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Li M, Lin Y, Yu H, Lin W, Chen J, Yang Y, Wu B. The steatosis-associated fibrosis estimator (SAFE) outperformed the FIB-4 score in screening the population for liver disease. Ann Hepatol 2024; 29:101516. [PMID: 38851395 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2024.101516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Assessing fibrosis risk noninvasively is essential. The steatosis-associated fibrosis estimator (SAFE) score shows promise but needs validation. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a three-part study. In part 1, we compared the SAFE score with the Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) and NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cohort (2017-2020), using transient elastography (TE) as screening reference. In part 2, we examined patients who underwent liver biopsies at an Asian center between 2018 and 2020 to assess these models in various liver diseases. In part 3, the SAFE score was applied to adults in the NHANES cohort (1999-2016) to assess the correlation with mortality. RESULTS In part 1, we studied 6,677 patients, comprising 595 screening positive (TE ≥8 kPa). SAFE (cutoff 100) displayed a lower proportion of false positives (10.4 %) than FIB-4 (cutoff 1.3) and NFS (cutoff -1.455) (22.1 % and 43.6 %) while retaining a low proportion of false negatives (5.5 %). In part 2, SAFE outperformed FIB-4 (P = 0.04) and NFS (P = 0.04) in staging significant fibrosis (≥S2) in NAFLD and had similar accuracies in other etiologies. In part 3, the FIB-4, NFS, and SAFE score were associated with all-cause mortality in the general population, with c-statistics of 0.738, 0.736, and 0.759, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The SAFE score reduced futile referrals more effectively than FIB-4 without raising the missed TE ≥ 8 kPa rate. It correlated with all-cause mortality in the general population and excelled in staging significant fibrosis in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkai Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongsheng Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Weichun Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianning Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Yidong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China.
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Han L, Wu L, Yin Q, Li L, Zheng X, Du S, Huang X, Bai L, Wang Y, Bian Y. A promising therapy for fatty liver disease: PCSK9 inhibitors. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155505. [PMID: 38547616 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty liver disease (FLD) poses a significant global health concern worldwide, with its classification into nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) contingent upon the presence or absence of chronic and excessive alcohol consumption. The absence of specific therapeutic interventions tailored to FLD at various stages of the disease renders its treatment exceptionally arduous. Despite the fact that FLD and hyperlipidemia are intimately associated, there is still debate over how lipid-lowering medications affect FLD. Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/ Kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a serine protease predominantly synthesized in the liver, which has a crucial impact on cholesterol homeostasis. Research has confirmed that PCSK9 inhibitors have prominent lipid-lowering properties and substantial clinical effectiveness, thereby justifying the need for additional exploration of their potential role in FLD. PURPOSE Through a comprehensive literature search, this review is to identify the relationship and related mechanisms between PCSK9, lipid metabolism and FLD. Additionally, it will assess the pharmacological mechanism and applicability of PCSK9 inhibitors (including naturally occurring PCSK9 inhibitors, such as conventional herbal medicines) for the treatment of FLD and serve as a guide for updating the treatment protocol for such conditions. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted using several electronic databases, including Pubmed, Medline, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang database and ClinicalTrials.gov, from the inception of the database to 30 Jan 2024. Key words used in the literature search were "fatty liver", "hepatic steatosis", "PCSK9", "traditional Chinese medicine", "herb medicine", "botanical medicine", "clinical trial", "vivo", "vitro", linked with AND/OR. Most of the included studies were within five years. RESULTS PCSK9 participates in the regulation of circulating lipids via both LDLR dependent and independent pathways, and there is a potential association with de novo lipogenesis. Major clinical studies have demonstrated a positive correlation between circulating PCSK9 levels and the severity of NAFLD, with elevated levels of circulating PCSK9 observed in individuals exposed to chronic alcohol. Numerous studies have demonstrated the potential of PCSK9 inhibitors to ameliorate non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), potentially completely alleviate liver steatosis, and diminish liver impairment. In animal experiments, PCSK9 inhibitors have exhibited efficacy in alleviating alcoholic induced liver lipid accumulation and hepatitis. Traditional Chinese medicine such as berberine, curcumin, resveratrol, piceatannol, sauchinone, lupin, quercetin, salidroside, ginkgolide, tanshinone, lunasin, Capsella bursa-pastoris, gypenosides, and Morus alba leaves are the main natural PCS9 inhibitors. Excitingly, by inhibiting transcription, reducing secretion, direct targeting and other pathways, traditional Chinese medicine exert inhibitory effects on PCSK9, thereby exerting potential FLD therapeutic effects. CONCLUSION PCSK9 plays an important role in the development of FLD, and PCSK9 inhibitors have demonstrated beneficial effects on lipid regulation and FLD in both preclinical and clinical studies. In addition, some traditional Chinese medicines have improved the disease progression of FLD by inhibiting PCSK9 and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Consequently, the inhibition of PCSK9 appears to be a promising therapeutic strategy for FLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhu Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Liuyun Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Qinan Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Lian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Xingyue Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Shan Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Lan Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Yuan Bian
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.
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Zhao X, Wang D, Chen Y, Zhang N, Li T, Fan R, Yang L, Yang C, Yang J. Factors influencing cardiovascular system-related post-COVID-19 sequelae: A single-center cohort study. Open Med (Wars) 2024; 19:20240950. [PMID: 38737442 PMCID: PMC11087739 DOI: 10.1515/med-2024-0950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 sequelae are long-term symptoms of COVID-19. Cardiovascular disease is not only a risk factor for the occurrence of COVID-19 sequelae but also a potential result directly or indirectly caused by COVID-19 infection. Objectives The aim of this study is to investigate the cardiovascular system-related symptoms of outpatients and inpatients of the Cardiovascular Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine after recovery from novel coronavirus infection, analyze the influencing factors, and symptom characteristics of related symptoms, and thereby provide a basis for further formulating a reasonable diagnosis and treatment plan. Materials and methods From January 15, 2023 to February 15, 2023, 452 recovered patients with novel coronavirus infection who were admitted to the Cardiovascular Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine due to symptoms of the cardiovascular system (complaints of chest pain and palpitations) were involved in this study. A unified questionnaire was used to record the general information, past medical history, characteristics of chest pain or palpitations, and other COVID-19-related sequelae of the selected patients. All data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 26.0 statistical software. Results A total of 226 patients with cardiovascular symptoms and 226 patients without cardiovascular symptoms were included in this study. After univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, women (OR 2.081, 95% CI = 1.358-3.189) and young people (OR 2.557, 95% CI = 1.44-4.54) had a higher risk of cardiovascular symptoms; prehypertension (OR 1.905, 95% CI = 1.091-3.329) and hypertension (OR 2.287, 95% CI = 1.433-3.649) increased the risk of cardiovascular symptoms; patients with history of previous cardiovascular disease (OR 1.862, 95% CI = 1.16-2.988) and history of diabetes (OR 2.138, 95% CI = 1.058-4.319) had a higher risk of developing cardiovascular symptoms. The main symptoms related to COVID-19 sequelae reported by all 452 patients were fatigue (76.8%), shortness of breath (54.2%), dry mouth and bitter mouth (46.0%), gastrointestinal symptoms (42.7%), sleep disturbances (37.4%), sweating (31.9%), chills (29%), dizziness (25.7%), confusion of brain fog (25.2%), and tinnitus (14.6%). Compared with patients without cardiovascular symptoms, patients with cardiovascular symptoms were more likely to have shortness of breath (OR 3.521, 95% CI = 2.226-5.472), gastrointestinal symptoms (OR 2.039, 95% CI = 1.226-3.393), and dry mouth and bitter mouth (OR 1.918, 95% CI = 1.229-2.992). The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion In this new coronavirus infection, women, young people, the elderly, people with prehypertension, hypertension, and patients with a history of cardiovascular disease and diabetes have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular symptoms, and patients with cardiovascular symptoms are more likely to develop other COVID-19 sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250014, China
| | - Dongli Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250014, China
| | - Yongzhi Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250014, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250014, China
| | - Tianshu Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250014, China
| | - Ruixia Fan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250014, China
| | - Lei Yang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250014, China
| | - Chuanhua Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250014, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Di Fusco SA, Spinelli A, Castello L, Marino G, Maraschi I, Gulizia MM, Gabrielli D, Colivicchi F. Do Pathophysiologic Mechanisms Linking Unhealthy Lifestyle to Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer Imply Shared Preventive Measures? - A Critical Narrative Review. Circ J 2024; 88:189-197. [PMID: 34544961 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-21-0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence has shown a bidirectional link between the cardiologic and oncologic fields. Several investigations support the role of unhealthy behaviors as pathogenic factors of both cardiovascular disease and cancer. We report epidemiological and research findings on the pathophysiological mechanisms linking unhealthy lifestyle to cardiovascular disease and cancer. For each unhealthy behavior, we also discuss the role of preventive measures able to affect both cardiovascular disease and cancer occurrence and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lorenzo Castello
- Clinical and Rehabilitation Cardiology Unit, San Filippo Neri Hospital
| | - Gaetano Marino
- Clinical and Rehabilitation Cardiology Unit, San Filippo Neri Hospital
| | - Ilaria Maraschi
- Clinical and Rehabilitation Cardiology Unit, San Filippo Neri Hospital
| | | | | | - Furio Colivicchi
- Clinical and Rehabilitation Cardiology Unit, San Filippo Neri Hospital
