401
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Nicolaou K, Chen J, Edmonds D, Estrada A. Fortschritte in der Chemie und Biologie natürlicher Antibiotika. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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402
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Racine E, Py S. Tandem SmI2-induced nitrone β-elimination/aldol-type reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:3385-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b910486k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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403
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Ovens C, Vogel JC, Martin NG, Procter DJ. Intramolecular aryl transfer to thionium ions in an approach to α-arylacetamides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:3101-3. [DOI: 10.1039/b904577e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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404
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Xiang YG, Wang XW, Zheng X, Ruan YP, Huang PQ. One-pot cross-coupling of N-acyl N,O-acetals with α,β-unsaturated compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:7045-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b915488d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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405
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Helm MD, Da Silva M, Sucunza D, Findley TJK, Procter DJ. A dialdehyde cyclization cascade: an approach to pleuromutilin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:9315-7. [PMID: 19902447 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200905490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Helm
- The School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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406
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Wu SF, Zheng X, Ruan YP, Huang PQ. A new approach to 3-hydroxyprolinol derivatives by samarium diiodide-mediated reductive coupling of chiral nitrone with carbonyl compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:2967-75. [DOI: 10.1039/b906224f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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407
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Abstract
Introduced by Henri Kagan more than three decades ago, samarium diiodide (SmI(2)) has found increasing application in chemical synthesis. This single-electron reducing agent has been particularly useful in C-C bond formations, including those found in total synthesis endeavors. This Review highlights selected applications of SmI(2) in total synthesis, with special emphasis on novel transformations and mechanistic considerations. The examples discussed are both illustrative of the power of this reagent in the construction of complex molecules and inspirational for the design of synthetic strategies toward such targets, both natural and designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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408
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Nicolaou KC, Chen JS, Edmonds DJ, Estrada AA. Recent advances in the chemistry and biology of naturally occurring antibiotics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:660-719. [PMID: 19130444 PMCID: PMC2730216 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Ever since the world-shaping discovery of penicillin, nature's molecular diversity has been extensively screened for new medications and lead compounds in drug discovery. The search for agents intended to combat infectious diseases has been of particular interest and has enjoyed a high degree of success. Indeed, the history of antibiotics is marked with impressive discoveries and drug-development stories, the overwhelming majority of which have their origin in natural products. Chemistry, and in particular chemical synthesis, has played a major role in bringing naturally occurring antibiotics and their derivatives to the clinic, and no doubt these disciplines will continue to be key enabling technologies. In this review article, we highlight a number of recent discoveries and advances in the chemistry, biology, and medicine of naturally occurring antibiotics, with particular emphasis on total synthesis, analogue design, and biological evaluation of molecules with novel mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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409
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Miller M, Vogel JC, Tsang W, Merrit A, Procter DJ. Formation of N-heterocycles by the reaction of thiols with glyoxamides: exploring a connective Pummerer-type cyclisation. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 7:589-97. [PMID: 19156326 DOI: 10.1039/b816608k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of thiols with glyoxamides provides a convenient method for the generation of thionium ions and the initiation of Pummerer-type reactions. When the glyoxamides contain tethered aromatic nucleophiles, N-heterocycles are formed by a thionium ion cyclisation. The scope and mechanism of the connective Pummerer-type process has been investigated using a range of thiols, Lewis acids and both mono- and bis-glyoxamides. The utility of the process has been illustrated in a synthesis of the indoloquinoline natural product, neocryptolepine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Miller
- School of Chemistry, Oxford Road, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UKM13 9PL
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410
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Elamparuthi E, Kim BG, Yin J, Maurer M, Linker T. Cerium(IV)-mediated C–C bond formations in carbohydrate chemistry. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.08.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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411
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Vogel JC, Butler R, Procter DJ. An asymmetric, SmI2-mediated approach to γ-butyrolactones using a new, fluorous-tagged auxiliary. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.08.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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412
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Taaning RH, Thim L, Karaffa J, Campaña AG, Hansen AM, Skrydstrup T. SmI2-promoted intra- and intermolecular C–C bond formation with chiral N-acyl oxazolidinones. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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413
