351
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Muzi S, Sansò A, Pace CS. What's Happened to Italian Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Preliminary Study on Symptoms, Problematic Social Media Usage, and Attachment: Relationships and Differences With Pre-pandemic Peers. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:590543. [PMID: 33986698 PMCID: PMC8110826 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.590543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Italian adolescents were confined at home for 3 months due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which exposed them to feelings of fear, uncertainty, and loneliness that may have increased their vulnerability to emotional-behavioral symptoms (e.g., anxiety) and binge-eating attitudes. Potential risk factors for these psychopathological symptoms are problematic social media usage and attachment insecurity. Therefore, this study aimed: (1) to assess emotional-behavioral symptoms, binge eating, problematic social media usage, and attachment representations of adolescents during the pandemic, comparing them with prepandemic similar samples; (2) to investigate relationships among variables, exploring the role of problematic social media usage and insecure attachment as risk factors for more psychopathological symptoms. Participants were 62 community adolescents aged 12-17 years, enrolled through schools, and assessed online through the following measures: Youth Self-Report for emotional-behavioral problems, Binge-Eating Scale for binge eating, Social Media Disorder Scale for problematic social media usage, and the Friends and Family Interview for attachment. The main results were: (1) 9.4% of adolescents showed clinical rates of emotional-behavioral symptoms and 4.8% of binge eating attitudes. The comparison with pre-pandemic samples revealed that pandemic teenagers showed lower internalizing, but higher other problems (e.g., binge drinking, self-destructive behaviors) and more problematic social media usage than pre-pandemic peers. No differences in binge-eating attitudes and attachment were revealed (76% secure classifications). (2) Problematic social media usage was related to more binge eating and emotional-behavioral problems, predicting 5.4% of both delinquent and attention problems. Attachment disorganization predicted 16.5% of internalizing problems, somatic complaints, and social and identity-related problems. In conclusion, confinement did not increase adolescents' internalizing symptoms -i.e., vulnerability to mood disorders of an anxious-depressive type- which even decreased. However, teenagers may have expressed their discomfort through other problems and symptoms of social media disorder. Further studies should explore the role of adolescents' problematic social media usage and attachment insecurity as risk factors for additional psychopathological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Muzi
- Department of Education Sciences, School of Social Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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352
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Paschke K, Austermann MI, Thomasius R. ICD-11-Based Assessment of Social Media Use Disorder in Adolescents: Development and Validation of the Social Media Use Disorder Scale for Adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:661483. [PMID: 33967862 PMCID: PMC8100192 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.661483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A problematic social media use (PSMU) in adolescents is a rising phenomenon often associated with higher perception of psychological stress and comorbid psychiatric disorders like depression. Since the ICD-11 introduced the very first internet-use related disorders, criteria for gaming (and online gambling) disorder can now be transferred to assess social media use disorder (SMUD). Therefore, the development and validation of a self-rating screening instrument for SMUD is of value to researchers and clinicians. Method: The previously validated ICD-11-based Gaming Disorder Scale for Adolescents (GADIS-A) was adapted to measure SMUD (Social Media Use Disorder Scale for Adolescents, SOMEDIS-A). A representative sample of 931 adolescents aged 10 to 17 years and a respective parent participated in an online study. Item structure was evaluated by factorial analyses. Validated DSM-5-based instruments to assess PSMU by self- and parental ratings (SMDS, SMDS-P), adolescent depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), and stress perception (PSS-10) as well as single items on time spent with social media (SM, frequency and duration) were applied to assess criterion validity. Discrimination between pathological and non-pathological users was examined based on ROC analyses retrieved cut-off values and the results of a latent profile analysis. Results: The new scale is best described by two factors reflecting cognitive-behavioral symptoms and associated negative consequences. The internal consistency was good to excellent. The SOMEDIS-A-sum score was positively correlated with PSMU, depression, and stress scores as well as the time spent with SM in a moderately to highly significant manner. Thus, good to excellent criterion validity is suggested. Conclusions: SOMEDIS-A is the first successfully validated instrument to assess SMUD in adolescents based on the ICD-11 criteria of GD. Thus, it can support early detection in order to prevent symptom aggravation, chronification, and secondary comorbidities. It can contribute to the development of a standardized conceptualization and its two-factorial structure offers promising new insights into the evaluation of SM usage patterns. Further examination including clinical validation is desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Paschke
- German Center for Addiction Research in Childhood and Adolescence, Deutsches Zentrum für Suchtfragen des Kindes- und Jugendalters (DZSKJ), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
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353
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Thomson K, Hunter SC, Butler SH, Robertson DJ. Social media 'addiction': The absence of an attentional bias to social media stimuli. J Behav Addict 2021; 10:302-313. [PMID: 33852419 PMCID: PMC8996807 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Social media use has become a ubiquitous part of society, with 3.8 billion users worldwide. While research has shown that there are positive aspects to social media engagement (e.g. feelings of social connectedness and wellbeing), much of the focus has been on the negative mental health outcomes which are associated with excessive use (e.g. higher levels of depression/anxiety). While the evidence to support such negative associations is mixed, there is a growing debate within the literature as to whether excessive levels of social media use should become a clinically defined addictive behaviour. METHODS Here we assess whether one hallmark of addiction, the priority processing of addiction related stimuli known as an 'attentional bias', is evident in a group of social media users (N = 100). Using mock iPhone displays, we test whether social media stimuli preferentially capture users' attention and whether the level of bias can be predicted by platform use (self-report, objective smartphone usage data), and whether it is associated with scores on established measures of social media engagement (SMES) and social media 'addiction' severity scales (BSNAS, SMAQ). RESULTS Our findings do not provide support for a social media specific attentional bias. While there was a large range of individual differences in our measures of use, engagement, and 'addictive' severity, these were not predictive of, or associated with, individual differences in the magnitude of attentional capture by social media stimuli. CONCLUSIONS More research is required before social media use can be definitively placed within an addiction framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Thomson
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde
,
Glasgow
,
UK
| | - Simon C. Hunter
- Department of Psychology, Glasgow Caledonian University
,
Glasgow
,
UK,Graduate School of Education, University of Western Australia
,
Perth
,
Australia
| | - Stephen H. Butler
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde
,
Glasgow
,
UK
| | - David J. Robertson
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde
,
Glasgow
,
UK,
Corresponding author. E-mail:
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354
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Bathina KC, Ten Thij M, Lorenzo-Luaces L, Rutter LA, Bollen J. Individuals with depression express more distorted thinking on social media. Nat Hum Behav 2021; 5:458-466. [PMID: 33574604 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-021-01050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide, but is often underdiagnosed and undertreated. Cognitive behavioural therapy holds that individuals with depression exhibit distorted modes of thinking, that is, cognitive distortions, that can negatively affect their emotions and motivation. Here, we show that the language of individuals with a self-reported diagnosis of depression on social media is characterized by higher levels of distorted thinking compared with a random sample. This effect is specific to the distorted nature of the expression and cannot be explained by the presence of specific topics, sentiment or first-person pronouns. This study identifies online language patterns that are indicative of depression-related distorted thinking. We caution that any future applications of this research should carefully consider ethical and data privacy issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna C Bathina
- Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Marijn Ten Thij
- Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Lorenzo Lorenzo-Luaces
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Lauren A Rutter
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Johan Bollen
- Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA.
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355
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Hayixibayi A, Strodl E, Chen WQ, Kelly AB. School-based relationships and problematic internet use amongst Chinese students. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248600. [PMID: 33760872 PMCID: PMC7990311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential for adolescent mental health problems arising from heavy internet use is significant. There is a need to better understand the risk and protective factors related to problematic internet use (PIU) amongst adolescents. This study examined the role of adolescents’ perceptions of school-based relationships as potential contextual antecedents to problematic internet use. Specifically, 6552 adolescent students (55.9% boys, 13.51 ± 2. 93 years) from 22 primary and middle schools in southern China completed questionnaires to measure the degree of adolescent conflict with peers, teachers and other staff, school connectedness, perceived classroom atmosphere and problematic internet use. Self-reported data was collected using a two-level stratified sampling. Multiple regression analyses showed that conflict with peers and teachers was positively associated with higher levels of PIU, while school connectedness and perceived classroom atmosphere were negatively associated with PIU. An interaction effect was found for conflict with peers and grade level, such that the association between conflict with peers and PIU was stronger for secondary students compared to primary school students. The results support the need for school-based interventions for PIU to include a focus on conflict with peers and teachers, and for a focus on the enhancement of school connectedness and classroom atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alimila Hayixibayi
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Esben Strodl
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wei-Qing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Adrian B. Kelly
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Inclusive Education, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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356
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Skogen JC, Hjetland GJ, Bøe T, Hella RT, Knudsen AK. Through the Looking Glass of Social Media. Focus on Self-Presentation and Association with Mental Health and Quality of Life. A Cross-Sectional Survey-Based Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063319. [PMID: 33807026 PMCID: PMC8004637 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Social media (SOME) use among adolescents has been linked to mental health and well-being. SOME self-presentation has been highlighted as an important factor to better understand the potential links. The aims of this study were to investigate the association between focus on SOME self-presentation and mental health and quality of life among adolescents. We used a cross-sectional survey, with n = 513 (56%; mean age 17.1 years; 58% boys) students from a senior high school in Norway. Associations between focus on SOME self-presentation and symptoms of anxiety and depression and quality of life were investigated using blobbograms, standardized mean difference (SMD), and gender-specific linear regression models. A high focus on SOME self-presentation was associated with more mental health problems and reduced quality of life. The strength of the associations with symptoms of depression (0.75SMD) and anxiety (0.71SMD) was large, while it was medium-large for quality of life (−0.58SMD). The association was similar across gender in relation to symptoms of anxiety. For symptoms of depression and quality of life, the association was stronger for girls compared to boys. Our findings yield preliminary evidence of a potential relationship between focus on SOME self-presentation and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Christoffer Skogen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 5015 Bergen, Norway; (G.J.H.); (A.K.K.)
