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Miao Y, Bai J, Shen Z, Li Y, Zhang W, Zhu D, Ren R, Zhang J, Guo D, Tarimo CS, Dong W, Liu R, Zhao Q, Hu J, Li M, Wei W. How urban versus rural population relates to COVID-19 booster vaccine hesitancy: A propensity score matching design study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2297490. [PMID: 38214317 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2297490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the vaccine hesitancy has significantly affected the vaccination. To evaluate the booster vaccine hesitancy and its influencing factors among urban and rural residents, as well as to estimate the net difference of booster vaccine hesitancy between urban and rural residents. We conducted a nationwide, cross-sectional Internet survey on 1-8 February 2023, and employed stratified random sampling technique to select participants (≥18 years old) from urban and rural areas. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the factors impacting booster vaccine hesitancy. Propensity Score Matching was used to estimate the net difference of COVID-19 booster vaccine hesitancy between urban and rural residents. The overall COVID-19 booster vaccine hesitancy rate of residents was 28.43%. The COVID-19 booster vaccine hesitancy rate among urban residents was found to be 34.70%, among rural residents was 20.25%. Chronic diseases, infection status, vaccination benefits, and trust in vaccine developers were associated with booster vaccine hesitancy among urban residents. Barriers of vaccination were associated with booster vaccine hesitancy among rural residents. PSM analysis showed that the urban residents have a higher booster vaccine hesitancy rate than rural residents, with a net difference of 6.20%. The vaccine hesitancy rate increased significantly, and the urban residents have a higher COVID-19 booster vaccine hesitancy than rural residents. It becomes crucial to enhance the dissemination of information regarding the advantages of vaccination and foster greater trust among urban residents toward the healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Miao
- Department of Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Junwen Bai
- Department of Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhanlei Shen
- Department of Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wanliang Zhang
- Department of Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dongfang Zhu
- Department of Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute for Hospital Management of Henan Province, Henan, China
| | - Ruizhe Ren
- Department of Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jingbao Zhang
- Department of Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dan Guo
- Department of Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Clifford Silver Tarimo
- Department of Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Science and Laboratory Technology, Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Wenyong Dong
- Department of Hypertension, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Rongmei Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory for Health Management of Chronic Diseases, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiuping Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory for Health Management of Chronic Diseases, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jianping Hu
- Henan Engineering technology Research Center for Health Big Data Governance, Henan Medical Communication and Project Forward Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Miaojun Li
- Henan Engineering technology Research Center for Health Big Data Governance, Henan Medical Communication and Project Forward Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Medical Imaging, Henan Provincial People's Hospital & the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Dinç HÖ, Can G, Budak B, Daşdemir FO, Keskin E, Kirkoyun-Uysal H, Aydoğan O, Balkan II, Karaali R, Ergin S, Saltoğlu N, Kocazeybek B. Antibody responses post-booster COVID-19 vaccination: Insights from a single-center prospective cohort study. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 110:116425. [PMID: 39098282 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the effect of booster dose COVID-19 vaccines on prevention and humoral immune response in individuals with different vaccination schemes during the period BA.4 and BA.5 omicron sub-variants were globally dominant. The study included 146 individuals who preferred different vaccination schemes for booster doses. Anti-spike/RBD-IgG and neutralizing antibody levels were measured 28 days after the booster dose vaccination upon their consent. There is no significant difference between median antibody titers detected according to different vaccination schemes. SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody inhibition percentages were detected significantly higher in serum samples before and after the last booster dose in 2 BNT162b2+1 BNT162b2(99.42 %), 2 BNT162b2 + 2 BNT162b2(99.42 %), and 2 BNT162b2 + 3 BNT162b2(99.42 %) vaccination schemes (p = 0.004, p = 0.044, p = 0.002,respectively). The study indicated that a booster vaccination dose provides a high level of protection against severe COVID-19 and death. We think that the variant-specific pancoronavirus vaccines will be necessary to protect against breakthrough infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harika-Öykü Dinç
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, 34768, Turkey
| | - Günay Can
- Department of Public Health, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Beyhan Budak
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Ferhat-Osman Daşdemir
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Elif Keskin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Hayriye Kirkoyun-Uysal
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Okan Aydoğan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey
| | - Ilker-Inanç Balkan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Rıdvan Karaali
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Ergin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Neşe Saltoğlu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Bekir Kocazeybek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul 34098, Turkey.
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Lee HR, Kim SR, Cho MH, Kim DE, Jang SY, Lee JE, Jeong HR, Kang HJ, Song JY, Chun BC. Incidence and risk factors of COVID-19 in a tertiary hospital and the effectiveness of booster vaccination among health care workers: A retrospective cohort study, January 2020 to June 2022. Am J Infect Control 2024; 52:688-695. [PMID: 38246494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health care workers (HCWs) face a higher risk of infection and may transmit pathogens to patients during a pandemic. This study aims to evaluate infection-control measures by analyzing the incidence and risk factors of COVID-19 and estimating vaccine effectiveness (VE) at a tertiary hospital in Seoul, Republic of Korea. METHODS This study included 2,516 HCWs from January 1, 2020, to June 30, 2022. Data were analyzed to determine the incidence density and cumulative incidence; the results were compared by the age- and gender-specific standardized incidence ratios (SIR). VE was estimated with multivariate Cox proportional-hazard models as 1-adjusted hazard ratio × 100%. RESULTS SIR indicated a lower COVID-19 risk in the hospital population than in the general Korean population (SIR, 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76-0.87). Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that, compared to doctors, nonmedical service supporters and other HCWs (excluding doctors and nurses) were high-risk groups (adjusted hazard ratio [95% CI], 1.72 [1.04-2.83] and 1.76 [1.20-2.58], respectively). Compared to the outpatient unit, the emergency department was a high-risk department (1.70 [1.16-2.50]). The VE of the booster dose was 55.47%, compared to no or incomplete vaccination (95% CI: 22.63-74.37). CONCLUSIONS Besides encouraging HCWs vaccination, effective infection-control measures should target high-risk groups and departments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Ry Lee
- Infection Control Team, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Epidemiology and Health Informatics, Graduate School of Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Ran Kim
- Infection Control Team, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Hee Cho
- Infection Control Team, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Da Eun Kim
- Infection Control Team, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su Yeon Jang
- Infection Control Team, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Eun Lee
- Infection Control Team, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Rin Jeong
- Infection Control Team, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Jeong Kang
- Infection Control Team, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon Young Song
- Infection Control Team, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung Chul Chun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Informatics, Graduate School of Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Mink S, Reimann P, Fraunberger P. Prognostic value of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: a systematic review. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:1029-1043. [PMID: 38349073 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-1487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Globally, over 772 million cases of COVID-19 have been reported. New variants of interest with corresponding spikes in case numbers continue to be identified. Vulnerable patients, including older adults or patients with severe comorbidities, continue to be at risk. A large body of evidence has been accumulated regarding anti-SARS-CoV-2-antibodies and COVID-19 but the usefulness of antibody measurements remains unclear. This systematic review aims to assess the prognostic value of anti-SARS-CoV-2-antibodies and their usefulness for guiding booster vaccinations. METHODS Studies in English and published between January 2020 and October 2023 were included. Studies that relied on multiparameter-models or comprised fewer than 100 participants were excluded. PubMed and via the WHO COVID-19 research database, Embase and Medline databases were searched. Study selection and quality assessment was conducted independently by two researchers. RESULTS After screening 1,160 studies, 33 studies comprising >30 million individuals were included. Anti-SARS-CoV-2-antibodies were strongly associated with reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2-infection and better outcomes, including mortality. Risk of infection and COVID-19 severity decreased with increasing antibody levels. CONCLUSIONS Anti-SARS-CoV-2-antibodies are useful for early identification of high-risk patients and timely adjustment of therapy. Protective thresholds may be applied to advise booster vaccinations but verification in separate cohorts is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Mink
- Central Medical Laboratories, Feldkirch, Austria
- Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Principality of Liechtenstein
| | - Patrick Reimann
- Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Principality of Liechtenstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Peter Fraunberger
- Central Medical Laboratories, Feldkirch, Austria
- Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Principality of Liechtenstein
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Tripodi D, Dominici R, Sacco D, Pozzobon C, Spiti S, Falbo R, Brambilla P, Mascagni P, Leoni V. Antibody Response against SARS-CoV-2 after mRNA Vaccine in a Cohort of Hospital Healthy Workers Followed for 17 Months. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:506. [PMID: 38793757 PMCID: PMC11125999 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The assessment of antibody response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is of critical importance to verify the protective efficacy of available vaccines. Hospital healthcare workers play an essential role in the care and treatment of patients and were particularly at risk of contracting the SARS-CoV-2 infection during the pandemic. The vaccination protocol introduced in our hospital protected the workers and contributed to the containment of the infection' s spread and transmission, although a reduction in vaccine efficacy against symptomatic and breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals was observed over time. Here, we present the results of a longitudinal and prospective analysis of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at multiple time points over a 17-month period to determine how circulating antibody levels change over time following natural infection and vaccination for SARS-CoV-2 before (T0-T4) and after the spread of the omicron variant (T5-T6), analyzing the antibody response of 232 healthy workers at the Pio XI hospital in Desio. A General Estimating Equation model indicated a significant association of the antibody response with time intervals and hospital area, independent of age and sex. Specifically, a similar pattern of antibody response was observed between the surgery and administrative departments, and a different pattern with higher peaks of average antibody response was observed in the emergency and medical departments. Furthermore, using a logistic model, we found no differences in contracting SARS-CoV-2 after the third dose based on the hospital department. Finally, analysis of antibody distribution following the spread of the omicron variant, subdividing the cohort of positive individuals into centiles, highlighted a cut-off of 550 BAU/mL and showed that subjects with antibodies below this are more susceptible to infection than those with a concentration above the established cut-off value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Tripodi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology and Toxicology, Hospital Pio XI of Desio, ASST-Brianza, 20832 Desio, Italy; (D.T.); (R.D.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Roberto Dominici
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology and Toxicology, Hospital Pio XI of Desio, ASST-Brianza, 20832 Desio, Italy; (D.T.); (R.D.)
| | - Davide Sacco
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Centro Diagnostico Italiano, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Pozzobon
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology and Toxicology, Hospital Pio XI of Desio, ASST-Brianza, 20832 Desio, Italy; (D.T.); (R.D.)
| | - Simona Spiti
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology and Toxicology, Hospital Pio XI of Desio, ASST-Brianza, 20832 Desio, Italy; (D.T.); (R.D.)
| | - Rosanna Falbo
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology and Toxicology, Hospital Pio XI of Desio, ASST-Brianza, 20832 Desio, Italy; (D.T.); (R.D.)
