1
|
Mathias SR, Knowles EEM, Mollon J, Rodrigue AL, Woolsey MK, Hernandez AM, Garret AS, Fox PT, Olvera RL, Peralta JM, Kumar S, Göring HHH, Duggirala R, Curran JE, Blangero J, Glahn DC. Cocktail-party listening and cognitive abilities show strong pleiotropy. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1071766. [PMID: 36970519 PMCID: PMC10035755 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1071766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The cocktail-party problem refers to the difficulty listeners face when trying to attend to relevant sounds that are mixed with irrelevant ones. Previous studies have shown that solving these problems relies on perceptual as well as cognitive processes. Previously, we showed that speech-reception thresholds (SRTs) on a cocktail-party listening task were influenced by genetic factors. Here, we estimated the degree to which these genetic factors overlapped with those influencing cognitive abilities. Methods We measured SRTs and hearing thresholds (HTs) in 493 listeners, who ranged in age from 18 to 91 years old. The same individuals completed a cognitive test battery comprising 18 measures of various cognitive domains. Individuals belonged to large extended pedigrees, which allowed us to use variance component models to estimate the narrow-sense heritability of each trait, followed by phenotypic and genetic correlations between pairs of traits. Results All traits were heritable. The phenotypic and genetic correlations between SRTs and HTs were modest, and only the phenotypic correlation was significant. By contrast, all genetic SRT-cognition correlations were strong and significantly different from 0. For some of these genetic correlations, the hypothesis of complete pleiotropy could not be rejected. Discussion Overall, the results suggest that there was substantial genetic overlap between SRTs and a wide range of cognitive abilities, including abilities without a major auditory or verbal component. The findings highlight the important, yet sometimes overlooked, contribution of higher-order processes to solving the cocktail-party problem, raising an important caveat for future studies aiming to identify specific genetic factors that influence cocktail-party listening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R. Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Emma E. M. Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Josephine Mollon
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Amanda L. Rodrigue
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mary K. Woolsey
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Alyssa M. Hernandez
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Amy S. Garret
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Peter T. Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Rene L. Olvera
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Juan M. Peralta
- Department of Human Genetics, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Satish Kumar
- Department of Human Genetics, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Harald H. H. Göring
- Department of Human Genetics, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Ravi Duggirala
- Department of Human Genetics, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Joanne E. Curran
- Department of Human Genetics, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - David C. Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mathias SR, Knowles EE, Mollon J, Rodrigue AL, Woolsey MK, Hernandez AM, Garrett AS, Fox PT, Olvera RL, Peralta JM, Kumar S, Göring HH, Duggirala R, Curran JE, Blangero J, Glahn DC. The Genetic contribution to solving the cocktail-party problem. iScience 2022; 25:104997. [PMID: 36111257 PMCID: PMC9468408 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Communicating in everyday situations requires solving the cocktail-party problem, or segregating the acoustic mixture into its constituent sounds and attending to those of most interest. Humans show dramatic variation in this ability, leading some to experience real-world problems irrespective of whether they meet criteria for clinical hearing loss. Here, we estimated the genetic contribution to cocktail-party listening by measuring speech-reception thresholds (SRTs) in 425 people from large families and ranging in age from 18 to 91 years. Roughly half the variance of SRTs was explained by genes (h 2 = 0.567). The genetic correlation between SRTs and hearing thresholds (HTs) was medium (ρ G = 0.392), suggesting that the genetic factors influencing cocktail-party listening were partially distinct from those influencing sound sensitivity. Aging and socioeconomic status also strongly influenced SRTs. These findings may represent a first step toward identifying genes for "hidden hearing loss," or hearing problems in people with normal HTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R. Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emma E.M. Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Josephine Mollon
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amanda L. Rodrigue
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mary K. Woolsey
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Alyssa M. Hernandez
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Amy S. Garrett
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Peter T. Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Rene L. Olvera
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - Juan M. Peralta
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - Satish Kumar
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - Harald H.H. Göring
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - Ravi Duggirala
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - Joanne E. Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - David C. Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stojanowski CM, Paul KS, Seidel AC, Duncan WN, Guatelli‐Steinberg D. Heritability and genetic integration of anterior tooth crown variants in the South Carolina Gullah. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 167:124-143. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Stojanowski
- Center for Bioarchaeological ResearchSchool of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State UniversityTempe Arizona 85287
| | - Kathleen S. Paul
- Center for Bioarchaeological ResearchSchool of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State UniversityTempe Arizona 85287
| | - Andrew C. Seidel
- Center for Bioarchaeological ResearchSchool of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State UniversityTempe Arizona 85287
| | - William N. Duncan
- Department of Sociology and AnthropologyEast Tennessee State UniversityJohnson City Tennessee 37614
