46901
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Fleischhacker SE, Woteki CE, Coates PM, Hubbard VS, Flaherty GE, Glickman DR, Harkin TR, Kessler D, Li WW, Loscalzo J, Parekh A, Rowe S, Stover PJ, Tagtow A, Yun AJ, Mozaffarian D. Strengthening national nutrition research: rationale and options for a new coordinated federal research effort and authority. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:721-769. [PMID: 32687145 PMCID: PMC7454258 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The US faces remarkable food and nutrition challenges. A new federal effort to strengthen and coordinate nutrition research could rapidly generate the evidence base needed to address these multiple national challenges. However, the relevant characteristics of such an effort have been uncertain. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to provide an objective, informative summary of 1) the mounting diet-related health burdens facing our nation and corresponding economic, health equity, national security, and sustainability implications; 2) the current federal nutrition research landscape and existing mechanisms for its coordination; 3) the opportunities for and potential impact of new fundamental, clinical, public health, food and agricultural, and translational scientific discoveries; and 4) the various options for further strengthening and coordinating federal nutrition research, including corresponding advantages, disadvantages, and potential executive and legislative considerations. METHODS We reviewed government and other published documents on federal nutrition research; held various discussions with expert groups, advocacy organizations, and scientific societies; and held in-person or phone meetings with >50 federal staff in executive and legislative roles, as well as with a variety of other stakeholders in academic, industry, and nongovernment organizations. RESULTS Stark national nutrition challenges were identified. More Americans are sick than are healthy, largely from rising diet-related illnesses. These conditions create tremendous strains on productivity, health care costs, health disparities, government budgets, US economic competitiveness, and military readiness. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has further laid bare these strains, including food insecurity, major diet-related comorbidities for poor outcomes from COVID-19 such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, and insufficient surveillance on and coordination of our food system. More than 10 federal departments and agencies currently invest in critical nutrition research, yet with relatively flat investments over several decades. Coordination also remains suboptimal, documented by multiple governmental reports over 50 years. Greater harmonization and expansion of federal investment in nutrition science, not a silo-ing or rearrangement of existing investments, has tremendous potential to generate new discoveries to improve and sustain the health of all Americans. Two identified key strategies to achieve this were as follows: 1) a new authority for robust cross-governmental coordination of nutrition research and other nutrition-related policy and 2) strengthened authority, investment, and coordination for nutrition research within the NIH. These strategies were found to be complementary, together catalyzing important new science, partnerships, coordination, and returns on investment. Additional complementary actions to accelerate federal nutrition research were identified at the USDA. CONCLUSIONS The need and opportunities for strengthened federal nutrition research are clear, with specific identified options to help create the new leadership, strategic planning, coordination, and investment the nation requires to address the multiple nutrition-related challenges and grasp the opportunities before us.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine E Woteki
- University of Virginia Biocomplexity Institute and Initiative, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Paul M Coates
- Retired, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Van S Hubbard
- Retired, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Grace E Flaherty
- Gerald J and Dorothy R Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - David Kessler
- Former Food and Drug Administration Commissioner, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Patrick J Stover
- Texas A&M AgriLife, Texas A&M College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Gerald J and Dorothy R Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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46902
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Du Z, Feng X, Cao G, She Z, Tan R, Aifantis KE, Zhang R, Li X. The effect of carbon nanotubes on osteogenic functions of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and bone formation in vivo compared with that of nano-hydroxyapatite and the possible mechanism. Bioact Mater 2020; 6:333-345. [PMID: 32954052 PMCID: PMC7479260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well recognized that the development and use of artificial materials with high osteogenic ability is one of the most promising means to replace bone grafting that has exhibited various negative effects. The biomimetic features and unique physiochemical properties of nanomaterials play important roles in stimulating cellular functions and guiding tissue regeneration. But efficacy degree of some nanomaterials to promote specific tissue formation is still not clear. We hereby comparatively studied the osteogenic ability of our treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MCNTs) and the main inorganic mineral component of natural bone, nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) in the same system, and tried to tell the related mechanism. In vitro culture of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HASCs) on the MCNTs and nHA demonstrated that although there was no significant difference in the cell adhesion amount between on the MCNTs and nHA, the cell attachment strength and proliferation on the MCNTs were better. Most importantly, the MCNTs could induce osteogenic differentiation of the HASCs better than the nHA, the possible mechanism of which was found to be that the MCNTs could activate Notch involved signaling pathways by concentrating more proteins, including specific bone-inducing ones. Moreover, the MCNTs could induce ectopic bone formation in vivo while the nHA could not, which might be because MCNTs could stimulate inducible cells in tissues to form inductive bone better than nHA by concentrating more proteins including specific bone-inducing ones secreted from M2 macrophages. Therefore, MCNTs might be more effective materials for accelerating bone formation even than nHA. The compacts of our treated MCNTs and nHA with the same size and nano-dimension were prepared to compare their osteogenic activity. The cell attachment strength on the MCNTs was better, and the MCNTs could induce osteogenic differentiation of the cells in vitro and ectopic bone formation in vivo better than the nHA. The MCNTs might induce osteogenic differentiation of the cells in vitro through activating Notch involved signaling pathways by concentrating more proteins including specific bone-inducing ones. The MCNTs might stimulate inducible cells in tissues to form ectopic inductive bone in vivo by concentrating proteins including specific bone-inducing ones secreted from M2 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipo Du
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Central Hospital of Baoding City, Baoding, 072350, China
| | - Xinxing Feng
- Endocrinology and Cardiovascular Disease Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Guangxiu Cao
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhending She
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Implantable Medical Polymer, Shenzhen Lando Biomaterials Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Rongwei Tan
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Implantable Medical Polymer, Shenzhen Lando Biomaterials Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Katerina E. Aifantis
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Ruihong Zhang
- Department of Research and Teaching, The Fourth Central Hospital of Baoding City, Baoding, 072350, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Research and Teaching, The Fourth Central Hospital of Baoding City, Baoding, 072350, China.
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Corresponding author. Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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46903
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Icsel C, Yilmaz VT, Aydinlik Ş, Aygun M. New manganese(II), iron(II), cobalt(II), nickel(II) and copper(II) saccharinate complexes of 2,6-bis(2-benzimidazolyl)pyridine as potential anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 202:112535. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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46904
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Zhang J, Zhuang Y, Wan NS, Tang X, Zhou W, Si L, Wang Y, Chen BY, Cao J. Slow-wave sleep is associated with incident hypertension in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a cross-sectional study. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520954682. [PMID: 32967506 PMCID: PMC7520930 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520954682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the association between slow-wave sleep ([SWS] N3 stage) and the risk of hypertension in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) or primary snorers. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional study of 1145 participants who were evaluated for suspected OSA at our Sleep Medical Center were included. Among these participants, 1022 had OSA and 123 were primary snorers. Logistic regression modeling was performed to evaluate the association between the prevalence of hypertension and combined OSA and SWS based on polysomnographic measurements. RESULTS Patients with OSA in the lowest SWS quartile (quartile 1, < 2.0%) showed a two-fold increased risk of hypertension after adjustment for confounding factors compared with primary snorers (odds ratio, 2.13 [95% confidence interval 1.54-2.06]). In logistic analysis stratified according to SWS quartiles, there was no significant difference in the risk of hypertension between patients with OSA and primary snorers in quartile 1. However, in the highest quartile (quartile 4), SWS was significantly associated with incident hypertension in patients with OSA rather than primary snorers. CONCLUSION SWS is associated with prevalent hypertension in patients with OSA. Notably, a low proportion of SWS confers a stronger association with incident hypertension than OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan-Sheng Wan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Liang Si
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bao-Yuan Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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46905
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Ibarrola M. Anomalous origin of left circumflex artery, myocardial bridges and myocardial ischemia. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2020; 14:e85-e86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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46906
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Leggio L, Arrabito G, Ferrara V, Vivarelli S, Paternò G, Marchetti B, Pignataro B, Iraci N. Mastering the Tools: Natural versus Artificial Vesicles in Nanomedicine. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000731. [PMID: 32864899 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring extracellular vesicles and artificially made vesicles represent important tools in nanomedicine for the efficient delivery of biomolecules and drugs. Since its first appearance in the literature 50 years ago, the research on vesicles is progressing at a fast pace, with the main goal of developing carriers able to protect cargoes from degradation, as well as to deliver them in a time- and space-controlled fashion. While natural occurring vesicles have the advantage of being fully compatible with their host, artificial vesicles can be easily synthetized and functionalized according to the target to reach. Research is striving to merge the advantages of natural and artificial vesicles, in order to provide a new generation of highly performing vesicles, which would improve the therapeutic index of transported molecules. This progress report summarizes current manufacturing techniques used to produce both natural and artificial vesicles, exploring the promises and pitfalls of the different production processes. Finally, pros and cons of natural versus artificial vesicles are discussed and compared, with special regard toward the current applications of both kinds of vesicles in the healthcare field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Leggio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences University of Catania Torre Biologica, Via S. Sofia 97 Catania 95125 Italy
| | - Giuseppe Arrabito
- Department of Physics and Chemistry – Emilio Segrè University of Palermo Building 17, Viale delle Scienze Palermo 90128 Italy
| | - Vittorio Ferrara
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Catania Viale Andrea Doria 6 Catania 95125 Italy
| | - Silvia Vivarelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences University of Catania Torre Biologica, Via S. Sofia 97 Catania 95125 Italy
| | - Greta Paternò
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences University of Catania Torre Biologica, Via S. Sofia 97 Catania 95125 Italy
| | - Bianca Marchetti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences University of Catania Torre Biologica, Via S. Sofia 97 Catania 95125 Italy
- Neuropharmacology Section OASI Institute for Research and Care on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging Troina 94018 Italy
| | - Bruno Pignataro
- Department of Physics and Chemistry – Emilio Segrè University of Palermo Building 17, Viale delle Scienze Palermo 90128 Italy
| | - Nunzio Iraci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences University of Catania Torre Biologica, Via S. Sofia 97 Catania 95125 Italy
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46907
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Que F, Wang H, Luo Y, Cui L, Wei L, Xi Z, Lin Q, Ge Y, Wang W. Comprehensive Analysis of Differentially Expressed circRNAs Reveals a Colorectal Cancer-Related ceRNA Network. Comput Math Methods Med 2020; 2020:7159340. [PMID: 32952599 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7159340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) remained to be very high worldwide. Recently, circRNAs had been revealed to have a crucial role in cancer prognosis and progression. Numerous researches have shown that RNA sequencing technology and in silico method were widely used to identify pathogenic mechanisms and uncover promising targets for diagnosis and therapy. In this study, these methods were analyzed to obtain differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs). We identified upregulated 316 circRNAs and reduced 76 circRNAs in CRC samples, in comparison with those in normal tissues. In addition, a competitive endogenous network of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA was established to predict the mechanisms of circRNAs. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these circRNAs participated in metabolism regulation and cell cycle progression. Of note, we observed the hub genes and miRNAs in this ceRNA network were associated with the survival time in CRC. We think this study could provide potential prognostic biomarkers and targets for CRC.