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology and Toxicology, Hospital Pio XI of Desio, ASST-Brianza, 20832 Desio, Italy; (D.T.); (R.D.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Paolo Mascagni
- Clinical Unit of Occupational Health, Desio Hospital, ASST Brianza, 20832 Desio, Italy
| | - Valerio Leoni
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology and Toxicology, Hospital Pio XI of Desio, ASST-Brianza, 20832 Desio, Italy; (D.T.); (R.D.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
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6
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Tauman R. Response to Daungsupawong H. and Wiwanitkit V. Sleep Med 2024; 117:219. [PMID: 38531752 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Riva Tauman
- Sieratzki-Sagol Institute for Sleep Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Tauman R, Henig O, Rosenberg E, Marudi O, Dunietz TM, Grandner MA, Spitzer A, Zeltser D, Mizrahi M, Sprecher E, Ben-Ami R, Goldshmidt H, Goldiner I, Saiag E, Angel Y. Relationship among sleep, work features, and SARS-cov-2 vaccine antibody response in hospital workers. Sleep Med 2024; 116:90-95. [PMID: 38437781 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Immunity is influenced by sleep and the circadian rhythm. Healthcare workers are predisposed to both insufficient sleep and circadian disruption. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between sleep and work characteristics and the antibody response to the mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine BNT162b2. METHODS The authors' prospective cohort study ("COVI3") evaluated the effect of a third (booster) dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine. A subset of participants provided information on anthropometric measures, sleep, stress and work characteristics including shift work and number of work hours per week. Blood samples for anti-S1-RBD IgG antibody levels were obtained 21 weeks following receipt of the third dose of the vaccine. RESULTS In total, 201 healthcare workers (73% women) were included. After adjustment for age, body mass index (BMI), shift work, smoking status, and perceived stress, short sleep duration (<7 h per night) was associated with lower anti-S1-RBD IgG levels (Odds ratio 2.36 [95% confidence interval 1.08-5.13]). Participants who performed shift work had higher odds of lower anti-S1-RBD IgG levels compared to those who did not work in shifts [odds ratio = 2.99 (95% confidence interval 1.40, 6.39)] after accounting for age, short sleep duration, BMI, smoking status and perceived stress. CONCLUSIONS Shift work and self-reported short sleep duration were associated with a lower antibody response following a booster dose of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. These findings suggest that the efficacy of vaccination, particularly among healthcare workers, may be augmented by addressing both sleep and circadian alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riva Tauman
- Sieratzki-Sagol Institute for Sleep Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Oryan Henig
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Or Marudi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Intensive care, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Talia M Dunietz
- Sieratzki-Sagol Institute for Sleep Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael A Grandner
- Department of Psychiatry, Sleep and Health Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Avishay Spitzer
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Departments of Oncology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - David Zeltser
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Emergency Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Mizrahi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Emergency Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eli Sprecher
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Research and Development, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronen Ben-Ami
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hanoch Goldshmidt
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ilana Goldiner
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Esther Saiag
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Information Systems and Operations, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yoel Angel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Intensive care, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Physician Affairs, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
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8
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Morris RD. How denialist amplification spread COVID misinformation and undermined the credibility of public health science. J Public Health Policy 2024; 45:114-125. [PMID: 38388891 DOI: 10.1057/s41271-023-00451-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Denialist scientists played an outsized role in shaping public opinion and determining public health policy during the recent COVID pandemic. From early on, amplification of researchers who denied the threat of COVID shaped public opinion and undermined public health policy. The forces that amplify denialists include (1) Motivated amplifiers seeking to protect their own interests by supporting denialist scientists, (2) Conventional media outlets giving disproportionate time to denialist opinions, (3) Promoters of controversy seeking to gain traction in an 'attention economy,' and (4) Social media creating information silos in which denialists can become the dominant voice. Denialist amplification poses an existential threat to science relevant to public policy. It is incumbent on the scientific community to create a forum to accurately capture the collective perspective of the scientific community related to public health policy that is open to dissenting voices but prevents artificial amplification of denialists.
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Meah S, Shi X, Fritsche LG, Salvatore M, Wagner A, Martin ET, Mukherjee B. Design and analysis heterogeneity in observational studies of COVID-19 booster effectiveness: A review and case study. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj3747. [PMID: 38117882 PMCID: PMC10732535 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj3747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the design and analysis of observational booster vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies by performing a scoping review of booster VE literature with a focus on study design and analytic choices. We then applied 20 different approaches, including those found in the literature, to a single dataset from Michigan Medicine. We identified 80 studies in our review, including over 150 million observations in total. We found that while protection against infection is variable and dependent on several factors including the study population and time period, both monovalent boosters and particularly the bivalent booster offer strong protection against severe COVID-19. In addition, VE analyses with a severe disease outcome (hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, or death) appear to be more robust to design and analytic choices than an infection endpoint. In terms of design choices, we found that test-negative designs and their variants may offer advantages in statistical efficiency compared to cohort designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabir Meah
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Urology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xu Shi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lars G. Fritsche
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Precision Health Data Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Maxwell Salvatore
- Center for Precision Health Data Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Abram Wagner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Emily T. Martin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Bhramar Mukherjee
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Precision Health Data Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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10
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Mink S, Fraunberger P. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Testing: Role and Indications. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7575. [PMID: 38137643 PMCID: PMC10744049 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12247575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020, over 769 million confirmed COVID-19 cases, including close to 7 million COVID-19-related deaths, have been reported. Although mortality rates have dropped notably compared to the first months of the pandemic, spikes in reported cases and mortality rates continue to be registered. Both recent spikes in case numbers and the continued emergence of new variants suggest that vulnerable patient groups, including older adults, immunocompromised patients, and patients with severe comorbidities, are going to continue to be affected by COVID-19. In order to curb the pandemic, relieve the pressure on primary care facilities, and reduce mortality rates, global vaccination programs have been established by the WHO, with over 13.5 billion vaccine doses having been administered globally. In most immunocompetent individuals, vaccination against COVID-19 results in the production of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies. However, certain patient subsets have inadequate or reduced immune responses, and immune responses are known to decrease with age. General recommendations on the timing of booster vaccinations may therefore be insufficient to protect vulnerable patients. This review aims to evaluate the clinical role of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, focusing on measurement indications, prognostic value, and potential as a correlate of protection to guide future booster vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Mink
- Central Medical Laboratories, 6800 Feldkirch, Austria
- Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, 9495 Triesen, Liechtenstein
| | - Peter Fraunberger
- Central Medical Laboratories, 6800 Feldkirch, Austria
- Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, 9495 Triesen, Liechtenstein
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11
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De Maria L, Delvecchio G, Sponselli S, Cafaro F, Caputi A, Giannelli G, Stefanizzi P, Bianchi FP, Stufano A, Tafuri S, Lovreglio P, Boffetta P, Vimercati L. SARS-CoV-2 Infections, Re-Infections and Clinical Characteristics: A Two-Year Retrospective Study in a Large University Hospital Cohort of Vaccinated Healthcare Workers. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6800. [PMID: 37959268 PMCID: PMC10647276 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12216800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
At the University Hospital of Bari, during the first year after the start of the mandatory vaccination campaign with BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, the preliminary results of an observational study showed a significant prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections (BIs) among healthcare workers (HCWs), but no hospitalization or deaths. In the present study, we extended the observation period (January 2021-January 2023) with the aim of determining the incidence, characteristics and clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 BIs among 6213 HCWs. All HCWs were regularly monitored and screened. To allow return to work after BI, the protocol required one negative nasopharyngeal swab test followed by a medical examination certifying complete clinical recovery. We observed an overall incidence rate of SARS-CoV-2 BIs of 20.2%. Females were most affected, especially in the nurse group compared with doctors and other HCWs (p < 0.0001). Cardiovascular diseases were the most frequent comorbidity (n = 140; 11.4%). The source of infection was non-occupational in 52.4% of cases. Most cases (96.9%) showed minor symptoms and only two cases of hospitalization (one in intensive care unit), 13 cases of re-infection and no deaths were recorded. Our results confirm that SARS-CoV-2 infection can break vaccination protection but the clinical course is favorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi De Maria
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.D.M.); (G.D.); (S.S.); (F.C.); (G.G.); (P.S.); (A.S.); (S.T.); (P.L.); (L.V.)
| | - Giuseppe Delvecchio
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.D.M.); (G.D.); (S.S.); (F.C.); (G.G.); (P.S.); (A.S.); (S.T.); (P.L.); (L.V.)
| | - Stefania Sponselli
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.D.M.); (G.D.); (S.S.); (F.C.); (G.G.); (P.S.); (A.S.); (S.T.); (P.L.); (L.V.)
| | - Francesco Cafaro
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.D.M.); (G.D.); (S.S.); (F.C.); (G.G.); (P.S.); (A.S.); (S.T.); (P.L.); (L.V.)
| | - Antonio Caputi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.D.M.); (G.D.); (S.S.); (F.C.); (G.G.); (P.S.); (A.S.); (S.T.); (P.L.); (L.V.)
| | - Gianmarco Giannelli
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.D.M.); (G.D.); (S.S.); (F.C.); (G.G.); (P.S.); (A.S.); (S.T.); (P.L.); (L.V.)
| | - Pasquale Stefanizzi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.D.M.); (G.D.); (S.S.); (F.C.); (G.G.); (P.S.); (A.S.); (S.T.); (P.L.); (L.V.)
| | | | - Angela Stufano
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.D.M.); (G.D.); (S.S.); (F.C.); (G.G.); (P.S.); (A.S.); (S.T.); (P.L.); (L.V.)
| | - Silvio Tafuri
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.D.M.); (G.D.); (S.S.); (F.C.); (G.G.); (P.S.); (A.S.); (S.T.); (P.L.); (L.V.)
| | - Piero Lovreglio
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.D.M.); (G.D.); (S.S.); (F.C.); (G.G.); (P.S.); (A.S.); (S.T.); (P.L.); (L.V.)
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigi Vimercati
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.D.M.); (G.D.); (S.S.); (F.C.); (G.G.); (P.S.); (A.S.); (S.T.); (P.L.); (L.V.)
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12
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Schiffner J, Eisemann N, Baltus H, Jensen S, Wunderlich K, Schuesseler S, Eicker C, Teegen B, Boniakowsky D, Solbach W, Mischnik A. Dynamics of immunity over time: decline of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and T-cell responses after mRNA vaccination in residents and health care workers in nursing homes and homes with assisted living support. GMS INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 11:Doc02. [PMID: 37830111 PMCID: PMC10565841 DOI: 10.3205/id000082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Background In the present study, we investigated the dynamics of immunity over time by measuring anti SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell responses (interferon-gamma release assay) after two doses of vaccines in residents and health care workers (HCW). Mostly, 224 (98%) residents and 244 (89%) HCW received two doses of mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2, Pfizer-BioNTech); the rest of the participants received heterologous vaccinations with mRNA and vector vaccines. The study was conducted at the time when the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 prevailed. Methods We analyzed blood samples of 228 residents (median age 83.8 years) and of 273 HCW (median age 49.7 years) from five nursing homes and one home for the elderly with assisted living support at one specific time point. Participants received two vaccinations. The blood samples were analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibody and T-cell responses. Results The initial immune responses in the younger participants were about 30% higher than in the older age group. Over time the estimated mean of the parameters (estimated from the study sample for the total population) decreased in all groups within the maximum observation period of 232 days. Comorbidities such as coronary heart disease or diabetes mellitus reduced the initial immune responses regardless of age. With regard to measured IgG antibody levels, absolute values decreased over time, whereas the interferon-gamma response remained at a constant level between day 120 and 180 and seemed to be less dependent on the time elapsed after vaccination. Conclusions Based on our data, it does not seem possible to determine a reliable threshold of robust immunity, but we suggest that high titres of neutralizing capacity and interferon-gamma response might be an indicator of protection against severe COVID-19 courses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nora Eisemann
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Luebeck, Germany
| | - Hannah Baltus
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Luebeck, Germany
| | - Sina Jensen
- Health Protection Authority, Luebeck, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Bianca Teegen
- Klinisch-Immunologisches Labor Stoecker, Luebeck, Germany
| | | | - Werner Solbach
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Research, University of Luebeck, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Luebeck, Germany
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Porru S, Monaco MGL, Spiteri G, Carta A, Caliskan G, Violán C, Torán-Monserrat P, Vimercati L, Tafuri S, Boffetta P, Violante FS, Sala E, Sansone E, Gobba F, Casolari L, Wieser A, Janke C, Tardon A, Rodriguez-Suarez MM, Liviero F, Scapellato ML, dell'Omo M, Murgia N, Mates D, Calota VC, Strhársky J, Mrázová M, Pira E, Godono A, Magnano GC, Negro C, Verlato G. Incidence and Determinants of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Infections After Booster Dose in a Large European Multicentric Cohort of Health Workers-ORCHESTRA Project. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2023; 13:577-588. [PMID: 37480426 PMCID: PMC10468456 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-023-00139-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections (BI) after vaccine booster dose are a relevant public health issue. METHODS Multicentric longitudinal cohort study within the ORCHESTRA project, involving 63,516 health workers (HW) from 14 European settings. The study investigated the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 BI after booster dose and its correlation with age, sex, job title, previous infection, and time since third dose. RESULTS 13,093 (20.6%) BI were observed. The cumulative incidence of BI was higher in women and in HW aged < 50 years, but nearly halved after 60 years. Nurses experienced the highest BI incidence, and administrative staff experienced the lowest. The BI incidence was higher in immunosuppressed HW (28.6%) vs others (24.9%). When controlling for gender, age, job title and infection before booster, heterologous vaccination reduced BI incidence with respect to the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine [Odds Ratio (OR) 0.69, 95% CI 0.63-0.76]. Previous infection protected against asymptomatic infection [Relative Risk Ratio (RRR) of recent infection vs no infection 0.53, 95% CI 0.23-1.20] and even more against symptomatic infections [RRR 0.11, 95% CI 0.05-0.25]. Symptomatic infections increased from 70.5% in HW receiving the booster dose since < 64 days to 86.2% when time elapsed was > 130 days. CONCLUSIONS The risk of BI after booster is significantly reduced by previous infection, heterologous vaccination, and older ages. Immunosuppression is relevant for increased BI incidence. Time elapsed from booster affects BI severity, confirming the public health usefulness of booster. Further research should focus on BI trend after 4th dose and its relationship with time variables across the epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Porru
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
- Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Spiteri
- Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy.
