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DastAmooz S, Broujeni ST, Sarahian N. A primary study on rat fetal development and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels under the control of electromagnetic fields. J Public Health Afr 2023; 14:2347. [PMID: 37538938 PMCID: PMC10395370 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2023.2347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In previous researches, electromagnetic fields have been shown to adversely affect the behavior and biology of humans and animals; however, body growth and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were not evaluated. Objective The original investigation aimed to examine whether Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) exposure had adverse effects on spatial learning and motor function in rats and if physical activity could diminish the damaging effects of EMF exposure. In this study, we measured anthropometric measurements and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in pregnant rats' offspring to determine if Wi-Fi EMF also affected their growth. These data we report for the first time in this publication. Methods Twenty Albino-Wistar pregnant rats were divided randomly into EMF and control (CON) groups, and after delivery, 12 male fetuses were randomly selected. For assessing the body growth change of offspring beginning at delivery, then at 21 postnatal days, and finally at 56 post-natal days, the crown-rump length of the body was assessed using a digital caliper. Examining BDNF factor levels, an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA kit was taken. Bodyweight was recorded by digital scale. Results Outcomes of the anthropometric measurements demonstrated that EMF blocked body growth in rats exposed to EMF. The results of the BDNF test illustrated that the BDNF in the EMF liter group was remarkably decreased compared to the CON group. The results indicate that EMF exposure could affect BDNF levels and harm body growth in pregnant rats' offspring. Conclusions The results suggest that EMF exposure could affect BDNF levels and impair body growth in pregnant rats' offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima DastAmooz
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Shahzad Tahmasebi Broujeni
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Sarahian
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Recordati C, De Maglie M, Marsella G, Milite G, Rigamonti A, Paltrinieri S, Scanziani E. Long-Term Study on the Effects of Housing C57BL/6NCrl Mice in Cages Equipped With Wireless Technology Generating Extremely Low-Intensity Electromagnetic Fields. Toxicol Pathol 2019; 47:598-611. [PMID: 31117895 DOI: 10.1177/0192623319852353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The recent development of mouse cages equipped with monitoring wireless technology raised questions on the potential effects on animals induced by electromagnetic fields (EMFs) generated by electronic boards positioned underneath the cages. The aims of this study were to characterize the EMF produced by digitally ventilated cages (DVC) and perform a clinicopathological study on mice maintained in DVC for up to 1 year. The EMFs were measured in empty individually ventilated cages (IVC) and DVC. Male (n = 160) and female (n = 160) C57BL/6NCrl mice were randomly housed in IVC and DVC in a single rack, 4 mice per cage. Body weight and food and water consumption were recorded at 14-day intervals. At sacrifice (days 60, 120, 180, and 365), body and testes weight was measured, and necropsy, hematology, bone marrow cytology, histology, and immunohistochemistry for cleaved-caspase 3 on the testes were performed. Digitally ventilated cages produced extremely low-intensity electric fields ranging from 5 Hz to 3 GHz. No exposure-related clinical signs and mortality occurred. Occasional statistical differences in body weight, food and water consumption, hematology, bone marrow, and histopathology were recorded, but considered without biological or clinical relevance. In conclusion, long-term maintenance in DVC had no definite effects on C57BL/6NCrl mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Recordati
- 1 Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory (MAPLab), Fondazione Unimi, Milano, Italy
| | - Marcella De Maglie
- 1 Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory (MAPLab), Fondazione Unimi, Milano, Italy.,2 Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Gerardo Marsella
- 3 Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Rigamonti
- 1 Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory (MAPLab), Fondazione Unimi, Milano, Italy.,2 Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Eugenio Scanziani
- 1 Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory (MAPLab), Fondazione Unimi, Milano, Italy.,2 Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
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Alterations of Hematologic and Hematopoietic Parameters in Mice Exposed to Pulsed Electromagnetic Field. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:3628956. [PMID: 31019981 PMCID: PMC6451797 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3628956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Effects of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) on hematology and hematopoiesis might vary with different PEMF parameters. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible effects of PEMF exposure at different pulses on hematologic and hematopoietic parameters in mice. Groups of male BALB/c mice were whole body exposed or were sham exposed (control) to PEMF at 100, 1000, and 10000 pulses. After PEMF exposure, blood samples and bone marrow cells of mice were collected for hematologic examinations, bone marrow nucleated cell counting, colony-forming units of granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) colony assay, and serum granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) assay. Compared with the control group, white blood cells (WBC) and lymphocytes (LYM) in the 100 and 1000 pulses exposed groups were significantly increased but not changed in the 10000 pulses exposed group. Red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), and platelets (PLT) were not changed in all exposed groups. There was no significant difference in mouse bone marrow nucleated cell number between the control group and each exposed group 7 days after PEMF exposure. The CFU-GM clone number of bone marrow cells and serum GM-CSF level were significantly increased in the 100 and 1000 pulses exposed group but not changed in the 10000 pulses exposed group. Our results indicated that the PEMF exposure at fewer pulses may induce statistically significant alterations in some hematologic and hematopoietic parameters of mice but no changes can be found in the more pulses PEMF-exposed groups.
