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Doddi S, Khalafi M, Shimoura E, Shanbhogue KP, Tirumani SH. Female and underrepresented minority representation in radiology. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2024; 53:570-575. [PMID: 38705772 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
RATIONAL AND OBJECTIVE Diversity, equity, inclusion, and representation in various sectors have garnered increasing attention in the past two decades, including healthcare. In this report we investigate representation of females and underrepresented minorities (URM) in the field of radiology and asses for significant growth trends in representation in residency training programs in the United States. MATERIALS AND METHODS De-identified trainee demographic information for active radiology trainees from 2016 to 2021 was queried using the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), and new radiology trainees using the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP)'s Main Residency Match Data and Reports databooks. RESULTS In 2021 females represented 26.7% of DR residency trainees and 22% of IR integrated trainees. In the same year URM trainees represented 11.3% of trainees and 8.7% of IR integrated trainees. From 2017 to 2021, diagnostic radiology had a compound average growth rate (CAGR) 1% (p <0.01) of female representation and 1.12% (p<0.01) of URM representation. CONCLUSION This study quantifies female and underrepresented minority representation among radiology trainees for diagnostic radiology and radiology subspecialities, identifying modest uptrends in representation within both demographics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sishir Doddi
- University of Toledo College of Medicine, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Mona Khalafi
- University of Toledo College of Medicine, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Elizabeth Shimoura
- University of Toledo College of Medicine, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | | | - Sree Harsha Tirumani
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Chawla S, Faheem S, Moreton ML, Sekhon A, Amornteerasawas OM, Ding J, Khosa F. Analysis of Additional Degrees in Academic Plastic Surgery Faculty. Plast Surg (Oakv) 2024; 32:508-514. [PMID: 39104923 PMCID: PMC11298144 DOI: 10.1177/22925503221144039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: As plastic surgery continues to evolve, an increasing number of surgeons are attaining additional degrees (ADs). Prior studies illustrate this trend of increased AD attainment among plastic surgery faculty within the United States. Yet, no such study has documented AD attainment variability and influence within Canadian plastic surgery faculty. Objectives: Our objective was to investigate the relationship between AD attainment and gender, alongside research productivity, and academic rank of Canadian plastic surgery faculty members. Methods: All Canadian academic plastic surgery faculty members were identified and information regarding gender, academic rank, research productivity, timing of AD attainment was recorded. AD was defined as any degree beyond a medical degree or equivalent. Results: A total of 299 faculty members were identified. Of these, 33% (N = 99) attained an AD. A higher percentage of females (40%) obtained ADs compared to males (30%) (P = .0402). When controlling for number of years in practice, there was a significantly larger proportion of females than males with ADs as assistant and associate professor (P = .033). Faculty with ADs were associated with higher research productivity and higher academic rank than those with MDs (P < .05). ADs were commonly obtained post-residency (38%) and most common ADs were MSc (51%) and PhDs (21%). It was found that the Canadian plastic surgeons were less likely to pursue MBAs than US plastic surgeons (P = .002). Conclusion: One-third of Canadian academic plastic surgeons had ADs. Those with ADs present with higher research productivity and academic rank. When segmented by gender, there were significant differences among AD holders. The results of this study will lend support to ongoing endeavors voicing the need for gender equity in academic plastic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Chawla
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sarim Faheem
- Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Michael L. Moreton
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amardeep Sekhon
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Jeffrey Ding
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Faisal Khosa
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Abdallah Z, Sodhi E, Davidson J, Lawlor CM, Wilson CA, Strychowsky JE, Graham ME. Exploring Diversity in North American Academic Pediatric Otolaryngology. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024. [PMID: 39033352 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Representation of women and minority groups is traditionally low in Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery (OHNS). This cross-sectional study aims to assess the difference in gender and racial/ethnic representation within Academic North American pediatric OHNS. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study of North American pediatric OHNS faculty websites. SETTING North America. METHODS Canadian and American residency program registries were searched for accredited OHNS programs. Pediatric OHNS faculty were identified through program websites. Information regarding gender, race/ethnicity, time in practice, research productivity, academic title, and leadership positions was extracted from public profiles and Scopus. Demographic and academic data was also extracted for OHNS and pediatric OHNS department/division chairs. RESULTS North American academic pediatric OHNS websites listed 516 surgeons, of whom 39.9% were women. Most surgeons were perceived as White (69.0%), followed by Asian (24.0%), Hispanic (3.7%), and Black (3.3%). Women surgeons had lower h-indices, less publications, and less citations than men (P < .001). Despite women surgeons having fewer years in practice (median 8.0 vs 13.0, P < .001), gender-differences in h-index persisted when controlling for years in practice (P < .05). Men surgeons had higher academic titles (P < .001), but there was no gender difference in leadership roles while accounting for years in practice (P = .559). White surgeons had higher academic titles than non-White surgeons (P = .018). There was no racial/ethnic difference in leadership roles (P = .392). CONCLUSION Most pediatric OHNS surgeons are men and/or White. Significant gender-differences in research productivity and academic title exist, however surgeons of racial/ethnic minority have similar research productivity as their racial/ethnic majority counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Abdallah