| | - Angela Carta
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
- Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Gulser Caliskan
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Concepción Violán
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Mare de Déu de Guadalupe 2, Planta 1ª, Mataro, 08303, Barcelona, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Camí de les Escoles, S/N, Badalona, 08916, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Torán-Monserrat
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Mare de Déu de Guadalupe 2, Planta 1ª, Mataro, 08303, Barcelona, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Camí de les Escoles, S/N, Badalona, 08916, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luigi Vimercati
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvio Tafuri
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Emma Sala
- Unit of Occupational Health, Hygiene, Toxicology and Prevention, University Hospital ASST Spedali Civili, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Emanuele Sansone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Fabriziomaria Gobba
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Loretta Casolari
- Health Surveillance Service, University Hospital of Modena, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Andreas Wieser
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site , 81377, Munich, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology, Infection and Pandemic Research, 80799, Munich, Germany
- Max Von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Janke
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Adonina Tardon
- University of Oviedo, Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA) and CIBERESP, Asturias, Spain
| | | | - Filippo Liviero
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- University Hospital of Padova, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Scapellato
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- University Hospital of Padova, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco dell'Omo
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Toxicology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Nicola Murgia
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Dana Mates
- National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Jozef Strhársky
- Medical Microbiology Department, Regional Authority of Public Health, 97556, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Mariana Mrázová
- Public Health Institute, St. Elizabeth University of Health and Social Work, 81106, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Enrico Pira
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Godono
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Greta Camilla Magnano
- Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Trieste, 34129, Trieste, Italy
| | - Corrado Negro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Trieste, 34129, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Verlato
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
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14
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Cohen S, Olshaker H, Fischer N, Vishnevskia-Dai V, Hagin D, Rosenblatt A, Zur D, Habot-Wilner Z. Herpetic Eye Disease Following the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinations. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2023; 31:1151-1162. [PMID: 35914308 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2022.2103831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe herpetic ocular infections following SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations. METHODS A retrospective study of herpetic ocular infections after BNT162b2mRNA vaccination and a literature review. RESULTS A cohort of five patients: three varicella zoster virus (VZV) and two herpes simplex virus (HSV) cases, as well as 19 literature cases: 9 cases of VZV and 10 cases of HSV post BNT162b2mRNA, AZD1222, mRNA-1273, and CoronaVac vaccinations. All cases presented within 28 days post vaccination. Most VZV and HSV cases (15/19) reported in the literature presented post first vaccine dose, while in our cohort 2 VZV cases presented post second dose and both HSV cases and one VZV case post third dose. The most common presentations were HZO with ocular involvement and HSV keratitis. All eyes had complete resolution; however, one had retinal detachment and three corneal scars. CONCLUSION Herpetic ocular infections may develop shortly after SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations. Overall, the outcome is good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai Cohen
- Division of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hagar Olshaker
- Division of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Naomi Fischer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Vicktoria Vishnevskia-Dai
- Goldschleger Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Hagin
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amir Rosenblatt
- Division of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dinah Zur
- Division of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zohar Habot-Wilner
- Division of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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15
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Meah S, Shi X, Fritsche LG, Salvatore M, Wagner A, Martin ET, Mukherjee B. Design and Analysis Heterogeneity in Observational Studies of COVID-19 Booster Effectiveness: A Review and Case Study. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.06.22.23291692. [PMID: 37425863 PMCID: PMC10327238 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.22.23291692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Observational vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies based on real-world data are a crucial supplement to initial randomized clinical trials of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. However, there exists substantial heterogeneity in study designs and statistical methods for estimating VE. The impact of such heterogeneity on VE estimates is not clear. Methods We conducted a two-step literature review of booster VE: a literature search for first or second monovalent boosters on January 1, 2023, and a rapid search for bivalent boosters on March 28, 2023. For each study identified, study design, methods, and VE estimates for infection, hospitalization, and/or death were extracted and summarized via forest plots. We then applied methods identified in the literature to a single dataset from Michigan Medicine (MM), providing a comparison of the impact of different statistical methodologies on the same dataset. Results We identified 53 studies estimating VE of the first booster, 16 for the second booster. Of these studies, 2 were case-control, 17 were test-negative, and 50 were cohort studies. Together, they included nearly 130 million people worldwide. VE for all outcomes was very high (around 90%) in earlier studies (i.e., in 2021), but became attenuated and more heterogeneous over time (around 40%-50% for infection, 60%-90% for hospitalization, and 50%-90% for death). VE compared to the previous dose was lower for the second booster (10-30% for infection, 30-60% against hospitalization, and 50-90% against death). We also identified 11 bivalent booster studies including over 20 million people. Early studies of the bivalent booster showed increased effectiveness compared to the monovalent booster (VE around 50-80% for hospitalization and death).Our primary analysis with MM data using a cohort design included 186,495 individuals overall (including 153,811 boosted and 32,684 with only a primary series vaccination), and a secondary test-negative design included 65,992 individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2. When different statistical designs and methods were applied to MM data, VE estimates for hospitalization and death were robust to analytic choices, with test-negative designs leading to narrower confidence intervals. Adjusting either for the propensity of getting boosted or directly adjusting for covariates reduced the heterogeneity across VE estimates for the infection outcome. Conclusion While the advantage of the second monovalent booster is not obvious from the literature review, the first monovalent booster and the bivalent booster appear to offer strong protection against severe COVID-19. Based on both the literature view and data analysis, VE analyses with a severe disease outcome (hospitalization, ICU admission, or death) appear to be more robust to design and analytic choices than an infection endpoint. Test-negative designs can extend to severe disease outcomes and may offer advantages in statistical efficiency when used properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabir Meah
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xu Shi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lars G. Fritsche
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Precision Health Data Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Maxwell Salvatore
- Center for Precision Health Data Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Abram Wagner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Emily T. Martin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Bhramar Mukherjee
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Precision Health Data Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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16
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Alsuwairi FA, Alsaleh AN, Alsanea MS, Al-Qahtani AA, Obeid D, Almaghrabi RS, Alahideb BM, AlAbdulkareem MA, Mutabagani MS, Althawadi SI, Altamimi SA, Alshukairi AN, Alhamlan FS. Association of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Mutations with Patient Demographic and Clinical Characteristics during the Delta and Omicron Waves. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1288. [PMID: 37317262 PMCID: PMC10224071 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 genomic mutations outside the spike protein that may increase transmissibility and disease severity have not been well characterized. This study identified mutations in the nucleocapsid protein and their possible association with patient characteristics. We analyzed 695 samples from patients with confirmed COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia between 1 April 2021, and 30 April 2022. Nucleocapsid protein mutations were identified through whole genome sequencing. 𝜒2 tests and t tests assessed associations between mutations and patient characteristics. Logistic regression estimated the risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admission or death. Of the 60 mutations identified, R203K was the most common, followed by G204R, P13L, E31del, R32del, and S33del. These mutations were associated with reduced risk of ICU admission. P13L, E31del, R32del, and S33del were also associated with reduced risk of death. By contrast, D63G, R203M, and D377Y were associated with increased risk of ICU admission. Most mutations were detected in the SR-rich region, which was associated with low risk of death. The C-tail and central linker regions were associated with increased risk of ICU admission, whereas the N-arm region was associated with reduced ICU admission risk. Consequently, mutations in the N protein must be observed, as they may exacerbate viral infection and disease severity. Additional research is needed to validate the mutations' associations with clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feda A. Alsuwairi
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma N. Alsaleh
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Madain S. Alsanea
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A. Al-Qahtani
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia Obeid
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
- Public Health Laboratories, Public Health Authority, Riyadh 13351, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem S. Almaghrabi
- Organ Transplant Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basma M. Alahideb
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha A. AlAbdulkareem
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maysoon S. Mutabagani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar I. Althawadi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara A. Altamimi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer N. Alshukairi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah 23433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah S. Alhamlan
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Ashmawy R, Kamal E, Amin W, Sharaf S, Kabeel S, Albiheyri R, El-Maradny YA, Hassanin E, Elsaka N, Fahmy O, Awd A, Aboeldahab H, Nayle M, Afifi M, Ibrahim M, Rafaat R, Aly S, Redwan EM. Effectiveness and Safety of Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (BBIBP-CorV) among Healthcare Workers: A Seven-Month Follow-Up Study at Fifteen Central Hospitals. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11050892. [PMID: 37242996 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During a pandemic, healthcare workers are at high risk of contracting COVID-19. To protect these important individuals, it is highly recommended that they receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Our study focused on evaluating the safety and efficacy of Egypt's first approved vaccine, the Sinopharm vaccine (BBIBP-CorV), and comparing these findings with other vaccines. METHODS An observational study was conducted in fifteen triage and isolation hospitals, from the 1st of March until the end of September 2021. The study included fully vaccinated and unvaccinated participants, and we measured vaccine effectiveness (using 1-aHR), the incidence rate of severely to critically ill hospitalized cases, COVID-19-related work absenteeism, and the safety of the vaccine as outcomes. RESULTS Of the 1364 healthcare workers who were interviewed, 1228 agreed to participate. After taking the hazard ratio into account, the vaccine effectiveness was found to be 67% (95% CI, 80-43%) for symptomatic PCR-confirmed cases. The incidence rate ratio for hospitalization was 0.45 (95% CI, 0.15-1.31) in the vaccinated group compared to the unvaccinated group, and there was a significant reduction in absenteeism among the vaccinated group (p < 0.007). Most adverse events were mild and well tolerated. Vaccinated pregnant and lactating mothers did not experience any sentinel adverse events. CONCLUSION Our study found that the BBIBP-CorV vaccine was effective in protecting healthcare workers from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Ashmawy
- Clinical Research Department, Maamora Chest Hospital, MoHP, Alexandria 21923, Egypt
- Infectious Diseases Administration, Directorate of Health Affairs, MoHP, Alexandria 21554, Egypt
| | - Ehab Kamal
- Medical Research Division, National Research Center, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Wagdy Amin
- General Administration of Chest Diseases, MoHP, Cairo 11516, Egypt
| | - Sandy Sharaf
- Clinical Research Department, Maamora Chest Hospital, MoHP, Alexandria 21923, Egypt
| | - Samar Kabeel
- Clinical Research Department, Directorate of Health Affairs, MoHP, Damietta 34711, Egypt
| | - Raed Albiheyri
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Excellence in Bio Nanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousra A El-Maradny
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt
- Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT), Alamein 51718, Egypt
| | - Ebtisam Hassanin
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, New Valley University, New Valley 72713, Egypt
| | - Noura Elsaka
- Clinical Research Department, Directorate of Health Affairs, MoHP, Sharkia 71529, Egypt
| | - Ola Fahmy
- Egyptian Drug Authority, Alexandria 21532, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Awd
- Physical Therapy Department, Kafr El-Sheikh General Hospital, MoHP, Kafr El-Sheikh 33511, Egypt
| | - Heba Aboeldahab
- Clinical Research Department, Kom El-Shokafa Chest Hospital, MoHP, Alexandria 21572, Egypt
| | - Mai Nayle
- Clinical Research Department, Kafr El-Sheikh Chest Hospital, MoHP, Kafr El-Sheikh 33511, Egypt
| | - Magda Afifi
- General Administration of Chest Diseases, MoHP, Cairo 11516, Egypt
| | - Marwa Ibrahim
- Clinical Research Department, Fakous Central Hospital, MoHP, Sharkia 71529, Egypt
| | - Raghda Rafaat
- Clinical Research Department, Fakous Central Hospital, MoHP, Sharkia 71529, Egypt
| | - Shahinda Aly
- Clinical Research Department, Maamora Chest Hospital, MoHP, Alexandria 21923, Egypt
| | - Elrashdy M Redwan
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt
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18
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Yamamoto S, Matsuda K, Maeda K, Horii K, Okudera K, Oshiro Y, Inamura N, Takeuchi JS, Konishi M, Ozeki M, Mizoue T, Sugiyama H, Aoyanagi N, Mitsuya H, Sugiura W, Ohmagari N. Neutralizing antibodies after three doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine, breakthrough infection, and symptoms during the Omicron-predominant wave. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 128:347-354. [PMID: 36693493 PMCID: PMC9867771 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the role of immunogenicity after the third vaccine dose against Omicron infection and COVID-19-compatible symptoms of infection. METHODS First, we examined vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the third dose against the second dose during the Omicron wave among the staff at a tertiary hospital in Tokyo. In a case-control study of third vaccine recipients, we compared the preinfection live-virus neutralizing antibodies (NAb) against Omicron between breakthrough cases and their controls who had close contact with patients with COVID-19. Among these cases, we examined the association between NAb levels and the number of COVID-19-compatible symptoms. RESULTS Among the 1456 participants for VE analysis, 60 breakthrough infections occurred during the Omicron wave. The third dose VE for infection was 54.6%. Among the third dose recipients, NAb levels against Omicron did not differ between the cases (n = 22) and controls (n = 21). Among the cases, those who experienced COVID-19-compatible symptoms had lower NAb levels against Omicron than those who did not. CONCLUSION The third vaccine dose was effective in decreasing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection during Omicron wave compared with the second dose. Among third dose recipients, higher preinfection NAb levels may not be associated with a lower risk of Omicron infection. Contrarily, they may be associated with fewer symptoms of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Yamamoto
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kouki Matsuda
- Department of Refractory Viral Infection, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Maeda
- Department of Refractory Viral Infection, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Antiviral Therapy, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kumi Horii
- Infection Control Office, Center Hospital of the National Center for the Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Okudera
- Infection Control Office, Kohnodai Hospital of the National Center for the Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Oshiro
- Department of Laboratory Testing, Center Hospital of the National Center for the Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsumi Inamura
- Department of Laboratory Testing, Center Hospital of the National Center for the Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko S Takeuchi
- Department of Academic-Industrial Partnerships Promotion, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Konishi
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ozeki
- Department of Laboratory Testing, Center Hospital of the National Center for the Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Haruhito Sugiyama
- Center Hospital of the National Center for the Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Aoyanagi
- Kohnodai Hospital of the National Center for the Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Department of Refractory Viral Infection, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Sugiura
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Ohmagari
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Jaber SA, Saadh M. Comparison of the efficacy of one, two, and third doses of BNT162b2 in patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, and diabetes against COVID-19. PHARMACIA 2023. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.70.e97777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on human health around the world. Given the speed of the spread of the disease and its impact on people’s lives, different countries including Jordan issued approval for the emergency use of the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 for COVID-19. This respiratory disease has led to an increased risk of complications and significant mortality in patients with pre-existing medical conditions such as respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Vaccination against COVID-19 is recommended for people with chronic diseases to reduce the risk of infection, hospitalization, and death. The BNT162b2 vaccine has shown high efficacy in healthy adults. The results of our study suggest a high efficacy of the BNT162b2 vaccine in patients with diabetes and cardiovascular after the second and third doses compared to the first dose of the vaccine. Vaccine efficacy for the third dose was similar to that for the third dose while the effectiveness did not change between the first, second, and third doses in respiratory diseases.