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Yavaş MC, Akpolat V, Deveci E, Bilgin HM, Kaplan I, Seker U, Yildiz İ, Alkis E, Celik MS, Akdağ MZ. Determining the effect of an electromagnetic field generated by a high voltage power line on rat spermatogonia cells. DICLE MEDICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.5798/dicletip.497923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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DastAmooz S, Tahmasebi Boroujeni S, Shahbazi M, Vali Y. Physical activity as an option to reduce adverse effect of EMF exposure during pregnancy. Int J Dev Neurosci 2018; 71:10-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sima DastAmooz
- Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport SciencesUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Shahzad Tahmasebi Boroujeni
- Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport SciencesUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Mehdi Shahbazi
- Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport SciencesUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Yasamin Vali
- Department of Radiology and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TehranTehranIran
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Pawlak K, Nieckarz Z, Sechman A, Wojtysiak D, Bojarski B, Tombarkiewicz B. Effect of a 1800 MHz electromagnetic field emitted during embryogenesis on chick development and hatchability. Anat Histol Embryol 2018; 47:222-230. [DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Pawlak
- Department of Veterinary Science, Animal Reproduction and Animal Welfare; Institute of Veterinary Sciences; University of Agriculture in Kraków; Kraków Poland
| | - Z. Nieckarz
- Experimental Computer Physics Department; Institute of Physics; Jagiellonian University in Kraków; Kraków Poland
| | - A. Sechman
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology; University of Agriculture in Kraków; Kraków Poland
| | - D. Wojtysiak
- Department of Animal Anatomy; Institute of Veterinary Sciences; University of Agriculture in Kraków; Kraków Poland
| | - B. Bojarski
- Department of Veterinary Science, Animal Reproduction and Animal Welfare; Institute of Veterinary Sciences; University of Agriculture in Kraków; Kraków Poland
| | - B. Tombarkiewicz
- Department of Veterinary Science, Animal Reproduction and Animal Welfare; Institute of Veterinary Sciences; University of Agriculture in Kraków; Kraków Poland
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El-Gohary OA, Said MAA. Effect of electromagnetic waves from mobile phone on immune status of male rats: possible protective role of vitamin D. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:151-156. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There are considerable public concerns about the relationship between mobile phone radiation and human health. The present study assesses the effect of electromagnetic field (EMF) emitted from a mobile phone on the immune system in rats and the possible protective role of vitamin D. Rats were randomly divided into six groups: Group I: control group; Group II: received vitamin D (1000 IU/kg/day) orally; Group III: exposed to EMF 1 h/day; Group IV: exposed to EMF 2 h/day; Group V: exposed to EMF 1 h/day and received vitamin D (1000 IU/kg/day); Group VI: exposed to EMF 2 h/day and received vitamin D (1000 IU/kg/day). After 30 days of exposure time, 1 h/day EMF exposure resulted in significant decrease in immunoglobulin levels (IgA, IgE, IgM, and IgG); total leukocyte, lymphocyte, eosinophil and basophil counts; and a significant increase in neutrophil and monocyte counts. These changes were more increased in the group exposed to 2 h/day EMF. Vitamin D supplementation in EMF-exposed rats reversed these results when compared with EMF-exposed groups. In contrast, 7, 14, and 21 days of EMF exposure produced nonsignificant differences in these parameters among all experimental groups. We concluded that exposure to mobile phone radiation compromises the immune system of rats, and vitamin D appears to have a protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Ahmed El-Gohary
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Qalubia, Egypt
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Qalubia, Egypt
| | - Mona Abdel-Azeem Said
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Qalubia, Egypt
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Qalubia, Egypt
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Rauš Balind S, Manojlović-Stojanoski M, Milošević V, Todorović D, Nikolić L, Petković B. Short- and long-term exposure to alternating magnetic field (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) affects rat pituitary ACTH cells: Stereological study. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:461-468. [PMID: 25346405 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine does extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF, 50 Hz, 0.5 mT) affect pituitary adrenocorticotroph (ACTH) cells in adult animals. We performed two series of experiments: (1) short-term exposure of 3-month-old rats to ELF-MF for 1 and 7 days, and (2) long-term exposure of rats to ELF-MF from their conception to 3 months of age. Stereological study was performed on immunolabeled pituitary ACTH cells. The total number and volume of ACTH cells, the volume of their nuclei and pituitary volume were measured. ELF-MF exposure for 1 day significantly decreased total number and volume of ACTH cells, the volume of their nuclei, as well as pituitary volume. ELF-MF exposure for 7 days significantly reduced only the volume of ACTH cells. Life-long exposure to ELF-MF induced decrease in the volume of ACTH cells and pituitary volume. We can conclude that the applied ELF-MF has a strong influence on morphometrical parameters of the pituitary ACTH cells and could be considered as a stressogenic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snežana Rauš Balind
- Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Verica Milošević
- Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dajana Todorović
- Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Nikolić
- Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Petković
- Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Rostami A, Shahani M, Zarrindast MR, Semnanian S, Rahmati Roudsari M, Rezaei Tavirani M, Hasanzadeh H. Effects of 3 Hz and 60 Hz Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Anxiety-Like Behaviors, Memory Retention of Passive Avoidance and Electrophysiological Properties of Male Rats. J Lasers Med Sci 2016; 7:120-5. [PMID: 27330708 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2016.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effects of electromagnetic fields on biological organisms have been a controversial and also interesting debate over the past few decades, despite the wide range of investigations, many aspects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF/EMFs) effects including mechanism of their interaction with live organisms and also their possible biological applications still remain ambiguous. In the present study, we investigated whether the exposures of ELF/EMF with frequencies of 3 Hz and 60 Hz can affect the memory, anxiety like behaviors, electrophysiological properties and brain's proteome in rats. METHODS Male rats were exposed to 3 Hz and 60 Hz ELF/EMFs in a protocol consisting of 2 cycles of 2 h/day exposure for 4 days separated with a 2-day interval. Short term memory and anxiety like behaviors were assessed immediately, 1 and 2 weeks after the exposures. Effects of short term exposure were also assessed using electrophysiological approach immediately after 2 hours exposure. RESULTS Behavioral test revealed that immediately after the end of exposures, locomotor activity of both 3 Hz and 60 Hz exposed groups significantly decreased compared to sham group. This exposure protocol had no effect on anxiety like behavior during the 2 weeks after the treatment and also on short term memory. A significant reduction in firing rate of locus coeruleus (LC) was found after 2 hours of both 3 Hz and 60 Hz exposures. Proteome analysis also revealed global changes in whole brain proteome after treatment. CONCLUSION Here, some evidence regarding the fact that such exposures can alter locomotor activity and neurons firing rate in male rats were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Rostami
- Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Minoo Shahani
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saeed Semnanian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Hadi Hasanzadeh
- Cancer Research Center and Department of Medical Physics, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Lai J, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Liu X, Ruan G, Chaugai S, Tang J, Wang H, Chen C, Wang DW. Effects of 100-μT extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields exposure on hematograms and blood chemistry in rats. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2016; 57:16-24. [PMID: 26404558 PMCID: PMC4708915 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrv059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test whether extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF EMFs) affect health or not. Here, we constructed a 100-μT/50 Hz electromagnetic field atmosphere. A total of 128 rats were randomly assigned into two groups: the ELF EMF group and the sham group. The ELF EMF group was exposed to 100-μT/50-Hz ELF EMF for 20 h per day for three months; at the same time the other group was exposed to a sham device without ELF EMF. During the three months, the weight was recorded every 2 weeks, and the water intake and food intake of the animals were recorded weekly. The hematologic parameters were detected before and after the exposure, whereas blood chemistry analysis was performed every 4 weeks. The general condition of the exposed rats was not affected by ELF EMF. Compared with the sham group, the hematograms were not significantly altered in the ELF EMF group. Similarly, the blood chemistry (including lipid profile, blood glucose, liver function and renal function of rats) from the ELF EMF group showed no difference compared with rats from the control group during the three months exposure. The present study indicated that short-term exposure of 100-μT/50-Hz ELF EMF may not affect hematograms and blood chemistry in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Lai
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan,430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yemao Zhang
- High Voltage Research Institute, China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangong Zhang
- High Voltage Research Institute, China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingfa Liu
- High Voltage Research Institute, China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoran Ruan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan,430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Sandip Chaugai
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan,430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarong Tang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan,430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan,430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan,430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan,430030, People's Republic of China
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Health Implications of Electromagnetic Fields, Mechanisms of Action, and Research Needs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/198609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Electromagnetic fields (EMF) have been implicated to influence a range of bodily functions. Given their ubiquitous nature, widespread applications, and capability to produce deleterious effects, conclusive investigations of the health risks are critical. Accordingly, this paper has been constructed to weigh the bioeffects, possible biointeraction mechanisms, and research areas in bioelectromagnetics seeking immediate attention. The several gaps in the existing knowledge do not permit one to reach a concrete conclusion but possibility for harmful effects cannot be underestimated in absence of consistent findings and causal mechanisms. Several studies with appropriate methodologies reflect the capacity of electromagnetic radiations to cause adverse health effects and there are several credible mechanisms that can account for the observed effects. Hence, need of the hour is to activate comprehensive well-coordinated blind scientific investigations, overcoming all limitations and demerits of previous investigations especially replication studies to concretize the earlier findings. Furthermore, appropriate exposure assessment is crucial for identification of dose-response relation if any, and the elucidation of biological interaction mechanism. For the time being, the public should follow the precautionary principle and limit their exposure as much as possible.
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Kantar Gok D, Akpinar D, Yargicoglu P, Ozen S, Aslan M, Demir N, Derin N, Agar A. Effects of extremely low-frequency electric fields at different intensities and exposure durations on mismatch negativity. Neuroscience 2014; 272:154-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Salunke BP, Umathe SN, Chavan JG. Experimental evidence for involvement of nitric oxide in low frequency magnetic field induced obsessive compulsive disorder-like behavior. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 122:273-8. [PMID: 24780504 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
It is well documented that extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF MF) produced effects on the function of nervous system in humans and laboratory animals. Dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways have been implicated in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Recently involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in OCD-like behavior is suggested. Hence, the present study was carried out to understand the involvement of dopamine, serotonin and NO in ELF MF induced OCD-like behavior. Swiss albino mice were exposed to ELF MF (50 Hz, 10G) for 8 h/day for 7, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days by subjecting them to Helmholtz coils. OCD-like behavior was assessed in terms of marble burying behavior (MBB) test. Results revealed that ELF MF induced time dependant MBB, on 7th, 30th, 60th, 90th, and 120th exposure day. Further, levels of dopamine, serotonin and NO after 120 days of ELF MF exposure were determined in the regions of the brain. The neurohumoral studies revealed that exposure to ELF MF increased NO levels in cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus, and levels of dopamine and serotonin remain unaffected. As OCD-like behavior after ELF MF exposure was associated with higher levels of NO with no significant change in serotonin and dopamine. The effect of such exposure was studied in groups concurrently treated with NO modulators, NO precursor, L-ARG (400 mg/kg) or NOS inhibitor, L-NAME (15.0mg/kg) or 7-NI (10.0 mg/kg). These treatments revealed that NO precursor exacerbated and NOS inhibitors attenuated ELF MF induced OCD-like behavior with corresponding changes in the levels of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balwant P Salunke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Mahatma Jyotiba Fuley Shaikshanik Parisar, Amravati Road, Nagpur, MS,440 033, India.
