1
|
Martínez-Rivera FJ, Yim YY, Godino A, Minier-Toribio A, Tofani S, Holt LM, Torres-Berrío A, Futamura R, Browne CJ, Markovic T, Hamilton PJ, Neve RL, Nestler EJ. Cell-Type-Specific Regulation of Cocaine Reward by the E2F3a Transcription Factor in Nucleus Accumbens. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.08.602609. [PMID: 39026727 PMCID: PMC11257579 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.08.602609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The development of drug addiction is characterized by molecular changes in brain reward regions that lead to the transition from recreational to compulsive drug use. These neurobiological processes in brain reward regions, such as the nucleus accumbens (NAc), are orchestrated in large part by transcriptional regulation. Our group recently identified the transcription factor E2F3a as a novel regulator of cocaine's rewarding effects and gene expression regulation in the NAc of male mice. Despite this progress, no information is available about the role of E2F3a in regulating cocaine reward at the sex- and cell-specific levels. Here, we used male and female mice expressing Cre-recombinase in either D1- or D2-type medium spiny neurons (MSNs) combined with viral-mediated gene transfer to bidirectionally control levels of E2F3a in a cell-type-specific manner in the NAc during conditioned place preference (CPP) to cocaine. Our findings show that selective overexpression of E2F3a in D1-MSNs increased cocaine CPP in both male and female mice, whereas opposite effects were observed under knockdown conditions. In contrast, equivalent E2F3a manipulations in D2-MSNs had no significant effects. To further explore the role of E2F3a in sophisticated operant and motivated behaviors, we performed viral manipulations of all NAc neurons in combination with cocaine self-administration and behavioral economics procedures in rats and demonstrated that E2F3a regulates sensitivity aspects of cocaine seeking and taking. These results confirm E2F3a as a central substrate of cocaine reward and demonstrate that this effect is mediated in D1-MSNs, thereby providing increased knowledge of cocaine action at the transcriptional level.
Collapse
|
2
|
Ting JT, Kalmbach B, Chong P, de Frates R, Keene CD, Gwinn RP, Cobbs C, Ko AL, Ojemann JG, Ellenbogen RG, Koch C, Lein E. A robust ex vivo experimental platform for molecular-genetic dissection of adult human neocortical cell types and circuits. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8407. [PMID: 29849137 PMCID: PMC5976666 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26803-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The powerful suite of available genetic tools is driving tremendous progress in understanding mouse brain cell types and circuits. However, the degree of conservation in human remains largely unknown in large part due to the lack of such tools and healthy tissue preparations. To close this gap, we describe a robust and stable adult human neurosurgically-derived ex vivo acute and cultured neocortical brain slice system optimized for rapid molecular-genetic manipulation. Surprisingly, acute human brain slices exhibited exceptional viability, and neuronal intrinsic membrane properties could be assayed for at least three days. Maintaining adult human slices in culture under sterile conditions further enabled the application of viral tools to drive rapid expression of exogenous transgenes. Widespread neuron-specific labeling was achieved as early as two days post infection with HSV-1 vectors, with virally-transduced neurons exhibiting membrane properties largely comparable to uninfected neurons over this short timeframe. Finally, we demonstrate the suitability of this culture paradigm for optical manipulation and monitoring of neuronal activity using genetically encoded probes, opening a path for applying modern molecular-genetic tools to study human brain circuit function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian Kalmbach
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter Chong
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ryder P Gwinn
- Epilepsy Surgery and Functional Neurosurgery, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Charles Cobbs
- The Ben and Catherine Ivy Center for Advanced Brain Tumor Treatment, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew L Ko
- Regional Epilepsy Center at Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Ojemann
- Regional Epilepsy Center at Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Richard G Ellenbogen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Ed Lein
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Penrod RD, Carreira MB, Taniguchi M, Kumar J, Maddox SA, Cowan CW. Novel role and regulation of HDAC4 in cocaine-related behaviors. Addict Biol 2018. [PMID: 28635037 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms have been proposed to contribute to persistent aspects of addiction-related behaviors. One family of epigenetic molecules that may regulate maladaptive behavioral changes produced by cocaine use are the histone deacetylases (HDACs)-key regulators of chromatin and gene expression. In particular, the class IIa HDACs (HDAC4, HDAC5, HDAC7 and HDAC9) respond to changes in neuronal activity by modulating their distribution between the nucleus and cytoplasm-a process controlled in large part by changes in phosphorylation of conserved residues. Cocaine triggers a transient nuclear accumulation of HDAC5 that functions to limit the development of cocaine reward behavior. However, the role and regulation of the close family member, HDAC4, in cocaine behaviors remain largely unknown. In this study, we report that cocaine and cAMP signaling in striatum produced differential phosphorylation and subcellular localization of HDAC4 and HDAC5. Unlike HDAC5, cocaine exposure induced a modest hyperphosphorylation and nuclear export of HDAC4. Genetic deletion of HDAC4 in the nucleus accumbens reduced acute cocaine-produced locomotion, maximum locomotor sensitization and cocaine reward-related behavior. Interestingly, overexpression of an HDAC4 cytoplasm-concentrated mutant (S266E) increased cocaine reward behavior in the cocaine conditioned place preference assay, suggesting that cocaine-induced nuclear export of HDAC4 might function to facilitate the development of cocaine reward behaviors through a role in the cell cytoplasm. Together, our findings suggest that, despite high sequence homology, HDAC4 and HDAC5 are oppositely regulated by cocaine-induced signaling in vivo and have distinct roles in regulating cocaine behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D. Penrod