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Marcelo F, Jiménez-Barbero J, Marrot J, Rauter A, Sinaÿ P, Blériot Y. Stereochemical Assignment and First Synthesis of the Core of Miharamycin Antibiotics. Chemistry 2008; 14:10066-73. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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414
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Nagano T, Motoyoshiya J, Kakehi A, Nishii Y. SmI2-Promoted Reformatsky-Type Reaction and Acylation of Alkyl 1-Chlorocyclopropanecarboxylates. Org Lett 2008; 10:5453-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ol8022038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takao Nagano
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Jiro Motoyoshiya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Akikazu Kakehi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Nishii
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
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415
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Teprovich JA, Antharjanam PKS, Prasad E, Pesciotta EN, Flowers RA. Generation of SmIIReductants Using High Intensity Ultrasound. Eur J Inorg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200800876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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416
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Liu Y, Zhang F, Qi Y, Zhang Y, Zhang S. Transformation ofgem-Dicyanoethenes by Samarium: Direct Formation of Indenes or Direct Decyanation with in Situ Disilylation. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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417
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Nicolaou K, Zhang H, Ortiz A, Dagneau P. Total Synthesis of the Originally Assigned Structure of Vannusal B. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200804228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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418
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Farran H, Hoz S. Quantifying the Electrostatic Driving Force behind SmI2 Reductions. Org Lett 2008; 10:4875-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol8019692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hani Farran
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900 Israel
| | - Shmaryahu Hoz
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900 Israel
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419
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Kise N, Mano T, Sakurai T. Electroreductive Intramolecular Coupling of 1-Indolealkanones. Org Lett 2008; 10:4617-20. [DOI: 10.1021/ol801876k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kise
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Koyama, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Mano
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Koyama, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Koyama, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
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420
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Guazzelli G, Duffy LA, Procter DJ. A Samarium(II)-Mediated, Stereoselective Cyclization for the Synthesis of Azaspirocycles. Org Lett 2008; 10:4291-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ol8017209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuditta Guazzelli
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Lorna A. Duffy
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - David J. Procter
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
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421
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Sun XW, Wang W, Xu MH, Lin GQ. Samarium diiodide-promoted electrophilic amination of ketone enolates: efficient synthesis of quaternary carbon-containing α-aminated ketones. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.07.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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422
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Baker TM, Edmonds DJ, Hamilton D, O'Brien CJ, Procter DJ. Synthesis and reactions of the pestalotiopsin skeleton. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:5631-3. [PMID: 18574840 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Baker
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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423
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Waalboer D, Schaapman M, van Delft F, Rutjes F. High-Pressure Entry into Platencin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200802912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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424
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Waalboer D, Schaapman M, van Delft F, Rutjes F. High-Pressure Entry into Platencin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:6576-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200802912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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425
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Findley T, Sucunza D, Miller L, Davies D, Procter D. A Flexible, Stereoselective Approach to the Decoratedcis-Hydrindane Skeleton: Synthesis of the Proposed Structure of Faurinone. Chemistry 2008; 14:6862-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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426
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Paquette LA, Wah Lai K. Pinacol Macrocyclization-Based Route to the Polyfused Medium-Sized CDE Ring System of Lancifodilactone G. Org Lett 2008; 10:3781-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ol8014607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leo A. Paquette
- Evans Chemical Laboratories, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Kwong Wah Lai
- Evans Chemical Laboratories, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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427
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Baker T, Edmonds D, Hamilton D, O'Brien C, Procter D. Synthesis and Reactions of the Pestalotiopsin Skeleton. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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428
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Burchak ON, Philouze C, Chavant PY, Py S. A Direct and Versatile Access to α,α-Disubstituted 2-Pyrrolidinylmethanols by SmI2-Mediated Reductive Coupling. Org Lett 2008; 10:3021-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol800982n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga N. Burchak
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (SERCO) UMR-5250, ICMG FR-2607, CNRS-Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
| | - Christian Philouze
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (SERCO) UMR-5250, ICMG FR-2607, CNRS-Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