- Centre for Evaluation of Public Health Measures, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway
- Alcohol and Drug Research Western Norway, Stavanger University Hospital, 4010 Stavanger, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, 4021 Stavanger, Norway
- Correspondence:
| | - Gunnhild Johnsen Hjetland
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 5015 Bergen, Norway; (G.J.H.); (A.K.K.)
- Centre for Evaluation of Public Health Measures, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tormod Bøe
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Randi Træland Hella
- Department of Work, Social Services and Housing, Bergen Municipality, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Ann Kristin Knudsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 5015 Bergen, Norway; (G.J.H.); (A.K.K.)
- Centre for Disease Burden, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 5015 Bergen, Norway
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357
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Tang S, Werner-Seidler A, Torok M, Mackinnon AJ, Christensen H. The relationship between screen time and mental health in young people: A systematic review of longitudinal studies. Clin Psychol Rev 2021; 86:102021. [PMID: 33798997 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An increase in time spent on screen-based technologies has been suggested to underlie recent increases in mental health problems among young people. However, this hypothesis has primarily been based on the findings of cross-sectional studies. The aim of the current review was to provide a comprehensive overview of longitudinal studies examining the relationship between screen time and internalising mental health symptoms. PsycINFO, PubMed/Medline and EMBASE were systematically searched for articles published up to August 2020. Thirty-five studies, with sample sizes ranging from 126 to 12,866 participants, met inclusion criteria. The association between screen time and subsequent depressive symptoms was found to be small to very small in size. There was limited evidence of any reverse association between depressive symptoms and subsequent screen time. The association between screen time and depressive symptoms varied between different devices and uses. In contrast to depressive symptoms, evidence to support longitudinal associations between screen time and other internalising mental health symptoms, including anxiety, self-esteem, and general internalising problems, was lacking. Together, these results suggest that the impact of increased screen time on the prevalence of mental health problems among young people is likely to be negligible or small. Further longitudinal studies that examine screen content and motivations underlying screen use are required to better discern any relationship between screen time and internalising mental health symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Tang
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | | | - Michelle Torok
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J Mackinnon
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen Christensen
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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358
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Perceived Challenges and Online Harms from Social Media Use on a Severity Continuum: A Qualitative Psychological Stakeholder Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063227. [PMID: 33804723 PMCID: PMC8003875 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that problematic use of gaming, the internet, and social media among adolescents is on the rise, affecting multiple psycho-emotional domains. However, research providing a comprehensive and triangulated stakeholder perspective of perceived harms is lacking. How are adolescent online harms experienced and conceptualized by students, parents, and teachers? The present study comprised part of a qualitative needs assessment investigation with the use of focus groups and individual interviews among key stakeholder groups assessing perceived impacts with a focus on the negative consequences and perceived harms. The study’s sample consisted of students (N = 42, Mage = 13.5, SD = 2.3), parents (N = 9, Mage = 37, SD = 5.6) and teachers (N = 9, Mage = 34, SD = 4.9) from the UK. Data were analysed with thematic analysis. Findings focused primarily on social media use impacts and indicated that processes underlying impacts experienced by adolescents may be conceptualized on a severity continuum. Stakeholder consensus on perceptions of challenges and perceived harms formed the second theme, with impacts further analysed as relating to time displacement, peer judgement, sensory overload and context of the adolescent with functional (performance, task switching, use of multiple devices), cognitive (loss or deterioration of attentional focus, attention deficit), and emotional consequences (stress, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive/checking behaviours). A third theme formed was individual vulnerabilities predisposing poor mental health outcomes. The final theme related to impacts dependent on context and meaning attached. Findings suggest a consideration of a spectrum approach encompassing a broader range of potential psychological challenges and perceived harms beyond safety concerns and addiction in understanding problematic adolescent online experiences. Understanding perceived harms can aid the objective setting of interventions and consideration of mental health literacy in school curricula.
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359
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Bøe T, Heiervang ER, Stormark KM, Lundervold AJ, Hysing M. Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Norwegian 10-14-year-olds: Results from a cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248864. [PMID: 33740026 PMCID: PMC7978367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Youth mental health problems is the leading cause of disability worldwide and a major public health concern. Prevalence rates are needed for planning preventive interventions and health care services. We here report Norwegian prevalence estimates for youth mental disorders based on findings from the Bergen Child Study cohort. A web-based psychiatric interview; the Development and Well-Being Assessment, was completed by parents and teachers of 2,043 10-14-year-olds from the city of Bergen, Norway. Post-stratification weights were used to account for selective participation related to parental educational in the estimation of prevalence rates. Prevalence rates are presented for the whole sample and stratified by gender and age. The overall population weighted estimate suggests that 6.93% (95% CI 5.06–9.41) of the children met DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for one or more psychiatric disorders. There were no robust indications of age- or gender-related differences in the prevalence. 11.4% of the children fulfilled criteria for more than one diagnosis. The most common comorbid conditions were ADHD and disruptive disorders. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was relatively low among Norwegian 10-14-year-olds, compared to published worldwide prevalence estimates. This is in line with estimates from prior studies from the Nordic countries. These findings raise important questions about the origins of different prevalence rates for psychiatric disorders between societies. The findings also illustrate the importance of locally driven epidemiological studies for planning preventative efforts and appropriately scaling mental health services to meet the need of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tormod Bøe
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of psychosocial science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- RKBU West, NORCE Norwegian Research Center AS, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Einar Røshol Heiervang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjell Morten Stormark
- RKBU West, NORCE Norwegian Research Center AS, Bergen, Norway
- Department of health promotion and development, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Astri J. Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of psychosocial science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- RKBU West, NORCE Norwegian Research Center AS, Bergen, Norway
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360
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de Figueiredo CS, Sandre PC, Portugal LCL, Mázala-de-Oliveira T, da Silva Chagas L, Raony Í, Ferreira ES, Giestal-de-Araujo E, Dos Santos AA, Bomfim POS. COVID-19 pandemic impact on children and adolescents' mental health: Biological, environmental, and social factors. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 106:110171. [PMID: 33186638 PMCID: PMC7657035 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was announced, we had an unprecedented change in the way we organize ourselves socially and in our daily routine. Children and adolescents were also greatly impacted by the abrupt withdrawal from school, social life and outdoor activities. Some of them also experienced domestic violence growing. The stress they are subjected to directly impacts their mental health on account of increased anxiety, changes in their diets and in school dynamics, fear or even failing to scale the problem. Our aim is to bring up a discussion under different aspects and to alert public health and government agents about the need for surveillance and care of these individuals. We hope that the damage to their mental health as a result of the side effect of this pandemic can be mitigated by adequate and timely intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Saggioro de Figueiredo
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Poliana Capucho Sandre
- NuPEDEN, Nucleus for Research, Education, Dissemination and Neurosciences Popularization, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil; Thymus Research Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Liana Catarina Lima Portugal
- NuPEDEN, Nucleus for Research, Education, Dissemination and Neurosciences Popularization, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Behavior, Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Brazil
| | - Thalita Mázala-de-Oliveira
- NuPEDEN, Nucleus for Research, Education, Dissemination and Neurosciences Popularization, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Luana da Silva Chagas
- NuPEDEN, Nucleus for Research, Education, Dissemination and Neurosciences Popularization, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil; Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Ícaro Raony
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, 24020-141, Brazil; School of Medicine, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24033-900, Brazil
| | - Elenn Soares Ferreira
- NuPEDEN, Nucleus for Research, Education, Dissemination and Neurosciences Popularization, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Giestal-de-Araujo
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, 24020-141, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation - INCT-NIM, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Aline Araujo Dos Santos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Laboratory of Neurochemical Interactions, Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Oliveira-Silva Bomfim
- NuPEDEN, Nucleus for Research, Education, Dissemination and Neurosciences Popularization, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil; Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, 24020-141, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation - INCT-NIM, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; Rio de Janeiro Neuroinflammation Research Network, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.
