 11221, Serbia
| | - Jelena Kotur-Stevuljević
- Department for Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 450 Vojvode Stepe, Belgrade, 11221, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Nacka-Aleksić
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 450 Vojvode Stepe, Belgrade, 11221, Serbia
| | - Duško Kosec
- Immunology Research Centre "Branislav Janković", Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", 458 Vojvode Stepe, Belgrade, 11221, Serbia
| | - Ivana Vujnović
- Immunology Research Centre "Branislav Janković", Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", 458 Vojvode Stepe, Belgrade, 11221, Serbia
| | - Ivan Pilipović
- Immunology Research Centre "Branislav Janković", Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", 458 Vojvode Stepe, Belgrade, 11221, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Dimitrijević
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
| | - Gordana Leposavić
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 450 Vojvode Stepe, Belgrade, 11221, Serbia.
| |
Collapse
|
354
|
Fan FY, Sang LX, Jiang M. Catechins and Their Therapeutic Benefits to Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Molecules 2017; 22:E484. [PMID: 28335502 PMCID: PMC6155401 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Catechins are natural polyphenolic phytochemicals that exist in food and medicinal plants, such as tea, legume and rubiaceae. An increasing number of studies have associated the intake of catechins-rich foods with the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in humans, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Some studies have demonstrated that catechins could significantly inhibit the excessive oxidative stress through direct or indirect antioxidant effects and promote the activation of the antioxidative substances such as glutathione peroxidases (GPO) and glutathione (GSH), reducing the oxidative damages to the colon. In addition, catechins can also regulate the infiltration and proliferation of immune related-cells, such as neutrophils, colonic epithelial cells, macrophages, and T lymphocytes, helping reduce the inflammatory relations and provide benefits to IBD. Perhaps catechins can further inhibit the deterioration of intestinal lesions through regulating the cell gap junctions. Furthermore, catechins can exert their significant anti-inflammatory properties by regulating the activation or deactivation of inflammation-related oxidative stress-related cell signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), signal transducer and the activator of transcription 1/3 (STAT1/3) pathways. Finally, catechins can also stabilize the structure of the gastrointestinal micro-ecological environment via promoting the proliferation of beneficial intestinal bacteria and regulating the balance of intestinal flora, so as to relieve the IBD. Furthermore, catechins may regulate the tight junctions (TJ) in the epithelium. This paper elaborates the currently known possible molecular mechanisms of catechins in favor of IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Yan Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Li-Xuan Sang
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
355
|
Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in Psychosis and Psychosis Risk. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030651. [PMID: 28304340 PMCID: PMC5372663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although our understanding of psychotic disorders has advanced substantially in the past few decades, very little has changed in the standard of care for these illnesses since the development of atypical anti-psychotics in the 1990s. Here, we integrate new insights into the pathophysiology with the increasing interest in early detection and prevention. First, we explore the role of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors in a subpopulation of cortical parvalbumin-containing interneurons (PVIs). Postmortem and preclinical data has implicated these neurons in the positive and negative symptoms, as well as the cognitive dysfunction present in schizophrenia. These neurons also appear to be sensitive to inflammation and oxidative stress during the perinatal and peripubertal periods, which may be mediated in large part by aberrant synaptic pruning. After exploring some of the molecular mechanisms through which neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are thought to exert their effects, we highlight the progress that has been made in identifying psychosis prior to onset through the identification of individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR). By combining our understanding of psychosis pathogenesis with the increasing characterization of endophenotypes that precede frank psychosis, it may be possible to identify patients before they present with psychosis and intervene to reduce the burden of the disease to both patients and families.
Collapse
|
356
|
A Fermented Whole Grain Prevents Lipopolysaccharides-Induced Dysfunction in Human Endothelial Progenitor Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1026268. [PMID: 28386305 PMCID: PMC5366772 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1026268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous and exogenous signals derived by the gut microbiota such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) orchestrate inflammatory responses contributing to development of the endothelial dysfunction associated with atherosclerosis in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), bone marrow derived stem cells, promote recovery of damaged endothelium playing a pivotal role in cardiovascular repair. Since healthy nutrition improves EPCs functions, we evaluated the effect of a fermented grain, Lisosan G (LG), on early EPCs exposed to LPS. The potential protective effect of LG against LPS-induced alterations was evaluated as cell viability, adhesiveness, ROS production, gene expression, and NF-kB signaling pathway activation. Our results showed that LPS treatment did not affect EPCs viability and adhesiveness but induced endothelial alterations via activation of NF-kB signaling. LG protects EPCs from inflammation as well as from LPS-induced oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress reducing ROS levels, downregulating proinflammatory and proapoptotic factors, and strengthening antioxidant defense. Moreover, LG pretreatment prevented NF-kB translocation from the cytoplasm into the nucleus caused by LPS exposure. In human EPCs, LPS increases ROS and upregulates proinflammatory tone, proapoptotic factors, and antioxidants. LG protects EPCs exposed to LPS reducing ROS, downregulating proinflammatory and proapoptotic factors, and strengthening antioxidant defenses possibly by inhibiting NF-κB nuclear translocation.
Collapse
|
357
|
Gundala NKV, Naidu VGM, Das UN. Arachidonic acid and lipoxin A4 attenuate alloxan-induced cytotoxicity to RIN5F cells in vitro and type 1 diabetes mellitus in vivo. Biofactors 2017; 43:251-271. [PMID: 27862450 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We studied whether polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can protect rat insulinoma (RIN5F) cells against alloxan-induced apoptosis in vitro and type 1 diabetes mellitus (type 1 DM) in vivo and if so, mechanism of this beneficial action. MATERIAL AND METHODS In vitro study was conducted using RIN5F cells while in vivo study was performed in Wistar rats. The effect of PUFAs, cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitors, various eicosanoids and PUFAs metabolites: lipoxin A4 (LXA4), resolvin D2 and protectin against alloxan-induced cytotoxicity to RIN5F cells and type 1 DM was studied. Expression of PDX1, P65 NF-kB and IKB in RIN5F cells and Nrf2, GLUT2, COX2, iNOS protein levels in the pancreatic tissue and plasma glucose, insulin and tumor necrosis factor-α and antioxidants, lipid peroxides and nitric oxide were measured. RESULTS Of all, arachidonic acid (AA) was found to be the most effective against alloxan-induced cytotoxicity to RIN5F cells and preventing type 1 DM. Both cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitors did not block the beneficial actions of AA in vitro and in vivo. Alloxan inhibited LXA4 production by RIN5F cells and in alloxan-induced type 1 DM Wistar rats. AA-treatment restored LXA4 levels to normal both in vitro and in vivo. LXA4 protected RIN5F cells against alloxan-induced cytotoxicity and prevented type 1 DM and restored expression of Nrf2, Glut2, COX2, and iNOS genes and abnormal antioxidants to near normal. DISCUSSION AA seems to bring about its beneficial actions against alloxan-induced cytotoxicity and type 1 DM by enhancing the production of LXA4. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(2):251-271, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naveen K V Gundala
- Department of Medicine, BioScience Research Centre, Gayatri Vidya Parishad Hospital, GVP College of Engineering Campus, Visakhapatnam, 530048, India
| | - Vegi G M Naidu
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Undurti N Das
- Department of Medicine, BioScience Research Centre, Gayatri Vidya Parishad Hospital, GVP College of Engineering Campus, Visakhapatnam, 530048, India
- UND Life Sciences, 2020 S 360th St, # K-202, Federal Way, WA, 98003, USA
| |
Collapse
|
358
|
Sharapov MG, Novoselov VI, Fesenko EE, Bruskov VI, Gudkov SV. The role of peroxiredoxin 6 in neutralization of X-ray mediated oxidative stress: effects on gene expression, preservation of radiosensitive tissues and postradiation survival of animals. Free Radic Res 2017; 51:148-166. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1289377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. G. Sharapov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - V. I. Novoselov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - E. E. Fesenko
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - V. I. Bruskov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - S. V. Gudkov
- A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
359
|
Interplay between HSP90 and Nrf2 pathways in diabetes-associated atherosclerosis. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2017; 29:51-59. [PMID: 28188022 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oxidative stress and inflammation are determinant processes in the development of diabetic vascular complications. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) overexpression in atherosclerotic plaques plays a role in sustaining inflammatory mechanisms, and its specific inhibition prevents atherosclerosis. The present work investigates, in a mouse model of diabetes-driven atherosclerosis, whether atheroprotection by pharmacological HSP90 inhibition is accomplished by bolstering antioxidant defense mechanisms headed by nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2). METHODS Streptozotocin-induced diabetic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice were randomized to receive vehicle or HSP90 inhibitor (17-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin, 4mg/kg) for 10 weeks. Aortic root sections were analyzed for plaque size and composition, transcription factor activity, and expression of inflammatory and antioxidant markers. In vitro studies were performed in murine macrophages cultured under hyperglycemic conditions. RESULTS Treatment with HSP90 inhibitor promoted the activation of Nrf2 in the aortic tissue of diabetic mice (predominantly localized in macrophages and smooth muscle cells) and also in cultured cells. Nrf2 induction was associated with a concomitant inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in atherosclerotic plaques, thus resulting in a significant reduction in lesion size and inflammatory component (leukocytes and cytokines). Furthermore, atheroprotection by HSP90 inhibition was linked to the induction of cytoprotective HSP70, antioxidant enzymes (heme oxygenase-1, superoxide dismutase and catalase) and autophagy machinery (LC3 and p62/SQSTM1) in aortic tissue. CONCLUSION HSP90 inhibition protects from atherosclerosis in experimental diabetes through the induction of Nrf2-dependent cytoprotective mechanisms, reinforcing its therapeutic potential.
