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Hu Y, Zhang Y, Shi F, Yang R, Yan J, Han T, Guan L. Reversal of T-cell exhaustion: Mechanisms and synergistic approaches. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112571. [PMID: 38941674 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
T cells suffer from long-term antigen stimulation and insufficient energy supply, leading to a decline in their effector functions, memory capabilities, and proliferative capacity, ultimately resulting in T cell exhaustion and an inability to perform normal immune functions in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, exploring how to restore these exhausted T cells to a state with effector functions is of great significance. Exhausted T cells exhibit a spectrum of molecular alterations, such as heightened expression of inhibitory receptors, shifts in transcription factor profiles, and modifications across epigenetic, metabolic, and transcriptional landscapes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of various strategies to reverse T cell exhaustion, including immune checkpoint blockade, and explores the potential synergistic effects of combining multiple approaches to reverse T cell exhaustion. It offers new insights and methods for achieving more durable and effective reversal of T cell exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- Institutes of Health Central Plains, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Fenfen Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ruihan Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jiayu Yan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tao Han
- Institutes of Health Central Plains, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Liping Guan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
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Fattahi AS, Jafari M, Farahavar G, Abolmaali SS, Tamaddon AM. Expanding horizons in cancer therapy by immunoconjugates targeting tumor microenvironments. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 201:104437. [PMID: 38977144 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunoconjugates are promising molecules combining antibodies with different agents, such as toxins, drugs, radionuclides, or cytokines that primarily aim to target tumor cells. However, tumor microenvironment (TME), which comprises a complex network of various cells and molecular cues guiding tumor growth and progression, remains a major challenge for effective cancer therapy. Our review underscores the pivotal role of TME in cancer therapy with immunoconjugates, examining the intricate interactions with TME and recent advancements in TME-targeted immunoconjugates. We explore strategies for targeting TME components, utilizing diverse antibodies such as neutralizing, immunomodulatory, immune checkpoint inhibitors, immunostimulatory, and bispecific antibodies. Additionally, we discuss different immunoconjugates, elucidating their mechanisms of action, advantages, limitations, and applications in cancer immunotherapy. Furthermore, we highlight emerging technologies enhancing the safety and efficacy of immunoconjugates, such as antibody engineering, combination therapies, and nanotechnology. Finally, we summarize current advancements, perspectives, and future developments of TME-targeted immunoconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Saamaan Fattahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mahboobeh Jafari
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
| | - Ghazal Farahavar
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
| | - Samira Sadat Abolmaali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
| | - Ali Mohammad Tamaddon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
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Chong X, Madeti Y, Cai J, Li W, Cong L, Lu J, Mo L, Liu H, He S, Yu C, Zhou Z, Wang B, Cao Y, Wang Z, Shen L, Wang Y, Zhang X. Recent developments in immunotherapy for gastrointestinal tract cancers. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:65. [PMID: 39123202 PMCID: PMC11316403 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01578-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed the rise of immunotherapy for Gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancers. The role of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), particularly programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) and PD ligand-1 antibodies, has become increasingly pivotal in the treatment of advanced and perioperative GI tract cancers. Currently, anti-PD-1 plus chemotherapy is considered as first-line regimen for unselected advanced gastric/gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (G/GEJC), mismatch repair deficient (dMMR)/microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal cancer (CRC), and advanced esophageal cancer (EC). In addition, the encouraging performance of claudin18.2-redirected chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy in later-line GI tract cancers brings new hope for cell therapy in solid tumour treatment. Nevertheless, immunotherapy for GI tumour remains yet precise, and researchers are dedicated to further maximising and optimising the efficacy. This review summarises the important research, latest progress, and future directions of immunotherapy for GI tract cancers including EC, G/GEJC, and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Chong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yelizhati Madeti