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Kityo A, Lee SA. Independent and additive effects of binge drinking and obesity on liver enzymes: a cross-sectional analysis using the Korean National Health Insurance Service data. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2024; 12:goad074. [PMID: 38222462 PMCID: PMC10784631 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goad074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Binge drinking (BD) has been associated with elevated liver enzymes, but the joint association of BD and adiposity with liver enzymes is understudied. We aimed to examine the combined association of BD and obesity with elevated liver enzymes. Methods Data were obtained from 285,600 patients in the Korean National Health check-up program during 2009-2015. Level I BD (BD I) was defined as alcohol consumption of >60 g (men) or >40 g (women) on one occasion in the previous year. High-intensity BD (HIBD) corresponded to at least two times the BD I levels. General and abdominal obesity were defined by body mass index and waist circumference. Logistic regression was used to examine the independent and joint associations of BD and obesity with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels. Relative excess risk (RERI), attributable proportion (AP), and synergy index (SI) were calculated to estimate the additive interaction effects. Results The mean age was 42.1 ± 0.03 years and 50.2% were women. Elevated ALT [odds ratio (OR) 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.16], AST (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.11-1.23), and GGT (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.05-1.94) were associated with HIBD. Higher odds of elevated ALT (OR 3.57, 95% CI 3.43-3.71), AST (OR 3.47, 95% CI 3.37-3.58), and GGT (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.98-2.12) were observed in individuals with general obesity. A similar trend was observed for abdominal obesity. The RERI, AP, and SI for the interaction effect of BD and general obesity were 23%, 7%, and 13% for elevated AST levels, and 67%, 24%, and 58% for elevated GGT levels, respectively. Similar effects were observed for the interaction between BD and abdominal obesity. Conclusions Obesity aggravated the odds of elevated liver AST and GGT levels in HIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Kityo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ah Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Medical Bigdata Convergence, Kangwon National University, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
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Bao X, Liang Y, Chang H, Cai T, Feng B, Gordon K, Zhu Y, Shi H, He Y, Xie L. Targeting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9): from bench to bedside. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:13. [PMID: 38185721 PMCID: PMC10772138 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01690-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has evolved as a pivotal enzyme in lipid metabolism and a revolutionary therapeutic target for hypercholesterolemia and its related cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This comprehensive review delineates the intricate roles and wide-ranging implications of PCSK9, extending beyond CVD to emphasize its significance in diverse physiological and pathological states, including liver diseases, infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and notably, cancer. Our exploration offers insights into the interaction between PCSK9 and low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLRs), elucidating its substantial impact on cholesterol homeostasis and cardiovascular health. It also details the evolution of PCSK9-targeted therapies, translating foundational bench discoveries into bedside applications for optimized patient care. The advent and clinical approval of innovative PCSK9 inhibitory therapies (PCSK9-iTs), including three monoclonal antibodies (Evolocumab, Alirocumab, and Tafolecimab) and one small interfering RNA (siRNA, Inclisiran), have marked a significant breakthrough in cardiovascular medicine. These therapies have demonstrated unparalleled efficacy in mitigating hypercholesterolemia, reducing cardiovascular risks, and have showcased profound value in clinical applications, offering novel therapeutic avenues and a promising future in personalized medicine for cardiovascular disorders. Furthermore, emerging research, inclusive of our findings, unveils PCSK9's potential role as a pivotal indicator for cancer prognosis and its prospective application as a transformative target for cancer treatment. This review also highlights PCSK9's aberrant expression in various cancer forms, its association with cancer prognosis, and its crucial roles in carcinogenesis and cancer immunity. In conclusion, this synthesized review integrates existing knowledge and novel insights on PCSK9, providing a holistic perspective on its transformative impact in reshaping therapeutic paradigms across various disorders. It emphasizes the clinical value and effect of PCSK9-iT, underscoring its potential in advancing the landscape of biomedical research and its capabilities in heralding new eras in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Bao
- Institute of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
- Center for Clinical Research, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Cell-based Immunotherapy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Yongjun Liang
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanman Chang
- Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tianji Cai
- Department of Sociology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Baijie Feng
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Konstantin Gordon
- Medical Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Yuekun Zhu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hailian Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Shanghai, China
| | - Yundong He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liyi Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Zillich L, Wagner J, McMahan RH, Park LM, Hodgkinson C, Kovacs EJ, Lohoff FW. Multi-omics analysis of alcohol effects on the liver in young and aged mice. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13342. [PMID: 38017640 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption has detrimental effects on the entire organism, especially on the liver. The toxicity is partly dependent on age, as older individuals metabolize alcohol more slowly leading to increased cellular injury. This study aimed to investigate the effects of moderate binge drinking on the liver of young and aged mice in a genome-wide multi-omics approach. We determined DNA methylation (DNAm) using the Illumina MouseMethylation array and gene expression by RNA sequencing in 18 female Balb/c mice in a 2 × 2 design. The animals underwent three moderate binge drinking cycles (ethanol vs. vehicle) and liver tissue was harvested at 4 or 19 months of age. We tested differential gene expression (DE) and DNAm associated with ethanol intake in linear models separately in young and aged mice, performed enrichment analyses for pathways and GWAS signatures of problematic alcohol use, and analysed the overlap of DNAm and gene expression. We observed DE in young and aged animals and substantial overlap in genes such as Bhlhe40, Klf10, and Frmd8. DE genes in aged animals were enriched for biological processes related to alcohol metabolism, inflammation, liver fibrosis, and GWAS signatures of problematic alcohol use. We identified overlapping signatures from DNAm and gene expression, for example, Frmd8 in aged and St6galnac4 in young mice. This study offers converging evidence of novel age-related targets in a moderate alcohol consumption model highlighting dysregulations in genes related to alcohol metabolism, inflammation, and liver fibrosis. Future studies are needed to confirm these results and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Zillich
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Josephin Wagner
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachel H McMahan
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Alcohol Research Program, Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- GI and Liver Innate Immune Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lauren M Park
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Colin Hodgkinson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Alcohol Research Program, Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- GI and Liver Innate Immune Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Veterans Health Administration, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Falk W Lohoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Dakhil ZA, Farhan HA, Faraz F, Skuk MR, Al-Jorani MS, Rehman MEU, Kemaloğlu Öz T. Impact of Earthquake on Cardiovascular Health: What Should Cardiovascular Healthcare Providers Anticipate After the Devastating Earthquakes in Turkey and Syria? Curr Probl Cardiol 2023; 48:101800. [PMID: 37172875 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.101800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Natural disasters like earthquakes have direct and indirect association with major adverse cardiac events. They can impact cardiovascular health by multiple mechanisms not to mention their impact on cardiovascular care and services. Besides the humanitarian tragedy that calls attention globally, we as part of cardiovascular community are concerned with the short and long outcomes of those who survived the recent Turkey and Syria earthquake tragedy. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to draw attention of cardiovascular healthcare providers to the anticipated cardiovascular issues that may arise in survivors on short- and long-term postearthquakes to ensure proper screening and earlier management of this population. With the anticipated increase in natural disasters in future considering climate changes, geological factors, and human activities, the cardiovascular healthcare providers as part of medical community should be aware of the high rate of cardiovascular disease burden that can occur among survivors of earthquakes and other natural disasters, so, they should act accordingly in terms of preparedness measures, adequate response planning starting from services re-allocation to personnel training and enhancing access to medical and cardiac care in both acute and chronic contexts, not to mention screening and risk-stratifying the patients to optimize their management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hasan Ali Farhan
- Baghdad Heart Centre, Iraqi Scientific Council of Cardiology, Baghdad Iraq
| | - Fatima Faraz
- Department of Medicine, Rawalpindi Medical University.
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Wang S, Liu J, Cheng D, Ren L, Zheng L, Chen F, Zeng T. Bacillus subtilis pretreatment alleviates ethanol-induced acute liver injury by regulating the Gut-liver axis in mice. Toxicology 2023; 488:153487. [PMID: 36907542 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of Bacillus subtilis, a commensal bacterial species in the human gut, on ethanol-induced acute liver damage and the underlying mechanisms in mice. Male ICR mice challenged with three doses of ethanol (5.5 g/kg BW) exhibited a significant increase in serum aminotransferase activities and TNF-α level, liver fat accumulation, and activation of NF-κB signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome, which was suppressed by pretreatment with Bacillus subtilis. Besides, Bacillus subtilis inhibited acute ethanol-induced intestinal villi shortening and epithelial loss, the decline of protein levels of intestinal tight junction protein ZO-1 and occludin, and elevation of serum LPS level. Furthermore, the upregulation of mucin-2 (MUC2) and the downregulation of anti-microbial Reg3B and Reg3G levels induced by ethanol were repressed by Bacillus subtilis. Lastly, Bacillus subtilis pretreatment significantly increased the abundance of the intestinal Bacillus, but had no effects on the binge drinking-induced increase of Prevotellaceae abundance. These results demonstrate that Bacillus subtilis supplementation could ameliorate binge drinking-induced liver injury, and thus may serve as a functional dietary supplement for binge drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Jinqian Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Dong Cheng
- Department of Health Test and Detection, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Lehao Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Lixue Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Fang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China.