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361
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Liao HW, DeLiema M. Reimagining Senior Centers for Purposeful Aging: Perspectives of Diverse Older Adults. J Appl Gerontol 2021; 40:1502-1510. [PMID: 33648359 DOI: 10.1177/0733464821996109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Senior centers must re-envision their programs to appeal to today's increasingly older and more diverse older adults. Using a purposeful aging framework, this study aims to inform senior center programming by capturing diverse older adults' perspectives on future goals, perceptions of aging, attitudes about senior centers, and experience with technology. Participants age 70 and older (N = 64) joined one of eight focus groups organized by race/ethnicity and preferred spoken language. Transcripts were coded using a grounded theory approach to identify perspectives in each domain. Across groups, shared perspectives included aspirations to make a difference, maintain health and independence, continue learning, and embrace positive perceptions of aging. However, both positive and negative attitudes about participating in senior centers and the effects of technology were presented. We discuss how to redesign senior center programming to meet members' proactive approach to aging and future goals, and facilitate more confidence with new technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Wen Liao
- Stanford University, CA, USA.,Georgia Institute of Technology, GA, USA
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362
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Munawar K, Choudhry FR. Exploring stress coping strategies of frontline emergency health workers dealing Covid-19 in Pakistan: A qualitative inquiry. Am J Infect Control 2021; 49:286-292. [PMID: 32649990 PMCID: PMC7340021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.06.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 outbreak has gravely impacted the physical and psychological health of people. As the outbreak is ongoing, it is crucial to equip the emergency healthcare workers (HCWs) to be medically and psychologically prepared. Objective To examine the psychological impact of COVID-19 on emergency HCWs and to understand how they are dealing with COVID-19 pandemic, their stress coping strategies or protective factors, and challenges while dealing with COVID-19 patients. Methods Using a framework thematic analysis approach, 15 frontline emergency HCWs directly dealing with COVID-19 patients from April 2, 2020 to April 25, 2020. The semi-structured interviews were conducted face-to-face or by telephone. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Findings highlighted first major theme of stress coping, including, limiting media exposure, limited sharing of Covid-19 duty details, religious coping, just another emergency approach, altruism, and second major theme of Challenges includes, psychological response and noncompliance of public/denial by religious scholar. Conclusions Participants practiced and recommended various coping strategies to deal with stress and anxiety emerging from COVID-19 pandemic. Media was reported to be a principal source of raising stress and anxiety among the public. Religious coping as well as their passion to serve humanity and country were the commonly employed coping strategies.
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363
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Pang H. Unraveling the influence of passive and active WeChat interactions on upward social comparison and negative psychological consequences among university students. TELEMATICS AND INFORMATICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tele.2020.101510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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364
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Dagher M, Farchakh Y, Barbar S, Haddad C, Akel M, Hallit S, Obeid S. Association between problematic social media use and memory performance in a sample of Lebanese adults: the mediating effect of anxiety, depression, stress and insomnia. Head Face Med 2021; 17:6. [PMID: 33622360 PMCID: PMC7901207 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-021-00260-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological factors such as depression, anxiety, stress and insomnia and problematic social media use are able to alter our memories and might have an impact on memory function and retrieval. More studies are needed to better understand the relationship between memory performance and mental health disorders, especially the ones that could be related to problematic social media use. The objective of this study was to evaluate any association between problematic social media use, depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia vs memory performance among a representative sample of Lebanese people. METHODS This cross-sectional study, conducted between January and May 2019, enrolled 466 community dwelling participants using a proportionate random sample from all Lebanese governorates. The questionnaire consisted of the following measures: the Memory Awareness Rating Scale (MARS) to assesses views of memory performance, the problematic social media use scale to measure the degree of addiction to social media, the Hamilton depression rating scale and Hamilton anxiety scale to assess depression and anxiety respectively, the Beirut Distress Scale to assess stress and the Lebanese Insomnia sale to assess insomnia. The data analysis was performed using the SPSS software version 25. A linear regression was conducted, taking the memory performance scale as the dependent variable. A mediation analysis was performed to test the effect of problematic social media use on memory performance mediated by depression, anxiety, stress and insomnia. RESULTS Higher problematic social media use (Beta = - 0.21) and higher anxiety (Beta = - 0.25) were significantly associated with lower memory performance. The association between problematic social media use and memory performance was partially mediated by anxiety (21.19%) but not depression, stress or insomnia. CONCLUSION Concerning problematic social media use, a clear correlation was demonstrated in this study linking it to lower memory performances. Future studies should evaluate the possible mechanisms and methods for effective awareness especially towards the younger generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Dagher
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Youssef Farchakh
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Sam Barbar
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- Univ. Limoges, UMR 1094, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale, Institut d'Epidémiologie et de Neurologie Tropicale, GEIST, 87000, Limoges, France
- Research and Psychology Departments, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Akel
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Building 560, Street 8, Biakout, Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Building 560, Street 8, Biakout, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Research and Psychology Departments, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Building 560, Street 8, Biakout, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.
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365
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Kandola A, Owen N, Dunstan DW, Hallgren M. Prospective relationships of adolescents' screen-based sedentary behaviour with depressive symptoms: the Millennium Cohort Study. Psychol Med 2021; 52:1-9. [PMID: 33602369 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721000258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frequent use of screen-based devices could be a modifiable risk factor for adolescent depression, but findings have been inconsistent and mostly from cross-sectional studies. We examined prospective associations of video gaming, social media, and internet use with depressive symptoms in adolescents. METHODS A total of 11 341 adolescents from the Millennium Cohort Study, a representative, UK population-based. The main outcome was depressive symptoms from a Moods and Feelings Questionnaire (age 14). Exposures were frequency of video game, social media, and internet use (age 11). Physical activity (effect modifier) was measured by self-report. RESULTS The fully adjusted models indicated that boys playing video games most days, at least once a week, and at least once a month at age 11 had lower depression scores at age 14 by 24.2% (IRR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.66-0.91), 25.1% (IRR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.62-0.90), and 31.2% (IRR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.57-0.83), compared with playing less than once a month/never. In girls, compared with less than once a month/never, using social media most days at age 11 was associated with 13% higher depression scores at age 14 (IRR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.05-1.22). We found some evidence of associations between using the internet most days and depressive symptoms compared with less than once a month/never in boys (IRR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.75-1.00). More frequent video game use was consistently associated with fewer depressive symptoms in boys with low physical activity, but not in those with high physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Different types of screen-time may have contrasting associations with depressive symptoms during adolescence. Initiatives to address adolescents' screen-time may require targeted approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kandola
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - N Owen
- Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - D W Dunstan
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Hallgren
- Epidemiology of Psychiatric Conditions, Substance Use and Social Environment (EPiCSS), Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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366
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COVID-19 and the Political Economy of Mass Hysteria. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041376. [PMID: 33546144 PMCID: PMC7913136 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we aim to develop a political economy of mass hysteria. Using the background of COVID-19, we study past mass hysteria. Negative information which is spread through mass media repetitively can affect public health negatively in the form of nocebo effects and mass hysteria. We argue that mass and digital media in connection with the state may have had adverse consequences during the COVID-19 crisis. The resulting collective hysteria may have contributed to policy errors by governments not in line with health recommendations. While mass hysteria can occur in societies with a minimal state, we show that there exist certain self-corrective mechanisms and limits to the harm inflicted, such as sacrosanct private property rights. However, mass hysteria can be exacerbated and self-reinforcing when the negative information comes from an authoritative source, when the media are politicized, and social networks make the negative information omnipresent. We conclude that the negative long-term effects of mass hysteria are exacerbated by the size of the state.
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367
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Murata S, Rezeppa T, Thoma B, Marengo L, Krancevich K, Chiyka E, Hayes B, Goodfriend E, Deal M, Zhong Y, Brummit B, Coury T, Riston S, Brent DA, Melhem NM. The psychiatric sequelae of the COVID-19 pandemic in adolescents, adults, and health care workers. Depress Anxiety 2021; 38:233-246. [PMID: 33368805 PMCID: PMC7902409 DOI: 10.1002/da.23120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic is the most serious global public health crisis since the 1918 influenza pandemic. This study is the first to assess its mental health impact across the lifespan in the United States in adolescents, adults, and health care workers. METHODS We recruited 4909 participants through an online survey advertising on Facebook and Instagram to assess exposure to COVID-19 and psychiatric symptoms from April 27 to July 13. We also recruited through the University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, and other health care systems around Pittsburgh. The primary outcomes were clinically significant depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, suicidal ideation or behavior, and grief reactions since COVID-19. RESULTS Adolescents were significantly more likely to report moderate to severe symptoms of depression (55% vs. 29%; χ2 = 122, df = 1; p < .001), anxiety (48% vs. 29%; χ2 = 73; df = 1; p < .001), PTSD (45% vs. 33%; χ2 = 12; df = 1; p < .001), suicidal ideation or behavior (38% vs. 16%; χ2 = 117; df = 1; p < .001), and sleep problems (69% vs. 57%; χ2 = 26; df = 1; p < .001) compared to adults. The rates of intense grief reactions among those who lost someone to COVID-19 was 55%. Loneliness was the most common predictor across outcomes and higher number of hours spent on social media and exposure to media about COVID-19 predicted depression symptoms and suicidal ideation or behavior in adolescents. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with increased rates of clinically significant psychiatric symptoms. Loneliness could put individuals at increased risk for the onset of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brian Thoma
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Meredith Deal
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | | | - Tiffany Coury
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sarah Riston
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - David A. Brent
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nadine M. Melhem
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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368
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Reported Changes in Adolescent Psychosocial Functioning during the COVID-19 Outbreak. ADOLESCENTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/adolescents1010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
What effect the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has had on adolescents’ psychosocial functioning is currently unknown. Using the data of 1767 (50.2% female and 49.8 male) adolescents in Sweden, we discuss adolescents’ thoughts and behaviors around the COVID-19 outbreak, as well as reported changes in substance use, everyday life, relations, victimization, and mental health during the outbreak. Results showed that (a) the majority of adolescents have been complying with regulations from the government; (b) although most adolescents did not report changes in their psychosocial functioning, a critical number reported more substance use, conflict with parents, less time spent with peers, and poorer control over their everyday life; and (c) the majority of adolescents have experienced less victimization, yet poorer mental health, during the COVID-19 outbreak. Adolescent girls and adolescents in distance schooling were likely to report negative changes in their psychosocial functioning during the COVID-19 outbreak. Based on these findings, we suggest that society should pay close attention to changes in adolescents’ psychosocial functioning during times of crisis.