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46908
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Wang YJ, Chang SB, Wang CY, Huang HT, Tzeng SF. The selective lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 inhibitor darapladib triggers irreversible actions on glioma cell apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 402:115133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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46909
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Wong IYH, Lam KO, Chan W, Wong C, So TH, Chan KK, Choi CW, Law TT, Chiu K, Chan FSY, Kwong DLW, Law S. Real-world Scenario: CROSS Regimen as Preoperative Therapy for Oesophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Gastrointest Surg 2020; 24:1937-1947. [PMID: 32671794 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-020-04704-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preoperative chemoradiation (CROSS regimen) has been widely adopted worldwide. The survival advantage imparted is especially impressive for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study aimed at investigating the efficacy of the CROSS regimen in real-world scenario. METHODS This is a retrospective study of all patients with OSCC intended for preoperative treatment using the CROSS regimen during 2012-2017. Patients were divided into two groups: those within the selection criteria in the CROSS trial and those beyond criteria, namely age > 75 years old, tumour length > 8 cm or clinical M1 stage of lymph node involvement (AJCC 6th edition). Clinical outcome and survival data were compared. RESULTS Eighty-eight patients were included. There were 46 patients in the "CROSS eligible" group and 42 in the "CROSS ineligible" group. By intention-to-treat, the estimated median survival was 24.2 months vs. 12.7 months, respectively (p = 0.047). The results were much inferior compared to that published in the original CROSS trial. Univariable and multivariable analyses showed tumour length and resectability as independent variables affecting survival. DISCUSSION In a real-world scenario, the clinical outcome remains suboptimal and the excellent results in the trial setting were not reproducible in this Asian cohort. Patient selection is one key element accountable for the difference. The efficacy of the CROSS regimen may not be adequate for patients with more advanced disease. The optimal multimodal therapy for this group of patients remains undefined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Yu Hong Wong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka On Lam
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wendy Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Claudia Wong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tsz Him So
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwan Kit Chan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheuk Wai Choi
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tsz Ting Law
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Keith Chiu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fion Siu Yin Chan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dora Lai Wan Kwong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon Law
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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46910
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Hashemzaei M, Mamoulakis C, Tsarouhas K, Georgiadis G, Lazopoulos G, Tsatsakis A, Shojaei Asrami E, Rezaee R. Crocin: A fighter against inflammation and pain. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 143:111521. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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46911
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Liu WJ, Li J, Zou R, Pan J, Jin T, Li L, Liu P, Zhao Y, Yu X, Wang H, Liu G, Jiang H, Bi Y, Liu L, Yuen KY, Liu Y, Gao GF. Dynamic PB2-E627K substitution of influenza H7N9 virus indicates the in vivo genetic tuning and rapid host adaptation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:23807-14. [PMID: 32873642 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2013267117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep-sequencing of viral genomes based on original specimens from H7N9-infected patients and the surrounding poultry/environment has provided the first in-depth data on virus adaptation at the interface between poultry and humans. In contrast to the consistent dominance of 627E in poultry-derived H7N9, diverse but longitudinally changing ratios of the mammalian signature substitution PB2-E627K from patient specimens indicate a dynamic viral adaptation during infection, termed “genetic tuning” of avian influenza viruses in new hosts. Furthermore, the correlation between rapid host adaptation of H7N9 PB2-627 and the disease severity in patients is brought to light. Of note, under a one-health vision, our study provides direct big data evidence that “genetic tuning” of PB2-E627K is associated with H7N9 pathogenicity during human infection. Avian-origin influenza viruses overcome the bottleneck of the interspecies barrier and infect humans through the evolution of variants toward more efficient replication in mammals. The dynamic adaptation of the genetic substitutions and the correlation with the virulence of avian-origin influenza virus in patients remain largely elusive. Here, based on the one-health approach, we retrieved the original virus-positive samples from patients with H7N9 and their surrounding poultry/environment. The specimens were directly deep sequenced, and the subsequent big data were integrated with the clinical manifestations. Unlike poultry/environment-derived samples with the consistent dominance of avian signature 627E of H7N9 polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2), patient specimens had diverse ratios of mammalian signature 627K, indicating the rapid dynamics of H7N9 adaptation in patients during the infection process. In contrast, both human- and poultry/environment-related viruses had constant dominance of avian signature PB2-701D. The intrahost dynamic adaptation was confirmed by the gradual replacement of 627E by 627K in H7N9 in the longitudinally collected specimens from one patient. These results suggest that host adaptation for better virus replication to new hosts, termed “genetic tuning,” actually occurred in H7N9-infected patients in vivo. Notably, our findings also demonstrate the correlation between rapid host adaptation of H7N9 PB2-E627K and the fatal outcome and disease severity in humans. The feature of H7N9 genetic tuning in vivo and its correlation with the disease severity emphasize the importance of testing for the evolution of this avian-origin virus during the course of infection.
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46912
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Lother SA, Abassi M, Agostinis A, Bangdiwala AS, Cheng MP, Drobot G, Engen N, Hullsiek KH, Kelly LE, Lee TC, Lofgren SM, MacKenzie LJ, Marten N, McDonald EG, Okafor EC, Pastick KA, Pullen MF, Rajasingham R, Schwartz I, Skipper CP, Turgeon AF, Zarychanski R, Boulware DR. Post-exposure prophylaxis or pre-emptive therapy for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): study protocol for a pragmatic randomized-controlled trial. Can J Anaesth 2020; 67:1201-1211. [PMID: 32383125 PMCID: PMC7205369 DOI: 10.1007/s12630-020-01684-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in December 2019 causing the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Currently, there is a lack of evidence-based therapies to prevent COVID-19 following exposure to the virus, or to prevent worsening of symptoms following confirmed infection. We describe the design of a clinical trial of hydroxychloroquine for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and pre-emptive therapy (PET) for COVID-19. METHODS We will conduct two nested multicentre international double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials of hydroxychloroquine for: 1) PEP of asymptomatic household contacts or healthcare workers exposed to COVID-19 within the past four days, and 2) PET for symptomatic outpatients with COVID-19 showing symptoms for less than four days. We will recruit 1,500 patients each for the PEP and PET trials. Participants will be randomized 1:1 to receive five days of hydroxychloroquine or placebo. The primary PEP trial outcome will be the incidence of symptomatic COVID-19. The primary PET trial outcome will be an ordinal scale of disease severity (not hospitalized, hospitalized without intensive care, hospitalization with intensive care, or death). Participant screening, informed consent, and follow-up will be exclusively internet-based with appropriate regulatory and research ethics board approvals in Canada and the United States. DISCUSSION These complementary randomized-controlled trials are innovatively designed and adequately powered to rapidly answer urgent questions regarding the effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine to reduce virus transmission and disease severity of COVID-19 during a pandemic. In-person participant follow-up will not be conducted to facilitate social distancing strategies and reduce risks of exposure to study personnel. Innovative trial approaches are needed to urgently assess therapeutic options to mitigate the global impact of this pandemic. TRIALS REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04308668); registered 16 March, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain A Lother
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Critical Care, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Mahsa Abassi
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alyssa Agostinis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ananta S Bangdiwala
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Matthew P Cheng
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Glen Drobot
- Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Nicole Engen
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kathy H Hullsiek
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lauren E Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Department of Pharmacology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Todd C Lee
- Clinical Practice Assessment Unit, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sarah M Lofgren
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lauren J MacKenzie
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Nicole Marten
- Critical Care Research, St-Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Emily G McDonald
- Clinical Practice Assessment Unit, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Katelyn A Pastick
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Matthew F Pullen
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Radha Rajasingham
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ilan Schwartz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Caleb P Skipper
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alexis F Turgeon
- CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Centre, Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit Trauma - Emergency - Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Ryan Zarychanski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Critical Care, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - David R Boulware
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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46913
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Min J, Pan X, Lv G. The circRNA circ_0000291 acts as a sponge of microRNA 326 to regulate E26 transformation-specific sequence-1 expression and promote breast cancer progression. Pathol Int 2020; 70:953-964. [PMID: 32869935 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating studies authenticate that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the progression of cancers. However, their role in breast cancer (BC) remains largely unknown. In this study, real-time polymerase chain reaction was employed to detect the circ_0000291 and miR-326 expressions in BC tissues and cells. The correlation between the expression level of circ_0000291 and clinicopathological parameters of BC patients was analyzed. Western blot was used to detect the expression of E26 transformation-specific sequence-1 (ETS1), E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Vimentin in BC cells. Cell proliferation was measured using the cell counting kit-8 assay and the bromodeoxyuridine assay. Cell migration and invasion were detected by Transwell assay. The interactions between circ_0000291 and miR-326, miR-326 and ETS1 were verified using bioinformatics prediction, the dual-luciferase reporter gene assay or/and RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation assay. We demonstrated that circ_0000291 was significantly upregulated in BC, and its high expression was positively correlated with T stage and local lymph node metastasis. Functional assays validated that circ_0000291 promoted BC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The mechanism studies indicated that circ_0000291 could decoy miR-326 and in turn upregulate the expression of ETS1. In conclusion, circ_0000291 is the novel oncogenic circRNA and promotes BC progression via modulating the miR-326/ETS1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Min
- Department of Breast and Thyroid, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Pan
- Editorial Department of Chinese Journal of Endocrine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Lv
- Department of Breast and Thyroid, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
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46914
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Hou G, Jia A, Yang L, Zhao Y, Hu Y, Zhao W, Zhao W, Liu HM, Lu Z. OP16 induces deadly autophagy and apoptosis of cells by inhibiting Akt in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 472:219-230. [PMID: 32671513 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03800-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND OP16, a derivative of the novel ent-kaurene diterpenoid compound separated from Rabdosia rubescens, has been confirmed for its efficacy and safety in the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in our previous study. However, the precise mechanisms of tumor lethality mediated by OP16 have not yet been fully characterized. AIMS To investigate the effects and molecular mechanism of OP16 on autophagy and apoptosis of ESCC cells. METHODS Effects and mechanism of OP16 on autophagy of ESCC cells were first detected by Western blot, immunofluorescence, mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenovirus infection and transmission electron microscope. Next, function of autophagy and apoptosis induced by OP16 on cell death was investigated by flow cytometry and CCK-8 assay. Finally, molecular mechanism of OP16 affecting autophagy and apoptosis of ESCC cells was explored by Western blot. RESULTS We demonstrated that OP16 could induce autophagy by promoting the formation of autophagosome and autolysosome, and promote autophagic cell death in ESCC. Furthermore, we also found that OP16 could promote cell apoptosis by activating mitochondria apoptosis pathway in ESCC. Finally, we demonstrated that OP16 affecting autophagy and mitochondria apoptosis pathway was mediated by phosphorylation of Akt. CONCLUSION Our data show that OP16 could promote cell death through affecting autophagy and mitochondria apoptosis pathway mediated by Akt in ESCC, which enriches the theoretical mechanism of anti-tumor effects of OP16 and provides a basis for treatment of OP16 on ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wuduo Zhao