| | - Sudhir N Umathe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Mahatma Jyotiba Fuley Shaikshanik Parisar, Amravati Road, Nagpur, MS,440 033, India
| | - Jagatpalsingh G Chavan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Mahatma Jyotiba Fuley Shaikshanik Parisar, Amravati Road, Nagpur, MS,440 033, India
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Salunke BP, Umathe SN, Chavan JG. Involvement of NMDA receptor in low-frequency magnetic field-induced anxiety in mice. Electromagn Biol Med 2013; 33:312-26. [DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2013.839453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Balassa T, Varró P, Elek S, Drozdovszky O, Szemerszky R, Világi I, Bárdos G. Changes in synaptic efficacy in rat brain slices following extremely low‐frequency magnetic field exposure at embryonic and early postnatal age. Int J Dev Neurosci 2013; 31:724-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tímea Balassa
- Department of Physiology and NeurobiologyInstitute of BiologyFaculty of ScienceEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Petra Varró
- Department of Physiology and NeurobiologyInstitute of BiologyFaculty of ScienceEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Szilvia Elek
- Department of Physiology and NeurobiologyInstitute of BiologyFaculty of ScienceEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Orsolya Drozdovszky
- Department of Physiology and NeurobiologyInstitute of BiologyFaculty of ScienceEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Renáta Szemerszky
- Department of Physiology and NeurobiologyInstitute of BiologyFaculty of ScienceEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
- Institute for Health Promotion and Sport SciencesEötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Education and PsychologyBudapestHungary
| | - Ildikó Világi
- Department of Physiology and NeurobiologyInstitute of BiologyFaculty of ScienceEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - György Bárdos
- Department of Physiology and NeurobiologyInstitute of BiologyFaculty of ScienceEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
- Institute for Health Promotion and Sport SciencesEötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Education and PsychologyBudapestHungary
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Pawlak K, Sechman A, Nieckarz Z, Wojtysiak D. Effect of weak electromagnetic field on cardiac work, concentration of thyroid hormones and blood aminotransferase level in the chick embryo. Acta Vet Hung 2013; 61:383-92. [PMID: 23921350 DOI: 10.1556/avet.2013.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of alternating electromagnetic field (EMF; 50 Hz frequency, 50 and 100 μT induction) on cardiac work of the chick embryo. Eggs from the experimental groups were exposed to EMF throughout incubation. During the experiment, heart rate (ballistocardiographic method), thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations, heart weight, ventricle wall thickness, and levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined. The results show, for the first time, that the exposure of chick embryos to EMF augments the heart rate, especially from 17 days of incubation. The increased heart rate in the embryos exposed to EMF was associated with considerable increases in plasma T4 and T3 concentrations, which were recorded during the final stage of embryogenesis. The significant effect of the 100-μT field on heart weight and blood AST levels in the embryos suggests that EMF has a direct effect on the physiological function of cardiac muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Pawlak
- 1 University of Agriculture in Kraków Department of Poultry and Fur Animal Breeding and Animal Hygiene Al. Mickiewicza 24/28 30-059 Kraków Poland
| | - Andrzej Sechman
- 2 University of Agriculture in Kraków Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology Al. Mickiewicza 24/28 30-059 Kraków Poland
| | - Zenon Nieckarz
- 4 Jagiellonian University in Kraków Experimental Computer Physics Department, Institute of Physics Kraków Poland
| | - Dorota Wojtysiak
- 3 University of Agriculture in Kraków Department of Animal Reproduction and Anatomy Al. Mickiewicza 24/28 30-059 Kraków Poland
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The influence of the low-frequency magnetic fields of different parameters on the secretion of cortisol in men. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2013; 26:92-101. [PMID: 23576151 DOI: 10.2478/s13382-013-0090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this paper is to test the influence of long-term application of the low-frequency magnetic fields in magnetotherapy and magnetostimulation on cortisol secretion in men. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients were divided into three groups: 16 men underwent magnetotherapy and 20 men (divided into two groups) underwent magnetostimulation. Magnetotherapy - 2 mT induction, 40 Hz, bipolar square wave, was applied for 20 min to lumbar area. Magnetostimulation (Viofor Jaroszyk, Paluszak, Sieroń (JPS) system, M2P2 program) was applied to 10 patients for 12 min each day. The third group (10 patients) underwent magnetostimulation (Viofor JPS system, M3P3) for 12 min each day using a different machine. All groups had 15 rounds of applications at approximately 10:00 a.m. with intermissions on the weekends. Blood serum was taken four times in a 24-hour period, before applications, the day after applications and a month later. Chemiluminescence micromethod was used to indicate hormone concentrations. Data was statistically analyzed with the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method. RESULTS The statistically significant gains in the circadian cortisol profile at 4:00 p.m., be- fore and after application, were observed as a decrease in concentration during magnetotherapy. In magnetostimulation, with the M2P2 program, a significant increase in the cortisol concentration was observed in circadian profile at 12:00 p.m. one month after the last application. After magnetostimulation with the M3P3 program, a significant increase in concentration at 6:00 a.m. and a decrease in concentration at 12:00 p.m. were observed one month later. Statistically significant difference was demonstrated in the participants after the application of magnetotherapy and magnetostimulation with M3P3 program compared to the men submitted to magnetostimulation, with M2P2 program, at 4:00 p.m. after 15 applications. CONCLUSIONS Biological hysteresis one month after magnetostimulation suggests long-term influence on the hypothalamo-hypophysial axis. The circadian curves of cortisol secretion a day after magnetotherapy and magnetostimulation with M3P3 program compared to magnetostimulation with M2P2 progam differs nearly by 100%, which proves that they show varied influence on cortisol secretion in men. All changes in the hormone concentration did not exceed the physiological standards of cortisol secretion, which suggests a regulating influence of magnetic fields on cortisol concentration rather than a strong stressogenic impact of magnetostimulation.