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chittoor G, Kent JW, Almeida M, Puppala S, Farook VS, Cole SA, Haack K, Göring HHH, MacCluer JW, Curran JE, Carless MA, Johnson MP, Moses EK, Almasy L, Mahaney MC, Lehman DM, Duggirala R, Comuzzie AG, Blangero J, Voruganti VS. GWAS and transcriptional analysis prioritize ITPR1 and CNTN4 for a serum uric acid 3p26 QTL in Mexican Americans. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:276. [PMID: 27039371 PMCID: PMC4818944 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2594-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The variation in serum uric acid concentrations is under significant genetic influence. Elevated SUA concentrations have been linked to increased risk for gout, kidney stones, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease whereas reduced serum uric acid concentrations have been linked to multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. Previously, we identified a novel locus on chromosome 3p26 affecting serum uric acid concentrations in Mexican Americans from San Antonio Family Heart Study. As a follow up, we examined genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism data in an extended cohort of 1281 Mexican Americans from multigenerational families of the San Antonio Family Heart Study and the San Antonio Family Diabetes/Gallbladder Study. We used a linear regression-based joint linkage/association test under an additive model of allelic effect, while accounting for non-independence among family members via a kinship variance component. Results Univariate genetic analysis indicated serum uric acid concentrations to be significant heritable (h2 = 0.50 ± 0.05, p < 4 × 10−35), and linkage analysis of serum uric acid concentrations confirmed our previous finding of a novel locus on 3p26 (LOD = 4.9, p < 1 × 10−5) in the extended sample. Additionally, we observed strong association of serum uric acid concentrations with variants in following candidate genes in the 3p26 region; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, type 1 (ITPR1), contactin 4 (CNTN4), decapping mRNA 1A (DCP1A); transglutaminase 4 (TGM4) and rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 26 (ARHGEF26) [p < 3 × 10−7; minor allele frequencies ranged between 0.003 and 0.42] and evidence of cis-regulation for ITPR1 transcripts. Conclusion Our results confirm the importance of the chromosome 3p26 locus and genetic variants in this region in the regulation of serum uric acid concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Chittoor
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Jack W Kent
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Marcio Almeida
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Sobha Puppala
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Vidya S Farook
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Shelley A Cole
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Karin Haack
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Harald H H Göring
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Jean W MacCluer
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Joanne E Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Melanie A Carless
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Matthew P Johnson
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Eric K Moses
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Laura Almasy
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Michael C Mahaney
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Donna M Lehman
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ravindranath Duggirala
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Anthony G Comuzzie
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Venkata Saroja Voruganti
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lin CJ, Chu NF, Hung YJ, Pei D, Lee CH, Hsiao FC, Lu CH, Hsieh CH. Genetic variants of retinol-binding protein 4 in adolescents are associated with liver function and inflammatory markers but not with obesity and insulin resistance. J Genet 2015; 94:503-7. [PMID: 26440092 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-015-0549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Jung Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, 114 Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
Saraç S, Atamer A, Atamer Y, Can AS, Bilici A, Taçyildiz İ, Koçyiğit Y, Yenice N. Leptin levels and lipoprotein profiles in patients with cholelithiasis. J Int Med Res 2015; 43:385-92. [DOI: 10.1177/0300060514561134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the relationships between serum leptin and levels of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA-1) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) in patients with cholelithiasis. Methods Patients with ultrasound-confirmed cholelithiasis and controls frequency-matched for age, sex, body mass index, fasting blood glucose and haemoglobin A1c levels were recruited. Fasting blood samples from all study participants were assayed for glucose, haemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride. Serum Lp(a), ApoA-1 and ApoB levels were measured using nephelometric assays; serum leptin was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results A total of 90 patients with cholelithiasis and 50 controls were included in the study. Serum levels of leptin, Lp(a), total cholesterol, triglyceride and ApoB were significantly increased, and levels of ApoA-1 and HDL-C were significantly decreased, in patients with cholelithiasis compared with controls. Serum leptin in patients with cholelithiasis were significantly positively correlated with Lp(a) and ApoB and negatively correlated with ApoA-1. Conclusions Patients with cholelithiasis have higher leptin levels and an altered lipoprotein profile compared with controls, with increased leptin levels being associated with increased Lp(a) and ApoB levels, and decreased ApoA-1 levels, in those with cholelithiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Saraç
- Termal Vocational School, Yalova University, Yalova, Turkey
| | - Aytaç Atamer
- Termal Vocational School, Yalova University, Yalova, Turkey
| | - Yildiz Atamer
- Termal Vocational School, Yalova University, Yalova, Turkey
| | | | - Aslan Bilici
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Taçyildiz
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Yüksel Koçyiğit
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Necati Yenice
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Urfa, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
McKay DR, Knowles EEM, Winkler AAM, Sprooten E, Kochunov P, Olvera RL, Curran JE, Kent JW, Carless MA, Göring HHH, Dyer TD, Duggirala R, Almasy L, Fox PT, Blangero J, Glahn DC. Influence of age, sex and genetic factors on the human brain. Brain Imaging Behav 2014; 8:143-52. [PMID: 24297733 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-013-9277-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We report effects of age, age(2), sex and additive genetic factors on variability in gray matter thickness, surface area and white matter integrity in 1,010 subjects from the Genetics of Brain Structure and Function Study. Age was more strongly associated with gray matter thickness and fractional anisotropy of water diffusion in white matter tracts, while sex was more strongly associated with gray matter surface area. Widespread heritability of neuroanatomic traits was observed, suggesting that brain structure is under strong genetic control. Furthermore, our findings indicate that neuroimaging-based measurements of cerebral variability are sensitive to genetic mediation. Fundamental studies of genetic influence on the brain will help inform gene discovery initiatives in both clinical and normative samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Reese McKay
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George St., New Haven, CT, 06511, USA,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Gallstone disease (GSD) is one of the most common biliary tract disorders worldwide. The prevalence, however, varies from 5.9-21.9% in Western society to 3.1-10.7% in Asia. Most gallstones (75%) are silent. Approximately half of symptomatic gallstone carriers experience a second episode of biliary pain within 1 year. These individuals are at increased risk of developing acute cholecystitis, acute cholangitis, and biliary pancreatitis. As can be expected, these complications burden health care systems because of their invasive nature and surgical cost. Factors that contribute to gallstone formation include supersaturation of cholesterol in bile, gallbladder hypomotility, destabilization of bile by kinetic protein factors, and abnormal mucins. Epidemiologic studies have implicated multiple environmental factors and some common genetic elements in gallstone formation. Genetic factors that influence gallstone formation have been elaborated from linkage studies of twins, families, and ethnicities. Accumulating evidence suggests that genetic factors play a role in GSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chang Chuang