Collapse
|
360
|
Wogonin reversed resistant human myelogenous leukemia cells via inhibiting Nrf2 signaling by Stat3/NF-κB inactivation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39950. [PMID: 28150717 PMCID: PMC5288730 DOI: 10.1038/srep39950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Constitutive NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2, NFE2L2) activation has been recently reported to play a pivotal role in enhancing cell survival and resistance to anticancer drugs in many tumors. Wogonin had strong reversal potency via reduction of Nrf2 mRNA in Adriamycin (ADR)-induced resistant human chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) K562/A02, but the mechanism of reduction of Nrf2 mRNA was still unclear. In this study, we aimed to delineate the mechanism by which Wogonin suppressed transcription of Nrf2 in resistant CML cells and further evaluate the reversal effects of Wogonin on the established animal models. Data indicated that Wogonin suppressed transcription of Nrf2 by NF-κB inactivation. Wogonin inhibited the binding of p65 to Nrf2 by suppression of the κB-binding activity. Further research revealed the κB2 site was responsible for the decreased Nrf2 by Wogonin in resistant K562 cells. Furthermore, reduction of pY705-Stat3 was involved in inhibition of the binding of p65 to Nrf2 by Wogonin. In vivo, Wogonin potentiated the inhibitory effect of ADR on leukemia development by suppressing pY705-Stat3 and Nrf2 signaling. In summary, these results demonstrated Wogonin could combat chemoresistance effectively through inhibiting Nrf2 via Stat3/NF-κB signaling, and supported that Wogonin can be developed into an efficient natural sensitizer for resistant human myelogenous leukemia.
Collapse
|
361
|
Methylglyoxal-Glyoxalase 1 Balance: The Root of Vascular Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010188. [PMID: 28106778 PMCID: PMC5297820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly reactive dicarbonyl methylglyoxal (MGO) is mainly formed as byproduct of glycolysis. Therefore, high blood glucose levels determine increased MGO accumulation. Nonetheless, MGO levels are also increased as consequence of the ineffective action of its main detoxification pathway, the glyoxalase system, of which glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) is the rate-limiting enzyme. Indeed, a physiological decrease of Glo1 transcription and activity occurs not only in chronic hyperglycaemia but also with ageing, during which MGO accumulation occurs. MGO and its advanced glycated end products (AGEs) are associated with age-related diseases including diabetes, vascular dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Endothelial dysfunction is the first step in the initiation, progression and clinical outcome of vascular complications, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, impaired wound healing and macroangiopathy. Because of these considerations, studies have been centered on understanding the molecular basis of endothelial dysfunction in diabetes, unveiling a central role of MGO-Glo1 imbalance in the onset of vascular complications. This review focuses on the current understanding of MGO accumulation and Glo1 activity in diabetes, and their contribution on the impairment of endothelial function leading to diabetes-associated vascular damage.
Collapse
|
362
|
Liu D, Wang Y, Ma S, Sun H, Shi W, Feng X. Individual and combined use of ginsenoside F2 and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside attenuates H2O2-induced apoptosis in HEK-293 cells via the NF-κB pathway. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04689h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside F2 and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside synergistically inhibited H2O2-induced apoptosis in HEK-293 cells through mitochondria-mediated apoptotic and NF-κB pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology
- Jilin Medical University
- Jilin 132013
- China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130062
- China
| | - Shuang Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130062
- China
| | - Hongyu Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Biology
- Jilin Medical University
- Jilin 132013
- China
| | - Wenyan Shi
- Department of Pathogenic Biology
- Jilin Medical University
- Jilin 132013
- China
| | - Xianmin Feng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology
- Jilin Medical University
- Jilin 132013
- China
| |
Collapse
|
363
|
Szoltysek K, Walaszczyk A, Janus P, Kimmel M, Widlak P. Irradiation with UV-C inhibits TNF-α-dependent activation of the NF-κB pathway in a mechanism potentially mediated by reactive oxygen species. Genes Cells 2016; 22:45-58. [PMID: 27976481 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pathways depending on the NF-κB transcription factor are essential components of cellular response to stress. Plethora of stimuli modulating NF-κB includes inflammatory signals, ultraviolet radiation (UV) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), yet interference between different factors affecting NF-κB remains relatively understudied. Here, we aim to characterize the influence of UV radiation on TNF-α-induced activity of the NF-κB pathway. We document inhibition of TNF-α-induced activation of NF-κB and subsequent suppression of NF-κB-regulated genes in cells exposed to UV-C several hours before TNF-α stimulation. Accumulation of ROS and subsequent activation of NRF2, p53, AP-1 and NF-κB-dependent pathways, with downstream activation of antioxidant mechanisms (e.g., SOD2 and HMOX1 expression), is observed in the UV-treated cells. Moreover, NF-κB inhibition is not observed if generation of UV-induced ROS is suppressed by chemical antioxidants. It is noteworthy that stimulation with TNF-α also generates a wave of ROS, which is suppressed in cells pre-treated by UV. We postulate that irradiation with UV-C activates antioxidant mechanisms, which in turn affect ROS-mediated activation of NF-κB by TNF-α. Considering a potential cross talk between p53 and NF-κB, we additionally compare observed effects in p53-proficient and p53-deficient cells and find the UV-mediated suppression of TNF-α-activated NF-κB in both types of cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Szoltysek
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Anna Walaszczyk
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Patryk Janus
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, Gliwice, Poland.,Systems Engineering Group, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marek Kimmel
- Systems Engineering Group, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, Gliwice, Poland.,Departments of Statistics and Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Piotr Widlak
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, Gliwice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
364
|
Li W, Guo Y, Zhang C, Wu R, Yang AY, Gaspar J, Kong ANT. Dietary Phytochemicals and Cancer Chemoprevention: A Perspective on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Epigenetics. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:2071-2095. [PMID: 27989132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress occurs when cellular reactive oxygen species levels exceed the self-antioxidant capacity of the body. Oxidative stress induces many pathological changes, including inflammation and cancer. Chronic inflammation is believed to be strongly associated with the major stages of carcinogenesis. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway plays a crucial role in regulating oxidative stress and inflammation by manipulating key antioxidant and detoxification enzyme genes via the antioxidant response element. Many dietary phytochemicals with cancer chemopreventive properties, such as polyphenols, isothiocyanates, and triterpenoids, exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions by activating the Nrf2 pathway. Furthermore, epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications, and miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional alterations, also lead to various carcinogenesis processes by suppressing cancer repressor gene transcription. Using epigenetic research tools, including next-generation sequencing technologies, many dietary phytochemicals are shown to modify and reverse aberrant epigenetic/epigenome changes, potentially leading to cancer prevention/treatment. Thus, the beneficial effects of dietary phytochemicals on cancer development warrant further investigation to provide additional impetus for clinical translational studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Li
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, ‡Department of Pharmaceutics, §Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Yue Guo
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, ‡Department of Pharmaceutics, §Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Chengyue Zhang
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, ‡Department of Pharmaceutics, §Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Renyi Wu
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, ‡Department of Pharmaceutics, §Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Anne Yuqing Yang
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, ‡Department of Pharmaceutics, §Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - John Gaspar
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, ‡Department of Pharmaceutics, §Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Ah-Ng Tony Kong
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, ‡Department of Pharmaceutics, §Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| |
Collapse
|
365
|
Ahmed SMU, Luo L, Namani A, Wang XJ, Tang X. Nrf2 signaling pathway: Pivotal roles in inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1863:585-597. [PMID: 27825853 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1163] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is the most common feature of many chronic diseases and complications, while playing critical roles in carcinogenesis. Several studies have demonstrated that Nrf2 contributes to the anti-inflammatory process by orchestrating the recruitment of inflammatory cells and regulating gene expression through the antioxidant response element (ARE). The Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein)/Nrf2 (NF-E2 p45-related factor 2)/ARE signaling pathway mainly regulates anti-inflammatory gene expression and inhibits the progression of inflammation. Therefore, the identification of new Nrf2-dependent anti-inflammatory phytochemicals has become a key point in drug discovery. In this review, we discuss the members of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signal pathway and its downstream genes, the effects of this pathway on animal models of inflammatory diseases, and crosstalk with the NF-κB pathway. In addition we also discuss about the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome by Nrf2. Besides this, we summarize the current scenario of the development of anti-inflammatory phytochemicals and others that mediate the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Minhaj Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Lin Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Akhileshwar Namani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xiu Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xiuwen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
366
|