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369
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Whitaker V, Oldham M, Boyd J, Fairbrother H, Curtis P, Meier P, Holmes J. Clustering of health-related behaviours within children aged 11-16: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:137. [PMID: 33446174 PMCID: PMC7807795 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-10140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to systematically review and synthesise evidence on the clustering of a broad range of health-related behaviours amongst 11-16 year olds. METHOD A literature search was conducted in September 2019. Studies were included if they used cluster analysis, latent class analysis, prevalence odds ratios, principal component analysis or factor analysis, and considered at least three health-related behaviours of interest among 11-16 year olds in high-income countries. Health-related behaviours of interest were substance use (alcohol, cigarettes and other drug use) and other behavioural risk indicators (diet, physical activity, gambling and sexual activity). RESULTS The review identified 41 studies, which reported 198 clusters of health-related behaviours of interest. The behaviours of interest reported within clusters were used to define eight behavioural archetypes. Some included studies only explored substance use, while others considered substance use and/or other health-related behaviours. Consequently, three archetypes were comprised by clusters reporting substance use behaviours alone. The archetypes were: (1) Poly-Substance Users, (2) Single Substance Users, (3) Substance Abstainers, (4) Substance Users with No/Low Behavioural Risk Indicators, (5) Substance Abstainers with Behavioural Risk Indicators, (6) Complex Configurations, (7) Overall Unhealthy and (8) Overall Healthy. CONCLUSION Studies of youth health behavioural clustering typically find both a 'healthy' cluster and an 'unhealthy' cluster. Unhealthy clusters are often characterised by poly-substance use. Our approach to synthesising cluster analyses may offer a means of navigating the heterogeneity of method, measures and behaviours of interest in this literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa Oldham
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jennifer Boyd
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Penny Curtis
- Health Sciences School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Petra Meier
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - John Holmes
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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370
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Pellicane MJ, Cooks JA, Ciesla JA. Longitudinal effects of social media experiences on depression and anxiety in LGB+ and heterosexual young adults. JOURNAL OF GAY & LESBIAN MENTAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19359705.2020.1776805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer A. Cooks
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Ciesla
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
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371
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Przepiórka A, Błachnio A, Sullman M, Gorbaniuk O, Siu NYF, Hill T, Gras ME, Kagialis A, Lisun Y, Díaz-Peñaloza M, Manrique-Millones D, Nikiforou M, Evtina GS, Taylor JE, Tekes B, Šeibokaite L, Wundersitz L, Calvo F, Font-Mayolas S. Facebook Intrusion as a Mediator Between Positive Capital and General Distress: A Cross-Cultural Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:667536. [PMID: 34220579 PMCID: PMC8245772 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.667536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Social networking sites (SNSs) play an important role in many aspects of life nowadays, and it seems to be crucial to explore their impact on human well-being and functioning. The main aim of the study was to examine the mediating role of Facebook intrusion between positive capital and general distress. Positive capital was considered as comprising self-esteem, ego-resiliency, and self-control, while general distress was seen as having three dimensions: depression, anxiety, and stress. Methods: The sample consisted of N = 4,495 participants (M = 22.96 years, SD = 5.46) from 14 countries: Australia, Cyprus, Greece, Hong Kong, Lithuania, New Zealand, Peru, Poland, Russia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, and United States. We used the following methods: the Facebook Intrusion Questionnaire (FIQ), the Self-Esteem Scale (SES), the Brief Self-Control Scale (SCS), The Ego Resiliency Revised Scale and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Results: We found that Facebook intrusion was a mediator between self-esteem and general distress and between self-control and general distress. Limitations: The present study was based on a cross-sectional study, and the measures used were self-report measures. The majority of the participants were recruited using convenience sampling. Conclusions: The present findings contribute to a better understanding on how the social media have impact on individual mental health. Implications for future studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Przepiórka
- Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agata Błachnio
- Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Mark Sullman
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Oleg Gorbaniuk
- Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.,Faculty of Psychology, University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nicolson Yat-Fan Siu
- Department of Counselling and Psychology, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tetiana Hill
- Hertfordshire Business School, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Maria-Eugenia Gras
- Department of Psychology, Quality of Life Research Institute, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Antonios Kagialis
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Yanina Lisun
- Department of Journalism and Advertising, Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Maité Díaz-Peñaloza
- Instituto de Investigación de Psicología - Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru
| | - Denisse Manrique-Millones
- Grupo de Investigación en Comunicación y Salud, Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad de Lima, Lima, Peru
| | - Militsa Nikiforou
- School of Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Larnaca, Cyprus
| | | | - Joanne E Taylor
- School of Psychology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Burcu Tekes
- Department of Psychology, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Laura Šeibokaite
- Department of Psychology, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Lisa Wundersitz
- Centre for Automotive Safety Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Fran Calvo
- Department of Pedagogy, Quality of Life Research Institute, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Font-Mayolas
- Department of Psychology, Quality of Life Research Institute, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
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372
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373
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Macrynikola N, Auad E, Menjivar J, Miranda R. Does social media use confer suicide risk? A systematic review of the evidence. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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374
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Zhang YT, Li RT, Sun XJ, Peng M, Li X. Social Media Exposure, Psychological Distress, Emotion Regulation, and Depression During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Community Samples in China. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:644899. [PMID: 34054602 PMCID: PMC8149733 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.644899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a global emergency, affecting millions of individuals both physically and psychologically. The present research investigated the associations between social media exposure and depression during the COVID-19 outbreak by examining the mediating role of psychological distress and the moderating role of emotion regulation among members of the general public in China. Participants (N = 485) completed a set of questionnaires online, including demographic information, self-rated physical health, and social media exposure to topics related to COVID-19. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) were utilized to measure psychological distress about COVID-19, depression, and emotion regulation strategies, respectively. Results found that older age and greater levels of social media exposure were associated with more psychological distress about the virus (r = 0.14, p = 0.003; r = 0.22, p < 0.001). Results of the moderated mediation model suggest that psychological distress mediated the relationship between social media exposure and depression (β = 0.10; Boot 95% CI = 0.07, 0.15). Furthermore, expressive suppression moderated the relationship between psychological distress and depression (β = 0.10, p = 0.017). The findings are discussed in terms of the need for mental health assistance for individuals at high risk of depression, including the elderly and individuals who reported greater psychological distress and those who showed preference usage of suppression, during the COVID-19 crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior Central China Normal University (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui-Ting Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior Central China Normal University (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Peng
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior Central China Normal University (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior Central China Normal University (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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375
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Suma P, Reddy VC, Krishna Kumar RVS, Gomasani S, Prathyusha V, Prasanth PS. The impact of panic spread in social media over COVID-19 on dental students of Nellore, India – A cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF INDIAN ASSOCIATION OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_56_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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376
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Hartanto A, Quek FYX, Tng GYQ, Yong JC. Does Social Media Use Increase Depressive Symptoms? A Reverse Causation Perspective. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:641934. [PMID: 33833700 PMCID: PMC8021694 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.641934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jose C Yong
- Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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377
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Abstract
Adolescents spend much of their daily lives online, and fears abound that digital technology use, and social media in particular, is harming their social and emotional development. Findings to date do not support causal or robust associations between social media use and adolescents’ development. Instead, prior studies have produced a mix of small positive, negative, and often null associations. The narrative around social media and adolescent development has been negative, but empirical support for the story of increasing deficits, disease, and disconnection is limited. This article reviews what is known about the association between social media use and adolescent social and emotional well-being, identifies key limitations in current research, and recommends ways to improve science while also minimizing risk and creating opportunities for positive development in an increasingly digital and uncertain age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice L. Odgers