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Krawczyk M, Miquel JF, Stokes CS, Zuniga S, Hampe J, Mittal B, Lammert F. Genetics of biliary lithiasis from an ethnic perspective. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2013; 37:119-25. [PMID: 23340007 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Gallstone disease represents one of the most common gastroenterological disorders worldwide. Gallstones affect over 15% of adults in Europe and 25-30% of Hispanic populations in Central and South America. The heritability of gallstones varies considerably according to ethnicity, with Native Americans and Hispanics with Amerindian admixture being the most susceptible populations. Genetic factors have been shown to account for 25-30% of total gallstone risk in Europe, however, in Hispanic populations, this risk percentage may increase to 45-65%. Recent genome-wide association and candidate gene studies have identified common polymorphisms in enterohepatic transporters (ABCG5/8, SLC10A2) and the Gilbert syndrome UGT1A1 variant as genetic determinants of gallstone formation. Together, these polymorphisms cover a significant proportion of the previously predicted genetic background of gallstones in European populations. New lithogenic genes need to be discovered in future studies in high-risk populations. In this review, we address the latest developments in the genetic analysis of gallstones and discuss the ethnic background of this condition in European, Central and South American and Asian populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Krawczyk
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Although disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) has been implicated in many psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder and major depression, its biological role in these disorders is unclear. To better understand this gene and its role in psychiatric disease, we conducted transcriptional profiling and genome-wide association analysis in 1232 pedigreed Mexican-American individuals for whom we have neuroanatomic images, neurocognitive assessments and neuropsychiatric diagnoses. SOLAR was used to determine heritability, identify gene expression patterns and perform association analyses on 188 quantitative brain-related phenotypes. We found that the DISC1 transcript is highly heritable (h(2)=0.50; P=1.97 × 10(-22)), and that gene expression is strongly cis-regulated (cis-LOD=3.89) but is also influenced by trans-effects. We identified several DISC1 polymorphisms that were associated with cortical gray matter thickness within the parietal, temporal and frontal lobes. Associated regions affiliated with memory included the entorhinal cortex (rs821639, P=4.11 × 10(-5); rs2356606, P=4.71 × 10(-4)), cingulate cortex (rs16856322, P=2.88 × 10(-4)) and parahippocampal gyrus (rs821639, P=4.95 × 10(-4)); those affiliated with executive and other cognitive processing included the transverse temporal gyrus (rs9661837, P=5.21 × 10(-4); rs17773946, P=6.23 × 10(-4)), anterior cingulate cortex (rs2487453, P=4.79 × 10(-4); rs3738401, P=5.43 × 10(-4)) and medial orbitofrontal cortex (rs9661837; P=7.40 × 10(-4)). Cognitive measures of working memory (rs2793094, P=3.38 × 10(-4)), as well as lifetime history of depression (rs4658966, P=4.33 × 10(-4); rs12137417, P=4.93 × 10(-4)) and panic (rs12137417, P=7.41 × 10(-4)) were associated with DISC1 sequence variation. DISC1 has well-defined genetic regulation and clearly influences important phenotypes related to psychiatric disease.
Collapse
|
12
|
Olvera RL, Bearden CE, Velligan DI, Almasy L, Carless MA, Curran JE, Williamson DE, Duggirala R, Blangero J, Glahn DC. Common genetic influences on depression, alcohol, and substance use disorders in Mexican-American families. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2011; 156B:561-8. [PMID: 21557468 PMCID: PMC3112290 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Multiple genetic and environmental factors influence the risk for both major depression and alcohol/substance use disorders. In addition, there is evidence that these illnesses share genetic factors. Although, the heritability of these illnesses is well established, relatively few studies have focused on ethnic minority populations. Here, we document the prevalence, heritability, and genetic correlations between major depression and alcohol and drug disorders in a large, community-ascertained sample of Mexican-American families. A total of 1,122 Mexican-American individuals from 71 extended pedigrees participated in the study. All subjects received in-person psychiatric interviews. Heritability, genetic, and environmental correlations were estimated using SOLAR. Thirty-five percent of the sample met criteria for DSM-IV lifetime major depression, 34% met lifetime criteria for alcohol use disorders, and 8% met criteria for lifetime drug use disorders. The heritability for major depression was estimated to be h(2) = 0.393 (P = 3.7 × 10(-6)). Heritability estimates were higher for recurrent depression (h(2) = 0.463, P = 4.0 × 10(-6)) and early onset depression (h(2) = 0.485, P = 8.5 × 10(-5)). While the genetic correlation between major depression and alcohol use disorders was significant (ρ(g) = 0.58, P = 7 × 10(-3)), the environmental correlation between these traits was not significant. Although, there is evidence for increased rates of depression and substance use in US-born individuals of Mexican ancestry, our findings indicate that genetic control over major depression and alcohol/substance use disorders in the Mexican-American population is similar to that reported in other populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R L Olvera
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jaime SC, Maribel AM, Eliakym AM, José RN, Julio G, Laura SM, Rosalío RP. ApoB-100, ApoE and CYP7A1 gene polymorphisms in Mexican patients with cholesterol gallstone disease. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:4685-90. [PMID: 20872969 PMCID: PMC2951519 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i37.4685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the possible association of the ApoB-100 (XbaI), ApoE (HhaI) and CYP7A1 (BsaI) gene polymorphisms, with the development of cholesterol gallstone disease (GD) in a Mexican population.
METHODS: The polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism, in two groups matched by ethnicity, age and sex: patients with GD (n = 101) and stone-free control subjects (n = 101).
RESULTS: Allelic frequencies in patients and controls were: 34.16% vs 41.58% (P = 0.124) for X+ of ApoB-100; 4.46% vs 5.94% (P = 0.501) for E2, 85.64% vs 78.22% (P = 0.052) for E3, 9.90% vs 15.84% (P = 0.075) for E4 of ApoE; and 25.74% vs 27.72% (P = 0.653) for C of CYP7A1. Differences in genotypic frequencies between the studied groups were not significant (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: These results demonstrated that no association exists between the studied polymorphisms and cholelithiasis in this high prevalent population.