| | - Tao Zeng
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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10
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Bell AS, Wagner J, Rosoff DB, Lohoff FW. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) in the central nervous system. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 149:105155. [PMID: 37019248 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The gene encoding proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and its protein product have been widely studied for their role in cholesterol and lipid metabolism. PCSK9 increases the rate of metabolic degradation of low-density lipoprotein receptors, preventing the diffusion of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) from plasma into cells and contributes to high lipoprotein-bound cholesterol levels in the plasma. While most research has focused on the regulation and disease relevance of PCSK9 to the cardiovascular system and lipid metabolism, there is a growing body of evidence that PCSK9 plays a crucial role in pathogenic processes in other organ systems, including the central nervous system. PCSK9's impact on the brain is not yet fully understood, though several recent studies have sought to illuminate its impact on various neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, as well as its connection with ischemic stroke. Cerebral PCSK9 expression is low but is highly upregulated during disease states. Among others, PCSK9 is known to play a role in neurogenesis, neural cell differentiation, central LDL receptor metabolism, neural cell apoptosis, neuroinflammation, Alzheimer's Disease, Alcohol Use Disorder, and stroke. The PCSK9 gene contains several polymorphisms, including both gain-of-function and loss-of-function mutations which profoundly impact normal PCSK9 signaling and cholesterol metabolism. Gain-of-function mutations lead to persistent hypercholesterolemia and poor health outcomes, while loss-of-function mutations generally lead to hypocholesterolemia and may serve as a protective factor against diseases of the liver, cardiovascular system, and central nervous system. Recent genomic studies have sought to identify the end-organ effects of such mutations and continue to identify evidence of a much broader role for PCSK9 in extrahepatic organ systems. Despite this, there remain large gaps in our understanding of PCSK9, its regulation, and its effects on disease risk outside the liver. This review, which incorporates data from a wide range of scientific disciplines and experimental paradigms, is intended to describe PCSK9's role in the central nervous system as it relates to cerebral disease and neuropsychiatric disorders, and to examine the clinical potential of PCSK9 inhibitors and genetic variation in the PCSK9 gene on disease outcomes, including neurological and neuropsychiatric disease.
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11
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LIU Z, DONG J, LI H, YANG R, SHAO Z, WANG S. [Determination of phosphatidylethanol in whole-blood by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry based on intelligent scheduled time-zone acquisition technology and the application to population level survey]. Se Pu 2023; 41:131-141. [PMID: 36725709 PMCID: PMC9892970 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2022.06025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol intake is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, liver disease, and diabetes. The accurate and objective evaluation of alcohol intake is important for disease prevention and intervention, as well as alcohol intake monitoring. Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is a potential clinical biomarker of alcohol consumption. Monitoring PEth levels can provide an objective and quantitative basis for alcohol intake studies. Unlike other current alcohol biomarkers, PEth can only be produced in the presence of alcohol. Therefore, PEth is highly specific for alcohol intake and not affected by confounding factors, such as age, gender, hypertension, kidney disease, liver disease, and other comorbidities. Because of its long half-life and high specificity for alcohol intake, PEth may be used as a tool for monitoring drinking behavior in the clinical, transportation, and other fields. Given rapid developments in mass spectrometry technology over the past decade, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has become the preferred method for PEth detection. However, most current LC-MS/MS methods focus on the determination of one or several PEth homologs, and the number of PEth homologs that can be determined simultaneously is relatively limited. Moreover, the detection capacity of the available methods remains insufficient, and their analytical sensitivity for some PEth homologs must be further improved. In this study, a novel LC-MS/MS method based on an intelligent scheduled time-zone negative multiple reaction monitoring acquisition technology (Scheduled-MRM) was developed. The technology monitors two ion channels in each PEth to ensure reliable results and can quantify 18 PEth homologs in human whole blood simultaneously. Methanol-methyl tert-butyl ether-water was used as the extraction system. An XBridge C18 column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 3.5 μm) was selected for gradient elution with 2.5 mmol/L ammonium acetate isopropanol solution and 2.5 mmol/L ammonium acetate aqueous solution-acetonitrile (50∶50, v/v) as the mobile phases. Negative electronic spray ionization in scheduled-MRM mode was applied for MS/MS detection. The method was validated to have a linear range of 10-2500 ng/mL with correlation coefficients greater than 0.9999. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.7-2.8 and 2.2-9.4 ng/mL, respectively, and the spiked recoveries ranged from 91.0% to 102.2%. The method was confirmed to be simple, rapid, and precise, and subsequently validated for the measurement of 18 PEth homologs in human blood. Scheduled-MRM can assign a suitable scan time to each ion channel and effectively reduce the number of concurrent ion pairs monitored per unit time. This technology overcomes the problem of insufficient dwell time caused by an excessive number of ion channels, thereby avoiding the redundant monitoring of non-retention times. Scheduled-MRM significantly improved the detection sensitivity, data acquisition quality, and signal response of the proposed method. Whole blood samples from 359 volunteers with regular drinking habits were analyzed using this method. The total PEth concentrations ranged from 51.13 ng/mL to 2.89 μg/mL, with a mean of 363.16 ng/mL. PEth 16∶0/18∶1 and 16∶0/18∶2 were the two most abundant homologs, with mean concentrations of 74.21 and 48.75 ng/mL, accounting for approximately 20.43% and 13.42%, respectively, of the total PEth. Spearman correlation analyses showed that the PEth homologs correlated well with each other, γ-glutamyltransferase, a clinically available biological marker of alcohol, and other clinical biochemical parameters related to liver and kidney function. Overall, the method was demonstrated to be sensitive, precise, and accurate; thus, it may be an effective tool for monitoring alcohol intake in the clinical and other fields.
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12
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Oh H, Sohn W, Cho YK. The effects of moderate alcohol consumption on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Mol Hepatol 2023; 29:S261-S267. [PMID: 36545707 PMCID: PMC10029968 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2022.0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is accepted as a counterpart to alcohol-related liver disease because it is defined as hepatic steatosis without excessive use of alcohol. However, the definition of moderate alcohol consumption, as well as whether moderate alcohol consumption is beneficial or detrimental, remains controversial. In this review, the findings of clinical studies to date with high-quality evidence regarding the effects of moderate alcohol consumption in NAFLD patients were compared and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunwoo Oh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Won Sohn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Kyun Cho
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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13
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Ottaru TA, Kwesigabo GP, Butt Z, Rivera AS, Chillo P, Siril H, Hirschhorn LR, Feinstein MJ, Hawkins C. Ideal Cardiovascular Health: Distribution, Determinants and Relationship with Health Status among People Living with HIV in Urban Tanzania. Glob Heart 2022; 17:74. [PMID: 36382155 PMCID: PMC9562968 DOI: 10.5334/gh.1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ageing adults living with HIV (ALHIV) have increased risk of cardiovascular diseases as a result of HIV-infection-related chronic immune activation and inflammatory responses. Cardiovascular health index (CVHI) is a valid and relatively simple index for assessing the cardiovascular health (CVH) of the general population. Use of this index among ALHIV in Sub Saharan Africa, a resource-restricted setting where it could be mostly beneficial, remains limited. Understanding of the distribution and associated factors may inform the design of optimal interventions to improve CVH of ALHIV. Objective We aimed to assess the distribution and factors associated with CVHI scores among ALHIV in an urban setting in Tanzania. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among ALHIV on antiretroviral therapy at six HIV clinics in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. We summed the score of each of the seven CVHI metric to obtain the overall CVHI score and assessed the distribution of the score by sex. We then categorized the overall score into ideal (5-7), intermediate (3-4) and poor (<3) CVH categories and performed ordinal regression to identify CVHI score associated factors. Results In all, 629 ALHIV [mean age of 43.5(SD ± 11.2) years] were enrolled. Most had ideal levels of blood glucose (96.2%) and smoking status (83.4%) while less than half had ideal BMI (48.1%), blood pressure (BP) (43.9%) and dietary intake (7.8%). Less than half (47.6%) showed ideal CVH, while less than 1% had all seven metrics at ideal level. Older age (0.96(95%CI:0.95-0.97), p-value < 0.001), being retired/unemployed (0.59(95%CI:0.43-0.81), p-value < 0.01), being employed (0.76(95%CI:0.62-0.94), p-value = 0.01) alcohol use (0.41(95%CI:0.21-0.80), p-value = 0.01) and presence of non-communicable disease comorbidities (0.68(95%CI:0.48-0.97), p-value = 0.04) had significant lower odds of ideal CVH. Conclusion Based on our findings, interventions to improve CVH of ALHIV should target BP management, health education on diet for BMI control and reduction in alcohol consumption, particularly among ageing ALHIV with comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresia A. Ottaru
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Gideon P. Kwesigabo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Zeeshan Butt
- Phreesia, Inc, Delaware, US
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Illinois, US
| | - Adovich S. Rivera
- Institute for Public Health and Management, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Illinois, US
| | - Pilly Chillo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Helen Siril
- Management and Development for Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Lisa R. Hirschhorn
- Department of Medical Social Sciences and Robert J Havey Institute of Global Health, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, US
| | - Matthew J. Feinstein
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Illinois, US
| | - Claudia Hawkins
- Department of Medicine, Robert J Havey Institute of Global Health, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, US
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14
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Jung J, McCartney DL, Wagner J, Rosoff DB, Schwandt M, Sun H, Wiers CE, de Carvalho LM, Volkow ND, Walker RM, Campbell A, Porteous DJ, McIntosh AM, Marioni RE, Horvath S, Evans KL, Lohoff FW. Alcohol use disorder is associated with DNA methylation-based shortening of telomere length and regulated by TESPA1: implications for aging. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3875-3884. [PMID: 35705636 PMCID: PMC9708583 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01624-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic heavy alcohol consumption is associated with increased mortality and morbidity and often leads to premature aging; however, the mechanisms of alcohol-associated cellular aging are not well understood. In this study, we used DNA methylation derived telomere length (DNAmTL) as a novel approach to investigate the role of alcohol use on the aging process. DNAmTL was estimated by 140 cytosine phosphate guanines (CpG) sites in 372 individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and 243 healthy controls (HC) and assessed using various endophenotypes and clinical biomarkers. Validation in an independent sample of DNAmTL on alcohol consumption was performed (N = 4219). Exploratory genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on DNAmTL were also performed to identify genetic variants contributing to DNAmTL shortening. Top GWAS findings were analyzed using in-silico expression quantitative trait loci analyses and related to structural MRI hippocampus volumes of individuals with AUD. DNAmTL was 0.11-kilobases shorter per year in AUD compared to HC after adjustment for age, sex, race, and blood cell composition (p = 4.0 × 10-12). This association was partially attenuated but remained significant after additionally adjusting for BMI, and smoking status (0.06 kilobases shorter per year, p = 0.002). DNAmTL shortening was strongly associated with chronic heavy alcohol use (ps < 0.001), elevated gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (ps < 0.004). Comparison of DNAmTL with PCR-based methods of assessing TL revealed positive correlations (R = 0.3, p = 2.2 × 10-5), highlighting the accuracy of DNAmTL as a biomarker. The GWAS meta-analysis identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs4374022 and 18 imputed ones in Thymocyte Expressed, Positive Selection Associated 1(TESPA1), at the genome-wide level (p = 3.75 × 10-8). The allele C of rs4374022 was associated with DNAmTL shortening, lower hippocampus volume (p < 0.01), and decreased mRNA expression in hippocampus tissue (p = 0.04). Our study demonstrates DNAmTL-related aging acceleration in AUD and suggests a functional role for TESPA1 in regulating DNAmTL length, possibly via the immune system with subsequent biological effects on brain regions negatively affected by alcohol and implicated in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeesun Jung