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Çelik MS, Güven K, Akpolat V, Akdağ MZ, Nazıroğlu M, Gül-Güven R, Çelik MY, Erdoğan S. Extremely low-frequency magnetic field induces manganese accumulation in brain, kidney and liver of rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 31:576-80. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233713480204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) on accumulation of manganese (Mn) in the kidney, liver and brain of rats. A total of 40 rats were randomly divided into eight groups. Four control groups received 0, 3.75, 15 and 60 mg Mn per kg body weight orally every 2 days for 45 days, respectively. The remaining four groups received same concentrations of Mn and were also exposed to ELF-MF (1.5 mT; 50 Hz) for 4 h for 5 days a week during 45 days. Following the last exposure, kidney, liver and brain were taken from all rats and they were analyzed for Mn accumulation levels using an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer. In result of the current study, we observed that Mn levels in brain, kidney and liver were higher in Mn groups than in control groups. Mn levels in brain, kidney and liver were also higher in Mn plus ELF-MF groups than in Mn groups. In conclusion, result of the current study showed that the ELF-MF induced manganese accumulation in kidney, liver and brain of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Salih Çelik
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Kemal Güven
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Veysi Akpolat
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Zulkuf Akdağ
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Nazıroğlu
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Reyhan Gül-Güven
- Science Teaching Program, Primary Education Department, Faculty of Ziya Gokalp Education, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - M Yusuf Çelik
- Department of Biostatics, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Sait Erdoğan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
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19
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Wang X, Zhao K, Wang D, Adams W, Fu Y, Sun H, Liu X, Yu H, Ma Y. Effects of exposure to a 50 Hz sinusoidal magnetic field during the early adolescent period on spatial memory in mice. Bioelectromagnetics 2013; 34:275-84. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.21775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Banaceur S, Banasr S, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. Whole body exposure to 2.4 GHz WIFI signals: effects on cognitive impairment in adult triple transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (3xTg-AD). Behav Brain Res 2012. [PMID: 23195115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation aimed at evaluating the effects of long-term exposure to WIFI type radiofrequency (RF) signals (2.40 GHz), two hours per day during one month at a Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) of 1.60 W/kg. The effects of RF exposure were studied on wildtype mice and triple transgenic mice (3xTg-AD) destined to develop Alzheimer's-like cognitive impairment. Mice were divided into four groups: two sham groups (WT, TG; n=7) and two exposed groups (WTS, TGS; n=7). The cognitive interference task used in this study was designed from an analogous human cognitive interference task including the Flex field activity system test, the two-compartment box test and the Barnes maze test. Our data demonstrate for the first time that RF improves cognitive behavior of 3xTg-AD mice. We conclude that RF exposure may represent an effective memory-enhancing approach in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Banaceur
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Intégrée, Faculté des sciences de Bizerte, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisia.