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jieyuan Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Wenfei Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Lin Cong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jialin Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Liyang Mo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Huizhen Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Siyi He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhiruo Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Boya Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yanshuo Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhenghang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yakun Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
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Salani R, McCormack M, Kim YM, Ghamande S, Hall SL, Lorusso D, Barraclough L, Gilbert L, Guzman Ramirez A, Lu CH, Sabatier R, Colombo N, Hu Y, Krishnan V, Molinero L, Feng Y, Kim N, Castro M, Lin YG, Monk BJ. A non-comparative, randomized, phase II trial of atezolizumab or atezolizumab plus tiragolumab for programmed death-ligand 1-positive recurrent cervical cancer (SKYSCRAPER-04). Int J Gynecol Cancer 2024; 34:1140-1148. [PMID: 38858106 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2024-005588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate tiragolumab (anti-TIGIT) and atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1) as second- or third-line therapy for PD-L1-positive persistent/recurrent cervical cancer. METHODS In the open-label, non-comparative, randomized phase II SKYSCRAPER-04 trial (NCT04300647), patients with PD-L1-positive (SP263 tumor area positivity ≥5%) recurrent/persistent cervical cancer after 1-2 chemotherapy lines (≥1 platinum-based) were randomized 3:1 to atezolizumab 1200 mg with/without tiragolumab 600 mg every 3 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Stratification factors were performance status, prior (chemo)radiotherapy, and disease status. The primary endpoint was independent review committee-assessed confirmed objective response rate per RECIST v1.1 in patients receiving tiragolumab plus atezolizumab. An objective response rate ≥21% (one-sample z-test p≤0.0245) was required for statistical significance versus a historical reference. RESULTS Protocol-defined independent review committee-assessed objective response rates were 19.0% (95% CI 12.6 to 27.0) in 126 patients receiving tiragolumab plus atezolizumab (p=0.0787 vs historical reference) and 15.6% (95% CI 6.5 to 29.5) in 45 atezolizumab-treated patients. Response rates were higher in PD-L1high (tumor area positivity ≥10%) than PD-L1low (tumor area positivity 5%-9%) subgroups with both regimens. At 8.5 months' median follow-up, independent review committee-assessed progression-free survival was 2.8 months (95% CI 1.7 to 4.1) with tiragolumab plus atezolizumab and 1.9 months (95% CI 1.5 to 3.0) with atezolizumab. In post hoc analyses (10.4 months' median follow-up), median overall survival was 11.1 months (95% CI 9.6 to 14.5) with the combination and 10.6 months (95% CI 6.9 to 13.8) with atezolizumab (crossover permitted). In the combination group, 3% of patients had adverse events requiring treatment discontinuation and 8% had grade ≥3 adverse events of special interest; corresponding values in the single-agent arm were 4% and 11%. There were no treatment-related deaths or new safety findings. CONCLUSION The objective response rate with the tiragolumab-plus-atezolizumab combination was numerically higher than the historical reference but did not reach statistical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Salani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mary McCormack
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Yong-Man Kim
- Gynecologic Cancer Center, Asan Cancer Institute, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Sharad Ghamande
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shaundra L Hall
- National Cervical Cancer Coalition, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Domenica Lorusso
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS and Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Lisa Barraclough
- Clinical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Lucy Gilbert
- The Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Chien-Hsing Lu
- Department of OB/GYN, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Renaud Sabatier
- Department of Medical Oncology, Aix-Marseille University, CRCM, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Nicoletta Colombo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Gynecologic Oncology Program, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Youyou Hu
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Yuning Feng
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nicole Kim
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Yvonne G Lin
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bradley J Monk