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel L McCartney
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Josephin Wagner
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel B Rosoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Melanie Schwandt
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hui Sun
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Corinde E Wiers
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luana Martins de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nora D Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rosie M Walker
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn L Evans
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Falk W Lohoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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15
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Barney TM, Vore AS, Trapp SL, Finkenberg CL, Pugliesi DR, Schmalzle MM, Evans SH, Varlinskaya EI, Deak T. Circulating corticosterone levels mediate the relationship between acute ethanol intoxication and markers of NF-κB activation in male rats. Neuropharmacology 2022; 210:109044. [PMID: 35341791 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Binge drinking is a harmful pattern of alcohol use that is associated with a number of serious health problems. Of particular interest are the rapid alterations in neuroimmune gene expression and the concurrent activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation associated with high intensity drinking. Using a rat model of acute binge-like ethanol exposure, the present studies were designed to assess the role of corticosterone (CORT) in ethanol-induced neuroimmune gene expression changes, particularly those associated with the NFκB signaling pathway, including rapid induction of IL-6 and IκBα, and suppression of IL-1β and TNFα gene expression evident after administration of moderate to high doses of ethanol (1.5-3.5 g/kg ip) during intoxication (3 h post-injection). Experiment 1 tested whether inhibition of CORT synthesis with metyrapone and aminoglutethimide (100 mg/kg each, sc) would block ethanol-induced changes in neuroimmune gene expression. Results indicated that rapid alterations in IκBα, IL-1β, and TNFα expression were completely blocked by pretreatment with the glucocorticoid synthesis inhibitors, an effect that was reinstated by co-administration of exogenous CORT (3.75 mg/kg) in Experiment 2. Experiment 3 assessed whether these rapid alterations in neuroimmune gene expression would be evident when rats were challenged with a subthreshold dose of ethanol (1.5 g/kg) in combination with 2.5 mg/kg CORT, which showed limited evidence for additive effects of low-dose CORT combined with a moderate dose of ethanol. Acute inhibition of mineralocorticoid (spironolactone) or glucocorticoid (mifepristone) receptors, alone (Experiment 4) or combined (Experiment 5) had no effect on ethanol-induced changes in neuroimmune gene expression, presumably due to poor CNS penetrance of these drugs. Finally, Experiments 6 and 7 showed that dexamethasone (subcutaneous; a GR agonist) recapitulated effects of ethanol. Overall, we conclude that ethanol-induced CORT synthesis and release is responsible for suppression of IL-1β, TNFα, and induction of IκBα in the hippocampus through GR signaling. Interventions designed to curb these changes may reduce drinking, and subdue detrimental neuroimmune activation induced by ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaddeus M Barney
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton, NY, 13902-6000, USA
| | - Andrew S Vore
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton, NY, 13902-6000, USA
| | - Sarah L Trapp
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton, NY, 13902-6000, USA
| | - Cristal L Finkenberg
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton, NY, 13902-6000, USA
| | - Dominique R Pugliesi
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton, NY, 13902-6000, USA
| | - Megha M Schmalzle
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton, NY, 13902-6000, USA
| | - Shani H Evans
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton, NY, 13902-6000, USA
| | - Elena I Varlinskaya
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton, NY, 13902-6000, USA
| | - Terrence Deak
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton, NY, 13902-6000, USA.
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16
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Vannier AGL, PeBenito A, Fomin V, Chung RT, Schaefer E, Goodman RP, Luther J. An exploratory analysis of the competing effects of alcohol use and advanced hepatic fibrosis on serum HDL. Clin Exp Med 2022; 22:103-110. [PMID: 34212294 PMCID: PMC8863747 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-021-00736-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
While alcohol use has been shown to increase serum HDL, advanced liver disease associates with decreased serum HDL. The combined influence of alcohol consumption and liver fibrosis is poorly defined. In this study, we sought to investigate the competing effects of alcohol use and hepatic fibrosis on serum HDL and to determine if the presence of advanced hepatic fibrosis ablates the reported effect of alcohol consumption on serum HDL. We performed a cross-sectional, exploratory analysis examining the interaction between alcohol use and advanced hepatic fibrosis on serum HDL levels in 10,528 patients from the Partners Biobank. Hepatic fibrosis was assessed using the FIB-4 index. We excluded patients with baseline characteristics that affect serum HDL, independent of alcohol use or the presence or advanced hepatic fibrosis. We observed an incremental correlation between increasing HDL levels and amount of alcohol consumed (P < 0.0001), plateauing in those individuals who drink 1-2 drinks per day, Contrastingly, we found a negative association between the presence of advanced hepatic fibrosis and lower HDL levels, independent of alcohol use (beta coefficient: -0.011075, SEM0.003091, P value: 0.0001). Finally, when comparing subjects with advanced hepatic fibrosis who do not use alcohol to those who do, we observed that alcohol use is associated with increased HDL levels (54.58 mg/dL vs 67.26 mg/dL, p = 0.0009). This HDL-elevating effect of alcohol was more pronounced than that seen in patients without evidence of advanced hepatic fibrosis (60.88 mg/dL vs 67.93 mg/dL, p < 0.0001). Our data suggest that the presence of advanced hepatic fibrosis does not blunt the HDL-elevating effect of alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustin G L Vannier
- Division of Gastroenterology, MGH Alcohol Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Amanda PeBenito
- Division of Gastroenterology, MGH Alcohol Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Vladislav Fomin
- Division of Gastroenterology, MGH Alcohol Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Raymond T Chung
- Division of Gastroenterology, MGH Alcohol Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Esperance Schaefer
- Division of Gastroenterology, MGH Alcohol Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Russell P Goodman
- Division of Gastroenterology, MGH Alcohol Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jay Luther
- Division of Gastroenterology, MGH Alcohol Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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17
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Agius R, Pace NP, Fava S. Sex differences in cardiometabolic abnormalities in a middle-aged Maltese population. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE 2022; 113:484-500. [PMID: 35006592 PMCID: PMC9043060 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-021-00592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There are sex differences in distribution of fat and in the prevalence of overweight and obesity. We therefore sought to explore sex differences in the prevalence of adiposity-metabolic health phenotypes, in anthropometric and cardio-metabolic parameters, and in the relationship between body mass index (BMI) categories and metabolic health. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study carried out between January 2018 and June 2019, of a nationally representative sample of the Maltese Caucasian population aged 41 ± 5 years. Metabolic health was defined as presence of ≤ 1 parameter of the metabolic syndrome as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. RESULTS Males exhibited the unhealthy metabolic phenotype more frequently than women (41.3% vs 27.8%). In total, 10.3% of normal weight men and 6.3% of normal weight women were metabolically unhealthy. Males had a higher median BMI, but a lower proportion of males exhibited an abnormally high waist circumference as compared with females. A significant difference in sex distribution was noted for each body composition phenotype. CONCLUSION In a contemporary sample of middle-aged individuals, males were more metabolically unhealthy and more insulin resistant than their female counterparts in spite of exhibiting an abnormal waist circumference less frequently and having similar waist index. This suggests that the currently used cut-offs for normal waist circumference should be revised downwards in men. Since even normal weight men were more often metabolically unhealthy than normal weight women, BMI cut-offs may also need to be lowered in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Agius
- University of Malta Medical School, Msida, Malta ,Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
| | | | - Stephen Fava
- University of Malta Medical School, Msida, Malta ,Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
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18
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Peng J, Liu MM, Jin JL, Cao YX, Guo YL, Wu NQ, Zhu CG, Dong Q, Sun J, Xu RX, Li JJ. NAFLD fibrosis score is correlated with PCSK9 and improves outcome prediction of PCSK9 in patients with chest pain: a cohort study. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:3. [PMID: 34996457 PMCID: PMC8742334 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01610-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The risk of liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can be easily evaluated by noninvasive scoring systems, of which the NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) is the most commonly used. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a new predictor of cardiovascular events, has been reported to be associated with cardiovascular outcomes and NAFLD. However, the relationship of NFS with PCSK9 and their prognostic abilities in cardiovascular risks are unknown. Methods A total of 2008 hospitalized subjects who had chest pain without lipid-lowering therapy were consecutively included. Baseline clinical data were collected, and the NFS was calculated. The circulating PCSK9 concentration was determined by enzyme immunoassay. The major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) occurrences were recorded in the follow-up period. Associations of PCSK9 concentration with NFS were examined. All of the participants were categorized into three groups according to NFS levels and were further stratified by PCSK9 tertiles to evaluate the MACEs. Results 158 (7.87%) MACEs were observed during a mean of 3.2 years of follow-up. NFS levels were independently related to higher PCSK9 levels according to multivariable linear regression analysis. Furthermore, elevated PCSK9 and NFS concentrations were respectively associated with increased MACE incidence in multivariable Cox regression models. When combining NFS status with PCSK9 tertiles as a stratifying factor, patients with intermediate-high NFS and high PCSK9 levels had higher risks of events than those with low NFS and low PCSK9 levels. Conclusions This study revealed for the first time that NFS is positively related to PCSK9 and that the combination of NFS and PCSK9 greatly increased the risk of MACEs in patients with chest pain, providing a potential link between NFS and PCSK9 for predicting cardiovascular events. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-021-01610-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Peng
- Cardiometabolic medicine center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No 167 BeiLiShi Road, XiCheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Ming-Ming Liu
- Cardiometabolic medicine center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No 167 BeiLiShi Road, XiCheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jing-Lu Jin
- Cardiometabolic medicine center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No 167 BeiLiShi Road, XiCheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Ye-Xuan Cao
- Cardiometabolic medicine center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No 167 BeiLiShi Road, XiCheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yuan-Lin Guo
- Cardiometabolic medicine center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No 167 BeiLiShi Road, XiCheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Na-Qiong Wu
- Cardiometabolic medicine center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No 167 BeiLiShi Road, XiCheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Cheng-Gang Zhu
- Cardiometabolic medicine center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No 167 BeiLiShi Road, XiCheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Qian Dong
- Cardiometabolic medicine center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No 167 BeiLiShi Road, XiCheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Cardiometabolic medicine center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No 167 BeiLiShi Road, XiCheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Rui-Xia Xu
- Cardiometabolic medicine center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No 167 BeiLiShi Road, XiCheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- Cardiometabolic medicine center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No 167 BeiLiShi Road, XiCheng District, Beijing, 100037, China.