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Stephen M. Schueller
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Mimi Ito
- Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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378
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Biernesser C, Montano G, Miller E, Radovic A. Social Media Use and Monitoring for Adolescents With Depression and Implications for the COVID-19 Pandemic: Qualitative Study of Parent and Child Perspectives. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2020; 3:e21644. [PMID: 33289678 PMCID: PMC7725496 DOI: 10.2196/21644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although youth report many positive experiences with social media (SM) use in their daily lives, adolescents with depression are more vulnerable to the risks of SM use than adolescents without depression. Parents protect adolescents with depression from the risks of SM use by monitoring their child's SM activity; however, this comes into conflict with the adolescent's need for autonomy in their web-based communication. The implications of SM use and monitoring for adolescents with depression and their parents are of particular relevance to the COVID-19 pandemic, as rates of SM use have increased in response to physical distancing measures. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore parent and child perspectives regarding the use and function of SM in the daily lives of adolescents with depression and parents' perceptions of and experience with monitoring their child's SM use. METHODS We conducted qualitative interviews with adolescents with depression (n=23) and one parent of each adolescent (n=23) between July 2013 and September 2014. The adolescents were patients seeking treatment for depression in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Data analysis included dyadic analysis of the adolescents' and parents' perspectives and qualitative descriptions of individual parent interviews to explore their experiences with SM use and monitoring. The construct of parental knowledge and factors hypothesized to contribute to parental knowledge, including adolescent disclosure, parental solicitation, and parental control, were used to guide the codebook and dyadic data analysis. RESULTS Dyadic analyses showed that parents and their children disagreed on the use and function of SM in the daily lives of adolescents with depression, with adolescents viewing SM as a forum for honest expression of their emotions, whereas parents felt that their children's posts were inconsequential and interfered with the adolescents' lives. Furthermore, parents reported using a wide range of strategies to gain knowledge of their child's SM use to monitor their safety on SM, including direct solicitation and indirect solicitation, such as keeping the child's passwords, asking friends or siblings about their child's SM use, and restricting SM behavior and access to devices. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should support adolescents with depression and their parents in finding common ground for an effective and acceptable monitoring approach. Resources are provided for clinicians navigating conversations about SM use and monitoring with adolescents with depression and their parents during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Biernesser
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Gerald Montano
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ana Radovic
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Center for Behavioral Health, Media, and Technology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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379
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Davis PA, Gustafsson H, Callow N, Woodman T. Written Emotional Disclosure Can Promote Athletes' Mental Health and Performance Readiness During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychol 2020; 11:599925. [PMID: 33329269 PMCID: PMC7728796 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.599925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have negatively impacted upon many athletes’ mental health and increased reports of depression as well as symptoms of anxiety. Disruptions to training and competition schedules can induce athletes’ emotional distress, while concomitant government-imposed restrictions (e.g., social isolation, quarantines) reduce the availability of athletes’ social and emotional support. Written Emotional Disclosure (WED) has been used extensively in a variety of settings with diverse populations as a means to promote emotional processing. The expressive writing protocol has been used to a limited extent in the context of sport and predominantly in support of athletes’ emotional processing during injury rehabilitation. We propose that WED offers an evidence-based treatment that can promote athletes’ mental health and support their return to competition. Research exploring the efficacy of the expressive writing protocol highlights a number of theoretical models underpinning the positive effects of WED; we outline how each of these potential mechanisms can address the multidimensional complexity of the challenging circumstances arising from the COVID-19 pandemic (e.g., loss of earnings, returning to training and competition). Considerations and strategies for using WED to support athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Davis
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Henrik Gustafsson
- Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.,Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nichola Callow
- School of Sport, Health, and Exercise Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Woodman
- School of Sport, Health, and Exercise Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
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380
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Problematic Social Media Use and Social Connectedness in Adolescence: The Mediating and Moderating Role of Family Life Satisfaction. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00410-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractProblematic social media use (PSMU) among adolescents has become an area of increasing research interest in recent years. It is known that PSMU is negatively associated with social connectedness. The present study examined the role of family life satisfaction in this relationship by investigating its mediating and moderating role in the relationship between problematic social use and social connectedness. The present study comprised 549 adolescents (296 girls and 253 boys) who had used social media for at least 1 year and had at least one social media account. The measures used included the Social Media Disorder Scale, Social Connectedness Scale, and Family Life Satisfaction Scale. Mediation and moderation analyses were performed using Hayes’s Process program. Regression analysis showed that PSMU negatively predicted family life satisfaction and social connectedness. In addition, family life satisfaction and PSMU predicted social connectedness. Mediation analysis showed that family life satisfaction had a significant mediation effect in the relationship between PSMU and social connectedness. Family life satisfaction was partially mediated in the relationship between PSMU and social connectedness. Moderation analysis showed that family life satisfaction did not have a significant effect on the relationship between PSMU and social connectedness. The study suggests that family life satisfaction is a meaningful mediator (but not a moderator) in the relationship between problematic social media use and social connectedness.
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381
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Cuschieri S, Mamo J. Are normoglycaemic individuals at risk of depression? The depression-dysglycaemic phenotype from a European population-based cross-sectional study. Arch Public Health 2020; 78:111. [PMID: 33292589 PMCID: PMC7648417 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-020-00495-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a chronic non communicable disease. It is a growing public health concern with established links with a number of co-morbidities, including diabetes mellitus. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression at a population level, establish the depression sub-population phenotypic characteristics while exploring for links between depression and a spectrum of glycemic abnormalities. METHODS A nationally representative cross-sectional study was conducted in Malta between 2014 and 2016. Participants were categorized into different sub-populations according to their glycaemic status. Depression prevalence rates and phenotypic characteristics for each sub-population were established. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify links with depression. RESULTS Depression was prevalent in 17.15% (CI 95%: 16.01-18.36) with a female predominance. Those with known (as opposed to newly diagnosed) diabetes had the highest depression prevalence when compared to other glycemic sub-groups. These also exhibited a significant link with self-reported depression. However, at a population level, depression was mostly prevalent within the normoglycaemic sub-population. CONCLUSIONS The study confirms the strong link between diabetes and depression, especially, in a high risk dysglycaemic population. Of public health concern is the high depression occurrence within the normoglycaemic sub-population, which attributed for the majority of the Maltese population. In order to reduce the impact of mental health on the population, physicians may consider implementing depression screening clinical tools as part of their routine health check-ups at primary care level, irrespective of the glycaemic status of their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cuschieri
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080 Malta
| | - Julian Mamo
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
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382
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Touitou Y, Point S. Effects and mechanisms of action of light-emitting diodes on the human retina and internal clock. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 190:109942. [PMID: 32758719 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
White light-emitting diodes (LEDs) will likely become the most used lighting devices worldwide in the future because of their very low prices over the course of their long lifespans which can be up to several tens of thousands of hours. The expansion of LED use in both urban and domestic lighting has prompted questions regarding their possible health effects, because the light that they provide is potentially high in the harmful blue band (400-500 nm) of the visible light spectrum. Research on the potential effects of LEDs and their blue band on human health has followed three main directions: 1) examining their retinal phototoxicity; 2) examining disruption of the internal clock, i.e., an out-of-sync clock, in shift workers and night workers, including the accompanying health issues, most concerningly an increased relative risk of cancer; and 3) examining risky, inappropriate late-night use of smartphones and consoles among children and adolescents. Here, we document the recognized or potential health issues associated with LED lighting together with their underlying mechanisms of action. There is so far no evidence that LED lighting is deleterious to human retina under normal use. However, exposure to artificial light at night is a new source of pollution because it affects the circadian clock. Blue-rich light, including cold white LEDs, should be considered a new endocrine disruptor, because it affects estrogen secretion and has unhealthful consequences in women, as demonstrated to occur via a complex mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Touitou
- Unité de Chronobiologie, Fondation A. de Rothschild, 75019, Paris, France.
