1
|
Ioannou PV. Trithioarsenites [(RS)3As], dithioarsonites [R-As(SR′)2] and thioarsinites [R2As-SR′]: Preparations, chemical, biochemical and biological properties. MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/mgc-210154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Contrary to P(V) compounds, As(V) compounds can very easily reduced by thiols to As(III) thiolates that are deemed to play a central role in the metabolism of arsenic and therefore a review on the preparation and properties of the title thiolates can be of interest. The preparation of trithioarsenites, dithioarsonites and thioarsinites involves reactions of a thiol with a proper As(V) or As(III) precursor via 4-centered transition states or a thiolate by SN2 mechanisms. Convenient precursors are the solids As2O3, arsonic and arsinic acids, although for the latter two acids the separation of the product from the co-produced disulfides can be problematic. Only a few crystal structures have been reported and involve only trithioarsenites. From their chemical properties, the hydrolyses, transthiolations and air oxidations are of particular interest from mechanistic and biochemical/biological points of view. Their nucleophilicity towards alkyl halides and acyl derivatives revealed unexpected behavior. Although these molecules have many free electron pairs only three reports were found pertaining to their reaction with metal cations (Hg2+) and metal carbonyls; the mercuric complexes being not characterized. Only a few studies appeared for the action of the title compounds towards enzymes, while the patent literature revealed that they have bactericidal, fungicidal and insecticidal activities for agricultural applications, some have antiparasitic activity on animals and a few are carcinostatic.
Collapse
|
2
|
Tay WS, Pullarkat SA. C-As Bond Formation Reactions for the Preparation of Organoarsenic(III) Compounds. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:2428-2436. [PMID: 32592284 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Potential widespread applications of organoarsenic chemistry have been limited by the inherent lack of safe and effective As-C bond formation reactions. Several alternative reagents and methods have been developed in the last few decades to address the hazards and drawbacks associated with traditional arsenic synthetic strategies. Herein, this minireview summarizes the advances made in nucleophilic, electrophilic, radical and metal-mediated As(III)-C bond formations while specifically highlighting the behavior of arsenic synthons with various well-established reagents (eg. Grignard reagents, organolithium compounds, organometallic reagents, radical initiators and Lewis/Brønsted bases). Avenues for asymmetric synthesis are also discussed, as are recent advances in organoarsenic chemistry suggesting that arsines exhibit novel reactivities independent from that of other relatively more well explored Group V cogeners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wee Shan Tay
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Sumod A Pullarkat
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ioannou PV, Vachliotis DG. The reaction of L-cysteine, L-cysteine hydrochloride and glutathione with arsonolipids (2,3-diacyloxypropylarsonic acids) and their arsenoso derivatives. MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/mgc-190794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
4
|
Ioannou PV, Vachliotis DG, Kouli O. The reaction of propargyl chloride with As(III) and S(IV) nucleophiles. MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/mgc-180761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ourania Kouli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ioannou PV. Arsonolipids, pseudo arsonolipids, arsinolipids and arsonoliposomes: Preparations, biophysical, biochemical and biological aspects. MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.3233/mgc-180255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
6
|
Ioannou PV, Tsivgoulis GM. The reduction of p-arsanilic acid (p-aminophenylarsonic acid) to its arsonous acid or arsine oxide: A case study. MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.3233/mgc-150167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
7
|
Gregson AM, Wales SM, Bailey SJ, Keller PA. Arsenous chloride-free synthesis of cyclic tertiary organoarsines from arylarsine oxides and di-Grignard reagents. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
8
|
Ioannou PV, Tsivgoulis GM. The reaction of dithioerythritol and dithiothreitol with As(III), Sb(III), and Bi(III) compounds. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-014-1328-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
9
|
Thiolates of arsenic(III), antimony(III), and bismuth(III) with dl-α-dihydrolipoic acid. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-014-1186-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
10
|
Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Design of functionalized nanoparticles for the applications in nanobiotechnology. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
11
|
Minehara H, Narita A, Naka K, Tanaka K, Chujo M, Nagao M, Chujo Y. Tumor cell-specific prodrugs using arsonic acid-presenting iron oxide nanoparticles with high sensitivity. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:4675-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
12
|
Minehara H, Naka K, Tanaka K, Narita A, Chujo Y. Arsonic acid-presenting superparamagnetic iron oxide for pH-responsive aggregation under slightly acidic conditions. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:2282-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Revised: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
13
|
Ioannou PV, Afroudakis PA, Siskos MG. Preparation of 2-Picolylarsonic Acid and its Reductive Cleavage by Ascorbic Acid/Iodine and by Thiophenol. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500214875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