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Gan WQ, Buxton JA, Scheuermeyer FX, Palis H, Zhao B, Desai R, Janjua NZ, Slaunwhite AK. Risk of cardiovascular diseases in relation to substance use disorders. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 229:109132. [PMID: 34768052 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use disorder (SUD) has become increasingly prevalent worldwide, this study investigated the associations of SUD and alcohol, cannabis, opioid, or stimulant use disorder with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 11 major CVD subtypes. METHODS This study was based on a 20% random sample of residents in British Columbia, Canada, who were aged 18 - 80 years at baseline on January 1, 2015. Using linked administrative health data during 2010 - 2014, we identified people with various SUDs and prevalent CVDs at baseline, and examined the cross-sectional associations between SUDs and CVDs. After excluding people with CVDs at baseline, we followed the cohort for 4 years to identify people who developed incident CVDs, and examined the longitudinal associations between SUDs and CVDs. RESULTS The cross-sectional analysis at baseline included 778,771 people (mean age 45 years, 50% male), 13,279 (1.7%) had SUD, and 41,573 (5.3%) had prevalent CVD. After adjusting for covariates, people with SUD were 2.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5 - 2.8) times more likely than people without SUD to have prevalent CVD. The longitudinal analysis included 617,863 people, 17,360 (2.8%) developed incident CVD during the follow-up period. After adjusting for covariates, people with SUD were 1.7 (95% CI, 1.6 - 1.9) times more likely than people without SUD to develop incident CVD. The cross-sectional and longitudinal associations were more pronounced for people with opioid or stimulant use disorder. CONCLUSIONS People with SUD are more likely to have prevalent CVD and develop incident CVD compared with people without SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Qi Gan
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Jane A Buxton
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Frank X Scheuermeyer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Heather Palis
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bin Zhao
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Roshni Desai
- First Nations Health Authority, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Naveed Z Janjua
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Canadian Network on Hepatitis C, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amanda K Slaunwhite
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Agius R, Pace NP, Fava S. Characterisation of body size phenotypes in a middle-aged Maltese population. J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e81. [PMID: 34616552 PMCID: PMC8477348 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is increasingly recognised as being a heterogeneous disease. Some obese individuals may present a metabolically healthy profile (metabolically healthy obese (MHO)), while some normal weight individuals exhibit an adverse cardiometabolic phenotype (metabolically unhealthy normal weight individuals (MUHNW)). The objectives of the present study were to examine the prevalence and associated characteristics of the different body composition phenotypes within a Maltese cohort. This was a cross-sectional analysis involving 521 individuals aged 41 ± 5 years. The metabolically unhealthy state was defined as the presence of ≥2 metabolic syndrome components (NCEP-ATPIII parameters), while individuals with ≤1 cardiometabolic abnormalities were classified as metabolically healthy. Overall, 70 % of the studied population was overweight or obese and 30⋅7 % had ≥2 cardiometabolic abnormalities. The prevalence of MHO and MUHNW was 10⋅7 and 2⋅1 %, respectively. Individuals with the healthy phenotype were more likely to consume alcohol, participate in regular physical activity and less likely to be smokers. While the MHO phenotype had similar values for waist, hip and neck circumferences, waist-hip ratio and insulin resistance when compared with MUHNW individuals, there was a lower proportion of MHO subjects having a high fasting plasma glucose, hypertriglyceridaemia or low HDL-C when compared with the unhealthy lean individuals. A high prevalence of the metabolically unhealthy phenotype was observed in this relatively young population which may result in significant future cardiovascular disease burden if timely assessment and management of modifiable risk factors are not implemented. Furthermore, the present study suggests that the MHO phenotype is not totally benign as previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Agius
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Tal-Qroqq, Msida, Malta
- Mater Dei Hospital, Triq Dun Karm, Msida, MSD 2090, Malta
| | - Nikolai Paul Pace
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Tal-Qroqq, Msida, Malta
| | - Stephen Fava
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Tal-Qroqq, Msida, Malta
- Mater Dei Hospital, Triq Dun Karm, Msida, MSD 2090, Malta
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21
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Raabe FJ, Wagner E, Weiser J, Brechtel S, Popovic D, Adorjan K, Pogarell O, Hoch E, Koller G. Classical blood biomarkers identify patients with higher risk for relapse 6 months after alcohol withdrawal treatment. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:891-902. [PMID: 32627047 PMCID: PMC8236027 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01153-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This naturalistic study among patients with alcohol dependence examined whether routine blood biomarkers could help to identify patients with high risk for relapse after withdrawal treatment. In a longitudinal study with 6-month follow-up among 133 patients with alcohol dependence who received inpatient alcohol withdrawal treatment, we investigated the usefulness of routine blood biomarkers and clinical and sociodemographic factors for potential outcome prediction and risk stratification. Baseline routine blood biomarkers (gamma-glutamyl transferase [GGT], alanine aminotransferase [ALT/GPT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST/GOT], mean cell volume of erythrocytes [MCV]), and clinical and sociodemographic characteristics were recorded at admission. Standardized 6 months' follow-up assessed outcome variables continuous abstinence, days of continuous abstinence, daily alcohol consumption and current abstinence. The combined threshold criterion of an AST:ALT ratio > 1.00 and MCV > 90.0 fl helped to identify high-risk patients. They had lower abstinence rates (P = 0.001), higher rates of daily alcohol consumption (P < 0.001) and shorter periods of continuous abstinence (P = 0.027) compared with low-risk patients who did not meet the threshold criterion. Regression analysis confirmed our hypothesis that the combination criterion is an individual baseline variable that significantly predicted parts of the respective outcome variances. Routinely assessed indirect alcohol biomarkers help to identify patients with high risk for relapse after alcohol withdrawal treatment. Clinical decision algorithms to identify patients with high risk for relapse after alcohol withdrawal treatment could include classical blood biomarkers in addition to clinical and sociodemographic items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian J Raabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany.
| | - Elias Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Judith Weiser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Brechtel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - David Popovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Kristina Adorjan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Pogarell
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Hoch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Treatment, Department of Psychology, LMU Munich, Leopoldstrasse 13, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Koller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
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Association of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol With GFR Decline in a General Nondiabetic Population. Kidney Int Rep 2021; 6:2084-2094. [PMID: 34386657 PMCID: PMC8343778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), experimental evidence suggest that aging, inflammation, and oxidative stress may remodel HDL-C, leading to dysfunctional HDL-C. Population studies on HDL-C and loss of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) reported inconsistent results, but they used inaccurate estimates of the GFR and may have been confounded by comorbidity. Methods We investigated the association of HDL-C levels with risk of GFR loss in a general population cohort; the participants were aged 50-62 years and did not have diabetes, CVD, or chronic kidney disease (CKD) at baseline. The GFR was measured using iohexol-clearance at baseline (n=1627) and at the follow-up (n=1324) after a median of 5.6 years. We also investigated any possible effect modification by low-grade inflammation, physical activity, and sex. Results Higher HDL-C levels were associated with steeper GFR decline rates and increased risk of rapid GFR decline (>3 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year) in multivariable adjusted linear mixed models and logistic regression (-0.64 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year [95% CI -0.99, -0.29; P < 0.001] and odds ratio 2.7 [95% CI 1.4, 5.2; P < 0.001] per doubling in HDL-C). Effect modifications indicated a stronger association between high HDL-C and GFR loss in physically inactive persons, those with low-grade inflammation, and men. Conclusion Higher HDL-C levels were independently associated with accelerated GFR loss in a general middle-aged nondiabetic population.