- Center of Advanced Analysis & Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhaoming Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Chemoprevention, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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46915
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Chepkwony S, Parys A, Vandoorn E, Chiers K, Van Reeth K. Efficacy of Heterologous Prime-Boost Vaccination with H3N2 Influenza Viruses in Pre-Immune Individuals: Studies in the Pig Model. Viruses 2020; 12:v12090968. [PMID: 32882956 PMCID: PMC7552030 DOI: 10.3390/v12090968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study in influenza-naïve pigs, heterologous prime-boost vaccination with monovalent, adjuvanted whole inactivated vaccines (WIV) based on the European swine influenza A virus (SwIAV) strain, A/swine/Gent/172/2008 (G08), followed by the US SwIAV strain, A/swine/Pennsylvania/A01076777/2010 (PA10), was shown to induce broadly cross-reactive hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies against 12 out of 15 antigenically distinct H3N2 influenza strains. Here, we used the pig model to examine the efficacy of that particular heterologous prime-boost vaccination regimen, in individuals with pre-existing infection-immunity. Pigs were first inoculated intranasally with the human H3N2 strain, A/Nanchang/933/1995. Seven weeks later, they were vaccinated intramuscularly with G08 followed by PA10 or vice versa. We examined serum antibody responses against the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, and antibody-secreting cell (ASC) responses in peripheral blood, draining lymph nodes, and nasal mucosa (NMC), in ELISPOT assays. Vaccination induced up to 10-fold higher HI antibody titers than in naïve pigs, with broader cross-reactivity, and protection against challenge with an antigenically distant H3N2 strain. It also boosted ASC responses in lymph nodes and NMC. Our results show that intramuscular administration of WIV can lead to enhanced antibody responses and cross-reactivity in pre-immune subjects, and recall of ASC responses in lymph nodes and NMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Chepkwony
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (S.C.); (A.P.); (E.V.)
| | - Anna Parys
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (S.C.); (A.P.); (E.V.)
| | - Elien Vandoorn
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (S.C.); (A.P.); (E.V.)
| | - Koen Chiers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;
| | - Kristien Van Reeth
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (S.C.); (A.P.); (E.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-92647369
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46916
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Mayrink VD, Gonçalves FB. Identifying atypically expressed chromosome regions using RNA-Seq data. STAT METHOD APPL-GER 2020; 29:619-649. [DOI: 10.1007/s10260-019-00496-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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46917
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Huang P, Chen X, Hu X, Zhou Q, Lin L, Jiang S, Fu H, Xiong Y, Zeng H, Fang M, Chen C, Deng Y. Experimentally Induced Sepsis Causes Extensive Hypomyelination in the Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus in Neonatal Rats. Neuromolecular Med 2020; 22:420-436. [PMID: 32638208 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-020-08602-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal sepsis is associated with cognitive deficit in the later life. Axonal myelination plays a pivotal role in neurotransmission and formation of learning and memory. This study aimed to explore if systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection would induce hypomyelination in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in developing septic neonatal rats. Sprague-Dawley rats (1-day old) were injected with LPS (1 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. By electron microscopy, axonal hypomyelination was evident in the subcortical white matter and hippocampus. The expression of myelin proteins including CNPase, MBP, PLP and MAG was downregulated in both areas of the brain at 7, 14 and 28 days after LPS injection. The frequency of MBP and PLP-positive oligodendrocyte was significantly reduced using in situ hybridization in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus at the corresponding time points after LPS injection, whereas the expression of NG2 and PDGFRα was noticeably increased. In tandem with this was reduction of Olig1 and Olig2 expressions which are involved in differentiation/maturation of OPCs. Expression of NFL, NFM, and NFH was significantly downregulated, indicating that axon development was disrupted after LPS injection. Morris Water Maze behavioral test, Open field test, Rotarod test, and Pole test were used to evaluate neurological behaviors of 28 days rats. The rats in the LPS group showed the impairment of motor coordination, balance, memory, and learning ability and represented bradykinesia and anxiety-like behavior. The present results suggest that following systemic LPS injection, differentiation/maturation of OPCs was affected which may be attributed to the inhibition of transcription factors Olig1 and Olig2 expression resulting in impairment to axonal development. It is suggested that this would ultimately lead to axonal hypomyelination in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, which may be associated with neurological deficits in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixian Huang
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuping Zhou
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, Guangdong, China
| | - Lanfen Lin
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuqi Jiang
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Fu
- Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Yajie Xiong
- Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Hongke Zeng
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Fang
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunbo Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Yiyu Deng
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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46918
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Li Y, Chen M, Zhou W, Gao S, Luo X, Peng L, Yan J, Wang P, Li Q, Zheng Y, Liu S, Cheng Y, Guo Q. Cell-free 3D wet-electrospun PCL/silk fibroin/Sr 2+ scaffold promotes successful total meniscus regeneration in a rabbit model. Acta Biomater 2020; 113:196-209. [PMID: 32561472 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Considering the intrinsic poor self-healing capacity of meniscus, tissue engineering has become a new direction for the treatment of meniscus lesions. However, disturbed by mechanical stability and biocompatibility, most meniscus implants fail to relieve symptoms and prevent the development of osteoarthritis. The goal of this study was to develop a potential meniscal substitute for clinical application. Here, silk fibroin with good mechanical performance and biocompatibility, and strontium ion acting as bioactive factor, were incorporated with Ɛ-Polycaprolactone to fabricate a meniscus scaffold (SP-Sr). By the wet-electrospun method, the 3D SP-Sr provided suitable pore size (100-200 μm) and enough mechanical support (61.6 ± 2.9 MPa for tensile modulus and 0.11 ± 0.03 MPa for compressive modulus). Moreover, after addition of Sr2+, the SP-Sr seeded by rabbit adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (rADSCs) showed the highest secretion with 2.61- and 2.98-fold increase in collagen and aggrecan, respectively, compared with SF/PCL group. And the extracellular matrix related genes expression in SP-Sr also showed upregulation results. Particularly, the expression of the collagen II gene, which played a crucial role in the formation of meniscal inner avascular region, showed a 9-fold increase in SP-Sr compared with pure PCL group. Furthermore, the MRI results of SP-Sr implanted in rabbits with total meniscectomy for 6 months demonstrated effective prevention of meniscus extrusion and relieving joint space narrowing compared with meniscectomy group. And the effects of cartilage protection and delaying osteoarthritis development were confirmed by Pathological examination. Especially, after 6-month implantation, the neo-menisci showed similar structural constituent and mechanical performance. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Meniscus regeneration faces great challenge due to the meniscus having limited healing potential owing to its anisotropic structure, its hypocellularity and hypovascularity. The present tissue engineering solutions have failed to maintain the biological function for meniscus reconstruction in vivo because of fragile and poor biocompatible materials, leading to long-term joint degeneration. The goal of this study was to develop a meniscal substitute potential for clinical application. Here, silk fibroin and strontium were incorporated with Ɛ-Polycaprolactone by wet-electrospinning method to fabricate a meniscus scaffold (SP-Sr). The 6-month implantation results revealed that SP-Sr scaffold was effective in preventing meniscus extrusion, cartilage protection and delaying osteoarthritis development, and the regenerated menisci showed similar structural constituent and mechanical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Li
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Haidian District Chengfu Road No.205, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mingxue Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Fourth Clinical College of Peking University, No. 31 Xinjiekou East Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Haidian District Chengfu Road No.205, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Haidian District Chengfu Road No.205, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xujiang Luo
- Institute of Orthopedics, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries in PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Liqing Peng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries in PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jianglong Yan
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Haidian District Chengfu Road No.205, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Haidian District Chengfu Road No.205, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiyao Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuyun Liu
- Institute of Orthopedics, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries in PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Haidian District Chengfu Road No.205, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Quanyi Guo
- Institute of Orthopedics, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries in PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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46919
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Carpentier A, Sheldon J, Vondran FWR, Brown RJ, Pietschmann T. Efficient acute and chronic infection of stem cell-derived hepatocytes by hepatitis C virus. Gut 2020; 69:1659-1666. [PMID: 32114504 PMCID: PMC7456736 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN Human stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) have shown high potential as authentic model for dissection of the HCV life cycle and virus-induced pathogenesis. However, modest HCV replication, possibly due to robust innate immune responses, limits their broader use. To overcome these limitations and to dissect the mechanisms responsible for control of HCV, we analysed expression of key components of the interferon (IFN) system in HLCs, assessed permissiveness for different HCV strains and blocked innate immune signalling by pharmacological intervention. RESULTS Transcriptional profiling revealed that HLCs constitutively express messenger RNA of RLRs, and members of the IFN pathway. Moreover, HLCs upregulated IFNs and canonical interferon-regulated genes (IRGs) upon transfection with the double-stranded RNA mimic poly(I:C). Infection of HLCs with Jc1-HCVcc produced only limited viral progeny. In contrast, infection with p100, a Jc1-derived virus population with enhanced replication fitness and partial resistance to IFN, resulted in robust yet transient viraemia. Viral titres declined concomitant with a peak of IRG induction. Addition of ruxolitinib, a JAK/STAT inhibitor, permitted chronic infection and raised p100 infectious virus titres to 1×105 FFU/mL. IRGs expression profiling in infected HLCs revealed a landscape of HCV-dependent transcriptional changes similar to HCV-infected primary human hepatocytes, but distinct from Huh-7.5 cells. Withdrawal of ruxolitinib restored innate immune responses and resulted in HCV clearance. CONCLUSION This authentic human cell model is well suited to examine acute and chronic host-HCV interactions, particularly IFN-triggered antiviral effector functions and mechanisms of innate immune control of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Carpentier
- Institute of Experimental Virology, Twincore, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julie Sheldon
- Institute of Experimental Virology, Twincore, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian W R Vondran
- ReMediES, Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Richard Jp Brown
- Institute of Experimental Virology, Twincore, Hannover, Germany
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pietschmann
- Institute of Experimental Virology, Twincore, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
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46920