- Department of Psychiatry; Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital; Belmont MA USA
- Department of Neuroscience; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston SC USA
| | - Maria B. Carreira
- Department of Psychiatry; Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital; Belmont MA USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas TX USA
- Institute of Scientific Research and High Technology Services (INDICASAT); Panama Rep. of Panama
| | - Makoto Taniguchi
- Department of Psychiatry; Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital; Belmont MA USA
- Department of Neuroscience; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston SC USA
| | - Jaswinder Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry; Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital; Belmont MA USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas TX USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior; University of California, Los Angeles; Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Stephanie A. Maddox
- Department of Psychiatry; Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital; Belmont MA USA
| | - Christopher W. Cowan
- Department of Psychiatry; Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital; Belmont MA USA
- Department of Neuroscience; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston SC USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas TX USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Morelli G, Avila A, Ravanidis S, Aourz N, Neve RL, Smolders I, Harvey RJ, Rigo JM, Nguyen L, Brône B. Cerebral Cortical Circuitry Formation Requires Functional Glycine Receptors. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:1863-1877. [PMID: 26891984 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the cerebral cortex is a complex process that requires the generation, migration, and differentiation of neurons. Interfering with any of these steps can impair the establishment of connectivity and, hence, function of the adult brain. Neurotransmitter receptors have emerged as critical players to regulate these biological steps during brain maturation. Among them, α2 subunit-containing glycine receptors (GlyRs) regulate cortical neurogenesis and the present work demonstrates the long-term consequences of their genetic disruption on neuronal connectivity in the postnatal cerebral cortex. Our data indicate that somatosensory cortical neurons of Glra2 knockout mice (Glra2KO) have more dendritic branches with an overall increase in total spine number. These morphological defects correlate with a disruption of the excitation/inhibition balance, thereby increasing network excitability and enhancing susceptibility to epileptic seizures after pentylenetetrazol tail infusion. Taken together, our findings show that the loss of embryonic GlyRα2 ultimately impairs the formation of cortical circuits in the mature brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Morelli
- BIOMED Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt 3500, Belgium.,GIGA-Neurosciences.,Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R)
| | - Ariel Avila
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Toronto, ON, CanadaM5G 1X8
| | | | - Najat Aourz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, C4N, Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Rachael L Neve
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ilse Smolders
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, C4N, Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Robert J Harvey
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Jean-Michel Rigo
- BIOMED Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt 3500, Belgium
| | - Laurent Nguyen
- GIGA-Neurosciences.,Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R).,Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Bert Brône
- BIOMED Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt 3500, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Penrod RD, Wells AM, Carlezon WA, Cowan CW. Use of Adeno-Associated and Herpes Simplex Viral Vectors for In Vivo Neuronal Expression in Mice. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN NEUROSCIENCE 2015; 73:4.37.1-4.37.31. [PMID: 26426386 PMCID: PMC4678623 DOI: 10.1002/0471142301.ns0437s73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Adeno-associated viruses and the herpes simplex virus are the two most widely used vectors for the in vivo expression of exogenous genes. Advances in the development of these vectors have enabled remarkable temporal and spatial control of gene expression. This unit provides methods for storing, delivering, and verifying expression of adeno-associated and herpes simplex viruses in the adult mouse brain. It also describes important considerations for experiments using in vivo expression of these viral vectors, including serotype and promoter selection, as well as timing of expression. Additional protocols are provided that describe methods for preliminary experiments to determine the appropriate conditions for in vivo delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D Penrod
- McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Audrey M Wells
- McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Friedman AK, Han MH. The Use of Herpes Simplex Virus in Ex Vivo Slice Culture. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN NEUROSCIENCE 2015; 72:4.36.1-4.36.7. [PMID: 26131662 PMCID: PMC4514517 DOI: 10.1002/0471142301.ns0436s72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) can be used for a wide range of genetic manipulations in ex vivo slices of central nervous system tissue from both young and adult rodents. The fast expression of the HSV viral-mediated gene transfer, which can be engineered to produce cell-type specificity, can be utilized in slice cultures for a variety of purposes over a 1- to 4-day period with spatial and temporal specificity. This protocol exploits the rapid expression of HSV viral vectors by utilizing slice culture for electrophysiological recordings, avoiding the need to do intracranial viral injections. Brain slice cultures maintain many aspects of in vivo biology, including functional local synaptic circuitry with preserved brain architecture, while allowing good experimental access and precise control of the extracellular environment, making them ideal platforms for quick access to evaluate expression effects of HSV viral-mediated gene transfer on the molecular and cellular properties of specific neurons. This protocol provides an easy way to study neuronal function following viral expression of a gene of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allyson K. Friedman
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029
| | - Ming-Hu Han
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029, (212)-659-1729
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sullivan HA, Wickersham IR. Concentration and purification of rabies viral and lentiviral vectors. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2015; 2015:386-91. [PMID: 25834256 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot075887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Rabies viral and lentiviral vectors are very useful tools for neuroscientists, but high titer and purity are critical for in vivo applications. Here we present a protocol for concentration and purification of viral stocks by ultracentrifugation on a sucrose step gradient to remove impurities of both higher and lower densities than the virus itself, with sucrose removed by a subsequent pelleting step. The final stocks are concentrated in volume by a factor of up to 1000, with higher expected purity than is obtained following previously published protocols for preparing G-deleted rabies viral vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Sullivan
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Ian R Wickersham
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Epigenetic priming of memory updating during reconsolidation to attenuate remote fear memories. Cell 2014; 156:261-76. [PMID: 24439381 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic events generate some of the most enduring forms of memories. Despite the elevated lifetime prevalence of anxiety disorders, effective strategies to attenuate long-term traumatic memories are scarce. The most efficacious treatments to diminish recent (i.e., day-old) traumata capitalize on memory updating mechanisms during reconsolidation that are initiated upon memory recall. Here, we show that, in mice, successful reconsolidation-updating paradigms for recent memories fail to attenuate remote (i.e., month-old) ones. We find that, whereas recent memory recall induces a limited period of hippocampal neuroplasticity mediated, in part, by S-nitrosylation of HDAC2 and histone acetylation, such plasticity is absent for remote memories. However, by using an HDAC2-targeting inhibitor (HDACi) during reconsolidation, even remote memories can be persistently attenuated. This intervention epigenetically primes the expression of neuroplasticity-related genes, which is accompanied by higher metabolic, synaptic, and structural plasticity. Thus, applying HDACis during memory reconsolidation might constitute a treatment option for remote traumata.
Collapse
|
9
|
Kaplan A, Sanz R, Ferraro GB, Alchini R, Fournier AE. Neurite outgrowth and growth cone collapse assays to assess neuronal responses to extracellular cues. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1162:43-56. [PMID: 24838957 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0777-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The identification of molecular processes involved in regulating neurite outgrowth is an active area of interest for investigators studying neural development and regeneration. In vitro assays designed to measure growth cone morphology and neurite length are frequently used to assess neuronal responses to developmental guidance cues and inhibitory cues that exist in the adult CNS. Here, we describe the procedures to assess morphological responses of cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons to attractive and repellent cues, with a focus on repellents found in the injured adult CNS. The chapter describes methods to culture the DRGs, apply inhibitory ligands, and assess morphological responses. These assays provide biological readouts to assess the capacity of a molecule to act as an inhibitory or growth promoting cue. The readouts can be used as screening tools to aid in the identification of novel targets or drugs for promoting nerve regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kaplan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, BT-109, 3801 Rue University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 2B4
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|