Bendavit G, Aboulkassim T, Hilmi K, Shah S, Batist G. Nrf2 Transcription Factor Can Directly Regulate mTOR: LINKING CYTOPROTECTIVE GENE EXPRESSION TO A MAJOR METABOLIC REGULATOR THAT GENERATES REDOX ACTIVITY. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:25476-25488. [PMID: 27784786 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.760249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nrf2 is a master transcription factor that regulates a wide variety of cellular proteins by recognizing and binding to antioxidant response elements (AREs) in their gene promoter regions. In this study we show that increasing cellular Nrf2 results in transcriptional activation of the gene for mTOR, which is central to the PI3K signaling pathway. This is the case in cells with normal physiological PI3K. However, in cells with abnormally active PI3K increased cellular Nrf2 levels have no effect on mTOR. ChIP assays results show that increased Nrf2 binding is associated with decreased p65 binding and H3-K27me3 signal (marker of gene repression) as well as increased H3-K4me3 signal (marker of gene activation). However, in cells with PI3K activation, no effect of cellular Nrf2 increase on mTOR transcription was observed. In these cells, increasing Nrf2 levels increases Nrf2 promoter binding marginally, whereas p65 binding and H3-K27me3 mark were significantly increased, and H3-K4me3 signal is reduced. Together, these data show for the first time that Nrf2 directly regulates mTOR transcription when the PI3K pathway is intact, whereas this function is lost when PI3K is activated. We have identified a link between the Nrf2 system of sensing environmental stress and mTOR, which is a key cellular protein in metabolism. Studies in cells with activating mutations in the PI3K pathway suggest that Nrf2 transcriptional regulation of mTOR is related to promoter binding of p65 and of methylation of histone residues permissive of transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Bendavit
- From the Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Tahar Aboulkassim
- From the Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Khalid Hilmi
- From the Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Sujay Shah
- From the Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Gerald Batist
- From the Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
367
|
Corbi G, Conti V, Davinelli S, Scapagnini G, Filippelli A, Ferrara N. Dietary Phytochemicals in Neuroimmunoaging: A New Therapeutic Possibility for Humans? Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:364. [PMID: 27790141 PMCID: PMC5062465 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several efforts have been made in the search for genetic and epigenetic patterns linked to diseases, a comprehensive explanation of the mechanisms underlying pathological phenotypic plasticity is still far from being clarified. Oxidative stress and inflammation are two of the major triggers of the epigenetic alterations occurring in chronic pathologies, such as neurodegenerative diseases. In fact, over the last decade, remarkable progress has been made to realize that chronic, low-grade inflammation is one of the major risk factor underlying brain aging. Accumulated data strongly suggest that phytochemicals from fruits, vegetables, herbs, and spices may exert relevant immunomodulatory and/or anti-inflammatory activities in the context of brain aging. Starting by the evidence that a common denominator of aging and chronic degenerative diseases is represented by inflammation, and that several dietary phytochemicals are able to potentially interfere with and regulate the normal function of cells, in particular neuronal components, aim of this review is to summarize recent studies on neuroinflammaging processes and proofs indicating that specific phytochemicals may act as positive modulators of neuroinflammatory events. In addition, critical pathways involved in mediating phytochemicals effects on neuroinflammaging were discussed, exploring the real impact of these compounds in preserving brain health before the onset of symptoms leading to inflammatory neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graziamaria Corbi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise Campobasso, Italy
| | - Valeria Conti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno Salerno, Italy
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise Campobasso, Italy
| | - Amelia Filippelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno Salerno, Italy
| | - Nicola Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of NaplesNaples, Italy; Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of TeleseTelese Terme, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
368
|
MacDowell KS, Caso JR, Martín-Hernández D, Moreno BM, Madrigal JLM, Micó JA, Leza JC, García-Bueno B. The Atypical Antipsychotic Paliperidone Regulates Endogenous Antioxidant/Anti-Inflammatory Pathways in Rat Models of Acute and Chronic Restraint Stress. Neurotherapeutics 2016; 13:833-843. [PMID: 27233514 PMCID: PMC5081131 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-016-0438-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the innate inflammatory response may underlie the pathophysiology of psychiatric diseases. Current antipsychotics modulate pro-/anti-inflammatory pathways, but their specific actions on these pathways remain only partly explored. This study was conducted to elucidate the regulatory role of paliperidone (1 mg/kg i.p.) on acute (6 h) and chronic (6 h/day for 21 consecutive days) restraint stress-induced alterations in 2 emerging endogenous anti-inflammatory/antioxidant mechanisms: nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (NRF2)/antioxidant enzymes pathway, and the cytokine milieu regulating M1/M2 polarization in microglia, analyzed at the mRNA and protein levels in prefrontal cortex samples. In acute stress conditions, paliperidone enhanced NRF2 levels, possibly related to phosphoinositide 3-kinase upregulation and reduced kelch-Like ECH-associated protein 1 expression. In chronic conditions, paliperidone tended to normalize NRF2 levels through a phosphoinositide 3-kinase related-mechanism, with no effects on kelch-Like ECH-associated protein 1. Antioxidant response element-dependent antioxidant enzymes were upregulated by paliperidone in acute stress, while in chronic stress, paliperidone tended to prevent stress-induced downregulation of the endogenous antioxidant machinery. However, paliperidone increased transforming growth factor-β and interleukin-10 in favor of an M2 microglia profile in acute stress conditions, which was also corroborated by paliperidone-induced increased levels of the M2 cellular markers arginase I and folate receptor 2. This latter effect was also produced in chronic conditions. Immunofluorescence studies suggested an increase in the number of microglial cells expressing arginase I and folate receptor 2 in the stressed animals pretreated with paliperidone. In conclusion, the enhancement of endogenous antioxidant/anti-inflammatory pathways by current and new antipsychotics could represent an interesting therapeutic strategy for the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina S MacDowell
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre and Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier R Caso
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre and Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica UCM, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Martín-Hernández
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre and Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz M Moreno
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre and Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - José L M Madrigal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre and Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Micó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan C Leza
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre and Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja García-Bueno
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre and Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica UCM, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
369
|
Sita G, Hrelia P, Tarozzi A, Morroni F. Isothiocyanates Are Promising Compounds against Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Cell Death that May Benefit Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091454. [PMID: 27598127 PMCID: PMC5037733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is recognized as the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and is characterized by a slow and progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Despite intensive research, the mechanisms involved in neuronal loss are not completely understood yet; however, misfolded proteins, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity and inflammation play a pivotal role in the progression of the pathology. Neuroinflammation may have a greater function in PD pathogenesis than initially believed, taking part in the cascade of events that leads to neuronal death. To date, no efficient therapy, able to arrest or slow down PD, is available. In this context, the need to find novel strategies to counteract neurodegenerative progression by influencing diseases’ pathogenesis is becoming increasingly clear. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) have already shown interesting properties in detoxification, inflammation, apoptosis and cell cycle regulation through the induction of phase I and phase II enzyme systems. Moreover, ITCs may be able to modulate several key points in oxidative and inflammatory evolution. In view of these considerations, the aim of the present review is to describe ITCs as pleiotropic compounds capable of preventing and modulating the evolution of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Sita
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Hrelia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Andrea Tarozzi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto, 237, 47900 Rimini, Italy.
| | - Fabiana Morroni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
370
|
Yu Y, He J, Li S, Song L, Guo X, Yao W, Zou D, Gao X, Liu Y, Bai F, Ren G, Li D. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) inhibits macrophage-mediated inflammation by activating Nrf2 and suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 38:144-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
371
|
Dai C, Li B, Zhou Y, Li D, Zhang S, Li H, Xiao X, Tang S. Curcumin attenuates quinocetone induced apoptosis and inflammation via the opposite modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-kB pathway in human hepatocyte L02 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 95:52-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
372
|
Hyperglycemia Aggravates Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion Injury by Inducing Chronic Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:3919627. [PMID: 27656261 PMCID: PMC5021880 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3919627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aim. To investigate whether hyperglycemia will aggravate hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (HIRI) and the underlying mechanisms. Methods. Control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to partial hepatic ischemia reperfusion. Liver histology, transferase, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress were assessed accordingly. Similarly, BRL-3A hepatocytes were subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) after high (25 mM) or low (5.5 mM) glucose culture. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and activation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells (NF-κB) were determined. Results. Compared with control, diabetic rats presented more severe hepatic injury and increased hepatic inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. HIRI in diabetic rats could be ameliorated by pretreatment of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) or apocynin. Excessive ROS generation and consequent Nrf2 and NF-κB translocation were determined after high glucose exposure. NF-κB translocation and its downstream cytokines were further increased in high glucose cultured group after H/R. While proper regulation of Nrf2 to its downstream antioxidases was observed in low glucose cultured group, no further induction of Nrf2 pathway by H/R after high glucose culture was identified. Conclusion. Hyperglycemia aggravates HIRI, which might be attributed to chronic oxidative stress and inflammation and potential malfunction of antioxidative system.