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Li W, Li C, Ma L, Jin F. Resveratrol inhibits viability and induces apoptosis in the small‑cell lung cancer H446 cell line via the PI3K/Akt/c‑Myc pathway. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:1821-1830. [PMID: 32901891 PMCID: PMC7550979 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There have been no major breakthroughs in the treatment of small‑cell lung cancer (SCLC) in recent decades. It is thus essential to explore new or adjuvant treatment options for SCLC. Resveratrol (Res) is a natural antioxidant revealed to influence the entire process of cancer development. Accordingly, the present study used the SCLC cell line H446 to explore the antitumor mechanism of Res. Cells were treated with 40 µg/ml Res with or without pretreatment with the antioxidant N‑acetyl‑L‑cysteine (NAC). H446 cell viability and apoptosis were assessed with MTT and flow cytometry, and the expression of cytochrome c and the PI3K/Akt/c‑Myc pathway and the nuclear translocation of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) were assessed by western blotting. In addition, the changes in ROS content and mitochondrial membrane potential were determined. The results revealed that Res inhibited H446 cell viability and induced apoptosis, increased cytochrome c expression, inhibited the expression of PI3K/Akt/c‑Myc signaling pathway components, and promoted the translocation of AIF from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in H446 cells. However, NAC pretreatment reversed these changes to various extents. The results of the present study indicated that Res may inhibit the viability and promote the apoptosis of human SCLC H446 cells through the PI3K/Akt/c‑Myc pathway and that oxidative stress and mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization may be involved in the aforementioned processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangping Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Lijie Ma
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Faguang Jin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
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46921
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Aguiar JA, Tremblay BJM, Mansfield MJ, Woody O, Lobb B, Banerjee A, Chandiramohan A, Tiessen N, Cao Q, Dvorkin-Gheva A, Revill S, Miller MS, Carlsten C, Organ L, Joseph C, John A, Hanson P, Austin RC, McManus BM, Jenkins G, Mossman K, Ask K, Doxey AC, Hirota JA. Gene expression and in situ protein profiling of candidate SARS-CoV-2 receptors in human airway epithelial cells and lung tissue. Eur Respir J 2020; 56. [PMID: 32675206 DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.07.030742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged, causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. SARS-CoV, the agent responsible for the 2003 SARS outbreak, utilises angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) host molecules for viral entry. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 have recently been implicated in SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. Additional host molecules including ADAM17, cathepsin L, CD147 and GRP78 may also function as receptors for SARS-CoV-2.To determine the expression and in situ localisation of candidate SARS-CoV-2 receptors in the respiratory mucosa, we analysed gene expression datasets from airway epithelial cells of 515 healthy subjects, gene promoter activity analysis using the FANTOM5 dataset containing 120 distinct sample types, single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) of 10 healthy subjects, proteomic datasets, immunoblots on multiple airway epithelial cell types, and immunohistochemistry on 98 human lung samples.We demonstrate absent to low ACE2 promoter activity in a variety of lung epithelial cell samples and low ACE2 gene expression in both microarray and scRNAseq datasets of epithelial cell populations. Consistent with gene expression, rare ACE2 protein expression was observed in the airway epithelium and alveoli of human lung, confirmed with proteomics. We present confirmatory evidence for the presence of TMPRSS2, CD147 and GRP78 protein in vitro in airway epithelial cells and confirm broad in situ protein expression of CD147 and GRP78 in the respiratory mucosa.Collectively, our data suggest the presence of a mechanism dynamically regulating ACE2 expression in human lung, perhaps in periods of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and also suggest that alternative receptors for SARS-CoV-2 exist to facilitate initial host cell infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael J Mansfield
- Genomics and Regulatory Systems Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Japan
| | - Owen Woody
- Faculty of Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Briallen Lobb
- Dept of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Arinjay Banerjee
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Abiram Chandiramohan
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas Tiessen
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Quynh Cao
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Dvorkin-Gheva
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Spencer Revill
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew S Miller
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Dept of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher Carlsten
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Dept of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Louise Organ
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Respiratory Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Chitra Joseph
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Respiratory Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alison John
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Respiratory Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Paul Hanson
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Richard C Austin
- Division of Nephrology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bruce M McManus
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gisli Jenkins
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Respiratory Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Karen Mossman
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kjetil Ask
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew C Doxey
- Dept of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- A.C. Doxey and J.A. Hirota contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
| | - Jeremy A Hirota
- Dept of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- A.C. Doxey and J.A. Hirota contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
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46922
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Zhao J, Lei T, Zhang T, Chen X, Dong J, Guan Y, Wang J, Wei H, Er P, Han D, Wei X, Guo Z, Du Q, Wang J, Liu N, Song Y, Yuan Z, Zhao L, Zhang W, Pang Q, Wang P. The efficacy and safety of simultaneous integrated dose reduction in clinical target volume with intensity-modulated radiotherapy for patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Ann Transl Med 2020; 8:1160. [PMID: 33241009 PMCID: PMC7576073 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-4366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Compelling research to explore the effectiveness of simultaneous integrated dose reduction in clinical target volume (CTV) with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (SIR-IMRT) for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are limited. This study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy and treatment-related toxicity between SIR-IMRT and conventional IMRT (C-IMRT) in the treatment of ESCC. Methods From March 2010 to September 2016, the clinical data of 257 patients with ESCC who received definitive IMRT in the Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Among these patients, 137 patients received C-IMRT with a prescribed dose of 60 Gy in 30 fractions for planning target volume (PTV), while 120 patients received SIR-IMRT with a prescribed dose of 60 Gy in 30 fractions for the planning gross tumor volume (PGTV) and a prescribed dose of 54 Gy in 30 fractions for PTV. All of the patients received definitive IMRT with elective nodal irradiation. Locoregional control, survival, treatment toxicity and dose to organs at risk (OAR) were compared between the groups. Results Patients who received SIR-IMRT showed a similar locoregional failure rate compared to the C-IMRT group (27.5% versus 29.9%, P=0.668). The 1-, 2- and 3-year overall survival (OS) rates were 71.5%, 44.3%, 44.3% vs. 77.9%, 52.1%, 32.9% in the C-IMRT and SIR-IMRT groups, respectively (P=0.825). No significant differences were observed in PFS and LRRFS between the two groups (P=0.880 and P=0.216, respectively). The dose of lung V30 and the maximum dose of spinal cord in the C-IMRT group were significantly higher than those in the SIR-IMRT group (P=0.013, P=0.047). The incidence of acute radiation esophagitis was significantly lower in the SIR-IMRT group (P=0.046), although no statistical difference was observed in the incidence of acute severe adverse events between the two groups. Conclusions SIR-IMRT offers an effective and safe option for patients with unresectable ESCC who receive definitive RT. Further prospective and larger sample size studies are warranted to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Tongda Lei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Department of Nutritional Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Guan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Puchun Er
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoying Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhoubo Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingwu Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Ningbo Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongchun Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiyong Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Lujun Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Wencheng Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingsong Pang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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46923
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Roman M, Wrobel TP, Panek A, Paluszkiewicz C, Kwiatek WM. Lipid droplets in prostate cancer cells and effect of irradiation studied by Raman microspectroscopy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158753. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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46924
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Liu J, Chen X, Jiang Y, Cheng W. Development of an immune gene prognostic classifier for survival prediction and respond to immunocheckpoint inhibitor therapy/chemotherapy in endometrial cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 86:106735. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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46925
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Asahi C, Aoyama S, Kimura S, Suzuki T, Hatano T, Arimoto-kobayashi S. Isolation of new photoadducts from UVA-irradiated N-nitrosoproline with 2'-deoxyadenosine and characterization of photoadducts from DNA irradiated with N-nitrosoproline. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020; 400:112621. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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46926
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Kumar L, Lal K, Yadav P, Kumar A, Paul AK. Synthesis, characterization, α-glucosidase inhibition and molecular modeling studies of some pyrazoline-1H-1,2,3-triazole hybrids. J Mol Struct 2020; 1216:128253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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46927
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Liu CZ, Guo WP, Peng JB, Chen G, Lin P, Huang XL, Liu XF, Yang H, He Y, Pang YY, Ma W. Clinical significance of CCNE2 protein and mRNA expression in thyroid cancer tissues. Adv Med Sci 2020; 65:442-456. [PMID: 33059229 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Thyroid carcinoma (TC) is the most common endocrinal malignancy worldwide. Cyclin E2 (CCNE2), a member of the cyclin family, acts as a regulatory subunit of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). It controls the transition of quiescent cells into the cell cycle, regulates the G1/S transition, promotes DNA replication, and activates CDK2. This study explored the role and potential molecular mechanisms of CCNE2 expression in TC tissues. MATERIAL/METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the CCNE2 protein expression levels in TC. High-throughput data on CCNE2 in TC were obtained from RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), microarray, and literature data. The CCNE2 expression levels in TC were comprehensively assessed through an integrated analysis. Analyses of Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and protein-protein interaction (PPIs) data facilitated the investigation of the relative molecular mechanisms of CCNE2 in TC. RESULTS The immunohistochemical experiment showed a significant increase in the expression of CCNE2 in the TC tissues. For 505 TC and 59 non-cancerous samples from RNA-seq data, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.8016 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.742-0.8612; p<0.001). With another 14 microarrays, the pool standard mean difference [SMD] was 1.01 (95% CI [0.82-1.19]). The pooled SMD of CCNE2 was 1.12 (95% CI [0.60-1.64]), and the AUC was 0.87 (95% CI [0.84-0.90]) for 1157 TC samples and 366 non-cancerous thyroid samples from all possible sources. Nine hub genes were upregulated in TC. CONCLUSIONS A high expression of CCNE2 may lead to carcinogenesis and the development of TC.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/pathology
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Papillary/genetics
- Carcinoma, Papillary/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology
- Cell Proliferation
- Cyclins/genetics
- Cyclins/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Survival Rate
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Zhen Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Wan-Ping Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Jin-Bo Peng
- Department of Ultrasonography, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Ultrasonography, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Xiao-Li Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Xiao-Fan Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Ultrasonography, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Yun He
- Department of Ultrasonography, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Yu-Yan Pang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China.