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily Sodhi
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacob Davidson
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claire M Lawlor
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Claire A Wilson
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie E Strychowsky
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Elise Graham
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Graham ME, Aleksa E, Dzioba A, Madou E, Chen T, Strychowsky JE, Hu A, Chan Y, Seemann NM. Gender Differences in Domestic Responsibilities of Otolaryngologists-A Mixed-Methods Analysis. Laryngoscope 2024. [PMID: 38934344 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Female otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeons (OHNS) confront unique barriers. This study examines the influence of home life, especially gendered division of household labor, on leadership, productivity, and burnout. METHODS A survey was distributed through social media and national society list-serv. Demographics, responsibility for household roles, and Maslach Burnout Inventory for Medical Personnel were included. Participants were invited to participate in semi-structured interviews, employing purposive sampling, with qualitative thematic analysis. RESULTS Response rate was 26.4% (145 of 550 of eligible participants; 38.7% women, 60.7% men). Significantly fewer women were married (64.3% vs. 92% of men, p < 0.001), and significantly more were childless (21.4% of women vs. 9.1% of men, p = 0.037). More men reported exclusive/major responsibility for five duties, including yard work and home maintenance (all p < 0.03). More women reported exclusive/major responsibility for 15 duties, including meal planning and coordinating childcare (all p < 0.03). Women had higher Emotional Exhaustion on univariate analysis (p = 0.015). Across 27 interviews, two main themes were identified, each with three associated subthemes: Theme one, "division of duties," with subthemes (1) the way household duties were divided, (2) traditional gender norms, and 3. changing duties over time/unexpected circumstances. Theme two, "impact of domestic duties," with subthemes (1) professional, (2) financial, and (3) burnout/life satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS Women OHNS disproportionately manage domestic responsibilities, possibly altering career trajectory for some OHNS. Burnout, especially emotional exhaustion, may be elevated due to inequitable labor. Future research should focus on identifying ways to improve equity for this group. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A Laryngoscope, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elise Graham
- Victoria Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily Aleksa
- Victoria Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Agnieszka Dzioba
- Victoria Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edward Madou
- Victoria Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tanya Chen
- Victoria Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Amanda Hu
- Victoria Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yvonne Chan
- Victoria Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natashia M Seemann
- Victoria Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
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McMullen C, Kejner A, Nicolli E, Abouyared M, Coblens O, Fedder K, Thakkar P, Patel R. Parental leave and family building experiences among head and neck surgeons in the United States: Career impact and opportunities for improvement. Head Neck 2024. [PMID: 38511311 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The availability of paid parental leave is an important factor for retention and wellness. The experiences of head and neck surgeons with parental leave have never been reported. METHODS A survey was electronically distributed to head and neck subspecialty surgeons in the United States. Responses were collected and analyzed. RESULTS Male surgeons had more children and took significantly less parental leave than women. Thirty percent of respondents reported that parental leave negatively impacted compensation, and 14% reported a delay in promotion due to leave, which impacted women more than men. The vast majority reported they are happy or neutral about covering those on leave. Most respondents utilized paid childcare, and approximately one quarter of respondents spending 11%-20% of their income on childcare. CONCLUSIONS This study illuminates the current disparities regarding parental leave-taking within the subspecialty of head and neck surgery in the United States. Women surgeons are more likely to be impacted professionally and financially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin McMullen
- Department of Head & Neck - Endocrine Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Alexandra Kejner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Elizabeth Nicolli
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Marianne Abouyared
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, UC Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Orly Coblens
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Katie Fedder
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Punam Thakkar
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rusha Patel