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang HH, Portincasa P, Afdhal NH, Wang DQH. Lith genes and genetic analysis of cholesterol gallstone formation. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2010; 39:185-207, vii-viii. [PMID: 20478482 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2010.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic investigations, clinical observations, and family and twin studies in humans, as well as gallstone prevalence investigations in inbred mouse models, support the concept that cholesterol cholelithiasis could result from a complex interaction of environmental factors and the effects of multiple undetermined genes. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis is a powerful genetic method for identifying primary rate-limiting genetic defects and discriminating them from secondary downstream lithogenic effects caused by mutations of the primary genes, and the subsequent positional cloning of such genes responsible for QTLs, followed by the use of manufactured mouse strains with "knockout" or "knockin" of the genes, could lead to the discovery of lithogenic actions of gallstone (LITH) genes. The combined use of genomic strategies and phenotypic studies in inbred strains of mice has successfully resulted in the identification of many candidate LITH genes. Because there is exceptionally close homology between mouse and human genomes, the orthologous human LITH genes can be identified from the mouse study. The discovery of LITH genes and more fundamental knowledge concerning the genetic determinants and molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of cholesterol gallstones in humans will pave the way for critical diagnostic and prelithogenic preventive measures for this exceptionally prevalent digestive disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen H Wang
- Liver Center and Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Gallstone disease is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders. In addition, the costs associated with the diagnosis and treatment of gallstone disease have been rapidly increasing. The etiology and pathogenesis of gallstone disease remains incompletely understood. Gallstone formation may result from a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. This article reviews the prevalence and risk factors associated with gallstone disease. Understanding the pathogenesis of gallstone disease could lead to the development of better therapeutic and preventive strategies for dealing with this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hyung Yoo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Samudrala N, Farook VS, Dodd GD, Puppala S, Schneider J, Fowler S, Granato R, Dyer TD, Arya R, Almasy L, Jenkinson CP, Diehl AK, Blangero J, Duggirala R. Autosomal Genome-Wide Linkage Analysis to Identify Loci for Gallbladder Wall Thickness in Mexican Americans. Hum Biol 2008; 80:11-28. [DOI: 10.3378/1534-6617(2008)80[11:aglati]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
17
|
Katsika D, Tuvblad C, Einarsson C, Lichtenstein P, Marschall HU. Body mass index, alcohol, tobacco and symptomatic gallstone disease: a Swedish twin study. J Intern Med 2007; 262:581-7. [PMID: 17908165 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01860.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Both genetic and environmental factors are involved in the pathogenesis of gallstone disease (GD). We aimed to examine the association between symptomatic GD and overweight (body mass index, BMI, 25-30 kg m(-2)), obesity (BMI > 30 kg m(-2)), alcohol, smoking and smoke-free tobacco by analysing a large twin population. METHODS The Swedish Twin Registry (STR) was linked to the Swedish Hospital Discharge and Causes of Death Registries for GD and GD-surgery related diagnoses. Weight, height, use of alcohol, smoking and smoke-free tobacco were provided by STR and analysed for possible associations by conditional logistic regression. RESULTS Overweight and obesity were associated with a significantly higher risk for symptomatic GD in the whole study population (OR 1.86 and OR 3.38; CI: 1.52-2.28 and 2.28-5.02 respectively). High alcohol consumption was associated with a lower risk for GD in the whole population (OR 0.62; CI: 0.51-0.74) with no difference between discordant monozygotic and dizygotic twins (OR 1.08 and OR 0.96; CI: 0.82-1.42 and 0.79-1.16). Smoking or smoke-free tobacco was not correlated with GD. CONCLUSION Consistent with epidemiological studies, we found positive associations between BMI and the development of symptomatic GD. High alcohol consumption was associated with a decreased risk against GD. Tobacco use has no impact on GD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Katsika
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Buch S, Schafmayer C, Völzke H, Becker C, Franke A, von Eller-Eberstein H, Kluck C, Bässmann I, Brosch M, Lammert F, Miquel JF, Nervi F, Wittig M, Rosskopf D, Timm B, Höll C, Seeger M, ElSharawy A, Lu T, Egberts J, Fändrich F, Fölsch UR, Krawczak M, Schreiber S, Nürnberg P, Tepel J, Hampe J. A genome-wide association scan identifies the hepatic cholesterol transporter ABCG8 as a susceptibility factor for human gallstone disease. Nat Genet 2007; 39:995-9. [PMID: 17632509 DOI: 10.1038/ng2101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2007] [Accepted: 06/12/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With an overall prevalence of 10-20%, gallstone disease (cholelithiasis) represents one of the most frequent and economically relevant health problems of industrialized countries. We performed an association scan of >500,000 SNPs in 280 individuals with gallstones and 360 controls. A follow-up study of the 235 most significant SNPs in 1,105 affected individuals and 873 controls replicated the disease association of SNP A-1791411 in ABCG8 (allelic P value P(CCA) = 4.1 x 10(-9)), which was subsequently attributed to coding variant rs11887534 (D19H). Additional replication was achieved in 728 German (P = 2.8 x 10(-7)) and 167 Chilean subjects (P = 0.02). The overall odds ratio for D19H carriership was 2.2 (95% confidence interval: 1.8-2.6, P = 1.4 x 10(-14)) in the full German sample. Association was stronger in subjects with cholesterol gallstones (odds ratio = 3.3), suggesting that His19 might be associated with a more efficient transport of cholesterol into the bile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Buch
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Gallstone disease is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal diseases with a substantial burden to health care systems that is supposed to increase in ageing populations at risk. Aetiology and pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstones still are not well defined, and strategies for prevention and efficient nonsurgical therapies are missing. This review summarizes current concepts on the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstones with focus on the uptake and secretion of biliary lipids and special emphasis on recent studies into the genetic background.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H-U Marschall
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lyons MA, Wittenburg H. Cholesterol gallstone susceptibility loci: a mouse map, candidate gene evaluation, and guide to human LITH genes. Gastroenterology 2006; 131:1943-70. [PMID: 17087948 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2006] [Accepted: 08/15/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm A Lyons
- Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Perth, Australia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gallbladder disease is a leading nonobstetrical cause for hospitalization in the first year postpartum. The aim of this study was to define the incidence and risk factors for postpartum hospitalization as a result of gallstone-related disease. METHODS We identified 6,670 women with discharge diagnoses related to biliary disease from linked birth certificate and hospital discharge databases for Washington State from 1987 through 2001. Cases were women with gallstone-related diagnoses at delivery or as primary diagnosis in the postpartum. Four controls who were within 1 yr postpartum were randomly selected for each case and matched for year of delivery. From the birth certificates, we obtained data about patient demographics, reproductive history, and pregnancy-related risk factors. In a retrospective case-control study, we developed multiple logistic regression models to identify independent risk factors for hospitalization. RESULTS We identified 6,211 women as cases (0.5% of all births) during the study period. The median time to hospitalization was 95 days (interquartile range 46-191 days), with a median length of stay of 3 days. Seventy-six percent were diagnosed with uncomplicated cholelithiasis, 16% with pancreatitis, 9% with acute cholecystitis, and 8% with cholangitis. Seventy-three percent of hospitalized women underwent cholecystectomy, and 5% underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). On multivariate analysis, independent risk factors for hospitalization included maternal race, age, being overweight or obese prepregnancy, pregnancy weight gain, and estimated gestational age. CONCLUSIONS Hospitalization for gallstone-related disease is common in the first year postpartum, most commonly for uncomplicated cholelithiasis. Risk factors for hospitalization include prepregnancy body mass index, race, Hispanic ethnicity, and maternal age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia W Ko