- Department of Oncology, HonorHealth University of Arizona College of Medicine and Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Tran DH, Shanley R, Giubellino A, Tang PH, Koozekanani DD, Yuan J, Dusenbery K, Domingo-Musibay E. Radiation and systemic immunotherapy for metastatic uveal melanoma: a clinical retrospective review. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1406872. [PMID: 39026970 PMCID: PMC11254688 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1406872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Metastatic uveal melanoma (mUM) is a difficult to treat disease. The liver is the primary site of metastasis in most patients, though uveal melanoma spreads widely in advanced disease. The only FDA approved immunotherapy medication for metastatic uveal melanoma is the HLA-A02:01 restricted bispecific T cell engager drug, Tebentafusp. Checkpoint inhibitor strategies and combination approaches have been tried with some limited success. We describe our experience treating patients at the University of Minnesota. Methods Patients were included if they had biopsy-confirmed mUM. Twenty-five (25) patients meeting the criteria were identified. Medical records were reviewed and data extracted for patient baseline characteristics and response to treatments. Results Median time to metastasis from the time of local therapy to the eye was 14.2 months (IQR; 9.3-22.0), and first site of metastasis was liver in 92% of patients. Two patients (8%) did not receive systemic therapy or radiation therapy for metastatic disease. Twenty-three (92%) patients received systemic therapy, 13 patients (52%) received ipilimumab-nivolumab as the first-line, while 4 patients (16%) received pembrolizumab. Landmark survival analysis by receipt of systemic therapy and radiation therapy treatments within 6 months of biopsy confirmed diagnosis is shown. Twenty patients (80%) received systemic therapy within 6 months of mUM diagnosis. Thirteen patients (52%) received liver directed radiation therapy within 6 months of mUM diagnosis. Discussion Within our cohort, there was no overall survival benefit for patients receiving treatment of metastatic disease within 6 months of mUM diagnosis, versus those electing later or no treatment at all. There was remarkable clinical activity of ipilimumab and nivolumab in a subset of patients with mUM, in agreement with prior studies, and metastatic PD-L1 positive tumors were associated with a prolonged survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle H. Tran
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ryan Shanley
- Biostatistics Core, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Alessio Giubellino
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Peter H. Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Dara D. Koozekanani
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Jianling Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Kathryn Dusenbery
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Evidio Domingo-Musibay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Allina Health Cancer Institute, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Shemesh CS, Wang Y, An A, Ding H, Chan P, Liu Q, Chen YW, Wu B, Wu Q, Wang X. Phase I pharmacokinetic, safety, and preliminary efficacy study of tiragolumab in combination with atezolizumab in Chinese patients with advanced solid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2024; 94:45-55. [PMID: 38451273 PMCID: PMC11258083 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-024-04650-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tiragolumab is an immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody targeting the immune checkpoint T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor ITIM domains. Targeting multiple immune pathways may improve anti-tumor responses. The phase I YP42514 study assessed the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and preliminary efficacy of tiragolumab plus atezolizumab in Chinese patients with advanced solid tumors. METHODS Adult patients from mainland China with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score 0/1, life expectancy of ≥ 12 weeks, and adequate hematologic/end organ function were eligible. Patients received tiragolumab 600 mg and atezolizumab 1200 mg intravenous every 3 weeks. Key endpoints were PK (serum concentrations of tiragolumab and atezolizumab) and safety. Results from this study were compared with the global phase I study, GO30103 (NCT02794571). RESULTS In this study, 20 patients received a median of five doses of tiragolumab plus atezolizumab. Median age was 57.5 years, 85.0% of patients were male and the most common tumor type was non-small cell lung cancer. Exposures in Chinese patients were comparable to the global GO30103 population: geometric mean ratio was 1.07 for Cycle 1 tiragolumab area under the concentration-time curve0-21 and 0.92 and 0.93 for Cycle 1 peak and trough atezolizumab exposure, respectively. Treatment-related adverse events were consistent across the Chinese and global populations. Two patients (10.0%) in this study achieved a partial response. CONCLUSION In this study, tiragolumab plus atezolizumab was tolerable and demonstrated preliminary anti-tumor activity. There were no meaningful differences in the PK or safety of tiragolumab plus atezolizumab between the Chinese and global populations. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER China Clinical Trial Registry Identifier CTR20210219/YP42514. Date of registration 16 March 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colby S Shemesh
- Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Andrew An
- Safety Science, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Phyllis Chan
- Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yih-Wen Chen
- Bioanalytical Science, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Wu
- Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Qiong Wu