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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Mavedatnia D, Yi G, Wener E, Davidson J, Chan Y, Graham ME. Gender Differences in North American and International Otolaryngology Clinical Practice Guideline Authorship: A 17-Year Analysis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2023; 132:1669-1678. [PMID: 37334913 PMCID: PMC10571373 DOI: 10.1177/00034894231181752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze gender differences in authorship of North American (Canadian and American) and international published otolaryngology-head and neck surgery (OHNS) clinical practice guidelines (CPG) over a 17-year period. METHODS Clinical practice guidelines published between 2005 and 2022 were identified through the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technology in Health (CADTH) search strategy in MEDLINE and EMBASE. Studies were included if they were original studies, published in the English language, and encompassed Canadian, American, or international OHNS clinical practice guidelines. RESULTS A total of 145 guidelines were identified, encompassing 661 female authors (27.4%) and 1756 male authors (72.7%). Among OHNS authors, women and men accounted for 21.2% and 78.8% of authors, respectively. Women who were involved in guideline authorship were 31.0% less likely to be an otolaryngologist compared to men. There were no gender differences across first or senior author and by subspeciality. Female otolaryngologist representation was the greatest in rhinology (28.3%) and pediatrics (26.7%). American guidelines had the greatest proportion of female authors per guideline (34.1%) and the greatest number of unique female authors (33.2%). CONCLUSION Despite the increasing representation of women in OHNS, gender gaps exist with regards to authorship within clinical practice guidelines. Greater gender diversity and transparency is required within guideline authorship to help achieve equitable gender representation and the development of balanced guidelines with a variety of viewpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grace Yi
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emily Wener
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jacob Davidson
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital at London Health Sciences Center, Schulich School of Medicine, London, ON, Canada
| | - Yvonne Chan
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M. Elise Graham
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Children’s Hospital at London Health Sciences Center, Schulich School of Medicine, London, ON, Canada
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7
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Lechien JR, Kan K, Sims HS. Workplace Environment Microaggressions in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery: An International Survey. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 169:1481-1490. [PMID: 37300899 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To survey members of the otolaryngology community about their personal and observed experiences of being treated differently because of one's physical attributes, cultural norms, or preferences in the workplace. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING International Electronic Survey. METHODS We invited members of the international otolaryngology community including 3 European or American otorhinolaryngological Societies to complete a survey about personal/observed experience of differential treatment in the workplace related to age, biological sex; disability, gender identity, language proficiency, military experience, citizenship, ethnicity/race, political belief, and sexual orientation. Results were analyzed according to participant ethnicity/race (white vs non-white) and gender (male vs female) RESULTS: Four hundred seven participants completed the evaluations: 301 white (74%) and 106 non-white (26%) participants. Non-white participants reported significantly more experiences of differential treatment (microaggressions) than white participants (p < .05). Non-white participants more frequently felt that they needed to work harder for the same opportunities as their peers and were more likely to consider leaving a position because of an unsupportive environment. In general, females reported more frequent experiences with differential treatment related to sexual orientation, biological sex, and gender identity than males. CONCLUSION We recognized reports of differential treatment as a proxy for microaggressions. Non-white members of the otolaryngology community self-report experiencing or observing more microaggressions than white members in the workplace. Acknowledging the existence and impact of microaggressions in the field of Otolaryngology is the first step towards cultivating an inclusive, diverse workforce where all members feel supported, validated, and welcomed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome R Lechien
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Laryngology and Broncho-Esophagology, EpiCURA Hospital, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
- Department of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium
- Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, Elsan Polyclinic of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Krystal Kan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - H Steven Sims
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chicago Institute for Voice Care, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Saadoun R, Soqia J, Ataya J, Fischer KS, De La Cruz C, Kamal A, Knoedler L, Risse EM. Beyond the Operating Room: Exploring Gender Bias in Leadership Positions in German Plastic Surgery. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2023; 11:e5370. [PMID: 37928632 PMCID: PMC10624477 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000005370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Despite efforts to promote gender equity in medicine, gender disparities persist in various medical specialties, including plastic surgery. This study aimed to investigate the representation of female physicians in leadership positions in German plastic surgery departments. Methods This cross-sectional study collected data about the physician workforce in the German plastic surgery field. The primary outcome was the proportion of female physicians in plastic surgery departments. Data were collected from 94 departments. The physician workforce was stratified based on gender and leadership. Results We included 812 physicians working in different German plastic surgery departments. Of those, 76.8% were in leadership positions, and 35.1% were women. There was a significant association between being male sex and holding a leadership position (n = 158/188, 84% versus n = 30/188, 16%, P < 0.0001). This association persisted even after accounting for the academic grade of each physician in a multivariable regression model (OR 2.565; 95% confidence interval, 1.628-4.041). Conclusions Women are significantly underrepresented in leadership positions in German plastic surgery, with only 16% of female physicians holding such positions. Furthermore, being male sex was significantly associated with holding a leadership position, even after adjusting for the academic grade. These findings emphasize the existence of gender bias in the selection process for leadership positions in plastic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakan Saadoun