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Puppala S, Dodd GD, Fowler S, Arya R, Schneider J, Farook VS, Granato R, Dyer TD, Almasy L, Jenkinson CP, Diehl AK, Stern MP, Blangero J, Duggirala R. A genomewide search finds major susceptibility loci for gallbladder disease on chromosome 1 in Mexican Americans. Am J Hum Genet 2006; 78:377-92. [PMID: 16400619 PMCID: PMC1380282 DOI: 10.1086/500274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2005] [Accepted: 11/16/2005] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder disease (GBD) is one of the major digestive diseases. Its risk factors include age, sex, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome (MS). The prevalence of GBD is high in minority populations, such as Native and Mexican Americans. Ethnic differences, familial aggregation of GBD, and the identification of susceptibility loci for gallstone disease by use of animal models suggest genetic influences on GBD. However, the major susceptibility loci for GBD in human populations have not been identified. Using ultrasound-based information on GBD occurrence and a 10-cM gene map, we performed multipoint variance-components analysis to localize susceptibility loci for GBD. Phenotypic and genotypic data from 715 individuals in 39 low-income Mexican American families participating in the San Antonio Family Diabetes/Gallbladder Study were used. Two GBD phenotypes were defined for the analyses: (1) clinical or symptomatic GBD, the cases of cholecystectomies due to stones confirmed by ultrasound, and (2) total GBD, the clinical GBD cases plus the stone carriers newly diagnosed by ultrasound. With use of the National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, five MS risk factors were defined: increased waist circumference, hypertriglyceredemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertension, and high fasting glucose. The MS risk-factor score (range 0-5) for a given individual was used as a single, composite covariate in the genetic analyses. After accounting for the effects of age, sex, and MS risk-factor score, we found stronger linkage signals for the symptomatic GBD phenotype. The highest LOD scores (3.7 and 3.5) occurred on chromosome 1p between markers D1S1597 and D1S407 (1p36.21) and near marker D1S255 (1p34.3), respectively. Other genetic locations (chromosomes 2p, 3q, 4p, 8p, 9p, 10p, and 16q) across the genome exhibited some evidence of linkage (LOD >or=1.2) to symptomatic GBD. Some of these chromosomal regions corresponded with the genetic locations of Lith loci, which influence gallstone formation in mouse models. In conclusion, we found significant evidence of major genetic determinants of symptomatic GBD on chromosome 1p in Mexican Americans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sobha Puppala
- Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX 78245-0549, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Grünhage F, Lammert F. Gallstone disease. Pathogenesis of gallstones: A genetic perspective. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2006; 20:997-1015. [PMID: 17127184 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2006.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cholelithiasis is one of the most prevalent gastroenterological diseases, imposing a huge economic burden on health-care systems. Gallbladder stones form when the concentration of cholesterol or bilirubin exceeds the solubility in the bile salt and phospholipid-rich bile. The physiology of biliary lipid secretion by a number of specialized transport proteins has recently been elucidated, and underlying genetic defects in these proteins have been identified as susceptibility factors for gallstone disease. Recent studies of identical twins and family strongly support the idea of a genetic component to gallstone disease. Epidemiological studies in high-risk populations indicate that gallstone formation is caused by multiple environmental influences and common genetic factors and their interactions. Monogenic subtypes of cholelithiasis, such as biliary lipid transporter deficiencies, appear to be rare. The characterization of lithogenic genes in knockout and transgenic mice, and the identification of many gallstone susceptibility loci in inbred mice, provide the basis for studies of the corresponding genes in patients with gallstones. The transfer of findings from mouse genetics to the bedside might lead to new strategies for individual risk assessment and reveal molecular targets for the development of new treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Grünhage
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wilborn C, Beckham J, Campbell B, Harvey T, Galbreath M, La Bounty P, Nassar E, Wismann J, Kreider R. Obesity: prevalence, theories, medical consequences, management, and research directions. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2005; 2:4-31. [PMID: 18500955 PMCID: PMC2129146 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-2-2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2005] [Accepted: 09/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its associated disorders are a growing epidemic across the world. Many genetic, physiological, and behavioral factors play a role in the etiology of obesity. Diet and exercise are known to play a valuable role in the treatment and prevention of obesity and associated disorders such as hypertension, heart disease, and diabetes. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to examine the prevalence, etiology, consequences, and treatment of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin Wilborn
- Exercise and Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Baylor University, Waco, TX.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lammert F, Sauerbruch T. Mechanisms of disease: the genetic epidemiology of gallbladder stones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 2:423-33. [PMID: 16265433 DOI: 10.1038/ncpgasthep0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2005] [Accepted: 08/01/2005] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cholelithiasis is one of the most prevalent and most expensive gastroenterologic diseases. It belongs to the group of complex metabolic disorders that affect humans, and its critical pathogenic mechanisms are not well defined. As a result, primary or secondary prevention strategies are sparse, and the only effective treatment is cholecystectomy. Here we provide an update on the molecular pathogenesis of gallbladder stones, evidence supporting the hypothesis that genetic factors are key elements predisposing to gallstones, and progress in human genetic studies of cholesterol stones. Data from recent identical twin, family and linkage studies provide conclusive evidence for a strong genetic component to gallstone disease. Furthermore, epidemiologic studies in at-risk populations indicate that gallstone formation is caused by multiple environmental influences and common genetic factors and their interactions. By contrast, monogenic subtypes of cholelithiasis, such as ATP-binding-cassette transporter deficiencies, appear to be rare. The summary of human association studies illustrates that distinct common gene variants might contribute to gallstone formation in different ethnic groups. The characterization of lithogenic genes in knockout and transgenic mice and the identification of many gallstone-susceptibility loci in inbred mice provide the basis for studies of the corresponding genes in patients with gallstones. The transfer of findings from mouse genetics to the bedside might lead to new strategies for individual risk assessment and reveal novel molecular targets for prevention and medical therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Lammert
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Méndez-Sánchez N, Bermejo-Martínez LB, Viñals Y, Chavez-Tapia NC, Vander Graff I, Ponciano-Rodríguez G, Ramos MH, Uribe M. Serum leptin levels and insulin resistance are associated with gallstone disease in overweight subjects. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:6182-7. [PMID: 16273647 PMCID: PMC4436637 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i39.6182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To establish an association between the serum leptin levels and the development of gallstone disease (GD).