Collapse
|
373
|
Lee H, Kim SW, Lee HK, Luo L, Kim ID, Lee JK. Upregulation of Nrf2–p300 mediates anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin in microglia by downregulating p65–p300. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2016.1223169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
374
|
Grottelli S, Ferrari I, Pietrini G, Peirce MJ, Minelli A, Bellezza I. The Role of Cyclo(His-Pro) in Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1332. [PMID: 27529240 PMCID: PMC5000729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases may have distinct genetic etiologies and pathological manifestations, yet share common cellular mechanisms underpinning neuronal damage and dysfunction. These cellular mechanisms include excitotoxicity, calcium dysregulation, oxidative damage, ER stress and neuroinflammation. Recent data have identified a dual role in these events for glial cells, such as microglia and astrocytes, which are able both to induce and to protect against damage induced by diverse stresses. Cyclo(His-Pro), a cyclic dipeptide derived from the hydrolytic removal of the amino-terminal pyroglutamic acid residue of the hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone, may be important in regulating the nature of the glial cell contribution. Cyclo(His-Pro) is ubiquitous in the central nervous system and is a key substrate of organic cation transporters, which are strongly linked to neuroprotection. The cyclic dipeptide can also cross the brain-blood-barrier and, once in the brain, can affect diverse inflammatory and stress responses by modifying the Nrf2-NF-κB signaling axis. For these reasons, cyclo(His-Pro) has striking potential for therapeutic application by both parenteral and oral administration routes and may represent an important new tool in counteracting neuroinflammation-based degenerative pathologies. In this review, we discuss the chemistry and biology of cyclo(His-Pro), how it may interact with the biological mechanisms driving neurodegenerative disease, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and thereby act to preserve or restore neuronal function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Grottelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Perugia, Polo Unico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Piazzale Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano ed Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy.
| | - Grazia Pietrini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano ed Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy.
| | - Matthew J Peirce
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Perugia, Polo Unico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Piazzale Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Alba Minelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Perugia, Polo Unico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Piazzale Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Bellezza
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Perugia, Polo Unico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Piazzale Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
375
|
Aromatic malononitriles stimulate the resistance of insulin-producing beta-cells to oxidants and inflammatory cytokines. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 784:69-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
376
|
Yamauchi K, Nakano Y, Imai T, Takagi T, Tsuruma K, Shimazawa M, Iwama T, Hara H. A novel nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activator RS9 attenuates brain injury after ischemia reperfusion in mice. Neuroscience 2016; 333:302-10. [PMID: 27474227 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recanalization of occluded vessels leads to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), with oxidative stress as one of the main causes of injury, despite the fact that recanalization therapy is the most effective treatment for ischemic stroke. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is one of the transcription factors which has an essential role in protection against oxidative stress. RS9 is a novel Nrf2 activator obtained from bardoxolone methyl (BARD), an Nrf2 activator that has already been tested in a clinical trial, using a biotransformation technique. RS9 has been reported to lead to higher Nrf2 activation and less cytotoxicity than BARD. In this study, we investigated the effects of RS9 on IRI. Mice were intraperitoneally treated immediately after 2h of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with a vehicle solution or 0.2mg/kg of RS9. Post-onset treatment of RS9 attenuated the infarct volume and improved neurological deficits 22h after reperfusion. RS9 activated Nrf2 2 and 6h after reperfusion and activated heme oxygenase-1 at 6 and 22h after reperfusion. RS9 also attenuated the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 2 and 6h after reperfusion. Finally, RS9 improved the survival rate and neurological deficits 7days after MCAO. Our results suggest that the activation of Nrf2 by RS9 has a neuroprotective effect, mediated by attenuating both oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and that RS9 is an effective therapeutic candidate for the treatment of IRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keita Yamauchi
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Nakano
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan.
| | - Takahiko Imai
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan.
| | - Toshinori Takagi
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Tsuruma
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan.
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan.
| | - Toru Iwama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
377
|
Qin S, Hou DX. Multiple regulations of Keap1/Nrf2 system by dietary phytochemicals. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1731-55. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201501017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Si Qin
- Core Research Program 1515, Key Laboratory for Food Science and Biotechnology of Hunan Province; College of Food Science and Technology; Hunan Agricultural University; Changsha China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients; Hunan Agricultural University; Changsha China
| | - De-Xing Hou
- Core Research Program 1515, Key Laboratory for Food Science and Biotechnology of Hunan Province; College of Food Science and Technology; Hunan Agricultural University; Changsha China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients; Hunan Agricultural University; Changsha China
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences; Faculty of Agriculture; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
| |
Collapse
|
378
|
Chigusa Y, Kishore AH, Mogami H, Word RA. Nrf2 Activation Inhibits Effects of Thrombin in Human Amnion Cells and Thrombin-Induced Preterm Birth in Mice. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:2612-21. [PMID: 27050800 PMCID: PMC6287450 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Nrf2 is a key transcription factor that modulates cell defense mechanisms against endogenous and exogenous stress. Previously, we reported that thrombin increased matrix metalloproteinases and prostaglandin synthesis in human amnion mesenchymal cells. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether activation of Nrf2 alters the effect of thrombin on prostaglandin synthesis, protease activation, and cytokine release in human amnion. Furthermore, we analyzed the effect of Nrf2 activation on thrombin-induced preterm labor in mice. DESIGN Primary human amnion mesenchymal cells and pregnant mice were employed to investigate the effect of Nrf2 on thrombin-induced inflammation and preterm birth. SETTING This was a laboratory-based study using cells and mice. RESULTS As expected, thrombin increased cyclooxygenase-2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 in amnion mesenchymal cells. Preincubation with Nrf2 activators, diethyl maleate or 15-deoxy-Δ12, 14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), profoundly repressed thrombin-induced gene expression. In addition, Nrf2 activation inhibited thrombin-induced cyclooxygenase-2 protein levels and secretion of prostaglandin E2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the media. Whereas vehicle and 15d-PGJ2 did not alter gestational length, all pregnant mice treated with thrombin delivered preterm. 15d-PGJ2 delayed thrombin-induced preterm birth significantly. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that Nrf2 activation represents a key stress response in amnion mesenchyme cells and in pregnant mice to mitigate the adverse proinflammatory effects of thrombin on the fetal membranes. We suggest, therefore, that pharmacological activation of Nrf2 may prevent the increased risk of preterm premature rupture of the membranes associated with thrombin activation that accompanies subchorionic hemorrhage or bleeding during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitsugu Chigusa
- The Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9032
| | - Annavarapu Hari Kishore
- The Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9032
| | - Haruta Mogami
- The Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9032
| | - Ruth Ann Word
- The Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9032
| |
Collapse
|
379
|
Tessier SN, Storey KB. Lessons from mammalian hibernators: molecular insights into striated muscle plasticity and remodeling. Biomol Concepts 2016; 7:69-92. [DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2015-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractStriated muscle shows an amazing ability to adapt its structural apparatus based on contractile activity, loading conditions, fuel supply, or environmental factors. Studies with mammalian hibernators have identified a variety of molecular pathways which are strategically regulated and allow animals to endure multiple stresses associated with the hibernating season. Of particular interest is the observation that hibernators show little skeletal muscle atrophy despite the profound metabolic rate depression and mechanical unloading that they experience during long weeks of torpor. Additionally, the cardiac muscle of hibernators must adjust to low temperature and reduced perfusion, while the strength of contraction increases in order to pump cold, viscous blood. Consequently, hibernators hold a wealth of knowledge as it pertains to understanding the natural capacity of myocytes to alter structural, contractile and metabolic properties in response to environmental stimuli. The present review outlines the molecular and biochemical mechanisms which play a role in muscular atrophy, hypertrophy, and remodeling. In this capacity, four main networks are highlighted: (1) antioxidant defenses, (2) the regulation of structural, contractile and metabolic proteins, (3) ubiquitin proteosomal machinery, and (4) macroautophagy pathways. Subsequently, we discuss the role of transcription factors nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), Myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2), and Forkhead box (FOXO) and their associated posttranslational modifications as it pertains to regulating each of these networks. Finally, we propose that comparing and contrasting these concepts to data collected from model organisms able to withstand dramatic changes in muscular function without injury will allow researchers to delineate physiological versus pathological responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon N. Tessier
- 1Department of Surgery and Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Kenneth B. Storey
- 2Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa K1S 5B6, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
380
|