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
- Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jameel Soqia
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Jamal Ataya
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Katharina S. Fischer
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Plastic- and Hand Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Carolyn De La Cruz
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Abdallah Kamal
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Leonard Knoedler
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Eva-Maria Risse
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Plastic- and Hand Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
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McCrary HC, Meeker M, Farlow JL, Seim NB, Old MO, Ozer E, Agrawal A, Rocco JW, Kang SY, Bradford CR, Haring CT. Demographic and Academic Productivity Trends Among American Head & Neck Society Fellows Over a 20-Year Period. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 149:987-992. [PMID: 37561525 PMCID: PMC10416085 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2023.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Importance Historical data reveal that, compared with women, men are more likely to pursue a head and neck surgical oncology fellowship, but little is known about possible gender differences in academic productivity. Objective To assess demographic trends and academic productivity among American Head & Neck Society (AHNS) fellowship graduates. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used electronically published data from the AHNS on fellowship graduates in the US and Canada from July 1, 1997, to June 30, 2022. Scopus was used to extract h-indices for each graduate. Exposure Scholarly activity. Main Outcomes and Measures Main outcomes were changes in demographic characteristics and academic productivity among AHNS graduates over time. Data analysis included effect size, η2, and 95% CIs. Results A total of 691 AHNS fellowship graduates (525 men [76%] and 166 women [24%]) were included. Over the study period, there was an increase in the number of programs offering a fellowship (η2, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.68-0.89) and an increase in the absolute number of women who completed training (η2, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.38-0.78). Among early-career graduates pursuing an academic career, there was a small difference in the median h-index scores between men and women (median difference, 1.0; 95% CI, -1.1 to 3.1); however, among midcareer and late-career graduates, there was a large difference in the median h-index scores (midcareer graduates: median difference, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.2-6.8; late-career graduates: median difference, 6.0; 95% CI, 1.0-10.9). A higher percentage of women pursued academic positions compared with men (106 of 162 [65.4%] vs 293 of 525 [55.8%]; difference, 9.6%; 95% CI, -5.3% to 12.3%). Conclusions and Relevance This cross-sectional study suggests that women in head and neck surgery begin their careers with high levels of academic productivity. However, over time, a divergence in academic productivity between men and women begins to develop. These data argue for research to identify possible reasons for this observed divergence in academic productivity and, where possible, develop enhanced early faculty development opportunities for women to promote their academic productivity, promotion, and advancement into leadership positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary C. McCrary
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Molly Meeker
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus
| | - Janice L. Farlow
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Nolan B. Seim
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Matthew O. Old
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Enver Ozer
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Amit Agrawal
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - James W. Rocco
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Stephen Y. Kang
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Carol R. Bradford
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus
| | - Catherine T. Haring
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus
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Kirubalingam K, Dzioba A, Chan Y, Graham ME. Authorship diversity in otolaryngology: a 9-year analysis of articles published in Journal of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 52:57. [PMID: 37674238 PMCID: PMC10481594 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-023-00667-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keshinisuthan Kirubalingam
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, Victoria Hospital, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 800 Commissioners Road E, Box 5010, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Agnieszka Dzioba
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, Victoria Hospital, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 800 Commissioners Road E, Box 5010, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Yvonne Chan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Elise Graham
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, Victoria Hospital, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 800 Commissioners Road E, Box 5010, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada.