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46928
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Duan S, Xie L, Zheng L, Huang J, Guo R, Sun Z, Xie Y, Lv J, Lin Z, Ma S. Long-term exposure to ephedrine leads to neurotoxicity and neurobehavioral disorders accompanied by up-regulation of CRF in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in rhesus macaques. Behav Brain Res 2020; 393:112796. [PMID: 32634541 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Drug addiction continues to threaten the health and welfare of people worldwide, and ephedrine abuse is a serious drug problem in many areas of the world. Ephedrine toxicity is thought to induce behavioral effects primarily through actions on the central nervous system. The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system plays an important role in regulating behavioral effects induced by addictive drugs, but whether CRF is related to ephedrine toxicity remains unclear. This study seeks to examine whether there is a correlation between the CRF and chronic ephedrine neurotoxicity. To this end, we established a chronic ephedrine (0.4-1.6 mg/kg/d) exposure model in rhesus macaques, assessed its effects on body weight and behavior, examined neuronal changes in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and measured the CRF expression in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. After 8-weeks of exposure to ephedrine, the toxic effects of ephedrine included significant weight loss and induction of behavioral changes in rhesus macaques. In particular, in the modeling group, the abnormal behavioral changes mainly manifested as irritability and behavioral sensitization. Meanwhile, the histological abnormalities included neuronal morphological changes, pyknosis and irregular shapes of neurons in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. In addition, the expression levels of CRF mRNA and protein were increased in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of ephedrine-treated animals. In summary, the finding of this study indicated that ephedrine neurotoxicity can cause neuronal damage in cerebral cortex, which in turn can result in certain neurobehavioral abnormalities, and that CRF expression in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus is elevated in response to ephedrine exposure. These observations suggested that long-term exposure to ephedrine might be causing neurotoxicity and leading to neurobehavioral disorders accompanied by up-regulation of CRF in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouxing Duan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Lian Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - JinZhuang Huang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - RuiWei Guo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - ZongBo Sun
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Xie
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - JunYao Lv
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - ZhiRong Lin
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuhua Ma
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
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46929
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Chagas FDDS, Lima GC, dos Santos VIN, Costa LEC, de Sousa WM, Sombra VG, de Araújo DF, Barros FCN, Marinho-Soriano E, de Andrade Feitosa JP, de Paula RCM, Pereira MG, Freitas ALP. Sulfated polysaccharide from the red algae Gelidiella acerosa: Anticoagulant, antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 159:415-421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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46930
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Bala A, Murasko MJ, Burk DR, Huddleston JI, Goodman SB, Maloney WJ, Amanatullah DF. Venous thromboprophylaxis after total hip arthroplasty: aspirin, warfarin, enoxaparin, or factor Xa inhibitors? Hip Int 2020; 30:564-571. [PMID: 30990095 DOI: 10.1177/1120700019841600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Debate over the ideal agent for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis after total hip arthroplasty (THA) has led to changes in prescribing trends of commonly used agents. We investigate variation in utilisation and the differences in VTE incidence and bleeding risk in primary THA after administration of aspirin, warfarin, enoxaparin, or factor Xa inhibitors. METHODS 8829 patients were age/sex matched from a large database of primary THAs performed between 2007 and 2016. Utilisation was calculated using compound annual growth rate. Incidence of postoperative deep venous thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), bleeding-related complications, postoperative anaemia, and transfusion were identified at 2 weeks, 30 days, 6 weeks, and 90 days. RESULTS Aspirin use increased by 33%, enoxaparin by 7%, and factor Xa inhibitors by 31%. Warfarin use decreased by 1%. Factor Xa inhibitors (1.7%) and aspirin (1.7%) had the lowest incidence of DVT followed by enoxaparin (2.6%), and warfarin (3.7%) at 90 days. Factor Xa inhibitors (12%) and aspirin (12%) had the lowest incidence of blood transfusion followed by warfarin (15%) and enoxaparin (17%) at 90 days. There was no difference in incidence of blood transfusion or bleeding-related complications nor any detectable difference in symptomatic PE incidence. CONCLUSIONS The utilisation of aspirin and factor Xa inhibitors increased over time. Aspirin and factor Xa inhibitors provided improved DVT prophylaxis with lower rates of postoperative anaemia compared to enoxaparin and warfarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiram Bala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Marlon J Murasko
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - David R Burk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - James I Huddleston
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Stuart B Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - William J Maloney
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Derek F Amanatullah
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Redwood City, CA, USA
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46931
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Xia Q, Jin H, Zhang X, Yan W, Meng D, Ding B, Cao J, Li D, Wang S. Prognosis prediction signature of seven immune genes based on HPV status in cervical cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106935. [PMID: 32889244 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) has a high incidence and mortality rate, with a low 5-year survival rate, and human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of its carcinogenic risks. However, little evidence exists on the impact of HPV infection on the survival of patients with CC. In the present study, the CC cohort and immune genes were downloaded from the TCGA database and the ImmPort database, respectively. Subsequently, the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was performed and found that HPV status was involved in multiple immune signaling pathways, which revealed that HPV infection might play critical roles in the immune response. Then seven prognostic immune genes were identified according to HPV status in CC. Using the seven immune genes, we established an immune risk score (IRS) signature and the Kaplan-Meier curve showed that high IRS was significantly correlated with poor prognosis of CC in both the training sets (HR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.66-3.33; AUC = 0.712) and the validation sets (HR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.02-1.85 and AUC = 0.583 in TCGA-HNSCC; HR = 2.58, 95% CI = 1.364-4.893, AUC = 0.676 in GSE44001). A nomogram of IRS combined with clinical features was established, and further analyses demonstrated that the power of the nomogram to predict the prognosis of CC was more reliable than that of a single independent factor. In conclusion, this study provided a more comprehensive understanding of the correlation between HPV and immune mechanisms as well as a novel signature that can effectively predict the prognosis of CC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Jin
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University (Nantong Tumor Hospital), Nantong, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wenjing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Dan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Ding
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Dake Li
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China.
| | - Shizhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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46932
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Bagheri H, Abedi Firouzjah R, Farhood B. Measurement of the photon and thermal neutron doses of contralateral breast surface in breast cancer radiotherapy. J Radiother Pract 2020; 19:226-232. [DOI: 10.1017/s1460396919000578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIntroduction and purpose:During the radiation therapy of tumoral breast, the contralateral breast (CB) will receive scattered doses. In the present study, the photon and thermal neutron dose values received by CB surface during breast cancer radiation therapy were measured.Materials and methods:The right breast region of RANDO phantom was considered as CB, and the measurements of photon and thermal neutron dose values were carried out on this region surface. The phantom was irradiated with 18 MV photon beams, and the dose values were measured with thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD-600 and TLD-700) chips for 11 × 13, 11 × 17 and 11 × 21 cm2 field sizes in the presence of physical and dynamic wedges.Results:The total dose values (photon + thermal neutron) received by the CB surface in the presence of physical wedge were 12·06%, 15·75% and 33·40% of the prescribed dose, respectively, for 11 × 13, 11 × 17 and 11 × 21 cm2 field sizes. The corresponding dose values for dynamic wedge were 9·18%, 12·92% and 29·26% of the prescribed dose, respectively. Moreover, the results showed that treatment field size and wedge type affect the received photon and thermal neutron doses at CB surface.Conclusion:According to our results, the total dose values received at CB surface during breast cancer radiotherapy with high-energy photon beams are remarkable. In addition, the dose values received at CB surface when using a physical wedge were greater than when using a dynamic wedge, especially for medial tangential fields.