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383
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Olagoke AA, Olagoke OO, Hughes AM. Exposure to coronavirus news on mainstream media: The role of risk perceptions and depression. Br J Health Psychol 2020; 25:865-874. [PMID: 32415914 PMCID: PMC7267047 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mainstream media tend to rely on news content that will increase risk perceptions of pandemic outbreaks to stimulate public response and persuade people to comply with preventive behaviours. The objective of this study was to examine associations between exposure to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) news, risk perceptions, and depressive symptoms. METHODS Cross-sectional data were collected from 501 participants who were ≥18 years. Exposure to COVID-19 news was assessed as our exposure variable. We screened for depression (outcome variable) with the Patient Health Questionnaire and examined the roles of risk perceptions. Multiple linear regressions and mediation analysis with 1000 bootstrap resamples were conducted. RESULTS Participants were 55.29% female, 67.86% White with mean age 32.44 ± 11.94 years. After controlling for sociodemographic and socio-economic factors, news exposure was positively associated with depressive symptoms β = .11; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.02-0.20. Mediation analysis showed that perceived vulnerability to COVID-19 mediated 34.4% of this relationship (β = .04; 95%CI = 0.01-0.06). CONCLUSION Perceived vulnerability to COVID-19 can serve as a pathway through which exposure to COVID-19 news on mainstream media may be associated with depressive symptoms. Based on our findings, we offered recommendations for media-health partnership, practice, and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayokunle A. Olagoke
- Division of Community Health SciencesSchool of Public HealthUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Olakanmi O. Olagoke
- Department of Internal MedicineJohn H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook CountyChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Ashley M. Hughes
- Department of Biomedical and Health Information SciencesCollege of Applied Health SciencesUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Center of Innovations in Chronic and Complex HealthcareEdward Hines JR VA Medical CenterIllinoisUSA
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384
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Piteo EM, Ward K. Review: Social networking sites and associations with depressive and anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents - a systematic review. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2020; 25:201-216. [PMID: 33118256 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given social networking sites (SNSs) have become a pervasive part of culture; it is critical to understand the ways in which they may be advantageous or detrimental to the mental health of young people. This systematic narrative review examined the relationships between SNS and depressive and anxiety symptoms in the child and adolescent population (5-18 years). METHODS Four databases were searched, and all articles between January 2005 and March 2019 were identified. RESULTS Increased time spent or frequency of SNS use, and problematic and addictive behaviour on SNS were significantly associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. Two cross-sectional studies found that increased time spent or frequency of SNS use and higher levels of investment on SNS were significantly associated with higher levels of anxiety symptoms. However, other potential confounding factors could explain the relationship between SNS and depressive and anxiety symptoms, including perceived social support, social comparison and fear of missing out (FoMO). CONCLUSIONS While there is evidence that there is a relationship between SNS and anxiety and depressive symptoms, the effect size tends to be small and informed by studies of poor quality. Therefore, results should be interpreted cautiously. Methodological issues in conceptualising SNS complicated the findings. Future studies should explore the various conditions by which SNS may either interfere or enhance the development of emotional regulation in young people. These findings help to inform clinicians and educators in targeting vulnerable young people who are at risk of developing mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Marie Piteo
- School of Arts and Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Aquinas College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kelly Ward
- School of Arts and Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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385
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Hajek A, König HH. Prevalence and Correlates of Individuals Screening Positive for Depression and Anxiety on the PHQ-4 in the German General Population: Findings from the Nationally Representative German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E7865. [PMID: 33121023 PMCID: PMC7662232 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to estimate the prevalence and correlates of probable depression and anxiety in the general adult population in Germany. Repeated cross-sectional data (i.e., cross-sectional data observed at different time points: year 2012 and year 2014) were derived from the innovation sample of the German Socio-Economic Panel, a population-based study of German households. The validated Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) was used to measure probable depression and anxiety. In the analytical sample, n equaled 2952 individuals. According to the PHQ-4 cut-off values, 10.4% of the individuals had probable depression and 9.8% of the individuals had probable anxiety. Regressions revealed that the likelihood of depression was positively associated with lower age (OR: 0.98 (95% CI: 0.98-0.99)), being unmarried (and living together with spouse) (OR: 0.75 (0.58-0.98)), worse self-rated health (OR: 1.99 (1.73-2.27)), and more chronic diseases (OR: 1.18 (1.07-1.31)). Furthermore, the likelihood of anxiety was positively associated with being female (OR: 1.36 (95% CI: 1.04-1.76)), lower age (OR: 0.98 (95% CI: 0.97-0.99)), low education (medium education, OR: 0.69 (0.50-0.95)), worse self-rated health (OR: 2.00 (1.74-2.30)), and more chronic diseases (OR: 1.15 (1.03-1.27)). The magnitude of depression and anxiety was highlighted. Clinicians should be aware of the factors associated with probable depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Hajek
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
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386
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Ostendorf S, Müller SM, Brand M. Neglecting Long-Term Risks: Self-Disclosure on Social Media and Its Relation to Individual Decision-Making Tendencies and Problematic Social-Networks-Use. Front Psychol 2020; 11:543388. [PMID: 33192787 PMCID: PMC7653023 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.543388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Social media including social-networking sites (SNS) encourage people to disclose personal information via profiles and posts. It is assumed that positive short-term effects and immediate feedback (e.g., getting Likes) have a rewarding nature and may complicate the rational weighing of possible negative long-term consequences related to self-disclosure. Dual-process theories assume risky behaviors to result from more impulsive/short-term oriented compared to reflective/long-term oriented decision making. The current laboratory study investigates whether the extent of online self-disclosure is explained by the general tendency to choose short-term rewards by neglecting long-term risks as well as by tendencies toward a problematic social-networks-use. Participants (N = 88) were asked to log into their Facebook account to answer questions about their actual self-disclosing behavior. Furthermore, they performed an experimental decision-making task and answered a questionnaire assessing problematic social-networks-use. The quantity of self-disclosure via posts was negatively associated with advantageous decision making and positively with tendencies toward a problematic social-networks-use. The findings indicate that high self-disclosure via posts is associated with a general tendency to neglect long-term risks. Moreover, a problematic social-networks-use can additionally increase individual's self-disclosure via posts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Ostendorf
- Department of General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg–Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Silke M. Müller
- Department of General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg–Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Brand
- Department of General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg–Essen, Duisburg, Germany
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, Germany
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387
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Al Omari O, Al Sabei S, Al Rawajfah O, Abu Sharour L, Aljohani K, Alomari K, Shkman L, Al Dameery K, Saifan A, Al Zubidi B, Anwar S, Alhalaiqa F. Prevalence and Predictors of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among Youth at the Time of COVID-19: An Online Cross-Sectional Multicountry Study. DEPRESSION RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2020; 2020:8887727. [PMID: 33062331 PMCID: PMC7537692 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8887727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are prevalent mental illnesses among young people. Crisis like the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may increase the current prevalence of these illnesses. A cross-sectional, descriptive design was used to (1) explore the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among youth and (2) identify to what extent certain variables related to COVID-19 could predict depression, anxiety, and stress (DAS) among young people in six different countries. Participants were requested to complete an online survey including demographics and the DAS scale. A total of 1,057 participants from Oman (n = 155), Saudi Arabia (n = 121), Jordan (n = 332), Iraq (n = 117), United Arab Emirates (n = 147), and Egypt (n = 182) completed the study. The total prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was 57%, 40.5%, and 38.1%, respectively, with no significant differences between countries. Significant predictors of stress, anxiety, and depression were being female, being in contact with a friend and/or a family member with mental illness, being quarantined for 14 days, and using the internet. In conclusion, COVID-19 is an epidemiological crisis that is casting a shadow on youths' DAS. The restrictions and prolonged lockdowns imposed by COVID-19 are negatively impacting their level of DAS. Healthcare organisations, in collaboration with various sectors, are recommended to apply psychological first aid and design appropriate educational programmes to improve the mental health of youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Al Omari
- Sultan Qaboos University, College of Nursing, Muscat, Oman
- Curtin University, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Omar Al Rawajfah
- Sultan Qaboos University, College of Nursing, Muscat, Oman
- College of Nursing, Al al-Bayt University, Jordan
| | - Loai Abu Sharour
- ALZaytoonah University of Jordan, College of Nursing, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Khaled Alomari
- Sultan Qaboos University, College of Nursing, Muscat, Oman
| | - Lina Shkman
- Sultan Qaboos University, College of Nursing, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Ahmed Saifan
- Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Samh Anwar
- Alexandria University, College of Nursing, Alexandria, Egypt
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388
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Das-Friebel A, Lenneis A, Realo A, Sanborn A, Tang NKY, Wolke D, von Mühlenen A, Lemola S. Bedtime social media use, sleep, and affective wellbeing in young adults: an experience sampling study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2020; 61:1138-1149. [PMID: 32924153 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Findings from primarily cross-sectional studies have linked more extensive social media use to poorer sleep and affective wellbeing among adolescents and young adults. This study examined bedtime social media use, sleep, and affective wellbeing, using an experience sampling methodology with the aim of establishing a day-to-day temporal link between the variables. The study hypothesized a positive association between increased bedtime social media use and lower affective wellbeing the following day, mediated by poorer sleep. METHODS Using a smartphone application, 101 undergraduate students (Mage = 19.70 years, SD = 1.09 years), completed daily questionnaires assessing the previous night's bedtime social media use and sleep duration and satisfaction (one measurement per day, questionnaire sent at 08:00), and momentary affective wellbeing (five measurements per day, at randomly varying times between 08:00 and 22:00 on weekdays and 10:00 and 22:00 on weekends), for 14 consecutive days. Objective assessments of total sleep time and sleep efficiency were obtained via wrist-worn actigraphs. By means of separate multilevel models, it was tested whether increased bedtime social media use predicted poorer sleep the same night, whether poorer sleep was predictive of positive and negative affect the following day, and whether sleep mediated the relationship between social media use and affective wellbeing. RESULTS Increased bedtime social media use was not associated with poorer sleep the same night. Apart from subjective sleep satisfaction, no other sleep variable (i.e., subjective sleep duration, objective total sleep time and objective sleep efficiency) predicted positive or negative affect the following day. CONCLUSIONS This study found that bedtime social media use is not detrimental to the sleep and affective wellbeing of healthy young adults. However, it is possible that bedtime social media use may be harmful to the sleep of vulnerable individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anita Lenneis
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Anu Realo
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Adam Sanborn
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Nicole K Y Tang
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Dieter Wolke
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Sakari Lemola
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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389
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Lisitsa E, Benjamin KS, Chun SK, Skalisky J, Hammond LE, Mezulis AH. LONELINESS AMONG YOUNG ADULTS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: THE MEDIATIONAL ROLES OF SOCIAL MEDIA USE AND SOCIAL SUPPORT SEEKING. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2020.39.8.708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing and shelter-at-home have become necessary for public health and safety in the United States. This period of social isolation may be a risk factor for mental health problems, particularly among young adults for whom rates of loneliness are already high. Young adults also engage in more social media use than other age groups, a form of socialization associated with adverse effects on mental health, including loneliness and depression. Methods: The current study examined potential mediating roles of social media use and social support seeking on the relationship between age and loneliness symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants included 1,674 adults who completed an online survey regarding depressive symptoms, loneliness, coping strategies, and changes to their daily lives as a result of the pandemic. Results: Results indicated that young adults were lonelier than older adults during the pandemic, showed a greater increase in social media use, and lower social support seeking. Higher increases in social media use and lower social support seeking mediated the relationship between age group and loneliness. Discussion: Findings are discussed in context of prior research and potential effects of stress and isolation during the pandemic. Clinical implications and suggestions for intervention are elaborated.