METHODS: We carried out a non-matched case-controlled study in a university hospital in Mexico City. Two hundred and eighty-seven subjects were included: 97 cases with gallstones and 190 controls. Body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma leptin, insulin, serum lipid, and lipoprotein levels were measured. Insulin resistance was calculated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Unconditional logistic regression analysis (univariate and multivariate) stratified by BMI was used to calculate the risk of GD.
RESULTS: The multivariate conditional regression analysis revealed a model for those patients with BMI <30. The selected variables in the model were HOMA-IR index with OR = 1.31, P = 0.02 and leptin higher than median with OR = 2.11, P = 0.05. In the stratum of BMI ≥30, we did not find a useful model.
CONCLUSION: We concluded that insulin resistance and the development of GD appears to be associated with serum leptin levels in subjects with overweight, but not in obese subjects with similar metabolic profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahum Méndez-Sánchez
- Departments of Biomedical Research, Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Medica Sur Clinic and Foundation, Puente de Piedra 150, Col. Toriello Guerra, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Katsika D, Grjibovski A, Einarsson C, Lammert F, Lichtenstein P, Marschall HU. Genetic and environmental influences on symptomatic gallstone disease: a Swedish study of 43,141 twin pairs. Hepatology 2005; 41:1138-43. [PMID: 15747383 DOI: 10.1002/hep.20654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of hereditary and environmental factors to the pathogenesis of symptomatic gallstone disease is still unclear. We estimated the relative importance of genetic and environmental factors by analyzing a large population of twins. For this purpose, the Swedish Twin Registry was linked with the Swedish inpatient-discharge and causes of death registries for symptomatic gallstone disease and gallstone surgery-related diagnoses in 43,141 twin pairs born between 1900 and 1958. Concordance rates, correlations, and odds ratios were calculated for males, females, monozygotic, and dizygotic twins, respectively, as well as for twin pairs of opposite sex. Structural equation modeling techniques were used to estimate the contributions of genetic effects as well as shared and non-shared environmental factors to the development of symptomatic gallstone disease. We found that concordances and correlations were higher in monozygotic compared with dizygotic twins, both for males and females. Of note, there were no significant sex differences in heritability. In the full model, genetic effects accounted for 25% (95% CI, 9%-40%), shared environmental effects for 13% (95% CI, 1%-25%), and unique environmental effects for 62% (95% CI, 56%-68%) of the phenotypic variance among twins. In conclusion, our results show heritability to be a major susceptibility factor for symptomatic gallstone disease, consistent with results from previous, much smaller studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Despina Katsika
- Department of Medicine at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
The genetic basis of thrombosis is complex, involving multiple genes and environmental factors. The field of common complex disease genetics has progressed enormously over the past 10 years with the development of powerful new molecular and analytical strategies that enable localization and identification of the causative genetic variants. During the course of these advances, a major paradigmatic change has been taking place that focuses on the genetic analysis of measurable quantitative traits that are correlated with disease risk vs. the previous emphasis on the analysis of the much less informative dichotomous disease trait. Because of their closer proximity to direct gene action, disease-related quantitative phenotypes represent our best chance to identify the underlying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that influence disease susceptibility. This approach works best when data can be collected on extended families. Unfortunately, family-based designs are still relatively rare in thrombosis/hemostasis studies. In this review, we detail the reasons why the field would benefit from a more vigorous pursuit of modern family-based genetic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Blangero
- Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Méndez-Sánchez N, González V, King-Martínez AC, Sánchez H, Uribe M. Plasma leptin and the cholesterol saturation of bile are correlated in obese women after weight loss. J Nutr 2002; 132:2195-8. [PMID: 12163661 DOI: 10.1093/jn/132.8.2195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased cholesterol secretion is a major alteration of biliary function in obese subjects Leptin is a regulator of food intake and is increased in plasma of subjects with low energy expenditure and high adiposity. We investigated the relationship between leptin and the cholesterol saturation of bile in obese women before and after weight reduction by energy restriction (5.02 MJ/d). We studied women (n = 14) with a body mass index (BMI) > or = 30 kg/m(2) who were 35.4 +/- 2.3 y old and who did not have a history of gallstones. They were studied by ultrasound to ensure absence of stones or sludge. BMI, gallbladder bile composition, plasma leptin, serum lipids and lipoproteins cholesterol levels were recorded at baseline and after 6 wk of weight reduction. There were decreases in BMI (33.9 +/- 3.1 to 31.1 +/- 3.6 kg/m(2), P < 0.0001) and leptin levels (16.7 +/- 9.7 to 10.0 +/- 6.7 micro mol/L, P < 0.05) during weight loss. After the experimental period, there were positive correlations between plasma leptin levels and BMI (r = 0.71, P < 0.004); leptin levels and the cholesterol saturation index (CSI) (r = 0.53, P < 0.05); the CSI and LDL cholesterol (r = 0.73, P < 0.003); and negative correlations between leptin levels and HDL cholesterol (r = -0.54, P < 0.05) and LDL cholesterol (r = -0.57, P < 0.03). We have shown relationships among HDL cholesterol, CSI and leptin. This could be useful in understanding the pathophysiology of cholesterol gallstone formation in obese people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahum Méndez-Sánchez