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21
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Al-Damegh MA. Rat testicular impairment induced by electromagnetic radiation from a conventional cellular telephone and the protective effects of the antioxidants vitamins C and E. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2012; 67:785-92. [PMID: 22892924 PMCID: PMC3400170 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2012(07)14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of electromagnetic radiation from conventional cellular phone use on the oxidant and antioxidant status in rat blood and testicular tissue and determine the possible protective role of vitamins C and E in preventing the detrimental effects of electromagnetic radiation on the testes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The treatment groups were exposed to an electromagnetic field, electromagnetic field plus vitamin C (40 mg/kg/day) or electromagnetic field plus vitamin E (2.7 mg/kg/day). All groups were exposed to the same electromagnetic frequency for 15, 30, and 60 min daily for two weeks. RESULTS There was a significant increase in the diameter of the seminiferous tubules with a disorganized seminiferous tubule sperm cycle interruption in the electromagnetism-exposed group. The serum and testicular tissue conjugated diene, lipid hydroperoxide, and catalase activities increased 3-fold, whereas the total serum and testicular tissue glutathione and glutathione peroxidase levels decreased 3-5 fold in the electromagnetism-exposed animals. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the adverse effect of the generated electromagnetic frequency had a negative impact on testicular architecture and enzymatic activity. This finding also indicated the possible role of vitamins C and E in mitigating the oxidative stress imposed on the testes and restoring normality to the testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Abdullah Al-Damegh
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts, Onaizah, Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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22
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Ammari M, Jeljeli M, Maaroufi K, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H, Roy V. Static Magnetic Field Exposure Affects Behavior and Learning in Rats. Electromagn Biol Med 2009; 27:185-96. [DOI: 10.1080/15368370802072158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ammari
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Laboratoire de Physiologie Intégrée, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Mustpha Jeljeli
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Laboratoire de Physiologie Intégrée, Jarzouna, Tunisia
- Université Tunis El Manar, Institut Supérieur des Sciences Humaines de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Karima Maaroufi
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Laboratoire de Physiologie Intégrée, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Mohsen Sakly
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Laboratoire de Physiologie Intégrée, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Hafedh Abdelmelek
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Laboratoire de Physiologie Intégrée, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Vincent Roy
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie de l'Apprentissage, Faculté des Sciences, Université des Rouen, UPRES PSY.CO – EA1780, IFRMP23, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, Cedex, France
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23
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Vallejo D, Torre M, Sanz P, Picazo ML. Effects of Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields on Blood Coagulation in Mice: An Initial Study. Electromagn Biol Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1081/jbc-120024623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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24
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Del Seppia C, Mezzasalma L, Messerotti M, Cordelli A, Ghione S. Investigations of a simulated geomagnetic field experienced by the International Space Station on attentional performance. Bioelectromagnetics 2009; 30:45-51. [PMID: 18720370 DOI: 10.1002/bem.20438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that the exposure to an abnormal magnetic field simulating the one encountered by the International Space Station (ISS) orbiting around the Earth may enhance autonomic response to emotional stimuli. Here we report the results of the second part of that study which tested whether this field also affects cognitive functions. Twenty-four volunteers participated in the study, 12 exposed to the natural geomagnetic field and 12 to the magnetic field encountered by ISS. The test protocol consisted of a set of eight tests chosen from a computerized test battery for the assessment of attentional performance. The duration of exposure was 90 min. No effect of exposure to ISS magnetic field was observed on attentional performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Del Seppia
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research (CNR), Pisa, Italy.
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25
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Güler G, Türközer Z, Ozgur E, Seyhan N. Antioxidants alleviate electric field-induced effects on lung tissue based on assays of heme oxygenase-1, protein carbonyl content, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and hydroxyproline. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2009; 407:1326-1332. [PMID: 19027931 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Revised: 10/08/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In order to test whether antioxidants have beneficiary effects on electric field induced damage, we determined the pulmonary levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), protein carbonyl content (PCO), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and hydroxyproline (HP) under extremely low frequency (ELF) electric (E) field exposure (50 Hz, 12 kV/m, 7 days/for 8 h/day). While PCO levels significantly increased (p<0.05), insignificant changes (p>0.05) were observed in HO-1, MDA, NO and HP levels for electric field exposure groups compared to the control group. We have not observed any significant change in these parameters on the electric field group compared to the group where NAC and EGCG were separately applied along with electric field. However, during our previous studies, we have concluded that NAC and EGCG are potent antioxidants and we believe that new studies should be established by way of setting up different experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Göknur Güler
- Department of Biophysics, Medical Faculty & Gazi Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Center (GNRK), Gazi University, Besevler, 06500, Ankara, Turkey.
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26
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Wang X, Liu Y, Lei Y, Zhou D, Fu Y, Che Y, Xu R, Yu H, Hu X, Ma Y. Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure during chronic morphine treatment strengthens downregulation of dopamine D2 receptors in rat dorsal hippocampus after morphine withdrawal. Neurosci Lett 2008; 433:178-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2007] [Revised: 12/31/2007] [Accepted: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Boscolo P, Di Gioacchino M, Di Giampaolo L, Antonucci A, Di Luzio S. Combined effects of electromagnetic fields on immune and nervous responses. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2007; 20:59-63. [PMID: 17903359 DOI: 10.1177/03946320070200s212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In technologically developed countries, there is concern about hazards from electromagnetic fields (EMFs). Several studies have reported that immune and neuroendocrine systems exert an integrated response to EMF exposure. The aim of this review is to summarize the results of studies on the effect of low and high frequency EMF on immune and neuroendocrine systems on which our research group has been working for several years.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Boscolo
- Occupational Medicine,G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti and Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
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28
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Del Seppia C, Ghione S, Luschi P, Ossenkopp KP, Choleris E, Kavaliers M. Pain perception and electromagnetic fields. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2007; 31:619-42. [PMID: 17374395 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2006] [Revised: 01/17/2007] [Accepted: 01/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A substantial body of evidence has accumulated showing that exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) affects pain sensitivity (nociception) and pain inhibition (analgesia). Consistent inhibitory effects of acute exposures to various EMFs on analgesia have been demonstrated in most studies. This renders examinations of changes in the expression of analgesia and nociception a particularly valuable means of addressing the biological effects of and mechanisms underlying the actions of EMFs. Here we provide an overview of the effects of various EMFs on nociceptive sensitivity and analgesia, with particular emphasis on opioid-mediated responses. We also describe the analgesic effects of particular specific EMFs, the effects of repeated exposures to EMFs and magnetic shielding, along with the dependence of EMF effects on lighting conditions. We further consider some of the underlying cellular and biophysical mechanisms along with the clinical implications of these effects of various EMFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Del Seppia
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research, Pisa, Italy.