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46933
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Thakur P, Kumar S. Metallurgical processes unveil the unexplored "sleeping mines" e- waste: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:32359-32370. [PMID: 32533494 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09405-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review paper is to critically analyze the existing studies on waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE), which is one of the most increasing solid waste streams. This complex solid waste stream has pushed many scientific communities to develop novel technologies with minimum ecological disturbance. Noteworthy amount of valuable metals makes e-waste to a core of "urban mining"; therefore, it warrants special attention. Present study is focused on all the basic conceptual knowledge of WEEE ranging from compositional analysis, global statistics of e-waste generation, and metallurgical processes applied for metals extraction from e-waste. This review critically analyses the existing studies to emphasize on the heterogeneity nature of e-waste, which has not been focused much in any of the existing review articles. Comprehensive analysis of conventional approaches such as pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy reveals that high costs and secondary pollution possibilities limit the industrial feasibilities of these processes. Therefore biohydrometallurgy, a green technology, has been attracting researchers to focus on this novel technique to implement it for metal extraction from WEEE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Thakur
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173234, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173234, India.
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46934
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He F, Huang L, Xu Q, Xiong W, Liu S, Yang H, Lu W, Xiao R, Hu Z, Cai L. Microarray profiling of differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in lung adenocarcinomas and bioinformatics analysis. Cancer Med 2020; 9:7717-7728. [PMID: 32869486 PMCID: PMC7571829 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) dysregulation leads to malignant progression of lung cancer. Our study profiled differentially expressed lncRNA and mRNA in tumor and normal tissues of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Further, analysis of the gene expression profiles of LUAD tissues (n = 533) and normal tissues (n = 59) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). A total of 138 lncRNAs were differentially expressed between LUAD tissues and normal tissues (false discovery rate [FDR] q < 0.05, fold change (FC) ≥ 2), a number of which are key regulators of multiple cancer and biological processes in humans. For example, lncRNA A2M‐AS1 displayed the highest correlation with the co‐expressed mRNAs, indicating that it might play a key role in regulating differential gene expression in LUAD. The data from the current study of the comprehensive lncRNA expression profile in LUAD tissues provided useful information to guide the identification of potential LUAD biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liping Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Basic Medicine, Zhangzhou Health Vocational College, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Qiuping Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weimin Xiong
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huimin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wanting Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rendong Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The first affiliated hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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46935
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Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) has the seventh highest incidence and the sixth highest mortality rate of any type of cancer worldwide. In China, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) accounts for more than 95% of EC patients. The main treatment for EC patients is surgery and/or chemoradiotherapy (CRT). A large proportion of EC patients are already at an advanced stage of the disease by the time they are diagnosed. In these cases, CRT is left as the only treatment choice, and the treatment outcome is poor. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can improve clinical response and patient survival of patient with many types of tumors through reactivating antitumor immune response. The study of ICIs in ESCC is relative delayed compared with that in other solid tumors. Recent results from clinical trials have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of ICIs either alone or combined with chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy in ESCC patients. Accumulated evidences also have shown the improved treatment outcome was associated with PD-L1 expression, tumor DNA instability-induced tumor mutational burden (TMB), and drawing lymphocytes into the tumor. Based on these findings, ICIs combined with CRT or radiotherapy (RT) are the focus of ongoing studies. This review will summarize the recent progress in this field, especially the mechanism of ICIs used in ESCC, their clinical efficacy and toxicities, and potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingsong Pang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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46936
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Khan F, Tabassum N, Pham DTN, Oloketuyi SF, Kim YM. Molecules involved in motility regulation in Escherichia coli cells: a review. Biofouling 2020; 36:889-908. [PMID: 33028083 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1826939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The initial colonization of the host organism by commensal, probiotic, and pathogenic Escherichia coli strains is an important step in the development of infections and biofilms. Sensing and colonization of host cell surfaces are governed by flagellar and fimbriae/pili appendages, respectively. Biofilm formation confers great advantages on pathogenic E. coli cells such as protection against the host immune system, antimicrobial agents, and several environmental stress factors. The transition from planktonic to sessile physiological states involves several signaling cascades and factors responsible for the regulation of flagellar motility in E. coli cells. These regulatory factors have thus become important targets to control pathogenicity. Hence, attenuation of flagellar motility is considered a potential therapy against pathogenic E. coli. The present review describes signaling pathways and proteins involved in direct or indirect regulation of flagellar motility. Furthermore, application strategies for antimotility natural or synthetic compounds are discussed also.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazlurrahman Khan
- Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nazia Tabassum
- Industrial Convergence Bionix Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dung Thuy Nguyen Pham
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Young-Mog Kim
- Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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46937
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Zhao N, Charland K, Carabali M, Nsoesie EO, Maheu-Giroux M, Rees E, Yuan M, Garcia Balaguera C, Jaramillo Ramirez G, Zinszer K. Machine learning and dengue forecasting: Comparing random forests and artificial neural networks for predicting dengue burden at national and sub-national scales in Colombia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008056. [PMID: 32970674 PMCID: PMC7537891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The robust estimate and forecast capability of random forests (RF) has been widely recognized, however this ensemble machine learning method has not been widely used in mosquito-borne disease forecasting. In this study, two sets of RF models were developed at the national (pooled department-level data) and department level in Colombia to predict weekly dengue cases for 12-weeks ahead. A pooled national model based on artificial neural networks (ANN) was also developed and used as a comparator to the RF models. The various predictors included historic dengue cases, satellite-derived estimates for vegetation, precipitation, and air temperature, as well as population counts, income inequality, and education. Our RF model trained on the pooled national data was more accurate for department-specific weekly dengue cases estimation compared to a local model trained only on the department's data. Additionally, the forecast errors of the national RF model were smaller to those of the national pooled ANN model and were increased with the forecast horizon increasing from one-week-ahead (mean absolute error, MAE: 9.32) to 12-weeks ahead (MAE: 24.56). There was considerable variation in the relative importance of predictors dependent on forecast horizon. The environmental and meteorological predictors were relatively important for short-term dengue forecast horizons while socio-demographic predictors were relevant for longer-term forecast horizons. This study demonstrates the potential of RF in dengue forecasting with a feasible approach of using a national pooled model to forecast at finer spatial scales. Furthermore, including sociodemographic predictors is likely to be helpful in capturing longer-term dengue trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naizhuo Zhao
- Department of Land Resource Management, School of Humanities and Law, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Katia Charland
- Centre for Public Health Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mabel Carabali
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elaine O. Nsoesie
- Department of Global Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mathieu Maheu-Giroux
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Quebec Population Health Research Network, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Erin Rees
- Public Health Risk Sciences Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mengru Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Kate Zinszer
- Centre for Public Health Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Quebec Population Health Research Network, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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46938
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Gao M, Chang X, Yang Y, Song Z. Foliar graphene oxide treatment increases photosynthetic capacity and reduces oxidative stress in cadmium-stressed lettuce. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 154:287-294. [PMID: 32585429 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The application of graphene oxide (GO) in the environment can have a positive or negative effect on the toxicity of pollutants, but the effect of GO on cadmium (Cd2+)-stressed lettuce has not yet been thoroughly studied. Therefore, we assessed the potential effects of foliar GO sprays on photosynthesis and antioxidant systems in Cd-stressed lettuce. We found that the foliar application of 30 mg L-1 of GO could significantly reduce signs of Cd2+ toxicity in lettuce. We observed increased net photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance, transpiration rates, chlorophyll content, primary maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, actual quantum yield, photosynthetic electron transport rates, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and oxygenase concentrations, and biomass in Cd2+-stressed lettuce treated with GO. In addition, the foliar application of 30 mg L-1 of GO reduced the accumulation of the reactive oxygen species O·̄2 and H2O2, malondialdehyde content, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The decreased antioxidant enzyme activity could have been due to the decrease in reactive oxygen species. Cd2+ pollution is highly destructive to agricultural products, and the foliar application of GO provides a new potential tactic to improve the tolerance of plants to heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minling Gao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, No 243 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515063, China
| | - Xipeng Chang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, No. 399 Binshui West Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Yujuan Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, No. 399 Binshui West Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Zhengguo Song
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, No 243 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515063, China.
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46939
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Chen IP, Bender M, Spassova I, Henning S, Kubat L, Fan K, Degenhardt S, Mhamdi-Ghodbani M, Sriram A, Volkmer B, Boukamp P, Becker JC, Greinert R. UV-type specific alteration of miRNA expression and its association with tumor progression and metastasis in SCC cell lines. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:3215-31. [PMID: 32865618 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03358-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE UV exposure is the main risk factor for development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). While early detection greatly improves cSCC prognosis, locally advanced or metastatic cSCC has a severely impaired prognosis. Notably, the mechanisms of progression to metastatic cSCC are not well understood. We hypothesized that UV exposure of already transformed epithelial cSCC cells further induces changes which might be involved in the progression to metastatic cSCCs and that UV-inducible microRNAs (miRNAs) might play an important role. METHODS Thus, we analyzed the impact of UV radiation of different quality (UVA, UVB, UVA + UVB) on the miRNA expression pattern in established cell lines generated from primary and metastatic cSCCs (Met-1, Met-4) using the NanoString nCounter platform. RESULTS This analysis revealed that the expression pattern of miRNAs depends on both the cell line used per se and on the quality of UV radiation. Comparison of UV-induced miRNAs in cSCC cell lines established from a primary tumor (Met-1) and the respective (un-irradiated) metastasis (Met-4) suggest that miR-7-5p, miR-29a-3p and miR-183-5p are involved in a UV-driven pathway of progression to metastasis. This notion is supported by the fact that these three miRNAs build up a network of 81 potential target genes involved e.g. in UVA/UVB-induced MAPK signaling and regulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. As an example, PTEN, a target of UV-upregulated miRNAs (miR-29a-3p, miR-183-5p), could be shown to be down-regulated in response to UV radiation. We further identified CNOT8, the transcription complex subunit 8 of the CCR4-NOT complex, a deadenylase removing the poly(A) tail from miRNA-destabilized mRNAs, in the center of this network, targeted by all three miRNAs. CONCLUSION In summary, our results demonstrate that UV radiation induces an miRNA expression pattern in primary SCC cell line partly resembling those of metastatic cell line, thus suggesting that UV radiation impacts SCC progression beyond initiation.