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Okafor AM, Ngwu EK, Ayogu RNB. Prevalence and associated factors of dyslipidaemia among university workers in Southeast Nigeria: a cross-sectional study. Arch Public Health 2021; 79:77. [PMID: 33985561 PMCID: PMC8117282 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-021-00600-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The job one does for a living may increase ones propensity to cardiovascular diseases due to many associated risk factors. University staff may be at high risk of dyslipidaemia, a major cardiovascular disease risk factor. This study assessed prevalence of dyslipidaemia and its associated factors among the staff of University of Nigeria, Nsukka campus, Nigeria. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 386 workers selected through a 4-stage sampling technique was conducted. Data were obtained through questionnaire and lipid profile determination. Bivariate analysis using Cochran and Mantel-Haenszel test was used to determine associations between dyslipidaemia and selected variables. Odds ratios and significance at p < 0.05 were reported. RESULTS Respondents who were 46 years and above accounted for 51.3 % while 95.3 % had tertiary education. Administrative/technical staff were 76.4 % while academic staff were only 23.6 %; 73.8 % were senior staff and 26.2 % were junior staff. More than half (60.4 %) consumed alcohol above recommendation. Lipid biomarkers of the workers were not sex dependent (p > 0.05). Few (23.4 and 6.5 %) of the respondents had borderline high and high total cholesterol values, respectively. Whereas none (0.0 %) had low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), borderline low values were observed among 1.3 %. High low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) affected 1.3 %. Triglyceride was high among 3.9 %; 20.8 % had high atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and 2.6 % had impaired fasting blood glucose (IFBG). Dyslipidaemia had a prevalence of 54.5 % with female dominance. Hypercholesterolemia with high LDL-c was the commonest combined dyslipidaemia observed (7.8 %). Dyslipidaemia was dependent on hypercholesterolemia (OR = 0.352, 95 % C.I.=0.245-0.505), high LDL-c (OR = 0.462, 95 % C.I.=0.355-0.600) and hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 0.462, 95 % C.I.=0.355-0.600). Alcohol intake above normal was associated with almost 6 times higher risk of dyslipidaemia (OR = 5.625, 95 % C.I.=1.062-29.799). CONCLUSIONS Dyslipidaemia is a problem among the workers with hypercholesterolemia in combination with high LDL-c and hypertriglyceridemia compounding the problem. Nutrition education and physical activity are advocated to prevent cardiovascular events among the university staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adaobi M Okafor
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth K Ngwu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Rufina N B Ayogu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
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24
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Lee JS, O’Connell EM, Pacher P, Lohoff FW. PCSK9 and the Gut-Liver-Brain Axis: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Immune Regulation in Alcohol Use Disorder. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1758. [PMID: 33919550 PMCID: PMC8074019 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic relapsing disorder characterized by an impaired ability to control or stop alcohol intake and is associated with organ damage including alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and progressive neurodegeneration. The etiology of AUD is complex, but organ injury due to chronic alcohol use can be partially attributed to systemic and local inflammation along the gut-liver-brain axis. Excessive alcohol use can result in translocation of bacterial products into circulation, increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and activation of immune cells, including macrophages and/or microglia in the liver and brain. One potential mediator of this alcohol-induced inflammation is proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). PCSK9 is primarily known for its regulation of plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol but has more recently been shown to influence inflammatory responses in the liver and brain. In rodent and post-mortem brain studies, chronic alcohol use altered methylation of the PCSK9 gene and increased expression of PCSK9 in the liver and cerebral spinal fluid. Additionally, PCSK9 inhibition in a rat model of ALD attenuated liver inflammation and steatosis. PCSK9 may play an important role in alcohol-induced pathologies along the gut-liver-brain axis and may be a novel therapeutic target for AUD-related liver and brain inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Soo Lee
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.S.L.)
| | - Emma M. O’Connell
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.S.L.)
| | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA;
| | - Falk W. Lohoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.S.L.)
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25
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Faulkner ML, Momenan R, Leggio L. A neuroimaging investigation into the role of peripheral metabolic biomarkers in the anticipation of reward in alcohol use. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 221:108638. [PMID: 33667782 PMCID: PMC8527598 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between alcohol use and metabolism has focused on the effects of alcohol use on metabolic factors. Metabolic factors, such as triglycerides, cholesterol, and glucose, have been shown to be associated with increased risk for heavy alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder (AUD). It's been suggested that changes in metabolic factors may play a role in reward seeking behaviors and pathways. Studies on feeding behavior and obesity revealed the role of triglycerides in neural response to food cues in neurocircuitry regulating reward and feeding behaviors. This study aimed to explore the relationship of peripheral metabolism, alcohol use, and reward processing in individuals that use alcohol. METHODS Ninety participants from a previously collected dataset were included in the analysis. Participants were treatment seeking, detoxified individuals with AUD and healthy individuals without AUD, with the following metabolic biomarkers: triglyceride, glucose, high- and low-density cholesterol, and HbA1c levels. Participants completed a neuroimaging version of the Monetary Incentive Delay task (MID). RESULTS Correlations on peripheral metabolic biomarkers, alcohol use, and neural activity during reward anticipation and outcome during the MID task were not significant. Mediation models revealed triglycerides and high-density cholesterol had significant effects on left anterior insula during anticipation of potential monetary loss and this effect was not mediated by alcohol use. CONCLUSION Limbic recruitment by anticipation of monetary rewards revealed an independent relationship with peripheral metabolism and was not affected by individual differences in alcohol use, despite the effects of alcohol use on metabolic markers and reward processing neural circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L. Faulkner
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore and Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
| | - Reza Momenan
- Clinical Neuroimaging Research Core, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA 20814
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore and Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Medication Development Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; Division of Addiction Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA.
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Rosoff DB, Davey Smith G, Mehta N, Clarke TK, Lohoff FW. Evaluating the relationship between alcohol consumption, tobacco use, and cardiovascular disease: A multivariable Mendelian randomization study. PLoS Med 2020; 17:e1003410. [PMID: 33275596 PMCID: PMC7717538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption and smoking, 2 major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), often occur together. The objective of this study is to use a wide range of CVD risk factors and outcomes to evaluate potential total and direct causal roles of alcohol and tobacco use on CVD risk factors and events. METHODS AND FINDINGS Using large publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWASs) (results from more than 1.2 million combined study participants) of predominantly European ancestry, we conducted 2-sample single-variable Mendelian randomization (SVMR) and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) to simultaneously assess the independent impact of alcohol consumption and smoking on a wide range of CVD risk factors and outcomes. Multiple sensitivity analyses, including complementary Mendelian randomization (MR) methods, and secondary alcohol consumption and smoking datasets were used. SVMR showed genetic predisposition for alcohol consumption to be associated with CVD risk factors, including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (beta 0.40, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.04-0.47, P value = 1.72 × 10-28), triglycerides (TRG) (beta -0.23, 95% CI, -0.30, -0.15, P value = 4.69 × 10-10), automated systolic blood pressure (BP) measurement (beta 0.11, 95% CI, 0.03-0.18, P value = 4.72 × 10-3), and automated diastolic BP measurement (beta 0.09, 95% CI, 0.03-0.16, P value = 5.24 × 10-3). Conversely, genetically predicted smoking was associated with increased TRG (beta 0.097, 95% CI, 0.014-0.027, P value = 6.59 × 10-12). Alcohol consumption was also associated with increased myocardial infarction (MI) and coronary heart disease (CHD) risks (MI odds ratio (OR) = 1.24, 95% CI, 1.03-1.50, P value = 0.02; CHD OR = 1.21, 95% CI, 1.01-1.45, P value = 0.04); however, its impact was attenuated in MVMR adjusting for smoking. Conversely, alcohol maintained an association with coronary atherosclerosis (OR 1.02, 95% CI, 1.01-1.03, P value = 5.56 × 10-4). In comparison, after adjusting for alcohol consumption, smoking retained its association with several CVD outcomes including MI (OR = 1.84, 95% CI, 1.43, 2.37, P value = 2.0 × 10-6), CHD (OR = 1.64, 95% CI, 1.28-2.09, P value = 8.07 × 10-5), heart failure (HF) (OR = 1.61, 95% CI, 1.32-1.95, P value = 1.9 × 10-6), and large artery atherosclerosis (OR = 2.4, 95% CI, 1.41-4.07, P value = 0.003). Notably, using the FinnGen cohort data, we were able to replicate the association between smoking and several CVD outcomes including MI (OR = 1.77, 95% CI, 1.10-2.84, P value = 0.02), HF (OR = 1.67, 95% CI, 1.14-2.46, P value = 0.008), and peripheral artery disease (PAD) (OR = 2.35, 95% CI, 1.38-4.01, P value = 0.002). The main limitations of this study include possible bias from unmeasured confounders, inability of summary-level MR to investigate a potentially nonlinear relationship between alcohol consumption and CVD risk, and the generalizability of the UK Biobank (UKB) to other populations. CONCLUSIONS Evaluating the widest range of CVD risk factors and outcomes of any alcohol consumption or smoking MR study to date, we failed to find a cardioprotective impact of genetically predicted alcohol consumption on CVD outcomes. However, alcohol was associated with and increased HDL-C, decreased TRG, and increased BP, which may indicate pathways through impact CVD risk, warranting further study. We found smoking to be a risk factor for many CVDs even after adjusting for alcohol. While future studies incorporating alcohol consumption patterns are necessary, our data suggest causal inference between alcohol, smoking, and CVD risk, further supporting that lifestyle modifications might be able to reduce overall CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B. Rosoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nehal Mehta
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Toni-Kim Clarke
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Falk W. Lohoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Effects of naltrexone on alcohol, sucrose, and saccharin binge-like drinking in C57BL/6J mice: a study with a multiple bottle choice procedure. Behav Pharmacol 2020; 31:256-271. [PMID: 32101989 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol (ethyl alcohol, EtOH) binging has been associated with long-term neural adaptations that lead to the development of addiction. Many of the neurobiological features of EtOH abuse are shared with other forms of binging, like pathological feeding. The drinking-in-the-dark (DID) paradigm has been used extensively to study the neurobiology of EtOH binge-like drinking due to its ability to promote high intakes relevant to human behavior. DID can also generate high consumption of other tastants, but this procedure has not been fully adapted to study forms of binging behavior that are not alcohol-driven. In the present study, we used a modified version of DID that uses multiple bottle availability to promote even higher levels of EtOH drinking in male C57BL/6J mice and allows a thorough investigation of tastant preferences. We assessed whether administration of systemic naltrexone could reduce binging on EtOH, sucrose, and saccharin separately as well as in combination. Our multiple bottle DID procedure resulted in heightened levels of consumption compared with previously reported data using this task. We found that administration of the opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone reduced intakes of preferred, highly concentrated EtOH, sucrose, and saccharin. We also report that naltrexone was able to reduce overall intakes when animals were allowed to self-administer EtOH, sucrose, or saccharin in combination. Our modified DID procedure provides a novel approach to study binging behavior that extends beyond EtOH to other tastants (i.e. sucrose and artificial sweeteners), and has implications for the study of the neuropharmacology of binge drinking.