Hellweg CE, Spitta LF, Henschenmacher B, Diegeler S, Baumstark-Khan C. Transcription Factors in the Cellular Response to Charged Particle Exposure. Front Oncol 2016; 6:61. [PMID: 27047795 PMCID: PMC4800317 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Charged particles, such as carbon ions, bear the promise of a more effective cancer therapy. In human spaceflight, exposure to charged particles represents an important risk factor for chronic and late effects such as cancer. Biological effects elicited by charged particle exposure depend on their characteristics, e.g., on linear energy transfer (LET). For diverse outcomes (cell death, mutation, transformation, and cell-cycle arrest), an LET dependency of the effect size was observed. These outcomes result from activation of a complex network of signaling pathways in the DNA damage response, which result in cell-protective (DNA repair and cell-cycle arrest) or cell-destructive (cell death) reactions. Triggering of these pathways converges among others in the activation of transcription factors, such as p53, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), activated protein 1 (AP-1), nuclear erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB). Depending on dose, radiation quality, and tissue, p53 induces apoptosis or cell-cycle arrest. In low LET radiation therapy, p53 mutations are often associated with therapy resistance, while the outcome of carbon ion therapy seems to be independent of the tumor's p53 status. NF-κB is a central transcription factor in the immune system and exhibits pro-survival effects. Both p53 and NF-κB are activated after ionizing radiation exposure in an ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-dependent manner. The NF-κB activation was shown to strongly depend on charged particles' LET, with a maximal activation in the LET range of 90-300 keV/μm. AP-1 controls proliferation, senescence, differentiation, and apoptosis. Nrf2 can induce cellular antioxidant defense systems, CREB might also be involved in survival responses. The extent of activation of these transcription factors by charged particles and their interaction in the cellular radiation response greatly influences the destiny of the irradiated and also neighboring cells in the bystander effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine E. Hellweg
- Cellular Biodiagnostics, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Luis F. Spitta
- Cellular Biodiagnostics, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernd Henschenmacher
- Cellular Biodiagnostics, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Diegeler
- Cellular Biodiagnostics, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Christa Baumstark-Khan
- Cellular Biodiagnostics, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
381
|
Tian Y, Liu Q, He X, Yuan X, Chen Y, Chu Q, Wu K. Emerging roles of Nrf2 signal in non-small cell lung cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:14. [PMID: 26922479 PMCID: PMC4769825 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) causes considerable mortality in the world. Owing to molecular biological progress, treatments in adenocarcinoma have evolved revolutionarily while those in squamous lung cancer remain unsatisfied. Recent studies revealed high-frequency alteration of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-like factor 2 (Keap1/Nrf2) pathway within squamous lung cancer, attracting researchers to focus on this particular pathway. In NSCLC patients, deregulated Nrf2 signal is recognized as a common feature at both DNA and protein level. Emerging associations between Nrf2 and other pathways have been elucidated. MicroRNA was also implicated in the regulation of Nrf2. Agents activating or antagonizing Nrf2 showed an effect in preclinical researches, reflecting different effects of Nrf2 during tumor initiation and progression. Prognostic evaluation demonstrated a negative impact of Nrf2 signal on NSCLC patients’ survival. Considering the importance of Nrf2 signal in NSCLC, further studies are required in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Tian
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Building 303, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Building 303, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelian He
- Clinical Research Center, Wuhan Medical and Healthcare Center for Women and Children, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Building 303, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Building 303, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Building 303, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Building 303, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
382
|
Liddell JR, Lehtonen S, Duncan C, Keksa-Goldsteine V, Levonen AL, Goldsteins G, Malm T, White AR, Koistinaho J, Kanninen KM. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate activates the Nrf2 pathway in astrocytes. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:49. [PMID: 26920699 PMCID: PMC4768425 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0515-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endogenous defense against oxidative stress is controlled by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). The normal compensatory mechanisms to combat oxidative stress appear to be insufficient to protect against the prolonged exposure to reactive oxygen species during disease. Counterbalancing the effects of oxidative stress by up-regulation of Nrf2 signaling has been shown to be effective in various disease models where oxidative stress is implicated, including Alzheimer’s disease. Stimulation of Nrf2 signaling by small-molecule activators is an appealing strategy to up-regulate the endogenous defense mechanisms of cells. Methods Here, we investigate Nrf2 induction by the metal chelator and known nuclear factor-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) in cultured astrocytes and neurons, and mouse brain. Nrf2 induction is further examined in cultures co-treated with PDTC and kinase inhibitors or amyloid-beta, and in Nrf2-deficient cultures. Results We show that PDTC is a potent inducer of Nrf2 signaling specifically in astrocytes and demonstrate the critical role of Nrf2 in PDTC-mediated protection against oxidative stress. This induction appears to be regulated by both Keap1 and glycogen synthase kinase 3β. Furthermore, the presence of amyloid-beta magnifies PDTC-mediated induction of endogenous protective mechanisms, therefore suggesting that PDTC may be an effective Nrf2 inducer in the context of Alzheimer’s disease. Finally, we show that PDTC increases brain copper content and glial expression of heme oxygenase-1, and decreases lipid peroxidation in vivo, promoting a more antioxidative environment. Conclusions PDTC activates Nrf2 and its antioxidative targets in astrocytes but not neurons. These effects may contribute to the neuroprotection observed for PDTC in models of Alzheimer’s disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0515-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Liddell
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. .,Mental Health Research Institute of Victoria, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Sarka Lehtonen
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Clare Duncan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. .,Mental Health Research Institute of Victoria, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Velta Keksa-Goldsteine
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Anna-Liisa Levonen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Gundars Goldsteins
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Tarja Malm
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Anthony R White
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. .,Mental Health Research Institute of Victoria, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Katja M Kanninen
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
383
|
Hardingham GE, Do KQ. Linking early-life NMDAR hypofunction and oxidative stress in schizophrenia pathogenesis. Nat Rev Neurosci 2016; 17:125-34. [PMID: 26763624 DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2015.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecular, genetic and pathological evidence suggests that deficits in GABAergic parvalbumin-positive interneurons contribute to schizophrenia pathophysiology through alterations in the brain's excitation-inhibition balance that result in impaired behaviour and cognition. Although the factors that trigger these deficits are diverse, there is increasing evidence that they converge on a common pathological hub that involves NMDA receptor hypofunction and oxidative stress. These factors have been separately linked to schizophrenia pathogenesis, but evidence now suggests that they are mechanistically interdependent and contribute to a common schizophrenia-associated pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giles E Hardingham
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Kim Q Do
- Department of Psychiatry, Center of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, CH-1008, Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
384
|
Poulose SM, Bielinski DF, Carey A, Schauss AG, Shukitt-Hale B. Modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy and expression of Nrf2 in hippocampus and frontal cortex of rats fed with açaí-enriched diets. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 20:305-315. [PMID: 26750735 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2015.1125654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Açaí (Euterpe spp.), an exotic palm fruit, has recently emerged as a promising source of natural antioxidants with wide pharmacological and nutritional value. In this study, two different species of açaí pulp extracts, naturally grown in two distinct regions of the Amazon, namely, Euterpe oleracea Mart. (habitat: Brazilian floodplains of the Amazon) and Euterpe precatoria Mart. (habitat: Bolivian Amazon), were studied for their effects on brain health and cognition. METHODS Neurochemical analyses were performed in critical brain regions associated with memory and cognition of 19-month-old açaí-fed rats, in whom the cognitive benefits of açaí had been established. RESULTS Results indicated significant reductions (P< 0.05) in prooxidant NADPH-oxidoreductase-2 (NOX2) and proinflammatory transcription factor NF-κB in açaí-fed rats. Measurement of Nrf2 expression, a transcription factor for antioxidant enzymes, and a possible link between oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and autophagy mechanisms, indicated significant overexpression (P<0.005) in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of the açaí-fed rats. Furthermore, significant activation of endogenous antioxidant enzymes GST and SOD were also observed in the açaí-fed animals when compared to control. Analysis of autophagy markers such as p62, phospho-mTOR, beclin1 and MAP1B-LC3 revealed differential expression in frontal cortex and hippocampus, mostly indicating an upregulation in the açaí-fed rats. DISCUSSION In general, results were more profound for EP than EO in hippocampus as well as frontal cortex. Therefore, an açaí-enriched diet could possibly modulate Nrf2, which is known to modulate the intracellular redox status, thereby regulating the ubiquitin-proteosomal pathway, ultimately affecting cognitive function in the aging brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shibu M Poulose
- a USDA-ARS, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University , Boston , MA 02111 , USA
| | - Donna F Bielinski
- a USDA-ARS, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University , Boston , MA 02111 , USA
| | - Amanda Carey
- a USDA-ARS, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University , Boston , MA 02111 , USA.,b Department of Psychology , Simmons College , 300 The Fenway, Boston , MA , USA
| | - Alexander G Schauss
- c Natural and Medicinal Products Research , AIBMR Life Sciences , Puyallup , WA , USA
| | - Barbara Shukitt-Hale
- a USDA-ARS, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University , Boston , MA 02111 , USA
| |
Collapse
|
385
|
GC-Rich DNA Fragments and Oxidized Cell-Free DNA Have Different Effects on NF-kB and NRF2 Signaling in MSC. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 924:109-112. [PMID: 27753029 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42044-8_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It has been established that cell-free DNA circulating in the bloodstream affects cells. The characteristics of cfDNA depend on the physiological state of the organism. As we showed previously, diseases can cause either GC-enrichment of the cell-free DNA pool or its oxidation. Thus, in cases of cerebral atherosclerosis, heart attack and rheumatic arthritis the cell-free DNA pool is GC-enriched and, in the case of cancer, both GC-enriched and oxidized. Herein we investigated the time-dependent effect of oxidized and GC-rich cell-free DNA on NF-kB and NRF2 signaling pathways in human mesenchymal stem cells and showed that they affect cells in different ways. Oxidized DNA drastically increases expression of NRF2 in a short period of time, but the effect does not last long. GC-rich DNA causes a prolonged increase in mRNA levels of NF-kB and NRF2 which lasts 48 and 24 h, respectively.