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46940
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Lertpatipanpong P, Janpaijit S, Park EY, Kim CT, Baek SJ. Potential Anti-Diabetic Activity of Pueraria lobata Flower (Flos Puerariae) Extracts. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173970. [PMID: 32878147 PMCID: PMC7504745 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pueraria lobata (Wild.) Ohwi. (P. lobata) flowers known as ‘Kudzu flower’ contain isoflavonoids and essential oil components. They have a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities, including protective effects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hyperglycemia, and hypolipidemia, anti-mutagenic effects, and benefits for weight loss. However, the molecular mechanism of these effects remains unclear. Our study aimed to systematically examine the effects of flos puerariae crude extract (FPE) as an anti-diabetic agent using in vitro assays. The cytotoxicity of FPE was evaluated using MTS assay in L6 rat myocyte and 3T3-L1 murine fibroblast cell lines. PPARγ binding activity and adipogenesis were examined using dual-luciferase and differentiation assays, respectively. For investigating the anti-diabetic activity, glucose utilization, including GLUT4 protein expression, glucose uptake assay, and GLUT4 translocation using immunofluorescence microscopy were conducted in L6 cells. Furthermore, we assessed the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of FPE. Our results demonstrated the ability to augment glucose uptake in L6 cells and enhance glucose utilization activity by increasing the expression of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4). In summary, our findings suggest that FPE may be a potential anti-diabetic substance for the treatment of diabetic patients and can prevent inflammatory or oxidation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattawika Lertpatipanpong
- Laboratory of Signal transduction, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (P.L.); (S.J.)
| | - Sakawrat Janpaijit
- Laboratory of Signal transduction, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (P.L.); (S.J.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Age-Related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Eul-Yong Park
- R&D Center, EastHill Co. 33, Omokcheon-ro 132 beon-gil, Gwonseon-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16642, Korea; (E.-Y.P.); (C.-T.K.)
| | - Chong-Tai Kim
- R&D Center, EastHill Co. 33, Omokcheon-ro 132 beon-gil, Gwonseon-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16642, Korea; (E.-Y.P.); (C.-T.K.)
| | - Seung Joon Baek
- Laboratory of Signal transduction, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (P.L.); (S.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-880-1195
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46941
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Chipindu L, Mupangwa W, Mtsilizah J, Nyagumbo I, Zaman-allah M. Maize Kernel Abortion Recognition and Classification Using Binary Classification Machine Learning Algorithms and Deep Convolutional Neural Networks. AI 2020; 1:361-75. [DOI: 10.3390/ai1030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize kernel traits such as kernel length, kernel width, and kernel number determine the total kernel weight and, consequently, maize yield. Therefore, the measurement of kernel traits is important for maize breeding and the evaluation of maize yield. There are a few methods that allow the extraction of ear and kernel features through image processing. We evaluated the potential of deep convolutional neural networks and binary machine learning (ML) algorithms (logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), AdaBoost (ADB), Classification tree (CART), and the K-Neighbor (kNN)) for accurate maize kernel abortion detection and classification. The algorithms were trained using 75% of 66 total images, and the remaining 25% was used for testing their performance. Confusion matrix, classification accuracy, and precision were the major metrics in evaluating the performance of the algorithms. The SVM and LR algorithms were highly accurate and precise (100%) under all the abortion statuses, while the remaining algorithms had a performance greater than 95%. Deep convolutional neural networks were further evaluated using different activation and optimization techniques. The best performance (100% accuracy) was reached using the rectifier linear unit (ReLu) activation procedure and the Adam optimization technique. Maize ear with abortion were accurately detected by all tested algorithms with minimum training and testing time compared to ear without abortion. The findings suggest that deep convolutional neural networks can be used to detect the maize ear abortion status supplemented with the binary machine learning algorithms in maize breading programs. By using a convolution neural network (CNN) method, more data (big data) can be collected and processed for hundreds of maize ears, accelerating the phenotyping process.
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46942
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Sang ER, Tian Y, Gong Y, Miller LC, Sang Y. Integrate structural analysis, isoform diversity, and interferon-inductive propensity of ACE2 to predict SARS-CoV2 susceptibility in vertebrates. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04818. [PMID: 32904785 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The current new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused globally over 0.4/6 million confirmed deaths/infected cases across more than 200 countries. As the etiological coronavirus (a.k.a. SARS-CoV2) may putatively have a bat origin, our understanding about its intermediate reservoir between bats and humans, especially its tropism in wild and domestic animals are mostly unknown. This constitutes major concerns in public health for the current pandemics and potential zoonosis. Previous reports using structural analysis of the viral spike protein (S) binding its cell receptor of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), indicate a broad potential of SARS-CoV2 susceptibility in wild and particularly domestic animals. Through integration of key immunogenetic factors, including the existence of S-binding-void ACE2 isoforms and the disparity of ACE2 expression upon early innate immune response, we further refine the SARS-CoV2 susceptibility prediction to fit recent experimental validation. In addition to showing a broad susceptibility potential across mammalian species based on structural analysis, our results also reveal that domestic animals including dogs, pigs, cattle and goats may evolve ACE2-related immunogenetic diversity to restrict SARS-CoV2 infections. Thus, we propose that domestic animals may be unlikely to play a role as amplifying hosts unless the virus has further species-specific adaptation. Findings may relieve relevant public concerns regarding COVID-19-like risk in domestic animals, highlight virus-host coevolution, and evoke disease intervention through targeting ACE2 molecular diversity and interferon optimization.
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46943
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Wang AYL, Loh CYY, Shen HH, Hsieh SY, Wang IK, Lee CM, Lin CH. Human Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Sciatic Nerve Recovery Is Associated with the Upregulation of Regulatory T Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6310. [PMID: 32878186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The acceleration of peripheral nerve regeneration is crucial for functional nerve recovery. Our previous study demonstrated that human Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSC) promote sciatic nerve recovery and regeneration via the direct upregulation and release of neurotrophic factors. However, the immunomodulatory role of hWJ-MSC in sciatic nerve recovery remains unclear. The effects of hWJ-MSC on innate immunity, represented by macrophages, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells, as well as on adaptive immunity, represented by CD4+ T, CD8+ T, B, and regulatory T cells (Tregs), were examined using flow cytometry. Interestingly, a significantly increased level of Tregs was detected in blood, lymph nodes (LNs), and nerve-infiltrating cells on POD7, 15, 21, and 35. Anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-10, were significantly upregulated in the LNs and nerves of hWJ-MSC-treated mice. Treg depletion neutralized the improved effects of hWJ-MSC on sciatic nerve recovery. In contrast, Treg administration promoted the functional recovery of five-toe spread and gait stance. hWJ-MSC also expressed high levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines TGF-β and IL-35. This study indicated that hWJ-MSC induce Treg development to modulate the balance between pro- and anti-inflammation at the injured sciatic nerve by secreting higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines.