- Product Development Oncology, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Yamamoto N, Koyama T, Sato J, Yoshida T, Sudo K, Iwasa S, Kondo S, Yonemori K, Kawasaki A, Satake K, Shibata S, Shimizu T. Phase I study of the anti-TIGIT antibody tiragolumab in combination with atezolizumab in Japanese patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2024; 94:109-115. [PMID: 38206370 PMCID: PMC11258096 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-023-04627-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tiragolumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds to the inhibitory immune checkpoint TIGIT (T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains). In early phase clinical trials, tiragolumab in combination with the programmed death-ligand 1-inhibitor atezolizumab was well tolerated and has demonstrated preliminary anti-tumor activity in patients with advanced/metastatic solid tumors. We report the results of a phase I study of tiragolumab plus atezolizumab in Japanese patients (jRCT2080224926). METHODS Japanese patients ≥ 20 years old received tiragolumab (600 mg) and atezolizumab (1200 mg) intravenously every 21 days until unacceptable toxicity or disease progression. Primary endpoints were safety and pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of tiragolumab plus atezolizumab. Secondary endpoints were anti-tumor activity. RESULTS Three patients were enrolled with diagnoses of non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, and cholangiocarcinoma. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed. Two patients experienced treatment-related adverse events (AEs) of any grade. There were no grade ≥ 3 AEs, serious AEs, AEs leading to discontinuation, modification or withdrawal of any study drug, or AEs leading to death. At cycle 1, mean PK parameters of tiragolumab were as follows: Cmax 217 μg/mL; Cmin 54.9 μg/mL; area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to the last measurable concentration, 2000 μg·day/mL; t1/2, 17.6 days. Best overall response was stable disease in two patients. CONCLUSION Tiragolumab plus atezolizumab was well tolerated in Japanese patients with advanced/metastatic solid tumors, and no differences in tiragolumab PK characteristics were noted between Japanese patients enrolled in this study, and non-Japanese patients enrolled in a global phase Ia/Ib study. These results may support the inclusion of Japanese patients in ongoing global phase III clinical trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER jRCT2080224926.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Yamamoto
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Takafumi Koyama
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Jun Sato
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yoshida
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sudo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Satoru Iwasa
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kondo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kan Yonemori
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Atsuko Kawasaki
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 1-1 Nihonbashi-Muromachi 2-Chome Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 103-8324, Japan
| | - Kyoko Satake
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 1-1 Nihonbashi-Muromachi 2-Chome Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 103-8324, Japan
| | - Shoyo Shibata
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 1-1 Nihonbashi-Muromachi 2-Chome Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 103-8324, Japan
| | - Toshio Shimizu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
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Velimirovici MD, Feier CVI, Vonica RC, Faur AM, Muntean C. Efficacy and Safety of Atezolizumab as a PD-L1 Inhibitor in the Treatment of Cervical Cancer: A Systematic Review. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1291. [PMID: 38927498 PMCID: PMC11200956 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The efficacy and safety of PD-L1 inhibitors in the treatment of cervical cancer is an ongoing research question. This review aims to establish a clear profile of atezolizumab, examining its impact on survival outcomes, response rates, and safety measured by serious adverse events (SAEs). MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, focusing on articles published up to February 2024. The review followed the PRISMA guidelines and synthesized outcomes from four randomized trial studies involving atezolizumab administered at 1200 mg IV every three weeks, alone or in combination with chemoradiotherapy. RESULTS A total of 284 patients received atezolizumab, the majority being advanced stage cervical cancer (IVA-IVB). Median follow-up times ranged from 9 weeks to 32.9 months. It was found that combining atezolizumab with standard therapies extended median progression-free survival (PFS) from 10.4 to 13.7 months and overall survival (OS) from 22.8 to 32.1 months, according to the phase III trial. Monotherapy and initial treatment settings with atezolizumab also showed promising efficacy, with disease-free survival rates at 24 months reaching 79% compared to 52% with standard therapy alone. However, the treatment was associated with high rates of SAEs, reaching up to 79% in more intensive treatment combinations. CONCLUSIONS Atezolizumab demonstrates significant potential in improving PFS and OS in patients with cervical cancer, supporting its inclusion as a first-line treatment option. Despite the efficacy benefits, the high incidence of SAEs necessitates careful patient selection and management strategies to mitigate risks. This systematic review supports the continued evaluation of atezolizumab in broader clinical trials to refine its therapeutic profile and safety measures in the context of cervical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Daniel Velimirovici