Collapse
|
386
|
Román-Pintos LM, Villegas-Rivera G, Rodríguez-Carrizalez AD, Miranda-Díaz AG, Cardona-Muñoz EG. Diabetic Polyneuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Mitochondrial Function. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:3425617. [PMID: 28058263 PMCID: PMC5183791 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3425617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is defined as peripheral nerve dysfunction. There are three main alterations involved in the pathologic changes of DPN: inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Inflammation induces activation of nuclear factor kappa B, activator protein 1, and mitogen-activated protein kinases. Oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia is mediated by several identified pathways: polyol, hexosamine, protein kinase C, advanced glycosylation end-products, and glycolysis. In addition, mitochondrial dysfunction accounts for most of the production of reactive oxygen and nitrosative species. These free radicals cause lipid peroxidation, protein modification, and nucleic acid damage, to finally induce axonal degeneration and segmental demyelination. The prevalence of DPN ranges from 2.4% to 78.8% worldwide, depending on the diagnostic method and the population assessed (hospital-based or outpatients). Risk factors include age, male gender, duration of diabetes, uncontrolled glycaemia, height, overweight and obesity, and insulin treatment. Several diagnostic methods have been developed, and composite scores combined with nerve conduction studies are the most reliable to identify early DPN. Treatment should be directed to improve etiologic factors besides reducing symptoms; several approaches have been evaluated to reduce neuropathic impairments and improve nerve conduction, such as oral antidiabetics, statins, and antioxidants (alpha-lipoic acid, ubiquinone, and flavonoids).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Miguel Román-Pintos
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud-Enfermedad, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
| | - Geannyne Villegas-Rivera
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud-Enfermedad, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
- Unidad de Investigación Médica, Instituto de Investigación Clínica de Occidente, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
| | - Adolfo Daniel Rodríguez-Carrizalez
- Instituto de Terapéutica Experimental y Clínica, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Guillermina Miranda-Díaz
- Instituto de Terapéutica Experimental y Clínica, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
- *Alejandra Guillermina Miranda-Díaz:
| | - Ernesto Germán Cardona-Muñoz
- Instituto de Terapéutica Experimental y Clínica, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
387
|
Nunes C, Teixeira N, Serra D, Freitas V, Almeida L, Laranjinha J. Red wine polyphenol extract efficiently protects intestinal epithelial cells from inflammation via opposite modulation of JAK/STAT and Nrf2 pathways. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:53-65. [PMID: 30090326 PMCID: PMC6061778 DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00214a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of therapeutic approaches combining efficacy and safety represents an important goal in intestinal inflammation research. Recently, evidence has supported dietary polyphenols as useful tools in the treatment and prevention of chronic inflammatory diseases, but the mechanisms of action are still poorly understood. We here reveal molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory action of a non-alcoholic polyphenol red wine extract (RWE), operating at complementary levels via the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) and Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) pathways. RWE significantly reduced the nuclear levels of phosphorylated STAT1 and also the cellular levels of phosphorylated JAK1 induced by cytokines, suppressing the JAK/STAT inflammatory signalling cascade. In turn, RWE increased the Nrf2 nuclear level, activating the Nrf2 pathway, leading not only to an up-regulation of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression but also to an increase of the glutamate-cysteine ligase subunit catalytic (GCLc) gene expression, enhancing the GSH synthesis, thereby counteracting GSH depletion that occurs under inflammatory conditions. Overall, data indicate that the anti-inflammatory action of RWE is exerted at complementary levels, via suppression of the JAK/STAT inflammatory pathway and positive modulation of the activity of Nrf2. These results point to the potential use of the RWE as an efficient, readily available and inexpensive therapeutic strategy in the context of gastrointestinal inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Nunes
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Coimbra , Health Sciences Campus , Azinhaga de Santa Comba , 3000-548 Coimbra , Portugal .
| | - Natércia Teixeira
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Sciences , University of Porto , Portugal
| | - Diana Serra
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Coimbra , Health Sciences Campus , Azinhaga de Santa Comba , 3000-548 Coimbra , Portugal .
| | - Víctor Freitas
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Sciences , University of Porto , Portugal
| | - Leonor Almeida
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Coimbra , Health Sciences Campus , Azinhaga de Santa Comba , 3000-548 Coimbra , Portugal .
| | - João Laranjinha
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Coimbra , Health Sciences Campus , Azinhaga de Santa Comba , 3000-548 Coimbra , Portugal .