In conclusion, receiving second and third doses of the COVID-19 vaccine was associated with a decreased risk of mortality and hospitalization compared with the first dose. Unfortunately, the efficacy of the first, second, and third doses was similar in respiratory patients.
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20
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Hasibuan AS, Koesnoe S, Widhani A, Muhadi M, Shatri H, Ginanjar E, Yunihastuti E, Soewondo P, Aman Nasution S, Djauzi S, Dina Liastuti L, Koento T, Sumariyono S, Mulyantini A. Incidence and Associated Factors of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Post-mRNA-1273 Booster Vaccination in Health-Care Workers. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:481. [PMID: 36851358 PMCID: PMC9963908 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially among health-care workers. One of the most important preventive measures is vaccination. This study examined factors associated with the incidence rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection after mRNA-1273 booster vaccination (preceded by the CoronaVac primary vaccination) and the antibody profile of health-care workers at one of the tertiary hospitals in Indonesia. This was a combined retrospective cohort and cross-sectional study. Three hundred health-care workers who were given the mRNA-1273 booster vaccine a minimum of 5 months prior to this study were randomly selected. Participants were then interviewed about their history of COVID-19 vaccination, history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and comorbidities. Blood samples were taken to assess IgG sRBD antibody levels. The median antibody level was found to be 659 BAU/mL (min 37 BAU/mL, max 5680 BAU/mL, QIR 822 BAU/mL) after the booster, and this was not related to age, sex, comorbidities, or adverse events following immunization (AEFI) after the booster. SARS-CoV-2 infection after the booster was correlated with higher antibody levels. In sum, 56 participants (18.6%) experienced SARS-CoV-2 infection after the mRNA-1273 booster vaccination within 5 months. Incidence per person per month was 3.2%. Age, sex, diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, obesity, and post-booster AEFI were not related to COVID-19 incidence after the booster. History of SARS-CoV-2 infection before the booster vaccination was significantly associated with a reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection after booster vaccination, with a relative risk (RR) of 0.21 (95% CI 0.09-0.45, p < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshari Saifuddin Hasibuan
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Sukamto Koesnoe
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Alvina Widhani
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Muhadi Muhadi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Hamzah Shatri
- Division of Psychosomatic and Palliative Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Eka Ginanjar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Evy Yunihastuti
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Pradana Soewondo
- Division of Endocrine System, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | | | - Samsuridjal Djauzi
- Adult Immunization Task Force, Indonesian Society of Internal Medicine, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
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21
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Townsend JP, Hassler HB, Dornburg A. Infection by SARS-CoV-2 with alternate frequencies of mRNA vaccine boosting. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28461. [PMID: 36602045 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the most consequential unknowns of the COVID-19 pandemic is the frequency at which vaccine boosting provides sufficient protection from infection. We quantified the statistical likelihood of breakthrough infections over time following different boosting schedules with messenger RNA (mRNA)-1273 (Moderna) and BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech). We integrated anti-Spike IgG antibody optical densities with profiles of the waning of antibodies and corresponding probabilities of infection associated with coronavirus endemic transmission. Projecting antibody levels over time given boosting every 6 months, 1, 1.5, 2, or 3 years yielded respective probabilities of fending off infection over a 6-year span of >93%, 75%, 55%, 40%, and 24% (mRNA-1273) and >89%, 69%, 49%, 36%, and 23% (BNT162b2). Delaying the administration of updated boosters has bleak repercussions. It increases the probability of individual infection by SARS-CoV-2, and correspondingly, ongoing disease spread, prevalence, morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality. Instituting regular, population-wide booster vaccination updated to predominant variants has the potential to substantially forestall-and with global, widespread uptake, eliminate-COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey P Townsend
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Program in Microbiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hayley B Hassler
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alex Dornburg
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
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22
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Timing of last COVID-19 vaccine dose and SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in fully (boosted) vaccinated healthcare personnel. J Hosp Infect 2023; 132:46-51. [PMID: 36473554 PMCID: PMC9721165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2022.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM To estimate the incidence, timing and severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) breakthrough infections in fully vaccinated healthcare personnel (HCP). METHODS In total, 6496 fully vaccinated HCP were analysed prospectively from 15th November 2021 to 17th April 2022. Full coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination was defined as a complete primary vaccination series followed by a booster dose at least 6 months later. RESULTS Overall, 1845 SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections occurred (28.4 episodes per 100 HCP), of which 1493 (80.9%) were COVID-19 cases and 352 (19.1%) were asymptomatic infections. Of the 1493 HCP with COVID-19, four were hospitalized for 3-6 days (hospitalization rate among HCP with COVID-19: 0.3%). No intubations or deaths occurred. SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections occurred at a mean of 16.2 weeks after the last vaccine dose. Multi-variable regression analyses showed that among the 1845 HCP with a breakthrough infection, the administration of a COVID-19 vaccine dose ≥16.2 weeks before the infection was associated with increased likelihood of developing COVID-19 rather than asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection [odds ratio (OR) 1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-2.46; P=0.045] compared with administering a vaccine dose later. The likelihood of developing COVID-19 compared with asymptomatic infection increased by 7% weekly after the last COVID-19 vaccine dose (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03-1.11; P=0.001). CONCLUSION SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections are common among fully (boosted) vaccinated HCP. However, full COVID-19 vaccination offered considerable protection against hospitalization. These findings may contribute to defining the optimal timing for booster vaccinations. More efficient COVID-19 vaccines that will also confer protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection are needed urgently.
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23
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Shishido AA, Barnes AH, Narayanan S, Chua JV. COVID-19 Vaccines-All You Want to Know. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 44:143-172. [PMID: 36646092 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1759779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has led to an unprecedented public health crisis. The collective global response has led to production of multiple safe and effective vaccines utilizing novel platforms to combat the virus that have propelled the field of vaccinology forward. Significant challenges to universal vaccine effectiveness remain, including immune evasion by SARS-CoV-2 variants, waning of immune response, inadequate knowledge of correlates of protection, and dosing in special populations. This review serves as a detailed evaluation of the development of the current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, their effectiveness, and challenges to their deployment as a preventive tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira A Shishido
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Ashley H Barnes
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shivakumar Narayanan
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joel V Chua
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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24
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Hod T, Ben-David A, Mor E, Olmer L, Halperin R, Indenbaum V, Beckerman P, Doolman R, Asraf K, Atari N, Benjamini O, Lustig Y, Grossman E, Mandelboim M, Rahav G. Humoral Response to the Fourth BNT162b2 Vaccination and Link Between the Fourth Dose, Omicron Infection, and Disease Severity in Renal Transplant Recipients. Transplantation 2023; 107:192-203. [PMID: 36367927 PMCID: PMC9746231 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of the fourth BNT162b2 vaccination in reducing the rate and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the Omicron variant in renal transplant recipients (RTRs) is unknown. METHODS Interviews were conducted with 447 RTRs regarding the status and timing of the fourth vaccination, prior vaccinations, and preceding COVID-19 infection. RTRs with polymerase chain reaction-confirmed COVID-19 infection from December 1, 2021, to the end of March 2022 were considered to have been infected with the Omicron variant and were interviewed to determine their disease severity. In a subgroup of 74 RTRs, the humoral response to the fourth dose was analyzed. In 30 RTRs, microneutralization assays were performed to reveal the humoral response to wild-type, Delta, and Omicron variant isolates before and after the fourth dose. RESULTS Of 447 RTRs, 144 (32.2%) were infected with the Omicron variant, with 71 (49.3%) of the infected RTRs having received the fourth vaccine dose. RTRs who did not receive the fourth dose before the infection had more serious illness. In a subgroup of 74 RTRs, the fourth dose elicited a positive humoral response in 94.6% (70/74), with a significant increase in geometric mean titer for receptor-binding domain immunoglobulin G and neutralizing antibodies ( P < 0.001). The humoral responses to the Omicron variant before and after the fourth dose were significantly lower than the responses to the wild-type and the Delta variants. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the fourth BNT162b2 dose was effective in reducing the rate and severity of Omicron disease in RTRs, despite the reduced humoral response to the variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Hod
- Renal Transplant Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Nephrology Department, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Aharon Ben-David
- Renal Transplant Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Nephrology Department, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Eytan Mor
- Renal Transplant Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liraz Olmer
- Bio-statistical and Bio-mathematical Unit, The Gertner Institute of Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Rebecca Halperin
- The Infectious Diseases Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Victoria Indenbaum
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Pazit Beckerman
- Renal Transplant Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Nephrology Department, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ram Doolman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Keren Asraf
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The A. Dworman Automated Mega-Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Nofar Atari
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ohad Benjamini
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Hematology Division, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yaniv Lustig
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ehud Grossman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Internal Medicine Wing, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Galia Rahav
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Infectious Diseases Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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25
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Risk of Infection and Duration of Protection after the Booster Dose of the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine BNT162b2 among Healthcare Workers in a Large Teaching Hospital in Italy: Results of an Observational Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:vaccines11010025. [PMID: 36679868 PMCID: PMC9863759 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of the first schedule of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines has decreased after the surge of the Delta variant, posing the need to administer a booster dose to enhance the neutralising immune response. This study aims at evaluating the duration of protection given by the booster dose of Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in healthcare workers (HCWs) of a large teaching hospital in Rome and to analyse the factors associated with post-booster vaccination infections. Data about vaccinations of HCWs with the BNT162b2 vaccine and nasal swabs positive for SARS-CoV-2 were extracted from the digital archives of the hospital from 27 September 2021 to 31 May 2022. In total, 5770 HCWs were observed. The cumulative risk of becoming infected by SARS-CoV-2 increased with time (2.5% at 4 weeks, 17% at 12 weeks and 40% at 24 weeks) and was significantly higher for females, younger classes of patients and for those who had developed a hybrid immunity (natural infection plus one dose, namely the primary schedule, added to the booster dose) compared to those who had completed the three doses. This study describes the duration and the determinants of the protection against infections after the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine, highlighting the need for continuous monitoring of vaccine-induced immunogenicity.