- Doctoral School, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 E. Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Catalin Vladut Ionut Feier
- First Discipline of Surgery, Department X-Surgery, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 E. Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- First Surgery Clinic, “Pius Brinzeu” Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Razvan Constantin Vonica
- Preclinical Department, Discipline of Physiology, Faculty of General Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Alaviana Monique Faur
- Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 E. Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Calin Muntean
- Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Department III-Functional Sciences, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 E. Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
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9
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Ke J, Huang S, He Z, Lei S, Lin S, Duan M. TIGIT Regulates T Cell Inflammation in Airway Inflammatory Diseases. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02045-y. [PMID: 38780694 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02045-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
TIGIT, a co-inhibitory receptor found on T cells and NK cells, transmits inhibitory signals upon binding to its ligand. This interaction suppresses the activation of various signaling pathways, leading to functional exhaustion of cells, ultimately dampening excessive inflammatory responses or facilitating immune evasion in tumors. Dysregulated TIGIT expression has been noted in T cells across different inflammatory conditions, exhibiting varying effects based on T cell subsets. TIGIT predominantly restrains the effector function of pro-inflammatory T cells, upholds the suppressive function of regulatory T cells, and influences Tfh maturation. Mechanistically, the IL27-induced transcription factors c-Maf and Blimp-1 are believed to be key regulators of TIGIT expression in T cells. Notably, TIGIT expression in T cells is implicated in lung diseases, particularly airway inflammatory conditions such as lung cancer, obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial lung disease, sarcoidosis, and COVID-19. This review emphasizes the significance of TIGIT in the context of T cell immunity and airway inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Ke
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shu Huang
- Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | | | - Siyu Lei
- Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shiya Lin
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Minchao Duan
- Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.26 Yongning Road, Wuming District, Nanning, 530100, China.
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10
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Pan Y, Zhu Q, Hong T, Cheng J, Tang X. Targeting PRKDC activates the efficacy of antitumor immunity while sensitizing to chemotherapy and targeted therapy in liver hepatocellular carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:9047-9071. [PMID: 38787389 PMCID: PMC11164487 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) ranks among the malignancies with the highest mortality rates, primarily due to chemoresistance culminating in treatment failure. Despite its impact, predictive models addressing disease progression, tumor microenvironment, and drug sensitivity remain elusive for LIHC patients. Recognizing the significant influence of various programmed cell death (PCD) modes on tumor evolution, this study investigates PCD genes to elucidate their implications on the prognosis and immune landscape of LIHC. METHODS To develop the classification and model, we employed a total of 17 genes associated with PCD patterns. To collect data, we acquired gene expression profiles, somatic mutation information, copy number variation data, and corresponding clinical data from the TCGA database, specifically from LIHC patients. Moreover, we obtained spatial transcriptome data and additional bulk datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to conduct further analysis. Various experiments were conducted to validate the role of the PCD gene PRKDC in proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT, cell cycle, therapeutic sensitivity, and antitumor immunity. RESULTS A novel LIHC classification based on these genes divided patients into two clusters, C1 and C2. The C2 cluster exhibited characteristics indicative of poor prognosis and an immune-activated microenvironment. This group showed greater response potential to immune checkpoint inhibitors, displaying higher levels of certain immune signatures and receptors. A programmed cell death index (PCDI) was constructed using 17 selected PCD genes. This index could effectively predict patient prognosis, with higher PCDI indicating poorer survival rates and a more pro-tumor microenvironment. Immune landscapes revealed varying interactions with PCDI, suggesting therapeutic targets and insights into treatment resistance. Moreover, experiments results suggested that PRKDC can augment the invasive nature and growth of malignant cells and it can serve as a potential target for therapy, offering hope for ameliorating the prognosis of LIHC patients. CONCLUSIONS The study uncovers the insights of programmed cell death in the prognosis and potential therapeutic interventions. And we found that PRKDC can serve as a target for enhancing the efficacy of antitumor immunity while sensitizing chemotherapy and targeted therapy in liver hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Pan