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46944
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Xu Y, Sun Q, Yuan F, Dong H, Zhang H, Geng R, Qi Y, Xiong X, Chen Q, Liu B. RND2 attenuates apoptosis and autophagy in glioblastoma cells by targeting the p38 MAPK signalling pathway. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2020; 39:174. [PMID: 32867814 PMCID: PMC7457501 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01671-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibition of p38 MAPK signalling leads to glioblastoma multiform (GBM) tumourigenesis. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism that induces p38 MAPK signalling pathway silencing during GBM genesis has yet to be determined. Identifying new factors that can regulate p38 MAPK signalling is important for tumour treatment. METHODS Flow cytometry, TUNEL assays, immunofluorescence, JC-1 assays, and western blot analyses were used to detect the apoptosis of GBM cells. The specific methods used to detect autophagy levels in GBM cells were western blot analysis, LC3B protein immunofluorescence, LC3B puncta assays and transmission electron microscopy. The functions of these critical molecules were further confirmed in vivo by intracranial xenografts in nude mice. Tumour tissue samples and clinical information were used to identify the correlation between RND2 and p62 and LC3B expression, survival time of patients, and tumour volumes in clinical patients. RESULTS By summarizing data from the TCGA database, we found that expression of the small GTPase RND2 was significantly increased in human glioblastomas. Our study demonstrated that RND2 functions as an endogenous repressor of the p38 MAPK phosphorylation complex. RND2 physically interacted with p38 and decreased p38 phosphorylation, thereby inhibiting p38 MAPK signalling activities. The forced expression of RND2 repressed p38 MAPK signalling, which inhibited glioblastoma cell autophagy and apoptosis in vitro and induced tumour growth in the xenografted mice in vivo. By contrast, the downregulation of RND2 enhanced p38 MAPK signalling activities and promoted glioma cell autophagy and apoptosis. The inhibition of p38 phosphorylation abolished RND2 deficiency-mediated GBM cell autophagy and apoptosis. Most importantly, our study found that RND2 expression was inversely correlated with patient survival time and was positively correlated with tumour size. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed a new function for RND2 in GBM cell death and offered mechanistic insights into the inhibitory effects of RND2 with regard to the regulation of p38 MAPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Street, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.,Central laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Street, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.,Central laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Fan'en Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Street, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.,Central laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Huimin Dong
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Huikai Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Street, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.,Central laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Rongxin Geng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Street, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.,Central laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Yangzhi Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Street, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.,Central laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Street, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.,Central laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Street, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China. .,Central laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Baohui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Street, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China. .,Central laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
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46945
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Carando R, Soldini E, Cotrufo S, Zazzara M, Ludovico GM. Electro-mediated drug administration of mitomycin C in preventing non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer recurrence and progression after transurethral resection of the bladder tumour in intermediate- and high-risk patients. Arab J Urol 2020; 19:71-77. [PMID: 33763251 PMCID: PMC7954506 DOI: 10.1080/2090598x.2020.1816150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of electro-mediated drug administration of mitomycin C (EMDA/MMC) after transurethral resection of the bladder tumour (TURBT) in preventing non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) recurrence and progression and to explore clinical and demographic factors associated with treatment response. Patients and methods Between April 2016 and August 2019, 112 patients diagnosed with intermediate- or high-risk NMIBC underwent a TURBT followed by an EMDA/MMC treatment. The percentage of treatment responders and progression-free survivors at 3 and 6 months were evaluated. Results Follow-up data were available for 101 patients (90%) at 3 months and 92 (82%) at 6 months. Response rates to EMDA/MMC treatment were 85% at 3 months and 75% at 6 months, and progression-free rates were 94% and 90%, respectively. No statistically significant differences were seen between intermediate- and high-risk patients. A higher risk of tumour recurrence and progression was associated with previous Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) failure. According to the Clavien–Dindo classification, only low-grade complications were observed. Conclusions EMDA/MMC after TURBT was associated with high response and progression-free rates at 3 and 6 months, with only low-grade adverse events. These results confirm the efficacy and safety of EMDA/MMC as a therapeutic option for both intermediate- and high-risk patients. However, patients with BCG failure responded poorly to EMDA/MMC. Abbreviations: ACCI: age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index; CHT: chemohyperthermia; CIS: carcinoma in situ; EMDA: electro-mediated drug administration; EORTC: European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer; IQR: interquartile range; (N)MIBC: (non-)muscle-invasive bladder cancer; MMC: mitomycin C; OR, odds ratio; TURBT: transurethral resection of the bladder tumour
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Carando
- Klinik für Urologie, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Luzern, Switzerland.,Clinica Luganese Moncucco, Lugano, Switzerland.,Clinica S. Anna, Sorengo, Switzerland.,Clinica S. Chiara, Locarno, Switzerland
| | - Emiliano Soldini
- Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, Research Methodology Competence Centre, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Manno, Switzerland
| | - Simone Cotrufo
- Department of Urology, Ospedale F. Miulli, Acquaviva delle Fonti, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Zazzara
- Department of Urology, Ospedale F. Miulli, Acquaviva delle Fonti, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe M Ludovico
- Department of Urology, Ospedale F. Miulli, Acquaviva delle Fonti, Bari, Italy
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46946
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Flem-Karlsen K, Fodstad Ø, Nunes-Xavier CE. B7-H3 Immune Checkpoint Protein in Human Cancer. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:4062-4086. [PMID: 31099317 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190517115515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
B7-H3 belongs to the B7 family of immune checkpoint proteins, which are important regulators of the adaptive immune response and emerging key players in human cancer. B7-H3 is a transmembrane protein expressed on the surface of tumor cells, antigen presenting cells, natural killer cells, tumor endothelial cells, but can also be present in intra- and extracellular vesicles. Additionally, B7-H3 may be present as a circulating soluble isoform in serum and other body fluids. B7-H3 is overexpressed in a variety of tumor types, in correlation with poor prognosis. B7-H3 is a promising new immunotherapy target for anti-cancer immune response, as well as a potential biomarker. Besides its immunoregulatory role, B7-H3 has intrinsic pro-tumorigenic activities related to enhanced cell proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, metastatic capacity and anti-cancer drug resistance. B7-H3 has also been found to regulate key metabolic enzymes, promoting the high glycolytic capacity of cancer cells. B7-H3 receptors are still not identified, and little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying B7-H3 functions. Here, we review the current knowledge on the involvement of B7-H3 in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Flem-Karlsen
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Fodstad
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Caroline E Nunes-Xavier
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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46947
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Cai X, Hu B, Liu S, Liu M, Huang Y, Lei P, Zhang Z, He Z, Zhang L, Huang R. Overexpression of close homolog of L1 enhances the chemosensitivity of lung cancer cells via inhibition of the Akt pathway. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:111. [PMID: 32863924 PMCID: PMC7448558 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance leads to tumor relapse and further progression during chemotherapy in lung cancer. Close homolog of L1 (CHL1) has been identified as a tumor suppressor in most malignancies. However, to the best of our knowledge, whether CHL1 mediates chemoresistance remains unknown. The present study observed that CHL1 was significantly downregulated in cisplatin (DDP)-resistant cells (A549/DDP) and paclitaxel (PTX)-resistant cells (A549/PTX) compared with A549 cells. When treated with or without DDP and PTX, silencing of CHL1 in A549 cells promoted the cell survival rate and clone formation, and decreased apoptosis. Whereas overexpression of CHL1 in A549/DDP and A549/PTX cells impeded the cell survival and clone formation and promoted apoptosis. Additionally, CHL1 overexpression enhanced the chemosensitivity of A549/DDP cells to DDP in vivo. Notably, the chemoresistance induced by CHL1 depletion was reversed by the Akt inhibitor SC66 in A549 cells. The results of the present study demonstrated that CHL1 enhanced sensitivity of lung cancer cells by suppressing the Akt pathway, which suggested that CHL1 may be a potential target for overcoming chemoresistance in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdao Cai
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde, Hunan 415000, P.R. China
| | - Bang Hu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde, Hunan 415000, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde, Hunan 415000, P.R. China
| | - Maolin Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde, Hunan 415000, P.R. China
| | - Yunhe Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde, Hunan 415000, P.R. China
| | - Peng Lei
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde, Hunan 415000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde, Hunan 415000, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei He
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde, Hunan 415000, P.R. China
| | - Linquan Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde, Hunan 415000, P.R. China
| | - Rimao Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde, Hunan 415000, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 418008, P.R. China
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46948
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Arora R, Goel R, Kumar S, Chhabra M, Saxena S, Manchanda V, Pumma P. Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 in Tears of Patients with Moderate to Severe COVID-19. Ophthalmology 2020; 128:494-503. [PMID: 32882309 PMCID: PMC7458068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in tears of patients with moderate to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS Patients with laboratory-proven moderate to severe COVID-19. METHODS Tears were collected within 48 hours of laboratory confirmation using 3 methods: conjunctival swab plus Schirmer's test strips (group 1), conjunctival swab (group 2), and Schirmer's test strips (group 3). Samples from both the eyes of each patient were transported in a single viral transport media for real-time RT-PCR. Detailed demographic profiles, systemic symptoms, comorbidities, and ocular manifestations were noted. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Viral load of a sample was determined using cycle threshold (Ct) value of E gene. A specimen was considered to show positive results if the amplification curve for the E gene crossed the threshold line within 35 cycles and if it showed positive results on an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase or open reading frame 1b gene assay. RESULTS Of the 78 patients enrolled in the study, samples from 3 patients were found to be inadequate for analysis. Thirty-six patients (48%) had moderate disease, whereas 39 patients (52%) had severe disease, with no ocular involvement in any patient. In the 75 patients, RT-PCR analysis of tears showed positive results in 18 patients (24%), and 29 of 225 samples (12.9%) showed positive results. Positive results were found in 11 (14.7%), 11 (14.7%), and 7 (9.3%) patients in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (P = 0.3105). Mean Ct values in groups 1, 2, and 3 were 28.36 ± 6.15, 29.00 ± 5.58, and 27.86 ± 6.46 (P = 0.92), respectively. Five patients showed positive RT-PCR results by all 3 methods (mean Ct value, 25.24 ± 6.33), and 12 patients showed positive results by any of the 3 methods (mean Ct value, 32.16 ± 1.94), the difference in Ct values being statistically significant (P = 0.029). The median value of symptomatology in patients with positive RT-PCR results from tears was 5 days (range, 4-9 days). CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in tears of 24% of patients with laboratory-proven moderate to severe COVID-19. Conjunctival swab remains the gold standard of tear collection for RT-PCR assay. A significantly higher possibility of viral transmission exists through tears in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Arora
- Guru Nanak Eye Centre, Department of Ophthalmology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Ruchi Goel
- Guru Nanak Eye Centre, Department of Ophthalmology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Guru Nanak Eye Centre, Department of Ophthalmology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohit Chhabra
- Guru Nanak Eye Centre, Department of Ophthalmology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonal Saxena
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikas Manchanda
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Palak Pumma
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
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46949
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Wang Z, Li X, Huang L, Liu G, Chen Y, Li B, Zhao X, Xie R, Li Y, Fang W. Long Non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), A New Target in Stroke. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020. [PMID: 32865676 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00954-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stroke has become the most disabling and the second most fatal disease in the world. It has been a top priority to reveal the pathophysiology of stroke at cellular and molecular levels. A large number of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are identified to be abnormally expressed after stroke. Here, we summarize 35 lncRNAs associated with stroke, and clarify their functions on the prognosis through signal transduction and predictive values as biomarkers. Changes in the expression of these lncRNAs mediate a wide range of pathological processes in stroke, including apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis, and autophagy. Based on the exploration of the functions and mechanisms of lncRNAs in stroke, more timely, accurate predictions and more effective, safer treatments for stroke could be developed.
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46950
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Frantzi M, Hupe MC, Merseburger AS, Schanstra JP, Mischak H, Latosinska A. Omics Derived Biomarkers and Novel Drug Targets for Improved Intervention in Advanced Prostate Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E658. [PMID: 32878288 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10090658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies, and the fifth leading cause of cancer related mortality in men. For advanced PCa, radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy, and/or long-term androgen deprivation therapy are the recommended treatment options. However, subsequent progression to metastatic disease after initial therapy results in low 5-year survival rates (29%). Omics technologies enable the acquisition of high-resolution large datasets that can provide insights into molecular mechanisms underlying PCa pathology. For the purpose of this article, a systematic literature search was conducted through the Web of Science Database to critically evaluate recent omics-driven studies that were performed towards: (a) Biomarker development and (b) characterization of novel molecular-based therapeutic targets. The results indicate that multiple omics-based biomarkers with prognostic and predictive value have been validated in the context of PCa, with several of those being also available for commercial use. At the same time, omics-driven potential drug targets have been investigated in pre-clinical settings and even in clinical trials, holding the promise for improved clinical management of advanced PCa, as part of personalized medicine pipelines.
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