| |
Collapse
|
388
|
Weijer R, Broekgaarden M, van Golen RF, Bulle E, Nieuwenhuis E, Jongejan A, Moerland PD, van Kampen AHC, van Gulik TM, Heger M. Low-power photodynamic therapy induces survival signaling in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma cells. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:1014. [PMID: 26705830 PMCID: PMC4691291 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1994-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of solid cancers comprises the administration of a photosensitizer followed by illumination of the photosensitizer-replete tumor with laser light. This induces a state of local oxidative stress, culminating in the destruction of tumor tissue and microvasculature and induction of an anti-tumor immune response. However, some tumor types, including perihilar cholangiocarcinoma, are relatively refractory to PDT, which may be attributable to the activation of survival pathways in tumor cells following PDT (i.e., activator protein 1 (AP-1)-, nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells (NF-κB)-, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α)-, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NFE2L2)-, and unfolded protein response-mediated pathways). Methods To assess the activation of survival pathways after PDT, human perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (SK-ChA-1) cells were subjected to PDT with zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPC)-encapsulating liposomes. Following 30-minute incubation with liposomes, the cells were either left untreated or treated at low (50 mW) or high (500 mW) laser power (cumulative light dose of 15 J/cm2). Cells were harvested 90 min post-PDT and whole genome expression analysis was performed using Illumina HumanHT-12 v4 expression beadchips. The data were interpreted in the context of the survival pathways. In addition, the safety of ZnPC-encapsulating liposomes was tested both in vitro and in vivo. Results PDT-treated SK-ChA-1 cells exhibited activation of the hypoxia-induced stress response via HIF-1α and initiation of the pro-inflammatory response via NF-кB. PDT at low laser power in particular caused extensive survival signaling, as evidenced by the significant upregulation of HIF-1- (P < 0.001) and NF-кB-related (P < 0.001) genes. Low-power PDT was less lethal to SK-ChA-1 cells 90 min post-PDT, confirmed by annexin V/propidium iodide staining. In vitro toxicogenomics and toxicological testing in chicken embryos and mice revealed that the ZnPC-encapsulating liposomes are non-toxic. Conclusions PDT-treated perihilar cholangiocarcinoma cells exhibit extensive survival signaling that may translate to a suboptimal therapeutic response and possibly tumor recurrence. These findings encourage the development of photosensitizer delivery systems with co-encapsulated inhibitors of survival pathways. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1994-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruud Weijer
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Mans Broekgaarden
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Rowan F van Golen
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Esther Bulle
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Esther Nieuwenhuis
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Aldo Jongejan
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Perry D Moerland
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Antoine H C van Kampen
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Thomas M van Gulik
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Michal Heger
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
389
|
Chemical Characterization, Free Radical Scavenging, and Cellular Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of a Stilbenoid-Rich Root Extract of Vitis vinifera. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:8591286. [PMID: 26788254 PMCID: PMC4691607 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8591286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Dietary stilbenoids are receiving increasing attention due to their potential health benefits. However, most studies concerning the bioactivity of stilbenoids were conducted with pure compounds, for example, resveratrol. The aim of this study was to characterize a complex root extract of Vitis vinifera in terms of its free radical scavenging and cellular antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analyses of the root extract of Vitis vinifera identified seven stilbenoids including two monomeric (resveratrol and piceatannol), two dimeric (trans-ɛ-viniferin and ampelopsin A), one trimeric (miyabenol C), and two tetrameric (r-2-viniferin = vitisin A and r-viniferin = vitisin B) compounds which may mediate its biological activity. Electron spin resonance and spin trapping experiments indicate that the root extract scavenged 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl, galvinoxyl, and superoxide free radicals. On a cellular level it was observed that the root extract of Vitis vinifera protects against hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage and induces Nrf2 and its target genes heme oxygenase-1 and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Furthermore, the root extract could induce the antiatherogenic hepatic enzyme paraoxonase 1 and downregulate proinflammatory gene expression (interleukin 1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase) in macrophages. Collectively our data suggest that the root extract of Vitis vinifera exhibits free radical scavenging as well as cellular antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Collapse
|
390
|
Kabaria S, Choi DC, Chaudhuri AD, Jain MR, Li H, Junn E. MicroRNA-7 activates Nrf2 pathway by targeting Keap1 expression. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:548-56. [PMID: 26453926 PMCID: PMC4684759 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor that regulates the expression of a number of antioxidant and detoxifying genes that provide cellular protection against various stressors including reactive oxygen species (ROS). Nrf2 activity is tightly regulated by a cytoplasmic inhibitory protein called Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). The mechanism that controls Keap1 expression, however, remains poorly understood. In the present study, we demonstrate that microRNA-7 (miR-7), which is highly expressed in the brain, represses Keap1 expression by targeting the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of its mRNA in human neuroblastoma cells, SH-SY5Y. Subsequently, this event results in an increased Nrf2 activity, as evidenced by an increase in the expression of its transcriptional targets, heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), and an enhanced nuclear localization of Nrf2. In addition, miR-7 decreases the intracellular hydroperoxides level and increases the level of reduced form of glutathione, indicative of oxidative stress relief. We also demonstrate that targeted repression of Keap1 and activation of Nrf2 pathway, in part, underlies the protective effects of miR-7 against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y and differentiated human neural progenitor cells, ReNcell VM. These findings point to a new mechanism by which miR-7 exerts cytoprotective effects by regulating the Nrf2 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Savan Kabaria
- Center for Neurodegenerative and Neuroimmunologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ., 08854, USA
| | - Doo Chul Choi
- Center for Neurodegenerative and Neuroimmunologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ., 08854, USA
| | - Amrita Datta Chaudhuri
- Center for Neurodegenerative and Neuroimmunologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ., 08854, USA
| | - Mohit Raja Jain
- Center for Advanced Proteomics Research, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ., 07103, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Center for Advanced Proteomics Research, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ., 07103, USA
| | - Eunsung Junn
- Center for Neurodegenerative and Neuroimmunologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ., 08854, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
391
|
Anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of cinnamaldehyde on protecting high glucose-induced damage in cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons of rats. Chin J Integr Med 2015; 22:19-27. [PMID: 26577110 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-015-2103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the mechanism underlying the beneficial role of cinnamaldehyde on oxidative damage and apoptosis in high glucose (HG)-induced dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in vitro. METHODS HG-treated DRG neurons were developed as an in vitro model of diabetic neuropathy. The neurons were randomly divided into five groups: the control group, the HG group and the HG groups treated with 25, 50 and 100 nmol/L cinnamaldehyde, respectively. Cell viability was examined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and apoptosis rate was evaluated by the in situ TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured with flow cytometry. Expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), inhibitor of κB (IκB), phosphorylated IκB (p-IκB), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and caspase-3 were determined by western blotting and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) were also measured by western blotting. RESULTS Cinnamaldehyde reduced HG-induced loss of viability, apoptosis and intracellular generation of ROS in the DRG neurons via inhibiting NF-κB activity. The western blot assay results showed that the HG-induced elevated expressions of NF-κB, IκB and p-IκB were remarkably reduced by cinnamaldehyde treatment in a dose-dependent manner (P <0.01). The HG-induced over-expression of NF-κB p65 mRNA was remarkably attenuated after cinnamaldehyde treatment in a dose-dependent manner (P <0.01). However, the expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 were not upregulated. Treatment with cinnamaldehyde not only attenuated caspase-3 activation and the caspase cleavage cascade in DRG neurons, but also lowered the elevated IL-6, TNF-α, cyclo-oxygenase and inducible nitric oxide synthase levels, indicating a reduction in inflammatory damage. CONCLUSIONS Cinnamaldehyde protected DRG neurons from the deleterious effects of HG through inactivation of NF-κB pathway but not through activation of Nrf2/HO-1. And thus cinnamaldehyde may have potential application as a treatment for DPN.
Collapse
|
392
|
Guo Y, Yu S, Zhang C, Kong ANT. Epigenetic regulation of Keap1-Nrf2 signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:337-349. [PMID: 26117320 PMCID: PMC4955581 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling axis serves as a "master regulator" in response to oxidative/electrophilic stresses and chemical insults through the coordinated induction of a wide array of cytoprotective genes. Therefore, activation of Nrf2 is considered to be an important approach for preventing chronic diseases triggered by stresses and toxins, including cancer. Despite extensive studies suggested that the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway is subject to multiple layers of regulation at the transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels, the potential epigenetic regulation of Nrf2 and Keap1 has begun to be recognized only in recent years. Epigenetic modifications, heritable alterations in gene expression that occur without changes in the primary DNA sequence, have been reported to be profoundly involved in oxidative stress responses. In this review, we discuss the latest findings regarding the epigenetic regulation of Keap1-Nrf2 signaling by DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNAs. The crosstalk among these epigenetic modifications in the regulation of Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathways is also discussed. Studies of the epigenetic modification of Nrf2 and Keap1 have not only enhanced our understanding of this complex cellular defense system but have also provided potential new therapeutic targets for the prevention of certain diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Siwang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, and Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Chengyue Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ah-Ng Tony Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
393
|
Suman S, Sharma PK, Rai G, Mishra S, Arora D, Gupta P, Shukla Y. Current perspectives of molecular pathways involved in chronic inflammation-mediated breast cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 472:401-9. [PMID: 26522220 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation has multifaceted role in cancer progression including initiation, promotion and invasion by affecting the immune surveillance and associated signaling pathways. Inflammation facilitates the over-expression of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors involved in progression of different cancers including breast cancer progression. Deregulation of biological processes such as oxidative stress, angiogenesis, and autophagy elicit favorable immune response towards chronic inflammation. Apart from the role in carcinogenesis, chronic inflammation also favors the emergence of drug resistance clones by inducing the growth of breast cancer stem-like cells. Immunomodulation mediated by cytokines, chemokines and several other growth factors present in the tumor microenvironment regulate chronic inflammatory response and alter crosstalk among various signaling pathways such as NF-κB, Nrf-2, JAK-STAT, Akt and MAPKs involved in the progression of breast cancer. In this review, we focused on cellular and molecular processes involved in chronic inflammation, crosstalk among different signaling pathways and their association in breast cancer pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Suman
- Proteomics & Environmental Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR Campus, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Sharma
- Proteomics & Environmental Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR Campus, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Girish Rai
- Proteomics & Environmental Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR Campus, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Mishra
- Proteomics & Environmental Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR Campus, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepika Arora
- Proteomics & Environmental Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Bioscience, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prachi Gupta
- Proteomics & Environmental Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR Campus, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yogeshwer Shukla
- Proteomics & Environmental Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR Campus, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
394
|
Fattori V, Pinho-Ribeiro FA, Borghi SM, Alves-Filho JC, Cunha TM, Cunha FQ, Casagrande R, Verri WA. Curcumin inhibits superoxide anion-induced pain-like behavior and leukocyte recruitment by increasing Nrf2 expression and reducing NF-κB activation. Inflamm Res 2015; 64:993-1003. [PMID: 26456836 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-015-0885-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed at evaluating the activity of curcumin in superoxide anion-induced pain-like behavior and leukocyte recruitment in mice. TREATMENT Administration of curcumin 10 mg/kg subcutaneously 1 h before stimulus. METHODS KO2 was used as superoxide anion donor. Overt pain-like behaviors were determined by the number of abdominal writhings, paw flinches and time spent licking the paw. Mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia were determined using an electronic anesthesiometer and hot plate, respectively. Cytokine concentration and NF-κB activity were determined by ELISA, antioxidant effect by nitrobluetretrazolium assay and ABTS radical scavenging ability. Myeloperoxidase activity was measured by colorimetric assay. The Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and gp91phox mRNA expression was determined by quantitative PCR. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc and considered significant when p<0.05. RESULTS Curcumin inhibited superoxide anion-induced overt pain-like behaviors as well as mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. Curcumin also inhibited superoxide anion-induced leukocyte recruitment in the peritoneal cavity and in the paw skin inhibited myeloperoxidase activity, oxidative stress, IL-1β and TNF-α production and NF-κB activation as well as enhanced IL-10 production, and HO-1 and Nrf2 mRNA expression. CONCLUSION Curcumin inhibits superoxide anion-induced inflammatory pain-like behaviors and leukocyte recruitment by targeting inflammatory molecules and oxidative stress; and inducing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Fattori
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid KM480 PR445, CEP 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Cx Postal 10.011, Brasil
| | - Felipe A Pinho-Ribeiro
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid KM480 PR445, CEP 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Cx Postal 10.011, Brasil
| | - Sergio M Borghi
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid KM480 PR445, CEP 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Cx Postal 10.011, Brasil
| | - José C Alves-Filho
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, CEP 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, CEP 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Fernando Q Cunha
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, CEP 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Av. Robert Koch 60, CEP 86038-350, Londrina, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid KM480 PR445, CEP 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Cx Postal 10.011, Brasil.