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26
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Hasanpourghadi M, Novikov M, Ambrose R, Chekaoui A, Newman D, Ding J, Giles-Davis W, Xiang Z, Zhou XY, Liu Q, Swagata K, Ertl HCJ. Heterologous chimpanzee adenovirus vector immunizations for SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid protect hamsters against COVID-19. Microbes Infect 2022; 25:105082. [PMID: 36539010 PMCID: PMC9758783 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2022.105082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Available COVID-19 vaccine only provide protection for a limited time due in part to the rapid emergence of viral variants with spike protein mutations, necessitating the generation of new vaccines to combat SARS-CoV-2. Two serologically distinct replication-defective chimpanzee-origin adenovirus (Ad) vectors (AdC) called AdC6 and AdC7 expressing early SARS-CoV-2 isolate spike (S) or nucleocapsid (N) proteins, the latter expressed as a fusion protein within herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D (gD), were tested individually or as a mixture in a hamster COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 challenge model. The S protein expressing AdC (AdC-S) vectors induced antibodies including those with neutralizing activity that in part cross-reacted with viral variants. Hamsters vaccinated with the AdC-S vectors were protected against serious disease and showed accelerated recovery upon SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Protection was enhanced if AdC-S vectors were given together with the AdC vaccines that expressed the gD N fusion protein (AdC-gDN). In contrast hamsters that just received the AdC-gDN vaccines showed only marginal lessening of symptoms compared to control animals. These results indicate that immune response to the N protein that is less variable than the S protein may potentiate and prolong protection achieved by the currently used S protein based genetic COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikhail Novikov
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert Ambrose
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Arezki Chekaoui
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dakota Newman
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jianyi Ding
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Zhiquan Xiang
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiang Yang Zhou
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Qin Liu
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kar Swagata
- Bioqual Inc., 9600 Medical Center Dr #101, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Hildegund CJ. Ertl
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 215-898-3863
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Higher Immunological Response after BNT162b2 Vaccination among COVID-19 Convalescents-The Data from the Study among Healthcare Workers in an Infectious Diseases Center. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122158. [PMID: 36560567 PMCID: PMC9785047 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The BNT162b2 vaccination studies did not specifically focus on groups that were heavily exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, we aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 vaccine among healthcare workers (HCWs). Methods: Study participants were recruited from hospital employees who received BNT162b2 vaccination at the Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Warsaw. Blood samples were collected before and after each vaccination dose. At each timepoint, the levels of anti-SARS CoV-2 IgM, anti-n SARS-CoV-2 IgG, and S-RBD antibodies were measured. Data on concomitant diseases and the vaccine’s adverse events (VAE) were collected after each vaccination dose. In the statistical analyses, non-parametric tests were used. Results: In total, 170 healthcare workers were included in the analysis. Their median age was 51 years (interquartile range (IQR): 41−60 years); most of them were women (n = 137, 80.6%) working in direct contact with patients (n = 137, 73.2%); and 46 (27.0%) had concomitant diseases. More than one fifth of subjects had COVID-19 before their first dose of vaccination (n = 38, 22.6%). In terms of immunological responses, our investigations showed a high level of efficacy for the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination as measured by S-RBD antibody concentrations: these were positive in 100% of participants 14 days after the second dose of the vaccine. It was also observed that employees with high S-RBD antibodies (>=433 BAU/mL) were more likely to be COVID-19 convalescents before receiving the first vaccine dose (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The BNT162b2 vaccine is safe and effective among HCWs. Vaccine adverse events occurred, but serious events were not observed. Moreover, the BNT162b2 vaccine is effective against symptomatic and severe COVID-19—none of the workers that acquired a SARS-CoV-2 infection after vaccination required hospitalization or medical care. We also observed higher immunological responses among COVID-19 convalescents.
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Dobaño C, Ramírez-Morros A, Alonso S, Ruiz-Olalla G, Rubio R, Vidal M, Prados de la Torre E, Jairoce C, Mitchell RA, Barrios D, Jiménez A, Rodrigo Melero N, Carolis C, Izquierdo L, Zanoncello J, Aguilar R, Vidal-Alaball J, Moncunill G, Ruiz-Comellas A. Eleven-month longitudinal study of antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 exposed and naïve primary health care workers upon COVID-19 vaccination. Immunology 2022; 167:528-543. [PMID: 36065677 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the kinetics of antibody responses to Two years into the COVID-19 pandemic and 1 year after the start of vaccination rollout, the world faced a peak of cases associated with the highly contagious Omicron variant of concern (VoC) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) antigens over five cross-sectional visits (January-November 2021), and the determinants of pre-booster immunoglobulin levels, in a prospective cohort of vaccinated primary health care workers in Catalonia, Spain. Antibodies against S antigens after a full primary vaccination course, mostly with BNT162b2, decreased steadily over time and were higher in pre-exposed (n = 247) than naïve (n = 200) individuals, but seropositivity was maintained at 100% (100% IgG, 95.5% IgA, 30.6% IgM) up to 319 days after the first dose. Antibody binding to variants of concern was highly maintained for IgG compared to wild type but significantly reduced for IgA and IgM, particularly for Beta and Gamma. Factors significantly associated with longer-term antibodies included age, sex, occupation, smoking, adverse reaction to vaccination, levels of pre-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, interval between disease onset and vaccination, hospitalization, oxygen supply, post COVID and symptomatology. Earlier morning vaccination hours were associated with higher IgG responses in pre-exposed participants. Symptomatic breakthroughs occurred in 9/447 (2.01%) individuals, all among naïve (9/200, 4.5%) and generally boosted antibody responses. Additionally, an increase in IgA and/or IgM seropositivity to variants, and N seroconversion at later time points (6.54%), indicated asymptomatic breakthrough infections, even among pre-exposed. Seropositivity remained highly stable over almost a year after vaccination. However, gradually waning of anti-S IgGs that correlate with neutralizing activity, coupled to evidence of an increase in breakthrough infections during the Delta and Omicron predominance, provides a rationale for booster immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Ramírez-Morros
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
| | - Selena Alonso
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gemma Ruiz-Olalla
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rocío Rubio
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Chenjerai Jairoce
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Robert A Mitchell
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Diana Barrios
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alfons Jiménez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Rodrigo Melero
- Biomolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlo Carolis
- Biomolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jasmina Zanoncello
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal-Alaball
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
- Health Promotion in Rural Areas Research Group, Gerència Territorial de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Ruiz-Comellas
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
- Health Promotion in Rural Areas Research Group, Gerència Territorial de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
- Centre d'Atenció Primària (CAP) Sant Joan de Vilatorrada, Gerència Territorial de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
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Robilotti EV, Whiting K, Lucca A, Poon C, Jani K, McMillen T, Freeswick S, Korenstein D, Babady NE, Seshan VE, Kamboj M. Effectiveness of MRNA booster vaccine among healthcare workers in New York City during the Omicron surge, December 2021 to January 2022. Clin Microbiol Infect 2022; 28:1624-1628. [PMID: 35931373 PMCID: PMC9345790 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe effectiveness of mRNA vaccines by comparing 2-dose (2D) and 3-dose (3D) healthcare worker (HCW) recipients in the setting of Omicron variant dominance. Performance of 2D and 3D vaccine series against SARS-CoV-2 variants and the clinical outcomes of HCWs may inform return-to-work guidance. METHODS In a retrospective study from December 15, 2020 to January 15, 2022, SARS-CoV-2 infections among HCWs at a large tertiary cancer centre in New York City were examined to estimate infection rates (aggregated positive tests / person-days) and 95% CIs over the Omicron period in 3D and 2D mRNA vaccinated HCWs and were compared using rate ratios. We described the clinical features of post-vaccine infections and impact of prior (pre-Omicron) COVID infection on vaccine effectiveness. RESULTS Among the 20857 HCWs in our cohort, 20,660 completed the 2D series with an mRNA vaccine during our study period and 12461 had received a third dose by January 15, 2022. The infection rate ratio for 3D versus 2D vaccinated HCWs was 0.667 (95% CI 0.623, 0.713) for an estimated 3D vaccine effectiveness of 33.3% compared to two doses only during the Omicron dominant period from December 15, 2021 to January 15, 2022. Breakthrough Omicron infections after 3D + 14 days occurred in 1,315 HCWs. Omicron infections were mild, with 16% of 3D and 11% 2D HCWs being asymptomatic. DISCUSSION Study demonstrates improved vaccine-derived protection against COVID-19 infection in 3D versus 2D mRNA vaccinees during the Omicron surge. The advantage of 3D vaccination was maintained irrespective of prior COVID-19 infection status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth V. Robilotti
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA,Infection Control, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA,Department of Medicine, Joan and Sanford Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA,Corresponding author. Elizabeth Robilotti, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065
| | - Karissa Whiting
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anabella Lucca
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA,Department of Medicine, Joan and Sanford Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA,Employee Health Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chester Poon
- Division of Digital Informatics and Technology Solutions, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Krupa Jani
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tracy McMillen
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott Freeswick
- Division of Pharmacy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deborah Korenstein
- Department of Medicine, Joan and Sanford Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - N. Esther Babady
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA,Department of Medicine, Joan and Sanford Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA,Clinical Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Venkatraman E. Seshan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mini Kamboj
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA,Infection Control, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA,Department of Medicine, Joan and Sanford Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA,Division of Quality and Safety, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA,Corresponding author. Mini Kamboj, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065. USA
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30
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Abullais SS, Arora S, Parveen S, Mahmood SE, Baba SM, Khalid I, Khader MA, Elgib MFA. Perceptions, motivation factors, and barriers to a COVID-19 booster immunization in a subpopulation of KSA: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31669. [PMID: 36451425 PMCID: PMC9704944 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The current cross-sectional survey was designed to evaluate the perception, motivation factors and barriers to a COVID-19 booster immunization in a subpopulation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A total of 520 respondents were selected by a simple random sampling method. The questionnaire was designed in multiple languages and categorized as; demographic details, perceptions, motivation factors, and barriers to acceptance of a booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine among the respondents. Both anonymous, self-administered, closed-ended online, and paper-based questionnaire was used to assess the above parameters. A higher proportion of the respondents were females (55.2%) with an age range of 36.7 ± 7.7 years. About 36.2% of respondents had a poor perception of the booster dose. Significant differences in the levels of perceptions were found among different age groups and also among the respondents with or without chronic medical conditions. Nearly 49.8% of respondents had hesitation about the booster dose, 58.8% of respondents recommended others to get the booster vaccine at the earliest and 49.8% preferred to develop natural immunity to infection. The hesitation for the booster was more among the female respondents and the older age groups (≥ 60 years) though a large number (43.2%) believe that the booster vaccination is going to end the pandemic worldwide. Further nationwide studies involving different subpopulations are recommended. Public health education is the need of the hour to reduce such barriers and hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahabe Saquib Abullais
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- * Correspondence: Shahabe Saquib Abullais, Department of Periodontics and Community Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Suadi Arabia (e-mail: )
| | - Suraj Arora
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumaila Parveen
- Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Syed Esam Mahmood