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qiyao Zhu
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Hong
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xinhui Tang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
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11
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Garralda E, Oh DY, Italiano A, Bedard PL, Delord JP, Calvo E, LoRusso P, Wainberg Z, Cervantes A, Rodriguez-Vida A, Shemesh CS, Sane R, Mendus D, Ding H, Hendricks R, Meng R, Cho BC, Kim TW, Wu B. Pharmacokinetics (PK) of Tiragolumab in First-in-Human Study in Patients with Mixed Solid Tumors (GO30103). J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 64:544-554. [PMID: 38105505 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Tiragolumab is a first-in-class, fully human IgG1/kappa anti-TIGIT monoclonal antibody that blocks the binding of TIGIT to CD155 (the poliovirus receptor). We summarize the pharmacokinetics (PK) data from the phase 1a/1b GO30103 study of Q3W (every 3 weeks) sequential dosing of tiragolumab (2, 8, 30, 100, 400, 600, or 1200 mg) followed by atezolizumab (1200 mg), Q4W (every 4 weeks) sequential dosing (tiragolumab 840 mg followed by atezolizumab 1680 mg), and Q4W co-infusion (tiragolumab 840 mg plus atezolizumab 1680 mg). Serum samples were collected at multiple time points following tiragolumab and atezolizumab intravenous infusion in patients with solid tumors for PK and immunogenicity assessment. The serum PK profile of tiragolumab appeared to be biphasic, with a rapid distribution phase followed by a slower elimination phase when administered alone or in combination with atezolizumab. In phase 1a, across doses of tiragolumab ranging from 2 to 1200 mg (cycle 1), the geometric mean (GM), coefficient of variation (CV%), serum tiragolumab Cmax ranged from 0.682 to 270 µg/mL (18.6% to 36.5%) and Cmin ranged from 0.0125 to 75.3 µg/mL (0.0% to 24.2%). The GM systemic exposure (area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve, AUC0-21) ranged from 310 to 2670 µg day/mL (20.5% to 27.0%); interindividual variability in AUC0-21 ranged from 20.5% to 43.9%. Tiragolumab exposure increased in an approximately dose-proportional manner when administered alone or with atezolizumab at doses ≥100 mg. Postbaseline, 4/207 patients (1.9%) were positive for treatment-emergent antidrug antibodies (ADA) against tiragolumab, each at a single time point. Tiragolumab combined with atezolizumab demonstrated desirable PK properties, with no drug-drug interactions or immunogenicity liability. There were no meaningful differences in tiragolumab or atezolizumab exposure between the Q4W co-infusion and sequential dosing cohorts. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02794571 (date of registration June 6, 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Garralda
- Early Drug Development Unit, Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Do Youn Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Antoine Italiano
- Early Phase Trials Unit, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe L Bedard
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Delord
- Medical Oncology Department, IUCT Oncopole, Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France
| | - Emiliano Calvo
- Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal, START Madrid - Clara Campal Comprehensive Cancer Center (CIOCC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Zev Wainberg
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andres Cervantes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Colby S Shemesh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rucha Sane
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Diana Mendus
- Product Development Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hao Ding
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert Hendricks
- Department of BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ray Meng
- Product Development Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Byoung Chul Cho
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Won Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Benjamin Wu
- Early Drug Development Unit, Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Du Q, An Q, Zhang J, Liu C, Hu Q. Unravelling immune microenvironment features underlying tumor progression in the single-cell era. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:143. [PMID: 38649887 PMCID: PMC11036673 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03335-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The relationship between the immune cell and tumor occurrence and progression remains unclear. Profiling alterations in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) at high resolution is crucial to identify factors influencing cancer progression and enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy. However, traditional sequencing methods, including bulk RNA sequencing, exhibit varying degrees of masking the cellular heterogeneity and immunophenotypic changes observed in early and late-stage tumors. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has provided significant and precise TIME landscapes. Consequently, this review has highlighted TIME cellular and molecular changes in tumorigenesis and progression elucidated through recent scRNA-seq studies. Specifically, we have summarized the cellular heterogeneity of TIME at different stages, including early, late, and metastatic stages. Moreover, we have outlined the related variations that may promote tumor occurrence and metastasis in the single-cell era. The widespread applications of scRNA-seq in TIME will comprehensively redefine the understanding of tumor biology and furnish more effective immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilian Du