14
|
Ioannou PV, Vachliotis DG, Sideris TD. The Other Face of Bunsen's Cacodyl Disulfide, Me2As(S)-S-AsMe2: The Lewis-Base Behaviour Towards Heavy Metal Cations. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200800391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
15
|
A reinvestigation of the synthesis of arsonolipids (2,3-diacyloxypropylarsonic acids). Chem Phys Lipids 2008; 152:113-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2008.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2007] [Revised: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 02/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
16
|
|
17
|
Lloyd NC, Morgan HW, Nicholson BK, Ronimus RS. The composition of Ehrlich's salvarsan: resolution of a century-old debate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 44:941-4. [PMID: 15624113 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200461471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C Lloyd
- Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sideris TD, Ioannou PV. Ascorbic Acid/Iodine and Triphenylphosphine/Iodine as Reducing Agents for the As(V)[dbnd]O Group. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500500272335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
19
|
Lloyd NC, Morgan HW, Nicholson BK, Ronimus RS. The Composition of Ehrlich's Salvarsan: Resolution of a Century-Old Debate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200461471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
20
|
Tsivgoulis GM, Afroudakis PA, Ioannou PV. Preparation of dehydro-l-(+)-ascorbic acid dimer by oxidation of ascorbic acid with arsenic acid/iodine and formation of complexes between arsenious acid and ascorbic acid. J Inorg Biochem 2004; 98:649-56. [PMID: 15041245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2004.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2003] [Revised: 12/22/2003] [Accepted: 01/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid in the presence of a catalytic amount of iodine reduces arsenic acid in methanol giving the arsenious acid bound to the 2-methyl hemi-ketal of dehydroascorbic acid, 5, in 1:1 and in a more stable 2:1 5/As(III) molar ratio. Removal of the As(III) and treating the 2-methyl hemi-ketal of dehydroascorbic acid with refluxing acetonitrile affords the pure, crystalline dehydroascorbic acid dimer in good yields. Ascorbic acid also binds to As(III) of H(3)AsO(3) in a 1:1 and 2:1 ascorbic acid/As(III) molar ratio. The 1:1 complex is not stable and by expulsion of H(3)AsO(3) is transformed to the more stable 2:1 complex. The data do not permit distinguishing the 2:1 complexes between [AsL(2)(H(2)O)](-)H(+) or AsL(LH)(H(2)O) where L is the bis deprotonated and LH is the mono deprotonated 2-methyl hemi-ketal of dehydroascorbic acid or ascorbic acid. The 2:1 ascorbic acid/As(III) complex is oxidized by dioxygen, in a solvent-dependent manner, to dehydroascorbic acid implying dioxygen activation by the bound As(III). With thiophenol the same complex gives quantitatively triphenyl trithioarsenite, As(SPh)(3).
Collapse
|
21
|
Lala MA, Ioannou PV. The reaction of allyl and benzylarsonic acids with thiols: mechanistic aspects and implications for dioxygen activation by trivalent arsenic compounds. J Inorg Biochem 2003; 97:331-9. [PMID: 14568237 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(03)00264-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of allyl and benzylarsonic acids with thiophenol gives not only the expected diphenyl alkyldithioarsonites and diphenyl disulfide but also various other compounds arising from the decomposition at the arsenic(V) oxidation level (the arsonic acids) by thiophenol and at the arsenic(III) oxidation level (mainly the alkyldithioarsonites) by thiophenol and by dissolved dioxygen. The reaction of these arsonic acids with 4-nitrothiophenol, which is not oxidized by dioxygen, revealed that the arsenic(III) of these alkyldithioarsonites is the active atom towards dioxygen. However, the reaction of allyl, benzyl, and 2-picolylarsonic acids with DL-penicillamine gives the expected products with no or very small oxidative decomposition. The decomposition pathways of allyl and benzylarsonic acids were elucidated. The results are briefly discussed in the contexts of the use of arsonic acids in chemotherapy and the ability of arsenic(III) compounds to generate reactive oxygen species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Lala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500, Patras, Greece.
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Devalla S, Feldmann J. Determination of lipid-soluble arsenic species in seaweed-eating sheep from Orkney. Appl Organomet Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
23
|
Ioannou PV. Synthesis of arsinolipids. II. A non-isosteric analogue of fully acylated cardiolipin. Chem Phys Lipids 2002; 117:7-18. [PMID: 12191840 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-3084(02)00009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
2-Hydroxypropane-1,3-bis(arsonic acid) after six successive reactions gives the arsinolipid 2-acyloxy-As, As'-bis[2,3-di(acyloxy)propyl]propane-1,3-diylbis(arsinic acid) in 20-40% overall yields. This arsinolipid is a non-isosteric analogue of the fully acylated cardiolipin. The R- and S-glycidol, used to create the backbone of the lipid, give the optically active RR and SS, respectively, arsinolipids, while the rac-glycidol produces a mixture of diastereomers (a racemic pair, RR and SS, and two meso forms with an RS configuration). Some properties of these arsinolipids are described, from which the most interesting are the facile hydrolysis of the middle acyl group and their tendency to absorb environmental water.
Collapse
|
24
|
Ioannou PV, Siskos MG. Ascorbic acid acts as a hydride donor towards 2-arsonocarboxylic acids. Appl Organomet Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
25
|
|