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Kinetic Study of 4-Chlorophenol Biodegradation by Acclimated Sludge in a Packed Bed Reactor. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10102130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the degradation of 4-CP using acclimated sludge. The Monod and Haldane models were employed to fit the specific growth rate with various initial 4-CP concentrations of 67–412 mg/L in the batch experiments. Haldane kinetics showed a better fit to experimental results than Monod kinetics. The kinetic parameters were obtained from a comparison of Monod and Haldane kinetics with batch experimental data. The values of μm and KS were found to be 0.691 d−1 and 5.62 mg/L, respectively, for Monod kinetics. In contrast, the values of μm, KS, and KI were 1.30 d−1, 8.38 mg/L, and 279.4 mg/L, respectively, for Haldane kinetics. The kinetic parameters in Haldane kinetics were used as input parameters for the kinetic model system of the packed bed reactor (PBR). The continuous flow PBR was conducted to validate the kinetic model system. The model-simulated results agreed well with experimental data in the PBR performance operation. At the steady-state stage, the removal efficiency of 4-CP was 70.8–96.1%, while the hydraulic retention time (HRT) was 2.5 to 12.4 h. The corresponding removal of 4-CP was assessed to be 94.6 and 96.1% when the inlet 4-CP loading rate was increased from 0.11 to 0.51 kg/m3-d. The approaches of kinetic models and experiments presented in this study can be applied to design a PBR for 4-CP treatment in wastewater from the effluents of various industries.
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Kinetics of Cometabolic Transformation of 4-chlorophenol and Phenol Degradation by Pseudomonas putida Cells in Batch and Biofilm Reactors. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9091663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The biodegradation kinetics of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) and phenol and microbial growth of Pseudomonas putida (P. putida) cells were estimated in batch and biofilm reactors. The kinetic parameters of cells on phenol were determined using the Haldane formula. The maximum specific growth rate of P. putida on phenol, the half-saturation constant of phenol and the self-inhibition constant of phenol were 0.512 h−1, 78.38 mg/L and 228.5 mg/L, respectively. The yield growth of cells on phenol (YP) was 0.618 mg phenol/mg cell. The batch experimental results for the specific transformation rate of 4-CP by resting P. putida cells were fitted with Haldane kinetics to evaluate the maximum specific utilization rate of 4-CP, half-saturation constant of 4-CP, and self-inhibition constant of 4-CP, which were 0.246 h−1, 1.048 mg/L and 53.40 mg/L, respectively. The negative specific growth rates of cells on 4-CP obtained were fitted using a kinetic equation to investigate the true transformation capacity and first-order endogenous decay coefficient, which were 4.34 mg 4-CP/mg cell and 5.99 × 10−3 h−1, respectively. The competitive inhibition coefficients of phenol to 4-CP transformation and 4-CP to phenol degradation were 6.75 and 9.27 mg/L, respectively; therefore, phenol had a higher competitive inhibition of 4-CP transformation than the converse. The predicted model examining cometabolic transformation of 4-CP and phenol degradation showed good agreement with the experimental observations. The removal efficiencies for phenol and 4-CP were 94.56–98.45% and 96.09–98.85%, respectively, for steady-state performance.
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Maleki M, Motamedi M, Sedighi M, Zamir SM, Vahabzadeh F. Experimental study and kinetic modeling of cometabolic degradation of phenol and p-nitrophenol by loofa-immobilized Ralstonia eutropha. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-014-0593-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Substrate interactions and kinetics study of phenolic compounds biodegradation by Pseudomonas sp. cbp1-3. Biochem Eng J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gallego A, Gemini VL, Rossen AA, Rossi SL, Trípodi V, Corach D, Planes E, Korol SE. Aerobic degradation of 3-chlorobenzoic acid by an indigenous strain isolated from a polluted river. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 28:1245-52. [PMID: 22805844 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0928-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An indigenous strain of Pseudomonas putida capable of degrading 3-chlorobenzoic acid as the sole carbon source was isolated from the Riachuelo, a polluted river in Buenos Aires. Aerobic biodegradation assays were performed using a 2-l microfermentor. Biodegradation was evaluated by spectrophotometry, chloride release, gas chromatography and microbial growth. Detoxification was evaluated by using Vibrio fischeri, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Lactuca sativa as test organisms. The indigenous bacterial strain degrades 100 mg l(-1) 3-chlorobenzoic acid in 14 h with a removal efficiency of 92.0 and 86.1% expressed as compound and chemical oxygen demand removal, respectively. The strain was capable of degrading up to 1,000 mg of the compound l(-1). Toxicity was not detected at the end of the biodegradation process. Besides initial concentration, the effect of different factors, such as initial pH, initial inoculum, adaptation to the compound and presence of other substrates and toxic related compounds, was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Gallego
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Loh KC, Wu T. Cometabolic Transformation of 2-Chlorophenol and 4-Chlorophenol in the Presence of Phenol by Pseudomonas putida. CAN J CHEM ENG 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.5450840312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Loh KC, Wang Y. Enhanced Cometabolic Transformation of 4-Chlorophenol in the Presence of Phenol by Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption. CAN J CHEM ENG 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.5450840212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Jiang Y, Wen J, Lan L, Hu Z. Biodegradation of phenol and 4-chlorophenol by the yeast Candida tropicalis. Biodegradation 2007; 18:719-29. [PMID: 17245562 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-007-9100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2006] [Accepted: 01/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradation of phenol and 4-chlorophenol (4-cp) using a pure culture of Candida tropicalis was studied. The results showed that C. tropicalis could degrade 2,000 mg l(-1) phenol alone