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11
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Patel A, Suryavanshi P, Madou E, Dzioba A, Strychowsky JE, Hu A, Chan Y, Graham ME. Exploring Diversity in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Journal Editorial Boards. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2023:1455613231178115. [PMID: 37264931 DOI: 10.1177/01455613231178115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite increasing diversity in medical school entrants, disparities exist in academic leadership. This study sought to examine the proportion of women and visible minorities (VMs) among editorial board members (EBMs) of otolaryngology journals. METHODS Two reviewers collected journal, editorial board, and editor-in-chief characteristics using journal mastheads or official websites. Gender and VM representation on editorial boards and factors associated with increased representation were investigated. RESULTS Forty-one journals were explored, from January to April 2022. Of 2128 EBMs, 663 (31.3%) were VMs and 551 (25.9%) were women. Editor-in-chief roles were held by 12 (25%) VM individuals and 3 (6.2%) women. Gender differences in the distribution of editorial board positions were found (P < .001); women had higher representation as associate editors (24.5%, n = 551 vs 15.4, n = 1577%) and deputy/managing editors (2.2%, n = 551 vs 0.4%, n = 1577), while men were more represented as editor-in-chief (2.9%, n = 1577 vs 0.5%, n = 551). Similar VM representation existed between genders (31.0% male; 31.6% women) (P = .80). Journal impact factor quartile and gender were significantly correlated (P < .001); a higher proportion of women were represented in the first (27.0% vs 24.5%) and fourth (12.0% vs 4.9%) quartile. No significant factors were identified for higher women's editorial board representation. Larger editorial board size (P = .002) and Asian/South American journals (P = .003 to P < .001) had significantly higher representation of VMs. CONCLUSION Women and VMs are underrepresented in high-ranking editorial positions. Diversity in editorial boards is needed to ensure fair and balanced journal reviews and equity within otolaryngology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashaka Patel
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Palak Suryavanshi
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Edward Madou
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Agnieszka Dzioba
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Julie E Strychowsky
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Amanda Hu
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yvonne Chan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Elise Graham
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
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12
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Yi G, Payandeh J, Mavedatnia D, Neocleous P, Davidson J, Siu J, Zirkle M, Strychowsky JE, Graham ME, Chan Y. Gender representation in leadership & research: a 13-year review of the Annual Canadian Society of Otolaryngology Meetings. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 52:38. [PMID: 37170245 PMCID: PMC10173511 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-023-00635-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gender disparity in surgical disciplines, specifically in speakers across North American medical and surgical specialty conferences, has been highlighted in recent literature. Improving gender diversity at society meetings and panels may provide many benefits. Our aim was to determine the state of gender diversity amongst presenters and speakers at the annual Canadian Society of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (CSO) meetings. METHODS Scientific programs for the CSO annual meetings from 2008 to 2020 were obtained from the national society website. Participant name, role, gender, location, and subspecialty topic were recorded for all roles other than poster presenter. Gender (male or female) was determined using an online search. The total number of opportunity spots and proportion of women was then calculated. Gender differences were analyzed using chi-square test and logistic regression with odds ratios. Four categories were analyzed: Society Leadership, Invited Speaker Opportunities, Workshop Composition (male-only panels or "manels", female-only panels, or with at least one female speaker), and Oral Paper Presenters (first authors). RESULTS There were 1874 leadership opportunity spots from 2008 to 2020, of which 18.6% were filled by women. Among elected leadership positions in the society, only 92 unique women filled 738 leadership opportunity spots. 13.2% of workshop chairs, 20.8% of panelists and 22.7% of paper session chairs were female. There was an overall increase in the proportion of leadership positions held by women, from 13.9% of leadership spots in 2008 to 30.1% in 2020. Of the 368 workshops, 61.1% were led by men only, 36.4% by at least 1 female surgeon, and 2.5% by women only. "Manels" have comprised at least 37.5% of workshops each year. CONCLUSIONS The proportion of women in speaking roles at the annual CSO meetings has generally increased over time, particularly among panelists, leading to fewer male-only speaking panels. However, there has been a slower rate of growth in the proportion of unique women in speaker roles. There remains an opportunity to increase gender/sex diversity at the major Canadian otolaryngology meeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Yi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Unit 8CC-121, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | | | | | - Penelope Neocleous