- Department of Biomedical Research, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bouchard G, Johnson D, Carver T, Paigen B, Carey MC. Cholesterol gallstone formation in overweight mice establishes that obesity per se is not linked directly to cholelithiasis risk. J Lipid Res 2002; 43:1105-13. [PMID: 12091495 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m200102-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between obesity and cholesterol cholelithiasis is not well understood at physiologic or genetic levels. To clarify whether obesity per se leads to increased prevalence of cholelithiasis, we examined cholesterol gallstone susceptibility in three polygenic (KK/H1J, NON/LtJ, NOD/LtJ) and five monogenic [carboxypeptidase E (Cpe (fat)), agouti yellow (A(y)), tubby (tub), leptin (Lep(ob)), leptin receptor (Lepr (db))] murine models of obesity during ingestion of a lithogenic diet containing dairy fat, cholesterol, and cholic acid. At 8 weeks on the diet, one strain of polygenic obese mice was resistant whereas the others revealed low or intermediate prevalence rates of cholelithiasis. Monogenic obese mice showed distinct patterns with either high or low gallstone prevalence rates depending upon the mutation. Dysfunction of the leptin axis, as evidenced by the Lep(ob) and the Lepr (db) mutations, markedly reduced gallstone formation in a genetically susceptible background strain, indicating that in mice with this genetic background, physiologic leptin homeostasis is a requisite for cholesterol cholelithogenesis. In contrast, the Cpe (fat) mutation enhanced the prevalence of cholelithiasis markedly when compared with the background strain. Since CPE converts many prohormones to hormones, a deficiency of biologically active cholecystokinin is a likely contributor to enhanced susceptibility to cholelithiasis through compromising gallbladder contractility and small intestinal motility. Because some murine models of obesity increased, whereas others decreased cholesterol gallstone susceptibility, we establish that cholesterol cholelithiasis in mice is not simply a secondary consequence of obesity per se. Rather, specific genes and distinct pathophysiological pathways are responsible for the shared susceptibility to both of these common diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guylaine Bouchard
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Digestive Diseases Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Nakeeb A, Comuzzie AG, Martin L, Sonnenberg GE, Swartz-Basile D, Kissebah AH, Pitt HA. Gallstones: genetics versus environment. Ann Surg 2002; 235:842-9. [PMID: 12035041 PMCID: PMC1422514 DOI: 10.1097/00000658-200206000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine if a significant genetic component contributes to the pathogenesis of symptomatic gallstones. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Gallstones represent a polygenic disorder that affects more than 30,000,000 Americans and results in more than 750,000 cholecystectomies in the United States annually. Risk factors include age, gender, race, parity, obesity, and diabetes. A family history of gallstones also has been identified as a risk factor suggesting that genetics play a role in gallstone formation. However, the role of genetics in the pathogenesis of gallstone formation has not been determined. METHODS A gallbladder disease-specific questionnaire was administered to 904 healthy unrelated adult volunteers (association study). The questionnaire ascertained a history of cholecystectomy and gallstone disease in first-degree relatives, as well as medical history, demographic, and anthropometric data. A logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors for symptomatic gallstone disease in a multivariate analysis. A maximum likelihood based variance decomposition approach was then used in 1,038 individuals from 358 families (family study) to estimate the additive genetic heritability of symptomatic gallstone disease. RESULTS In the association study significant risk factors for symptomatic gallstone disease were female gender (relative risk 8.8, P <.003), obesity (BMI > 30, relative risk 3.7, P <.001), age > 50 (relative risk 2.5, P <.001), and a positive family history of previous cholecystectomy in a first-degree family member (relative risk 2.2, P <.01). In the family study the additive genetic heritability of symptomatic gallstones was 29% (P <.02), age and gender were significant covariates and explained 9.3% of the phenotypic variation in gallbladder disease. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that genetic factors are responsible for at least 30% of symptomatic gallstone disease. However, the true role of heredity in gallstone pathogenesis is probably higher because data based on symptomatic gallbladder disease underestimates the true prevalence in the population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Attila Nakeeb
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
VanPatten S, Ranginani N, Shefer S, Nguyen LB, Rossetti L, Cohen DE. Impaired biliary lipid secretion in obese Zucker rats: leptin promotes hepatic cholesterol clearance. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2001; 281:G393-404. [PMID: 11447020 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.2001.281.2.g393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Human obesity is associated with elevated plasma leptin levels. Obesity is also an important risk factor for cholesterol gallstones, which form as a result of cholesterol hypersecretion into bile. Because leptin levels are correlated with gallstone prevalence, we explored the effects of acute leptin administration on biliary cholesterol secretion using lean (FA/-) and obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats. Zucker (fa/fa) rats become obese and hyperleptinemic due to homozygosity for a missense mutation in the leptin receptor, which diminishes but does not completely eliminate responsiveness to leptin. Rats were infused intravenously for 12 h with saline or pharmacological doses of recombinant murine leptin (5 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1)) sufficient to elevate plasma leptin concentrations to 500 ng/ml compared with basal levels of 3 and 70 ng/ml in lean and obese rats, respectively. Obesity was associated with a marked impairment in biliary cholesterol secretion. In biles of obese compared with lean rats, bile salt hydrophobicity was decreased whereas phosphatidylcholine hydrophobicity was increased. High-dose leptin partially normalized cholesterol secretion in obese rats without altering lipid compositions, implying that both chronic effects of obesity and relative resistance to leptin contributed to impaired biliary cholesterol elimination. In lean rats, acute leptin administration increased biliary cholesterol secretion rates. Without affecting hepatic cholesterol contents, leptin downregulated hepatic activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, upregulated activities of both sterol 27-hydroxylase and cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase, and lowered plasma very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. Increased biliary cholesterol secretion in the setting of decreased cholesterol biosynthesis and increased catabolism to bile salts suggests that leptin promotes elimination of plasma cholesterol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S VanPatten