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29
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Robertson JA, Thomas AW, Bureau Y, Prato FS. The influence of extremely low frequency magnetic fields on cytoprotection and repair. Bioelectromagnetics 2006; 28:16-30. [PMID: 16917871 DOI: 10.1002/bem.20258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injuries, such as those suffered from various types of cardiovascular disease, are major causes of death and disability. For relatively short periods of ischemia, much of the damage is potentially reversible and in fact, does not occur until the influx of oxygen during the reperfusion stage. Because of this, there is a window of opportunity to protect the ischemic tissue. Here, we review several mechanisms of protection, such as heat shock proteins, opioids, collateral blood flow, and nitric oxide induction, and the evidence indicating that magnetic fields may be used as a means of providing protection via each of these mechanisms. While there are few studies demonstrating direct protection with magnetic field therapies, there are a number of published reports indicating that electromagnetic fields may be able to influence some of the biochemical systems with protective applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Robertson
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bioelectromagnetics, Lawson Health Research Institute, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada
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30
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Lei Y, Liu T, Wilson FAW, Zhou D, Ma Y, Hu X. Effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on morphine-induced conditioned place preferences in rats. Neurosci Lett 2005; 390:72-5. [PMID: 16125316 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2005] [Revised: 07/15/2005] [Accepted: 08/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the effects of extremely low-frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields on morphine-induced conditioned place preferences in rats. During the conditioning phase (12 days), three groups of rats were placed in a sensory cue-defined environment paired with morphine (10mg/kg, i.p.) following exposure to either 20 Hz (1.80 mT) or 50 Hz (2.20 mT) or sham electromagnetic fields for 60 min/day, respectively, and were placed in another sensory cue-defined environment paired with physiological saline (1 ml/kg, i.p.) without exposure to electromagnetic fields. After finishing 12 days of conditioning, preference tests for the morphine-paired place were performed during a 10-day withdrawal period. The exposure to electromagnetic fields substantially potentiated morphine-induced place preferences in rodents, suggesting that ELF electromagnetic fields can increase the propensity for morphine-induced conditioned behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Lei
- Laboratory of Cognitive Brain Research, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, PR China
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31
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Sienkiewicz Z, Jones N, Bottomley A. Neurobehavioural effects of electromagnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 2005; Suppl 7:S116-26. [PMID: 16059919 DOI: 10.1002/bem.20141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Very few laboratory studies in children have explored the effects of exposure to low level electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on neurobehavioural function. Studies investigating effect on neurotransmitters, cognitive function and brain activity in adults and animals indicate that acute exposure to EMFs does not appear to engender any consistent physiological or behavioural impairment although a few subtle effects may occur. This suggests that exposure of children to low level EMFs may not cause significant detrimental effects on brain function. However the available evidence is not sufficient to draw any definite conclusions, and further laboratory studies are required. In particular, experiments investigating the effects of radiofrequency (RF) fields on the performance of well-characterised cognitive and behavioural tasks by immature and developing animals are recommended, if studies with children cannot be performed for ethical and practical reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenon Sienkiewicz
- Health Protection Agency, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Radiation Protection Division, Chilton, Didcot, United Kingdom.
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32
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Vázquez-García M, Elías-Viñas D, Reyes-Guerrero G, Domínguez-González A, Verdugo-Díaz L, Guevara-Guzmán R. Exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields improves social recognition in male rats. Physiol Behav 2004; 82:685-90. [PMID: 15327917 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2003] [Revised: 04/30/2004] [Accepted: 06/02/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The effect of exposure to low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF EMFs) on social recognition was studied. The test was based upon a comparison between two encounters of an adult rat and a conspecific juvenile, separated by an interexposure interval (IEI). The exposure to ELF EMF of 1 mT intensity during 2 h for 9 days increased the duration of short-term memory of adult male Wistar rats up to 300 min. These data indicate, for the first time, that ELF EMF improves social recognition memory in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Vázquez-García
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70250, México, D.F., 04510, Mexico.
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Shupak NM, Prato FS, Thomas AW. Human exposure to a specific pulsed magnetic field: effects on thermal sensory and pain thresholds. Neurosci Lett 2004; 363:157-62. [PMID: 15172106 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2004.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2004] [Revised: 03/26/2004] [Accepted: 03/31/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to pulsed magnetic fields (MF) has been shown to have a therapeutic benefit in both animals (e.g. mice, snails) and humans. The current study investigated the potential analgesic benefit of MF exposure on sensory and pain thresholds following experimentally induced warm and hot sensations. Thirty-nine subjects (Study 1) and 31 subjects (Study 2) were randomly and double-blindly assigned to 30 min of MF or sham exposure between two sets of tests of sensory and pain thresholds and latencies at, 1 degrees C above, and 2 degrees C above pain thresholds. Results indicated that MF exposure does not affect sensory thresholds [e.g. [F(1,31) = 0.073, NS]. Pain thresholds were significantly increased following MF exposure [F(1,6) = 9.45, P < 0.01] but not following sham exposure [F (1,4) = 4.22, NS]. A significant condition by gender interaction existed for post-exposure pain thresholds [F(1,27) = 5.188, P < 0.05]. Taken together, these results indicate that MF exposure does not affect basic human perception, but can increase pain thresholds in a manner indicative of an analgesic response. The potential involvement of the placebo effect is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi M Shupak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, St Joseph's Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada
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Del Seppia C, Mezzasalma L, Choleris E, Luschi P, Ghione S. Effects of magnetic field exposure on open field behaviour and nociceptive responses in mice. Behav Brain Res 2003; 144:1-9. [PMID: 12946589 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-4328(03)00042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Results of previous studies have shown that nociceptive sensitivity in male C57 mice is enhanced by exposure to a regular 37 Hz or an irregularly varying (<1 Hz) electromagnetic field. In order to test whether these fields affect more generally mouse behaviour, we placed Swiss CD-1 mice in a novel environment (open field test) and exposed them for 2 h to these two different magnetic field conditions. Hence, we analysed how duration and time course of various behavioural patterns (i.e. exploration, rear, edge chew, self-groom, sit, walk and sleep) and nociceptive sensitivity had been affected by such exposure. Nociceptive sensitivity was significantly greater in magnetically treated mice than in controls. The overall time spent in exploratory activities was significantly shorter in both magnetically treated groups (< 1 Hz, 33% and 37 Hz, 29% of total time), than in controls (42%). Conversely, the time spent in sleeping was markedly longer in the treated groups (both 27% of total time) than in controls (11%). These results suggest that exposure to altered magnetic fields induce a more rapid habituation to a novel environment.