| | - Pierre Yves Chavant
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (SERCO) UMR-5250, ICMG FR-2607, CNRS-Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
| | - Sandrine Py
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (SERCO) UMR-5250, ICMG FR-2607, CNRS-Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
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429
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Wefelscheid UK, Berndt M, Reißig HU. Samarium Diiodide Mediated Ketyl-Aryl Coupling Reactions - Influence of Substituents and Trapping Experiments. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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430
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Sadasivam DV, Antharjanam PKS, Prasad E, Flowers, RA. Mechanistic Study of Samarium Diiodide-HMPA Initiated 5-exo-trig Ketyl−Olefin Coupling: The Role of HMPA in Post-Electron Transfer Steps. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:7228-9. [PMID: 18479133 DOI: 10.1021/ja802448x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Edamana Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - Robert A. Flowers,
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
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431
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Shirai A, Miyata O, Tohnai N, Miyata M, Procter DJ, Sucunza D, Naito T. Total synthesis of (-)-martinellic acid via radical addition-cyclization-elimination reaction. J Org Chem 2008; 73:4464-75. [PMID: 18473441 DOI: 10.1021/jo800560p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric total synthesis of martinellic acid, the first pyrrolo[3,2-c]quinoline alkaloid found in nature, is described. Three key steps in our synthesis of (-)-martinellic acid are the Bu(3)SnH-promoted radical addition-cyclization-elimination (RACE) reaction of an oxime ether with an alpha,beta-unsaturated ester to generate the pyrrolo[3,2-c]quinoline core, a chemoselective lactam carbonyl reduction, and guanidinylation under Mitsunobu reaction conditions. The key radical cyclization has also been investigated by using SmI(2). (-)-Martinellic acid was synthesized from commercially available methyl 4-bromo-3-methylbenzoate in fewer steps than previous syntheses and in an improved overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Shirai
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe, Japan
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432
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Aulenta F, Wefelscheid UK, Brüdgam I, Reißig HU. Nitrogen-Containing Tricyclic and Tetracyclic Compounds by Stereoselective Samarium Diiodide Promoted Cyclizations of Quinolyl-Substituted Ketones – A New Access to Azasteroids. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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433
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Sparling BA, Moslin RM, Jamison TF. SmI2-promoted Reformatsky-type coupling reactions in exceptionally hindered contexts. Org Lett 2008; 10:1291-4. [PMID: 18302397 DOI: 10.1021/ol800099a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Highly substituted, very hindered enones were synthesized using a two-step procedure that utilizes a diiodosamarium-promoted Reformatsky-type coupling and dehydration using Martin sulfurane. Both alpha-chloro- and alpha-bromoketones were coupled with a variety of carbonyl nucleophiles to form the intermediate beta-hydroxyketones, occurring with excellent diastereoselectivity, favoring the syn isomer (R1=Me). This technique complements other methods and enables the preparation of enones outside of the scope of current olefination methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Sparling
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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434
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Nicolaou K, Pappo D, Tsang K, Gibe R, Chen DK. A Chiral Pool Based Synthesis of Platensimycin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:944-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200705080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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435
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436
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Wefelscheid U, Reissig HU. Pentacyclic Compounds by Samarium Diiodide-Induced Cascade Cyclizations of Naphthyl-Substituted 1,3-Diones. Adv Synth Catal 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200700283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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437
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Abstract
Total synthesis campaigns toward complex heterocyclic natural products are a prime source of inspiration for the design and execution of complex cascade sequences, powerful reactions, and efficient synthetic strategies. We highlight selected examples of such innovations in the course of our total syntheses of diazonamide A, azaspiracid-1, thiostrepton, 2,2'-epi-cytoskyrin A and rugulosin, abyssomycin C, platensimycin, and uncialamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. C. Nicolaou
- 1Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA and the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jason S. Chen
- 1Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA and the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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438
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439
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Mittag T, Christensen KL, Lindsay KB, Nielsen NC, Skrydstrup T. Direct Entry to Peptidyl Ketones via SmI2-Mediated C−C Bond Formation with Readily Accessible N-Peptidyl Oxazolidinones. J Org Chem 2007; 73:1088-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jo702286b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Mittag
- Center for Insoluble Protein Structures, Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kasper L. Christensen
- Center for Insoluble Protein Structures, Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Karl B. Lindsay
- Center for Insoluble Protein Structures, Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Niels Christian Nielsen
- Center for Insoluble Protein Structures, Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Center for Insoluble Protein Structures, Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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440
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Kizirian
- Laboratoire SPOT, EA 3857, Université François Rabelais, Sciences et Techniques, Batiment J, Parc de Grandmont, 37200, Tours, France.