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390
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Social media use, economic recession and income inequality in relation to trends in youth suicide in high-income countries: a time trends analysis. J Affect Disord 2020; 275:58-65. [PMID: 32658824 PMCID: PMC7397515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide rates have risen in young people in several high-income countries over the last decade. Reasons for the increases are unclear. METHODS We analysed trends in suicide rates in 15-24 year olds over the period 2000-2017 in high-income countries with populations >20 million using Joinpoint analysis. We investigated differences in the following population-level exposures between countries that are and are not experiencing suicide rates rises: 1) 2008 economic recession as indexed by changes in GDP; 2) Gini income inequality; 3) daily social media use. RESULTS Four of the 11 countries studied are experiencing youth suicide rate rises: Australia, Canada, the UK, the USA. The year the increase began ranged from 2003 (95% confidence interval: 2002, 2007) in the UK to 2009 (95% CI: 2007, 2012) in Australia. There was little evidence of an association between social media use and youth suicide trends, and inconsistent evidence regarding the impact of the 2008 economic recession. Suicide rate rises were seen in countries with higher GDP per capita (Wilcoxon rank sum (WRS) z=-2.27; p=0.02) and income inequality (WRS z=-2.45; p=0.01) in 2008. LIMITATIONS Suicide data were only available until 2016/2017. Social media and income inequality data were not available for all study years. The effect of other important factors were not investigated due to a lack of comparable data. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses indicate that the most populous high-income countries experiencing a rise in youth suicide rates are predominantly English-speaking, with higher levels of income inequality and GDP. These findings provide preliminary evidence regarding possible contributory factors to guide further research.
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391
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Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Prevalence and associated factors of psychological distress among a national sample of in-school adolescents in Morocco. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:475. [PMID: 32993597 PMCID: PMC7526246 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02888-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of the study was to estimate the prevalence and correlates of psychological distress among adolescent school children in Morocco. METHODS Nationally representative cross-sectional data were analysed from 6745 adolescents (15 years median age) that responded to questions on a two-item measure of psychological distress from "2016 Morocco Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS)." RESULTS The prevalence of psychological distress was 23.3, 18.0% among males and 29.2% among females. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, female sex, older age, bullying victimization, infrequently physically attacked, frequent participation in physical fights, having no close friends, frequent experience of hunger, parental emotional neglect, parental disrespect of privacy, school truancy, sedentary behaviour and having sustained a single or multiple serious injuries (past year) were associated with psychological distress. In addition, in unadjusted analysis, low peer support, parents never check homework, exposure to passive smoking, substance use (current tobacco use, current cannabis use and ever used amphetamine), frequent soft drink and frequent fast food consumption were positively and fruit and vegetable intake was negatively associated with psychological distress. CONCLUSION Almost one in four students reported psychological distress and several associated factors were identified which can aid prevention and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supa Pengpid
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand ,grid.411732.20000 0001 2105 2799Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Department of Psychology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
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392
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Design for Sustained Wellbeing through Positive Activities—A Multi-Stage Framework. MULTIMODAL TECHNOLOGIES AND INTERACTION 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/mti4040071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a framework that conceptualizes a multi-stage process through which technology can promote sustained wellbeing. Intentional wellbeing-enhancing activities form the centerpiece linking direct product interaction to, ultimately, wellbeing. The framework was developed following a bottom-up–top-down approach by integrating theoretical knowledge from positive psychology, behavioral science and human–computer interaction (HCI)/design with empirical insights. We outline (a) the framework, (b) its five main stages including their multidisciplinary theoretical foundations, (c) relations between these stages and (d) specific elements that further describe each stage. The paper illustrates how the framework was developed and elaborates three major areas of application: (design) research, design strategies and measurement approaches. With this work, we aim to provide actionable guidance for researchers and IT practitioners to understand and design technologies that foster sustained wellbeing.
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393
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Social Networks Consumption and Addiction in College Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Educational Approach to Responsible Use. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12187737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Within the framework of digital sustainability, the increase in Internet consumption, and especially online social networks, offers social benefits, but is not without its drawbacks. For example, it can lead to psychological and/or psychiatric disorders in some people. Numerous researches are highlighting the similarities of these addictions with the consumption of toxic substances. University students are heavy users of the Internet and, in certain situations, addiction to online social networks can be the result of depression, harassment, and anxiety, among others, affecting their daily life, including their academic responsibilities. In recent months, an anomaly has occurred that may have contributed to intensifying this problem, namely the confinement produced by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has affected the whole world to a greater or lesser extent. In this cross-sectional study, with a descriptive and quantitative methodology, students from 14 Spanish universities were investigated in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in order to understand the effects of this situation on the problem described. The results show a high consumption of social networks during that time, with significant incidences of addiction. In parallel, the presence of comorbidity has been determined. In this scenario, it would be necessary to implement university educational programs to redirect these addictive behaviors, as well as preventative recommendations and actions to minimize negative impacts. This is a major problem that is growing, exacerbated by the global pandemic produced by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Situations of this gravity call for the development of preventive and educational measures for the responsible and sustainable use of ICT.
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394
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Lin SY, Eaton NR, Schleider JL. Unpacking Associations between Mood Symptoms and Screen Time in Preadolescents: a Network Analysis. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 48:1635-1647. [PMID: 32926284 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-020-00703-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence highlights the link between screen time and adolescent mood problems. However, there are several shortcomings to the extant literature: (1) this link is underexplored in preadolescents, (2) most existing studies look at mood problems using categorical diagnoses rather than from a symptom-level perspective, despite the heterogeneity within mood disorders, (3) few studies have simultaneously examined the links of mood symptoms with different types of screen time, and (4) family/child-level factors that have shown links to youth psychopathology are not typically considered. This study, for the first time, examined the relationships of mood symptoms with different types of screen time, while accounting for theoretically important factors-parental monitoring and the behavioral inhibition/activation systems (BIS/BAS)-in preadolescents aged 9 to 10 from 9986 families participating in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study. Using mixed graphical models, we found that screen time involving age-inappropriate content was stably and significantly associated with various elevated mood symptoms, independent from other types of screen time, BIS/BAS, and parental monitoring. Additionally, age-inappropriate screen time was associated with increased overall symptom connectivity. Further, preadolescents engaged in high levels of age-inappropriate screen time reported different symptom profiles (i.e., differences in symptom centralities) from common pediatric mood problems. Our findings underline the multifaceted role (i.e., direct associations with symptoms, a moderator for symptom relationships, associations with distinct symptom profiles) of age-inappropriate screen time in preadolescent mood problems. These findings serve as foundations for future research that may facilitate early detection of preadolescents at risk of mood problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Ying Lin
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
| | - Nicholas R Eaton
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Jessica L Schleider
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
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395
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Guessoum SB, Lachal J, Radjack R, Carretier E, Minassian S, Benoit L, Moro MR. Adolescent psychiatric disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. Psychiatry Res 2020; 291:113264. [PMID: 32622172 PMCID: PMC7323662 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 511] [Impact Index Per Article: 127.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to review the literature on adolescent psychiatric disorders related to the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. Stressful life events, extended home confinement, brutal grief, intrafamilial violence, overuse of the Internet and social media are factors that could influence the mental health of adolescents during this period. The COVID-19 pandemic could result in increased psychiatric disorders such as Post-Traumatic Stress, Depressive, and Anxiety Disorders, as well as grief-related symptoms. Adolescents with psychiatric disorders are at risk of a break or change in their care and management; they may experience increased symptoms. The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown may have a negative impact on the mental health of adolescents, although there is still no data on the long term impact of this crisis. Adolescents' individual, familial, and social vulnerability, as well as individual and familial coping abilities, are factors related to adolescent mental health in times of crisis. Adolescents are often vulnerable and require careful consideration by caregivers and healthcare system adaptations to allow for mental health support despite the lockdown. Research on adolescent psychiatric disorders in times of pandemics is necessary, as such a global situation could be prolonged or repeated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sélim Benjamin Guessoum
- Greater Paris University Hospital, University Hospital Cochin, Maison des Adolescents - Youth Department, F-75014 Paris, France; University of Paris, PCPP, F-92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, F-94807, Villejuif, France.