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Rajkovic V, Matavulj M, Gledic D, Lazetic B. Evaluation of rat thyroid gland morphophysiological status after three months exposure to 50 Hz electromagnetic field. Tissue Cell 2003; 35:223-31. [PMID: 12798131 DOI: 10.1016/s0040-8166(03)00029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective of our study was to use morphophysiological criteria in order to determine the sensitivity of male rat thyroid gland to an extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) influence and the ability of the gland to repair after period of exposure. Animals were exposed to 50Hz, 50-500 microT ELF-EMF for 3 months when a part of them (group I) were sacrificed, while the rest of animals were subjected to recovery evaluation of the gland and sacrificed after 1 (group II), 2 (group III) and 3 (group IV) weeks. Histological and stereological analyses were performed on paraffin and semifine thyroid gland sections. Serum T3 and T4 were also determined. Histological and stereological analyses showed that the volume density of follicular epithelium and thyroid activation index decreased, while the volume density of colloid and capillary network increased in group I, II and III. The values of all these parameters in group IV were similar to corresponding controls. Serum T3 and T4 concentrations were significantly lower in all exposed animals, except in group I. Results of this study demonstrate that after significant morphophysiological changes caused by ELF-EMF exposure thyroid gland recovered morphologically, but not physiologically, during the investigated repair period.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rajkovic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Yugoslavia.
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Hossmann KA, Hermann DM. Effects of electromagnetic radiation of mobile phones on the central nervous system. Bioelectromagnetics 2003; 24:49-62. [PMID: 12483665 DOI: 10.1002/bem.10068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing use of mobile communication, concerns have been expressed about the possible interactions of electromagnetic radiation with the human organism and, in particular, the brain. The effects on neuronal electrical activity, energy metabolism, genomic responses, neurotransmitter balance, blood-brain barrier permeability, cognitive function, sleep, and various brain diseases including brain tumors are reviewed. Most of the reported effects are small as long as the radiation intensity remains in the nonthermal range, and none of the research reviewed gives an indication of the mechanisms involved at this range. However, health risks may evolve from indirect consequences of mobile telephony, such as the sharply increased incidence rate of traffic accidents caused by telephony during driving, and possibly also by stress reactions which annoyed bystanders may experience when cellular phones are used in public places. These indirect health effects presumably outweigh the direct biological perturbations and should be investigated in more detail in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-A Hossmann
- Max-Planck-Institute for Neurological Research, Department of Experimental Neurology, Cologne, Germany.
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Sonnier H, Marino AA. SENSORY TRANSDUCTION AS A PROPOSED MODEL FOR BIOLOGICAL DETECTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1081/jbc-100104140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kabuto H, Yokoi I, Mori A, Ogawa N. Effects of an in vivo 60 Hz magnetic field on monoamine levels in mouse brain. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2000; 7:115-119. [PMID: 10927190 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-4680(00)00037-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) on mouse brain monoamine levels in models of (1) chronic exposure (7 days) of EMF (60 Hz, 10 Gauss) to mice in a vertical orientation, (2) prolonged chronic exposure (84 days) of EMF (60 Hz, 10 Gauss) to mice in a horizontal mode, (3) acute exposure (6 h) of EMF (60 Hz, 10 Gauss) to senescence accelerated mice (SAM-P8) at ages 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months in the horizontal mode, and (4) acute exposure (1 h) of EMF (60 Hz, 1, 3.3 and 10 Gauss) to restrained mice in the horizontal mode. No model except the restrained one changed their monoamine or metabolite levels by exposure to EMF. In the restrained group, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) was significantly increased in the hippocampus (HP) and hypothalamus (HY), homovanillic acid (HVA) was significantly increased in HY, and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) was significantly increased in HP and thalamus-midbrain (TM). None of these monoamine metabolite levels were changed when the mouse was restrained without EMF exposure. These results suggest that monoamine metabolism is influenced by EMF only when the exposure is in the same direction as the mouse position. Another possibility is that EMF enhances the restraint stress since stress is known to increase monoamine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kabuto
- Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural College of Health Sciences, 281-1, Mure-cho Hara, Kita-gun, 761-0123, Kagawa, Japan
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