- Department of Biochemistry, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Souto JC, Almasy L, Borrell M, Blanco-Vaca F, Mateo J, Soria JM, Coll I, Felices R, Stone W, Fontcuberta J, Blangero J. Genetic susceptibility to thrombosis and its relationship to physiological risk factors: the GAIT study. Genetic Analysis of Idiopathic Thrombophilia. Am J Hum Genet 2000; 67:1452-9. [PMID: 11038326 PMCID: PMC1287922 DOI: 10.1086/316903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2000] [Accepted: 10/09/2000] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there are a number of well-characterized genetic defects that lead to increased risk of thrombosis, little information is available on the relative importance of genetic factors in thrombosis risk in the general population. We performed a family-based study of the genetics of thrombosis in the Spanish population to assess the heritability of thrombosis and to identify the joint actions of genes on thrombosis risk and related quantitative hemostasis phenotypes. We examined 398 individuals in 21 extended pedigrees. Twelve pedigrees were ascertained through a proband with idiopathic thrombosis, and the remaining pedigrees were randomly ascertained. The heritability of thrombosis liability and the genetic correlations between thrombosis and each of the quantitative risk factors were estimated by means of a novel variance component method that used a multivariate threshold model. More than 60% of the variation in susceptibility to common thrombosis is attributable to genetic factors. Several quantitative risk factors exhibited significant genetic correlations with thrombosis, indicating that some of the genes that influence quantitative variation in these physiological correlates also influence the risk of thrombosis. Traits that exhibited significant genetic correlations with thrombosis included levels of several coagulation factors (factors VII, VIII, IX, XI, XII, and von Willebrand), tissue plasminogen activator, homocysteine, and the activated protein C ratio. This is the first study that quantifies the genetic component of susceptibility to common thrombosis. The high heritability of thrombosis risk and the significant genetic correlations between thrombosis and related risk factors suggest that the exploitation of correlated quantitative phenotypes will aid the search for susceptibility genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Souto
- Unitat de Trombosi i Hemostasia, Departament d’Hematologia, and Servei de Bioquimica i Institut de Recerca, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona; and Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, and Department of Biology, Trinity University, San Antonio
| | - Laura Almasy
- Unitat de Trombosi i Hemostasia, Departament d’Hematologia, and Servei de Bioquimica i Institut de Recerca, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona; and Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, and Department of Biology, Trinity University, San Antonio
| | - Montserrat Borrell
- Unitat de Trombosi i Hemostasia, Departament d’Hematologia, and Servei de Bioquimica i Institut de Recerca, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona; and Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, and Department of Biology, Trinity University, San Antonio
| | - Francisco Blanco-Vaca
- Unitat de Trombosi i Hemostasia, Departament d’Hematologia, and Servei de Bioquimica i Institut de Recerca, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona; and Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, and Department of Biology, Trinity University, San Antonio
| | - José Mateo
- Unitat de Trombosi i Hemostasia, Departament d’Hematologia, and Servei de Bioquimica i Institut de Recerca, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona; and Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, and Department of Biology, Trinity University, San Antonio
| | - José Manuel Soria
- Unitat de Trombosi i Hemostasia, Departament d’Hematologia, and Servei de Bioquimica i Institut de Recerca, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona; and Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, and Department of Biology, Trinity University, San Antonio
| | - Inma Coll
- Unitat de Trombosi i Hemostasia, Departament d’Hematologia, and Servei de Bioquimica i Institut de Recerca, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona; and Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, and Department of Biology, Trinity University, San Antonio
| | - Rosa Felices
- Unitat de Trombosi i Hemostasia, Departament d’Hematologia, and Servei de Bioquimica i Institut de Recerca, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona; and Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, and Department of Biology, Trinity University, San Antonio
| | - William Stone
- Unitat de Trombosi i Hemostasia, Departament d’Hematologia, and Servei de Bioquimica i Institut de Recerca, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona; and Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, and Department of Biology, Trinity University, San Antonio
| | - Jordi Fontcuberta
- Unitat de Trombosi i Hemostasia, Departament d’Hematologia, and Servei de Bioquimica i Institut de Recerca, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona; and Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, and Department of Biology, Trinity University, San Antonio
| | - John Blangero
- Unitat de Trombosi i Hemostasia, Departament d’Hematologia, and Servei de Bioquimica i Institut de Recerca, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona; and Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, and Department of Biology, Trinity University, San Antonio
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Han T, Jiang Z, Suo G, Zhang S. Apolipoprotein B-100 gene Xba I polymorphism and cholesterol gallstone disease. Clin Genet 2000; 57:304-8. [PMID: 10845572 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2000.570410.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The apolipoprotein (apo) B gene Xba I polymorphism is associated with alterations in serum lipids. Disturbances in serum lipids may be a risk factor for cholesterol gallstone disease. However, the relation between the Xba I polymorphism and cholesterol gallstones is unknown. This study was aimed at characterizing the polymorphism of the apo B gene Xba I in patients with gallbladder stones and the association of Xba I polymorphism with serum lipids. Xba I genotypes were measured by PCR-RFLP, and serum lipids assayed in 190 patients with gallbladder stones and 441 control subjects. The frequency of the X+/- genotype (20.63 vs. 7.94%) and X+ allele (10.79 vs. 3.97%) was significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group. Patients with the X+/- genotype had a significantly higher concentration of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and apo B in serum than patients with the X-/- genotype. The X+ allele of the apo B gene is characterized by a higher cholesterol concentration and a higher LDL-cholesterol concentration in serum, and it may be a marker for increased risk of cholesterol gallstone disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Han
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|