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suheel Manzoor Baba
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Khalid
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohasin Abdul Khader
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Fadul A. Elgib
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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31
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Rosen B, Davidovitch N, Chodick G, Israeli A. The role of Israeli researchers in the scientific literature regarding COVID-19 vaccines. Isr J Health Policy Res 2022; 11:39. [PMID: 36419188 PMCID: PMC9684862 DOI: 10.1186/s13584-022-00548-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accurate and timely publication of scientific findings is a key component of the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This article explores the role of Israeli researchers in the scientific literature regarding COVID-19 vaccines. METHODS Content and bibliometric analysis of articles included in the Web of Science database regarding COVID-19 vaccines, that were published between January 2020 and June 2022. RESULTS The Web of Science includes 18,596 articles regarding COVID-19 vaccines that were published between January 2020 and June 2022. 536 (3%) of those articles had at least one Israeli author. These "Israeli articles" accounted for 11% of the NEJM articles on COVID-19 vaccines, 9% of such articles in Nature Medicine, and 4% of such articles in the Lancet. 80 of the 536 Israeli articles (15%) were recognized as "Highly Cited Papers" (articles that rank in the top 1% by citations for field and publication year). Most of the Israeli Highly Cited Papers (HCPs) analyzed the safety and/or efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine developed by Pfizer and BioNTech (BNT162b2). Most of the Israeli HCPs made use of detailed and comprehensive individual data available from Israel's health plans, hospitals, or Ministry of Health. The 15% HCP rate (i.e., the number of HCPs divided by the number of all articles) for the Israeli articles was triple the HCP rate for all articles on COVID-19 vaccines (5%). A key factor contributing to Israel's prominent role in rapid publication of vaccination impact studies was Israel's being a world leader in the initial vaccination rollout, the administration of boosters, and the vaccination of pregnant women. Other contributing factors include Israeli researchers' access to well-developed electronic health record systems linking vaccinations and outcomes, the analytic strengths of leading Israeli researchers and research institutions, collaborations with leading research institutions in other countries, and the ability to quickly identify emerging research opportunities and mobilize accordingly. Recent developments in the priorities and selection criteria of leading journals have also played a role; these include an increased openness to well-designed observational studies and to manuscripts from outside of Europe and North America. CONCLUSIONS Israeli researchers, Israeli research institutions, and the Israeli government can, and should, take concrete steps to build upon lessons learned in the course of the recent surge of high-quality publications related to COVID-19 vaccines (such as the value of linking data across organizations). These lessons can be applied to a wide range of fields, including fields that go well beyond vaccines and pandemic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Rosen
- Myers-JDC-Brookdale Institute, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Nadav Davidovitch
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva, Israel
- Taub Center for Social Policy Studies in Israel, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gabriel Chodick
- Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Avi Israeli
- Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
- Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
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32
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Yamaguchi Y, Kato Y, Edahiro R, Søndergaard JN, Murakami T, Amiya S, Nameki S, Yoshimine Y, Morita T, Takeshima Y, Sakakibara S, Naito Y, Motooka D, Liu YC, Shirai Y, Okita Y, Fujimoto J, Hirata H, Takeda Y, Wing JB, Okuzaki D, Okada Y, Kumanogoh A. Consecutive BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination induces short-term epigenetic memory in innate immune cells. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e163347. [PMID: 36282593 PMCID: PMC9746816 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.163347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Consecutive mRNA vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 reinforced both innate and adaptive immune responses. However, it remains unclear whether the enhanced innate immune responses are mediated by epigenetic regulation and, if so, whether these effects persist. Using mass cytometry, RNA-Seq, and ATAC-Seq, we show that BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination upregulated antiviral and IFN-stimulated gene expression in monocytes with greater effects after the second vaccination than those after the first vaccination. Transcription factor-binding motif analysis also revealed enriched IFN regulatory factors and PU.1 motifs in accessible chromatin regions. Importantly, although consecutive BNT162b2 mRNA vaccinations boosted innate immune responses and caused epigenetic changes in isolated monocytes, we show that these effects occurred only transiently and disappeared 4 weeks after the second vaccination. Furthermore, single-cell RNA-Seq analysis revealed that a similar gene signature was impaired in the monocytes of unvaccinated patients with COVID-19 with acute respiratory distress syndrome. These results reinforce the importance of the innate immune response in the determination of COVID-19 severity but indicate that, unlike adaptive immunity, innate immunity is not unexpectedly sustained even after consecutive vaccination. This study, which focuses on innate immune memory, may provide novel insights into the vaccine development against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Yamaguchi
- Immunopathology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology and
| | - Yasuhiro Kato
- Immunopathology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology and
| | - Ryuya Edahiro
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology and
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | | | - Teruaki Murakami
- Immunopathology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology and
| | - Saori Amiya
- Immunopathology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology and
| | - Shinichiro Nameki
- Immunopathology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology and
| | - Yuko Yoshimine
- Immunopathology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology and
| | - Takayoshi Morita
- Immunopathology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology and
| | - Yusuke Takeshima
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center
| | - Shuhei Sakakibara
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center
| | - Yoko Naito
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases
- Single Cell Genomics, Human Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives
| | - Yu-Chen Liu
- Single Cell Genomics, Human Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center
| | - Yuya Shirai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology and
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Okita
- Immunopathology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology and
| | - Jun Fujimoto
- Immunopathology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology and
| | - Haruhiko Hirata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology and
| | - Yoshito Takeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology and
| | - James B. Wing
- Human Immunology Team, Center for Infectious Diseases Education and Research
- Single Cell Immunology, Human Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases
- Single Cell Genomics, Human Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives
- Center for Infectious Diseases Education and Research, and
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives
- Center for Infectious Diseases Education and Research, and
- Statistical Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Immunopathology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology and
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives
- Center for Infectious Diseases Education and Research, and
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development – Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS, Osaka University, Osaka, Suita, Japan
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Chi WY, Li YD, Huang HC, Chan TEH, Chow SY, Su JH, Ferrall L, Hung CF, Wu TC. COVID-19 vaccine update: vaccine effectiveness, SARS-CoV-2 variants, boosters, adverse effects, and immune correlates of protection. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:82. [PMID: 36243868 PMCID: PMC9569411 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00853-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been the most severe public health challenge in this century. Two years after its emergence, the rapid development and deployment of effective COVID-19 vaccines have successfully controlled this pandemic and greatly reduced the risk of severe illness and death associated with COVID-19. However, due to its ability to rapidly evolve, the SARS-CoV-2 virus may never be eradicated, and there are many important new topics to work on if we need to live with this virus for a long time. To this end, we hope to provide essential knowledge for researchers who work on the improvement of future COVID-19 vaccines. In this review, we provided an up-to-date summary for current COVID-19 vaccines, discussed the biological basis and clinical impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants and subvariants, and analyzed the effectiveness of various vaccine booster regimens against different SARS-CoV-2 strains. Additionally, we reviewed potential mechanisms of vaccine-induced severe adverse events, summarized current studies regarding immune correlates of protection, and finally, discussed the development of next-generation vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yu Chi
- Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yen-Der Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hsin-Che Huang
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy En Haw Chan
- International Max Planck Research School for Immunobiology, Epigenetics and Metabolism (IMPRS-IEM), Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Urology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sih-Yao Chow
- Downstream Process Science, EirGenix Inc., Zhubei, Hsinchu, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Jun-Han Su
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Louise Ferrall
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T-C Wu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, CRB II Room 309, 1550 Orleans St, MD, 21231, Baltimore, USA.
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Sim JY, Wu PS, Cheng CF, Chao YC, Yu CH. Effectiveness of Booster and Influenza Vaccines against COVID-19 among Healthcare Workers, Taiwan. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:2126-2130. [PMID: 36037810 PMCID: PMC9514369 DOI: 10.3201/eid2810.221134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Among previously uninfected healthcare workers in Taiwan, mRNA COVID-19 booster vaccine was associated with lower odds of COVID-19 after primary recombinant vaccine. Symptom-triggered testing revealed that tetravalent influenza vaccine was associated with higher odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection. COVID-19 vaccination continues to be most effective against SARS-CoV-2.
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Naylor KL, Kim SJ, Smith G, McArthur E, Kwong JC, Dixon SN, Treleaven D, Knoll GA. Effectiveness of first, second, and third COVID-19 vaccine doses in solid organ transplant recipients: A population-based cohort study from Canada. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:2228-2236. [PMID: 35578576 PMCID: PMC9347443 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.17095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Limited data exists on the effectiveness of a third COVID-19 vaccine dose in solid organ transplant recipients. We conducted a population-based cohort study using linked healthcare databases from Ontario, Canada to answer this question. We included solid organ transplant recipients (n = 12,842) as of December 14, 2020, with follow-up until November 28, 2021. We used an extended Cox proportional hazards model with vaccination status, including BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and ChAdOx1 vaccines, modeled as a time-dependent exposure. Individuals started in the unvaccinated category (reference) and could contribute person-time to first, second, and third doses. Over a median follow-up of 349 days, 12.7% (n = 1632) remained unvaccinated, 54.1% (n = 6953) received 3 doses, and 488 (3.8%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (of which 260 [53.3%] had a clinically important outcome [i.e., hospitalization or death]). Adjusted vaccine effectiveness against infection was 31% (95% CI: 2, 51%), 46% (95% CI: 21, 63%), and 72% (95% CI: 43, 86%) for one, two, and three doses. Vaccine effectiveness against clinically important outcomes was 38% (95% CI: 4, 61%), 54% (95% CI: 23, 73%), and 67% (95% CI: 11, 87%). Vaccine effectiveness in solid organ transplant recipients is lower than the general population, however, vaccine effectiveness improved following a third dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla L. Naylor
- ICES Ontario Canada,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Western University London, Ontario Canada,Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre London, Ontario Canada
| | - Sang Joseph Kim
- ICES Ontario Canada,Division of Nephrology University Health Network, University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario Canada,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Graham Smith
- ICES Ontario Canada,Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre London, Ontario Canada
| | - Eric McArthur
- ICES Ontario Canada,Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre London, Ontario Canada
| | - Jeffrey C. Kwong
- ICES Ontario Canada,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario Canada,Public Health Ontario Toronto, Ontario Canada,Department of Family and Community Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Stephanie N. Dixon
- ICES Ontario Canada,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Western University London, Ontario Canada,Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre London, Ontario Canada
| | - Darin Treleaven
- Transplantation, Trillium Gift of Life Network, Ontario Health Ontario Canada
| | - Gregory A. Knoll
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology) University of Ottawa and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Ottawa, Ontario Canada,Gregory A. Knoll, The Ottawa Hospital, General Campus, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.