| | - Jonathan Lachal
- Greater Paris University Hospital, University Hospital Cochin, Maison des Adolescents - Youth Department, F-75014 Paris, France; University of Paris, PCPP, F-92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, F-94807, Villejuif, France
| | - Rahmeth Radjack
- Greater Paris University Hospital, University Hospital Cochin, Maison des Adolescents - Youth Department, F-75014 Paris, France; University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, F-94807, Villejuif, France
| | - Emilie Carretier
- Greater Paris University Hospital, University Hospital Cochin, Maison des Adolescents - Youth Department, F-75014 Paris, France; University of Paris, PCPP, F-92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, F-94807, Villejuif, France
| | - Sevan Minassian
- Greater Paris University Hospital, University Hospital Cochin, Maison des Adolescents - Youth Department, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Laelia Benoit
- Greater Paris University Hospital, University Hospital Cochin, Maison des Adolescents - Youth Department, F-75014 Paris, France; University of Paris, PCPP, F-92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, F-94807, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie Rose Moro
- Greater Paris University Hospital, University Hospital Cochin, Maison des Adolescents - Youth Department, F-75014 Paris, France; University of Paris, PCPP, F-92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, F-94807, Villejuif, France
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396
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Arias-de la Torre J, Puigdomenech E, García X, Valderas JM, Eiroa-Orosa FJ, Fernández-Villa T, Molina AJ, Martín V, Serrano-Blanco A, Alonso J, Espallargues M. Relationship Between Depression and the Use of Mobile Technologies and Social Media Among Adolescents: Umbrella Review. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e16388. [PMID: 32663157 PMCID: PMC7481866 DOI: 10.2196/16388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the relevance of mobile technologies and social media (MTSM) for adolescents, their association with depressive disorders in this population remains unclear. While there are previous reviews that have identified the use of MTSM as a risk factor for developing depression, other reviews have indicated their possible preventive effect. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to synthesize the current evidence on the association between MTSM use and the development or prevention of depressive disorders in adolescents. METHODS An umbrella review was conducted using information published up to June 2019 from PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library. Systematic reviews focusing on the adolescent population (up to 20 years old) and depression and its potential relationship with MTSM use were included. Screening of titles, abstracts, and full texts was performed. After selecting the reviews and given the heterogeneity of the outcome variables and exposures, a narrative synthesis of the results was carried out. RESULTS The search retrieved 338 documents, from which 7 systematic reviews (3 meta-analyses) were selected for data extraction. There were 11-70 studies and 5582-46,015 participants included in the 7 reviews. All reviews included quantitative research, and 2 reviews also included qualitative studies. A statistically significant association between social media and developing depressive symptoms was reported in 2 reviews, while 5 reviews reported mixed results. CONCLUSIONS Excessive social comparison and personal involvement when using MTSM could be associated with the development of depressive symptomatology. Nevertheless, MTSM might promote social support and even become a point of assistance for people with depression. Due to the mixed results, prospective research could be valuable for providing stronger evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Arias-de la Torre
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain.,Agency for Health Quality and Assessment of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Leon, Leon, Spain
| | - Elisa Puigdomenech
- Agency for Health Quality and Assessment of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.,Health Services and Chronic Diseases Research Network, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier García
- Agency for Health Quality and Assessment of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose M Valderas
- Health Services and Policy Research Group, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco Jose Eiroa-Orosa
- Section of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Vicente Martín
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Leon, Leon, Spain
| | - Antoni Serrano-Blanco
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain.,Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Alonso
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain.,Health Services Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Espallargues
- Agency for Health Quality and Assessment of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.,Health Services and Chronic Diseases Research Network, Barcelona, Spain
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397
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Social Media Use and Depressive Symptoms-A Longitudinal Study from Early to Late Adolescence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17165921. [PMID: 32824057 PMCID: PMC7459880 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have addressed how adolescents’ social media use is associated with depressive symptoms. However, few studies have examined whether these links occur longitudinally across adolescence when examined at the individual level of development. This study investigated the within-person effects between active social media use and depressive symptoms using a five-wave longitudinal dataset gathered from 2891 Finnish adolescents (42.7% male, age range 13–19 years). Sensitivity analysis was conducted, adjusting for gender and family financial status. The results indicate that depressive symptoms predicted small increases in active social media use during both early and late adolescence, whereas no evidence of the reverse relationship was found. Yet, the associations were very small, statistically weak, and somewhat inconsistent over time. The results provide support for the growing notion that the previously reported direct links between social media use and depressive symptoms might be exaggerated. Based on these findings, we suggest that the impact of social media on adolescents’ well-being should be approached through methodological assumptions that focus on individual-level development.
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398
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Schønning V, Hjetland GJ, Aarø LE, Skogen JC. Social Media Use and Mental Health and Well-Being Among Adolescents - A Scoping Review. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1949. [PMID: 32922333 PMCID: PMC7457037 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Social media has become an integrated part of daily life, with an estimated 3 billion social media users worldwide. Adolescents and young adults are the most active users of social media. Research on social media has grown rapidly, with the potential association of social media use and mental health and well-being becoming a polarized and much-studied subject. The current body of knowledge on this theme is complex and difficult-to-follow. The current paper presents a scoping review of the published literature in the research field of social media use and its association with mental health and well-being among adolescents. Methods and Analysis: First, relevant databases were searched for eligible studies with a vast range of relevant search terms for social media use and mental health and well-being over the past five years. Identified studies were screened thoroughly and included or excluded based on prior established criteria. Data from the included studies were extracted and summarized according to the previously published study protocol. Results: Among the 79 studies that met our inclusion criteria, the vast majority (94%) were quantitative, with a cross-sectional design (57%) being the most common study design. Several studies focused on different aspects of mental health, with depression (29%) being the most studied aspect. Almost half of the included studies focused on use of non-specified social network sites (43%). Of specified social media, Facebook (39%) was the most studied social network site. The most used approach to measuring social media use was frequency and duration (56%). Participants of both genders were included in most studies (92%) but seldom examined as an explanatory variable. 77% of the included studies had social media use as the independent variable. Conclusion: The findings from the current scoping review revealed that about 3/4 of the included studies focused on social media and some aspect of pathology. Focus on the potential association between social media use and positive outcomes seems to be rarer in the current literature. Amongst the included studies, few separated between different forms of (inter)actions on social media, which are likely to be differentially associated with mental health and well-being outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Schønning
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Leif Edvard Aarø
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jens Christoffer Skogen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Alcohol and Drug Research Western Norway, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
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399
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García Del Castillo JA, García Del Castillo-López Á, Dias PC, García-Castillo F. Social networks as tools for the prevention and promotion of health among youth. PSICOLOGIA-REFLEXAO E CRITICA 2020; 33:13. [PMID: 32671490 PMCID: PMC7363753 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-020-00150-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of information and communication technologies (ICT) has generated a number of research questions, related to their use and potential risk, but also potentials for prevention or health promotion. Online social networks have become an important source of information for users as well as a tool for social relations. As traditional social networks, they can act as vehicles to improve the health of adolescents and youth, as well as play a key role in an educational context. The aim of this work is then to explore the theoretical relevance of ICT, particularly on online social networks, on disease prevention and health promotion of communicable diseases. Literature review points out the role of online social networks, particularly in the field of sexual health, body image, especially eating habits and overweight, as well as smoking and alcohol dependence. Data allow us to understand how online social network behavior and interaction is related to their burden and interventions developed in sexual health and addiction show positive results. More efforts in body image are needed in order to use these tools for prevention and promotion of health from early age.
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400
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Ferguson CJ. Links between screen use and depressive symptoms in adolescents over 16 years: Is there evidence for increased harm? Dev Sci 2020; 24:e13008. [PMID: 32573926 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent scholarship has been divided on whether an observed increase in suicides in the United States among teenagers and preteens (12-18) can be attributed to an increased use in social screen media beginning in 2009. If these concerns are accurate effect sizes for the relationship between screen use and suicide should increase over the 16 years since 2001. The current study used the Florida Youth Risk Behavior Survey data (n = 45,992) from 2001 to 2017, to track effect sizes for screen/depression correlations, controlling for age and gender. A second dataset from the UK Understanding Society dataset (ns for each wave ranged between 3,536 and 4,850) was used to study associations between time spent on social media and emotional problems. Metaregression was be used to examine whether effect sizes increase across time. Results generally did not support the hypothesis that effect sizes between screen and social media use are increasing over time. Aside from the trends over time, for any given year, most effect sizes were below the r = .10 threshold used for interpretation with the exception of computer use which was just at that threshold. It is concluded that screens and social media use are unlikely to bear major responsibility for youth suicide trends. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=76S7cxiaU88.
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