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jacob Davidson
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Siu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Unit 8CC-121, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Molly Zirkle
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Unit 8CC-121, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Julie E Strychowsky
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - M Elise Graham
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Yvonne Chan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Unit 8CC-121, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada.
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13
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Saadoun R, Risse E, Sadoun L, Kamal A, Pudszuhn A, Obermueller T. Gender distribution and women leadership in German Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2023; 8:426-434. [PMID: 37090881 PMCID: PMC10116970 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the distribution of female physicians throughout the rank from resident to leadership positions in German Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (OHNS) departments. Methods This cross-sectional study collected data about the physician workforce in the German OHNS.The primary outcome was the proportion of female physicians. Data were collected from 165 departments from January 2022 to February 2022. The physician workforce was stratified based on gender and leadership. Results We included 2089 physicians from 165 departments of OHNS in German hospitals. Female residents and specialists outnumbered male peers (484/872 [55.5%] vs. 388/872 [44.5%] and 224/363 [61.71%] vs. 139/363 [38.29%], respectively). However, the women proportion decreased gradually with elevated hierarchical rank starting at the attending physician level to reaching its lowest extreme (14/165 [7.23%]) at the head of the department level. Holding a leadership position was associated with being male (n = 282 [85.2%] vs. n = 49 [14.8%], p < .0001). This persisted even after controlling the academic rank in a multivariable regression model (OR: 5.027, 95% CI: 3.536-7.146). The gap between the two genders in favor of men regarding leadership persisted in all kinds of hospitals. However, this disparity was lowest in university hospitals, (male: n = 83 [78.3%] vs. female: n = 23, [21.7%], p < .0001). Conclusions Even though women outnumbered men in resident and specialist positions, they are still underrepresented in leadership positions in OHNS. Continuous surveillance is needed to watch the dynamic changes in the gap between the two genders and address it with more sex equality-supporting policies. Level of Evidence IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakan Saadoun
- Department of Plastic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine MannheimMannheimGermany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity Medical Centre MannheimMannheimGermany
| | - Eva‐Maria Risse
- Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Leen Sadoun
- University of Damascus, Faculty of PharmacyDamascusSyria
| | - Abdallah Kamal
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of NeuroradiologyPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Annett Pudszuhn
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of HealthCampus Benjamin FranklinBerlinGermany
| | - Theresa Obermueller
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of HealthCampus Benjamin FranklinBerlinGermany
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14
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Mavedatnia D, Payandeh J, Neocleous P, Davidson J, Dzioba A, Strychowsky JE, Graham ME. Gender differences in publication rates at Canadian Society of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery annual meetings: an 11-year analysis. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 52:10. [PMID: 36759903 PMCID: PMC9909880 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-022-00612-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluating gender differences in publication rates after conference presentations is an avenue to assess women's contributions to academic medicine. The objective of this study was to assess gender differences in publication rates, time to publication, and subspeciality of publication of abstracts presented at Canadian otolaryngology conferences over an 11-year period. METHODS Cross-sectional data was obtained from online conference schedules of annual Canadian Society of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery national meetings between 2009 and 2020. A total of 2111 abstract titles were searched in MedLine via PubMed. Gender of the first and senior author, publication status of presented work, and subspeciality of publication were extracted. RESULTS Of 2111 scientific abstracts presented between 2009 and 2020, female first and senior authors accounted for 29.0% and 12.8% of published abstracts, respectively. There was a significant difference in the publication rate of senior authors by gender (p < 0.01). Male senior authors had a 9.70% higher rate of publication compared to female senior authors. Posters with a female first author were 33.0% (OR: 0.67; 95% CI 0.49-0.91) less likely to be published compared to posters with a male first author. Similarly, posters with a female senior author were 34.0% (OR: 0.66; 95% CI 0.45-0.96) less likely to be published. There was a significant difference in discipline of publication by gender of the senior author (p < 0.001). Male senior authors were more likely to supervise projects in otology while female senior authors were more likely to supervise projects in education and pediatrics. The time to publication and impact factor of the journal of publication did not differ by gender. CONCLUSION Gender disparities exist in the publication rates of first and senior authors at Canadian otolaryngology meetings. Female senior authors have significantly lower publication rates compared to their male colleagues and differences exist in publication rates after poster presentations. Investigation of gender gaps in academic medicine, research productivity, and publications is essential for development of a diverse, equitable, and inclusive workforce in otolaryngology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorsa Mavedatnia
- grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Jennifer Payandeh
- grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331Faculty of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada
| | - Penelope Neocleous
- grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, ON Canada
| | - Jacob Davidson
- grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, ON Canada ,grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital at London Health Sciences Center, Schulich School of Medicine, London, ON Canada
| | - Agnieszka Dzioba
- grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children’s Hospital at London Health Sciences Center, Schulich School of Medicine, 800 Commissioners Road E, London, ON N6A 5W9 Canada
| | - Julie E. Strychowsky
- grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, ON Canada ,grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children’s Hospital at London Health Sciences Center, Schulich School of Medicine, 800 Commissioners Road E, London, ON N6A 5W9 Canada
| | - M. Elise Graham
- grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, ON Canada ,grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children’s Hospital at London Health Sciences Center, Schulich School of Medicine, 800 Commissioners Road E, London, ON N6A 5W9 Canada
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Shum JW, Dierks EJ. Fellowship Training in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: Opportunities and Outcomes. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2022; 34:545-554. [PMID: 36224071 DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The pursuit of fellowship training stems from one's desire to master a focused area of surgery. Successful applicants tend to have published articles and participated in other scholarly activities. They commonly have a mentor within the subspecialty of their interest. Selection of the program is generally based on the breadth of experience available followed by faculty reputation and location. Advantages to the successful fellowship graduate include the experience and confidence to provide specialized and efficient care to patients. Enhancements to an academic department with a fellowship program include mentorship for residents and guidance toward fellowship, as well as an increased level of scholarly activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Shum
- Oral, Head and Neck Oncologic and Reconstructive Surgery Fellowship, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6560 Fannin Street Suite 1900#, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Eric J Dierks
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oregon and Health Sciences University, Head and Neck Surgical Associates, 1849 NW Kearney, Suite 300, Portland, OR 97209, USA
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Martinino A, Scarano Pereira JP, Pouwels S. Trends in Gender Diversity in the Field of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery in Canada. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 148:382. [PMID: 35175307 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2021.4432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sjaak Pouwels
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands
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