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36
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He X, Su J, Ma Y, Zhang W, Tang S. A comprehensive analysis of the efficacy and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines. Front Immunol 2022; 13:945930. [PMID: 36090988 PMCID: PMC9459021 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.945930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It is urgently needed to update the comprehensive analysis about the efficacy or effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines especially during the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants. In general, the current COVID-19 vaccines showed a cumulative efficacy of 66.4%, 79.7%, and 93.6% to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, symptomatic COVID-19, and severe COVID-19, respectively, but could not prevent the asymptomatic infection of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, the current COVID-19 vaccines could effectively prevent COVID-19 caused by the Delta variant although the incidence of breakthrough infection of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant increased when the intervals post full vaccination extended, suggesting the waning effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines. In addition, one-dose booster immunization showed an effectiveness of 74.5% to prevent COVID-19 caused by the Delta variant. However, current COVID-19 vaccines could not prevent the infection of Omicron sub-lineage BA.1.1.529 and had about 50% effectiveness to prevent COVID-19 caused by Omicron sub-lineage BA.1.1.529. Furthermore, the effectiveness was 87.6% and 90.1% to prevent severe COVID-19 and COVID-19-related death caused by Omicron sub-lineage BA.2, respectively, while one-dose booster immunization could enhance the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines to prevent the infection and COVID-19 caused by Omicron sub-lineage BA.1.1.529 and sub-lineage BA.2. Two-dose booster immunization showed an increased effectiveness of 81.8% against severe COVID-19 caused by the Omicron sub-lineage BA.1.1.529 variant compared with one-dose booster immunization. The effectiveness of the booster immunization with RNA-based vaccine BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 was over 75% against severe COVID-19 more than 17 weeks after booster immunization whereas the heterogenous booster immunization showed better effectiveness than homologous booster immunization. In summary, the current COVID-19 vaccines could effectively protect COVID-19 caused by Delta and Omicron variants but was less effective against Omicron variant infection. One-dose booster immunization could enhance protection capability, and two-dose booster immunization could provide additional protection against severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng He
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Evidence-Based Medicine, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Jiao Su
- Department of biochemistry, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Yu’nan Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenping Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Shixing Tang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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37
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Reeves KD, Polk CM, Cox LA, Fairman RT, Hawkins GA, Passaretti CL, Sampson MM. Severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections occurring in healthcare workers after booster vaccination: A comparison of delta versus omicron variants. ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP & HEALTHCARE EPIDEMIOLOGY : ASHE 2022; 2:e143. [PMID: 36483394 PMCID: PMC9726498 DOI: 10.1017/ash.2022.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used genomic sequencing to identify variants of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in healthcare workers with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) after receiving a booster vaccination. We compared symptoms, comorbidities, exposure risks, and vaccine history between the variants. Postbooster COVID-19 cases increased as the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant predominated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly D. Reeves
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Christopher M. Polk
- Division of Infection Diseases, Department of Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Laura A. Cox
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Robert T. Fairman
- Division of Infection Diseases, Department of Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina
- Department of Health Policy & Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Gregory A. Hawkins
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolia
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Catherine L. Passaretti
- Division of Infection Diseases, Department of Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Mindy M. Sampson
- Division of Infection Diseases, Department of Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina
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38
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Almendro-Vázquez P, Chivite-Lacaba M, Utrero-Rico A, González-Cuadrado C, Laguna-Goya R, Moreno-Batanero M, Sánchez-Paz L, Luczkowiak J, Labiod N, Folgueira MD, Delgado R, Paz-Artal E. Cellular and humoral immune responses and breakthrough infections after three SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine doses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:981350. [PMID: 36059485 PMCID: PMC9428395 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.981350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 vaccination has proven the most effective measure to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Booster doses are being administered with limited knowledge on their need and effect on immunity. Objective To determine the duration of specific T cells, antibodies and neutralization after 2-dose vaccination, to assess the effect of a third dose on adaptive immunity and to explore correlates of protection against breakthrough infection. Methods 12-month longitudinal assessment of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells, IgG and neutralizing antibodies triggered by 2 BNT162b2 doses followed by a third mRNA-1273 dose in a cohort of 77 healthcare workers: 17 with SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to vaccination (recovered) and 60 naïve. Results Peak levels of cellular and humoral response were achieved 2 weeks after the second dose. Antibodies declined thereafter while T cells reached a plateau 3 months after vaccination. The decline in neutralization was specially marked in naïve individuals and it was this group who benefited most from the third dose, which resulted in a 20.9-fold increase in neutralization. Overall, recovered individuals maintained higher levels of T cells, antibodies and neutralization 1 to 6 months post-vaccination than naïve. Seventeen asymptomatic or mild SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections were reported during follow-up, only in naïve individuals. This viral exposure boosted adaptive immunity. High peak levels of T cells and neutralizing antibodies 15 days post-vaccination associated with protection from breakthrough infections. Conclusion Booster vaccination in naïve individuals and the inclusion of viral antigens other than spike in future vaccine formulations could be useful strategies to prevent SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Almendro-Vázquez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Patricia Almendro-Vázquez,
| | - Marta Chivite-Lacaba
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Utrero-Rico
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rocio Laguna-Goya
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC – Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Laura Sánchez-Paz
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joanna Luczkowiak
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Labiod
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Dolores Folgueira
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Delgado
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC – Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Medical School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estela Paz-Artal
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC – Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Medical School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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39
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Renia L, Goh YS, Rouers A, Le Bert N, Chia WN, Chavatte JM, Fong SW, Chang ZW, Zhuo NZ, Tay MZ, Chan YH, Tan CW, Yeo NKW, Amrun SN, Huang Y, Wong JXE, Hor PX, Loh CY, Wang B, Ngoh EZX, Salleh SNM, Carissimo G, Dowla S, Lim AJ, Zhang J, Lim JME, Wang CI, Ding Y, Pada S, Sun LJ, Somani J, Lee ES, Ong DLS, Leo YS, MacAry PA, Lin RTP, Wang LF, Ren EC, Lye DC, Bertoletti A, Young BE, Ng LFP. Lower vaccine-acquired immunity in the elderly population following two-dose BNT162b2 vaccination is alleviated by a third vaccine dose. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4615. [PMID: 35941158 PMCID: PMC9358634 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the impact of age on vaccinations is essential for the design and delivery of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we present findings from a comprehensive analysis of multiple compartments of the memory immune response in 312 individuals vaccinated with the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. Two vaccine doses induce high antibody and T cell responses in most individuals. However, antibody recognition of the Spike protein of the Delta and Omicron variants is less efficient than that of the ancestral Wuhan strain. Age-stratified analyses identify a group of low antibody responders where individuals ≥60 years are overrepresented. Waning of the antibody and cellular responses is observed in 30% of the vaccinees after 6 months. However, age does not influence the waning of these responses. Taken together, while individuals ≥60 years old take longer to acquire vaccine-induced immunity, they develop more sustained acquired immunity at 6 months post-vaccination. A third dose strongly boosts the low antibody responses in the older individuals against the ancestral Wuhan strain, Delta and Omicron variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Renia
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yun Shan Goh
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Angeline Rouers
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nina Le Bert
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wan Ni Chia
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jean-Marc Chavatte
- National Public Health Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew-Wai Fong
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zi Wei Chang
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicole Ziyi Zhuo
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matthew Zirui Tay
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi-Hao Chan
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chee Wah Tan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Kim-Wah Yeo
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siti Naqiah Amrun
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuling Huang
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joel Xu En Wong
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pei Xiang Hor
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chiew Yee Loh
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bei Wang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eve Zi Xian Ngoh
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siti Nazihah Mohd Salleh
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guillaume Carissimo
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Samanzer Dowla
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alicia Jieling Lim
- National Public Health Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jinyan Zhang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joey Ming Er Lim
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng-I Wang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ying Ding
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Jyoti Somani
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng Sing Lee
- National healthcare group polyclinic, Jurong, Singapore
| | - Desmond Luan Seng Ong
- National University Polyclinics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yee-Sin Leo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul A MacAry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Life Sciences Institute, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raymond Tzer Pin Lin
- National Public Health Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ee Chee Ren
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - David C Lye
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Antonio Bertoletti
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barnaby Edward Young
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National Institute of Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Di Giacomo AM, Giacobini G, Anichini G, Gandolfo C, D'alonzo V, Calabrò L, Lofiego MF, Cusi MG, Maio M. SARS-CoV-2 infection in cancer patients on active therapy after the booster dose of mRNA vaccines. Eur J Cancer 2022; 171:143-149. [PMID: 35717822 PMCID: PMC9130712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The protective role against SARS-CoV-2 infection by the third booster dose of mRNA vaccines in cancer patients with solid malignancies is presently unknown. We prospectively investigated the occurrence of COVID-19 in cancer patients on active therapy after the booster vaccine dose. METHODS Cancer patients on treatment at the Center for Immuno-Oncology (CIO) of the University Hospital of Siena, Italy, and health care workers at CIO who had received a booster third dose of mRNA vaccine entered a systematic follow-up monitoring period to prospectively assess their potential risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Serological and microneutralization assay were utilized to assess levels of anti-spike IgG, and of neutralizing antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 Wild Type, Delta and Omicron variants, respectively, after the booster dose and after negativization of the nasopharyngeal swab for those who had developed COVID-19. RESULTS Ninety cancer patients with solid tumors on active treatment (Cohort 1) and 30 health care workers (Cohort 2) underwent a booster third dose of mRNA vaccine. After the booster dose, the median value of anti-spike IgG was higher (p = 0.009) in patients than in healthy subjects. Remarkably, 11/90 (12%) patients and 11/30 (37%) healthy subjects tested positive to SARS-CoV-2 infection during the monitoring period. Similar levels of anti-spike IgG and of neutralizing antibodies against all the investigated variants, with geometric mean titers of neutralizing antibodies against the Omicron being the lowest were detected after the booster dose and after COVID-19 in both Cohorts. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infection we observed in a sizable proportion of booster-dosed cancer patients and in healthy subjects during the Omicron outbreak indicates that highly specific vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants are urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Di Giacomo
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy; University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Italian Network for Tumor Bio-Immunotherapy Foundation Onlus, Italy
| | - Gianluca Giacobini
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Gabriele Anichini
- Virology Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Claudia Gandolfo
- Virology Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo D'alonzo
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy; University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Luana Calabrò
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria F Lofiego
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria G Cusi
- Virology Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Michele Maio
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy; University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Italian Network for Tumor Bio-Immunotherapy Foundation Onlus, Italy.
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41
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Nguyen DC, Lamothe PA, Woodruff MC, Saini AS, Faliti CE, Sanz I, Lee FE. COVID-19 and plasma cells: Is there long-lived protection? Immunol Rev 2022; 309:40-63. [PMID: 35801537 PMCID: PMC9350162 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Infection with SARS-CoV-2, the etiology of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, has resulted in over 450 million cases with more than 6 million deaths worldwide, causing global disruptions since early 2020. Memory B cells and durable antibody protection from long-lived plasma cells (LLPC) are the mainstay of most effective vaccines. However, ending the pandemic has been hampered by the lack of long-lived immunity after infection or vaccination. Although immunizations offer protection from severe disease and hospitalization, breakthrough infections still occur, most likely due to new mutant viruses and the overall decline of neutralizing antibodies after 6 months. Here, we review the current knowledge of B cells, from extrafollicular to memory populations, with a focus on distinct plasma cell subsets, such as early-minted blood antibody-secreting cells and the bone marrow LLPC, and how these humoral compartments contribute to protection after SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doan C. Nguyen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Pedro A. Lamothe
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Matthew C. Woodruff
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Emory Autoimmunity Center of ExcellenceEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Lowance Center for Human ImmunologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Ankur S. Saini
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Emory Autoimmunity Center of ExcellenceEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Lowance Center for Human ImmunologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Caterina E. Faliti
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Lowance Center for Human ImmunologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Ignacio Sanz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Emory Autoimmunity Center of ExcellenceEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Lowance Center for Human ImmunologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Frances Eun‐Hyung Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Lowance Center for Human ImmunologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
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Toniutto P, Cussigh A, Cmet S, Falleti E. Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in liver transplant recipients: The game is still long and the outcome is uncertain. Liver Int 2022; 42:2341. [PMID: 35906808 PMCID: PMC9353387 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Toniutto
- Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit, Department of Specialized MedicineUdine University HospitalUdineItaly
| | | | - Sara Cmet
- Clinical PathologyUdine University HospitalUdineItaly
| | - Edmondo Falleti
- Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit, Department of Specialized MedicineUdine University HospitalUdineItaly
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43
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Zurac S, Vladan C, Dinca O, Constantin C, Neagu M. Immunogenicity evaluation after BNT162b2 booster vaccination in healthcare workers. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12716. [PMID: 35882871 PMCID: PMC9321272 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16759-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Waning of the immune response upon vaccination in SARS-CoV-2 infection is an important subject of evaluation in this pandemic, mostly in healthcare workers (HCW) that are constantly in contact with infected samples and patients. Therefore, our study aimed to establish the specific humoral response of specific IgG and IgA antibodies upon vaccination, during the second year of pandemic and evaluating the booster shot with the same vaccine type. A group of 103 HCW with documented exposure to the virus were monitored for specific IgG and IgA levels prior to vaccination, after the first vaccination round, during the following 8 months and after the booster shot with the same vaccine type. After 8 months post-vaccination the humoral response in both IgG and IgA decreased, 2.4 times for IgG, and 2.7 times for IgA. Although the antibodies levels significantly decreased, no documented infection was registered in the group. After the booster shot, the entire group, displayed IgG increased levels, immediately after booster followed by the increase in specific IgA. IgG levels post-second round of vaccination are statistically higher compared to the first round, while IgA is restored at the same levels. Within the vaccination or booster routine for a multiple waves' pandemic that is generating new virus variants, populational immunity remains an important issue for future implementation of prevention/control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Zurac
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Vladan
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- "Prof. Dr. Dan Theodorescu" Clinical Hospital for Oro-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Octavian Dinca
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- "Prof. Dr. Dan Theodorescu" Clinical Hospital for Oro-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.