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Álvarez Ramírez AA, Peláez JL, Bermúdez IM, Gordon Botero JY. Prevalence of hyperlipidemia and its associated factors in university students in Colombia. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05417. [PMID: 33195846 PMCID: PMC7644913 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of hyperlipidemia and its associated factors in the students of the Faculty of Health of Universidad Santiago de Cali in 2017. A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in a sample of 361 students, with an average age of 21 (16-40) years. A sociodemographic survey was conducted, and blood samples and lipid profiles were obtained. The participants were predominantly female (77%), single (92.5%), and young adults (62.3%) and with an average socioeconomic level (55.1%). The overall prevalence of hyperlipidemia was 33.8%, with the following risk values: triglyceride (TG), 12.8%; hypercholesterolemia, 16.1%; high density lipoprotein cholesterol (cHDL), 15.0%; and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (cLDL), 42.2%. Using the theory of the logistic regression models and chi-square likelihood ratio tests, the factors that were significantly associated with the risk of hyperlipidemia were male sex and consumption of alcoholic beverages (P-value < 0.05). In the two-way ANOVA, it was observed that the interaction of these two factors for TG was significant (P-value < 0.05), being higher in men who consume intoxicating beverages (Tukey's test, P value <0.05). Regarding cHDL and cLDL, only sex presented a significant effect on their values (P-value < 0.05), while for total cholesterol, none was significant (P-value > 0.05). The results obtained indicate the importance of early detection of blood lipid levels in young people to prevent the early development of noncommunicable diseases.
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Monyeki KD, Siweya HJ, Kemper HCG, Kengne AP, Musinguzi G, Nkwana MR, Mothiba T, Malatji T, Baloyi SMA, Malema R, Leach L, Matshipi M, Sebati RB, Seloka MA, Sibuyi E, Monyeki SM. The Relationship between Binge Drinking and Metabolic Syndrome Components amongst Young Adults Aged 21 to 31 Years: Ellisras Longitudinal Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E7484. [PMID: 33076216 PMCID: PMC7650754 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence is lacking on the effects of binge alcohol consumption on metabolic syndrome in the rural South African population. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between binge drinking and components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) amongst Ellisras rural young adults aged 21 to 31 years who are part of the Ellisras Longitudinal Study. METHODS Logistic regression analysis was applied to a total of 624 participants (306 males and 318 females) aged 21 to 31 years who took part in the Ellisras Longitudinal Study (ELS). The model was adjusted for covariates, including smoking, age, and gender. Binge alcohol consumption was assessed using a standardised questionnaire that was validated for the Ellisras rural community. A standardised method of determining the components MetS was used after fasting blood samples were collected from all the participants. RESULTS Binge drinking remained significantly associated with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR = 2.64, 95% CI = 1.23-5.65), after being adjusted for smoking, age, and gender. Other MetS components were not predicted. Instead, gender remained significantly associated with all MetS components, except triglycerides, at multivariate analysis. Age retained significance at multivariate analysis with waist girth (OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.37-3.34), triglycerides (OR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.05-5.02), and the MetS composite (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.12-2.41). CONCLUSION Binge drinking was significantly associated with lower levels of HDL-C. Future studies should investigate the relationship between alcohol abuse and the components of incident MetS in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotsedi Daniel Monyeki
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; (M.R.N.); (M.M.); (R.B.S.); (M.A.S.); (E.S.); (S.M.M.)
| | - Hlengani James Siweya
- Executive Dean Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa;
| | - Han C. G. Kemper
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, 1218 HD Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Andre P. Kengne
- South African Medical Research Council, Francie van Zijl Drive, Parow Valley, Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
| | - Geofrey Musinguzi
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala 7072, Uganda;
- Department of Primary and Interdisciplinary Care, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Mbelegem Rosina Nkwana
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; (M.R.N.); (M.M.); (R.B.S.); (M.A.S.); (E.S.); (S.M.M.)
| | - Tebogo Mothiba
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa;
| | - Tumiso Malatji
- Department of Health, Polokwane Provincial Hospital, Polokwane 0700, South Africa;
| | - Shisana M.-A. Baloyi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Posbus 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa;
| | - Rambelani Malema
- Department of Psychology, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0700, South Africa;
| | - Lloyd Leach
- Department of Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa;
| | - Moloko Matshipi
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; (M.R.N.); (M.M.); (R.B.S.); (M.A.S.); (E.S.); (S.M.M.)
| | - Ramakgahlela Betty Sebati
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; (M.R.N.); (M.M.); (R.B.S.); (M.A.S.); (E.S.); (S.M.M.)
| | - Mohlago Ablonia Seloka
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; (M.R.N.); (M.M.); (R.B.S.); (M.A.S.); (E.S.); (S.M.M.)
| | - Eliot Sibuyi
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; (M.R.N.); (M.M.); (R.B.S.); (M.A.S.); (E.S.); (S.M.M.)
| | - Suzan Mafoloa Monyeki
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; (M.R.N.); (M.M.); (R.B.S.); (M.A.S.); (E.S.); (S.M.M.)
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Rosoff DB, Charlet K, Jung J, Lee J, Muench C, Luo A, Longley M, Lohoff FW. Lipid profile dysregulation predicts alcohol withdrawal symptom severity in individuals with alcohol use disorder. Alcohol 2020; 86:93-101. [PMID: 32335269 PMCID: PMC7486690 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2020.02.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is a serious medical condition of high variability in alcohol use disorder (AUD) after drinking cessation. Identification of clinical biomarkers capable of detecting severe AWS is needed. While alcohol consumption and withdrawal are linked with lipid profile dysregulation, the relationship between lipid levels (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], and triglycerides) and AWS is unknown. Therefore, this study investigated whether HDL-C, LDL-C, and triglycerides conferred risk for moderate-to-severe AWS symptoms in treatment-seeking individuals (n = 732) admitted to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) alcohol treatment program. Lipid levels were measured upon admission, and the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol Scale, Revised (CIWA-Ar) assessed AWS severity for generating a three-level AWS typology (none-to-mild, moderate, and severe). Multivariable multinomial logistic regression examined whether lipid levels were associated with risk for moderate-to-severe AWS. We found significant predictive relationships between AWS and HDL-C, LDL-C, and triglycerides. While extremely high HDL-C (≥100 mg/dL) conferred the highest odds for moderate (4.405, 95% CI, 2.572-7.546, p < 0.001) and severe AWS (5.494, 95% CI, 3.541-8.523, p < 0.001), the lowest odds ratios for moderate AWS (0.493, 95% CI, 0.248-0.981, p = 0.044) and severe AWS (0.303, 95% CI, 0.223-0.411, p < 0.001) were associated with high LDL-C (≥160 mg/dL). The present study demonstrates that altered lipid levels, measured upon admission for inpatient AUD treatment, may help to predict which individuals are at risk for medically relevant moderate-to-severe AWS. This suggests that further research into the role of lipid biomarkers in AWS may be beneficial for identifying biologically determined risk profiles in AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Rosoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Katrin Charlet
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jeesun Jung
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jisoo Lee
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Christine Muench
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Audrey Luo
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Martha Longley
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Falk W Lohoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle T Long
- Section of Gastroenterology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy S Naimi
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Larsson SC, Burgess S, Mason AM, Michaëlsson K. Alcohol Consumption and Cardiovascular Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2020; 13:e002814. [PMID: 32367730 PMCID: PMC7299220 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.119.002814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. The causal role of alcohol consumption for cardiovascular disease remains unclear. We used Mendelian randomization (MR) to predict the effect of alcohol consumption on 8 cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna C Larsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (S.C.L., K.M.).,Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.C.L.)
| | - Stephen Burgess
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, and MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.B.)
| | - Amy M Mason
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.M.M.).,National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.M.M.)
| | - Karl Michaëlsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (S.C.L., K.M.)