and 350 mg l(-1) 4-cp alone within 66 and 55 h, respectively. The capacity of the strain to degrade phenol was obviously higher than that to degrade 4-cp. In the dual-substrate system, 4-cp intensely inhibited phenol biodegradation. Phenol beyond 800 mg l(-1) could not be degraded in the presence of 350 mg l(-1) 4-cp. Comparatively, low-concentration phenol from 100 to 600 mg l(-1) supplied a sole carbon and energy source for C. tropicalis in the initial phase of biodegradation and accelerated the assimilation of 4-cp, which resulted in the fact that 4-cp biodegradation velocity was higher than that without phenol. And the capacity of C. tropicalis to degrade 4-cp was increased up to 420 mg l(-1) with the presence of 100-160 mg l(-1) phenol. In addition, the intrinsic kinetics of cell growth and substrate degradation were investigated with phenol and 4-cp as single and mixed substrates in batch cultures. The results illustrated that the models proposed adequately described the dynamic behaviors of biodegradation by C. tropicalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
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De Los Cobos-Vasconcelos D, Santoyo-Tepole F, Juárez-Ramírez C, Ruiz-Ordaz N, Galíndez-Mayer C. Cometabolic degradation of chlorophenols by a strain of Burkholderia in fed-batch culture. Enzyme Microb Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mamma D, Papadopoulou E, Petroutsos D, Christakopoulos P, Kekos D. Removal of 1,3-dichloro2-propanol and 3-chloro1,2-propanediol by the whole cell system of pseudomonas putida DSM 437. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2006; 41:303-13. [PMID: 16484065 DOI: 10.1080/10934520500423154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The removal of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (1,3-DCP), 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-CPD) and their mixtures at concentrations up to 1,000 mg . L(-1) by the whole cell system of Pseudomonas putida DSM 437 was investigated. The 1,3-DCP removal rates ranged from 2.36 to 10.55 mg . L(-1) . h(-1); 3-CPD exhibited approximately two times higher removal rates compared to 1,3-DCP for all concentrations tested. Removal of 1,3-DCP and 3-CPD followed first-order kinetics with rate constants of 0.0109 h(-1) and 0.0206 h(-1), respectively. When the whole cell system of P. putida DSM 437 was applied to mixtures of the two halohdrins, complete removal of 1,3-DCP was achieved at 144 h while removal of 3-CPD was completed at times ranging from 72 to 144 h. Time to achieve 50% removal of both halohydrins depends on the initial concentration of each in the mixture. For 1,3-DCP, it ranged from 40.55 h at 200 mg . L(-1) to 53.28 h at 500 mg . L(-1) while the respected values for 3-CPD were 33.39 and 68.91 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diomi Mamma
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 157 80, Zografou, Greece
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Urgun-Demirtas M, Pagilla KR, Stark BC. Enhanced kinetics of genetically engineeredBurkholderia cepacia: the role ofvgb in the hypoxic metabolism of 2-CBA. Biotechnol Bioeng 2004; 87:110-8. [PMID: 15211495 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Application of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb) technology to 2-CBA degradation by Burkholderia cepacia strain DNT under hypoxic conditions was studied in continuous culture chemostats. Dechlorination abilities of both recombinant (VHb gene (vgb) containing) and untransformed cells were investigated at various dilution rates to ensure complete degradation of 2-CBA. As the dilution rate increased from 0.025 to 0.25 h(-1), the ratios of chloride release to degraded 2-CBA concentration decreased from 0.95 to 0.72 and from 0.89 to 0.39 for recombinant and untransformed cells, respectively. A nonstoichiometric relationship between chloride release and 2-CBA degradation was more pronounced for untransformed cells. Recombinant cell densities were 0.1-0.2. g L(-1) greater than untransformed cell densities for a range of dilution rates. As the dilution rate increased, the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) and the substrate utilization rate (SUR) decreased for both strains. The OUR/SUR ratio increased as the dilution rate increased for both strains but was much higher for the recombinant strain compared to untransformed cells. The specific 2-CBA degradation rate of recombinant cells was greater than that of untransformed cells (1.17 vs. 0.46 mg CBA (mg) day(-1), and half-saturation constants for recombinant cells were lower than those of untransformed cells (0.18 and 0.32 mg CBA L(-1), respectively). The pseudo-first-order degradation constants, k(1CBA) and k(1ACE), were higher for recombinant cells (6.5 L (mg cells)(-1) day(-1) and 95.6 L (mg cells)(-1) day(-1), respectively) than those of untransformed cells (1.44 L (mg cells)(-1) day(-1) and 73.7 L (mg cells)(-1) day(-1), respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Urgun-Demirtas
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 10 West 33rd Street, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
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Mamma D, Kalogeris E, Papadopoulos N, Hatzinikolaou DG, Christrakopoulos P, Kekos D. Biodegradation of phenol by acclimatized Pseudomonas putida cells using glucose as an added growth substrate. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2004; 39:2093-2104. [PMID: 15332671 DOI: 10.1081/ese-120039377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation of phenol, a pollutant derived from many industrial processes, was achieved through acclimatized Pseudomonas putida cells. The strategy to overcome the inhibitory effect of phenol on microbial growth involved the addition of glucose, a conventional carbon source. A factorial experimental design was employed in order to optimize the initial phenol and glucose concentrations. The optimum conditions found were applied in 2-lt bioreactors. The development of acclimatized cells and the use of glucose as an added growth substrate resulted in a significant phenol degradation rate of 60.7 mg L(-1) h(-1) with a complete removal of 1200 mg L(-1) phenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diomi Mamma
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Prediction of critical cell growth behavior of Pseudomonas putida to maximize the cometabolism of 4-chlorophenol with phenol and sodium glutamate as carbon sources. Enzyme Microb Technol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(02)00315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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