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Qi An
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jiajun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Qinyong Hu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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13
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Kwok RS, Nijem I, Brady A, Hendricks R. Implementation of a Three-Way Comparability Assessment for a Bioanalytical Anti-Drug Antibody Method. AAPS J 2024; 26:51. [PMID: 38637446 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-024-00917-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunogenicity evaluation is a critical part of drug development. Regulatory guidelines from multiple health agencies provide recommendations for the development and validation of anti-drug antibody (ADA) assays to assess immunogenicity in clinical trials. These recommendations primarily describe an ADA method run in one bioanalytical laboratory supporting a biotherapeutic molecule; however, there are increasing instances that may necessitate the support of the ADA method being run in more than one laboratory. A program can rapidly expand into multiple clinical studies within one or multiple countries, where the most appropriate way to support the program is by having multiple laboratories perform ADA sample analysis. In addition, there may be certain country-specific challenges that may make it infeasible to transport samples outside of the country for analysis. China for example has a lengthy sample exportation process that has potential to negatively impact study timelines. If multiple laboratories analyze samples using the same ADA method, comparable method performance should be established. Here, we describe a three-way assessment of ADA assay comparability between two US-based bioanalytical laboratories and one based in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna S Kwok
- Department of BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080-4990, USA
| | - Ihsan Nijem
- Department of BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080-4990, USA
| | - Ann Brady
- Department of BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080-4990, USA
| | - Robert Hendricks
- Department of BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080-4990, USA.
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14
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Laguna JC, Mezquita L. Rethinking strategies in SCLC: Lessons learned from tiragolumab in the SKYSCRAPER-02 study. MED 2024; 5:281-284. [PMID: 38614072 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
The addition of tiragolumab, an anti-TIGIT inhibitor, to chemotherapy plus atezolizumab demonstrated promising early results for lung cancer. Unfortunately, the phase 3 study SKYSCRAPER-02 did not confirm the anticipated benefit of tiragolumab combination in recalcitrant small-cell lung cancer,1 reiterating the need for a more accurate population selection in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Laguna
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Laboratory of Translational Genomics and Targeted therapies in Solid Tumors, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Mezquita
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Laboratory of Translational Genomics and Targeted therapies in Solid Tumors, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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15
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Jiang S, Wang W, Yang Y. TIGIT: A potential immunotherapy target for gynecological cancers. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155202. [PMID: 38367600 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Gynecological cancer represents a significant global health challenge, and conventional treatment modalities have demonstrated limited efficacy. However, recent investigations into immune checkpoint pathways have unveiled promising opportunities for enhancing the prognosis of patients with cancer. Among these pathways, TIGIT has surfaced as a compelling candidate owing to its capacity to augment the immune function of NK and T cells through blockade, thereby yielding improved anti-tumor effects and prolonged patient survival. Global clinical trials exploring TIGIT blockade therapy have yielded promising preliminary findings. Nevertheless, further research is imperative to comprehensively grasp the potential of TIGIT-based immunotherapy in optimizing therapeutic outcomes for gynecological cancers. This review primarily delineates the regulatory network and immunosuppressive mechanism of TIGIT, expounds upon its expression and therapeutic potential in three major gynecological cancers, and synthesizes the clinical trials of TIGIT-based cancer immunotherapy. Such insights aim to furnish novel perspectives and serve as reference points for subsequent research and clinical application targeting TIGIT in gynecological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyue Jiang
- The third People's Hospital of Suining, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenhua Wang
- First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yongxiu Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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16