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Diendéré J, Zeba AN, Nikièma L, Kaboré A, Savadogo PW, Tougma SJB, Tinto H, Ouédraogo A. Smokeless tobacco use: its prevalence and relationships with dental symptoms, nutritional status and blood pressure among rural women in Burkina Faso. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:579. [PMID: 32345279 PMCID: PMC7189451 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08700-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sub-Saharan women use smokeless tobacco (SLT) more than smoked tobacco. Among Western African countries, the estimated weighted prevalence of SLT use in rural women was found to be the highest in Burkina Faso (after Sierra Leone). This study aimed to assess the prevalence of SLT use and its associated factors among rural women in Burkina Faso by using nationally representative data. METHODS We used data from the 2013 STEPwise approach to Surveillance (STEPS) study, which provided sociodemographic, clinical (anthropometric, systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP] and dental symptoms), biological (total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and fasting blood sugar), and tobacco and alcohol consumption data. Data for 1730 rural women were used, and we performed Student's chi-squared and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The prevalence of current SLT use was 13.8% (95% CI: 12.2-15.5). Significant risks for SLT use were the presence of dental symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.59; p < 0.001), undernourishment (aOR = 1.78; p < 0.01), decreased waist circumference (aOR = 0.98; p < 0.05), decreased DBP (aOR = 0.97; p < 0.01), increased SBP (aOR = 1.01; p < 0.05), and increased differential blood pressure (aOR = 1.01; p < 0.05). The co-use of alcohol was also a significant risk factor (aOR = 2.80; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The prevalence of current SLT use was high among rural women in Burkina Faso, and significant concerns for users included alcohol co-use, the occurrence of dental symptoms, undernourishment, and an increase in differential blood pressure. National Public Health interventions are needed to reduce SLT use and its health-related concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeoffray Diendéré
- Public Health Department, Research Institute for Health Sciences, 399, Avenue de la Liberté, 01 BP 545, Bobo-Dioulasso, 01, Burkina Faso. .,Public Health Department, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
| | - Augustin Nawidimbasba Zeba
- Public Health Department, Research Institute for Health Sciences, 399, Avenue de la Liberté, 01 BP 545, Bobo-Dioulasso, 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Léon Nikièma
- Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, BP 5705, Ouagadougou, 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Ahmed Kaboré
- Public Health Department, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, BP 5705, Ouagadougou, 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Paul Windinpsidi Savadogo
- Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research (INERA/CNRST), rue Guisga, 04 BP 8645, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Halidou Tinto
- Public Health Department, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,Clinical Research Unit of Research Institute for Health Sciences Nanoro, 11 BP 218, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Arouna Ouédraogo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital, Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, 01 BP 5705, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Weinland C, Tanovska P, Kornhuber J, Mühle C, Lenz B. Serum lipids, leptin, and soluble leptin receptor in alcohol dependence: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 209:107898. [PMID: 32163828 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcohol dependence affects metabolic processes. Further research is needed to apply this knowledge clinically. In this study, possible differences in serum lipids and/or leptin activities between alcohol-dependent in-patients and healthy controls and possible associations with alcohol-related blood parameters and with prospective outcomes in alcohol dependence were assessed sex-specifically. METHOD We measured and compared (median) serum lipids (triglycerides and total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol) and leptin activities (leptin, soluble leptin receptor [ObRe], and free leptin index) in 200 (males 56.5 %) early-abstinent alcohol-dependent in-patients and 240 (males 55.4 %) healthy controls and assessed alcohol-related readmissions during a 24 -month post-inclusion period. RESULTS Male patients showed higher HDL cholesterol (61 versus 48 mg/dl), lower LDL/HDL ratios (2.06 versus 3.04), and lower free leptin index (0.30 versus 0.59) at study inclusion compared to healthy controls. In patients, ObRe levels were higher than in controls and decreased from inclusion to the second study-visit (at median 5 days later; males: 16.7-13.8 versus 11.0 ng/ml; females: 17.0-13.4 versus 12.1 ng/ml). The free leptin index increased between the two time points in females (0.80 versus 1.20). Lipids and leptin activities correlated with carbohydrate-deficient transferrin levels and liver enzyme activities. None of the serum parameters were significantly associated with alcohol-related readmissions. CONCLUSION Our data support that serum lipid levels and leptin activities are involved in alcohol dependence. The parameters appear as possible indirect biomarkers for alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Weinland
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany.
| | - Petya Tanovska
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Bernd Lenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany; Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
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Jung J, Rosoff DB, Muench C, Luo A, Longley M, Lee J, Charlet K, Lohoff FW. Adverse Childhood Experiences are Associated with High-Intensity Binge Drinking Behavior in Adulthood and Mediated by Psychiatric Disorders. Alcohol Alcohol 2020; 55:204-214. [PMID: 31895420 PMCID: PMC7082493 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agz098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM High-intensity binge drinking (HIBD), defined as two or more times the gender-specific binge threshold, is rapidly increasing in the USA; however, the underlying contributing factors are poorly understood. This study investigated the relationship of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and HIBD. METHODS Two independent, cross-sectional samples were analysed: (a) past 12-month drinkers in the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III; n = 25,552) and (b) the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) clinical sample (n = 1303). Multinomial logistic regressions were utilized to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of ACEs on HIBD. Mediation analysis was performed to examine the relationship between the past 12-month psychiatric disorders, ACEs, and HIBD. RESULTS In the NESARC-III sample, prevalence of ACEs increased across all binge levels with the highest prevalence in extreme HIBD; ACEs were associated with higher odds for HIBD (level II, odds ratio (OR) = 1.2-1.4; P = 0.03-0.001; level III, OR = 1.3-1.9; P < 0.001). Prevalence of DSM-5 diagnoses also increased across all binge levels. Substance use disorders (SUD), mood, personality and post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) conferred the highest odds with extreme HIBD (SUD: OR = 21.32; mood: 1.73; personality: 2.84; PTSD: 1.97; all Ps < 0.001). Mediation analyses showed that the association between ACEs and HIBD was fully mediated through SUD (proportion mediated: 70-90%) and partially through other psychiatric disorders (20-80%). In the NIAAA sample, ACEs were 2-5 times more prevalent in extreme HIBD with higher odds (ORs = 3-8, P < 0.001) compared with non-bingers. CONCLUSION ACEs were associated with significantly increased odds of HIBD and the relationship may be mediated by psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeesun Jung
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive (10CRC/2-2352), Bethesda, MD 20892-1540, USA
| | - Daniel B Rosoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive (10CRC/2-2352), Bethesda, MD 20892-1540, USA
| | - Christine Muench
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive (10CRC/2-2352), Bethesda, MD 20892-1540, USA
| | - Audrey Luo
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive (10CRC/2-2352), Bethesda, MD 20892-1540, USA
| | - Martha Longley
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive (10CRC/2-2352), Bethesda, MD 20892-1540, USA
| | - Jisoo Lee
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive (10CRC/2-2352), Bethesda, MD 20892-1540, USA
| | - Katrin Charlet
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive (10CRC/2-2352), Bethesda, MD 20892-1540, USA
| | - Falk W Lohoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive (10CRC/2-2352), Bethesda, MD 20892-1540, USA
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36
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Rosenthal A, Beck A, Zois E, Vollstädt-Klein S, Walter H, Kiefer F, Lohoff FW, Charlet K. Volumetric Prefrontal Cortex Alterations in Patients With Alcohol Dependence and the Involvement of Self-Control. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:2514-2524. [PMID: 31688973 PMCID: PMC6904522 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Aspects of self-control such as sensation seeking and impaired impulse control have been implicated in alcohol dependence (ALC). Conversely, sensation seeking has been ascribed a possible protective role in stress-related psychopathologies. We therefore examined gray matter (GM) morphology in individuals with ALC, focusing on differences in prefrontal regions that have been associated with self-control. Additionally, we accounted for differences in lifetime alcohol intake regarding self-control measures and cortical structures in ALC patients. Methods: With voxel-based morphometry (VBM) focusing on prefrontal a priori defined regions of interest, we assessed a group of 62 detoxified ALC patients and 62 healthy controls (HC). ALC patients were subsequently divided into high (n = 9) and low consumers (n = 53). Self-control was assessed by use of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale and the Sensation Seeking Scale. Results: Compared to HC, ALC had significantly less GM volume in bilateral middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and right medial prefrontal cortex as well as in the right anterior cingulate. High-consuming ALC showed smaller GM in right orbitofrontal cortex as well as lower sensation seeking scores than low consumers. In low-consuming ALC, right MFG-GM was positively associated with magnitude of sensation seeking; particularly, larger MFG-GM correlated with greater thrill and adventure seeking. Conclusion: Thus, our findings (i) indicate deficient GM volume in prefrontal areas related to self-control and (ii) might accentuate the phenotypic divergence of ALC patients and emphasize the importance of the development of individual treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Rosenthal
- From the, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Beck
- From the, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Evangelos Zois
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Vollstädt-Klein
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics (CGET), National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Henrik Walter
- From the, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Falk W Lohoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics (CGET), National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Katrin Charlet
- From the, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.,Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics (CGET), National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), Bethesda, Maryland
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