- Department of Immunology, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Monica Neagu
- Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
- "Prof. Dr. Dan Theodorescu" Clinical Hospital for Oro-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Bucharest, Romania
- Doctoral School, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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44
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Protectivity of COVID-19 Vaccines and Its Relationship with Humoral Immune Response and Vaccination Strategy: A One-Year Cohort Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081177. [PMID: 35893828 PMCID: PMC9330104 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This prospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccine schemes, homologous versus heterologous vaccine strategies, and vaccine-induced anti-S-RBD-IgG antibody response in preventing COVID-19 among 942 healthcare workers 1 year after vaccination with the inactivated and/or mRNA vaccines. All participants received the first two primary doses of vaccines, 13.6% of them lacked dose 3, 50.5% dose 4, and 90.3% dose 5. Antibody levels increased with the increase in number of vaccine doses and also in heterologous vaccine regimens. In both inactive, mRNA vaccines and mixed vaccination, infection rates were significantly higher in two-dose-receivers, but lower in four- or five-dose receivers and increasing the total number of vaccine doses resulted in more protection against infection: the three-dose regimen yielded 3.67 times more protection, the four-dose 8 times, and five-dose 27.77 times more protection from COVID-19 infection, compared to any two-dose vaccination regimens. Antibody levels at the end of the first year of four- or five-dose-receivers were significantly higher than two- or three-dose receivers. To conclude, an increased number of total vaccine doses and anti-S-RBD antibody levels increased the protection from COVID-19 infection. Therefore, four or more doses are recommended in 1 year for effective protection, especially in risk groups.
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45
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Third Dose of the BNT162b2 Vaccine Results in Sustained High Levels of Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 at 6 Months Following Vaccination in Healthy Individuals. Hemasphere 2022; 6:e747. [PMID: 35813098 PMCID: PMC9263459 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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46
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Weitzer J, Birmann BM, Steffelbauer I, Bertau M, Zenk L, Caniglia G, Laubichler MD, Steiner G, Schernhammer ES. Willingness to receive an annual COVID-19 booster vaccine in the German-speaking D-A-CH region in Europe: A cross-sectional study. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2022; 18:100414. [PMID: 35651957 PMCID: PMC9148542 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Emergence of new coronavirus variants and waning immunity may necessitate regular COVID-19 vaccine boosters, but empirical data on population willingness for regular vaccination are limited. Methods In August 2021, we surveyed 3,067 quota-sampled German-speaking adults residing in the D-A-CH region (Germany, Austria, Switzerland). Using multivariable adjusted ordered logistic regression models we calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) to assess factors associated with willingness to vaccinate annually against COVID-19. Findings Among 2,480 participants vaccinated or planning to get vaccinated, 82·4% indicated willingness to receive annual COVID-19 boosters. This willingness was higher in Austria (OR=1·47, 95% CI, 1·19-1·82; p < 0·001) and Germany (OR=1·98, 95% CI, 1·60-2·45; p < 0·001) versus Switzerland and increased with age. Having voted in the last national election (ORopposition party voters=1·51, 95% CI=1·18-1·92; p = 0·001 and ORgoverning party voters=1·57, 95% CI=1·28-1·93; p < 0·001, versus non-voters) and not regularly participating in religious meetings (OR=1·37, 95% CI=1·08-1·73; p = 0·009, versus participation at least monthly) were significantly associated with willingness to vaccinate, as was partial (OR=1·97, 95% CI=1·43-2·72; p < 0·001) or total (OR=5·20, 95% CI=3·76-7·19; p < 0·001) approval of COVID-19 mitigation measures (versus non-approval). By country, Austrians showed the strongest association of voting behavior and mitigation measure approval with willingness to vaccinate. Interpretation Targeted promotion programs informed by political and religious engagement and mitigation measure approval are needed to increase willingness to receive regular COVID-19 boosters. Funding Medical University of Vienna, Department of Epidemiology, Danube University Krems, Department for Knowledge and Communication Management; Austrian Society of Epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Weitzer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Department of Health Promotion and Prevention, Federal Ministry of the Republic of Austria for Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection, Radetzkystraße 2, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Brenda M. Birmann
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ilja Steffelbauer
- Department of Knowledge and Communication Management, Faculty of Business and Globalization, University for Continuing Education Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems an der Donau 3500, Austria
| | - Martin Bertau
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Freiberg University of Mining and Technology, Germany
| | - Lukas Zenk
- Department of Knowledge and Communication Management, Faculty of Business and Globalization, University for Continuing Education Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems an der Donau 3500, Austria
| | - Guido Caniglia
- Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Manfred D. Laubichler
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Josefstädter Straße 39, Vienna 1080, Austria
- Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
| | - Gerald Steiner
- Department of Knowledge and Communication Management, Faculty of Business and Globalization, University for Continuing Education Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems an der Donau 3500, Austria
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Josefstädter Straße 39, Vienna 1080, Austria
| | - Eva S. Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Josefstädter Straße 39, Vienna 1080, Austria
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47
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Yoshimoto N, Yanagi A, Takayama S, Sakamoto M, Tomoda K, Ishikawa K, Kawate A, Takayama S, Yamashita M, Yamamoto S, Yokoyama K, Suzuki H, Kani H. Axillary Lymph Node Swelling After COVID-19 Booster Vaccination: Japanese Case Report and Literature Review. In Vivo 2022; 36:1977-1981. [PMID: 35738594 PMCID: PMC9301409 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM COVID-19 has been a global pandemic for more than 2 years, and vaccination against COVID-19 using an mRNA vaccine is widespread. The COVID-19 vaccination can cause specific side-effects, such as axillary lymph node swelling; therefore, breast oncologists should pay attention to such occurrences. Initially, only two COVID-19 vaccinations were planned; however, in some countries third or fourth vaccines have been administered. Here, we present a female case who developed axillary lymph node swelling after her third vaccination. We have also reviewed the literature regarding this side-effect after a third or fourth COVID-19 vaccination. CASE REPORT A 64-year-old woman who came to our clinic regarding a mammography abnormality in her left breast. She had no palpable mass, but a left breast mass was shown by mammography, and ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging indicated a hamartoma. At 2 months after her second COVID-19 vaccination when she underwent these tests, she had no axillary lymph node swelling. We planned a follow-up after 6 months. At her next visit, by chance, she underwent ultrasonography 14 days after she received a third COVID-19 vaccination, and a swollen axillary lymph node was observed. CONCLUSION Axillary lymph node swelling can occur after a third COVID-19 vaccination. Therefore, breast oncologists will have to consider this side-effect of COVID-19 vaccination when diagnosing breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyasu Yoshimoto
- Department of Breast Surgery, Nagoya Tokushukai General Hospital, Kasugai, Japan;
- Clinical Research Center, Nagoya Tokushukai General Hospital, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Akemi Yanagi
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya Tokushukai General Hospital, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Satoru Takayama
- Department of Surgery, Nagoya Tokushukai General Hospital, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Masaki Sakamoto
- Department of Surgery, Nagoya Tokushukai General Hospital, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tomoda
- Department of Surgery, Nagoya Tokushukai General Hospital, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Ken Ishikawa
- Department of Surgery, Nagoya Tokushukai General Hospital, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Akifumi Kawate
- Department of Surgery, Nagoya Tokushukai General Hospital, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Shoryu Takayama
- Department of Surgery, Nagoya Tokushukai General Hospital, Kasugai, Japan
| | | | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Nagoya Tokushukai General Hospital, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Kioto Yokoyama
- Department of Surgery, Nagoya Tokushukai General Hospital, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Hiroto Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, Nagoya Tokushukai General Hospital, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Hisanori Kani
- Department of Surgery, Nagoya Tokushukai General Hospital, Kasugai, Japan
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48
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Tamura M, Fujita R, Sato T, Sato R, Kato Y, Nagasawa M, Matsumoto T. Immunological responses following the third dose of the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine among Japanese healthcare workers. J Infect Chemother 2022; 28:1478-1482. [PMID: 35921965 PMCID: PMC9339081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction A limited number of studies have shown a decline in antibody titers in healthcare workers beyond six months after the second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine, and has been insufficiently investigated yet in the respective Asian ethnic groups. Methods We conducted a longitudinal observational study on 187 healthcare workers and other personnel and healthy adults at least eight months after vaccination at the International University of Health and Welfare. Results The baseline (before the third dose of BNT162b2) anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG level was 569[377–943] AU/mL 245[240–250] days after the second dose. The mean antibody titer of participants aged 20–29 years was 4.6 times higher than that of participants aged 70–79 years. After booster vaccination, serum anti-RBD antibody levels were elevated in all participants with a median titer of 23,250[14,612–33,401] AU/mL 21[19–23] days after the third dose. The median post-booster antibody titers in the 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, and 70–79 years age groups were 30.6, 33.0, 33.8, 27.4, 50.1, and 90.3 times, respectively, higher than the pre-booster ones. Antibody levels were 15% lower in daily drinkers compared to nondrinkers, suggesting that daily alcohol consumption can prevent antibody levels from increasing after vaccination. Our results show decreased antibody titers after two doses of the vaccine, especially in the elderly; however, the third dose of the vaccine resulted in a significant increase in antibody titers in all age groups. Conclusions We provided information on antibody responses following primary and booster doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in Japan.
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49
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Avallone G, Cavallo F, Astrua C, Caldarola G, Conforti C, De Simone C, di Meo N, di Stefani A, Genovese G, Maronese CA, Marzano AV, Parente R, Quaglino P, Roccuzzo G, Tassone F, Zalaudek I, Senetta R, Ribero S. Cutaneous adverse reaction following SARS-CoV-2 vaccine booster dose: a real-life multicentre experience. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:e876-e879. [PMID: 35771093 PMCID: PMC9349823 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Avallone
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - F Cavallo
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - C Astrua
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - G Caldarola
- UOC Dermatologia , Dipartimento di scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A.Gemelli" , IRCCS, Roma
| | - C Conforti
- Dermatology Clinic, Maggiore Hospital, Trieste, Italy
| | - C De Simone
- UOC Dermatologia , Dipartimento di scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A.Gemelli" , IRCCS, Roma.,Sezione di Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del S.Cuore, Roma
| | - N di Meo
- Dermatology Clinic, Maggiore Hospital, Trieste, Italy
| | - A di Stefani
- UOC Dermatologia , Dipartimento di scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A.Gemelli" , IRCCS, Roma
| | - G Genovese
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - C A Maronese
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - A V Marzano
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - R Parente
- Department of Pathology, Humanitas-Gradenigo Hospital, Corso Regina Margherita 8, 10153, Turin, Italy
| | - P Quaglino
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - G Roccuzzo
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - F Tassone
- UOC Dermatologia , Dipartimento di scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A.Gemelli" , IRCCS, Roma
| | - I Zalaudek
- Dermatology Clinic, Maggiore Hospital, Trieste, Italy
| | - R Senetta
- Department of Oncology, Pathology Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - S Ribero
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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50
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Differential Dynamics of Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity with Three Doses of BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Healthcare Workers in Japan: A Prospective Cohort Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071050. [PMID: 35891213 PMCID: PMC9323262 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 with good efficacy are now available worldwide. However, gained immunity diminishes over time. Here, we investigate the course of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity in response to three doses of the Pfizer mRNA BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in healthcare workers in Japan. SARS-CoV-2 anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibodies (total Ig, IgG), neutralizing antibodies (NAb), and ELISpot were measured in serum and whole blood samples collected after each vaccine dose. ELISpot numbers were higher than the cutoff values in most participants at all times. It was suggested that the difference in behavior between humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity with age is complementary. Anti-RBD total Ig, IgG, and NAb indicated a high correlation at each time point after vaccine doses. Total Ig was retained long-term after the second dose and increased significantly faster by the booster dose than IgG. Nab levels of all subjects were ≤20% six months after the second dose, and the correlation coefficient was greatly reduced. These are due to the avidity of each antibody and differences among commercial kits, which may affect the evaluation of immunokinetics in previous COVID-19 studies. Therefore, it is necessary to harmonize reagents categorized by the same characteristics.
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