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Nguyen CB, Oh E, Bahar P, Vaishampayan UN, Else T, Alva AS. Novel Approaches with HIF-2α Targeted Therapies in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:601. [PMID: 38339352 PMCID: PMC10854987 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Germline inactivation of the Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor is the defining hallmark in hereditary VHL disease and VHL-associated renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, somatic VHL mutations are also observed in patients with sporadic RCC. Loss of function VHL mutations result in constitutive activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-2 alpha (HIF-2α), which leads to increased expression of HIF target genes that promote angiogenesis and tumor growth. As of 2023, belzutifan is currently the only approved HIF-2α inhibitor for both VHL-associated and sporadic metastatic RCC (mRCC). However, there is potential for resistance with HIF-2α inhibitors which warrants novel HIF-2α-targeting strategies. In this review, we discuss the potential resistance mechanisms with belzutifan and current clinical trials evaluating novel combinations of belzutifan with other targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors which may enhance the efficacy of HIF-2α targeting. Lastly, we also discuss newer generation HIF-2α inhibitors that are currently under early investigation and outline future directions and challenges with HIF-2α inhibitors for mRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles B. Nguyen
- Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (U.N.V.); (T.E.); (A.S.A.)
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Eugene Oh
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (E.O.); (P.B.)
| | - Piroz Bahar
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (E.O.); (P.B.)
| | - Ulka N. Vaishampayan
- Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (U.N.V.); (T.E.); (A.S.A.)
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tobias Else
- Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (U.N.V.); (T.E.); (A.S.A.)
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ajjai S. Alva
- Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (U.N.V.); (T.E.); (A.S.A.)
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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17
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Crimini E, Boscolo Bielo L, Berton Giachetti PPM, Pellizzari G, Antonarelli G, Taurelli Salimbeni B, Repetto M, Belli C, Curigliano G. Beyond PD(L)-1 Blockade in Microsatellite-Instable Cancers: Current Landscape of Immune Co-Inhibitory Receptor Targeting. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:281. [PMID: 38254772 PMCID: PMC10813411 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
High microsatellite instability (MSI-H) derives from genomic hypermutability due to deficient mismatch repair function. Colorectal (CRC) and endometrial cancers (EC) are the tumor types that more often present MSI-H. Anti-PD(L)-1 antibodies have been demonstrated to be agnostically effective in patients with MSI-H cancer, but 50-60% of them do not respond to single-agent treatment, highlighting the necessity of expanding their treatment opportunities. Ipilimumab (anti-CTLA4) is the only immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) non-targeting PD(L)-1 that has been approved so far by the FDA for MSI-H cancer, namely, CRC in combination with nivolumab. Anti-TIM3 antibody LY3321367 showed interesting clinical activity in combination with anti-PDL-1 antibody in patients with MSI-H cancer not previously treated with anti-PD(L)-1. In contrast, no clinical evidence is available for anti-LAG3, anti-TIGIT, anti-BTLA, anti-ICOS and anti-IDO1 antibodies in MSI-H cancers, but clinical trials are ongoing. Other immunotherapeutic strategies under study for MSI-H cancers include vaccines, systemic immunomodulators, STING agonists, PKM2 activators, T-cell immunotherapy, LAIR-1 immunosuppression reversal, IL5 superagonists, oncolytic viruses and IL12 partial agonists. In conclusion, several combination therapies of ICIs and novel strategies are emerging and may revolutionize the treatment paradigm of MSI-H patients in the future. A huge effort will be necessary to find reliable immune biomarkers to personalize therapeutical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Crimini
- Division of Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy (G.P.); (G.A.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Boscolo Bielo
- Division of Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy (G.P.); (G.A.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Maria Berton Giachetti
- Division of Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy (G.P.); (G.A.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Gloria Pellizzari
- Division of Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy (G.P.); (G.A.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Antonarelli
- Division of Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy (G.P.); (G.A.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Taurelli Salimbeni
- Division of Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy (G.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Matteo Repetto
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Carmen Belli
- Division of Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy (G.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy (G.P.); (G.A.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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