| |
Collapse
|
395
|
Palanisamy K, Krishnaswamy R, Paramasivan P, Chih-Yang H, Vishwanadha VP. Eicosapentaenoic acid prevents TCDD-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response by modulating MAP kinases and redox-sensitive transcription factors. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:4726-40. [PMID: 26177858 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Oxidative stress and subsequent activation of inflammatory responses is a widely accepted consequence of exposure to environmental toxins. TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin), a well-known environmental toxin, exerts its toxicity through many signalling mechanisms, with liver being the principal organ affected. However, an effective antidote to TCDD-induced toxicity is unknown. The present study evaluated the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an n3 fatty acid, on TCDD-induced toxicity. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In cultures of HepG2 cells, the EPA/AA ratio was determined using gas chromatography, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses through reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, antioxidant status, [Ca(2+) ]i , nuclear migration of two redox-sensitive transcription factors, NF-κB p65 and Nrf-2, expression of MAP kinase (p-Erk, p-p38), NF-κB p65, COX-2 and Nrf-2. Cellular changes in ΔΨm, acidic vesicular organelle formation, cell cycle analysis and scanning electron microscopy analysis were performed. KEY RESULTS EPA offered significant cytoprotection by increasing EPA/AA ratios in cell membranes, inhibiting ROS generation, enhancing antioxidant status and modulating nuclear translocation of redox-sensitive transcription factors (NF-κB p65 and Nrf-2) and expression of NF-κB p65, COX-2 and Nrf-2. Furthermore, TCDD-induced upstream events of MAPK phosphorylation, the increase in [Ca(2+) ]i levels and cell surface changes in microvilli were significantly inhibited by EPA. EPA treatment maintained ΔΨm and prevented formation of acidic vesicular organelles. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The present study demonstrates for the first time some underlying molecular mechanisms of cytoprotection exerted by EPA against TCDD-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalaiselvi Palanisamy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Rajashree Krishnaswamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Poornima Paramasivan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Huang Chih-Yang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Vijaya Padma Vishwanadha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.,Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
396
|
miRNA Influences in NRF2 Pathway Interactions within Cancer Models. J Nucleic Acids 2015; 2015:143636. [PMID: 26345522 PMCID: PMC4546755 DOI: 10.1155/2015/143636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The NRF2 transcription factor (nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2) has been identified as a key molecular player in orchestrating adaptive cellular interactions following a wide spectrum of cellular stress conditions that could be either extracellular or intracellular. Dysregulation of the NRF2 system is implicated in various disease states, including inflammatory conditions. The NRF2 transcription factor is also known to permit cross talk with several other essential cellular signaling pathways. Recent literature has also elucidated the potential influences of miRNA activity over modulations of the NRF2 signalling network. Consequently, further delving into the knowledge regarding the extent of miRNA-induced epigenetic gene regulatory control on key elements of the NRF2 signalling pathway and its cross talk, particularly within the context of cancer models, can prove to be of high clinical importance. This is so since such miRNAs, once identified and validated, can be potentially exploited as novel drug targets for emerging translational medicine-based therapies.
Collapse
|
397
|
Huang Y, Li W, Su ZY, Kong ANT. The complexity of the Nrf2 pathway: beyond the antioxidant response. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:1401-13. [PMID: 26419687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated signalling pathway provides living organisms an efficient and pivotal line of defensive to counteract environmental insults and endogenous stressors. Nrf2 coordinates the basal and inducible expression of antioxidant and Phase II detoxification enzymes to adapt to different stress conditions. The stability and cellular distribution of Nrf2 is tightly controlled by its inhibitory binding protein Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1. Nrf2 signalling is also regulated by posttranslational, transcriptional, translational and epigenetic mechanisms, as well as by other protein partners, including p62, p21 and IQ motif-containing GTPase activating protein 1. Many studies have demonstrated that Nrf2 is a promising target for preventing carcinogenesis and other chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and pulmonary injury. However, constitutive activation of Nrf2 in advanced cancer cells may confer drug resistance. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of Nrf2 signalling, the diverse classes of Nrf2 activators, including bioactive nutrients and other chemicals, and the cellular functions and disease relevance of Nrf2 and discuss the dual role of Nrf2 in different contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Earnest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Wenji Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Earnest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Zheng-yuan Su
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Earnest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ah-Ng Tony Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Earnest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
398
|
Deferme L, Wolters J, Claessen S, Briedé J, Kleinjans J. Oxidative Stress Mechanisms Do Not Discriminate between Genotoxic and Nongenotoxic Liver Carcinogens. Chem Res Toxicol 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lize Deferme
- Department of Toxicogenomics,
School of Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jarno Wolters
- Department of Toxicogenomics,
School of Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Claessen
- Department of Toxicogenomics,
School of Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacco Briedé
- Department of Toxicogenomics,
School of Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics,
School of Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
399
|
Abstract
In most tissues, cells are exposed to frequent changes in levels of oxidative stress and inflammation. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) are the two key transcription factors that regulate cellular responses to oxidative stress and inflammation respectively. Pharmacological and genetic studies suggest that there is functional cross-talk between these two important pathways. The absence of Nrf2 can exacerbate NF-κB activity leading to increased cytokine production, whereas NF-κB can modulate Nrf2 transcription and activity, having both positive and negative effects on the target gene expression. This review focuses on the potentially complex molecular mechanisms that link the Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways and the importance of designing more effective therapeutic strategies to prevent or treat a broad range of neurological disorders.
Collapse
|
400
|
Nrf2 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways Contribute to Porphyra-334-Mediated Inhibition of UVA-Induced Inflammation in Skin Fibroblasts. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:4721-32. [PMID: 26264001 PMCID: PMC4557001 DOI: 10.3390/md13084721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the protective effects of porphyra-334 against UVA-irradiated cellular damage and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. Porphyra-334 prevented UVA-induced cell death and exhibited scavenging activities against intracellular oxidative stress induced by UVA irradiation in skin fibroblasts. We found that porphyra-334 significantly reduced the secretion and expression of IL-6 and TNF-α, reduced nuclear expression of Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and sustained NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation. Further mechanism research revealed that porphyra-334 promoted the Nrf2 signaling pathway in UVA-irradiated skin fibroblasts. Our results show that the antioxidant effect of porphyra-334 is due to the direct scavenging of oxidative stress and its inhibitory effects on NF-κB-dependent inflammatory genes, such as IL-6 and TNF-κ. Therefore, we hypothesize that boosting the Nrf2- NF-κB-dependent response to counteract environmental stress is a promising strategy for the prevention of UVA-related damage.
Collapse
|