Synthesis, characterization and aggregation behavior of Ni(II) and Zn(II) phthalocyanines with peripheral monoazacrown ethers

The synthesis of metallo derivatives ( Ni , Zn ) of phthalocyanines (pcs) obtained from 4,5-dicyanobenzomonoazacrown ether substituted with long alkyl chains (5a-d) are described. The new compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, 1 H , 13 C NMR, MS, IR and UV-vis spectroscopy techniques. The aggregation properties and alkali metal interaction of the pcs (6a-d and 7a-d) were investigated.

A career in phthalocyanine chemistry – the Linstead Award 2002

A stroll through memory lane highlighting the author's contributions to phthalocyanines, including synthetic aspects especially of binuclear species, manganese oxygen breathing chemistry, mixed valence species, solution and surface electrochemistry, electrocatalysis, two-electron concerted processes, charge transfer spectroscopy, ligand electrochemical parameter applications and phthalocyanine design.

Both alcohol and halogenated solvents soluble soft-metal sensor functional phthalocyanines: synthesis, electrochemistry, spectroelectrochemistry

In this study, we report a novel both alcohol and haloganated solvent soluble selective ionophore functional ligand and its β-substituted 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetrakis(1-hydroxyhexan-3-ylthio)-phthalocyanines, M { Pc [ S-CH ( CH 2 CH 2 CH 3)( CH 2 CH 2 OH )]4}, (Pc: Phthalocyanine) ( M = Zn , Cu , Co ), where -OH indicates peripheral functionality. Pcs exhibiting both hydrophobic and hydrophilic character were characterized spectroscopically (FT-IR, 1 H and 13 C NMR, MS (MALDI-TOF) and UV-vis), electrochemically and spectroelectrochemically. The complexes were soluble in both polar solvents, such as MeOH and EtOH, and non-polar solvents such as CHCl 3, CH 2 Cl 2, benzene, toluene, and even hexane. Absorption spectral changes of the functional MPcs during addition of AgI and PdII soft-metal ions are evaluated by monomer-oligomer and even polymer formations technique and monitored for in situ monitoring technique in the UV-vis spectroscopy. The binding process results in considerable blue-shift in the absorption spectra of MPcs . According to continuous variation method, the ligand:metal ratio was found ca. 1:1 and 1.5:1 for total concentration of 1.0 × 10-5 M and 7.5 × 10-5 M , respectively. Their electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical studies show that the complexes exhibited stable monoanionic M { Pc [ S-CH ( CH 2 CH 2 CH 3)( CH 2 CH 2 OH )]4}1-, dianionic M { Pc [ S-CH ( CH 2 CH 2 CH 3)( CH 2 CH 2 OH )]4}2- and monocationic M { Pc [ S-CH ( CH 2 CH 2 CH 3)( CH 2 CH 2 OH )]4}1+ species during reduction and oxidation processes.

Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties of a Series of Metal-Free and Metallo-Phthalocyanines Substituted with 8-Quinolinoxy Moieties

Peripherally tetraquinolinoxy-substituted, metal-free phthalocyanines and metallo-phthalocyanines 1c–f, 2c–f have been synthesised by reaction of an inorganic salt with phthalonitriles substituted with 5-(phenylamino)methyl-8-quinolinoxy and 5-[(4-chlorophenylamino)methyl]-8-quinolinoxy groups, respectively. The effects of metal ions [Zn(II), Cu(II), Co(II); N,i(II)], substituent, solvent and concentration on the UV-Vis spectra of these new complexes and their fluorescent properties are also described. The diamagnetic Zn(II) and Ni(II) complexes display intense fluorescence.

Peripheral metal-ion binding to tris(thia-oxo crown) porphyrazines

We report the preparation and solution properties of metal-free [1b(H(2))] and cobalt [1c(Co)] porphyrazines (pz's), where three pyrroles are functionalized with a S(2)O(3) crown ether for metal-ion binding and the fourth pyrrole is appended with two long-chain alcohols (bis((11-hydroxyundecyl)thio)) for potential use as surface anchors. Compounds 1b(H(2) and 1c(Co) exhibit ion-specific optical changes in the presence of Ag(+) and Hg(2+). Binding of Ag(+) to 1b(H(2)) is described by a 1:1 binding isotherm, with K(D) approximately 147 microM, whereas binding of Hg(2+) to 1b(H(2)) appears more complex. For 1c(Co), binding of Ag(+) and Hg(2+) also can be fit to a 1:1 isotherm, with K(D) approximately 109 and 83 microM, respectively. All four titrations show nonisosbesticity, including those apparently describable by the 1:1 isotherm, which indicates that there are intermediate stages as multiple ions bind. Neither 1b(H(2)) or 1c(Co) gives optical responses to Ni(2+), Zn(2+), Pb(2+), or Cu(2+) or to alkali (Li(+), Na(+), K(+), and Cs(+)) and alkaline earth (Mg(2+), Ca(2+), and Ba(2+)) metal ions. Nonetheless, "hard" ions are sensed electrochemically: Na(+) and Li(+) strongly shift the pz/pz(-) couple of 1b(H(2)()) and Co(III)/Co(II) couple of 1c(Co). For the addition of 4 equiv of Li(+) to 1c(Co), the Co(III)/Co(II) shifts +40 mV, and for the addition of 4 equiv of Na(+) to 1c(Co), the shift is +155 mV. The shifted redox waves of 1c(Co) all retain their reversibility. In contrast, for the addition of either 4 equiv of Li(+) or Na(+) to 1b(H(2)), the shifts of the pz/pz(-) couple are essentially the same, approximately 170 mV, and the shifted redox waves become broadened and less reversible, due to ion-induced aggregation. For 1c(Co) the shape of the titration curves [M]/[1b(H(2))] versus E(1/2) is concave to the x-axis, implying cooperative binding of multiple M(+) ions as part of the redox/binding system of equilibria.