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441
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Abstract
Synthetic studies toward the total synthesis of (+)-acutiphycin (1) resulted in the discovery of additive-free, highly regioselective nickel-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions of aldehydes and 1,6-enynes and the construction of an advanced intermediate in studies directed toward the synthesis of 1. Ultimately, although not employing the nickel-catalyzed reaction, a highly convergent total synthesis of (+)-acutiphycin featuring an intermolecular SmI2-mediated Reformatsky coupling reaction and macrolactonization initiated by a retro-ene reaction of an alkoxyalkyne was achieved. The resulting synthesis was 18 steps in the longest linear sequence from either methyl acetoacetate or isobutyraldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Moslin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Timothy F. Jamison
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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442
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Teprovich J, Balili M, Pintauer T, Flowers R. Mechanistic Studies of Proton-Donor Coordination to Samarium Diiodide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200702571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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443
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Teprovich JA, Balili MN, Pintauer T, Flowers RA. Mechanistic Studies of Proton-Donor Coordination to Samarium Diiodide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:8160-3. [PMID: 17828725 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200702571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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444
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Desvergnes S, Desvergnes V, Martin OR, Itoh K, Liu HW, Py S. Stereoselective synthesis of β-1-C-substituted 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-galactitols and evaluation as UDP-galactopyranose mutase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:6443-9. [PMID: 17662609 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2007] [Revised: 06/19/2007] [Accepted: 06/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 1-C-substituted 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-galactitols involving nitrone umpolung is described. The SmI(2)-induced key coupling proved highly stereoselective in favor of the beta-C-substituted products bearing a three-carbon chain at the pseudoanomeric position. Pyrrolidines 9 and 10, as well as the bicyclic compounds 8 and 11, exhibit weak inhibition of the activity of the UDP-galactopyranose mutase from Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Desvergnes
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (SERCO) UMR-5250, ICMG FR-2607, CNRS--Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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445
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Shimokawa K, Takamura H, Uemura D. Concise synthesis of a highly functionalized cyclopentane segment: toward the total synthesis of kansuinine A. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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446
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Aulenta F, Berndt M, Brüdgam I, Hartl H, Sörgel S, Reissig HU. A New, Efficient and Stereoselective Synthesis of Tricyclic and Tetracyclic Compounds by Samarium Diiodide Induced Cyclisations of Naphthyl-Substituted Arylketones—An Easy Access to Steroid-Like Skeletons. Chemistry 2007; 13:6047-62. [PMID: 17487910 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we present the application of samarium diiodide induced cyclisations of naphthyl-substituted ketones towards an easy and stereoselective access to tri- and tetracyclic-functionalised compounds. Typical naphthalene derivatives were studied to investigate the scope and limitations of this novel cyclisation process. The model substrates studied demonstrate that the samarium ketyl cyclisations are essentially restricted to the formation of six-membered rings. The diastereoselectivity of these reactions is strongly influenced by the connection of the alkyl side chain to the naphthalene core. Gamma-naphth-1-yl-substituted ketones furnished cyclisation products, such as 17 or 22-26, as single diastereomers, whereas gamma-naphth-2-yl-substituted precursors gave mixtures of diastereomers--as demonstrated by the conversion of model compound 10 into tricyclic products 18 a/18 b, or that of cyclohexanone derivative 33 into tetracyclic diastereomers 34 a/34 b. Cyclic ketones as ketyl precursors furnished steroid-like tetracyclic skeletons; however, due to the cis/cis fusion of rings B/C and C/D these products have an "unnatural" bowl-like shape. Several of the cyclisation products have been identified by X-ray analyses, which not only proved the constitutions, but also the relative configurations and the preferred conformations. Steroid analogue 23 was subjected to subsequent transformations, which demonstrate that the styrene-like double bond of such compounds can be used for further structural diversification. First attempts to synthesise related azasteroids by incorporating nitrogen atoms into the ketone moiety are also reported. Thus, pyrrolidine derivatives 44 and 47 as well as piperidine derivatives 50 and 52 were subjected to samarium diiodide induced cyclisations. The expected tetracyclic products 48, 49 a/49 b, 51 and 53 a/53 b were obtained in moderate to good yields. The stereoselectivities observed follow the rules already established for the all-carbon precursors. The resulting products, bearing a nitrogen atom in ring D, are interesting azasteroid analogues with "unnatural" configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Aulenta
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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447
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Banerji A, Bandyopadhyay D, Basak B, Biswas PK, Banerji J, Chatterjee A. An Entry to the Synthesis of Novel Nitrogen Macroheterocycles. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2007. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.80.1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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448
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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449
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Binnemans
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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450
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